FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Froehle, PH Wei, TYC Weber, DP Henry, RE AF Froehle, PH Wei, TYC Weber, DP Henry, RE BE Ades, M Griebenow, R TI Parallelization of the MAAP-A code neutronics thermal hydraulics coupling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIMULATORS INTERNATIONAL XV SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference (ASTC 98) CY APR 05-09, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE nuclear engineering; computer software; multiprocessors AB A major new feature, one-dimensional space-time kinetics, been added to a developmental version of the MAAP code through the introduction of the DIF3D-K module. This code is referred to as MAAP-A, To reduce the overall job time required, a capability has been provided to run the MAAP-A code in parallel. The parallel version of MAAP-A utilizes two machines running in parallel, with the DIF3D-K module executing on one machine and the rest of the MAAP-A code executing on the other machine. Timing results obtained ring the development of the capability indicate that deductions in time of 30% - 40% are possible. The parallel version can be run on two SPARC 20 (SUN OS 5.5) workstations connected through the ethernet. MPI (Message lssing Interface standard) needs to be implemented on the machines. If necessary the parallel version can also be run on only one machine. The results obtained running in this one machine mode identically match the results obtained from the version of the code. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Froehle, PH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-144-3 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1998 VL 30 IS 3 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BM98J UT WOS:000080336600046 ER PT B AU Post, RF Ryutov, DD AF Post, RF Ryutov, DD BE Allaire, PE Trumper, DL TI Ambient-temperature passive magnetic bearings: Theory and design equations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MAGNETIC BEARINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings CY AUG 05-07, 1998 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Univ Virginia, MIT HO MIT AB As described previously (R. F. Post, D. D. Ryutov, J. R. Smith, and L. S. Tung, Proc. of MAG '97 Industrial Conference on Magnetic Bearings, p. 167), research has been underway at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory on ambient-temperature passive magnetic bearings for a variety of possible applications. In the approach taken the limitations imposed by Earnshaw's theorem with respect to the stability of passive magnetic bearing systems are overcome by employing special combinations of elements, as follows: Levitating and restoring forces are provided by permanent-magnet elements that provide positive stiffnesses for selected displacements (i.e., those involving translations or angular displacement of the axis of rotation). As dictated by Earnshaw's theorem, bearing systems thus constructed wilt be statically unstable for at least one of the remaining possible displacements. Stabilization against this displacement is accomplished by using periodic arrays ("Halbach arrays") of permanent magnets to induce currents in close-packed inductively loaded circuits, thereby producing force derivatives stabilizing the system while in rotation. Disengaging mechanical elements stabilize the system when at rest and when below a low critical speed. The paper discusses theory and equations needed for the design of such systems. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Post, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-710-5 PY 1998 BP 109 EP 122 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BP86L UT WOS:000086446500012 ER PT B AU Darling, R Newman, J AF Darling, R Newman, J BE VanZee, JW Foller, PC Fuller, TF Hine, F TI Diffusion in LiyMn2O4 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND OXYGEN DEPOLARIZED CATHODES AND ACTIVATED CATHODES FOR CHLOR-ALKALI AND CHLORATED PROCESSES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Electrochemical Processes / Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes and Activated Cathodes for Chlor-Alkali, Chlorate CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The variation of the diffusion coefficient with lithium concentration in LiyMn2O4 is estimated from galvanostatic cycles with periodic current interruptions. The cycles are simulated with a detailed mathematical model based an porous electrode theory. The model is used to investigate the influence of a distribution of particle sizes on the measurements. The model results indicate that the diffusion coefficient may be fit to the response of the system at short times. The diffusion coefficients are compared to results available in the literature and analyzed in terms of the thermodynamic factor. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Darling, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-204-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BL94D UT WOS:000077232200001 ER PT B AU Meyers, JP Villwock, RD Darling, RM Newman, J AF Meyers, JP Villwock, RD Darling, RM Newman, J BE VanZee, JW Foller, PC Fuller, TF Hine, F TI Multicomponent diffusion in a gas-diffusion electrode with a ribbed flow field using the quasipotential transformation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND OXYGEN DEPOLARIZED CATHODES AND ACTIVATED CATHODES FOR CHLOR-ALKALI AND CHLORATED PROCESSES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Electrochemical Processes / Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes and Activated Cathodes for Chlor-Alkali, Chlorate CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We present a mathematical model of a gas-diffusion electrode adjacent to a ribbed current collector. The quasipotential transformation is used to reduce the problem, governed by the Stefan-Maxwell equations and Darcy's law, to the solution of Laplace's equation subject to nonlinear boundary conditions. A Schwarz-Christoffel transformation is used to transform the how field into a simpler rectangular region. Separation of variables is then used to express the current on the electrode as a Fourier series. The model is applied to the problem of anhydrous hydrogen chloride electrolysis in a solid-porymer-electrolyte cell. Polarization curves, current distributions, and contours of reactant pressure in the gas-diffusion electrode are presented and discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meyers, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-204-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 10 BP 63 EP 83 PG 21 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BL94D UT WOS:000077232200005 ER PT B AU Blum, O Klem, JF Lear, KL Vawter, GA Kurtz, SR AF Blum, O Klem, JF Lear, KL Vawter, GA Kurtz, SR BE Hou, HQ Sah, RE Pearton, SJ Ren, F Wada, K TI Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers emitting near 1.5 mu m with Sb-based reflectors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND THE TWENTY-EIGHTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light Emitting Devices for Optoelectronic Applications / 28th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors at 193th Electrochemical-Soc Meeting CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB We describe use of AlAsSb/AlGaAsSb lattice matched to InP for distributed Bragg reflectors. These structures are integral to several surface normal devices, in particular vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. The high refractive index ratio of these materials allows formation of a highly reflective mirror with relatively few mirror pairs. As a result, we have been able to show for the first time the 77K CW operation of an optically pumped, monolithic, alt-epitaxial vertical cavity laser, emitting at 1.56 mu m. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Blum, O (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-194-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 2 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49G UT WOS:000075698000018 ER PT B AU Breiland, WG Hou, HQ Hammons, BE Klem, JF AF Breiland, WG Hou, HQ Hammons, BE Klem, JF BE Hou, HQ Sah, RE Pearton, SJ Ren, F Wada, K TI In situ reflectance and virtual interface analysis for compound semiconductor process control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND THE TWENTY-EIGHTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light Emitting Devices for Optoelectronic Applications / 28th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors at 193th Electrochemical-Soc Meeting CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB We review the use of in-situ normal incidence reflectance, combined with a virtual interface model, to monitor and control the growth of complex compound semiconductor devices. The technique is being used routinely on both commercial and research metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactors and in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to measure growth rates and high temperature optical constants of compound semiconductor alloys. The virtual interface approach allows one to extract the calibration information in an automated way without having to estimate the thickness or optical constants of the alloy, and without having to model underlying thin film layers. The method has been used in a variety of data analysis applications collectively referred to as ADVISOR (Analysis of Deposition using Virtual Interfaces and Spectroscopic Optical Reflectance). This very simple and robust monitor and ADVISOR method provides one with the equivalent of a realtime reflection high energy electron reflectance (RHEED) tool for both MBE and MOCVD applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Breiland, WG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-194-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 2 BP 311 EP 319 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49G UT WOS:000075698000027 ER PT B AU Baca, AG Hietala, VM Greenway, D Zolper, JC Sherwin, ME Shul, RJ Hafich, MJ AF Baca, AG Hietala, VM Greenway, D Zolper, JC Sherwin, ME Shul, RJ Hafich, MJ BE Hou, HQ Sah, RE Pearton, SJ Ren, F Wada, K TI GaAs-based JFET and PHEMT technologies for ultra-low-power microwave circuits operating at frequencies up to 2.4 GHz SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND THE TWENTY-EIGHTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light Emitting Devices for Optoelectronic Applications / 28th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors at 193th Electrochemical-Soc Meeting CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB In this work we report results of narrowband amplifiers designed for milliwatt and submilliwatt power consumption using JFET and PHEMT GaAs-based technologies. Enhancement-mode JFETs were used to design both a hybrid amplifier with off-chip matching as well as a MMIC with on-chip matching. The hybrid amplifier achieved 8-10 dB of gain at 2.4 GHz and 1 mW. The MMIC achieved 10 dB of gain at 2.4 GHz and 2 mW. Submilliwatt circuits were also explored by using 0.25 mu m PHEMTs. 25 mu W power levels were achieved with 5 dB of gain for a 215 MHz hybrid amplifier. These results significantly reduce power consumption levels achievable with the JFETs or prior MESFET, HFET, or Si bipolar results from other laboratories. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baca, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-194-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 2 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49G UT WOS:000075698000040 ER PT B AU Shul, RJ Willison, CG Sullivan, CT Kravitz, SH Zhang, L Zipperian, TE AF Shul, RJ Willison, CG Sullivan, CT Kravitz, SH Zhang, L Zipperian, TE BE Hou, HQ Sah, RE Pearton, SJ Ren, F Wada, K TI Deep high-aspect ratio Si etching for advanced packaging technologies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS AND THE TWENTY-EIGHTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Light Emitting Devices for Optoelectronic Applications / 28th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors at 193th Electrochemical-Soc Meeting CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB Deep high-aspect ratio Si etching (HARSE) has shown potential application for passive self-alignment of dissimilar materials and devices on Sr carriers or waferboards. The Si can be etched to specific depths and lateral dimensions to accurately place or locate discrete components (i.e. lasers, photodetectors, and fiber optics) on a Si carrier. It is critical to develop processes which maintain the dimensions of the mask, yield highly anisotropic profiles for deep features, and maintain the anisotropy at the base of the etched feature. In this paper we report process conditions for HARSE which yield etch rates exceeding 3 mu m/min and well controlled, highly anisotropic etch profiles. Examples for potential application to advanced packaging technologies will also be shown. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shul, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-194-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 2 BP 564 EP 572 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49G UT WOS:000075698000053 ER PT B AU Stoller, RE Greenwood, LR AF Stoller, RE Greenwood, LR BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Influence of neutron energy spectrum on primary damage formation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB Displacement cascade formation in iron has been investigated by the method of molecular dynamics (MD) for cascade energies up to 40 keV. The results of these simulations have been used to obtain effective, energy-dependent cross sections for two measures of primary damage production: (1) the number of surviving point defects expressed as a fraction of the those predicted by the standard secondary displacement model by Norgett, Robinson, and Torrens (NRT), and (:2) the fraction of the surviving interstitials contained in clusters that formed during the cascade event. The primary knockon atom spectra for iron obtained from the SPECTER code have been used to weight these MD-based damage production cross sections in order to obtain spectrally-averaged values for several locations in commercial fission reactors, materials test reactors, a DT fusion reactor first wall, and a pulsed spallation neutron source. An evaluation of these results indicates that neutron energy spectrum differences between the various environments do not lead to significant differences between the average primary damage formation parameters. This conclusion implies that the displacement damage component of radiation damage produced in a high energy spallation neutron source should be well simulated by irradiation in a fission reactor neutron spectrum, and that differences in nuclear transmutation production may be a greater source of uncertainty in the prediction of material performance in the planned National Spallation Neutron Source. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500002 ER PT B AU Pitcher, EJ Ferguson, PD Russell, GJ Prael, RE Madland, DG Court, JD Daemen, LL AF Pitcher, EJ Ferguson, PD Russell, GJ Prael, RE Madland, DG Court, JD Daemen, LL BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI The effect of the new nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering data in LAHET (TM) version 2.8 on neutron displacement cross section calculations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB The latest release of the medium-energy Monte Carlo transport code LAHET II] includes a new nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering treatment based on a global medium-energy phenomenological optical-model potential. Implementation of this new model in LAHET allows nuclear elastic scattering for neutrons with energies greater than 15 MeV and for protons with energies greater than 50 MeV. Previous investigations on the impact of the new elastic scattering data revealed that the addition of the proton elastic scattering channel can lead to a significant increase in the calculated damage energy under certain conditions. We report here results on the impact of the new elastic scattering data on calculated displacement cross sections in various elements for neutrons with energies in the range 16 to 3160 MeV. Calculated displacement cross sections at 20 MeV in low-mass materials are in better agreement with SPECTER-calculated cross sections. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pitcher, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500003 ER PT B AU Czajkowski, CJ Snead, CL Todosow, M AF Czajkowski, CJ Snead, CL Todosow, M BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Investigation of high-energy-proton effects in aluminum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB Specimens of 1100 aluminum were exposed to several fluences of 23.5-GeV protons at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. Although this energy is above those currently being proposed for spallation-neutron applications; the results can be viewed as indicative of trends and other microstructural evolution with fluence that take place with high-energy proton exposures such as those associated with an increasing ratio of gas generation to dpa. TEM investigation showed significantly larger-bubble size and lower-density of bubbles compared with lower-energy proton results. Additional testing showed that the tensile strength increased with fluence as expected, but the microhardness decreased, a result for which an interpretation is still under investigation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Czajkowski, CJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500005 ER PT B AU Czajkowski, CJ AF Czajkowski, CJ BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Response of structural materials to radiation environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB An evaluation of proton and neutron damage to aluminum, stainless steel, nickel alloys, and various aluminum alloys has been performed. The proton studies were conducted at energies of 200 MeV, 800 MeV, and 23.5 GeV. The proton studies consisted of evaluation and characterization of proton-irradiated window/target materials from accelerators and comparison to nonirradiated archival materials. The materials evaluated for the proton irradiations included 99.9999 wt% aluminum, 1100 aluminum, 5052 aluminum, 304 stainless steel, and Inconel 718. The neutron damage research centered on 6061 T-6 aluminum which was obtained from a. control-rod follower from the Brookhaven National Laboratory's (BNL) High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR). This material had received thermal neutron fluence up to similar to 4 x 10(23) n/cm(2). The possible effects of thermal-to-fast neutron flux ratios are discussed. The increases in tensile strength in the proton-irradiated materials is shown to be the result of atomic displacements. These displacements cause interstitials and vacancies which aggregate into defect clusters which result in radiation hardening of the materials. Production of gas (helium) in the grain boundaries of proton irradiated 99.9999 wt% aluminum is also discussed. The major factor contributing to the mechanical-property changes in the neutron-irradiated 6061 T-6 aluminum is the production of transmutation products formed by interactions of the aluminum with thermal neutrons. The metallurgical and mechanical-property evaluations for the research consisted of electron microscopy (both scanning and transmission), tensile testing, and microhardness testing. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Czajkowski, CJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 35 EP 47 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500006 ER PT B AU Snead, CL Hanson, A Greene, GA Ghosh, A Czajkowski, CJ Chan, KCD Ward, TE Safa, H AF Snead, CL Hanson, A Greene, GA Ghosh, A Czajkowski, CJ Chan, KCD Ward, TE Safa, H BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Resistivity changes in superconducting-cavity-grade Nb following high-energy proton irradiation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB Niobium superconducting rf cavities are proposed for use in the proton LINAC accelerators for spallation-neutron applications. Because of accidental beam loss and continual halo losses along the accelerator path, concern for the degradation of the superconducting properties of the cavities with accumulating damage arises. Residual-resistivity-ratio (RRR) :specimens of Nb, with a range of initial RRR's were irradiated at room temperature with protons at energies from 200 to 2000 MeV. Four-probe resistance measurements were made at room temperature and at 4.2 K both prior to and after irradiation. Nonlinear increases in resistivity simulate expected behavior in cavity material after extended irradiation, followed by periodic anneals to room temperature, For RRR = 316 material, irradiations to (2-3) x 10(15) p/cm(2) produce degradations up to the 10% level, a change that is deemed operationally acceptable. Without periodic warming to room temperature, the accumulated damage energy would be up to a factor of ten greater, resulting in unacceptable degradations. Likewise, should higher-RRR material be used, for the same damage energy imparted, relatively larger percentage changes in the RRR will result. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Snead, CL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500007 ER PT B AU Lee, EH Rao, GR Hunn, JD Rice, PM Lewis, MB Cook, SW Farrell, K Mansur, LK AF Lee, EH Rao, GR Hunn, JD Rice, PM Lewis, MB Cook, SW Farrell, K Mansur, LK BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Triple ion-beam studies of radiation damage in a 316LN austenitic ahoy for a high power spallation neutron source SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB Austenitic 316LN alloy was ion-irradiated using the unique Triple Ion Beam Facility (TIF) at ORNL to investigate radiation damage effects relevant to spallation neutron sources. The TIF was used to simulate significant features of GeV proton irradiation effects in spallation neutron source target materials by producing displacement damage while simultaneously injecting helium and hydrogen at appropriately high gas/dpa ratios. Irradiations were carried out at 80, 200, and 350 degrees C using 3.5 MeV Fe++, 360 keV He+, and 180 keV H+ to accumulate 50 dpa by Fe, 10,000 appm of He, and 50,000 appm of H. Irradiations were also carried out at 200 degrees C in single and dual ion beam modes. The specific ion energies were chosen to maximize the damage and the gas accumulation at a depth of similar to 1 mu m. Variations in microstructure and hardness of irradiated specimens were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a nanoindentation technique, respectively. TEM investigation yielded varying damage defect microstructures, comprising black dots, faulted and unfaulted loops, and a high number density of fine bubbles (typically less than 1 nm in diameter). With increasing temperature, faulted loops had a tendency to unfault, and bubble microstructure changed from a bimodal size distribution to a unimodal distribution. Triple ion irradiations at the three temperatures resulted in similar increases in hardness of approximately a factor of two. Individually, Fe and He ions resulted in a similar magnitude of hardness increase, whereas H ions showed only a very small effect. The present study has yielded microstructural information relevant to spallation neutron source conditions and indicates that the most important concern may be radiation induced hardening and associated ductility loss. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, EH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500008 ER PT B AU Klueh, RL AF Klueh, RL BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Irradiation damage of ferritic/martensitic steels: Fusion program data applied to a spallation neutron source SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB Ferritic/martensitic steels were chosen as candidates for future fusion power plants because of their superior swelling resistance and better thermal properties than austenitic stainless steels. For the same reasons, these steels are being considered for the target structure of a spallation neutron source, where the structural materials will experience even more extreme irradiation conditions than expected in a fusion power plant first wall (i.e., high-energy neutrons that produce large amounts of displacement damage and transmutation helium). Extensive studies on the effects of neutron irradiation on the mechanical properties of ferritic/martensitic steels indicate that the major problem involves the effect of irradiation on fracture, as determined by a Charpy impact test. There are indications that helium can affect the impact behavior. Even more helium will be produced in a spallation neutron target material than in the first wall of a fusion power plant, making helium effects a prime concern for both applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klueh, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500009 ER PT B AU Weeks, JR AF Weeks, JR BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Compatibility of structural materials with liquid lead-bismuth and mercury SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB Both liquid mercury and liquid lead-bismuth eutectic have been proposed as possible target materials for spallation neutron sources. During the 1950s and 1960s a substantial program existed at Brookhaven National Laboratory as part of the Liquid Metal Fuel Reactor program on the compatibility of bismuth, lead and their alloys with structural materials. Subsequently, compatibility investigations of mercury with structural materials were performed in support of development of Rankine-cycle mercury turbines for nuclear applications. This paper reviews our understanding of the corrosion/mass-transfer reactions of structural materials with these liquid-metal coolants. Topics to be discussed include the basic solubility relationships of iron, chromium nickel, and refractory metals in these liquid metals, the results of inhibition studies, the role of oxygen on the corrosion processes, and specialized topics such as cavitation corrosion and liquid-metal embrittlement. Emphasis will be placed on utilizing the understanding gained in this earlier work on the development of heavy liquid-metal targets in spallation neutron sources. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Weeks, JR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500010 ER PT B AU Daemen, LL Kanner, GS Lillard, RS Butt, DP Brun, TO Sommer, WF AF Daemen, LL Kanner, GS Lillard, RS Butt, DP Brun, TO Sommer, WF BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Modeling of water radiolysis at spallation neutron sources SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB In spallation neutron sources neutrons are produced when a beam of high-energy particles (e.g., 1 GeV protons) collides with a (water-cooled) heavy metal target such as tungsten. The resulting spallation reactions produce a complex radiation environment (which differs from typical conditions at fission and fusion reactors) leading to the radiolysis of water molecules. Most water radiolysis products are short-lived but extremely reactive. When formed in the vicinity of the target surface they can react with metal atoms, thereby contributing to target corrosion. We will describe the results of calculations and experiments performed at Los Alamos to determine the impact on target corrosion of water radiolysis in the spallation radiation environment. Our computational methodology relies on the use of the Los Alamos radiation transport code, LAHET, to determine the radiation environment, and the AEA code, FACSIMILE, to model reaction-diffusion processes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daemen, LL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 83 EP 91 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500011 ER PT B AU Butt, DP Kanner, GS Daemen, LL Maloy, S Lillard, RS AF Butt, DP Kanner, GS Daemen, LL Maloy, S Lillard, RS BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI In situ studies of aqueous corrosion of target and structural materials in water irradiated by an 800 MeV proton beam SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB Radiation enhanced, aqueous corrosion of solid neutron-targets such as tungsten or tantalum, or target cladding or structural materials such as superalloys and stainless steels, is a significant concern in a variety accelerator systems and applications. In this paper we briefly describe our current methods for control and in situ monitoring of corrosion in accelerator cooling water loops. Using floating, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we have measured the corrosion rates of aluminum 6061, copper, Inconel 718, and 304L stainless steel in the flow loop of a water target irradiated by a milliamp, 800 MeV proton beam. Impedance spectroscopy allows us to model the corrosion process of a material as an equivalent electrical circuit. Thus, the polarization resistance, which is inversely proportional to the corrosion rate, can be extracted from the frequency response of a metal specimen. During a three month period of irradiation, without the use of corrosion mitigation techniques, we observed increases of several orders of magnitude in the water conductivity and the corrosion rates. The increase in corrosion is attributed to a build up of peroxide in our pseudo-closed loop system. In addition, we monitored the conductivity by EIS and carried out solution analyses of water in a loop containing a bundle of tungsten rods. The rods were irradiated directly by the same 800 MeV beam. It was found that for a freshly purged system, the conductivity increased approximately two orders of magnitude in one to a few days. Chemical analyses of the water in the loop showed the predominate ion to be tungsten. Using the tungsten ion concentrations, it was possible to calculate and correlate the theoretical conductivity with the measured conductivities. Thus, the change in conductivity was entirely attributable to tungsten dissolution. Consequently, we could estimate a non-conservative corrosion rate for the tungsten of 25 to 80 mu m/year. In this paper we also briefly describe our second generation experiments, scheduled to begin in early 1997. In these experiments we plan to measure the corrosion rates of tungsten, tantalum, Inconel 718, 316L and 304L stainless steel, HT-9 ferritic martensitic stainless steel, and aluminum 5053 and 6061. Two or three electrode probes of each material are being placed directly in the proton beam, in a high neutron flux region, or a significant distance from the high radiation area. We will be measuring corrosion rates, changes in pH and conductivity, controlling hydrogen water chemistry, and we will be establishing parameters for filtration and mitigation of corrosion. We will also discuss our ideas for making in situ measurements of water radiolysis using optical and laser diagnostic techniques. Using such techniques it is possible to directly observe the production of corrosive radiolysis products as well as corrosion products near the surface of a target in a high energy particle beam. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Butt, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500012 ER PT B AU Johnson, JO Barnes, JM Charlton, LA AF Johnson, JO Barnes, JM Charlton, LA BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Pre-conceptual design and preliminary neutronic analysis of the proposed national spallation neutron source (NSNS) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB The Department of Energy (DOE) has initiated a pre-conceptual design study for the National. Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS) and given preliminary approval for the proposed facility to be built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The pre-conceptual design of the NSNS initially consists of an accelerator system capable of delivering a 1 to 2 GeV proton beam with 1 MW of beam power in an approximate 0.5 mu s pulse at a 60 Hz frequency onto a single target station. The NSNS will be upgradable to a significantly higher power level with two target stations (a 60 Hz station and a 10 Hz station). There are many possible layouts and designs for the NSNS target stations. This paper gives a brief overview of the proposed NSNS with respect to the target station, as well as the general philosophy adopted for the neutronic design of the NSNS target stations. A reference design is presented, and some preliminary neutronic results for the NSNS are briefly discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johnson, JO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6363, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500015 ER PT B AU Ferguson, PD Russell, GJ Pitcher, EJ Court, JD AF Ferguson, PD Russell, GJ Pitcher, EJ Court, JD BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Calculated neutronic performance for the upgraded Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Center target system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB The upgraded MLNSC target system is designed to be a split target with two tiers of moderators. The original suite of four moderators serving twelve flight paths has been optimized and an additional pair of moderators, one water and one LH2, have been added in a new upper moderator tier serving four additional flight paths. The upper moderators are partially coupled and viewed in backscattering geometry, as opposed to the decoupled moderators in the existing MLNSC target system, which are viewed in transmission geometry. Fabrication of this new target system is currently in progress and installation is expected in 1998. The neutronic performance of the target system is presented in the form of time and energy spectra for each of the planned moderators with comparisons to the existing MLNSC moderators. Results of upper target length and reflector materials studies are presented as examples of the work completed in support of the new target system. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ferguson, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500016 ER PT B AU Maloy, SA Sommer, WF Brown, RD Roberts, JE Eddleman, J Zimmermann, E Willcutt, G AF Maloy, SA Sommer, WF Brown, RD Roberts, JE Eddleman, J Zimmermann, E Willcutt, G BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI Progress report on the accelerator production of tritium materials irradiation program SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB The Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project is developing an accelerator and a spallation neutron source capable of producing tritium through neutron capture on He-3. A high atomic weight target is used to produce neutrons that are then multiplied and moderated in a blanket prior to capture. Materials used in the target and blanket region of an APT facility will be subjected to several different and mixed particle radiation environments; high energy protons (1-2 GeV), protons in the 20 MeV range, high energy neutrons, and low energy neutrons, depending on position in the target and blanket. Flux levels exceed 10(14)/cm(2)s in some areas. The APT project is sponsoring an irradiation damage effects program that will generate the first database for materials exposed to high energy particles typical of spallation neutron sources. The program includes a number of candidate materials in small specimen and model component form and uses the Los Alamos Spallation Radiation Effects Facility (LASREF) at the 800 MeV, Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maloy, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Box 1663,MS H 805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500017 ER PT B AU Russell, GJ Weinacht, DJ Pitcher, EJ Ferguson, PD AF Russell, GJ Weinacht, DJ Pitcher, EJ Ferguson, PD BE Wechsler, MS Mansur, LK Snead, CL Sommer, WF TI A long pulse spallation source at Los Alamos: Facility description and preliminary neutronic performance for cold neutrons SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Spallation Neutron Sources CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Nucl Mat Comm AB The Los Alamos National Laboratory has discussed installing a new 1-MW spallation neutron target station in an existing building at the end of its 800-MeV proton linear accelerator. Because the accelerator provides pulses of protons each about 1 msec in duration, the new source would be a Long-Pulse Spallation Source (LPSS). The facility would employ vertical extraction of moderators and reflectors, and horizontal extraction of the spallation target. An LPSS uses coupled moderators rather than decoupled ones. There are potential gains of about a factor of 6 to 7 in the time-averaged neutron brightness for cold-neutron production from a coupled liquid H-2 moderator compared to a decoupled one. However, these gains come at the expense of putting "tails" on the neutron pulses. The particulars of the neutron pulses from a moderator (e.g., energy-dependent rise times, peak intensities, pulse widths, and decay constant(s) of the tails) are crucial parameters for designing instruments and estimating their performance at an LPSS. Tungsten is our reference target material. Inconel-718 is the reference target canister and proton beam window material, with Al-6061 being the choice for the liquid Ha moderator canister and vacuum container. A 1-MW LPSS would have world-class neutronic performance. We describe the proposed Los Alamos LPSS facility, and show that, for cold neutrons, the calculated time-averaged neutronic performance of a liquid H-2 moderator at the 1-MW LPSS is equivalent to about 1/4th the calculated neutronic performance of the best liquid D-2 moderator at the Institut Laue-Langevin reactor. We show that the time-averaged moderator neutronic brightness increases as the size of the moderator gets smaller. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Russell, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-361-9 PY 1998 BP 139 EP 149 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK48R UT WOS:000072315500018 ER PT B AU Melendres, CA AF Melendres, CA BE Natishan, PM Isaacs, HS JanikCzachor, M Macagno, VA Marcus, P Seo, M TI "In-situ" synchrotron studies of the passivation and localized corrosion of copper in aqueous solutions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON PASSIVITY AND ITS BREAKDOWN SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Passivity and its Breakdown at the 1st Joint International Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society/International-Society-of-Electrochemistry CY SEP 01-05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div AB Two new techniques for the "in-situ" study of passivation and localized corrosion which take advantage of high intensity infrared radiation and x-rays from a synchrotron source are described. Synchrotron Far Infrared Spectroscopy (SFIRS) has been demonstrated to be useful for the determination of the composition and structure of the passive films on copper in 0.1 M NaOH and in perchlorate solution containing SCN-. X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS) was used to investigate the localized corrosion (pitting) of copper in bicarbonate solution. The pits were found to have a short range correlation, rather than being randomly distributed on the surface. Pit size and depth distribution have been calculated from the intensity profile of the off-specular x-ray scattering. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Melendres, CA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-179-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 97 IS 26 BP 913 EP 924 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BL84D UT WOS:000076910000079 ER PT B AU Pellerin, L Reichhardt, D Daily, W Ramirez, A AF Pellerin, L Reichhardt, D Daily, W Ramirez, A BE Bell, RS Powers, MH Larson, T TI Verification of subsurface barriers using integrated geophysical techniques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems at the Annual Meeting of the Environmental-and-Engineering-Geophysical-Society CY MAR 22-26, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Environm Engn Geophys Soc AB During 1997 a suite of borehole geophysical surveys were completed at the Dover National Test Site (DNTS), Dover Air Force Base (DAFB) to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of geophysical methods in determining the areal extent of cement bentonite subsurface barriers. Two barriers were emplaced as vertical walls keyed into a clay aquitard with a modified jetting technique. These barriers are denoted as the 'shallow active' and 'deep passive' barriers extending to 5 and 13 m,respectively. The active and passive descriptors refer to the hydraulic and gaseous tracer work performed at the sites. Demonstrated methodologies included electromagnetic induction logging (EM), ground penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity (ER), and borehole seismic. The geophysical instruments were deployed from boreholes or permanently emplaced vertical electrode arrays (VEAs). The purpose of the work was to develop a robust methodology for the verification and monitoring of a subsurface barrier. Site characterization data were used to estimate the physical properties of the background host and laboratory measurements were performed to estimate the properties of the grout. Based on these data numerical models were computed for survey design and interpretation. Representative data and discussion for each of the methods are presented. Additionally, a brief discussion is presented on the site preparation activities. Preliminary results indicate that the GPR and ER methods are successful at imaging the areal extent of the barrier and assist with leak detection through ER monitoring of a salt water flood test. Future work will combine the information obtained from the geophysical measurements with the hydraulic and gaseous tracer results to produce a comprehensive understanding of the quality and performance of the barrier. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pellerin, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 USA PY 1998 BP 635 EP 643 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Geology GA BM36Q UT WOS:000078503000066 ER PT B AU Doll, WE AF Doll, WE BE Bell, RS Powers, MH Larson, T TI Reprocessing of shallow seismic reflection data to image faults near a hazardous waste site on the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICS TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Environmental and Engineering Problems at the Annual Meeting of the Environmental-and-Engineering-Geophysical-Society CY MAR 22-26, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Environm Engn Geophys Soc AB Shallow seismic reflection data from Bear Creek Valley on the Oak Ridge Reservation demonstrates that spectral balancing and tomographic refraction statics can be important processing tools for shallow seismic data. At this site, reprocessing of data which had previously yielded no useable CMP stacked sections was successful after application of these processing techniques. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Doll, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6400, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI WHEAT RIDGE PA 10200 W 44TH AVE #304, WHEAT RIDGE, CO 80033 USA PY 1998 BP 705 EP 714 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Geology GA BM36Q UT WOS:000078503000073 ER PT B AU Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A AF Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A BE Williams, RT Yen, WM TI Scaling of exciton binding energy in semiconductor quantum wells and wires SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXCITONIC PROCESSES IN CONDENSED MATTER - EXCON '98 SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Excitonic Processes in Condensed Matter (EXCON 98) / 194th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY NOV 01-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Electrochem Soc, Luminescence & Display Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, New Technol Subcomm ID WANNIER EXCITONS AB Rossi et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3527 (1996)] recently found a shape-independent hyperbolic scaling rule for the exciton binding energy versus the exciton Bohr radius in semiconductor quantum wires, and a constant virial theorem. which equals 4 for wires and 2 for wells. We re-examine this subject by calculating the exciton binding energy and the corresponding virial theorem value in quantum wells and wires with infinite confinement barriers and idealized geometries. It is found, in general, that (1) the virial theorem value is non-constant; thus, (2) the scaling rule is non-hyperbolic; (3) the virial theorem value is larger in a wire than in a well for a given exciton Bohr radius; (4) the origin of the shape-independent scaling rule for wires lies in the close similarity of the effective Coulomb potentials for wires with different shapes and widths; (5) there exists a more fundamental and practically useful shape-independent scaling rule. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-219-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 25 BP 222 EP 227 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Physics GA BM63J UT WOS:000079309400033 ER PT B AU Derenzo, SE Klintenberg, M Weber, MJ AF Derenzo, SE Klintenberg, M Weber, MJ BE Williams, RT Yen, WM TI Ab-initio computations of hole transport and excitonic processes in inorganic scintillators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXCITONIC PROCESSES IN CONDENSED MATTER - EXCON '98 SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Excitonic Processes in Condensed Matter (EXCON 98) / 194th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY NOV 01-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Electrochem Soc, Luminescence & Display Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, New Technol Subcomm ID LUMINESCENCE; CRYSTAL; PURE AB To guide-the continuing experimental search for improved scintillators for gamma-ray detection in medical imaging., we have used ab-initio quantum chemistry codes and high-performance computers to model processes critical for scintillation in inorganic crystals. These processes include the formation of lattice-relaxed holes, the diffusion of holes through the host crystal, and the formation of excited electronic states. Materials investigated thus far include CsI, Tl- and Na-activated CsI, and two lead compounds, PbF2, and PbF4. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Derenzo, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-219-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 25 BP 391 EP 402 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Physics GA BM63J UT WOS:000079309400058 ER PT B AU Day, RD Dickerson, R Maggiore, C Brooks, P Springer, R Carter, B Hatch, D Russell, PE Woodward, T Stark, T AF Day, RD Dickerson, R Maggiore, C Brooks, P Springer, R Carter, B Hatch, D Russell, PE Woodward, T Stark, T GP ASPE ASPE TI Subsurface damage in metals induced by the ploughing component of precision machining processes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Precision-Engineering CY OCT 25-30, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Soc Precis Engn, Elsevier Sci Inc, Photon Spectra C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Day, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-20-8 PY 1998 BP 29 EP 30 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS05J UT WOS:000168480300005 ER PT B AU Hale, LC AF Hale, LC GP ASPE ASPE TI Friction-based design of kinematic couplings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Precision-Engineering CY OCT 25-30, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Soc Precis Engn, Elsevier Sci Inc, Photon Spectra AB Friction affects several aspects important to the design of kinematic couplings, but particularly the ability to reach its centered position is fundamental.(1) It becomes centered when ail pairs of contacting surfaces are fully seated even though a small uncertainty may exist about the exact center where potential energy is minimum. For many applications, centering ability is a good indicator for optimizing the coupling design. Typically, the coupling design process has been largely heuristic based on a few guidelines [Slocum, 1992]. Several simple kinematic couplings (for example, a symmetric three-vee coupling) are compared for centering ability using closed-form equations. More general configurations lacking obvious symmetries are difficult to model in this way. A unique kinematic coupling for large interchangeable optics assemblies in the National Ignition Facility motivated the development of a computer program to optimize centering ability. However, space limits the description of the program to the basic algorithm. Currently the program is written in Mathcad (TM) Plus 6 and is available upon request(2). C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hale, LC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-20-8 PY 1998 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS05J UT WOS:000168480300009 ER PT B AU Krulewich, D Hauschildt, H AF Krulewich, D Hauschildt, H GP ASPE ASPE TI Spatial frequency domain error budget SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Precision-Engineering CY OCT 25-30, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Soc Precis Engn, Elsevier Sci Inc, Photon Spectra AB The aim of this paper is to describe a methodology for designing and characterizing machines used to manufacture or inspect parts with spatial-frequency-based specifications. At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, one of our responsibilities is to design or select the appropriate machine tools to produce advanced optical and weapons systems. Recently, many of the component tolerances for these systems have been specified in terms of the spatial frequency content of residual errors on the surface. We typically use an error budget as a sensitivity analysis tool to ensure that the parts manufactured by a machine will meet the specified component tolerances. Error budgets provide the formalism whereby we account for all sources of uncertainty in a process, and sum them to arrive at a net prediction of how "precisely" a manufactured component can meet a target specification, Using the error budget, we are able to minimize risk during initial stages by ensuring that the machine will produce components that meet specifications before the machine is actually built or purchased. However, the current error budgeting procedure provides no formal mechanism for designing machines that can produce parts with spatial-frequency-based specifications. The output from the current error budgeting procedure is a single number estimating the net worst case or RMS error on the work piece. This procedure has limited ability to differentiate between low spatial frequency form errors versus high frequency surface finish errors. Therefore the current error budgeting procedure can lead us to reject a machine that is adequate or accept a machine that is inadequate. This paper will describe a new error budgeting methodology to aid in the design and characterization of machines used to manufacture or inspect parts with spatial-frequency-based specifications The output from this new procedure is the continuous spatial frequency content of errors that result on a machined part. if the machine does not meet specifications, the procedure identifies the sources of the critical errors. We would then evaluate these errors and either reduce the errors through design improvements or modifications to cutting parameters (spindle speed, feed, etc.) or select a different candidate machine if improvements were not practical. RP Krulewich, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-20-8 PY 1998 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS05J UT WOS:000168480300010 ER PT B AU Hibbard, RL Norton, M Wegner, P AF Hibbard, RL Norton, M Wegner, P GP ASPE ASPE TI Design and manufacturability of an optic array with micron and micro-radian tolerances for a 30 year system life span SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Precision-Engineering CY OCT 25-30, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Soc Precis Engn, Elsevier Sci Inc, Photon Spectra DE frequency conversion; manufacturing; optic mounts; National Ignition Facility AB Performance requirements for an optic array led to a unique precision mount design. which incorporates a full edge support of three large square optics to micron and micro-radian tolerances. The sub-system required performance level versus cost over the mount life cycle led to many design trade-offs and resulted in the monolithic cell that passively mounts the optics. Manufacturability of the mount lands to meet both performance and cost requirements was a major design hurdle. The design philosophy employed is to build all the optic mount requirements in a single cell that does not require adjustments to the individual optics as mounted. This philosophy requires additional effort up-front in the manufacturing set-up but lowers the assembly, alignment, operations and maintenance costs over the 30 year system life. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) being constructed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is a 1.8 MJ high peak power laser focusing 192 laser beams on a 10 mm target. The final optical component is a frequency converter consisting of two potassium dihydrogern phosphate (KDP) crystals to convert light from 1053 mum to third harmonic at 351 mum and the focusing lens. The Final Optics Cell (FOC) houses two 41 cm square KDP crystals and a 43 cm square focusing lens with fully supported edge mounts. The square optics are required to minimize space requirements for 192 beamlines. Issues with the mount design include: maintaining the surface figure of the 2 mum flat 41 cm square crystals, minimizing stresses induced to the crystal (stress optic effects), gravity sag, cleanliness, damage to the crystals and inspection of the crystal as mounted. Prototype results show the manufacturability of the final optics cell design. The first prototypes were fabricated to 4.25 +/-0.25 mum surface figure over the mount lands at commercial vendors using conventional machine tools with no added machine tool environmental controls. This was done with careful characterization of the machine tool and controlling the machining process. The final land surface figure, which has been shown not to cause any distortion or stress into the crystal, will be improved on successive prototypes to a 3-4 micron surface figure. Interferometry and finite element analysis show the stress optic and surface figure variation effects on the frequency conversion process. Performance results of the cell on Beamlet, a demonstration facility for one beamline of NIF, show the performance of the converter design. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hibbard, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-20-8 PY 1998 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS05J UT WOS:000168480300057 ER PT B AU Taylor, JS Sommargren, GE Sweeney, DW Hudyma, RM AF Taylor, JS Sommargren, GE Sweeney, DW Hudyma, RM GP ASPE ASPE TI The fabrication and testing of optics for EUV projection Lithography SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Precision-Engineering CY OCT 25-30, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Soc Precis Engn, Elsevier Sci Inc, Photon Spectra C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Taylor, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-395, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-20-8 PY 1998 BP 252 EP 255 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS05J UT WOS:000168480300059 ER PT B AU Winters, SE Arnold, T Bliss, ES Bergum, J Kartz, MA Salmon, JT Stolz, CJ Van Wonterghen, BM Wegner, PJ Weinzapfel, C Whistler, W Zacharias, RA AF Winters, SE Arnold, T Bliss, ES Bergum, J Kartz, MA Salmon, JT Stolz, CJ Van Wonterghen, BM Wegner, PJ Weinzapfel, C Whistler, W Zacharias, RA GP ASPE ASPE TI Design overview of a prototype large aperture deformable mirror for the National Ignition Facility SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Precision-Engineering CY OCT 25-30, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Soc Precis Engn, Elsevier Sci Inc, Photon Spectra AB A large aperture prototype deformable min-or was designed, fabricated and tested at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for future application to the National Ignition Facility (NIF). To our knowledge, this development produced the largest aperture continuos surface deformable mirror adaptive optic system ever for a mega-Joule class laser and target irradiation facility. Experimental results, collected while operating the deformable mirror in a laboratory environment and on Beamlet, a NIF single beam prototype, demonstrate the value of a large aperture deformable mirror and that it can be predictably designed, built and operated as an alternative to making a "perfect" optical system. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Winters, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-20-8 PY 1998 BP 256 EP 259 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS05J UT WOS:000168480300060 ER PT B AU Salzer, L Day, RD Elliott, N Foreman, LR Margevicius, RW Salazar, M Townsend, J AF Salzer, L Day, RD Elliott, N Foreman, LR Margevicius, RW Salazar, M Townsend, J GP ASPE ASPE TI Machining beryllium spheres and shells for ignition capsule applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Precision-Engineering CY OCT 25-30, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Soc Precis Engn, Elsevier Sci Inc, Photon Spectra C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Salzer, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-20-8 PY 1998 BP 346 EP 349 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS05J UT WOS:000168480300084 ER PT B AU Tajbakhsh, H Hale, L Malsbury, T Jensen, S Parker, J AF Tajbakhsh, H Hale, L Malsbury, T Jensen, S Parker, J GP ASPE ASPE TI Three-degree-of-freedom optic mount for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Precision-Engineering CY OCT 25-30, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Soc Precis Engn, Elsevier Sci Inc, Photon Spectra DE precision stage; flexure; kinematic design; parallel link manipulator; error budget; thermal stability; EUVL AB A mechanism to finely align optics for extreme ultraviolet lithography applications is presented. The mechanism is a small motion parallel link manipulator with flexure joints that exhibits nanometer level positioning capability. Performance results of a prototype system are given in this paper. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tajbakhsh, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-20-8 PY 1998 BP 359 EP 362 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS05J UT WOS:000168480300088 ER PT B AU Hibbard, RL Michie, RB Summers, MD Liou, LW AF Hibbard, RL Michie, RB Summers, MD Liou, LW GP ASPE ASPE TI Development of a metrology instrument for mapping the crystallographic axis in large optics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Precision-Engineering CY OCT 25-30, 1998 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Soc Precis Engn, Elsevier Sci Inc, Photon Spectra DE crystallographic axis; autocollimation; metrology frame; optical mounting; optical testing; National Ignition Facility AB A metrology instrument has been developed to scan crystals and map the peak tuning angles for frequency conversion from the infrared to the ultra violet over large apertures. The need for such a device emerged from the National Ignition Facility (NIF) program where frequency conversion crystals have been found to have significant crystallographic axis wander at the large NIF aperture size of 41 cm square. With only limited access to a large aperture laser system capable of testing these crystals, scientists have been unable to determine which crystal life-cycle components most affect these angular anomalies. A system that can scan crystals with a small diameter probe laser beam and deliver microradian accuracy and repeatability from probe point to probe point is needed. The Crystal Alignment Verification Equipment (CAVE) is the instrument designed to meet these needs and fit into the budget and time constraints of the ongoing NIF development. In order to measure NIF crystals, the CAVE has a workspace of 50 x 50 cm and an angular measurement accuracy of 10 mu radians. Other precision requirements are probe beam energy measurement to 2% of peak, thermal control to 20 +/- 0.1 degreesC around the crystal, crystal mounting surface flatness of 1 mum over 40 cm square, and clean operations to Class 100 standards. Crystals are measured in a vertical position in a kinematic mount capable of tuning the crystal to 1 mu radian. The mirrors steering the probe beam can be aligned to the same precision. Making tip/tilt mounts with microradian level adjustment is relatively commonplace. The real precision engineering challenge of the CAVE system is maintaining the angular alignment accuracy of the probe laser relative to the crystal for each spatial position to be measured. The design team determined that a precision XY stage with the required workspace and angular accuracy would be prohibitive to develop under the given tight time constraints. Instead the CAVE uses commercially available slides and makes up for their inaccuracies with metrology. The key to the CAVE device is referencing all angular measurements relative to a master reference surface. The angles of the probe laser and the crystal mount are measured relative to a 61 cm optical flat for every spatial location. Autocollimation and imaging are used to achieve the microradian angular precision. Slide errors are removed by alignment of the crystal and the beam for each new probe point through active feedback from the autocollimation system. The first prototype CAVE system is being constructed and tested at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The mechanical and optical errors are being measured and analyzed to verify the critical performance specification of 10 mu radians. Others facing the same challenge of designing point-to-point probe system for measuring optical axes can use the knowledge gained from this design. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hibbard, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-20-8 PY 1998 BP 467 EP 470 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS05J UT WOS:000168480300113 ER PT S AU O'Gorman, CC Ingersoll, D Jungst, RG Paez, TL AF O'Gorman, CC Ingersoll, D Jungst, RG Paez, TL BE Dolk, DR TI Artificial neural network simulation of battery performance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIRST HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, VOL V: MODELING TECHNOLOGIES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TRACK SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-31) CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL KOHALA COAST, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm AB Although they appear deceptively simple, batteries embody a complex set of interacting physical and chemical processes. While the discrete engineering characteristics of a battery, such as the physical dimensions of the individual components, are relatively straightforward to define explicitly, their myriad chemical and physical processes, including interactions, are much more difficult to accurately represent. For this reason, development of analytical models that can consistently predict the performance of a battery has only been partially successful, even though significant resources have been applied to this problem. As an alternative approach, we have begun development of non-phenomenological models for battery systems based on artificial neural networks. This paper describes initial feasibility studies as well as current models and makes comparisons between predicted and actual performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 0-8186-8255-8 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 1998 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BK43G UT WOS:000072157400014 ER PT S AU Yow, TG Grubb, JW Jennings, SV AF Yow, TG Grubb, JW Jennings, SV BE Watson, HJ TI Managing data warehouse metadata using the Web: A Web-based DBA maintenance tool suite SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIRST HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, VOL VI: ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY TRACK SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-31) CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL KOHALA COAST, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), which is associated with NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), provides access to datasets used in environmental research. As a data warehouse for NASA, the ORNL DAAC archives and distributes data from NASA's ground-based field experiments. In order to manage its large and diverse data holdings, the DAAC has mined metadata that is stored in several Sybase databases. However, the task of managing the metadata itself has become such a complicated task that the DAAC has developed a Web-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) called the DBA Maintenance Tool Suite. This Web-based tool allows the DBA to maintain the DAAC's metadata databases with the click of a mouse button. This tool greatly reduces the complexities of database maintenance and facilitates the task of data delivery to the DAAC's user community. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 0-8186-8255-8 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 1998 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BK43H UT WOS:000072158000008 ER PT S AU Papadopoulos, PM Kohl, JA Semeraro, BD AF Papadopoulos, PM Kohl, JA Semeraro, BD BE ElRewini, H TI CUMULVS: Extending a generic steering and visualization middleware for application fault-tolerance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIRST HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, VOL VII: SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY TRACK SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-31) CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL KOHALA COAST, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm AB CUMULVS is a middleware library that provides application programmers with a simple API for describing viewable and steerable fields in large-scale distributed simulations. These descriptions provide the data type, a logical name of the field/parameter, and the mapping of global indices to local indices (processor and physical storage) for distributed data fields. The CUMULVS infrastructure uses these descriptions to allow an arbitrary number of front-end "viewer" programs to dynamically attach to a running simulation, select one or more fields for visualization, and update steerable variables. (Viewer programs can be built using commercial visualization software such as AVS or custom software based on GUI interface builders like Tcl/Tk.) Although these data field descriptions require a small effort on the part of the application programmer, the payoff is a high degree of flexibility for the infrastructure and end-user. This flexibility has allowed us to extend the infrastructure to include "application-directed" checkpointing, where the application determines the essential state that must be saved for a restart. This has the advantage that checkpoints can be smaller and made portable across heterogeneous architectures using the semantic description information that can be included in the checkpoint file. Because many technical difficulties, such as efficient I/O handling and time-coherency of data, are shared between visualization and checkpointing, it is advantageous to leverage a checkpoint/restart system against a visualization/steering infrastructure. Also, because CUMULVS "understands" parallel data distributions, efficient parallel checkpointing is achievable with a minimal amount of effort on the programmer's part. However, application scientists must still determine what makes up the Essential state needed for an application restart and provide the proper logic for restarting from a checkpoint versus normal startup. This paper will outline the structure and communication protocols used by CUMULVS for visualization and steering. We will develop the similarities and differences between user-directed checkpointing and CUMULVS-based visualization. Finally, these concepts will be illustrated using a large synthetic seismic dataset code. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 0-8186-8255-8 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 1998 BP 127 EP 136 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BK43J UT WOS:000072158800015 ER PT S AU Luo, Y AF Luo, Y BE ElRewini, H TI Shared memory vs. message passing: the COMOPS Benchmark experiment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIRST HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, VOL VII: SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY TRACK SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-31) CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL KOHALA COAST, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm AB This paper presents the comparison of the COMOPS benchmark performance in MPI and shared memory on three different shared memory platforms: the DEC AlphaServer 8400/300, the SCI Power Challenge, and the HP-Convex Exemplar SPP1600. The paper also qualitatively analyzes the obtained performance data based on an understanding of the corresponding architecture and the MPI implementations. Some conclusions are made for the inter-processor communication performance on these three shared memory platforms. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp CIC 19, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 0-8186-8255-8 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 1998 BP 494 EP 503 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BK43J UT WOS:000072158800054 ER PT S AU Gustafson, JL Todi, R AF Gustafson, JL Todi, R BE ElRewini, H TI Conventional benchmarks as a sample of the performance spectrum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIRST HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, VOL VII: SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY TRACK SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-31) CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL KOHALA COAST, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm AB Most benchmarks are smaller than actual application programs. One reason is to improve benchmark universality by demanding resources every computer is likely to have. But risers dynamically increase the size of application programs to match the power available, whereas most benchmarks are static and of a size appropriate for computers available when the benchmark was created; this is particularly true for parallel computers, Thus, the benchmark overstates computer performance, since smaller problems spend more time in cache, Scalable benchmarks, such as HINT, examine the full spectrum of performance through various memory regimes, and express a superset of the information given by any particular fixed size benchmark, Using 5,000 experimental measurements, we have found that performance on the NAS Parallel Benchmarks, SPEC, LINPACK, and other benchmarks is predicted accurately bg subsets of HINT performance curve. Correlations are typically better than 0.995, and predicted ranking is often perfect. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 0-8186-8255-8 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 1998 BP 514 EP 523 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BK43J UT WOS:000072158800056 ER PT S AU Crandall, PE Leichtl, J AF Crandall, PE Leichtl, J BE ElRewini, H TI Performance of distributed memory methods in multiprocessing clusters SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIRST HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES, VOL VII: SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY TRACK SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-31) CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL KOHALA COAST, HI SP Univ Hawaii, Coll Business Adm AB The availability of multiprocessing workstations offers the opportunity to simultaneously apply both shared- and distributed-memory parallel processing techniques to a single application. It has been assumed that using the data-sharing formalisms native to the specific machine would yield performance superior to those obtained with a more general message-passing system, We compared the performance of pure message-passing methods with a combination of message-passing and shared-memory data sharing techniques and found that the benefit of the added complexity of dual-level programming is negligible or non-existent. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1060-3425 BN 0-8186-8255-8 J9 P ANN HICSS PY 1998 BP 542 EP 543 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA BK43J UT WOS:000072158800059 ER PT S AU Kelley, B AF Kelley, B BE Landauer, C Bellman, KL TI Implementing a gesture language to interface with a virtual sculptor: Practice and pitfalls SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIRTUAL WORLDS AND SIMULATION CONFERENCE (VWSIM'98) SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Virtual Worlds and Simulation Conference (VWSIM 98) at the 1998 Western MultiConference CY JAN 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE gesture recognition; controller; virtual reality AB The popular perception for the holy grail of virtual reality is an environment that allows users to interact with an artificial environment exactly like they would interact with the real world. This popular metaphor creates both unreasonable expectations and channels effort improperly. This paper introduces a virtual sculpting system that was initially designed to mimic real world sculpting gestures but instead became an exercise in deciding which aspects of creating virtual worlds that mimic physical worlds may hinder the usefulness of such systems. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelley, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-137-0 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN53E UT WOS:000082157900032 ER PT S AU Rocha, LM Joslyn, C AF Rocha, LM Joslyn, C BE Landauer, C Bellman, KL TI Simulations of embodied evolving semiosis: Emergent semantics in artificial environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIRTUAL WORLDS AND SIMULATION CONFERENCE (VWSIM'98) SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Virtual Worlds and Simulation Conference (VWSIM 98) at the 1998 Western MultiConference CY JAN 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int AB As we enter this amazing new world of artificial and virtual systems and environments in the context of human communities, we are interested in the development of systems and environments which have the capacity to grow and evolve their own meanings in the context of this community of interaction. In this paper we analyze the necessary conditions to achieve systems and environments with these properties: 1) a coupled interaction between a system and its environment; 2) an environment with sufficient initial richness and structure to allow for; 3) embodied emergent classification of that environment-system coupling; 4) which is subject to pragmatic selection. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rocha, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-137-0 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN53E UT WOS:000082157900037 ER PT S AU Argo, PE AF Argo, PE BE Landauer, C Bellman, KL TI An integrated security system that combines expert systems and adaptive technologies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIRTUAL WORLDS AND SIMULATION CONFERENCE (VWSIM'98) SE SIMULATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Virtual Worlds and Simulation Conference (VWSIM 98) at the 1998 Western MultiConference CY JAN 11-14, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Comp Simulat Int DE anomaly detection; adaptive processing; artificial intelligence AB The Adaptive Multisensor Integrated Security System is a system designed to provide security for Nuclear Facilities. It is designed to detect deviations in facility personnel behavior that might indicate that nuclear material is being stolen. This anomaly detection will be done by combining expert systems and adaptive algorithms in a distributed and heirarchical reasoning system. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Argo, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0735-9276 BN 1-56555-137-0 J9 SIMUL SERIES PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 239 EP 240 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN53E UT WOS:000082157900038 ER PT B AU Jubin, RT Lee, DD Beahm, EC Collins, JL Davidson, DJ Egan, BZ Mattus, AJ Spence, RD Walker, JF AF Jubin, RT Lee, DD Beahm, EC Collins, JL Davidson, DJ Egan, BZ Mattus, AJ Spence, RD Walker, JF GP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV TI Tank waste treatment R&D activities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON LONG-LIVED RADIONUCLIDE CHEMISTRY IN NUCLEAR WASTE TREATMENT SE OECD PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Long-Lived Radionuclide Chemistry in Nuclear Waste Treatment CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL VILLENEUVE LES AVIGNON, FRANCE SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Nucl Energy Agcy, Commissariat & Energie Atom AB Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) served as the pilot plant for the Hanford production facility during the 1940s. As a result, the waste contained in the ORNL, storage tanks has similarities to waste found at other sites, but it is typically 10 to 100 times less radioactive. It is estimated that nearly 4.9 million litres of legacy waste is stored on the site of ORNL. Of this volume about one-fifth is transuranic sludges. The remainder of the waste volume is classified as low-level waste. The waste contains approximately 130,000 Ci, composed primarily of Cs-137, Sr-90, and small amounts of other fission products. The wastes were originally acidic in nature but were neutralised using Na2CO3, NaOH, or CaO to allow their storage in tanks constructed of carbon steel or concrete (Gunite). In addition to the legacy waste, about 57,000 L of concentrated waste is generated annually, which contains about 13,000 Ci, consisting primarily of Cs-137, Sr-90, and small amounts of other fission products[1]. As part of the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Environmental Management Tanks Focus Area and Efficient Separations and Processing programs, a number of tasks are under way at ORNL to address the wastes currently stored in tanks across the DOE complex. This paper summarises the efforts in three of these tasks: (1) the treatment of the tank supernatant to remove Cs, Tc, and Sr; (2) the leaching or washing of the sludges to reduce the volume of waste to be vitrified; and (3) the immobilisation of the sludges. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jubin, RT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-16148-1 J9 OECD PROC PY 1998 BP 21 EP 37 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN69H UT WOS:000082613900002 ER PT B AU Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK AF Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK GP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV TI X-ray absorption fine structure studies of Tc-99 speciation in cements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON LONG-LIVED RADIONUCLIDE CHEMISTRY IN NUCLEAR WASTE TREATMENT SE OECD PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Long-Lived Radionuclide Chemistry in Nuclear Waste Treatment CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL VILLENEUVE LES AVIGNON, FRANCE SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Nucl Energy Agcy, Commissariat & Energie Atom ID TECHNETIUM; RHENIUM AB Tc-99, which has a half-life of 2.1x10(5) years, is found in waste solutions as the highly soluble pertechnetate anion, TcO4-. In the United States, estimates of the amount of Tc-99 are 1310 kg (22720 Ci) in the Hanford tanks and a comparable amount at the Savannah River site. Long term disposal options for Tc-99 include immobilisation in glass and in cement-based waste forms. Because of the high solubility of the TcO4- anion in aqueous solution, it can readily be mobilised into the environment by dissolution or leaching from various waste forms. Processes are being developed to immobilise Tc in a lower oxidation state so that the possibility of leaching from the waste form is reduced. Cement waste forms containing TcO4- have been prepared using various reductants and curing times. X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy (XAFS) techniques have been utilised to characterise the oxidation state and to identify the Tc species. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been used to quantify the reduction of TcO4- and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy has been applied for the characterisation of the reduced species. Addition of blast furnace slag (BFS) or the reducing agents FeS, Na2S, and NaH2PO2 to the cement formulation produced extensive reduction of TcO4-, while the compounds FeO, Fe3O4, and Mn3O4 were observed to be unreactive. The extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data for the BFS, Na2S, and FeS treated cements indicated the presence of Tc clusters possessing first shell S co-ordination. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Allen, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-16148-1 J9 OECD PROC PY 1998 BP 63 EP 74 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN69H UT WOS:000082613900005 ER PT B AU Berg, JM Veirs, DK Vaughn, RB Cisneros, MR Smith, CA AF Berg, JM Veirs, DK Vaughn, RB Cisneros, MR Smith, CA GP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV TI Plutonium (IV) complexation by nitrate in acid solutions of ionic strengths from 2 to 19 molal SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON LONG-LIVED RADIONUCLIDE CHEMISTRY IN NUCLEAR WASTE TREATMENT SE OECD PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Long-Lived Radionuclide Chemistry in Nuclear Waste Treatment CY JUN 18-20, 1997 CL VILLENEUVE LES AVIGNON, FRANCE SP Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Nucl Energy Agcy, Commissariat & Energie Atom ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Nitrate complexation of Pu(IV) in titrations of Pu(IV) with HNO3 in eight series of aqueous HClO4 solutions ranging in ionic strength from 2 to 19 molal were followed using absorption spectrophotometry. The Pu 5f-5f spectra in the visible and near IR range change with complex formation. At each ionic strength, a series of spectra were obtained by varying nitrate concentration. Each series was deconvoluted into spectra of Pu4+(aq), Pu(NO3)(3+) and Pu(NO3)(2)(2+) complexes, and simultaneously their formation constants were determined. When corrected for the incomplete dissociation of nitric acid, the ionic strength dependence of each formation constant can be described by two parameters, beta degrees and Delta epsilon using the formulae of specific ion interaction theory. The difficulties with extending this analysis to higher nitrate co-ordination numbers are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berg, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-16148-1 J9 OECD PROC PY 1998 BP 111 EP 121 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN69H UT WOS:000082613900009 ER PT B AU Carlson, J AF Carlson, J BE Horiuchi, H Kamimura, M Toki, H Fujiwara, Y Matsuo, M Sakuragi, Y TI Progress and prospects in quantum Monte Carlo studies of light nuclei SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XVII RCNP INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INNOVATIVE COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN NUCLEAR MANY-BODY PROBLEMS: TOWARDS A NEW GENERATION OF PHYSICS IN FINITE QUANTUM SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVII RCNP International Symposium on Innovative Computational Methods in Nuclear Many-Body Problems (INNOCOM97) CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys AB I describe recent progress in calculating properties of light (A less than or equal to 8) nuclei starting with realistic two- and three-nucleon interactions. Variational and Green's function Monte Carlo methods are used to study few-nucleon spectra and structure, to directly calculate low-energy reactions, and to determine the nuclear response to electromagnetic probes. Recent algorithmic developments and future physics prospects will be highlighted. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. RP Carlson, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3523-2 PY 1998 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BM18A UT WOS:000077916400007 ER PT B AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ BE Horiuchi, H Kamimura, M Toki, H Fujiwara, Y Matsuo, M Sakuragi, Y TI Computational nuclear structure: Challenges, rewards, and prospects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XVII RCNP INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INNOVATIVE COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN NUCLEAR MANY-BODY PROBLEMS: TOWARDS A NEW GENERATION OF PHYSICS IN FINITE QUANTUM SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVII RCNP International Symposium on Innovative Computational Methods in Nuclear Many-Body Problems (INNOCOM97) CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys AB The shell model Monte Carlo technique(SMMC) transforms the traditional nuclear shell model problem into a path-integral over auxilliary fields. Applications of the method to studies of various properties of Ip-shell nuclei, including Gamow-Teller strengths and distributions, are reviewed. Part of the future of nuclear structure physics lies in the study of nuclei far from beta-stability. I will discuss preleminary work on proton deficient Xe isotopes, and on neutron rich nuclei in the sd-fp shells. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3523-2 PY 1998 BP 76 EP 84 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BM18A UT WOS:000077916400009 ER PT B AU Csoto, A AF Csoto, A BE Horiuchi, H Kamimura, M Toki, H Fujiwara, Y Matsuo, M Sakuragi, Y TI Nuclear physics input for solar models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XVII RCNP INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INNOVATIVE COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN NUCLEAR MANY-BODY PROBLEMS: TOWARDS A NEW GENERATION OF PHYSICS IN FINITE QUANTUM SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVII RCNP International Symposium on Innovative Computational Methods in Nuclear Many-Body Problems (INNOCOM97) CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys AB We discuss microscopic cluster model descriptions of two solar nuclear reactions, Be-7(p, gamma)B-8 and He-3(He-3, 2p)He-4. The low-energy reaction cross section of Be-7(p, gamma)B-8, which determines the high-energy solar neutrino flux, is constrained by 7Be and 8B observables. Our results show that a small value of the zero-energy cross section is rather unlikely. In 3He(3He, 2p)4He we study the effects of a possible virtual state on the cross section. Although, we have found no indication for such a state so far, its existence cannot be ruled out yet. We calculate the He-3(He-3, 2p)He-4 and H-3(H-3, 2n)He-4 cross sections in a continuum-discretized coupled channel approximation, and find a good general agreement with the data. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Csoto, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3523-2 PY 1998 BP 214 EP 222 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BM18A UT WOS:000077916400036 ER PT B AU Downs, JL Black, RA AF Downs, JL Black, RA BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Leaf surface characteristics and gas exchange in Artemisia tridentata subspecies wyomingensis and tridentata SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE AB Leaf surface and gas exchange characteristics were examined in 3-year old plants of two subspecies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) growing in a common garden in southeastern Washington. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and subsequent image analysis revealed larger cell size in the tetraploid Wyoming big sagebrush (subspecies wyomingensis) resulting in larger stomata. In the diploid basin big sagebrush (subspecies tridentata), epidermal cells are smaller, so a significantly greater number of trichomes and stomata occur per unit leaf area. Photosynthetic rates measured in spring and summer months were not significantly different between subspecies; however, basin big sagebrush consistently exhibited higher transpiration rates. Wyoming big sagebrush with fewer stomata and trichomes per unit leaf may more efficiently regulate gas exchange processes under high evaporative demand. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Downs, JL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 108 EP 112 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500019 ER PT B AU Murray, CJ Cadwell, LL Downs, JL Simmons, MA AF Murray, CJ Cadwell, LL Downs, JL Simmons, MA BE Mcarthur, ED Ostler, WK TI Fusing vegetation data sets to provide a spatial analysis of sage grouse habitat on the Army's Yakima Training Center SO PROCEEDINGS : SHRUBLAND ECOTONES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Wildland Shrub Symposium - Shrubland Ecotones CY AUG 12-14, 1998 CL SNOW COLLEGE, EPHRAIM, UT HO SNOW COLLEGE AB Resource and land managers need better methods for deriving detailed spatial environmental data to support resource management decisions. This paper presents a case study for the U.S. Army's Yakima Training Center (YTC) that demonstrates the fusion of plot-level field data with a detailed land/vegetation cover map to describe habitat characteristics across cover types. An advanced geostatistical algorithm, sequential Gaussian simulation with locally varying means,was used to fuse field data on vegetation parameters with Geographic Information System (GIS) data on vegetation cover types present at the study site and provide spatial interpolation of the data. The resulting vegetation data raster layers were used to develop a spatial habitat suitability index (HSI) for the western subspecies of sage grouse on the YTC. Using an HSI allows ecologists and site managers to examine the spatial distribution of areas that provide suitable habitat for sage grouse. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Appl Geol & Geochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Murray, CJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Appl Geol & Geochem Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 1998 IS 11 BP 200 EP 205 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BP39H UT WOS:000084980500034 ER PT B AU Hale, T Asaki, T Telschow, K Hoffer, J AF Hale, T Asaki, T Telschow, K Hoffer, J BE Bossi, RH Pepper, DM TI Ultrasonic vibration modal analysis of ICF targets using a photorefractive optical lock-in SO PROCESS CONTROL AND SENSORS FOR MANUFACTURING SE SPIE PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Process Control and Sensors for Manufacturing CY MAR 31-APR 01, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Int Soc Optical Engn, FAA, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Fed Highway Adm DE vibration modal analysis; inertial confinement fusion; resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy; photorefractive lock-in AB A photorefractive optical lock-in is discussed in relation to ultrasonic vibration modal analysis of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. In this preliminary report, the method is used to analyze specimens with similiar response characteristics to ICF targets with emphasis on both the displacement and frequency resolution of the technique. The experimental method, based on photorefractive frequency domain processing, utilizes a synchronous detection approach to measure phase variations in light scattered from optically rough, continuously vibrating surfaces with very high, linear sensitivity. In this photorefractive four-wave mixing technique, a small, point image of the object surface (containing frequency modulation due to vibration) is made to interfere with a uniform, frequency modulated reference beam inside a Bismith Silicon Oxide crystal. Optical interference and the photorefractive effect of electronic charge redistribution leads to the formation of a refractive index grating in the medium that responds to the modulated beams at a frequency equal to the difference between the signal and reference frequencies. By retro-reflecting the reference beam back into the crystal, a diffracted beam, counter-propagating with respect to the original transmitted beam, is generated. Using a beamsplitter, the counter-propagating beam can be picked-off and deflected toward a photodetector. The intensity of this diffracted beam is shown to be a function of the first-order ordinary Bessel function, and therefore linearly dependent on the vibration displacement induced phase modulation depth delta, for small delta(delta<4 pi xi/lambda<<1) where xi is the vibration displacement and lambda is the source wavelength; analytical description and experimental verification of this linear response are given. The technique is applied to determine the modal characteristics of a rigidly clamped disc (sand-blasted stainless steel) from 10 kHz to 100 kHz, a frequency range similar to that used to characterize ICF targets. The results demonstrate the unique capabilities of the photorefractive optical lock-in to detect and to measure vibration signals with very narrow bandwidth (<1 Hz) and high displacement sensitivity (similar to 2 picometer at a signal-to-noise ratio of 1). This level of displacement sensitivity is particularly important in detecting changes in vibrational mode shapes and frequencies that might be associated with asymmetries in ICF targets. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nondestruct Testing & Evaluat Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hale, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nondestruct Testing & Evaluat Team, MS C914, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-2848-5 J9 SPIE PROC SER PY 1998 VL 3399 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.302541 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BK72Z UT WOS:000073241600012 ER PT S AU Redmond, J Barney, P Smith, T Darnold, J AF Redmond, J Barney, P Smith, T Darnold, J BE Toprac, AJ Dang, K TI Development and testing of an active platen for IC manufacturing SO PROCESS, EQUIPMENT, AND MATERIALS CONTROL IN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT MANUFACTURING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Process, Equipment, and Materials Control in Integrated Circuit Manufacturing IV CY SEP 23-24, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE integrated circuit; photolithography; magnetic levitation; vibration suppression; active control AB The conflicting demands for finer features and increased production rates in integrated circuit manufacturing have emphasized the need for improved wafer positioning technology. In this paper we present operational test results from a magnetically levitated platen with structurally integrated piezoelectric actuators. The strain based actuators provide active damping of the platen's flexible body modes, enabling increased bandwidth on the mag-lev positioning system. Test results reveal a dramatic reduction in steady state positioning error and settling time through implementation of active vibration control. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9234, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Redmond, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9234, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2966-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3507 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.324353 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BL83U UT WOS:000076894500007 ER PT B AU Zhu, YT Valdez, JA Shi, N Lovato, ML Stout, MG Zhou, SJ Blumenthal, WR Lowe, TC AF Zhu, YT Valdez, JA Shi, N Lovato, ML Stout, MG Zhou, SJ Blumenthal, WR Lowe, TC BE Li, BQ TI Influence of reinforcement morphology on the mechanical properties of short-fiber composites SO PROCESSING OF METALS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS: MODELING, DESIGN AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Processing of Metals and Advanced Materials - Modeling, Design and Properties at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div, Synthesis Control & Anal Mat Proc Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div, Synthesis Control & Analy Mat Proc Comm AB A major problem of short-fiber composites is that the interfaces between the fiber and matrix become a limiting factor in improving mechanical properties such as strength. For a short fiber, a strong interface is desired to effectively transfer load from matrix to fiber, thus reducing the ineffective fiber length. However, a strong interface will make it difficult to relieve fiber stress concentration in front of an approaching crack. Stress concentrations result in fiber breakage. We report in this paper an innovative approach to overcome this problem: reinforcement morphology design. Short-fibers with enlarged ends are processed and used to reinforce a polyester matrix. The initial results show that the bone-shaped short-fibers produce a composite with significantly higher strength than can be attained with conventional short, straight fibers. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-395-3 PY 1998 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK53P UT WOS:000072467400023 ER PT S AU Whealton, JH Olsen, DK Raridon, RJ AF Whealton, JH Olsen, DK Raridon, RJ BE Jacquot, C TI First results from a double vlasov model for negative ion extraction from volume sources - The possibility of an enhanced transverse space charge limit SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS / PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF LIGHT NEGATIVE IONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 8th International Symposium on the Negative Ions and Beams and the 7th European Workshop on the production and Application of Light Negative Ions CY SEP 14-19, 1997 CL VILLAGIUM GIENS, FRANCE AB A new negative ion source extraction model has been formulated and implemented which explicitly considers the motion of positive ions and the volume generation of negative ions. It is found that (I) for high-beam? currents, the beam current is limited by a transverse space charge limit, meaning that an increase in negative ion density at the extraction sheath will result in a lower bean I current (this result is universally observed at high beam cur-rents); (2) there is a saddle point with a potential barrier preventing most volume produced negative ions from being extracted (the combination of I and 2 indicates that most of the negative ions being created do not find their way into the beam); (3) introduction of cesium may cause, most importantly, an increase in the transverse space charge limit (there is an abundance of experimental data supporting this effect); (4) cesium may also result in an increase in the fraction of volume produced negative ions which are extracted (5) cesium may also result in a reduction of extracted electrons by dint of a less negative bins on the plasma electrode with respect to the adjacent plasma, thus allowing the transverse space charge limit budget to be taken up wholly by the ions. (The combination of 3-5 represents the way an actual increase in the beam current can be achieved), (6) a strong ion time scale sheath instability due to violation of Bohm criteria produces an anomalous ion temperature that increases with beam current routinely seen in experiments; and (7) introduction of cesium may result in a reduction in this instability. These insights may lend to improvements in volume negative ion sources, and the most important finding of an increased (sic). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Whealton, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-737-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 439 BP 41 EP 53 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL88L UT WOS:000077039600004 ER PT S AU Whealton, JH Raridon, RJ Leung, KN AF Whealton, JH Raridon, RJ Leung, KN BE Jacquot, C TI Separation of beam and electrons in the spallation neutron source H-ion source SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS / PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF LIGHT NEGATIVE IONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 8th International Symposium on the Negative Ions and Beams and the 7th European Workshop on the production and Application of Light Negative Ions CY SEP 14-19, 1997 CL VILLAGIUM GIENS, FRANCE AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) requires an ion source producing an H-beam with a peak current of 35mA at a 6.2 percent duty factor. For the design of this ion source, extracted electrons must be transported and dumped without adversely affecting the H-beam optics. Two issues are considered: (1) electron containment transport and controlled removal; and (2) first-order-H-beam steering. For electron containment, various magnetic, geometric and electrode biasing configurations are analyzed. A kinetic description for the negative ions and electrons is employed with self-consistent fields obtained from a steady-state solution to Poisson's equation. Guiding center electron trajectories are used when the gyroradius is sufficiently small. The magnetic fields used to control the transport of the electrons and the asymmetric sheath produced by the gyrating electrons steer the ion beam. Scenarios for correcting this steering by split acceleration and focusing electrodes will be considered in some detail. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Whealton, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-737-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 439 BP 244 EP 253 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL88L UT WOS:000077039600027 ER PT S AU Schmidt, CW AF Schmidt, CW BE Jacquot, C TI Historical perspective of the H- ion source symposia SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS / PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF LIGHT NEGATIVE IONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 8th International Symposium on the Negative Ions and Beams and the 7th European Workshop on the production and Application of Light Negative Ions CY SEP 14-19, 1997 CL VILLAGIUM GIENS, FRANCE AB The International Symposium on the Production and Neutralization of Negative Hydrogen Ions and Beams is entering its third decade of providing a forum for the H- ion sourer community. The first meeting was held at Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1977 and has returned there every three years to 1995. This is the eighth meeting in this series and for the first time is in Europe, hosted by CEA/Center de Cadarache. Since this Symposium is meeting in Europe many new people have had an opportunity to attend and many of these are of a younger generation. On the 20th anniversary of the First Symposium it seems fitting that a historical review should be given. The Symposium meetings and its archiving of information has been a valuable asset to this community. I hope to briefly describe the early H- source work and provide some insight into the success of the H- source effort. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Schmidt, CW (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 307, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-737-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 439 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL88L UT WOS:000077039600028 ER PT J AU Ruth, LA AF Ruth, LA TI Energy from municipal solid waste: A comparison with coal combustion technology SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE municipal solid waste; coal combustion; incineration; emissions; US DOE programs ID EMISSIONS; INCINERATORS; DIOXINS; MERCURY; ASH AB The conversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy can conserve more valuable fuels and improve the environment by lessening the amount of waste that must be landfilled and by conserving energy and natural resources. The importance of utilizing MSW was recognized in the 1991 U.S. National Energy Strategy, which sought to "support the conversion of municipal solid waste to energy." One route to utilizing the energy value of MSW is to burn it in a steam power plant to generate electricity. Coal has long been the predominant source of energy for electricity production in the U.S.; therefore, a considerable science and technology base related to coal combustion and emissions control can be, and has been, applied with substantial benefit to MSW combustion. This paper compares the combustion of coal and MSW in terms of fuel characteristics, combustion technology, emissions, and ash utilization/disposal. Go-combustion of coal and MSW is also discussed. MSW issues that can be addressed by research and development are provided. The major environmental issues that designers of MSW combustion systems have had to address are emissions of trace organic compounds, particularly polychlorinated dioxins and furans, and trace elements such as mercury, lead, and cadmium. Emission of trace organics is generally the result of a poorly designed and/or operated combustion system; modern MSW systems use good combustion practices that destroy organic compounds during the combustion process. Proper control of air/fuel mixing and temperature, and avoidance of ''quench'' zones in the furnace, help to ensure that potentially harmful organics are not emitted. Computer codes and other design and troubleshooting tools that were developed for coal combustion systems have been applied to improve the performance of waste-to-energy systems. Trace element emissions from both coal and MSW combustion result primarily from vaporization of elements during the combustion process. Most of the trace elements that are vaporized condense on fly ash as the combustion products cool downstream of the furnace and can be effectively controlled by using an efficient particulate removal device. However, volatile elements, particularly mercury, are emitted as a vapor. Several mechanisms are available to capture mercury vapor and some are in use. The development of satisfactory control technology for mercury is a topic currently of high interest in coal burning. The potential for leaching of trace elements and organics from MSW residues after disposal raises issues about the classification and management of ash. Results of laboratory leaching tests, especially for lead and cadmium, have not been consistently supported by field experience. Careful interpretation of the available test protocols is needed to make sure that residues are properly managed. Because of the large scale of coal-fired boilers for electricity production, ed-firing of MSW with coal in such boilers could consume large quantities of waste. Several short-term demonstrations have shown that co-firing is feasible. The issues involved in co-firing are emissions of trace elements, trace organics, and acid gases; boiler slagging and fouling; and long-term effects, such as corrosion and erosion of boiler tubes. Areas where research and development has contributed to improved MSW combustion include (a) the formation mechanisms of polychlorinated dioxins/furans, especially low-temperature, catalytic mechanisms, (b) methods of combustion air distribution in incinerators that result in better combustion and reduced emission of organic compounds, (c) the use of gas reburning to control NOx and reduce emission of organic compounds, (d) practical methods for removing organic compounds and mercury from MSW flue gas, (e) the performance of electrostatic precipitators in removing MSW fly ash, particularly when co-firing MSW and coal in existing coal-fired boilers, and (f) burning MSW in fluidized beds or of pulverizing refuse-derived fuel and firing it in suspension-fired, pulverized coal boilers. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Ruth, LA (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 37 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 12 U2 91 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PY 1998 VL 24 IS 6 BP 545 EP 564 DI 10.1016/S0360-1285(98)00011-2 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 109DE UT WOS:000075305300004 ER PT J AU Boardman, CE Thompson, M Walter, CE Ehrman, CS AF Boardman, CE Thompson, M Walter, CE Ehrman, CS TI The separations technology and transmutation systems (STATS) report implications for nuclear power growth and energy sufficiency SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB In 1991, as part of the reexamination of Separations and Transmutation (S&T) systems, DOE, requested the National Research Council (NRC) to appoint an NAS Committee to conduct a broad systems review of the application of S&T concepts to radioactive waste disposal. The scope of the study was to prepare a peer reviewed report evaluating the relative effects, costs, and feasibility of employing S&T in the DOE programs for managing (1) spent nuclear fuel from power reactors, and (2) radioactive wastes from selected existing defense production reactor sites. The STATS study did not include a system wide evaluation of the advantages of spent fuel recycling: its ability to reduce the toxicity of high-level waste from hundreds of thousands of years to hundreds of years; its ability to greatly increase the repository capacity; its potential economic advantages; its resistance to proliferation; and its ability to provide a greatly expanded energy supply for the US and the world. This paper provides a detailed review of the recommendations in the STATS report, addresses the limitations of the study, and provides suggested areas for future evaluations to improve the usefulness of the study and its results. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 GE, San Jose, CA 95125 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Boardman, CE (reprint author), GE, San Jose, CA 95125 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 1998 VL 32 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(97)00036-X PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 117ED UT WOS:000075767100025 ER PT S AU Louis, WC AF Louis, WC CA LSND Collaboration BE Faessler, A TI LSND neutrino oscillation results and implications SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 40: NEUTRINOS IN ASTRO, PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics - Neutrinos in Astro, Particle and Nuclear Physics CY SEP 16-24, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY ID (NU)OVER-BAR(MU)->(NU)OVER-BAR(E) OSCILLATIONS; SEARCH; FACILITY; PHYSICS; BEAM; ISIS AB The LSND experiment at Los Alamos has conducted searches for <(nu)over bar>(mu) --> <(nu)over bar>(e) oscillations using <(nu)over bar>(mu) from mu(+) decay at rest and for nu(mu) --> nu(e) oscillations using nu(mu) from pi(+) decay in flight. For the <(nu)over bar>(mu) --> <(nu)over bar>(e) search, a total excess of 51.8(-16.9)(+18.7) +/- 8.0 events is observed with e(+) energy between 20 and 60 MeV, while for the <(nu)over bar>(mu) --> nu(e) search, a total excess of 18.1 +/- 6.6 +/- 4.0 events is observed with e(-) energy between 60 and 200 MeV. If attributed to neutrino oscillations, these excesses correspond to oscillation probabilities (averaged over the experimental energies and spatial acceptances) of (0.31 +/- 0.12 +/- 0.05)% and (0.26 +/- 0.10 +/- 0.05)%, respectively. For the future, the BooNE experiment at Fermilab could prove that neutrino oscillations occur and make precision measurements of Delta m(2) and sin(2) 2 theta. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louis, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6410 BN 0-444-82991-1 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 1998 VL 40 BP 151 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(98)00021-0 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL04B UT WOS:000074110000019 ER PT S AU Morfin, JG AF Morfin, JG BE Faessler, A TI The Fermilab neutrino oscillation facility SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 40: NEUTRINOS IN ASTRO, PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics - Neutrinos in Astro, Particle and Nuclear Physics CY SEP 16-24, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Morfin, JG (reprint author), Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6410 BN 0-444-82991-1 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 1998 VL 40 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(98)00030-1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL04B UT WOS:000074110000028 ER PT S AU Stokstad, RG AF Stokstad, RG BE Faessler, A TI Progress toward a km-scale neutrino detector in the deep ocean SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 40: NEUTRINOS IN ASTRO, PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics - Neutrinos in Astro, Particle and Nuclear Physics CY SEP 16-24, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY AB The best particles for observing distant objects are photons and neutrinos. Because of the neutrino's weak interaction cross section, detectors suitable for astronomy must be very large and well shielded from cosmic rays. Eventually, a detector with the order of a square km of effective area will be needed for systematic observations of distant point sources such as active galactic nuclei. Prototype detectors are currently being developed at several sites in the ocean, at Lake Baikal, and in Antarctica. This talk summarizes the status of the projects that use the deep ocean for the detector medium and shielding: DUMAND, NESTOR and ANTARES. Technical developments will be needed for a future km-scale detector; progress on one of these, a digital electronic system, is also described. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stokstad, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6410 BN 0-444-82991-1 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 1998 VL 40 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(98)00048-9 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL04B UT WOS:000074110000046 ER PT J AU Green, MA Emery, K Bucher, K King, DL Igari, S AF Green, MA Emery, K Bucher, K King, DL Igari, S TI Solar cell efficiency Tables (version 11) SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article AB Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented, Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and newt entries since June 1997 are briefly described. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ New S Wales, Photovolta Special Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-79100 Freiburg, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Div 6224, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Japan Qual Assurance Org, Solar Techno Ctr, Solar Cell Test Res Div, Shizuoka 43112, Japan. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Photovolta Special Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NR 47 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 6 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199801/02)6:1<35::AID-PIP205>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA ZD177 UT WOS:000072659100004 ER PT S AU Hu, PS Wright, T Esteve, T AF Hu, PS Wright, T Esteve, T GP NATL RES COUNCIL TI Traffic count estimates for short-term traffic monitoring sites - Simulation study SO PROGRESS IN TRANSPORTATION DATA 1998 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Traffic characteristics, such as the annual average daily traffic (AADT) and the AADT for each vehicle class, are essential for highway maintenance and planning. In practice, selected road segments are monitored continuously every day of the year to identify their traffic characteristics. A sample of the remaining road segments is monitored for 1 or 2 d each year, and the resulting data are adjusted (by using factors based on data collected from the continuously monitored road segments) to produce estimates of annual average daily traffic characteristics. A simulation study empirically considered how the precision of an estimate from a continuously monitored site compares with the precision of an estimate from a short-term monitored site. The original estimates of traffic characteristics (i.e., AADT and AADT by vehicle class) treating the site as a continuously monitored site are on average quite close to, but smaller than, the simulated estimates treating the site as a short-term monitored site. The original estimates (continuous monitoring) appear to be more precise, on average, than the simulated estimates (short-term monitoring). This decrease in precision typically occurs for vehicle classes that account for less than 1 percent of the daily traffic volume, suggesting that these less-common vehicle classes could be combined to achieve reliable AADT estimates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Bur Census, Div Stat Res, Washington, DC 20233 USA. US Dept Transportat, FHWA, Washington, DC 20590 USA. RP Hu, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 3156 MS 6073, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06470-8 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1998 IS 1625 BP 26 EP 34 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN48A UT WOS:000081982400004 ER PT J AU Pisarski, RD Trueman, TL Tytgat, MHG AF Pisarski, RD Trueman, TL Tytgat, MHG TI Anomalous amplitudes in a thermal bath SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Yukawa International Seminar on Non-Perturbative QCD - Structure of the QCD Vacuum (YKIS 97) CY DEC 02-12, 1997 CL YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYSICS, YITP KYOTO UNIV, KYOTO, JAPAN SP YITP, Inst Theoret Physics (ITP, UNIV CA, Santa Barbara), Yukawa Mem Fdn, Minis Educ Sci & Culture Japan, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn HO YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYSICS, YITP KYOTO UNIV ID FINITE-TEMPERATURE; SCHWINGER MODEL; RENORMALIZATION AB I review the implications of the axial anomaly in a thermal bath. I assume that the Adler-Bardeen theorem applies at nonzero temperature, so that the divergence of the axial current remains independent of temperature. Nevertheless, I argue that while the anomaly does not change with temperature, "anomalous" mesonic couplings do. This is verified by explicit calculations in a low temperature expansion, and near the chiral phase transition. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pisarski, RD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 1998 IS 131 BP 427 EP 437 PG 11 GA 130DG UT WOS:000076503900022 ER PT J AU Phillips, TA Summerfelt, RC Clayton, RD AF Phillips, TA Summerfelt, RC Clayton, RD TI Feeding frequency effects on water quality and growth of walleye fingerlings in intensive culture SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID FOOD CONVERSION; PERFORMANCE AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding frequency on water quality and the growth of fingerling walleyes Stizostedion vitreum raised in intensive culture. Walleyes were fed 9 or 90 feedings/d for 63 d in experiment 1 (E1) and 3 or 30 feedings/d for 56 d in experiment 2 (E2). In both experiments, the means of daily measurements of dissolved oxygen were significantly higher and means of total ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were significantly lower in the treatment receiving the greater; number of feedings per day. Final means of fish length and weight, coefficients of variability of length and weight, growth rates, and food conversions (feed fed/weight gained) did not differ significantly between feeding frequency treatments in either E1 or E2. The length-frequency distributions in both feeding trials were normal, and there were no significant differences in normality, kurtosis, or skewness between feeding frequencies. The results demonstrate that multiple feedings per day can be used to improve water quality in intensive culture without compromising growth rates. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Summerfelt, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 60 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0001:FFEOWQ>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA YX748 UT WOS:000072073300001 ER PT S AU Durham, WB Rubie, DC AF Durham, WB Rubie, DC BE Manghnani, MH Yagi, T TI Can the multianvil apparatus really be used for high-pressure deformation experiments? SO PROPERTIES OF EARTH AND PLANETARY MATERIALS AT HIGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US/Japan Seminar on High Pressure-Temperature Research - Properties of Earth and Planetary Materials CY 1996 CL MAUI, HI SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Japan Soc Promot Sci AB Past claims of the suitability of the MA-8 multianvil press as a deformation apparatus may have been overstated. On the basis of measurements of final octahedron size and of guide block displacement as a function of time, using the 10/5, 14/8, and 18/11 assemblies (octahedron edge length in mm/truncation edge length in mm) with MgO octahedra and pyrophyllite gasketing, it appears that at run conditions of interest to most researchers there is no appreciable time-dependent creep of gaskets and octahedra. All inelastic deformation occurs at rather low pressures: below about 10 GPa for the 10/5, 7 GPa for the 14/8, and 6 GPa for the 18/11 assemblies, with substantial uncertainties in these pressures. Above these limits all deformation of the pressure medium is elastic. Pressure ramping as a means of increasing the inelastic deformation rate of a sample is probably ineffective. Displacement measured at the guide blocks, previously believed to indicate deformation of the gaskets and octahedron, appears now to be unrelated to creep of these components. The calibrations have not been exhaustive and there is considerable scatter in some of the size measurements, so the above conclusions are not unequivocal. The calibrations do not exclude the possibility of deformation of a few tens of microns after the attainment of high pressure. Efforts to impose permanent shape change to samples at high pressure and temperature simply by relying on long run durations must be viewed with skepticism. There may be possibilities for deformation in the multianvil apparatus if materials of contrasting elastic modulus are used to differentially load a sample during pressure ramping and/or by deforming a very thin sample in simple shear. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-083-6 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 1998 VL 101 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BL02Y UT WOS:000074082400007 ER PT S AU Nellis, WJ Weir, ST Holmes, NC Ross, M Mitchell, AC AF Nellis, WJ Weir, ST Holmes, NC Ross, M Mitchell, AC BE Manghnani, MH Yagi, T TI Hydrogen at high pressures and temperatures: Implications for Jupiter SO PROPERTIES OF EARTH AND PLANETARY MATERIALS AT HIGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US/Japan Seminar on High Pressure-Temperature Research - Properties of Earth and Planetary Materials CY 1996 CL MAUI, HI SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Japan Soc Promot Sci AB Electrical conductivities and shock temperatures were measured for shock-compressed liquid H-2 and D-2. Conductivities were measured at pressures of 93-180 GPa (0.93-1.8 Mbar). Calculated densities and temperatures were in the range 0.28-0.36 mol/cm(3) and 2000-4000 K. The resistivity data are interpreted in terms of a continuous transition from a semiconducting to metallic, primarily diatomic fluid at 140 GPa and 3000 K. Shock temperatures up to 5200 K were measured at pressures up to 83 GPa. These data are interpreted in terms of a continuous dissociative phase transition above 20 GPa. The continuous transition from a molecular to monatomic fluid means that Jupiter has no distinct core-mantle boundary. The dissociation model derived from the temperature measurements indicates a dissociation fraction of about 5% at 140 GPa and 3000 K. The isentrope of hydrogen was calculated starting from the surface temperature of Jupiter (165 K). At a metallization pressure of 140 GPa in Jupiter, the temperature is about 4000 K and about 10% of the hydrogen molecules are dissociated. The electrical conductivity was calculated along this isentrope by deriving a scaling relationship from the measured conductivities. The results indicate that hydrogen becomes metallic much closer to the surface of Jupiter than thought previously, a possible explanation of the very large magnetic field of Jupiter, but the metallic conductivity of the molecular fluid is two orders of magnitude lower than predicted for the monatomic fluid. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-083-6 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 1998 VL 101 BP 357 EP 364 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BL02Y UT WOS:000074082400036 ER PT S AU Frauenfelder, H AF Frauenfelder, H BE Jardetzky, O Lefevre, JF TI Protein dynamics and function SO PROTEIN DYNAMICS, FUNCTION, AND DESIGN SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES A, LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute and International School of Structural Biology and Magnetic Resonance, 3rd Course on Protein Dynamics. Function, and Design CY APR 16-28, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY SP NATO ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LIGAND-BINDING; MYOGLOBIN; TEMPERATURE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Frauenfelder, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-1213 BN 0-306-45939-6 J9 NATO ADV SCI I A-LIF PY 1998 VL 301 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Spectroscopy GA BM32J UT WOS:000078390000007 ER PT B AU Kadam, KL Forrest, LH Jacobson, WA AF Kadam, KL Forrest, LH Jacobson, WA GP TAPPI TAPPI TI Rice straw as a lignocellulosic resource: Collection, processing, transportation, and environmental aspects SO PULPING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pulping Conference CY OCT 25-29, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP TAPPI, Pulp & Paper Tech Assoc Canada AB As open-field burning of rice straw is being phased out in California, rice growers and government agencies are looking for new rice straw uses. The amount of rice straw that may be available as a feedstock ranges from 1.0 to 1.5 million tons per year. Irrespective of its actual use, as a source of raw material for either liquid fuel or fiber, a study of issues dealing with its harvest is needed. This paper reviews possible harvesting systems and provides an analysis of operating parameters such as straw moisture, density, storage, and optimal number of transport units. A case study of rice straw production in the Sacramento Valley was conducted, which illustrates that 600 tons/day of straw can be accessed at an estimated net delivered cost of about $20-21/dry ton. Gainfully utilizing this residue can ease the problems of disposal facing agricultural operations in the state. Furthermore, the potential environmental benefits of diverting rice straw from open-field burning will be to significantly reduce criteria air pollutants such as VOC, SOx, NOx, and PM10, and also silica emissions, which are not specifically monitored but can be a health hazard. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kadam, KL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA BN 0-89852-723-6 PY 1998 BP 511 EP 529 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL88S UT WOS:000077044100055 ER PT J AU Stoddard, BL Bolduc, JM Dyer, DH Scott, WG Sweet, RM AF Stoddard, BL Bolduc, JM Dyer, DH Scott, WG Sweet, RM TI Visualizing enzyme and ribozyme intermediates using fast diffraction and reaction trapping methods SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IVth International Symposium on Bioorganic Chemistry (ISBOC IV) CY JUN 01-06, 1997 CL BIARRITZ, FRANCE ID GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE-B; MECHANISM; CRYSTAL; TIME; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DEHYDROGENASE; CATALYSIS; ISOMERASE; SUBSTRATE AB Using mutatagenesis, steady-state trapping, and photoactivation of caged substrates in two separate series of experiments, we have determined the structures of three sequential intermediates formed by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. Using pH triggering and physical trapping (flash-cooling), we have determined the structure of an unmodified, fully reactive hammerhead ribozyme construct at two separate stages of the autolytic cleavage reaction, and have proposed a structural mechanism for transition state formation. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stoddard, BL (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1124 Columbia St, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1351/pac199870010017 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZR753 UT WOS:000074010300004 ER PT B AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ BE Ji, CR Min, DP TI Light-cone quantized QCD and novel hadron phenomenology SO QCD, LIGHTCONE PHYSICS AND HADRON PHENOMENOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Nuclear Summer School and Symposium on QCD, Lightcone Physics and Hadron Phenomenology (NuSS 97) CY JUN 23-28, 1997 CL SEOUL NATL UNIV, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA HO SEOUL NATL UNIV AB I review progress made in solving gauge theories such as collinear quantum chromodynamics using light-cone Hamiltonian methods. I also show how the light-cone Fock expansion for hadron wavefunctions can be used to compute operator matrix elements such as decay amplitudes, form factors, distribution amplitudes, and structure functions, and how it provides a tool for exploring novel features of QCD. I also review commensurate scale relations, leading-twist identities which relate physical observables to each other, thus eliminating renormalization scale and scheme ambiguities in perturbative QCD predictions. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3385-X PY 1998 BP 1 EP 64 PG 64 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL99J UT WOS:000077394600001 ER PT B AU Moses, WW Virador, PRG Derenzo, SE Huesman, RH Budinger, TF AF Moses, WW Virador, PRG Derenzo, SE Huesman, RH Budinger, TF BE Carson, RE DaubeWitherspoon, ME Herscovitch, P TI Design of a high-resolution, high-sensitivity PET camera for human brains and small animals SO QUANTITATIVE FUNCTIONAL BRAIN IMAGING WITH POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Quantification of Brain Function with PET (BRAINPET 97) CY JUN 20-22, 1997 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MD HO NIH C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moses, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 0-12-161340-2 PY 1998 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1016/B978-012161340-2/50004-4 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BL70N UT WOS:000076399800002 ER PT B AU Huesman, RH Klein, GJ Reutter, BW Teng, X AF Huesman, RH Klein, GJ Reutter, BW Teng, X BE Carson, RE DaubeWitherspoon, ME Herscovitch, P TI Multislice PET quantitation using three-dimensional volumes of interest SO QUANTITATIVE FUNCTIONAL BRAIN IMAGING WITH POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Quantification of Brain Function with PET (BRAINPET 97) CY JUN 20-22, 1997 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MD HO NIH C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huesman, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 0-12-161340-2 PY 1998 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/B978-012161340-2/50010-X PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BL70N UT WOS:000076399800008 ER PT J AU Slate, JL AF Slate, JL TI Hydromorphic-soil origin of carbonate glaebules in pliocene paleosols of southeastern Arizona SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Slate, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 1998 VL 51-2 BP 60 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(98)90223-3 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 152EY UT WOS:000077764300021 ER PT J AU Benson, LV Lund, SP Burdett, JW Kashgarian, M Rose, TP Smoot, JP Schwartz, M AF Benson, LV Lund, SP Burdett, JW Kashgarian, M Rose, TP Smoot, JP Schwartz, M TI Correlation of late-Pleistocene lake-level oscillations in Mono Lake, California, with North Atlantic climate events SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEEP LABRADOR-SEA; LAHONTAN BASIN; CARBONATE DEPOSITION; ICEBERG DISCHARGES; HEINRICH EVENTS; GREENLAND ICE; CHRONOLOGY; RECORDS; NEVADA; OCEAN AB Oxygen-18 (O-18) values of sediment from the Wilson Creek Formation, Mono Basin, California, indicate three scales of temporal variation (Dansgaard-Oeschger, Heinrich, and Milankovitch) in the hydrologic balance of Mono Lake between 35,400 and 12,900 C-14 yr B.P. During this interval, Mono Lake experienced four lowstands each lasting from 1000 to 2000 yr, The youngest lowstand, which occurred between 15,500 and 14,000 C-14 yr B.P., was nearly synchronous with a desiccation of Owens Lake, California. Paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) data indicate that three of four persistent lowstands occurred at the same times as Heinrich events H1, H2, and H4, (18)0 data indicate the two highest lake levels occurred similar to 18,000 and similar to 13,100 C-14 yr B.P., corresponding to passages of the mean position of the polar jet stream over the Mono Basin. Extremely low values of total inorganic carbon between 26,000 and 14,000 C-14 yr B.P. indicate glacial activity, corresponding to a time when summer insolation was much reduced, (C) 1998 University of Washington. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst 125, Cornell Lab Stable Isotope Anal, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Benson, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418 NR 48 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1006/qres.1997.1940 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA YZ880 UT WOS:000072303600001 ER PT B AU Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Fleetwood, DM Winokur, PS AF Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Fleetwood, DM Winokur, PS GP IEEE TI Effects of irradiation temperature on MOS radiation response SO RADECS 97: FOURTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 97) CY SEP 15-19, 1997 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP Thomson CSF, Aerospatiale Espace & Def, TEMIC Semiconductors, CEA/DAM, Ministere Culture, Sandia Natl Labs AB Effects of irradiation and annealing temperature on radiation-induced charge trapping are explored for MOS transistors. Transistors were irradiated with 10-keV x rays at temperatures from -25 to 100 degrees C and annealed at 100 degrees C for times up to 3.6x10(6) s. Transistor data were analyzed for the contributions of radiation-induced charge due to oxide traps, border traps, and interface traps. Increased irradiation temperature resulted in increased interface-trap and border-trap buildup and decreased oxide-trapped charge buildup during irradiation. Interface-trap buildup immediately following irradiation for transistors irradiated at 100 degrees C was equivalent to the buildup of interface traps in transistors irradiated at 27 degrees C and annealed for one week at 100 degrees C (standard rebound test). For the p-channel transistors, a one-to-one correlation was observed between the increase in interface-trap charge and the decrease in oxide-trapped charge during irradiation. This may imply a link between increased interface-trap buildup and the annealing of oxide-trapped charge in these devices. The observed data can be explained in terms of increased hydrogen ion transport rates to the Si/SiO2 interface during elevated temperature irradiations. These results have implications on hardness assurance testing and potentially may be used to reduce costs associated with rebound qualification. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4071-X PY 1998 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1109/RADECS.1997.698840 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BL38P UT WOS:000075341800005 ER PT J AU Cohenca, CH Jardim, RF Lacerda, AH AF Cohenca, CH Jardim, RF Lacerda, AH TI Colossal magnetoresistance in polycrystalline Pr1-xBaxMnO3 compounds SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect Dependent Processes in Insulators and Semiconductors (DDPIS 97) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 1997 CL CAMPOS DE JORDAO, BRAZIL SP FAPESP, FINEP, CNPq DE colossal magnetoresistance; sol-gel precursors; perovskites ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE AB We have produced polycrystalline samples of Pr1-xBaxMnO3 (0.0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.5) through two different processes: (1) by mixing stoichiometric amounts of Pr oxide and carbonates of Mn and Ba (MO); and (2) through sol-gel precursors (SG). These samples were heat treated in air at several temperatures (500 degrees C less than or equal to T less than or equal to 1400 degrees C) and were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, optical metallography, electrical resistivity rho(T), and magnetoresistivity rho(T, H). Results of Xray powder diffraction revealed that all samples have the perovskite-like structure and that MO samples are comprised of at least two phases: Pr1-xBaxMnO3 and BaMnO3. Metallographic analysis confirmed this last result and revealed, in samples prepared via sol-gel route (SG), uniform morphologies and average grain size < 1 mu m. Measurements of electrical resistivity rho(T) revealed that the magnitude of rho increases with decreasing temperature until reaching a maximum value at T-c, which is the long-range ferromagnetic ordering temperature of the system. Above T,, rho(T) has a semiconductor-like behavior with typical activation energy of Delta E similar to 0.14 eV. Below T-c, rho(T) usually decreases with decreasing temperature. Measurements of rho(T, H) near T-c show that the magnitude of rho decreases drastically with increasing magnetic field exhibiting a colossal negative magnetoresistance. These measurements also showed that -Delta rho/rho reaches values of similar to 1600% in an applied magnetic of 18 T. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pulse Facil, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Jardim, Renato/J-8068-2014 OI Jardim, Renato/0000-0002-2000-0257 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 EI 1029-4953 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 1998 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1080/10420159808226392 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 193AR UT WOS:000080113100013 ER PT J AU Garner, FA Greenwood, LR AF Garner, FA Greenwood, LR TI Neutron irradiation effects in fusion or spallation structural materials: Some recent insights related to neutron spectra SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE neutron irradiation; neutron spectrum; solid transmutants; gaseous transmutants; swelling AB A review is presented of recent insights on the role of transmutation in the development of radiation-induced changes in dimension or radiation-induced changes in physical or mechanical properties. It is shown that, in some materials and some neutron spectra, transmutation can significantly affect or even dominate a given property change process. When the process under study is also sensitive to displacement rate, and especially if it involves radiation-induced segregation and precipitation, it becomes much more difficult to separate the transmutation and displacement rate dependencies. This complicates the application of data derived from "surrogate" spectra to predictions in other flux-spectra environments. It is also shown in this paper that one must be sensitive to the impact of previously-ignored "small" variations in neutron spectra within a given reactor. In some materials these small variations have major consequences. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 82 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 1998 VL 144 IS 1-4 BP 251 EP 286 DI 10.1080/10420159808229678 PG 36 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA V2608 UT WOS:000165533000011 ER PT J AU Pawel, JE Bloom, EE Mansur, LK Rowcliffe, AF Zinkle, SJ Stoller, RE Maziasz, PJ AF Pawel, JE Bloom, EE Mansur, LK Rowcliffe, AF Zinkle, SJ Stoller, RE Maziasz, PJ TI Toward a mechanistic understanding of radiation effects in materials SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE radiation effects; swelling; phase formation; irradiation creep; embrittlement; mechanical properties AB This paper will present a brief overview of the present understanding of radiation effects in materials. Progress in fundamental understanding of void swelling, phase formation and stability, irradiation creep, and post-irradiation mechanical properties has been gained through comparison of experimental data with the predictions of theoretical models. Applications of the understanding of radiation effects in materials have led to the development of candidate structural materials for use in aggressive radiation environments. Compositional and microstructural controls have been used to achieve the necessary properties and radiation damage resistance. Some of the key issues facing pressure vessel steels, ceramics, and fusion structural materials are described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pawel, JE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bldg 5500,Mail Stop 6376,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 EI 1029-4953 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 1998 VL 144 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 309 DI 10.1080/10420159808229679 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA V2608 UT WOS:000165533000012 ER PT J AU Holroyd, RA Sham, TK AF Holroyd, RA Sham, TK TI Free ion yields for nonpolar liquids exposed to 1.6-3.5 KeV X-rays SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID K-EDGE; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; PHOTOELECTRON RECAPTURE; SI; ABSORPTION; 2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE; EXCITATION; ELECTRON; SPECTRA; ENERGY AB The yields of free ions formed following absorption of 1.6-3.5 keV X-rays were determined for several nonpolar liquids using a conductivity technique. The yields are much less for X-rays than for gamma rays; this effect is largest for branched hydrocarbons. A minimum in yield is observed around 2 keV. The dependence of G(h)(o) On X-ray energy is in good agreement with computer simulations. For tetramethylsilane a sharp dip in ion yield is observed at the Si 1s --> sigma* resonance, indicating that the foe electron yield is even less at this energy. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Holroyd, RA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 51 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(97)00085-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA YT228 UT WOS:000071578700010 ER PT J AU Fell, TP Harrison, JD Leggett, RW AF Fell, TP Harrison, JD Leggett, RW TI A model for the transfer of calcium and strontium to the fetus SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intakes of Radionuclides - Occupational and Public Exposure CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP British Nuclear Fuels plc, COGEMA, Colenco Power Engn Ltd, Deutsche Gesell Bau & Betrieb Endlagem Abfallstoffe mbH, Electricite de France, Gesell Nukl Serv GmbH, Hemispheres, Plessis Robinson, Nukem Nukl, Siemens, TUV, Hanover, Germany, TUV, Munich, Germany, Vereinig Deutsch Elektrizitatswerke ID HUMAN PREGNANCY; METABOLISM; NEWBORN; GROWTH AB A biokinetic model has been developed for the transfer of calcium and strontium to the human fetus. For the mother, ICRP models were adapted for pregnancy to include increases in gastrointestinal absorption, urinary excretion and bone turnover rates. The fetus was modelled with blood, soft tissue and bone compartments. Fetal requirements for Ca were determined by skeletal calcification and recycling between fetal and maternal blood was included. Daily transfer of Sr to the fetus was taken to be 0.6 times that of Ca. For acute intakes of Ca-45 and Sr-90 in late pregnancy at 36 weeks after conception, when maximum transfer occurs, the model predicts C-F:C-M ratios of 19 and 9, respectively. Corresponding committed doses to the red bone marrow of offspring would be greater than in adults by factors of about nine for Ca-45 and about two for Sr-90. C1 Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Fell, TP (reprint author), Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 311 EP 315 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JA UT WOS:000076289100069 ER PT J AU Munro, NB Eckerman, KF AF Munro, NB Eckerman, KF TI Impacts of physiological changes during pregnancy on maternal biokinetic modelling SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intakes of Radionuclides - Occupational and Public Exposure CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP British Nuclear Fuels plc, COGEMA, Colenco Power Engn Ltd, Deutsche Gesell Bau & Betrieb Endlagem Abfallstoffe mbH, Electricite de France, Gesell Nukl Serv GmbH, Hemispheres, Plessis Robinson, Nukem Nukl, Siemens, TUV, Hanover, Germany, TUV, Munich, Germany, Vereinig Deutsch Elektrizitatswerke ID BLOOD-FLOW; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT; ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS; RENAL HEMODYNAMICS; SERIAL; VENTILATION; WOMEN; VASOPRESSIN; EXPENDITURE AB Pregnancy is a state in which the body undergoes deep physiological and anatomical changes that start soon after fertilisation. Body composition changes dramatically with maternal fat accretion of somewhat less than 3 kg. Changes in the cardiovascular system (increased blood volume, heart rate: plasma volume, and cardiac output), respiratory system (increased tidal volume and minute volume) and the renal system (increased glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma Bow) and extracellular fluids also affect the biokinetics of systemic materials. The physiological changes during pregnancy that have particular implications for the intake, systemic uptake, tissue distribution and retention of many radioelements of environmental interest are summarised. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Munro, NB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 327 EP 333 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JA UT WOS:000076289100072 ER PT J AU Leggett, RW Bouville, A Eckerman, KF AF Leggett, RW Bouville, A Eckerman, KF TI Reliability of the ICRP's systemic biokinetic models SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intakes of Radionuclides - Occupational and Public Exposure CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP British Nuclear Fuels plc, COGEMA, Colenco Power Engn Ltd, Deutsche Gesell Bau & Betrieb Endlagem Abfallstoffe mbH, Electricite de France, Gesell Nukl Serv GmbH, Hemispheres, Plessis Robinson, Nukem Nukl, Siemens, TUV, Hanover, Germany, TUV, Munich, Germany, Vereinig Deutsch Elektrizitatswerke ID HEALTHY-MEN; METABOLISM; PLUTONIUM; DOSIMETRY; EXCRETION; RETENTION; REGISTRY AB The sources, quality, and completeness of data underlying the biokinetic models of the International Commission on Radiological Protection are discussed and the associated uncertainties in those models as dosimetric tools examined. After a general discussion of the relative merits of different sources of biokinetic data, the data base and associated model uncertainties are evaluated for nine environmentally important radionuclides representing various levels of knowledge of biokinetics in humans: H-3, Co-60, Sr-90, Zr-95, Ru-106, Sb-125, Cs-137, Ra-226, and Pu-239. Attention is focused mainly on the behaviour of radionuclides after their absorption to blood. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NCI, Radiat Effects Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Leggett, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 1060COM,MS6480, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 335 EP 342 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JA UT WOS:000076289100073 ER PT J AU Taylor, DM Leggett, RW AF Taylor, DM Leggett, RW TI A generic biokinetic model for the lanthanide elements SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intakes of Radionuclides - Occupational and Public Exposure CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP British Nuclear Fuels plc, COGEMA, Colenco Power Engn Ltd, Deutsche Gesell Bau & Betrieb Endlagem Abfallstoffe mbH, Electricite de France, Gesell Nukl Serv GmbH, Hemispheres, Plessis Robinson, Nukem Nukl, Siemens, TUV, Hanover, Germany, TUV, Munich, Germany, Vereinig Deutsch Elektrizitatswerke AB The International Commission on Radiological Protection has developed so-called generic models which predict the biokinetic behaviour of chemically related elements within the human body. Models have been published for the alkaline earth metals and for some actinides. Information on the biokinetics of the 14 elements of the lanthanide series is too sparse to permit the development of meaningful biokinetic models for the individual elements in humans. However, these elements show regular gradations in their chemical properties and biokinetic behaviour in animals that can be used to formulate a generic biokinetic model for adult humans and to define element-specific parameters. The development and structure of this model are described and discussed. C1 Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Chem, Cardiff CF1 3TB, S Glam, Wales. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taylor, DM (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Chem, Cardiff CF1 3TB, S Glam, Wales. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 351 EP 354 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JA UT WOS:000076289100075 ER PT J AU Harrison, JD Khursheed, A Phipps, AW Goossens, L Kraan, B Harper, F AF Harrison, JD Khursheed, A Phipps, AW Goossens, L Kraan, B Harper, F TI Uncertainties in biokinetic parameters and dose coefficients determined by expert judgement SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intakes of Radionuclides - Occupational and Public Exposure CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP British Nuclear Fuels plc, COGEMA, Colenco Power Engn Ltd, Deutsche Gesell Bau & Betrieb Endlagem Abfallstoffe mbH, Electricite de France, Gesell Nukl Serv GmbH, Hemispheres, Plessis Robinson, Nukem Nukl, Siemens, TUV, Hanover, Germany, TUV, Munich, Germany, Vereinig Deutsch Elektrizitatswerke AB The European Commission (EC) and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) are conducting a joint project to assess uncertainties in the results of assessment codes designed to predict the consequences of accidents at nuclear installations. The study has addressed separately each of the areas of uncertainty in the programmes: atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides; deposition and external doses; food chain transfer; internal dosimetry; early acute health effects; and late health effects. In each case, panels of experts provided estimates of uncertainties for selected parameters and documentation to support their judgement. Questions for the internal dosimetry panel concentrated on biokinetic parameters, considering the distribution and retention of radionuclides after intakes by either inhalation or ingestion. Processing of the results is in progress as part of the overall assessment of uncertainties in accident cosequence code predictions. As intended, the data obtained will provide a valuable resource for the assessment of uncertainties in doses from intakes of radionuclides for other applications. C1 Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2628 EB Delft, Netherlands. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Harrison, JD (reprint author), Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 355 EP 358 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JA UT WOS:000076289100076 ER PT J AU Tanaka, G Kawamura, H Griffith, RV Cristy, M Eckerman, KF AF Tanaka, G Kawamura, H Griffith, RV Cristy, M Eckerman, KF TI Reference man models for males and females of six age groups of Asian populations SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intakes of Radionuclides - Occupational and Public Exposure CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP British Nuclear Fuels plc, COGEMA, Colenco Power Engn Ltd, Deutsche Gesell Bau & Betrieb Endlagem Abfallstoffe mbH, Electricite de France, Gesell Nukl Serv GmbH, Hemispheres, Plessis Robinson, Nukem Nukl, Siemens, TUV, Hanover, Germany, TUV, Munich, Germany, Vereinig Deutsch Elektrizitatswerke AB Reference Man models for thr adult, 15, 10, 5, 1 and 0 year old males and females of Asian populations were developed for use in internal dosimetry. They are, in principle, based on the concept of ICRP Reference Man (Publication 23) and, for reference values, on the normal organ mass data as well as statistics data on the physique and nutrition and on some other relevant literature data at least on Japanese and Chinese. Variation in physical measurements was considered, as had been tentatively observed in the IAEA-RCA Go-ordinated Research Programme on Compilation of Anatomical, Physiological and Metabolic Characteristics for a Reference Asian Man. The work has been carried out pat-try within the activities of the ICRP Task Group on Reference Man. The weight of the skeleton is bring adjusted following the revised reference values in Publication 70. C1 Asian Ctr Reference Man Studies, Suginami Ku, Tokyo 167, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Hitachi, Ibaraki 31112, Japan. Int Atom Energy Agcy, Div RAdiat & Waste Safety, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dosimetry Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tanaka, G (reprint author), Asian Ctr Reference Man Studies, Suginami Ku, 4-20-3 Ogikubo, Tokyo 167, Japan. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JA UT WOS:000076289100083 ER PT J AU Ulanovsky, AV Eckerman, KF AF Ulanovsky, AV Eckerman, KF TI Absorbed fractions for electron and photon emissions in the developing thyroid: Fetus to five years old SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intakes of Radionuclides - Occupational and Public Exposure CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP British Nuclear Fuels plc, COGEMA, Colenco Power Engn Ltd, Deutsche Gesell Bau & Betrieb Endlagem Abfallstoffe mbH, Electricite de France, Gesell Nukl Serv GmbH, Hemispheres, Plessis Robinson, Nukem Nukl, Siemens, TUV, Hanover, Germany, TUV, Munich, Germany, Vereinig Deutsch Elektrizitatswerke AB The thyroid begins to accumulate iodine at about 10 weeks of gestation. At this time the mass of the gland is about 20 mg; it increases to 1300 mg at birth. The dosimetric methodology currently applied to radioiodines by the International Commission on Radiological Protection is largely that formulated for the adult worker; that is, electrons are considered to be non-penetrating radiations and hence deposit their kinetic energy at the site of emission. This conservative approach overestimates the dose to the thyroid in the young; the degree of overestimation depends on the size of the gland and the energies of the emitted radiations. In a similar manner, the energy of the secondary electrons liberated by photon interactions within the gland are assumed to be absorbed at the site of photon interaction: that is, kerma is equated to absorbed dose. The validity of this approach is questionable for small thyroid glands. The absorbed fraction in the thyroid for monoenergetic electron and photon emitters uniformly distributed in the gland has been calculated. For photon emissions, the calculations were performed using both the kerma approach and coupled photon-electron transport. The mass of the thyroid in these calculations ranged from 20 to 3450 mg. The results demonstrate the need for detailed radiation transport calculations for small thyroid glands; that is, current methodologies result in errors in excess of Factor of two. C1 Inst Power Engn Problems, Minsk, Byelarus. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ulanovsky, AV (reprint author), Inst Power Engn Problems, Minsk, Byelarus. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 419 EP 424 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JA UT WOS:000076289100091 ER PT J AU Ulanovsky, AV Eckerman, KF AF Ulanovsky, AV Eckerman, KF TI Modifications to the ORNL phantom series in simulation of the responses of thyroid detectors SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intakes of Radionuclides - Occupational and Public Exposure CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP British Nuclear Fuels plc, COGEMA, Colenco Power Engn Ltd, Deutsche Gesell Bau & Betrieb Endlagem Abfallstoffe mbH, Electricite de France, Gesell Nukl Serv GmbH, Hemispheres, Plessis Robinson, Nukem Nukl, Siemens, TUV, Hanover, Germany, TUV, Munich, Germany, Vereinig Deutsch Elektrizitatswerke AB Childhood thyroid cancer appears to be a major consequence of the Chernobyl accident. To quantify the dose-response relationship, reliable estimates of the radiation dose to the gland are needed. A large number of direct measurements of radioiodine in the thyroid gland of individuals were made in Belarus in May-June 1986 following the accident. Data were obtained using a variety of instruments and the measurements were conducted under various conditions. Mathematical simulation of the measurements has been undertaken to calibrate the instruments for the typical human-detector geometry and to quantify the confounding of the measurements by radionuclides present both within and upon the body of the subjects. During the course of this work, it was found necessary to modify the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) mathematical phantom series. The modifications were undertaken to provide a more realistic representation of the upper thorax and neck regions of the phantoms. The major modification reshaped the thorax by intersecting the elliptical cylinder of the trunk with a parabolic sheet which forms the shoulders. This modification required that the upper rib cage be modified and that the clavicles be repositioned. The geometric model of the thyroid was also modified to simplify the equations defining the gland. The paper discusses these modifications and provides the equations defining the phantom in our study. C1 Inst Power Engn Problems, Minsk 220109, Byelarus. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ulanovsky, AV (reprint author), Inst Power Engn Problems, Minsk 220109, Byelarus. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 429 EP 431 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JA UT WOS:000076289100093 ER PT J AU Durbin, PW Kullgren, B Xu, J Raymond, KN AF Durbin, PW Kullgren, B Xu, J Raymond, KN TI Development of decorporation agents for the actinides SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intakes of Radionuclides - Occupational and Public Exposure CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE SP British Nuclear Fuels plc, COGEMA, Colenco Power Engn Ltd, Deutsche Gesell Bau & Betrieb Endlagem Abfallstoffe mbH, Electricite de France, Gesell Nukl Serv GmbH, Hemispheres, Plessis Robinson, Nukem Nukl, Siemens, TUV, Hanover, Germany, TUV, Munich, Germany, Vereinig Deutsch Elektrizitatswerke ID SIMULATED WOUND CONTAMINATION; ION SEQUESTERING AGENTS; HYDROXYPYRIDINONATE LIGANDS; CHELATION-THERAPY; DTPA; 3,4,3-LIHOPO; PLUTONIUM; RAT; AMERICIUM; EFFICACY AB Chelation therapy for internally deposited actinides has been shown to reduce acute radiation damage and chemical toxicity and the severity of late radiation effects; This review traces the development of chelating agents for the actinides from the introduction of EDTA in the early 1950s, through the design and evaluation of multidentate ligands modelled after natural chelators of ferric iron, containing catecholate [CAM(S), CAM(C), MeTAM] or hydroxypyridinonate [1,2-HOPO, Me-3,2-HOPO] metal binding units. The most promising agents for in vivo chelation of plutonium, americium, and neptunium contain HOPO units, and the most efficient HOPO ligands are octadentate 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) and tetradentate 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO). Tetradentate ligands with a linear 5-carbon backbone containing CAM(S), CAM(C), or Me-3,2-HOPO binding units are promising agents For decorporation of uranium. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Durbin, PW (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 69 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 23 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 433 EP 443 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JA UT WOS:000076289100094 ER PT J AU Metivier, H Boecker, BB Inaba, J Eckerman, KF Menzel, HG Stather, JW AF Metivier, H Boecker, BB Inaba, J Eckerman, KF Menzel, HG Stather, JW TI Intakes of radionuclides - Occupational and public exposure - Panel discussion SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Etud Nucl, DRSN, Inst Protect & Surete Nucl, F-92265 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Resp Tract Dosimetry Workshop, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Radiotoxicol Protect Div, Inage Ku, Chiba 263, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Hlth Studies Div, Metab & Dosimetry Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Commiss European Communities, Radiat Protect Res Act DG XII, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. Natl Radiol Protect Board, Div Res, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. Siemens AG, Corp Off Radiat Protect, D-81739 Munich 83, Germany. Coleneo Power Engn Ltd, Dept Groundwater Protect & Waste Disposal, CH-5405 Baden, Switzerland. Natl Radiol Protect Board, Assessments Div, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Radiol Protect Board, Dose Assessments Dept, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. Belgoproc NV, Dept Hlth Phys, B-2480 Dessel, Belgium. Gesell Strahlen & Umweltforsch MbH, Inst Inhalat Biol, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany. Siemens AG, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Natl Inst Radiat Protect, Ctr Radiat Hyg, CZ-10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic. RP Metivier, H (reprint author), Ctr Etud Nucl, DRSN, Inst Protect & Surete Nucl, BP 6, F-92265 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 523 EP 529 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 126JA UT WOS:000076289100113 ER PT J AU McDonald, JC Schwartz, RB Thomas, RH AF McDonald, JC Schwartz, RB Thomas, RH TI Neutron dose equivalent conversion coefficients have changed in the last forty years ... Haven't they? SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB Conversion coefficients relating neutron fluence lo dose equivalent were first made available forty years ago, and subsequently many versions of the coefficients have been published in the scientific literature. These conversion coefficients have been tabulated in a number of formats that related, for example. the fluence rate to maximum dose equivalent rate; the fluence rate, in a period of 40 h, producing a maximum dose equivalent of 1 mSv; and the fluence to ambient dose equivalent. The dose equivalent quantities have been specified in a number of phantoms, including: semi-infinite slabs of tissue-equivalent materials, right-circular and elliptical cylinders, and the ICRU sphere. Significant changes in the definitions of the radiation protection quantities have taken place. Interestingly, the neutron conversion coefficients have remained nearly invariant. It appears that the current set of conversion coefficients are adequate for radiation protection dosimetry and that, barring any unexpectedly large changes in neutron cross section or risk data, further changes are neither necessary nor desirable in the foreseeable future. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McDonald, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 78 IS 2 BP 147 EP 149 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 123MJ UT WOS:000076128700010 ER PT J AU Suzuki, T Numajiri, M Ban, S Kanda, Y Oki, Y Namito, Y Miura, T Hirayama, H Shibata, T Kondo, K Takasaki, M Tanaka, KH Yamanoi, Y Minakawa, M Noumi, H Ieiri, M Kato, Y Ishii, H Suzuki, Y Nishikawa, K Mokhov, N AF Suzuki, T Numajiri, M Ban, S Kanda, Y Oki, Y Namito, Y Miura, T Hirayama, H Shibata, T Kondo, K Takasaki, M Tanaka, KH Yamanoi, Y Minakawa, M Noumi, H Ieiri, M Kato, Y Ishii, H Suzuki, Y Nishikawa, K Mokhov, N TI Soil shielding benchmark experiment and its simulation with MARS using secondary particles produced by 12 GeV protons SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID AL AB A soil-shielding benchmark experiment was conducted using secondary particles produced by 12 GeV protons, which were injected into an iron rod surrounded by soil. Induced activities of Na-22 in aluminium (Al) and soil samples were measured and the experiment was simulated by the MARS Monte Carlo code. The induced activities in Al samples were calculated using spallation cross sections and fluence, where the fluence was calculated by the MARS code. The relation between flux density and induced activities in soil was investigated using calculated flux densities: the distribution of the ratio of induced activities in soil samples to the flux densities showed the radial and axial independence. Both saturated activities and distribution coincide with experimental data within the estimated errors. These results indicate the successful simulation by the MARS code. C1 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Suzuki, T (reprint author), KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, 1-1 Oho, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 1998 VL 78 IS 4 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 136EL UT WOS:000076845500008 ER PT J AU Radivoyevitch, T Hoel, DG Hahnfeldt, PJ Rydberg, B Sachs, RK AF Radivoyevitch, T Hoel, DG Hahnfeldt, PJ Rydberg, B Sachs, RK TI Recent data obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggest two types of double-strand breaks SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; DNA-DAMAGE; REPAIR; RADIATION; CELLS; INDUCTION; MODEL AB The temporal evolution of unrejoined and misrejoined DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) produced by high doses (80-160 Gy) of X rays has been estimated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (Lobrich et at, Proc. Natl, Acad. Sci. USA 92, 12050-12054, 1995). We attempted to fit these data to three models. An RBM ("Revell binary misrejoining") model, based on the usual repair-misrepair and lethal-potentially lethal models, appears to be inconsistent with the data, The main discrepancies are the following: (1) The RBM model predicts that 90% of the misrejoined DSBs form by the time 75% of the DSBs have disappeared, while the data indicate that only 50% are formed by this time; and (2) the model predicts an increasing fraction of DSBs misrejoined at 160 Gy compared to 80 Gy, while the data support approximately equal fractions misrejoined. These discrepancies are alleviated in the Sax subset (SS) and Revell subset (RS) models, In the SS and RS models, two types (or subsets) of DSBs exist: those that are active in misrejoining and those that are not, In the SS model, active DSBs misrejoin by the breakage-and-reunion mechanism described by Sax; in the RS model, active DSBs either repair, or misrejoin according to the complete exchange misrejoining mechanism described by Revell, Both models are consistent with the data set considered. (C) 1998 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Joint Ctr Radiat Therapy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Radivoyevitch, T (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 63897-03] NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 149 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.2307/3579681 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YN894 UT WOS:000071219400007 PM 9421154 ER PT B AU Burns, SP AF Burns, SP BE Mengue, MP TI Application of spatial and angular domain based parallelism to a discrete ordinates formulation with unstructured spatial discretization SO RADIATIVE TRANSFER II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Radiation Transfer CY JUL, 1997 CL KUSADASI, TURKEY SP Int Ctr Heat & Mass Transfer, Sci & Technol Council Turkey, METU, Univ Kentucky AB A parallel discrete ordinate formulation employing a general, unstructured finite element spatial discretization is presented for steady, gray, nonscattering radiative heat transport within a participating medium. The formulation is based on the first order form of the Boltzmann transport equation and allows for any combination of spatial and angular domain based parallelism The formulation is tested on a massively parallel, distributed memory architecture using a standard three-dimensional benchmark calculation. The results show that the formulation presented provides better parallel performance and accuracy than the author's previously published work. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Burns, SP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-567-00116-5 PY 1998 BP 173 EP 193 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BN04D UT WOS:000080479900010 ER PT B AU de Bruijn, FJ Wopereis, J Kapranov, P Dazzo, FB Szczyglowski, K AF de Bruijn, FJ Wopereis, J Kapranov, P Dazzo, FB Szczyglowski, K BE Flores, HE Lynch, JP Eissenstat, D TI The use of the model legume Lotus japonicus to study nodulation and lateral root formation SO RADICAL BIOLOGY: ADVANCES AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUNCTION OF PLANT ROOTS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology CY MAY 22-24, 1997 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP DOE, NSF, USDA, Natk Sci Fdn, Amer Soc Plant Physiologists HO PENN STATE UNIV ID PISUM-SATIVUM-L; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; SESBANIA-ROSTRATA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; NODULIN GENES; TOMATO MUTANT; GLYCINE-MAX; AUXIN; RHIZOBIUM C1 Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP de Bruijn, FJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA BN 0-943088-35-6 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1998 VL 18 BP 153 EP 163 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BN49N UT WOS:000082033600014 ER PT B AU Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Kollgaard, RI Feigelson, ED AF Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Kollgaard, RI Feigelson, ED BE Zensus, JA Taylor, GB Wrobel, JM TI The Rosat Green Bank sample of intermediate BL Lac objects SO RADIO EMISSION FROM GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC COMPACT SOURCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 164 on Radio Emission from Galactic and Extragalactic Compact Sources CY APR 21-26, 1997 CL NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, MACEY CTR, SOCORRO, NM SP Int Astron Union, Commiss 28 Galaxies, Int Astron Union, Commiss 40 Radio Astron, Union Radio Sci Int, Commiss J Radio Astron, Associated Univ Inc HO NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL, MACEY CTR AB The Rosat-Green Bank BL Lac sample consists of 119 objects and smoothly bridges the gap between the previously disparate subclasses of radio- and X-ray-selected objects. Further study of this sample should provide useful constraints to the unified scheme and help determine if modifications are necessary. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Laurent-Muehleisen, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-64-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 144 BP 163 EP 164 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL75N UT WOS:000076608500067 ER PT J AU Burky, RR Kirner, DL Taylor, RE Hare, PE Southon, JR AF Burky, RR Kirner, DL Taylor, RE Hare, PE Southon, JR TI C-14 dating of bone using gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and alpha-carboxyglycine (aminomalonate) SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Radiocarbon Conference CY JUN, 1997 CL GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Groninger Universiteitsfonds ID FOSSIL BONE; AMINO-ACID; RADIOCARBON; OSTEOCALCIN; COLLAGEN; PROTEIN; DECARBOXYLATION; ARIZONA; MATRIX AB Radiocarbon determinations have been obtained on gamma-carboxyglutamic acid [Gla] and alpha-carboxyglycine (aminomalonate) [Am] as well as acid- and base-hydrolyzed total amino acids isolated from a series of fossil bones. As far as we are aware, Am has not been reported previously in fossil bone and neither Gla nor Am C-14 values have been measured previously. Interest in Gla, an amino acid found in the non-collagen proteins osteocalcin and matrix Gla-protein (MGP), proceeds from the suggestion that it may be preferentially retained and more resistant to diagenetic contamination affecting C-14 values in bones exhibiting low and trace amounts of collagen. Our data do not support these suggestions. The suite of bones examined showed a general tendency for total amino acid and Gla concentrations to decrease in concert. Even for bones retaining significant amounts of collagen, Gla (and Am extracts) can yield C-14 values discordant with their expected age and with C-14 values obtained on total amino-acid fractions isolated from the same bone sample. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Anthropol, AMS Res Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Burky, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Anthropol, AMS Res Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM retaylor@citrus.ucr.edu; southonl@llnl.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1 SI SI BP 11 EP 20 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 113KT UT WOS:000075550700005 ER PT J AU Hughen, KA Overpeck, JT Lehman, SJ Kashgarian, M Southon, JR AF Hughen, KA Overpeck, JT Lehman, SJ Kashgarian, M Southon, JR TI A new C-14 calibration data set for the last deglaciation based on marine varves SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Radiocarbon Conference CY JUN, 1997 CL GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Groninger Universiteitsfonds ID YOUNGER DRYAS; GERMAN OAK; ATMOSPHERIC C-14/C-12; BRISTLECONE PINE; ATLANTIC REGION; CORALS; AGES; GREENLAND; VENTILATION; CHRONOLOGY AB Varved sediments of the tropical Cariaco Basin provide a new C-14 calibration data set for the period of deglaciation (10,000 to 14,500 years before present: 10-14.5 cal ka sp). Independent evaluations of the Cariaco Basin calendar and C-14 chronologies were based on the agreement of varve ages with the GISP2 ice core layer chronology for similar high-resolution paleoclimate records, in addition to C-14 age agreement with terrestrial 14C dates, even during large climatic changes. These assessments indicate that the Cariaco Basin C-14 reservoir age remained stable throughout the Younger Dryas and late Allerod climatic events and that the varve and C-14 chronologies provide an accurate alternative to existing calibrations based on coral U/Th dates. The Cariaco Basin calibration generally agrees with coral-derived calibrations but is more continuous and resolves century-scale details of C-14 change not seen in the coral records. C-14 plateaus can be identified at 9.6, 11.4, and 11.7 C-14 ka BP, in addition to a large, sloping "plateau" during the Younger Dryas (similar to 10 to 11 C-14 ka sp). Accounting for features such as these is crucial to determining the relative timing and rates of change during abrupt global climate changes of the last deglaciation. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hughen, KA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418 NR 40 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1 SI SI BP 483 EP 494 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 113KT UT WOS:000075550700059 ER PT J AU Schadel, M Bruchle, W Jager, E Schausten, B Wirth, G Paulus, W Gunther, R Eberhardt, K Kratz, JV Seibert, A Strub, E Thorle, P Trautmann, N Waldek, A Zauner, S Schumann, D Kirbach, U Kubica, B Misiak, R Nagame, Y Gregorich, KE AF Schadel, M Bruchle, W Jager, E Schausten, B Wirth, G Paulus, W Gunther, R Eberhardt, K Kratz, JV Seibert, A Strub, E Thorle, P Trautmann, N Waldek, A Zauner, S Schumann, D Kirbach, U Kubica, B Misiak, R Nagame, Y Gregorich, KE TI Aqueous chemistry of seaborgium (Z = 106) SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE seaborgium; element 106; aqueous chemistry; hydrolysis ID ELEMENT-106 AB Seaborgium was previously eluted from cation exchange columns like its homologs molybdenum and tungsten in 0.1 M HNO(3)/5 x 10(-4) M HF. Its chemical form was presumably a neutral or anionic oxygen containing fluoride. However, species containing no fluoride such as SgO(4)(2-) could not be excluded. In order to verify that fluoride complexing played a role in the previous study, another series of cation exchange separations was performed with 7-s (265)Sg in which 0.1 M HNO(3) without HF was used as eluent. (265)Sg and (169)W were produced simultaneously by bombarding a (248)Cm target containing Gd with 124 MeV (22)Ne ions. While (169)W was eluted from the cation exchange columns with an average chemical yield of 59%, no (265)Sg decay chain was detected in the eluent even though about 5 alpha alpha-correlations were expected. This non-tungsten like behaviour of seaborgium is tentatively attributed to its lower tendency to hydrolyze compared to that of tungsten. In the previous experiments with seaborgium in the presence of fluoride ions, neutral or anionic fluoride complexes, e.g., SgO(2)F(2) or SgO(2)F(3)(-), were likely to be formed and were eluted from the cation exchange columns. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Analyt Chem, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. JAERI, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schadel, M (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Strub, Erik/N-1308-2015 OI Strub, Erik/0000-0002-4136-2871 NR 6 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 83 IS 3 BP 163 EP 165 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 170QQ UT WOS:000078817900011 ER PT J AU Lu, N Cotter, CR Kitten, HD Bentley, J Triay, IR AF Lu, N Cotter, CR Kitten, HD Bentley, J Triay, IR TI Reversibility of sorption of plutonium-239 onto hematite and goethite colloids SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE soluble Pu(V); colloidal Pu(IV); natural groundwater; synthetic groundwater; liquid scintillation analyzer; alpha activity ID CHEMISTRY AB Laboratory batch sorption experiments were conducted to evaluate: 1) sorption of plutonium-239 (Pu-239) On different iron oxide colloids (hematite and goethite), 2) sorption kinetics of colloidal Pu(IV) and soluble Pu(V) onto these two colloids, and 3) desorption of colloidal Pu(IV) and soluble Pu(V) from Pu-239-loaded colloids as a function of time. Natural groundwater and carbonate-rich synthetic groundwater were used in this study. To examine the possible influence of bicarbonate on Pu-239 sorption, an additional set of experiments was conducted in sodium nitrate (NaNO3) solutions under carbon dioxide free environments. Our results show that colloidal Pu(IV) as well as soluble Pu(V) was rapidly adsorbed by hematite and goethite colloids in both natural and synthetic groundwater. The amount of Pu-239 adsorbed by both iron oxide colloids in synthetic groundwater was higher than in natural groundwater. The presence of carbonate did not influence the sorption of Pu-239. While sorption of soluble Pu(V) is a slow process, sorption of colloidal Pu(IV) occurs rapidly. Desorption of Pu from iron oxide colloids is much slower than the sorption processes. Our findings suggest that different sorption and desorption behaviors of Pu-239 by iron oxide colloids in groundwater may facilitate the transport of Pu-239 along potential flowpaths from the areas contaminated by radionuclide and release to the accessible environment. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, MS J 514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 14 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 83 IS 4 BP 167 EP 173 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 185RX UT WOS:000079684300001 ER PT J AU Friese, JI Nash, KL Jensen, MP Sullivan, JC AF Friese, JI Nash, KL Jensen, MP Sullivan, JC TI Kinetic study of the reactions of Np(V) and U(VI) with oxydiacetic acid SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium(VI); neptunium(V); kinetics; complexation; oxydiacetic acid ID CHLOROPHOSPHONAZO-III; DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; COMPLEXATION; DIOXOURANIUM(VI); GEOMETRY AB The rate and mechanism of complexation reactions of neptunyl(V) and uranyl(VI) by oxydiacetic acid at pH 3 in 1.0 M NaClO4 solutions has been investigated by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. This tridentate ligand is able to accommodate the structural requirements of the linear dioxoactinide cations, and is known to form moderately stable complexes with these metal ions. As was reported previously in a study of diphosphonate complexes of these metal ions, the rate of formation of the respective 1:1 complexes is faster for Np(V) than U(VI), despite a stronger thermodynamic driving force for the latter. This result further supports the proposition that the rate of solvent and ligand rearrangement in the precursor complex is an important parameter in determining the rate of actinyl complexation reactions. The applicability of Marcus reaction rate theory, as modified by Albery, to complexation reactions of this type is discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Friese, JI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 83 IS 4 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 185RX UT WOS:000079684300002 ER PT J AU Rai, D Felmy, AR Hess, NJ Moore, DA Yui, M AF Rai, D Felmy, AR Hess, NJ Moore, DA Yui, M TI A thermodynamic model for the solubility of UO2(am) in the aqueous K+-Na+-HCO3--CO32--OH--H2O system SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Migration 97 Conference CY OCT 26-31, 1997 CL SENDAI, JAPAN DE UO2(am); solubility; thermodynamics; U(IV) hydrous oxide; U(CO3)(5)(6-); carbonate complexes ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; HYDROGEN CARBONATE SOLUTIONS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; CONCENTRATED NAHCO3; NA2CO3 SOLUTIONS; ION; EQUILIBRIA; STRENGTHS; TH(IV); OXIDE AB Solubility data for UO2(am) were determined in the aqueous K+-Na+-HCO3--CO32--OH--H2O system extending to high concentrations of carbonate, bicarbonate, and mixed carbonate-hydroxide. Several precautions were taken, including the use of reductants (Fe powder and Na2S2O4), to maintain uranium in the tetravalent state. A combination of techniques (UV-Vis-IR, X-ray absorption spectroscopy [XAS], and solvent extraction) were used to identify species and oxidation states in the solid and aqueous phases. The most important species in CO32- and relatively concentrated HCO3- solutions was U(CO3)(5)(6-), which was identified by W-Vis-IR and XAS techniques. The predicted minimum set of dominant species that reasonably described all of the experimental data were 1) U(CO3)(5)(6-) in low to high concentrations of carbonate and hydroxide and in high concentrations of bicarbonate, and 2) U(OH)(2)(CO3)(2)(2-) in low concentrations of bicarbonate. Because U(CO3)(5)(6-) is highly charged, the values of formation constants involving this species depend on the choice of ion-interaction parameters. The values of beta((0)) and beta((1)), Fitter modeling parameters, for U(CO3)(5)(6-) with Na+ or K+ that best described the experimental data were 1.5 and 31.3, respectively, and are similar to the recently determined values (beta((0)) = 1.31 and beta((1)) = 30.0) for analogous Th(IV) species. The logarithm of the thermodynamic equilibrium constant for the UO2(am) dissolution reaction (UO2(am) + 5CO(3)(2-) + 4H(+) reversible arrow U(CO3)(5)(6-) + 2H(2)O) was found to be 33.8, and for (UO2(am) + 2HCO(3)(-) reversible arrow U(OH)(2)(CO3)(2)(2-)). This value was found to be -4.8. These values, when combined with the solubility product of UO2(am) (log = -53.44), provided the following values of the logarithm of the equilibrium constant: for (U4+ + 5CO(3)(2-) reversible arrow U(CO3)(5)(6-)) the value was 31.29 and for (U4+ + 2CO(3)(2-) + 2OH(-) reversible arrow U(OH)(2)(CO3)(2)(2-)) the value was 41.33. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Power Reactor & Nucl Fuel Dev Corp, Tokai Works, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Rai, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 14 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 82 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 150UE UT WOS:000077683000004 ER PT J AU Denecke, MA Reich, T Pompe, S Bubner, M Heise, KH Nitsche, H Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK Czerwinski, KR AF Denecke, MA Reich, T Pompe, S Bubner, M Heise, KH Nitsche, H Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK Czerwinski, KR TI EXAFS investigations of the interaction of humic acids and model compounds with uranyl cations in solid complexes SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Migration 97 Conference CY OCT 26-31, 1997 CL SENDAI, JAPAN DE humic acids; uranium; uranyl humates; EXAFS ID ION; SPECTROSCOPY; SUBSTANCES AB Natural humic acids, HA's, having Varying amounts of their proton exchange capacities, PEC's, loaded with uranyl ions and synthetic HA loaded with 14% PEC were prepared either from solution or from suspension. The interaction of uranium with the humates was studied using U L-III-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure, EXAFS, and infrared, IR, spectroscopy. IR results indicate a direct complexation of the uranyl ions onto the HA's. The spectral positions of the asymmetric and symmetric IR stretching frequencies for COO- in the complex suggest monodentate coordination of HA carboxylate groups onto the uranyl cation. In all samples studied, the EXAFS analysis yielded axial uranium-oxygen distances of 1.77-1.78 Angstrom and five oxygen atoms in the plane equatorial to the uranyl unit at distances of 2.37-2.39 Angstrom. The bond distances determined from the EXAFS are the same, within the experimental error, for both synthetic and two different natural uranyl humates, for samples with large loadings and samples with relatively low uranyl loadings, as well as for dry and wet paste samples; Comparison of the EXAFS from the uranyl humates with that observed for two crystalline uranyl carboxylate complexes indicates that the HA carboxylate groups act predominantly as monodentate ligands when bound to the uranyl unit. Additional, neutral ligands must also be coordinated to the uranyl ion in order to satisfy the uranyl cation coordination number determined as 5 +/- 0.7. C1 Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, Dresden, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Boston, MA USA. RP Nitsche, H (reprint author), Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, Dresden, Germany. RI Reich, Tobias/C-7064-2016 OI Reich, Tobias/0000-0002-5600-3951 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 82 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 150UE UT WOS:000077683000017 ER PT J AU Reed, DT Wygmans, DG Aase, SB Banaszak, JE AF Reed, DT Wygmans, DG Aase, SB Banaszak, JE TI Reduction of Np(VI) and Pu(VI) by organic chelating agents SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Migration 97 Conference CY OCT 26-31, 1997 CL SENDAI, JAPAN DE plutonium; neptunium; waste isolation pilot plant (WIPP); organic chelates; reduction AB The reduction of NpO22+ and PuO22+ by oxalate, citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was investigated in low ionic strength media and brines. This was done to help establish the stability of the An(VI) oxidation state in the presence of organic complexants. The stability of the An(VI) oxidation state depended on the pH and relative strength of the various oxidation state-specific complexes. At low ionic strength and pH 6, NpO22+ was rapidly reduced to form NpO2+ organic complexes. At longer times, Np(IV) organic complexes were observed in the presence of citrate. PuO22+ was predominantly reduced to Pu4+, resulting in the formation of organic complexes or polymeric/hydrolytic precipitates. The relative rates of reduction to the An(V) complex were EDTA > citrate > oxalate. Subsequent reduction to An(IV) complexes, however, occurred in the following order: citrate > EDTA > oxalate because of the stability of the An(V)-EDTA complex. The presence of organic complexants led to the rapid reduction of NpO22+ and PuO22+ in G-Seep brine at pHs 5 and 7. At pHs 8 and 10 in ERDA-6 brine, carbonate and hydrolytic complexes predominated and slowed down or prevented the reduction of An(VI) by the organics present. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reed, DT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 82 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 150UE UT WOS:000077683000018 ER PT J AU Cavellec, R Lucas, C Simoni, E Hubert, S Edelstein, N AF Cavellec, R Lucas, C Simoni, E Hubert, S Edelstein, N TI Structural characterization of sorption complexes of Cm(III) at the phosphate minerals-solution interface using laser spectrofluorimetry SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Migration 97 Conference CY OCT 26-31, 1997 CL SENDAI, JAPAN DE sorption; actinide; phosphate; spectroscopy ID DISSOLUTION AB The sorption of curium onto various phosphate such as Th-4(PO4)(4)P2O7, ZrP2O7, Zr2O(PO4)(2), and the fluoroapatite Ca-10(PO4)(6)F-2 has been studied. Laser spectrofluorimetry has been used for monitoring the sorption processes and characterizing the structure of the surface complexes, taking into account the speciation of Cm(III) in solution. The formation of surface complexes for thorium and zirconium phosphate and ion exchange for the fluoroapatite have been demonstrated. C1 Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, F-914067 Orsay, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cavellec, R (reprint author), Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, F-914067 Orsay, France. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 82 BP 221 EP 225 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 150UE UT WOS:000077683000035 ER PT J AU Francis, AJ Gillow, JB Dodge, CJ Dunn, M Mantione, K Strietelmeier, BA Pansoy-Hjelvik, ME Papenguth, HW AF Francis, AJ Gillow, JB Dodge, CJ Dunn, M Mantione, K Strietelmeier, BA Pansoy-Hjelvik, ME Papenguth, HW TI Role of bacteria as biocolloids in the transport of actinides from a deep underground radioactive waste repository SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Migration 97 Conference CY OCT 26-31, 1997 CL SENDAI, JAPAN DE actinides; halophilic bacteria; biocolloids; actinide association; toxicity AB We investigated the interaction of dissolved actinides Th-232, U-238, Np-237, Pu-239, and Am-243, with a pure and a mixed culture of halophilic bacteria isolated from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant repository under anaerobic conditions to evaluate their potential transport as biocolloids from the waste site. The sizes of the bacterial cells studied ranged from 0.54X0.48 mu m to 7.7 X0.67 mu m (1Xw). Using sequential microfiltration, we determined the association of actinides with free-living (mobile) bacterial cells suspended in a fluid medium containing NaCl or MgCl2 brine, at various phases of their growth cycles. The number of suspended bacteria ranged from 10(6) to 10(9) cells ml(-1). The amount of actinide associated with the suspended cell fraction (calculated as mol cell(-1)) was very low: Th, 10(-12); U, 10(-15)-10(-18); Np, 10(-15)-10(-19); Pu, 10(-18)-10(-21); and Am, 10(-18)-10(-19); and it varied with the bacterial culture studied. The differences in the association are attributed to the extent of bioaccumulation and biosorption by the bacteria, pH, the composition of the brine, and the speciation and bioavailability of the actinides. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Francis, AJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 82 BP 347 EP 354 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 150UE UT WOS:000077683000056 ER PT J AU Banaszak, JE VanBriesen, JM Rittmann, BE Reed, DT AF Banaszak, JE VanBriesen, JM Rittmann, BE Reed, DT TI Mathematical modelling of the effects of aerobic and anaerobic chelate biodegradation on actinide speciation SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Migration 97 Conference CY OCT 26-31, 1997 CL SENDAI, JAPAN DE actinides; speciation; biological effects; coupled modelling; chelates; biodegradation ID METAL-CITRATE COMPLEXES; CARBONATE COMPLEXES; NEPTUNIUM(V); NITRILOTRIACETATE; METABOLISM; TRANSPORT; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; AGENTS; CELLS AB Biodegradation of natural and anthropogenic chelating agents directly and indirectly affects the speciation, and hence, the mobility of actinides in subsurface environments. We combined mathematical modelling with laboratory experimentation to investigate the effects of aerobic and anaerobic chelate biodegradation on actinide [Np(IV/V), Pu(IV)] speciation. Under aerobic conditions, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) biodegradation rates were strongly influenced by the actinide concentration. Actinide-chelate complexation reduced the relative abundance of available growth substrate in solution and actinide species present or released during chelate degradation were toxic to the organisms. Aerobic bioutilization of the chelates as electron-donor substrates directly affected actinide speciation by releasing the radionuclides from complexed form into solution, where their fate was controlled by inorganic ligands in the system. Actinide speciation was also indirectly affected by pH changes caused by organic biodegradation. The two concurrent processes of organic biodegradation and actinide aqueous chemistry were accurately linked and described using CCBATCH, a computer model developed at Northwestern University to investigate the dynamics of coupled biological and chemical reactions in mixed waste subsurface environments. CCBATCH was then used to simulate the fate of Np during anaerobic citrate biodegradation. The modelling studies suggested that, under some conditions, chelate degradation can increase Np(IV) solubility due to carbonate complexation in closed aqueous systems. C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Banaszak, JE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 82 BP 445 EP 451 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 150UE UT WOS:000077683000070 ER PT J AU Gibson, JK AF Gibson, JK TI Laser ablation mass spectrometry of actinide dioxides: ThO2, UO2, NpO2, PuO2 and AmO2 SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; actinide oxides; laser ionization; vaporization; actinide analysis ID IONIZATION; VAPORIZATION; SPECTRUM; OXIDES AB Pulsed laser ablation is a convenient means for direct-sampling analysis of solids, including actinide (An)-containing environmental and surplus materials. Ablated ions (An(+)) can be efficiently analyzed and detected by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and elemental specificity/sensitivity can be enhanced by resonant laser ablation (RLA) in which the ablating laser is tuned to an atomic absorption to enhance the ion yield of a specific element. A primary goal here was to assess the applicability of RLA to actinide oxides, in which the metal coordination is similar to that in common solid materials such as glasses, ceramics, soils, etc. Actinide dioxides, ThO2, UO2, NpO2, PuO2 and/or AmO2, were embedded in a copper matrix and the An(+), AnO(+) and AnO(2)(+) abundance distributions were determined at various ablating wavelengths in the region between 490 and 520 Mm. It was concluded that ablation of actinide oxide species can obfuscate the atomic specificity of RLA. Additionally, heavy An atoms exhibit a multitude of closely spaced energy levels which hampers the ability to selectively excite/ionize a specific An this hindrance is exacerbated by absorption line-broadening in the ablation plume. Wavelength-dependencies in the yields of both atomic and oxide ions were observed and are interpreted in the context of atomic and/or molecular absorptions which result in enhanced ionization of both directly excited neutrals and, in some cases, species indirectly excited by collisional energy transfer in the dense ablation plume. A second goal was to assess the high-temperature chemistry of AnO(2) vaporization as revealed by nanosecond laser ablation. A general observation was that the monoxide ion abundances i.e., AnO(+) relative to An(+) - paralleled the known neutral oxide molecule dissociation energies. These laser ablation results provide predictions of relative abundances of the various oxide (and other) ions under high-temperature conditions and allow comparison of neutral molecule thermochemistry with that of the corresponding ionized species. It is particularly significant that this microscale technique is capable of assessing the stabilities of diverse transuranium high-temperature vapor species and will be applicable to actinides through Cf. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 13 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 83 EP 91 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 129PJ UT WOS:000076471900004 ER PT J AU Al Mahamid, I Novak, CF Becraft, KA Carpenter, SA Hakem, N AF Al Mahamid, I Novak, CF Becraft, KA Carpenter, SA Hakem, N TI Solubility of Np(V) in K-Cl-CO3 and Na-K-Cl-CO3 solutions to high concentrations: Measurements and thermodynamic model predictions SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Np(V); solubility; activity coefficients; concentrated electrolytes; thermodynamics; brine ID NATURAL-WATERS; NEPTUNIUM(V) AB The solubility of Np(V) in K-Cl-CO3 and Na-K-Cl-CO3 solutions was measured to confirm a published thermodynamic model for Np(V) solubility and solubility-controlling solid phases. Undersaturation experiments starting with NpO2OH(am), KNpO2CO3(s), or Na3NpO2(CO3)(2)(s) were conducted in KCl + K2CO3 and NaCl + KCl + Na2CO3 solutions to high electrolyte concentrations. Steady-state dissolved Np(V) concentrations were obtained within 180 days, at which time the final solid phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques. The thermodynamic model and data base, based on the Fitter ion interaction formalism for activity coefficients, has been parameterized in the NaCl, NaClO4, NaCl-CO2(g), NaClO4-CO2(g), Na2CO3, and K2CO3 systems but has not been parameterized using data from K-CI-CO, and Na-K-Cl-CO3 solutions. Predictions from the thermodynamic model match measured Np(V) solubilities in K-Cl-CO3 solutions to within 0.3 log units, confirming recent parameter values. Np(V) solubilities in Na-K-Cl-CO3 solutions agree within 0.5 log units when KNpO2CO3(s) was the equilibrium solid phase. A deviation of up to 0.8 log units resulted when Na3NpO2(CO3)(2)(s) was the equilibrium solid phase. Additionally, the data base provides satisfactory predictions of oversaturation solubility experiments in three complex synthetic brines. This work demonstrates that thermodynamic models can provide reliable predictions of Np(V) solubility in concentrated groundwaters such as may exist in the near- and far-field environments of nuclear waste repositories located in salt beds. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Novak, CF (reprint author), 188 Landers St 2, San Francisco, CA 94114 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 93 EP 101 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 129PJ UT WOS:000076471900005 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DI Serne, RJ AF Kaplan, DI Serne, RJ TI Pertechnetate exclusion from sediments SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE anions; technetium; pertechnetate; anion exclusion; negative adsorption ID ANION EXCLUSION; MINERALS; SOIL; TECHNETIUM; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; WATER; FLOW; ION AB When negatively charged sediments come into contact with groundwater, the solution cations are attracted to and the solution anions are repelled from the sediment. This repulsion process, referred to as anion exclusion, may result in enhanced transport of anions through porous aquifer sediments. Laboratory batch experiments and theoretical calculations based on the Gouy theory of the diffuse double layer were conducted to evaluate anion exclusion by technetium (as TcO4-) in two smectite-containing sediments. All distribution coefficients (K-d: the ratio of the concentration of sorbed solute to the concentration of dissolved solute) were very low for both sediments, ranging from -0.18 to +0.11 mL/g. The standard deviations associated with these means were generally quite low, typically <0.07 mL/g. Seventy-five percent of the K-d values were negative, of which 73% had associated standard deviation values that did not include 0 mL/g (i.e., the average plus the standard deviation was <0 mL/g). During a 396-day sorption experiment, the degree of anion exclusion slightly decreased (adsorption increased) as the contact time between the sediments and Tc amended groundwater increased. The Tc-K-d values calculated from the Gouy theory of the diffuse double layer were within the range of experimentally derived values: -0.01 to -0.02 mL/g. Based on our computer-assisted literature search, there have not been any previous reports of Tc exclusion by sediments. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kaplan, DI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mailstop K6-81, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 129PJ UT WOS:000076471900008 ER PT J AU Dai, S Burleigh, MC Simonson, JM Mesmer, RE Xue, ZL AF Dai, S Burleigh, MC Simonson, JM Mesmer, RE Xue, ZL TI Application of chemometric methods in UV-Vis absorption spectroscopic studies of uranyl ion dimerization reaction in aqueous solutions SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranyl chemistry; chemometrics; uv-vis; uranyl dimerization ID RESOLUTION; HYDROLYSIS; FLUORESCENCE; URANIUM(VI); SPECTRA; COMPLEXES AB Factor analysis and self modeling were used as new methodologies to investigate uv-vis absorption spectra of uranyl (0.08 M) aqueous solutions (pH = 3.16, at the ambient temperature) as a function of temperature (8 degrees C-75 degrees C). The study indicated that the above system can be described as a two-component system involving equilibrium between UO22+ and (UO2)(2)(OH)(2)(2+). The pure spectrum for the dimeric species is extracted from the broad overlapping features via a self-modeling method. In addition, this method allows spectrophotometric determination of the reaction enthalpy for the dimerization reaction. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 195 EP 199 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 138DJ UT WOS:000076955900003 ER PT J AU Kung, KS Lu, N Triay, IR Motyl, KM Roushey, WJ AF Kung, KS Lu, N Triay, IR Motyl, KM Roushey, WJ TI Chemical extraction of plutonium and americium from contaminated Rocky Flats soil SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE citrate; extraction; plutonium; americium; soil ID AM-241; COLORADO AB Chemical batch extraction and column leaching processes were conducted to evaluate the removal of plutonium and americium from contaminated Rocky Flats soil. Citrate solutions in conjunction with ascorbate or dithionite were used as extractants. Effects of extractant concentration, solid to solution ratio, solution pH, extraction time, and temperature on radionuclide removal were investigated. Results demonstrate that the removal of radioactivities using a citrate-dithionite system is generally higher than that using a citrate-ascorbate system. In the citrate-dithionite system, results show that (1) total radioactivity could be removed with more than 90% efficiency, (2) radionuclide removal is strongly correlated to extractant concentration and the solid-to-solution ratio, and (3) there is no effect of extraction time and initial solution pH on radionuclide removal. In the citrate-ascorbate system, conversely, better correlation between removal efficiency and extraction time is identified, which is possibly attributed to the relatively stable reducing condition in the system. The removal of plutonium is sensitive to extractant concentration, which suggests that reduced plutonium is favorably removed from soil. Americium, however, does not require a strong reducing environment to be removed from soil. Column leaching results confirm that reducing agents can significantly enhance the removal of radioactivity and batch extraction data is generally applicable to column leaching process. With a reducing agent, the temperature is found to have little effect on removal. However, using a citrate solution alone and increasing the temperature can double the efficiency of radionuclide removal. Radioanalytical results demonstrate no difference in extracting efficiency for plutonium isotopes during the removal processes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci & Waste Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kung, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci & Waste Technol Grp, Mail Stop J-514,CST-7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 80 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA ZD277 UT WOS:000072669100003 ER PT J AU Pokrovsky, OS Bronikowski, MG Moore, RC Choppin, GR AF Pokrovsky, OS Bronikowski, MG Moore, RC Choppin, GR TI Interaction of neptunyl(V) and uranyl(VI) with EDTA in NaCl media: Experimental study and Pitzer modeling SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE neptunium; uranium; EDTA; complexation; Pitzer parameters ID CONCENTRATED SALT-SOLUTIONS; IONIC-STRENGTH; COMPLEXATION; NEPTUNIUM(V); PARAMETERS; THERMODYNAMICS; 25-DEGREES-C; HYDROLYSIS; NPO2+ AB The complexation of Np(V) and U(VI) by EDTA has been investigated in solutions of 0.3 to 5 m NaCl with pH 2 to 9 at 25 degrees C. A solvent extraction method with HDEHP in heptane was used to measure the stability constants of the species NpO2H2Y-, NpO2HY2-, NpO2Y3-, UO2HY-, and UO2Y2-. The constants showed a small dependence on ionic strength between 1 and 5 m NaCl. The data were modeled using the ion-interaction model of Fitter. Binary interaction parameters are reported for each ion pair necessary to fully represent EDTA deprotonation, and complexation of neptunyl and uranyl with EDTA in 0 to 5 m NaCl solutions. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pokrovsky, OS (reprint author), CNRS, UPS, Lab Geochim, 38 Rue 36 Ponts, F-31400 Toulouse, France. OI Pokrovsky, Oleg/0000-0002-3155-7069 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 80 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA ZD277 UT WOS:000072669100004 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DI Gervais, TL Krupka, KM AF Kaplan, DI Gervais, TL Krupka, KM TI Uranium(VI) sorption to sediments under high pH and ionic strength conditions SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE adsorption; aragonite; calcite; coprecipitation; distribution coefficients; precipitation; sediment; uranium ID ADSORPTION AB A number of potential sources for uranium pollution have background chemistries of high ionic strengths (>0.5 M) and pH (>pH 10), including the liquids from many storage tanks and leachates from vitrified-, saltstone-, and grout-waste forms. The effect of these background chemical conditions on the tendency of U(VI) to sorb to natural sediments is unknown. To evaluate these factors, a series of batch-type experiments were conducted to determine the effects of U(VI) concentration, pH, and ionic strength on U(VI) sorption to a natural sediment containing carbonate mineral phases. The results show that U(VI) adsorption remained constant between 3.3 and 100 mu g/L UO22+ at pH 8.3 and ionic strength of 0.02 M, suggesting that the simple distribution coefficient (K-d) model could be used to describe adsorption between this concentration range. Uranium(VI)-K-d and solubility values did not change as the ionic strength was increased with NaClO4, to 14 mM. Uranium(VI)-K-d values essentially doubled from 1.07 to 2.22 mL/g as the pH of the system increased from pH 8.3 to 9.3. Above pH 10.3, precipitation of U(VI)-containing solids occurred, resulting in apparent K-d values of >400 mL/g. Precipitation did not occur unless a sediment was present. This suggests that heterogeneous precipitation occurred. Thus, in carbonate systems with a pH greater than about 10.5, U(VI) mobility may be much less than in near-neutral pH systems. These results have important ramifications for performance- and risk-assessment calculations involving the transport of U(VI) from highly alkaline sources. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kaplan, DI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 80 IS 4 BP 201 EP 211 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA ZV608 UT WOS:000074322100005 ER PT J AU Taranenko, NI Golovlev, VV Allman, SL Taranenko, NV Chen, CH Hong, J Chang, LY AF Taranenko, NI Golovlev, VV Allman, SL Taranenko, NV Chen, CH Hong, J Chang, LY TI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization for short tandem repeat loci SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA Japanese DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PULSED ION EXTRACTION; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; OF-FLIGHT ANALYSIS; DESORPTION IONIZATION; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; MODIFIED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; SEQUENCING REACTIONS; PROTEINS; GENE AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization was used for the detection of four base short tandem repeats (STR) for clinical samples using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, Since STR plays an important role in genetic disease and human identification, this work indicates that laser desorption mass spectrometry has the potential to achieve rapid DNA typing for both forensic applications and genetic disease diagnosis. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Allman, Steve/A-9121-2011 OI Allman, Steve/0000-0001-6538-7048 NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19980430)12:8<413::AID-RCM175>3.0.CO;2-C PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA ZJ143 UT WOS:000073183800001 PM 9586228 ER PT J AU Lammert, SA AF Lammert, SA TI 1998 directory of mass spectrometry manufacturers and suppliers SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS; SYSTEMS AB An annual directory of companies that supply mass spectrometers and mass spectrometry components and services. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lammert, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, M-S 6120,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 9 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19980515)12:9<495::AID-RCM193>3.0.CO;2-# PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA ZK700 UT WOS:000073352400001 ER PT J AU Hofstadler, SA Griffey, RH Pasa-Tolic, L Smith, RD AF Hofstadler, SA Griffey, RH Pasa-Tolic, L Smith, RD TI The use of a stable internal mass standard for accurate mass measurements of oligonucleotide fragment ions using electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with infrared multiphoton dissociation SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS; COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION; GAS-PHASE; BIOMOLECULES; ENERGETICS; COMPLEXES; PROTEIN AB In this work we demonstrate the use of peptide as a stable internal mass standard to obtain accurate mass measurements of infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) generated phosphorothioate oligonucleotide fragment ions, Because oligonucleotides are more readily dissociated in the gas phase by IRMPD than are proteins or peptides, the duration and power of the IRMPD event can be set above the oligonucleotide dissociation threshold without inducing fragmentation of the internal peptide standard. This concept is illustrated with electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance IRMPD of a 20-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide in the presence of a small amount of insulin a-chain. Using several isotope peaks from multiple charge states of the a-chain as an internal mass standard provides low-ppm mass measurement errors for the IRMPD generated phosphorothioate oligonucleotide fragment ions, In addition to simplifying the assignment of fragment ions generated from IRMPD of oligonucleotides, this method should be directly applicable to the characterization of DNA and RNA adducts and other base modifications, and may facilitate elemental composition determinations of adducts and base modifications from the resulting mass measurements, (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 ISIS Pharmaceut, Ibis Therapeut Div, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hofstadler, SA (reprint author), ISIS Pharmaceut, Ibis Therapeut Div, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 19 BP 1400 EP 1404 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19981015)12:19<1400::AID-RCM337>3.0.CO;2-T PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 124MC UT WOS:000076185300019 ER PT J AU Pretty, JR Van Berkel, GJ AF Pretty, JR Van Berkel, GJ TI Electrochemical sample pretreatment coupled on-line with electrospray mass spectrometry for enhanced elemental analysis SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; ATOMIC-EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; PRE-CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE; FLOW CELL; SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT; ICP-MS; ONLINE; SPECIATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANALYTES AB The successful coupling of a thin-layer, how-by electrochemical cell on-line with electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) for electrochemically modulated sample preconcentration and clean up, using copper(II) as the targeted analyte, is demonstrated. Particular requirements for the interfacing of this electrochemical system with ES-MS, the choice of cell and electrode materials, and the solvent and electrolyte requirements are addressed. The transfer of Cu2+ at low mu g/L levels from matrices that cannot be analyzed directly by ES-MS, including 100% aqueous solutions containing up to 1% (v/v) HNO3 and 1% (w/w) NaCl, to a more suitable medium (i.e. CH3OH/H2O (95/5 v/v) with 5.0 mM ammonium acetate and 0.75% (v/v) acetic acid) via electrochemically controlled reduction (deposition) and oxidation (stripping) of the Cu2+ is demonstrated. Acidic samples and samples containing significant levels of dissolved solids required cell washout times of up to 4.0 min following electrochemical extraction, Nonetheless, analysis time was still less than 8 min per sample. Quantification of 20-50 mu g/L Cu2+ various matrices using standard additions with this electrochemical/ES-MS combination is evaluated. The limitations of this combination in its present state of development and possible future directions are summarized. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 21 BP 1644 EP 1652 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19981115)12:21<1644::AID-RCM377>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 133JC UT WOS:000076682600009 ER PT S AU Nenoff, TM Jackson, NB Miller, JE Sault, AG Trudell, D AF Nenoff, TM Jackson, NB Miller, JE Sault, AG Trudell, D BE Rodriguez, NM Soled, SL Hrbek, J TI Structure-property relationships of BaCeO perovskites for the oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes SO RECENT ADVANCES IN CATALYTIC MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Recent Advances in Catalytic Materials CY DEC 02-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reactions for the formation of two important organic feedstocks ethylene and propylene are of great interest because of the potential in capital and energy savings associated with these reactions. Theoretically, ODH can achieve high conversions of the starting materials (ethane and propane) at lower temperatures than conventional dehydrogenation reactions. The important focus in our study of ODH catalysts is the development of a structure-property relationship for catalyst with respect to selectivity, so as to avoid the more thermodynamically favorable combustion reaction. Catalysts for the ODH reaction generally consist of mixed metal oxides. Since for the most selective catalyst lattice oxygen is known to participate in the reaction, catalysts are sought with surface oxygen atoms that are labile enough to perform dehydrogenation, but not so plentiful or weakly bound as to promote complete combustion. Also, catalysts must be able to replenish surface oxygen by transport from the bulk. Perovskite materials are candidates to fulfill these requirements. We are studying BaCeO3 perovskites doped with elements such as Ca, Mg, and Sr. During the ODH of the alkanes at high temperatures, the perovskite structure is not retained and a mixture of carbonates and oxides is formed, as revealed by XRD. While the Ca doped materials showed enhanced total combustion activity below 600 degrees C, they only showed enhanced alkene production at 700 degrees C. Bulk structural and surface changes, as monitored by powder X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are being correlated with activity in order to understand the factors affecting catalyst performance, and to modify catalyst formulations to improve conversion and selectivity. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Catalysis & Chem Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Catalysis & Chem Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-402-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 497 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL87Z UT WOS:000077031400003 ER PT S AU Chaturvedi, S Rodriguez, JA Hanson, JC Albornoz, A Brito, JL AF Chaturvedi, S Rodriguez, JA Hanson, JC Albornoz, A Brito, JL BE Rodriguez, NM Soled, SL Hrbek, J TI Properties of pure and sulfided NiMoO4 and CoMoO4 catalysts: TPR, XANES and time-resolved XRD studies SO RECENT ADVANCES IN CATALYTIC MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Recent Advances in Catalytic Materials CY DEC 02-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) was used to characterize the structural and electronic properties of a series of cobalt- and nickel-molybdate catalysts (AMoO(4). nH(2)O, alpha-AMoO(4), beta-AMoO(4); A = Co or Ni). The results of XANES indicate that the Co and Ni atoms are in octahedral sites in all these compounds, while the coordination of Mo varies from octahedral in the alpha-phases to tetrahedral in the beta-phases and hydrate. Time-resolved x-ray diffraction shows a direct transformation of the hydrates into the beta-AMoO(4) compounds (following a kinetics of first order) at temperatures between 200 and 350 degrees C. This is facilitated by the similarities that the AMoO(4). nH(2)O and beta-AMoO(4) compounds have in their structural and electronic properties. The molybdates react with H-2 at temperatures between 400 and 600 degrees C, forming gaseous water and oxides in which the oxidation state of Co and Ni remains +2 while that of Mo is reduced to +5 or +4. After exposing alpha-NiMoO4 and beta-NiMoO4 to H2S, both metals get sulfided and a NiMoSx phase is formed. For the beta phase of NiMoO4 the sulfidation of Mo is more extensive than for the alpha phase, making the former a better precursor for catalysts of hydrodesulfurization reactions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Brito, Joaquin/F-4974-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-402-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 497 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL87Z UT WOS:000077031400006 ER PT S AU Loong, CK Short, SM Ozawa, M Suzuki, S AF Loong, CK Short, SM Ozawa, M Suzuki, S BE Rodriguez, NM Soled, SL Hrbek, J TI Redox behavior below 1000K of Pt-impregnated CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions: An in-situ neutron diffraction study SO RECENT ADVANCES IN CATALYTIC MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Recent Advances in Catalytic Materials CY DEC 02-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The Ce3+ <-> Ce4+ redox process in automotive three-way catalysts such as Ce-ZrO2/Pt provides an essential mechanism to oxygen storage/release under dynamic air-to-fuel ratio cycling. Such a function requires a metal-support interaction which is not completely understood. We have carried out an in-situ neutron powder diffraction study to monitor the crystal structures (a mixture of a major tetragonal and a minor monoclinic phase) of 10mol% Ce-doped ZrO2 with and without Pt (1wt%) impregnation under oxidizing and reducing conditions over the temperature range of 25 degrees-700 degrees C. The samples were heated first in bowing 2%O-2/Ar from room temperature to 400 degrees C and then in 1%CO/Ar to about 700 degrees C. A discontinued increase of the tetragonal unit-cell volume, a decrease of tetragonality (c/a), and a change of color from light yellow to gray when changing from oxidizing to reducing atmosphere were observed only in the sample containing Pt. This result supports the model which assumes the formation of oxygen vacancies initially near the Pt atoms. As more Ce ions are reduced from 4+ to 3+ oxidation states at high temperatures, oxygen vacancies migrate to the bulk of the oxide particles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Loong, CK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-402-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 497 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL87Z UT WOS:000077031400010 ER PT S AU Thoma, SG Jackson, NB Nenoff, TM Maxwell, RS AF Thoma, SG Jackson, NB Nenoff, TM Maxwell, RS BE Rodriguez, NM Soled, SL Hrbek, J TI Mixed metal phospho-sulfates for acid catalysis SO RECENT ADVANCES IN CATALYTIC MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Recent Advances in Catalytic Materials CY DEC 02-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Mixed Metal Phospho-Sulfates were prepared and evaluated for use as acid catalysts via 2-methyl-2-pentene isomerization and o-xylene isomerization. Particular members of this class of materials exhibit greater levels of activity than sulfated zirconia as well as lower rates and magnitudes of deactivation. P-31 MAS NMR has been used to examine the role of phosphorous in contributing to the activity and deactivation behavior of these materials, while powder X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, IR, and elemental analysis were used to characterize the bulk catalysts. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thoma, SG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-402-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 497 BP 191 EP 199 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL87Z UT WOS:000077031400027 ER PT S AU Geist, GA AF Geist, GA BE Alexandrov, V Dongarra, J TI Harness: The next generation beyond PVM SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European PVM/MPI Users Group Meeting on Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface CY SEP 07-09, 1998 CL LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND SP Univ Liverpool, PVM MPI Users Grp, Euro Tool Work Grp ESPRIT Programme EC, Fujitsu European Ctr Info Technol Ltd, IBM, UK, NAG Ltd, NA Software Ltd, Progress Comp Syst Ltd, DEC, UK, SiliconGraphics, UK, Univ Liverpool AB Harness is the next generation heterogeneous distributed computing package being developed by the PVM team at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Tennessee, and Emery University. This paper describes the changing trends in cluster computing and how Harness is being designed to address the future needs of PVM and MPI application developers. Harness (which will support both PVM and MPI) will allow users to dynamically customize, adapt, and extend a virtual machine's features to more closely match the needs of their application and to optimize for the underlying computer resources. This paper will describe the architecture and core services of this new virtual machine paradigm, our progress on this project, and our experiences with early prototypes of Harness. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geist, GA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65041-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1497 BP 74 EP 82 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN66F UT WOS:000082522800009 ER PT S AU Fagg, GE London, KS Dongarra, JJ AF Fagg, GE London, KS Dongarra, JJ BE Alexandrov, V Dongarra, J TI MPI_Connect managing heterogeneous MPI applications interoperation and process control - Extended abstract SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European PVM/MPI Users Group Meeting on Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface CY SEP 07-09, 1998 CL LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND SP Univ Liverpool, PVM MPI Users Grp, Euro Tool Work Grp ESPRIT Programme EC, Fujitsu European Ctr Info Technol Ltd, IBM, UK, NAG Ltd, NA Software Ltd, Progress Comp Syst Ltd, DEC, UK, SiliconGraphics, UK, Univ Liverpool AB Presently, different vendors' MPI implementations cannot interoperate directly with each other. As a result, performance of distributed computing across different vendors' machines requires use of a single MPI implementation, such as MPICH. This solution may be sub-optimal since it can not utilize the vendors' own optimized MPI implementations. MPI-Connect, a software package currently under development at the University of Tennessee, provides the needed interoperability between different vendors' optimized MPI implementations. This project grew out of the PVMPI project that utilized PVM to provide inter-platform communication and process control, and was upgraded to use the new MetaComputing SNIPE system which has proven more flexible and less restrictive than PVM when operating upon certain MPPs. MPI-Connect provides two distrinct programming models to its users. The first is a single MPI-COMM-WORLD model similar to that provided by the contempary PACX project. Where inter-communication is completely transparent to MPI applications thus requiring no source level modification of applications. The second is that of uniquely identified process groups that inter-communicate via MPI point-to-point calls. Both systems use the MPI profiling interface to maitain portability between MPI implementations. A unique feature of this system is its ability to allow MPI-2 dynamic process control and inter-operation between MPI implementations. Currently supported implementation include MPICH, LAM 6, IBM MPIF and SGI MPI. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Math Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fagg, GE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65041-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1497 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN66F UT WOS:000082522800011 ER PT S AU Scott, SL Fischer, M Geist, A AF Scott, SL Fischer, M Geist, A BE Alexandrov, V Dongarra, J TI PVM on Windows and NT clusters SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European PVM/MPI Users Group Meeting on Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface CY SEP 07-09, 1998 CL LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND SP Univ Liverpool, PVM MPI Users Grp, Euro Tool Work Grp ESPRIT Programme EC, Fujitsu European Ctr Info Technol Ltd, IBM, UK, NAG Ltd, NA Software Ltd, Progress Comp Syst Ltd, DEC, UK, SiliconGraphics, UK, Univ Liverpool AB This paper is a set of working notes' based on recent experience using PVM on NT clusters and Windows machines. Included in this document are some techniques and tips on setting up your own cluster as well as some of the anomalies encountered during this work. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Paderborn Ctr Parallel Comp, D-33100 Paderborn, Germany. RP Scott, SL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65041-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1497 BP 231 EP 238 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN66F UT WOS:000082522800028 ER PT S AU Papadopoulos, PM Kohl, JA AF Papadopoulos, PM Kohl, JA BE Alexandrov, V Dongarra, J TI Dynamic visualization and steering using PVM and MPI SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European PVM/MPI Users Group Meeting on Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface CY SEP 07-09, 1998 CL LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND SP Univ Liverpool, PVM MPI Users Grp, Euro Tool Work Grp ESPRIT Programme EC, Fujitsu European Ctr Info Technol Ltd, IBM, UK, NAG Ltd, NA Software Ltd, Progress Comp Syst Ltd, DEC, UK, SiliconGraphics, UK, Univ Liverpool AB This paper describes a middleware, called CUMULVS, that allows users to dynamically attach multiple visualization and steering programs to a running parallel simulation. It further develops possible strategies for enabling dynamic attachment to MPI-based simulations using hybrid (PVM and MPI) and MPI-only schemes. The hybrid schemes retain the full range of CUMULVS' dynamic capabilities while MPI-only schemes reduce these dynamics and eliminate any possibility of fault-tolerance. However, both solutions are important, especially on platforms where PVM and MPI cannot co-exist in the same application (on some monolithic MPPs, for example). CUMULVS manages the attachment protocols so that subsets of distributed data can be extracted from the simulation and aggregated into a single array for consistent presentation to the viewer/steerer, termed "front-ends." The software can be simply understood as a translator from distributed data residing within the parallel program to a single monolithic array residing in the front-end memory. The attachment of front-ends is performed on-demand at runtime. The protocols are fault-tolerant allowing both the parallel program and the viewer to recover in the event of failure. Because of this, front-end viewers can appear and disappear throughout the lifetime of a long-running simulation without adversely affecting the simulation code. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Papadopoulos, PM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65041-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1497 BP 297 EP 303 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN66F UT WOS:000082522800036 ER PT B AU Cote, M Grossman, JC Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Cote, M Grossman, JC Cohen, ML Louie, SG BE Kadish, KM Ruoff, RS TI Electronic, structural and superconducting properties of molecular and solid C-36 SO RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF FULLERENES AND RELATED MATERIALS, VOL 6 SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium of the Fullerenes Group on Fullerenes - Chemistry, Physics, and New Directions IX at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Fullerenes Grp AB Among the experimentally observed structures of molecular C-36, our calculations show that the structure with D-6h Symmetry is one of the most energetically favorable. Based on these results and the fact that D-6h is conducive to forming a periodic system, we propose a new solid phase of carbon using C-36 fullerenes as a basis. Full structural relaxations are performed and electronic density of states are evaluated using an ab initio pseudopotential planewave method within the local density approximation. The calculated electron-phonon interaction potential is found to be substantially enhanced compared to C-60, leading to the possibility of larger superconducting transition temperatures than in alkali-doped C-60 solids. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cote, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-202-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 8 BP 33 EP 46 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BL68Q UT WOS:000076312100004 ER PT B AU Gruen, DM Curtiss, LA Redfern, PC Qin, LC AF Gruen, DM Curtiss, LA Redfern, PC Qin, LC BE Kadish, KM Ruoff, RS TI Nucleation of nanocrystalline diamond by fragmentation of fullerene precursors SO RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF FULLERENES AND RELATED MATERIALS, VOL 6 SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium of the Fullerenes Group on Fullerenes - Chemistry, Physics, and New Directions IX at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Fullerenes Grp AB Growth of diamond films from C-60/Ar microwave discharges results in a nanocrystalline microstructure with crystallite sizes in the range 3-10 nm. Heterogeneous nucleation rates of 10(10) cm(-2) sec are required to account for the results. The nucleation mechanism presented here fulfills this requirement and is based on the insertion of carbon dimer, C-2, molecules, produced by fragmentation of C-60, into the pi-bonded dimer rows of the reconstructed (100) surface of diamond. Density functional theory is used to calculate the energetics of C-2 insertion into carbon clusters that model the (100) surface. The reaction of singlet C-2 with the double bond of the C9H12 cluster leads to either carbene structures or a cyclobutynelike structure. At the HF/6-31G* level, the carbene product has a C-2v structure, while at the B3LYP/6-31G* levels of theory, it has a C-s structure with the inserted C-2 tilted. No barrier for insertion into the C=C double bond of the C9H12 cluster was found at the HF/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-31G* levels of theory. Thus, calculations including correlation energy and geometry optimization indicate that insertion of C-2 into a C=C double bond leads to a large energy lowering, similar to 120 kcal/mol for a C9H12 cluster, and there is no barrier for insertion. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gruen, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-202-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 8 BP 509 EP 518 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BL68Q UT WOS:000076312100046 ER PT S AU Wang, T Ciszek, TF AF Wang, T Ciszek, TF BE Gupta, DC Bacher, FR Hughes, WM TI Effects of sample inhomogeneity and geometry on photoconductivity decay SO RECOMBINATION LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS IN SILICON SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Workshop on Silicon Recombination Lifetime Characterization Methods CY JUN 02-03, 1997 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP ASTM Comm F1 Electr, SEMI Comm F1 Electr DE excess carrier recombination; numeric simulation; finite element method; inhomogeneity effect; geometry effect; photoconductivity decay; multicrystals; wafers ID MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME AB Excess minority carrier decay is simulated by a finite element method in cylindrical, rectangular (including epitaxial structures), and wafer samples with consideration of limited absorption of excitation light and spatial variation of lifetime in multicrystalline materials. It is found that, as long as a lifetime is derived from a later part of a phtoconductivity decay where a single-exponential signal is obtained, (1) the ASTM correction factors are valid for large bulk samples without the need to roughen the surfaces; (2) the 1-D asymptotic solution commonly used for lifetime measurements on wafers does not agree with the simulation for intermediate (10(2)similar to 10(4) cm/sec) surface recombination velocities and thin wafers (<0.1 cm); (3) for multicrystalline samples, the final decay represents overall quality of the material; and (4) when grain sizes are much less than the effective carrier diffusion length, carrier injection is uniform, and no surface nor grain boundary recombination is present, the effective lifetime of a multicrystalline material is the inverse of the volume-weighted inverse sum of local lifetimes. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2489-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1340 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1520/STP15697S PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM48W UT WOS:000078892600008 ER PT S AU Sopori, BL Chen, W Symko, M AF Sopori, BL Chen, W Symko, M BE Gupta, DC Bacher, FR Hughes, WM TI Spatial nonuniformities in the minority-carrier diffusion length lifetime: Measurement and implications on a large area device performance SO RECOMBINATION LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS IN SILICON SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Workshop on Silicon Recombination Lifetime Characterization Methods CY JUN 02-03, 1997 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP ASTM Comm F1 Electr, SEMI Comm F1 Electr DE minority carrier lifetime; diffusion length; photovoltaic silicon; surface recombination velocity AB Measurement of the minority-carrier diffusion length (L) or lifetime (tau) in a nonuniform material, such as a photovoltaic (PV) silicon substrate, can pose major challenges. In general, a measured value is meaningful only if the size of the probe beam much greater than L, and the material is uniform in and around the region of measurement. When the measurement conditions differ from these, there is a net flow of generated carriers from the illuminated region into the unilluminated region, and/or an exchange of carriers within the neighboring regions. In these cases, the error can arise from two mechanisms: (i) recombination at the surface, and (ii) exchange of carriers within regions of different diffusion lengths. These errors can be minimized by the proper selection of the carrier generation conditions and sample preparation. By combining the experimental results with less rigorous theoretical analyses, the conditions for the measurement of local values oft (or tau) in a PV substrate can be determined. A network model can be used to integrate the influence of spatial distribution of L-values on a nonuniform substrate and predict the electrical characteristics of the large-area device fabricated on it. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, BL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2489-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1340 BP 328 EP 343 DI 10.1520/STP15716S PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM48W UT WOS:000078892600027 ER PT J AU Al-Douri, AAJ Hasoon, FS Kazmerski, LL AF Al-Douri, AAJ Hasoon, FS Kazmerski, LL TI Preparation and properties of InAs 50 mol% CuInSe2 50 mol% alloy SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Continuing our search on semiconducting compounds and alloys, the InAs 50 mol%-CuInSe2 50 mol% alloy was investigated. Both InAs and CuInSe are adamantine which satisfies the four electron per atom rule. A large single crystal ingot was carefully prepared using the vertical Bridgmans method. The specimen was examined by room temperature and temperature dependence X-ray powder photography, Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and Vickers hardness test. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Baghdad, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, Jadiriyah Baghdad, Iraq. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Al-Douri, AAJ (reprint author), Univ Baghdad, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, Jadiriyah Baghdad, Iraq. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD JAN PY 1998 VL 13 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0960-1481(97)00060-8 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA ZD488 UT WOS:000072691000003 ER PT J AU Dugan, ET Jacobs, AM Keshavmurthy, SP Wehlburg, JC AF Dugan, ET Jacobs, AM Keshavmurthy, SP Wehlburg, JC TI Lateral migration radiography SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article ID COMPTON; RESTORATION AB Lateral migration radiography (LMR) is a new form of Compton backscatter imaging (CBI) that utilizes both multiple-scatter and single-scatter photons. The LMR imaging modality uses two pairs of detectors. Each set has a detector that is uncollimated to predominantly image single-scatter photons and the other collimated to image predominantly multiple-scattered photons. This allows generation of two separate images, one containing primarily surface features and the other containing primarily subsurface features. These two images make LMR useful for imaging and identifying objects to a depth of several X-ray photon mean free paths even in the presence of unknown surface clutter or surface imperfections. The principles of LMR are demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulation of the photon transport. The Monte Carlo simulation results are verified with experimental measurements from an LMR system used for landmine detection. The presented research demonstrates the methodology for designing an LMR system, identifies methods for restoring and enhancing LMR images, and lays the foundation for the development of other applications of LMR, including, for example, the nondestructive examination of welds, castings, and composites. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Radiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dugan, ET (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, POB 118300, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 1998 VL 10 IS 2 BP 75 EP 108 DI 10.1080/09349849808968136 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA ZZ745 UT WOS:000074762900002 ER PT J AU Riordan, M Hoddeson, L AF Riordan, M Hoddeson, L TI The transistor's father knew how to tie basic industrial research to development SO RESEARCH-TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Riordan, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INST INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M ST., NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0895-6308 J9 RES TECHNOL MANAGE JI Res.-Technol. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 41 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 PG 3 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA YP409 UT WOS:000071273900005 ER PT S AU Bushaw, BA Cannon, BD AF Bushaw, BA Cannon, BD BE Vickerman, JC Lyon, I Lockyer, NP Parks, JE TI Diode-laser-based RIMS measurements of strontium-90 SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RIS-98) CY JUN 21-25, 1998 CL UNIV MANCHESTER INST SCI & TECHNOL, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Coherent Inc, Edinburgh Instruments Ltd, Elliot Sci Ltd, KORE Technol Ltd, V A T Vacuum Prod Ltd HO UNIV MANCHESTER INST SCI & TECHNOL AB Double- and triple-resonance excitation schemes for the ionization of strontium are presented. Use of single-mode diode lasers for the resonance excitations provides a high degree of optical isotopic selectivity: with double-resonance, selectivity of >10(4) for Sr-90 against the stable Sr isotopes has been demonstrated. Measurement of lineshapes and stable isotope shifts in the triple-resonance process indicate that optical selectivity should increase to similar to 10(9). When combined with mass spectrometer selectivity this is sufficient for measurement of Sr-90 at background environmental levels. Additionally, autoionizing resonances have been investigated for improving ionization efficiency with lower power lasers. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bushaw, BA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-810-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 454 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM21B UT WOS:000078034300026 ER PT S AU Young, JP Shaw, RW Webb, OF AF Young, JP Shaw, RW Webb, OF BE Vickerman, JC Lyon, I Lockyer, NP Parks, JE TI Spectral studies related to the 3.5 eV isomeric state of Th-229 SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RIS-98) CY JUN 21-25, 1998 CL UNIV MANCHESTER INST SCI & TECHNOL, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Coherent Inc, Edinburgh Instruments Ltd, Elliot Sci Ltd, KORE Technol Ltd, V A T Vacuum Prod Ltd HO UNIV MANCHESTER INST SCI & TECHNOL AB There have been reports (1,2) of photon emission (possibly gamma rays) from the relaxation of the 3.5 eV excited nuclear state of Tn-229 generated in the alpha decay of U-233. We have carried out studies using U-233 of very high isotopic purity, less than 1 ppm U-232, and did not observe such emission. Experimental details and discussion of our negative results are given. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Young, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-810-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 454 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM21B UT WOS:000078034300035 ER PT B AU Buck, O AF Buck, O BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Fatigue damage and its nondestructive evaluation: An overview SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Buck, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500001 ER PT B AU Kelley, TA Stupin, DM AF Kelley, TA Stupin, DM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Radiographic least squares fitting technique accurately measures dimensions and x-ray attenuation SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelley, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CIC-12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 371 EP 377 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500047 ER PT B AU Sheats, MJ Stupin, DM AF Sheats, MJ Stupin, DM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI CoBRA: Cone beam computed tomography (CT) reconstruction code in Interactive Data Language (IDL) SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, MT NDT&E, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sheats, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, MT NDT&E, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 395 EP 401 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500050 ER PT B AU Dike, JJ AF Dike, JJ BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Finite element modeling of ultrasonic waves produced by a pulsed laser SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Solid & Mat Mech Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dike, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solid & Mat Mech Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 667 EP 674 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500086 ER PT B AU Rehbein, DK Akinc, M Zheng, J Buck, O AF Rehbein, DK Akinc, M Zheng, J Buck, O BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Observation of smear wave generation at bonded silicon-carbide interface SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rehbein, DK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 1323 EP 1329 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500171 ER PT B AU Hopkins, D Nakagawa, S Nihei, K Turler, D AF Hopkins, D Nakagawa, S Nihei, K Turler, D BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Imaging flaws in adhesive joints using acoustic techniques and infrared thermography SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hopkins, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 46A-1123, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 1387 EP 1394 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500179 ER PT B AU Lu, WY Peng, LW Holland, S AF Lu, WY Peng, LW Holland, S BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Measurement of acoustoelastic effect of Rayleigh surface waves using laser ultrasonics SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lu, WY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 1643 EP 1648 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500213 ER PT B AU Liu, G Laabs, F Rehbein, D Buck, O Thompson, RB AF Liu, G Laabs, F Rehbein, D Buck, O Thompson, RB BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Ultrasonic monitoring of recrystallization textures in aluminum SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 17A AND 17B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, FAA, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, G (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45901-9 PY 1998 BP 1899 EP 1906 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL11N UT WOS:000074324500246 ER PT J AU Tanabe, T Marechal, X Tanaka, T Kitamura, H Stefan, P Krinsky, S Rakowsky, G Solomon, L AF Tanabe, T Marechal, X Tanaka, T Kitamura, H Stefan, P Krinsky, S Rakowsky, G Solomon, L TI Development of an in-vacuum minipole undulator array for national synchrotron light source in-vacuum UNdulator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB An in-vacuum minipole (short period) insertion device has been developed in a collaboration between SPring-8 and the National Synchrotron light Source (NSLS). The magnetic arrays were assembled, field measured, corrected, and vacuum tested by SPring-8 and were installed in an NSLS-developed chamber with mechanical parts in the NSLS X-Ray Ring (E = 2.584 GeV) in May 1997 and a successful commissioning of the device was carried out in June 1997. The device is made of permanent magnets with 30.5 periods and a period length of 11 mm, It is designed to produce fundamental radiation at 4.6 keV, and with a modest value of deflection parameter (K = 0.7 at 3.3 mm gap) enables higher harmonics to be used as well, fora variety of experiments. A detailed description of the mechanical support and vacuum chamber will be reported elsewhere. We describe technical challenges encountered in constructing this type of device, and present an outline of our collaboration. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 JAERI, RIKEN, Spring Project Team 8, Kamigoori, Hyogo 67812, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tanabe, T (reprint author), RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, RI Beam Factory Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 69 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1063/1.1148871 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA YT229 UT WOS:000071578800004 ER PT J AU Frank, M Hiller, LJ le Grand, JB Mears, CA Labov, SE Lindeman, MA Netel, H Chow, D Barfknecht, AT AF Frank, M Hiller, LJ le Grand, JB Mears, CA Labov, SE Lindeman, MA Netel, H Chow, D Barfknecht, AT TI Energy resolution and high count rate performance of superconducting tunnel junction x-ray spectrometers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DETECTORS AB We present experimental results obtained with a cryogenically cooled, high-resolution x-ray spectrometer based on a 141 mu m x 141 mu m Nb-Al-A1(2)O(3)-Al-Nb superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector in a demonstration experiment. Using monochromatized synchrotron radiation we studied the energy resolution of this energy-dispersive spectrometer for soft x rays with energies between 70 and 700 eV and investigated its performance at count rates up to nearly 60 000 cps. At count rates of several 100 cps we achieved an energy resolution of 5.9 eV (FWHM) and an electronic noise of 4.5 eV for 277 eV x rays (the energy corresponding to C K). Increasing the count rate, the resolution 277 eV remained below 10 eV for count rates up to similar to 10 000 cps and then degraded to 13 eV at 23 000 cps and 20 eV at 50 000 cps. These results were achieved using a commercially available spectroscopy amplifier with a baseline restorer. No pile-up rejection was applied in these measurements. Our results show that STJ detectors can operate at count rates approaching those of semiconductor detectors while still providing a significantly better energy resolution for soft x rays. Thus STJ detectors may prove very useful in microanalysis, synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (XRF) applications, and XRF analysis of light elements (K lines) and transition elements (L lines). (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Conductus Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Frank, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-401, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 30 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 69 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1063/1.1148474 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA YT229 UT WOS:000071578800005 ER PT J AU Espy, MA Kraus, RH Flynn, ER Matlashov, A AF Espy, MA Kraus, RH Flynn, ER Matlashov, A TI Two methods for a first order hardware gradiometer using two high temperature superconducting quantum interference devices SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION; SQUIDS AB Two different systems for noise cancellation (first order gradiometers) have been developed using two similar high temperature superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). "Analog" gradiometry is accomplished in hardware by either (1) subtracting the signals from the sensor and background SQUIDs at a summing amplifier (parallel technique) or (2) converting the inverted background SQUID signal to a magnetic field at the sensor SQUID (series technique). Balance levels (ability to reject a uniform background magnetic field) achieved are 2 x 10(3) and 1 x 10(3) at 20 Hz for the parallel and series methods, respectively. The balance level as a function of frequency is also presented. The effects which time delays (phase differences) in the two sets of SQUID electronics have on these balance levels are presented and discussed. It is shown that these delays, along with geometrical considerations, are the limiting factor for balance level for any electronic gradiometer system using two (or more) SQUIDs, a very different situation from the case with wire-wound gradiometers. Results using a dipole field to study the performance of both the parallel. and series devices functioning as gradiometers in an unshielded laboratory are presented and compared with theory. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Conductus Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Espy, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 69 IS 1 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1063/1.1148524 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA YT229 UT WOS:000071578800019 ER PT J AU Marrs, RE Schneider, DH McDonald, JW AF Marrs, RE Schneider, DH McDonald, JW TI Projection x-ray microscope powered by highly charged ions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW ATOMS; CAPILLARY; TRAP AB Recombination of slow highly charged ions at the surface of a target foil can be used as a source of x rays for a projection x-ray microscope. In a first test of this concept, a low emittance beam of Ar18+ and Ar17+ ions from an electron beam ion trap was focused with einzel lenses to a 20 mu m full width at half maximum spot on a beryllium target foil. The 3 keV x rays from radiative deexcitation of the ions were used to obtain a magnified image of an electroformed nickel mesh with 20 mu m resolution by projection onto a CCD camera. Prospects for substantial improvements in resolution and intensity are discussed. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marrs, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 69 IS 1 BP 204 EP 209 DI 10.1063/1.1148496 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA YT229 UT WOS:000071578800032 ER PT J AU Decrock, P Nolen, JA AF Decrock, P Nolen, JA TI Neon gas target for the production of radioactive fluorine beams SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID F-18 AB A neon gas target has been developed to produce radioactive fluorine. Small CF4 impurities were added to the neon gas and the recovery efficiency of F-18-labeled CF4 has been measured as a function of the impurity level. Extraction efficiencies up to 90% have been obtained, which makes this technique to produce and extract radioactive fluorine from a production target a powerful method to generate intense radioactive F-17 and F-18 beams, using the Ne-20(p,alpha)F-17 and Ne-20(d,alpha)F-18 reactions, respectively. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Decrock, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 69 IS 1 BP 323 EP 324 DI 10.1063/1.1148518 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA YT229 UT WOS:000071578800058 ER PT J AU Muddiman, DC Smith, RD AF Muddiman, DC Smith, RD TI Sequencing and characterization of larger oligonucleotides by electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry SO REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ASSISTED LASER-DESORPTION; INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; MULTIPLY-CHARGED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DETERMINATION; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; CHAIN-REACTION PRODUCTS; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONCOVALENT COMPLEXES; MICRO-ELECTROSPRAY AB The rapidly emerging technique of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI-FTICR) mass spectrometry is reviewed with respect to DNA-related analyses. The focus of this review is mainly the analysis of intact molecular ions that are generated using enzymatic methods (e.g., Sanger cycle sequencing chain termination products) with some emphasis placed on multistage MS. Although this review is dedicated to ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry, several other important issues of direct relevance, including sample preparation techniques and mathematical methods for mass spectrometry, are presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Envirnom Mol Sci Lab, Macromol Struct & Dynam Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 140 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0793-0135 EI 2191-0189 J9 REV ANAL CHEM JI Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 1998 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 68 PG 68 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZW820 UT WOS:000074451600001 ER PT J AU Schramm, DN Turner, MS AF Schramm, DN Turner, MS TI Big-bang nucleosynthesis enters the precision era SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID RED GIANT STARS; DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE; PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; BARYON DENSITY; DARK-MATTER; HALO DWARFS; LITHIUM; HE-3; CONSTRAINTS AB The last parameter of big-bang nucleosynthesis, the density of ordinary matter (baryons), is being pinned down by measurements of the deuterium abundance in high-redshift hydrogen clouds. When it is,the primeval abundances of the light elements D, He-3, Li-7, and He-4 will be fixed. The first three will then become "tracers" in the study of Galactic and stellar chemical evolution. A precision determination of the He-4 abundance will allow an important consistency test of big-bang nucleosynthesis and will sharpen nucleosynthesis as a probe of fundamental physics, e.g., the bound to the number of light neutrino species. An independent consistency test is on the horizon: a high-precision determination of the baryon density from measurements of the fluctuations of the cosmic background radiation temperature. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 110 TC 268 Z9 269 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1 BP 303 EP 318 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.70.303 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YU637 UT WOS:000071738700009 ER PT B AU Bascietto, JJ AF Bascietto, JJ BE Newman, MC Strojan, CL TI A framework for ecological risk assessment: Beyond the quotient method SO RISK ASSESSMENT: LOGIC AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Risk Assessment - Logic and Measurement CY AUG 19-21, 1996 CL AIKEN, SC SP Savannah River Ecol Lab C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Bascietto, JJ (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 310 NORTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 USA BN 1-57504-048-4 PY 1998 BP 11 EP 22 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL91P UT WOS:000077133500002 ER PT B AU Hinton, TG AF Hinton, TG BE Newman, MC Strojan, CL TI Estimating human and ecological risks from exposure to radiation SO RISK ASSESSMENT: LOGIC AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Risk Assessment - Logic and Measurement CY AUG 19-21, 1996 CL AIKEN, SC SP Savannah River Ecol Lab C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Hinton, TG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 310 NORTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 USA BN 1-57504-048-4 PY 1998 BP 143 EP 166 PG 24 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL91P UT WOS:000077133500007 ER PT B AU Suter, GW AF Suter, GW BE Newman, MC Strojan, CL TI Ecotoxicological effects extrapolation models SO RISK ASSESSMENT: LOGIC AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Risk Assessment - Logic and Measurement CY AUG 19-21, 1996 CL AIKEN, SC SP Savannah River Ecol Lab C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Suter, GW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 310 NORTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 USA BN 1-57504-048-4 PY 1998 BP 167 EP 185 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL91P UT WOS:000077133500008 ER PT B AU Dixon, PM AF Dixon, PM BE Newman, MC Strojan, CL TI Assessing effect and no effect with equivalence tests SO RISK ASSESSMENT: LOGIC AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Risk Assessment - Logic and Measurement CY AUG 19-21, 1996 CL AIKEN, SC SP Savannah River Ecol Lab C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Dixon, PM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 310 NORTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 USA BN 1-57504-048-4 PY 1998 BP 275 EP 301 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL91P UT WOS:000077133500012 ER PT B AU Strojan, CL Newman, MC AF Strojan, CL Newman, MC BE Newman, MC Strojan, CL TI Risk assessment: Logic and measurement - Summary SO RISK ASSESSMENT: LOGIC AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Risk Assessment - Logic and Measurement CY AUG 19-21, 1996 CL AIKEN, SC SP Savannah River Ecol Lab C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Strojan, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 310 NORTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 USA BN 1-57504-048-4 PY 1998 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL91P UT WOS:000077133500015 ER PT B AU Whelan, G Laniak, GF AF Whelan, G Laniak, GF BE Benson, CH Meegoda, JN Gilbert, RB Clemence, SP TI A risk-based approach for a national assessment SO RISK-BASED CORRECTIVE ACTION AND BROWNFIELDS RESTORATIONS SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Annual Convention of the American-Society-of-Civil-Engineers (Geo-Congress 98) CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, GeoInst, Geosynthet Comm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, GeoInst, Soil Propert Comm, Ctr Innovat Grouting Mat & Technol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, GeoInst, Grouting Comm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Soil Improvement & Geosynthet Comm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, GeoInst, Earth Struct Comm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Shallow Fdn Comm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Performance Struct Techn Adm Comm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, GeoInst, Pavements Comm ID MULTIMEDIA BENCHMARKING ANALYSIS; ASSESSMENT MODELS; SENSITIVITY; MMSOILS; RESRAD; MEPAS AB The need for environmental systems modeling is growing rapidly because of the I) the combination of increasing technical scope and complexity related to questions of risk-based cause and effect and 2) need to explicitly address cost effectiveness in both the development and implementation of environmental regulations. The nature of risk assessments are evolving with their increased complexity in assessing individual sites and collection of sites, addressing regional or national regulatory needs. These assessments require the integration of existing tools and the development of new databases and models, based on a comprehensive and holistic view of the risk assessment problem. To meet these environmental regulatory needs, multiple-media-based assessments are formulated to view and assess risks from a comprehensive environmental systems perspective, crossing the boundaries of several scientific disciplines. Given the consideration and the advanced states of computer hardware and software, it is possible to design a software system that facilitates the development and integration of assessment tools (e.g., databases and models). In this paper, a risk-based approach for supporting national risk assessments is presented. This approach combines 1) databases, 2) multiple media models, combining source-term, fate and transport, exposure, and risk/hazard, and 3) sensitivity/uncertainty capabilities within a software system capable of growing within the science of risk assessment. The design and linkages of the system are discussed. This paper also provides the rationale behind the design of the framework, as there is a recognized need to develop more holistic approaches to risk assessment. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Whelan, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-36, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0389-9 J9 GEOTECH SP PY 1998 IS 82 BP 55 EP 74 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP58V UT WOS:000085579000005 ER PT S AU McKay, MD Anderson, MO Gunderson, RW Flann, N Abbott, B AF McKay, MD Anderson, MO Gunderson, RW Flann, N Abbott, B BE Gerhart, GR TI "Multi-agent cooperative systems applied to precision applications" SO ROBOTIC AND SEMI-ROBOTIC GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Robotic and Semi-Robotic Ground Vehicle Technology CY APR 15-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Soc Optical Engn DE intelligent; cooperative; multi-agent; robotic; autonomous AB Regulatory agencies are imposing limits and constraints to protect the operator and/or the environment. While generally necessary, these controls also tend to increase cost and decrease efficiency and productivity. Intelligent computer systems can be made to perform these hazardous tasks with greater efficiency and precision without danger to the operators. The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory and the Center for Self-Organizing and Intelligent Systems at Utah State University have developed a series of autonomous all-terrain multi-agent systems capable of performing automated tasks within hazardous environments. This paper discusses the development and application of cooperative small-scale and large-scale robots for use in various activities associated with radiologically contaminated areas, prescription fanning, and unexploded ordinances. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McKay, MD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS 2220, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2815-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3366 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1117/12.317540 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Optics GA BL60V UT WOS:000075999400013 ER PT B AU Wilson, DG Parker, GG Starr, GP Robinett, RD AF Wilson, DG Parker, GG Starr, GP Robinett, RD BE Demsetz, LA Bryne, RH Wetzel, JP TI Output feedback sliding mode control for a planar flexible manipulator SO ROBOTICS 98 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ASCE Speciality Conference on Robotics for Challenging Environments (Robotics 98) CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerospace Div, NASA, Natl Aeronaut Soc, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Architects, Sandia Natl Labs, Bechtel Corp, Fluor Daniel Corp AB This paper describes the design and analysis of an Output Feedback Sliding Mode Control (OFSMC) architecture for flexible manipulators. The results of this study include the analytical development and experimental verification. The hardware system investigated included, (1) a modular flexible one- and Imo-link planar manipulators with conventional strain gages strategically located on each link for strain sensing, (2) DC servo motors and incremental encoders for each degree-of-freedom rued for rigid motion slewing, and (3) a MATLAB/SIMULINK/dSPACE system for real-time control and data acquisition. A nonlinear observer based on the dynamic model was wed to determine system states for the model-based portion of the control law for the flexible single-link. Cubic spline reference trajectories were wed to slew the manipulator. A numerical simulation model was matched with the physical parameters with the experimental response to a reference input trajectory. A nonlinear optimization algorithm was wed for the two-link setup to determine optimal gains from the calibrated dynamic model. The OFSMC was able to produce a rest lo-rest, residual vibration-free, large angle maneuvers. These OFSMC designs were verified on the Sandia National Laboratories flexible manipulator tested. These results show reductions in both residual vibration and setting time. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept ME, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst Sensors & Control Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept ME, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0337-6 PY 1998 BP 8 EP 14 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BM53M UT WOS:000079075400002 ER PT B AU Perez, ML Grasz, EL AF Perez, ML Grasz, EL BE Demsetz, LA Bryne, RH Wetzel, JP TI Using intelligent automation and manipulation to tame the hostile environment SO ROBOTICS 98 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ASCE Speciality Conference on Robotics for Challenging Environments (Robotics 98) CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerospace Div, NASA, Natl Aeronaut Soc, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Architects, Sandia Natl Labs, Bechtel Corp, Fluor Daniel Corp AB This paper presents some of the solutions that have been and continue to be developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to address the technical challenges associated with operating in nuclear and hostile environments. The nuclear challenge and, in general, most hostile environments present unique circumstances and conditions requiring new approaches and techniques to finding solutions. Approaches and solutions used in controlled or conventional environments become limited when used in the highly volatile nuclear environment, Accomplishing tasks in nuclear and hostile environments presents challenges to the approach in controlling hardware and processing materials. Any approach identified must not radically disturb the surrounding environment. LLNL engineers have been actively involved in finding unique and creative intelligent automation solutions to tame the hostile environment. Significant advances have been made in robotics systems, sensors technology, and material handling algorithms, This paper describes thew recent advances in technology development and applications engineering. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Perez, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-443, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0337-6 PY 1998 BP 92 EP 98 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BM53M UT WOS:000079075400014 ER PT B AU Hatchell, B Yount, J Berglin, E AF Hatchell, B Yount, J Berglin, E BE Demsetz, LA Bryne, RH Wetzel, JP TI Long reach manipulator demonstrations for tank waste retrieval SO ROBOTICS 98 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ASCE Speciality Conference on Robotics for Challenging Environments (Robotics 98) CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerospace Div, NASA, Natl Aeronaut Soc, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Architects, Sandia Natl Labs, Bechtel Corp, Fluor Daniel Corp AB The Hanford Tanks Initiative (HTI) project contracted with commercial vendor teams to demonstrate retrieval technologies for removing radioactive and hazardous waste from Hanford single-shell tanks located in Richland, Washington. The goal of this testing was to address issues related to tank waste retrieval to minimize the risk, uncertainties, and, ultimately, reduce the overall cost of removing waste from the Hanford tanks. Two of these demonstrations involved the use of long reach manipulators to deploy waste retrieval end effecters. This paper highlights the manipulator-based retrieval systems demonstrations and analyzes the testing issues that need further resolution. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hatchell, B (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0337-6 PY 1998 BP 106 EP 112 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Civil SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BM53M UT WOS:000079075400016 ER PT B AU Cramer, SD Covino, BS Holcomb, GR Bullard, SJ Collins, WK Govier, RD Wilson, RD McGill, GE AF Cramer, SD Covino, BS Holcomb, GR Bullard, SJ Collins, WK Govier, RD Wilson, RD McGill, GE BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI Arc-sprayed titanium anode for cathodic protection of reinforcing steel in coastal concrete bridges SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB Stable operation of cobalt (Co) catalyzed thermal-sprayed titanium anodes for cathodic protection (CP) of bridge reinforcing steel was maintained in accelerated tests for a period equivalent to 23 years service at Oregon Department of transportation (ODOT) bridge CP conditions. The Co catalyst migrated into the concrete near the anode-concrete interface with electrochemical aging. The titanium anode had a porous heterogeneous structure composed of alpha-Ti containing interstitial O and N, and a fcc phase thought to be Ti(O,N). Splat cooling rates were estimated to be on the order of 10 to 150 K/s, well below those that would lead to rapid solidification. Composition gradients within individual splats resulted in alpha-Ti-rich and Ti(O,N)-rich regions having microstructures produced by equilibrium processes at the solidification front. Use of nitrogen during thermal spraying produced a coating with more uniform composition, less cracking and lower resistivity than using air atomization. Shrouding of the spray gun is recommended for further improvement of anode composition and structure when using nitrogen atomization. C1 Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Cramer, SD (reprint author), Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 89 EP 101 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900011 ER PT B AU Covino, BS Cramer, SD Holcomb, GR Bullard, SJ Summers, CA Dahlin, CL Laylor, HM McGill, GE AF Covino, BS Cramer, SD Holcomb, GR Bullard, SJ Summers, CA Dahlin, CL Laylor, HM McGill, GE BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI Corrosion failure of the rocky point viaduct SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB The Rocky Point Viaduct, located near Port Orford, OR, was replaced after only 40 years of service. A beam from the original viaduct was studied in detail to determine the mechanisms contributing to severe corrosion damage to the structure. Results are presented from the delamination survey, potential and corrosion mapping, concrete chemistry, and concrete physical properties. The major cause of corrosion damage appears to have been the presence of both pre-existing and environmentally-delivered chlorides in the concrete. C1 Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Covino, BS (reprint author), Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 157 EP 166 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900019 ER PT B AU Holcomb, GR Hawk, JA Arps, JH AF Holcomb, GR Hawk, JA Arps, JH BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI Wear performance of low-energy-nitrogen-implanted stainless steels in a corroding environment SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB Wear-corrosion of 304 stainless steel and N-2(+) implanted 304 stainless steel has been studied using a pin-on-disk apparatus developed at the Albany Research Center. A nitriding process, utilizing low energy (3-10 keV) N-2(+) implantation at high temperature (400-450 degrees C) has been demonstrated for a variety of steels. Nitride layers up to 10 mu m in thickness, with hardnesses approaching 8 GPa have been produced by this technique. The wear test apparatus allows the examination of metals and alloys in a sliding wear-corrosion environment, and uses electrochemical control to study the effects of wear alone, corrosion alone, and wear-corrosion Pin-on-disk testing in corrosive media suggests that an improvement in wear resistance is realized without significant degradation of the corrosion response. C1 Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Holcomb, GR (reprint author), Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 191 EP 202 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900023 ER PT B AU Armstrong, BL Song, L Smith, PA Coffey, GW AF Armstrong, BL Song, L Smith, PA Coffey, GW BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI Processing and characterization of biomaterials SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB A variety of materials are currently being used in biomedical applications. With these materials, there are also a variety of processing methods which have characteristic advantages and disadvantages. An overview of these traditional materials and processes will be presented. Promising advances in processes and materials will also be discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Armstrong, BL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Armstrong, Beth/E-6752-2017 OI Armstrong, Beth/0000-0001-7149-3576 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 217 EP 220 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900026 ER PT B AU Campbell, AA Song, L Li, XS Shen, XY Davies, JE AF Campbell, AA Song, L Li, XS Shen, XY Davies, JE BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI Osteoclast resorption and bone growth on octacalcium phosphate thin films in vitro SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB Primary rat bone marrow cells, harvested from adult male Wistar rats were seeded onto thin films of octacalcium phosphate grown on either titanium alloy discs, and cultured in the presence or absence of 10(-8) dexamethasone for periods up to two weeks. The films produced by a Surface Induced Mineralization (SIM) process covered both sides and edges of the supporting titanium alloy discs. The films, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), comprised a uniform and chemically homogenous 600 nm (on metal) thick microcrystalline structure. In the absence or dexamethasone, multinucleate osteoclasts created discrete, lobed, resorption lacunae on the seeded surfaces of metal discs. In the presence of dexamethasone, which is known in this culture system to up-regulate osteoblast differentiation, bone nodules were elaborated. Each nodule comprised an interfacial cement line-like matrix which interdigitated with the crystalline substrate, and an osteocyte containing, mineralized, collagen compartment. The results demonstrate that these thin films both support bone growth and can be selectively resorbed by osteoclasts, and thus provide a novel strategy for coating of metallic endosseous implants with a calcium phosphate of defined biological activity. C1 Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Campbell, AA (reprint author), Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 231 EP 235 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900028 ER PT B AU Shen, E Brooks, CR Kenik, E AF Shen, E Brooks, CR Kenik, E BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI The effect of aging at 750 degrees C on the structure of a commercial Ni-Mo alloy (Hastelloy B2) SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB Samples of the Ni-Mo-based alloy Hastelloy B2 have been aged at 750 degrees C for up to 1200 h and the structure examined by transmission electron microscopy. In the solution heat-treated condition, the structure was short-range ordered a retained from the high temperature upon quenching. In this condition the yield strength was about 100 MPa and the ductility about 60%. After aging for 200 h at 750 degrees C, the strength was about 400 MPa but the ductility was only about 2%. The structure was a weave pattern of a mixture of fine domains of beta and the metastable DO22 phase. Upon further aging, the strength decreased to about 250 MPa after 1200 h but the ductility remained low. Aging beyond 200 h produced a coarser structure. For the longer aging times, the structure developed into lens-shaped domains with overlapping bands. For the longest aging times, a marked lamellar structure was apparent After aging for 1200 h, some a is present. Some of the plates in the lamellar structure are believed to be gamma (Ni3Mo). The coarsening of the structure is most likely responsible for the decrease in the strength at long aging time, but the complex microstructure still has little ductility. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Shen, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 269 EP 278 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900033 ER PT B AU Acoff, VL Barnard, JA Hawk, JA AF Acoff, VL Barnard, JA Hawk, JA BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI Processing layered composites by roll bonding SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB This study examines roll bonding as a novel, cost-effective, simple processing technique for the fabrication of layered composites. The copper-aluminum family of alloys was investigated using this technique. Experimentation consisted of using a rolling mill to produce 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, and 512 alternating layers of pure aluminum and pure copper foils at room temperature. The bonds between the elemental layers of copper and aluminum became better with increasing number of layers and eventually increased to a point where the individual layers of copper and aluminum became nearly indistinct. The Vickers hardness number also increased with increasing number of layers. C1 Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 USA. Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. RP Acoff, VL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900035 ER PT B AU Totemeier, TC AF Totemeier, TC BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI Characterization of uranium and uranium-zirconium deposits produced in electrorefining of spent nuclear fuel SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB This paper describes the metallurgical characterization of deposits produced in molten salt electrorefining of uranium and uranium -10 wt.% zirconium alloy. The techniques of characterization are described including considerations given to the radioactive and pyrophoric nature of the samples. The morphologies observed and their implications for deposit performance are also presented-samples from pure uranium deposits were comprised of chains of uranium crystals with a characteristic rhomboidal shape, while morphologies of samples from deposits containing zirconium showed more polycrystalline features. Zirconium was found to be present as a second, zirconium metal phase at or very near the uranium-zirconium dendrite surfaces. Higher collection efficiencies and total deposit weights were observed for the uranium-zirconium deposits; this performance increase is likely a result of better mechanical properties exhibited by the uranium-zirconium dendrite morphology. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Totemeier, TC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 363 EP 371 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900044 ER PT B AU Dunning, JS AF Dunning, JS BE Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW TI Characterization of TRIP steels as strain monitor materials SO ROLL OF CHARACTERIZATION IN UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society CY JUL 20-23, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Int Met Soc AB Martensite formed by deformation of metastable austenite is called strain-induced martensite. When such transformation occurs strength and ductility, or plasticity, can be greatly increased. This phenomenon is called strain-induced plasticity. This phenomenon has been used to create a new class of metastable austenitic steels known as TRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity) steels. The phase change involved in the austenite to martensite transformation also involves changes in the magnetic response of the steel that allows the material to monitor straining as it occurs. Thus, TRIP steels are materials which change state from austenitic, nonmagnetic to a martensitic, ferromagnetic phase as the material undergoes straining. There is a direct correspondence of the peak strain level experienced in the material with the percentage of ferromagnetism; hence, monitoring the relative amount of the ferromagnetic content will indicate the level of strain (and, therefore, stress). The phase transitions that accompanies the straining is irreversible so the monitor material indicates the peak strain until that value is subsequently exceeded. Materials research to develop and characterize these materials for different strain monitoring application is described. C1 Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dunning, JS (reprint author), Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-658-X J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1998 VL 25 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL08V UT WOS:000074227900050 ER PT B AU Travelli, A AF Travelli, A GP EUROPEAN NUCL SOC TI Progress of the US RERTR program SO RRFM'98: 2ND INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON RESEARCH REACTOR FUEL MANAGEMENT: INVITED AND CONTRIBUTED PAPERS - ORAL AND POSTER PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Topical Meeting on Research Reactor Fuel Management (RRFM 98) CY MAR 29-31, 1998 CL BRUGGE, BELGIUM SP European Nucl Soc, Belgian Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Agcy AB The progress of the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) program since 1978 is reviewed with special emphasis on last year's progress. New advanced fuels are being developed with uranium densities well in excess of the 4.8 g/cm(3) earlier achieved by the program. Analytical studies to assess the feasibility of using LEU have been in progress during the past year for several reactors including the HFBR (U.S.), HFIR (U.S.), BMRR (U.S.), MARIA (Poland), LVR-15 (Czech Republic), VVR SM-10 (Hungary), and FRM-II (Germany). Twenty-eight reactors in seventeen countries have been converted or are converting to LEU fuels. Conversions of the IAN-R1 (Colombia), SL-2 (Canada), and IEA-RI (Brazil) were completed during the past year. Conversion of the BER-II (Germany) began. Four spent research reactor fuel shipments to the Savannah River Site, containing 822 fuel assemblies, have been completed in accordance with the new U.S. spent fuel policy. Good progress has been made in the development of LEU-based processes to produce Mo-99, and in the Russian RERTR program. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Travelli, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI BERN PA BELPSTRASSE 23 PO BOX 5032, BERN, SWITZERLAND PY 1998 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL02U UT WOS:000074080000013 ER PT B AU Patterson, J Viebrock, J Shelton, T Parker, D AF Patterson, J Viebrock, J Shelton, T Parker, D GP EUROPEAN NUCL SOC TI Shipment of TRIGA spent fuel to DOEs INEEL site - A status report SO RRFM'98: 2ND INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON RESEARCH REACTOR FUEL MANAGEMENT: INVITED AND CONTRIBUTED PAPERS - ORAL AND POSTER PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Topical Meeting on Research Reactor Fuel Management (RRFM 98) CY MAR 29-31, 1998 CL BRUGGE, BELGIUM SP European Nucl Soc, Belgian Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Agcy AB DOE placed its transportation services contract with NAC International in April, 1997 and awarded the first task to NAC for return of TRIGA fuel in July, 1997. This initial shipment of TRIGA fuel, scheduled for early 1998, is reflective of many of the difficulties faced by DOE and the transportation services contractor in return of the foreign research reactor fuel to the United States: First time use of the INEEL dry storage facility for receipt of research reactor fuel Safety analysis of the INEEL facility for the NAC-LWT shipping cask Cask certification for a mixed loading of high enriched and low enriched TRIGA fuels Cask loading for standard length and extended length rods (instrumented and fuel follower control rods) Design and certification of a canister for degraded TRIGA fuel Initial port entry through the Naval Weapons Station in Concord, California Initial approval of the rail route for shipment from Concord to INEEL The presentation will describe the overall activities involved in the first TRIGA shipment, discuss the actions required to resolve the difficulties identified above, and provide a status report of the initial shipment from South Korea and Indonesia. Recommendations will be presented as to actions that can be taken by the research reactor operator, by DOE, and by the transportation services agent to speed and simplify the transportation process. Actions having the potential to reduce costs to DOE and to reactor operators from high income economies will be identified. C1 Nac Int, Doe Field Off Operat, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Patterson, J (reprint author), Nac Int, Doe Field Off Operat, 227 Gateway Dr, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI BERN PA BELPSTRASSE 23 PO BOX 5032, BERN, SWITZERLAND PY 1998 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL02U UT WOS:000074080000037 ER PT S AU Bissell, MJ AF Bissell, MJ BE Kukuruzinska, MA Tabak, LA TI Glandular structure and gene expression - Lessons from the mammary gland SO SALIVARY GLAND BIOGENESIS AND FUNCTION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Salivary Gland Biogenesis and Function CY NOV 07-10, 1996 CL ARLIE, VIRGINIA SP NIDR ID BREAST EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; TRANSGENIC MICE; SUPPRESSION; GROWTH; APOPTOSIS; DIFFERENTIATION; STROMELYSIN-1; WITHDRAWAL C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 83-101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjbissell@1b1.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA57621, CA64786] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-135-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 842 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09625.x PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Substance Abuse; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Substance Abuse; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BL11Q UT WOS:000074330900002 PM 9599287 ER PT J AU Cruz-Neira, C Langley, R Bash, PA AF Cruz-Neira, C Langley, R Bash, PA TI Interactive molecular modeling with virtual reality and empirical energy simulations SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; virtual reality; computational chemistry ID GRAPHICS; DESIGN AB Virtual reality tightly coupled to high performance computing and communications ushers in a new era for the study of molecular recognition and the rational design of pharmaceutical compounds. We have created a combined virtual reality and molecular dynamics method, which consists of (1) massively parallel computing to simulate the physical and chemical properties of a molecular system, (2) the Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) for immersive display and interaction with the molecular system, and (3) a high-speed network interface to exchange data between the simulation and the CAVE. This system enables molecular scientists to have a visual, auditory, and haptic experience with a chemical system, while simultaneously manipulating its physical properties by steering, in real-time, a simulation executed on a supercomputer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Florida State Univ, Supercomp Computat Res Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bash, PA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1080/10629369808039148 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 115RE UT WOS:000075678300003 ER PT J AU Biino, GG AF Biino, GG TI X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) evidence for interlayer phases in natural micas: effects on physico-chemical properties and geochronological consequences SO SCHWEIZERISCHE MINERALOGISCHE UND PETROGRAPHISCHE MITTEILUNGEN LA English DT Article DE mica; surface reaction; interlayer phase; photoelectron spectroscopy; isotopic systems ID DORA-MAIRA NAPPE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; AR-40/AR-39 LASER-PROBE; WESTERN ALPS; HIGH-PRESSURE; RB-SR; EXCESS ARGON; ITALIAN ALPS; SESIA ZONE; SM-ND AB After cleaving, the chemistry of the (001) topmost layers of natural micas was experimentally investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). There is evidence that phlogopite cleaves along very thin chlorite interlayers also including graphite-rich microinclusions. Muscovite cleavage exposes an aluminum-rich (gibbsite, kaolinite or pyrophyllite) interlayer as well as graphite-rich microinclusions planes. Cleavage occurs in these interlayered phases because they have the weakest bonds. These interlayered phases are also responsible for changes of the mechanical properties of micas (i.e.:lattice slip is enhanced). The investigated micas yield Rb-Sr, K-Ar and Ar-Ar ages that are unrelated to metamorphic or igneous events. The formation of the interlayered phases probably perturbed the Rb-Sr and K-Ar isotopic systems. C1 Univ Fribourg, Inst Mineral & Petrog, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. RP Biino, GG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM giuseppe.biino@unifr.ch NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU STAUBLI VERLAG AG PI ZURICH PA POSTFACH 566, CH-8045 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0036-7699 J9 SCHWEIZ MINER PETROG JI Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. PY 1998 VL 78 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Geology; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA ZH206 UT WOS:000073083500003 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, IJ Amer, MS Schadler, LS Phoenix, SL AF Beyerlein, IJ Amer, MS Schadler, LS Phoenix, SL TI New methodology for determining in situ fiber, matrix and interface stresses in damaged multifiber composites SO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; MODEL COMPOSITES; CARBON-FIBERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STRAIN DEPENDENCE; INTERPHASE; ADHESION; BEHAVIOR; FRAGMENTATION; FREQUENCIES AB Two recent developments, experimental Micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) and theoretical quadratic influence superposition (QIS) analysis, have greatly improved micromechanical measurement and realistic numerical modeling of fiber, matrix and interface stresses around fiber breaks in multifiber, polymer matrix composites. In this study, these, two techniques are combined to develop a methodology for determining the in situ interfacial strength parameters, such as the yield stress and frictional sliding resistance, which are major determinants of local deformation and damage propagation around fiber breaks. With a spatial resolution of 2 mu m, MRS is used to measure fiber axial strain profiles produced by naturally occurring fiber breaks in multifiber, high modulus graphite/epoxy model composites under uniaxial tension. For the same matrix material and surface-treated fibers, several fiber spacings and different interfacial conditions are tested including: sized fibers, unsized fibers and fibers with a PMMA coating applied using RF-Plasma grafting. The QIS micromechanical technique is then used to interpret the MRS data to quantify the complex, local in situ matrix and interface stresses and deformations, which can be accurately described by an elastic-plastic-debond (multiparameter) micromechanical model. These quantities are found to depend highly on interface condition and local fiber spacing, thus motivating questions about the usefulness of traditional single-fiber-composite tests in forecasting localized failure in large composites. Comparing the stress concentration profiles on intact neighboring fibers measured experimentally and predicted by QIS reveals the complex dependence on fiber spacing and the extent and type of interfacial damage. In a few examples, it is shown how the multi-parameter description of the interface, calibrated at the single fiber break level, can be used as input for analysis and prediction of activity around more complex fiber break arrangements in a much larger composite. Based on the present results, recommendations for further investigations; using MRS-QIS, are given. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Amer, Maher/A-1802-2009; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0334-181X J9 SCI ENG COMPOS MATER JI Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater. PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 204 PG 54 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 107BA UT WOS:000075184900007 ER PT B AU Stewart, TL Frey, JA Geiser, DW Manke, KL AF Stewart, TL Frey, JA Geiser, DW Manke, KL BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Overview of US radioactive tank problem SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stewart, TL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400001 ER PT B AU LaFemina, JP AF LaFemina, JP BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Science needs for tank waste remediation SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Tanks Force Area, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP LaFemina, JP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Tanks Force Area, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400002 ER PT B AU Brouns, TM Frey, JA Stewart, TL Allen, RW Manke, KL AF Brouns, TM Frey, JA Stewart, TL Allen, RW Manke, KL BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Tanks Focus Area: Technology program to meet DOE's tank waste clean-up needs SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brouns, TM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400003 ER PT B AU Todd, TA Olson, AL Palmer, WB Valentine, JH AF Todd, TA Olson, AL Palmer, WB Valentine, JH BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Proposed INEEL treatment plan for liquid acidic waste and calcine SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Todd, TA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400004 ER PT B AU Holtzscheiter, EW Cicero-Herman, CA Carroll, SJ Flaherty, JE AF Holtzscheiter, EW Cicero-Herman, CA Carroll, SJ Flaherty, JE BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Doe regulatory reform initiative - Vitrified mixed waste SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc AB In October 1995, the Department of Energy (DOE) submitted a regulatory reform proposal to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) relating to vitrified mixed waste forms. The technical proposal supports a regulatory strategy that would allow vitrified mixed waste forms treated through a permit or other environmental compliance mechanism to be granted an exemption from Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste regulation, after treatment, based upon the inherent destruction and immobilization capabilities of vitrification technology. The vitrified waste form will meet or exceed the performance criteria of the Environmental Assessment (EA) glass(1) that has been accepted as the High Level Waste (HLW) standard for immobilizing radioactive waste components and the LDR treatment standards for inorganics and metals for controlling hazardous constituents. The proposal further provides that vitrified mixed waste would be responsibly managed under the Atomic Energy Act (AEA), while reducing overall costs. Full regulatory authority by the EPA or a State would be maintained until an acceptable vitrified mired waste form, protective of human health and the environment, is produced. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Holtzscheiter, EW (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 45 EP 56 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400005 ER PT B AU Gilchrist, RL Revenko, Y AF Gilchrist, RL Revenko, Y BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Results of US/Russian collaboration on high-level waste tank problems SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gilchrist, RL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400006 ER PT B AU Agnew, SF AF Agnew, SF BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Comparisons of historical process estimates with tank waste assays SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Agnew, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 65 EP 75 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400007 ER PT B AU Colson, SD Gephart, RE Hunter, VL Janata, J Morgan, LG AF Colson, SD Gephart, RE Hunter, VL Janata, J Morgan, LG BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI A risk and outcome based strategy for justifying characterization to resolve tank waste safety issues SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc AB This report describes a risk-based decision-making strategy for determining characterization needs and resolving safety issues during the storage and remediation of radioactive waste stored in the 177 underground tanks located on the U. S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in Washington State. From 1944 to the late 1980's, Hanford reprocessed 100,000 metric tons of irradiated nuclear fuel to produce 67 metric tons of plutonium-239 for use in nuclear weapons. The high-level radioactivity and chemical waste generated from this reprocessing is now stored in aging carbon steel tanks. The recommended strategy uses interactive problem evaluation and decision analysis methods commonly used in industry to solve problems under conditions of uncertainty (i.e., lack of perfect knowledge). It acknowledges that problem resolution comes through both the application of high-quality science and human decisions based upon preferences and sometimes hard-to-compare choices. It recognizes that to resolve a safety problem, the controlling waste characteristics and chemical phenomena must be measurable or estimated to an acceptable level of confidence tailored to the decision being made. Critical interactive steps in the recommended strategy are to 1) establish safety/risk resolution land tank waste remediation) goals, 2) identify key waste characteristics, physical conditions, and chemical reactions that control problem(s) of interest, 3) assess problem using existing data and information, 4) evaluate uncertainty in data, model, and risk estimates, 5) compare cost/risk of alternative safety resolution, mitigation, or control options, 6) evaluate whether or not resolution goals are achieved; if goals are not achieved, perform new data collection or modeling to reduce uncertainty and/or implement new safety controls/mitigation measures, 7) make decisions and take actions consistent with findings, and 8) iterate the process as needed to achieve risk reduction or control goals. Important attributes of the recommended strategy are that it 1) keeps analyses and risk models as simple as the problem requires by matching problem solving methods (tools) and activities to problem resolution needs, 2) is risk based and recognizes uncertainty in knowledge of complex waste system characteristics and behavior, 3) uses only data/information of known quality to support decision making, 4) recognizes that understanding a problem and potential resolution actions is an evolving process, and 5) uses expert knowledge and judgment independent of the U.S. Department of Energy for technical review. In the recommended strategy, waste characterization is performed as an integrated activity inseparable from tank operation, safety resolution, or waste remediation activities. In this setting, characterization actions can be justified as cost-saving measures to reduce or control risk. This paper describes the strategy in some detail and demonstrates its use by application to the Hanford tank waste organic-nitrate safety issue. The result of this work is a risk ordered list of the set of tanks chosen for this demonstration and shows, among other findings, that 1) one of the largest contributions to the risk is uncertainty in the tank contents, 2) a small set of tanks show a 10-fold or greater risk than all others, 3) that a simplified risk calculation can be used as a screening tool to focus characterization work on the highest risk tanks, and 4) that a quantitative risk assessment model can be used to conduct sensitivity analyses, scenario tests, and to identify parameters which, if known with sufficient certainty, can be used to determine that risks are acceptable (incredibly low). Successful accomplishment of any of the options to resolve, mitigate, or control a safety issue requires that acceptable risk criteria for the specific safety issue be defined and used as the basis for determining when further investigation/study is no longer needed. The organic-nitrate safety issue discussed here specifically illustrates the effect that various risk acceptance criteria can have on decisions and recommended actions. There is a caveat to these findings. The recommended strategy calls for an independent analysis of whether the data used in the risk calculation faithfully represents the information required by the risk analysis as well as an independent technical peer review of the strategy itself(along with its associated tools and methods). Limited funding and time did not allow these two elements of the strategy to be employed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Colson, SD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MS K-8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 77 EP 99 PG 23 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400008 ER PT B AU Noonan, AF Dodd, DA Jensen, L Iwatate, DF Rainey, TE Reich, FR Thomas, TR AF Noonan, AF Dodd, DA Jensen, L Iwatate, DF Rainey, TE Reich, FR Thomas, TR BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Technical approach to characterization of residual waste at Hanford tank sites in support of waste retrieval and tank closure alternatives SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Noonan, AF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 101 EP 116 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400009 ER PT B AU Bastiaans, GJ Ballard, JH Morgan, C AF Bastiaans, GJ Ballard, JH Morgan, C BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Vadose zone characterization for high-level waste tank closure SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bastiaans, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 117 EP 126 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400010 ER PT B AU Smith, MR Hartman, JS Alexander, ML Mendoza, A Hirt, EH Stewart, TL Hansen, MA Park, WR Peters, TJ Burghard, BJ Ball, JM Narquis, CT Thornton, DM Harris, RL AF Smith, MR Hartman, JS Alexander, ML Mendoza, A Hirt, EH Stewart, TL Hansen, MA Park, WR Peters, TJ Burghard, BJ Ball, JM Narquis, CT Thornton, DM Harris, RL BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Laser ablation - Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Hanford high-level waste materials SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc AB Progress in the development of laser ablation sampling with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) has allowed deployment into the Hot Cell facility at Hanford's 222-S laboratory. Results to date indicate that this method can be used to rapidly characterize "raw" radioactive tank sludge materials; with respect to process chemistries as well as radiogenic components including fission and actinide distributions. Initial testing conducted with an identical test system determined experimental operating parameters which has provided quantitative assessment of sludge elemental/isotopic constituents. The deployed system configuration will be described. Data will be presented which illustrates present qualitative and quantitative capabilities of the system. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, MR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 135 EP 158 PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400012 ER PT B AU Powell, MR AF Powell, MR BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI The development of physical property simulants for DOE radioactive tank wastes SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc AB Waste simulants are used in the development and testing of retrieval, treatment, and disposal methods for radioactive wastes. In many cases, only selected physical properties of the waste need to be matched to produce a simulant suitable for process testing and evaluation. The strategy used to select and match these key physical properties is described in this paper. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Proc Technol Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Proc Technol Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 159 EP 172 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400013 ER PT B AU Beahm, EC Weber, CF Hunt, RD Dillow, TA AF Beahm, EC Weber, CF Hunt, RD Dillow, TA BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Solids control in sludge pretreatment SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lockheed Martin Energy Res Corp, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beahm, EC (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Energy Res Corp, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400015 ER PT B AU Lumetta, GJ Rapko, BM Liu, J Temer, DJ AF Lumetta, GJ Rapko, BM Liu, J Temer, DJ BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Enhanced sludge washing for pretreating Hanford tank sludges SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc AB The term "Enhanced Sludge Washing" (ESW) refers to a method by which tank sludges are leached with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions (several molar in NaOH). The ESW process is designed to leach aluminum, chromium, phosphate, and sulfate from the sludges. Removing these nonradioactive components will reduce the amount of high-level waste being processed for final disposal. Aluminum is removed by dissolving aluminum oxides/hydroxides as sodium aluminate. We presume that phosphate and sulfate are removed by metathesis of insoluble phosphates and sulfates to the corresponding metal hydroxides and soluble sodium phosphate and sulfate. Earlier we presumed that chromium would be removed by dissolution of Cr(III) as Cr(OK)(4)(2-), but experimental evidence suggests that the removal of Cr by this mechanism is unfavorable. In this paper, we summarize ESW studies on actual tank waste samples. The behavior of the various sludge components as functions of waste type and processing conditions are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lumetta, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 203 EP 218 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400016 ER PT B AU Walker, DD Barnes, MJ Crawford, CL Peterson, RA Swingle, RF Fink, SD AF Walker, DD Barnes, MJ Crawford, CL Peterson, RA Swingle, RF Fink, SD BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI In-tank precipitation with tetraphenylborate: Recent process and research results SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc AB At the Savannah River Site (SRS), the In-Tank Precipitation (ITP) process uses sodium tetraphenylborate to decontaminate soluble waste by precipitating cesium-137. The first batch operations in October 1995 successfully decontaminated one-half million gallons of high-level waste producing 346,000 gallons of filtrate containing only 3 nCi cesium-137 per,gram. During the precipitation and filtration, measured benzene generation fell well below safe limits. During a pause in the test sequence, the excess sodium tetraphenylborate decomposed. The decomposition occurred in highly alkaline solution in which tetraphenylborate was previously shown to be stable. The reaction at high pH appears catalyzed by trace amounts. of transition metals in the waste. The reaction proceeded by successive removal of phenyl groups, ending in berate ion with major products benzene (87% yield), phenol (7%), and biphenyl (4.5%). The benzene remained in the slurry and was released under a nitrogen overblanket during carefully controlled operations of the slurry pumps in the tank. Subsequent experiments demonstrated transition metals and excess sodium tetraphenylborate required for the rapid decomposition reaction. The rate of benzene formation increases with temperature and under anoxic conditions. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Walker, DD (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site,POB A, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 219 EP 230 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400017 ER PT B AU Dietz, ML Horwitz, EP AF Dietz, ML Horwitz, EP BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Combining solvent extraction processes for actinide and fission product separations SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dietz, ML (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 231 EP 243 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400018 ER PT B AU Law, JD Brewer, KN Todd, TA Olson, LG AF Law, JD Brewer, KN Todd, TA Olson, LG BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Demonstration of the TRUEX process for the treatment of actual high-activity tank waste at the INEEL using centrifugal contractors SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Law, JD (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 245 EP 253 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400019 ER PT B AU Wood, DJ Law, JD Todd, TA AF Wood, DJ Law, JD Todd, TA BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Demonstration of the SREX process for the treatment of actual high-activity tank waste at the INEEL using centrifugal contractors SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wood, DJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 255 EP 267 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400020 ER PT B AU Miller, JE Brown, NE Krumhansl, JL Trudell, DE Anthony, RG Philip, CV AF Miller, JE Brown, NE Krumhansl, JL Trudell, DE Anthony, RG Philip, CV BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Development and properties of cesium selective crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ion exchangers for radioactive waste applications SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 269 EP 286 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400021 ER PT B AU Schroeder, NC Radzinski, SD Ashley, KR Truong, AP Szczepaniak, PA AF Schroeder, NC Radzinski, SD Ashley, KR Truong, AP Szczepaniak, PA BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Technetium oxidation state adjustment for Hanford waste processing SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schroeder, NC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 301 EP 320 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400023 ER PT B AU Gilliam, TM Spence, RD AF Gilliam, TM Spence, RD BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Grout and vitrification formula development for immobilization of hazardous radioactive tank sludges at ORNL SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gilliam, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 335 EP 349 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400025 ER PT B AU Piepel, GF Hrma, P Vienna, JD AF Piepel, GF Hrma, P Vienna, JD BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Glass chemistry development strategy for Hanford high-level waste SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc AB Developing glass compositions for Hanford high-level waste (HLW) is complicated by several factors. Hanford HLWs are stored in 177 underground storage tanks and have a wide range of compositions, some of which are not well-known. Further, decisions about retrieving, blending, and pretreating Hanford tank wastes are not final. A global-local strategy for developing and qualifying waste glass compositions in this uncertain Hanford environment has been formulated by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) over the last 10 years. The global phase of the strategy explores a wide region of glass compositions to cover the widely varying and uncertain compositions of Hanford wastes. Local phases of the strategy focus on narrower glass composition regions corresponding to well-known individual waste types. The global and local phases of the strategy rely on statistically designed experimental studies, which are used to develop property-composition models as functions of glass composition (and temperature for some properties). Property limits implemented via the property-composition models (and their corresponding uncertainty equations) are then used to identify one or more qualified glass composition regions that meet product quality and processing constraints. Optimum glasses (with maximum waste loadings to minimize glass production and disposal costs) within the qualified region(s) are then developed using the property-composition models. The steps of the strategy are discussed, and applications of the strategy at PNNL are briefly summarized. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Piepel, GF (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 393 EP 402 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400029 ER PT B AU O'Connell, WJ Bourcier, WL Gansemer, J Ueng, TS AF O'Connell, WJ Bourcier, WL Gansemer, J Ueng, TS BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Performance assessment modeling for Savannah river glass HLW disposal in a potential repository at Yucca mountain SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP O'Connell, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 403 EP 412 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400030 ER PT B AU Bacon, DH McGrail, BP AF Bacon, DH McGrail, BP BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Source term analysis for Hanford low-activity tank waste using the storm code: A coupled unsaturated flow and reactive transport model SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bacon, DH (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Hydrol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 413 EP 423 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400031 ER PT B AU Brodzinski, RL Hensley, WK Lepel, EA Smith, MR AF Brodzinski, RL Hensley, WK Lepel, EA Smith, MR BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Detecting Cs-137 breakthrough in an ion exchange process SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brodzinski, RL (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 427 EP 433 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400032 ER PT B AU Hylton, TD Anderson, MS Van Essen, DC Bayne, CK AF Hylton, TD Anderson, MS Van Essen, DC Bayne, CK BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Comparative testing of slurry monitors SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hylton, TD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 435 EP 438 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400033 ER PT B AU Sheen, SH Chien, HT Raptis, AC AF Sheen, SH Chien, HT Raptis, AC BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI An ultrasonic instrument for measuring density and viscosity of tank waste SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sheen, SH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 439 EP 447 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400034 ER PT B AU Hurd, JR Veazey, GW Ricketts, TE AF Hurd, JR Veazey, GW Ricketts, TE BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Performance of NDA techniques on a vitrified waste form SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hurd, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 475 EP 483 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400037 ER PT B AU Bamberger, JA Kytomaa, HK Greenwood, MS AF Bamberger, JA Kytomaa, HK Greenwood, MS BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI Slurry ultrasonic particle size and concentration characterization SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 485 EP 495 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400038 ER PT B AU Greenwood, MS Skorpik, JR Bamberger, JA AF Greenwood, MS Skorpik, JR Bamberger, JA BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI On-line sensor to measure the density of a liquid or slurry SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greenwood, MS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 497 EP 506 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400039 ER PT B AU Nash, KL Jensen, MP Schmidt, MA AF Nash, KL Jensen, MP Schmidt, MA BE Schulz, WW Lombardo, NJ TI In-situ mineralization of actinides for groundwater cleanup: Laboratory demonstration with soil from the Fernald environmental management project SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE TANK WASTES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Science Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45904-3 PY 1998 BP 507 EP 518 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL45U UT WOS:000075569400040 ER PT S AU Louca, D Kwei, GH Mitchell, JF AF Louca, D Kwei, GH Mitchell, JF BE Hundley, MF Nickel, JH Ramesh, R Tokura, Y TI Evidence for a Jahn-Teller distortion in the CMR layered manganite La1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7 SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF MAGNETIC OXIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metallic Magnetic Oxides at the Materials-Research-Society Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hewlett Packard Corp, Joint Res Ctr Atom Techn, Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab AB The changes with temperature in the crystallographic structure of the two-layered La1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7, are on average quite small but the atomic pair density function analysis of pulsed neutron diffraction data shows that the lattice is locally distorted in accordance with the change in the transport properties. In particular, while no Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion is expected in the layered compounds because the octahedral bilayers are almost cubic, lattice distortions attributed to a large JT effect are present and are of comparable magnitude as in the cubic perovskite system. This could in turn explain the similarity in their properties. The number of the JT distorted sites is reduced with temperature concomitantly with the decrease in resistivity of the ab-plane. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-399-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 494 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK73N UT WOS:000073253400008 ER PT S AU Louca, D Sarrao, JL Kwei, GH AF Louca, D Sarrao, JL Kwei, GH BE Hundley, MF Nickel, JH Ramesh, R Tokura, Y TI The local atomic structure of La1-xSrxCoO3: Effects induced by the spin-state and non-metal to metal transitions SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF MAGNETIC OXIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metallic Magnetic Oxides at the Materials-Research-Society Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hewlett Packard Corp, Joint Res Ctr Atom Techn, Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab AB The pair density function (PDF) used in the analysis of pulsed neutron diffraction data of La1-xSrxCoO3 revealed new structural effects which are correlated to the susceptibility and transport transitions. The transition in the spin configuration of the Co ions from the low-spin (LS) to the high-spin (HS) state in the Co perovskite oxides can potentially induce structural distortions due to the coupling of the spin to the lattice and charge. The ground state of the pure compound, LaCoO3, is in the LS state and is non-magnetic. A transition occurs to the HS state at similar to 50 K as indicated from the susceptibility measurements due to the thermal excitation of electrons to the e(g) level. The CoLSO6 octahedra associated with the Co ions in the LS configuration are distinguished from the CoHSO6 octahedra with the Co in the HS configuration because the Co-LS-O bond length is shorter than the Co-HS-O distance due to the different size of the corresponding Co ions. Such bond lengths are clearly identified in the local structure between 15-300 K. This finding is in contrast to the average structure which shows only one type of bond length in this temperature range but two types of bond lengths are suggested at considerably higher temperatures. This suggests that whereas the LS and HS CoO6-octahedra coexist, they are randomly distributed in the crystal lattice at lower temperatures and become ordered at higher temperatures. The introduction of charge carriers in the structure does not eliminate the coexistence of both the LS and I-IS states, indicating that with the transition to the ferromagnetic metallic state, the spin configuration is not entirely of the HS character and structural inhomogeneities are present. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, MST-10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-399-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 494 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK73N UT WOS:000073253400016 ER PT S AU Kwon, C Jia, QX Fan, Y Hundley, MF Reagor, DW Hawley, ME Peterson, DE AF Kwon, C Jia, QX Fan, Y Hundley, MF Reagor, DW Hawley, ME Peterson, DE BE Hundley, MF Nickel, JH Ramesh, R Tokura, Y TI Observation of large low field magnetoresistance in ramp-edge tunneling junctions based on doped manganite ferromagnetic electrodes and a SrTiO3 insulator SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF MAGNETIC OXIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metallic Magnetic Oxides at the Materials-Research-Society Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hewlett Packard Corp, Joint Res Ctr Atom Techn, Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab AB We report the fabrication of ferromagnet-insulator-ferromagnet junction devices using a ramp-edge geometry based on (La0.7Sr0.3)MnO3 ferromagnetic electrodes and a SrTiO3 insulator. The multilayer thin films were deposited using pulsed laser deposition and the devices were patterned using photolithography and ion milling. As expected from the spin-dependent tunneling, the junction magnetoresistance depends on the relative orientation of the magnetization in the electrodes. The maximum junction magnetoresistance (JMR) of 30 % is observed below 300 Oe at low temperatures (T < 100 K). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kwon, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-399-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 494 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK73N UT WOS:000073253400033 ER PT S AU Hawley, ME Brown, GW Kwon, C AF Hawley, ME Brown, GW Kwon, C BE Hundley, MF Nickel, JH Ramesh, R Tokura, Y TI Observation of growth-related magnetic structures in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF MAGNETIC OXIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metallic Magnetic Oxides at the Materials-Research-Society Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hewlett Packard Corp, Joint Res Ctr Atom Techn, Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab AB Ambient observation of magnetic structures by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films has not yet been clearly correlated with stresses induced by the kinetic or thermodynamic growth processes or the compressive (LaAlO3) or tensile (SrTiO3) nature of the substrate lattice-mismatch. Although domain-like magnetic structures have been seen in some as-grown films on LAO and related to substrate-induced stress and film thickness, no magnetic structure has been seen for films on STO and other films grown under different kinetic conditions on LAG. In this study we have identified a set of pulsed-laser deposition conditions with the substrate temperature as a variable to determine the relationship between growth and stress-induced magnetic structures. Results from scanning tunneling, atomic force, and MFM microscopies, magnetization, and coercivity measurements will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hawley, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-399-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 494 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK73N UT WOS:000073253400037 ER PT S AU Heffner, RH Hundley, MF Booth, CH AF Heffner, RH Hundley, MF Booth, CH BE Hundley, MF Nickel, JH Ramesh, R Tokura, Y TI Effects of localized holes on charge transport, local structure and spin dynamics in the metallic state of CMR La1-xCaxMnO3 SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF MAGNETIC OXIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metallic Magnetic Oxides at the Materials-Research-Society Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hewlett Packard Corp, Joint Res Ctr Atom Techn, Lake Shore Cryotron Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab AB We review resistivity, x-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) and muon spin relaxation (mu SR) data which provide clear evidence for localized holes causing polaron distortion and unusual spin dynamics below T-C in "colossal magnetoresistive" (CMR) La1-xCaxMnO3. Resistivity measurements for x=0.33 under an applied field H have shown that ln[p(H,T)] proportional to-M, where M is the magnetization. The XAFS data show a similar functional dependence for the polaron distortions on M. The data from these two measurements are interpreted in terms of some fraction of the available holes x remaining localized and some increasing fraction becoming delocalized with increasing M. Finally, this polaron-induced spatial inhomogeneity yields anomalously slow, spatially inhomogeneous spin dynamics below T-C, as shown in the mu SR data. These experiments individually probe the charge, lattice and spin degrees of freedom in this CMR system and suggest that the polarons retain some identity even at temperatures significantly below T-C. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Heffner, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-399-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 494 BP 275 EP 286 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK73N UT WOS:000073253400039 ER PT J AU Elmer, JW Teruya, AT AF Elmer, JW Teruya, AT TI Fast method for measuring power density distribution of non-circular and irregular electron beams SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID PENETRATION AB A fast method for measuring the power density distribution of electron beams has been developed. The method employs a refractory metal disc containing regularly spaced radial slits and a Faraday cup to measure electron beam profiles as the beam is oscillated in a circular pattern over the disc, This beam profiling method can be used for real time focusing along a given beam sweep orientation by monitoring one of the beam profiles. When the focus setting is satisfactory all of the beam profiles can then be stored for computed tomography (CT) reconstruction. The CT reconstruction renders an image of the powder density distribution and provides beam statistics as a permanent file for process control records. The process (taking similar to 1 min to perform in its entirety using a conventional PC) was used to investigate the influence of focus setting on the power density distribution of 5 mA electron beams operating at accelerating voltages of 80 and 140 kV. Results of these tests show the effects of beam astigmatism on the power density distribution and the optimum focus conditions for these non-circular beams. in addition, these results show the ability of the 140 kV beam to focus more precisely and thus produce higher power densities than the 80 kV beam. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-355, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 1998 VL 3 IS 2 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA ZN174 UT WOS:000073617300001 ER PT J AU Li, M Brooks, JA AF Li, M Brooks, JA TI Mechanism of single centreline grain formation in titanium alloy welds SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC GROWTH; SOLIDIFICATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; BEHAVIOR AB The formation of a single through thickness grain found in the centreline of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V thin sheet welds was investigated. Based on the numerical and experimental results, a new mechanism is proposed that considers the dendrite growth velocity and orientation and their influences on the solid/liquid interface temperature. This new mechanism, involving dendrite tip undercooling and competitive growth concepts, can be used to explain the formation and stabilisation of the single grain and grain structure in the weld. It was found that the centreline single gr ain is stabilised by its dendrites along a favourable (100) direction and its protrusion into the trailing edge of the weld pool, as a consequence of it growing at a lower velocity with less undercooling than the dendrites in the adjacent grains. In addition, the results suggest that the formation of the single through thickness centreline grain is also dependent on the weld geometry controlled by the welding heat input and travel speed. The macroscopic structure and growth directions of the weld pool must be such that the centreline grain can first become established. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 1998 VL 3 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA ZN174 UT WOS:000073617300006 ER PT S AU Buck, EC Finch, RJ Finn, PA Bates, JK AF Buck, EC Finch, RJ Finn, PA Bates, JK BE McKinley, IG McCombie, C TI Retention of neptunium in uranyl alteration phases formed during spent fuel corrosion SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Natl Cooperat Disposal Radioact Waste, Swiss Fed Nucl Safety Inspectorate, Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Assoc Atom Energy, Swiss Fed Inst Techn, Mat Res Soc, European Mat Res Soc, Int Union Mat Res Soc, European Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Commiss European Commun, OECD, Nucl Energy Agcy, Reunion Int Lab Essais & Rech Mat Construct, Swiss Agcy Dev & Cooperat AB Uranyl oxide hydrate phases are known to form during contact of oxide spent nuclear fuel with water under oxidizing conditions; however, less is known about the fate of fission and neutron capture products during this alteration. We describe, for the first time, evidence that neptunium can become incorporated into the uranyl secondary phase, dehydrated schoepite (UO3 . 0.8H(2)O). Based on the long-term durability of natural schoepite, the retention of neptunium in this alteration phase may be significant during spent fuel corrosion in an unsaturated geologic repository. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Buck, EC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574; Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 NR 0 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-411-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 506 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK73V UT WOS:000073286700011 ER PT S AU Finn, PA Finch, R Buck, E Bates, J AF Finn, PA Finch, R Buck, E Bates, J BE McKinley, IG McCombie, C TI Corrosion mechanisms of spent fuel under oxidizing conditions SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Natl Cooperat Disposal Radioact Waste, Swiss Fed Nucl Safety Inspectorate, Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Assoc Atom Energy, Swiss Fed Inst Techn, Mat Res Soc, European Mat Res Soc, Int Union Mat Res Soc, European Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Commiss European Commun, OECD, Nucl Energy Agcy, Reunion Int Lab Essais & Rech Mat Construct, Swiss Agcy Dev & Cooperat AB The release of Tc-99 can be used as a reliable marker for the extent of spent oxide fuel reaction under unsaturated high-drip-rate conditions at 90 degrees C. Evidence from leachate data and from scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) examination of reacted fuel samples is presented for radionuclide release, potential reaction pathways and the formation of alteration products. In the ATM-103 fuel, 0.03 of the total inventory of Tc-99 is released in 3.7 years under unsaturated and oxidizing conditions. Two reaction pathways that have been identified from SEM are 1) through-grain dissolution with subsequent formation of uranyl alteration products, and 2) grain-boundary dissolution. The major alteration product identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM, is Na-boltwoodite, Na[(UO2)(SiO3OH)]. H2O, which is formed from sodium and silicon in the water leachant. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Finn, PA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574; Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-411-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 506 BP 123 EP 131 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK73V UT WOS:000073286700016 ER PT S AU Haire, RG Assefa, Z Stump, N AF Haire, RG Assefa, Z Stump, N BE McKinley, IG McCombie, C TI Fundamental science of f-elements in selected immobilization glasses: Significance for TRU disposal schemes SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Natl Cooperat Disposal Radioact Waste, Swiss Fed Nucl Safety Inspectorate, Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Assoc Atom Energy, Swiss Fed Inst Techn, Mat Res Soc, European Mat Res Soc, Int Union Mat Res Soc, European Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Commiss European Commun, OECD, Nucl Energy Agcy, Reunion Int Lab Essais & Rech Mat Construct, Swiss Agcy Dev & Cooperat AB We have investigated certain aspects of the fundamental chemistry and materials science of the 4f- and several Sf-elements in three glass matrices. Two of these matrices were high-temperature (850 degrees and 1450 degrees C melting points) silicate-based glasses and the third was a sol-gel glass. Optical spectroscopy was the principal investigating tool. One aspect of the work here was to ascertain the oxidation state exhibited by these elements in the different glasses, as well as the factors that control and/or may alter this state. An important finding was noting a general correlation between the oxidation states obtained in the two high-temperature glasses and those observed in the oxides of these elements. Of the twenty three f-elements considered here, only three exceptions (Ce, Am and Bk) or examples of variable behavior (Pr, Tb, U and Cf) to this correlation were noted. One explanation offered for the exceptions is based on the stability afforded by the oxides' fluorite lattice. The correlation also applied to the sol-gel glasses after they had been heated. Other oxidation states for some elements could be obtained in the sol-gel glasses prepared at 25 degrees C. Presented here is a summary of the oxidation states observed for these elements in three glass matrices and how these states correlate with those observed in the oxides of these elements and with the relative oxidation potentials for the elements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Haire, RG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008,MS-6375, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-411-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 506 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK73V UT WOS:000073286700019 ER PT S AU Hess, NJ Weber, WJ Conradson, SD AF Hess, NJ Weber, WJ Conradson, SD BE McKinley, IG McCombie, C TI X-ray absorption fine structure of aged, Pu-doped glass and ceramic waste forms SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Natl Cooperat Disposal Radioact Waste, Swiss Fed Nucl Safety Inspectorate, Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Assoc Atom Energy, Swiss Fed Inst Techn, Mat Res Soc, European Mat Res Soc, Int Union Mat Res Soc, European Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Commiss European Commun, OECD, Nucl Energy Agcy, Reunion Int Lab Essais & Rech Mat Construct, Swiss Agcy Dev & Cooperat AB X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopic studies were performed on a suite of compositionally identical Pu-doped simulated waste glasses prepared 15 years ago at different alpha-activities by varying the Pu-239/Pu-238 isotopic ratio. The resulting alpha-activities range from 1.9 x 10(7) to 4.2 x 10(9) Bq/g. These samples have a current, accumulated dose that ranges from 8.8 x 10(15) to 1.9 x 10(18) alpha-decays/g. A second suite of polycrystalline zircon samples that were synthesized 16 years ago with 10.0 wt. % Pu was also investigated. The Pu-239/Pu-238 isotopic ratio in these samples resulted in alpha-activities of 2.5 x 10(8) and 5.6 x 10(10) Bq/g and an accumulated dose of 1.2 x 10(17) and 2.8 x 10(19) alpha-decays/g. The multicomponent composition of the simulated waste glass permitted XAFS investigation at six elemental absorption edges. For both the glass and ceramic waste forms, initial analysis of Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) indicate that the local environment around the cations exhibit different degrees of disorder as a result of the accumulated alpha-decay dose. In general cations with short cation-oxygen bonds show little effect from self-radiation where as cations with long cation-oxygen bonds show a greater degree of disorder with accumulated alpha-decay dose. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hess, NJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-411-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 506 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK73V UT WOS:000073286700021 ER PT S AU Liu, GK Luo, JS Li, ST Loong, CK Abraham, MM Beitz, JV Bates, JK Boatner, LA AF Liu, GK Luo, JS Li, ST Loong, CK Abraham, MM Beitz, JV Bates, JK Boatner, LA BE McKinley, IG McCombie, C TI Self-radiation induced anisotropic structure damage in Cm-244-doped orthophosphate LuPo4 SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st International Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Natl Cooperat Disposal Radioact Waste, Swiss Fed Nucl Safety Inspectorate, Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Assoc Atom Energy, Swiss Fed Inst Techn, Mat Res Soc, European Mat Res Soc, Int Union Mat Res Soc, European Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Commiss European Commun, OECD, Nucl Energy Agcy, Reunion Int Lab Essais & Rech Mat Construct, Swiss Agcy Dev & Cooperat C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-411-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 506 BP 921 EP 922 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK73V UT WOS:000073286700115 ER PT S AU Hansen, FD Knowles, MK Thompson, TW AF Hansen, FD Knowles, MK Thompson, TW BE McKinley, IG McCombie, C TI A mechanistically based model for Spallings releases at the waste isolation pilot plant SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on the Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Natl Cooperat Disposal Radioact Waste, Swiss Fed Nucl Safety Inspectorate, Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Assoc Atom Energy, Swiss Fed Inst Techn, Mat Res Soc, European Mat Res Soc, Int Union Mat Res Soc, European Nucl Soc, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Commiss European Commun, OECD, Nucl Energy Agcy, Reunion Int Lab Essais & Rech Mat Construct, Swiss Agcy Dev & Cooperat C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hansen, FD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-411-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 506 BP 1033 EP 1037 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK73V UT WOS:000073286700152 ER PT S AU Mellott, K Bross, A Pla-Dalmau, A AF Mellott, K Bross, A Pla-Dalmau, A BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI Scintillator manufacture at Fermilab SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB A decade of research into plastic scintillation materials at Fermilab is reviewed. Early work with plastic optical fiber fabrication is revisited and recent experiments with large-scale commercial methods for production of bulk scintillator are discussed. Costs for various forms of scintillator are examined and new development goals including cost reduction methods and quality improvement techniques are suggested. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mellott, K (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 106 EP 112 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100010 ER PT S AU Ramberg, EJ AF Ramberg, EJ BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI Scintillating fiber ribbon development for the DO upgrade SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB As part of general upgrade of the DO detector, a scintillating fiber tracker is being developed at Fermilab. This note describes the development of ribbons of scintillating fibers as the first step in production of the active element of this tracker. Methods for testing the quality of these ribbons and of mounting them on the support structure are briefly described. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ramberg, EJ (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100012 ER PT S AU Bross, A Choi, S Gutierrez, G Grunendahl, S Lincoln, D Ramberg, E Ray, R Ruchti, R Warchol, J Wayne, M AF Bross, A Choi, S Gutierrez, G Grunendahl, S Lincoln, D Ramberg, E Ray, R Ruchti, R Warchol, J Wayne, M BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI The DO scintillating fiber tracker SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB The DO detector is being upgraded in preparation for the next collider run at Fermilab. The Central Fiber Tracker discussed in this report is a major component of the DO upgrade. The expected Tevatron luminosity of 2x10(32)cm(-2)sec(-1), the 132ns bunch crossing time, and the DO detector constraints of a 2 Tesla solenoid and a 52 cm lever arm, make a scintillating fiber based tracker an optimal choice for the upgrade of the DO detector. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bross, A (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100023 ER PT S AU Atac, M AF Atac, M BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI Visible Light Photon Counters (VLPCs) for high rate tracking Medical Imaging and Particle Astrophysics SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB This paper is on the operation principles of the Visible Light Photon Counters (VLPCs), application to high luminosity-high multiplicity tracking for High Energy Charged Particle Physics, and application to Medical Imaging and Particle Astrophysics. The VLPCs as Solid State Photomultipliers (SSPMs) with high quantum efficiency can detect down to single photons very efficiently with excellent lime resolution and high avalanche gains. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Atac, M (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 315 EP 331 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100033 ER PT S AU Bross, A Choi, S Geurkov, G Grunendahl, S Lincoln, D Ruchti, R Warchol, J Wayne, M AF Bross, A Choi, S Geurkov, G Grunendahl, S Lincoln, D Ruchti, R Warchol, J Wayne, M BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI VLPC characterization SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB We present the results of the study of quantum efficiency and gain of Visible Light Photon Counters (VLPC) at high counting rates, expected in their application as readout detectors of the scintillating fiber tracker in the DO detector. At a projected maximum rate of 10.10(6) photoeleclrons/sec, the VLPC quantum efficiency only decreases to 97% of its maximum value. Since other applications may involve higher counting rates, we present data up to rates of 90.10(6) photoelectrons/sec. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bross, A (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 332 EP 344 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100034 ER PT S AU Fukui, Y AF Fukui, Y CA CDF Plug Upgrade Grp BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI Test beam performance of CDF Plug Upgrade EM Calorimeter SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB CDF Plug Upgrade(tile-fiber) EM Calorimeter performed resolution of 15%/root E + 0.7% with non-linearity lear than 1% in a energy range of 5-180 GeV at Fermilab Test Beam. Transverse uniformity of inside-tower-response of the EM Calorimeter was 2.2% with 56 GeV positron, which was reduced to 1.0% with response map correction. We observed 300 photo electron/GeV in the EM Calorimeter. Ratios of EM Calorimeter response to positron beam to that to C-137(S) Source was stable within 1% in the period of 8 months. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, KEK, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fukui, Y (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, KEK, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100043 ER PT S AU Freeman, J AF Freeman, J BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI The CMS central hadron calorimeter SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB The CMS central hadron calorimeter is a brass absorber/scintillator sampling structure. We describe details of the mechanical and optical structure. We also discuss calibration techniques, and finally the anticipated construction schedule. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Freeman, J (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 462 EP 473 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100049 ER PT S AU Moses, WW AF Moses, WW BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI Overview of nuclear medical imaging instrumentation and techniques SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB Nuclear medical imaging is a well established method for obtaining information on the status of certain organs within the human body or in animals. This paper presents an overview of two commonly used methods, namely SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) and PET (positron emission tomography), as well as the emerging method of intraoperative probes with imaging capability. The discussion concentrates on the instrumentation requirements for these systems and on the potential for incorporating scintillating, wavelength shifting, and fiber optic light guides into them. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moses, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 477 EP 488 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100050 ER PT S AU Freeman, J Green, D Ronzhin, A AF Freeman, J Green, D Ronzhin, A BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI Test of HPD SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB The hybrid photodiode (HPD) is the baseline transducer for the CMS Hadron Calorimeter. The results of a study of the HPD vacuum, timing and increase of the response in magnetic field parallel to the HPD electric field are presented below. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Freeman, J (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 497 EP 508 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100052 ER PT S AU David, G Kistenev, E Stoll, S White, S Woody, C Basilevsky, A Belikov, S Chernichenkov, S Denisov, A Gilitzky, Y Kochetkov, V Melnikov, Y Onuchin, V Semenov, A Shelikhov, V Soldatov, A AF David, G Kistenev, E Stoll, S White, S Woody, C Basilevsky, A Belikov, S Chernichenkov, S Denisov, A Gilitzky, Y Kochetkov, V Melnikov, Y Onuchin, V Semenov, A Shelikhov, V Soldatov, A BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI The calibration and monitoring system for the PHENIX lead-scintillator electromagnetic calorimeter SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB A system for calibrating the PHENIX lead-scintillator electromagnetic calorimeter modules with cosmic rays and monitoring the stability during operation is described. The system is based on a UV laser which delivers light to each module through a network of optical fibers and splitters and is monitored at various points with silicon and vacuum photodiodes. Results are given from a prototype system which used a nitrogen laser to set the initial phototube gains and to establish the energy calibration of calorimeter modules and monitor their stability. A description of the final system to be used in PHENIX, based on a high power YAG laser, is also given. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP David, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 535 EP 540 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100056 ER PT S AU Mayo, DR Ensslin, N Grazioso, RF Heger, AS Mercer, DJ Miller, MC Russo, PA Sweet, MR AF Mayo, DR Ensslin, N Grazioso, RF Heger, AS Mercer, DJ Miller, MC Russo, PA Sweet, MR BE Bross, AD Ruchti, RC Wayne, MR TI Applications of boron-loaded scintillating fibers as NDA tools for nuclear safeguards SO SCIFI 97: CONFERENCE ON SCINTILLATING FIBER DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCIFI 97 Conference on Scintillating Fiber Detectors CY NOV 02-06, 1997 CL NOTRE DAME, IN SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Notre Dame, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Argonne Natl Lab, Biogeneral Inc, Collimated Holes Inc, Delft Electron Prod BV, Electron Tubes Inc, Hamamatsu Photon BV, Kuraray Corp, LeCroy Corp AB Nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation rely on nondestructive analytical tools for prompt and noninvasive detection, verification, and quantitative analysis of nuclear materials in demanding environments. A new tool based on the detection of correlated neutrons in narrow time windows is being investigated to fill the niche created by the current limitations of the existing methods based on polyethylene moderated He-3 gas proportional tubes. Commercially produced Boron-loaded (B-10) plastic scintillating fibers are one such technology under consideration. The fibers can be configured in a system to have high efficiency, short neutron die-away, pulse height sensitivity, and mechanical flexibility. Various configurations of the fibers with high density polyethylene have been considered which calculationally result in high efficiency detectors with short die-away times. A discussion of the design considerations and calculations of the detector efficiency, die-away time, and simulated pulse height spectra along with preliminary test results are presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mayo, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-792-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 450 BP 547 EP 554 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BM12A UT WOS:000077675100058 ER PT B AU Michael, P Miller, M Tongue, JS AF Michael, P Miller, M Tongue, JS GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Sea breeze regimes in the New York City region - Modeling and radar observations SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Michael, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 263 EP 266 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300052 ER PT B AU Baskett, RL Lee, RL Nuss, WA Bornstein, RD Reynolds, DW Umeda, T Ludwig, FL AF Baskett, RL Lee, RL Nuss, WA Bornstein, RD Reynolds, DW Umeda, T Ludwig, FL GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI The Bay Area Mesonet Initiative (BAMI): A cooperative effort to develop and operate a real-time mesoscale network in the greater San Francisco and Monterey Bay Areas SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTION AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes at the 78th American-Meteorological-Society Annual Meeting CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baskett, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-103,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP J30 EP J35 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL80H UT WOS:000076780300071 ER PT S AU Lockwood, GJ Shope, SL Wehlburg, JC Selph, MM Jojola, JM Turman, BN Jacobs, JA AF Lockwood, GJ Shope, SL Wehlburg, JC Selph, MM Jojola, JM Turman, BN Jacobs, JA GP IEE IEE TI Field tests of x-ray backscatter mine detection SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE DETECTION OF ABANDONED LAND MINES SE IEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Detection of Abandoned Land Mines CY OCT 12-14, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP IEE AB The implementation of a backscattered x-ray landmine detection system has been demonstrated in laboratories at both Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the University of Florida (UF). The next step was to evaluate the modality by assembling a system for field work. To assess the system's response to a variety of objects, buried plastic and metal antitank landmines, surface plastic antipersonnel landmines, and surface metal fragments were used as targets. The location of the test site was an unprepared field at SNL. The x-ray machine used for the field test system was an industrial x-ray machine which was operated at 150 kV and 5 mA and collimated to create a 2 cm diameter xray spot on the soil. The detectors used were two plastic scintillation detectors: one collimated (30 cm x 30 cm active area) to respond primarily to photons that have undergone multiple collision and the other uncollimated (30 cm x 7.6 cm active area) to respond primarily to photons that have had only one collision. To provide motion, the system was mounted on a gantry and rastered side-to-side using a computer-controlled stepper motor with a come-along providing the forward movement. Data generated from the detector responses were then analyzed to provide the images and locations of landmines. A new analysis method that increases resolution was used. Changing from the lab environment to the field did not decrease the system's ability to detect buried or obscured landmines. The addition of rain, blowing dust, rocky soil and native plant-life did not lower the system's resolution or contrast for the plastic or the metal landmines. Concepts for a civilian mine detection system based on this work using commercial off the shelf (COTS) equipment were developed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lockwood, GJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS INSPEC INC PI EDISON PA 379 THORNALL ST, EDISON, NJ 08837 USA SN 0537-9989 BN 0-85296-711-X J9 IEE CONF PUBL PY 1998 IS 458 BP 160 EP 163 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BM03Z UT WOS:000077459600036 ER PT J AU Kirino-Kagawa, H Yaoi, T Trent, JD AF Kirino-Kagawa, H Yaoi, T Trent, JD TI Is chaperonin from archaea, Sulfolobus shibatae, cytoskeleton? SO SEIKAGAKU LA Japanese DT Review ID T-COMPLEX POLYPEPTIDE-1; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; HEAT-SHOCK; PROTEIN; TCP-1; ACTIN; ARCHAEBACTERIUM; SUBUNITS; TUBULIN C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE BIOCHEMICAL SOC PI TOKYO PA ISHIKAWA BLDG-3F, 25-16 HONGO-5-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 0037-1017 J9 SEIKAGAKU JI Seikagaku PD JAN PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YV558 UT WOS:000071837600005 PM 9503984 ER PT S AU Davidson, S Buneman, P Kosky, A AF Davidson, S Buneman, P Kosky, A BE Thalheim, B Libkin, L TI Semantics of database transformations SO SEMANTICS IN DATABASES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Semantics in Databases CY JAN, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC ID SCHEMA INTEGRATION; MODEL AB Database transformations arise in many different settings including database integration, evolution of database systems, and implementing user views and data-entry tools. This paper surveys approaches that have been taken to problems in these settings, assessee their strengths and weaknesses, and develops requirements on a formal model for specifying and implementing database transformations. We also consider the problem of insuring the correctness of database transformations. In particular, we demonstrate that the usefulness of correctness conditions such as information preservation is hindered by the interactions of transformations and database constraints, and the limited expressive power of established database constraint languages. We conclude that more general notions of correctness are required, and that there is a need for a uniform formalism for expressing both database transformations and constraints, and reasoning about their interactions. Finally we introduce WOL, a declarative language for specifying and implementing database transformations and constraints. We briefly describe the WOL language and its semantics, and argue that it addresses many of the requirements on a formalism for dealing with general database transformations. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. RP Davidson, S (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, 200 S 33Rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-64199-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1358 BP 55 EP 91 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BM38G UT WOS:000078575000003 ER PT S AU Windl, W Lenosky, TJ Kress, JD Voter, AF AF Windl, W Lenosky, TJ Kress, JD Voter, AF BE Dunham, ST Nelson, JS TI First-principles study of point-defect production in Si and SiC SO SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESS AND DEVICE PERFORMANCE MODELLING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Process and Device Performance Modelling CY DEC 02-03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have calculated the displacement-threshold energy Ed for point-defect production in Si and SiC using empirical potentials, tight-binding, and first-principles methods. We show that-depending on the knock-on direction-64-atom simulation cells can be sufficient to allow a nearly finite-size-effect-free calculation, thus making the use of first-principles methods possible. We use molecular dynamics (MD) techniques and propose the use of a sudden approximation which agrees reasonably well with the MD results for selected directions and which allows estimates of Ed without employing an MD simulation and the use of computationally more demanding first-principles methods. We compare our results for Ed With the available experimental values. Furthermore, we have examined the temperature dependence of E-d for C in SiC and found it to be negligible. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Windl, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Windl, Wolfgang/C-7255-2012 OI Windl, Wolfgang/0000-0001-5892-0684 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-395-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 490 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL74Z UT WOS:000076552700007 ER PT S AU Bracht, H Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE AF Bracht, H Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE BE Dunham, ST Nelson, JS TI Modeling of atom diffusion and segregation in semiconductor heterostructures SO SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESS AND DEVICE PERFORMANCE MODELLING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Process and Device Performance Modelling CY DEC 02-03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We propose a new approach for modeling of impurity diffusion at semiconductor heterointerfaces. The approach is based on the notion of a common energy reference for highly localized defects. It is shown that in the kick-out process, the segregation of group II accepters is controlled by the valence band offsets among different constituent layers of the heterostructure. Extensive numerical modeling of the diffusion provides an explanation for the experimentally observed strong segregation of Zn and Be acceptors in the lattice matched InP/InGaAs, InP/InGaAsP and GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bracht, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-395-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 490 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL74Z UT WOS:000076552700014 ER PT S AU Coltrin, ME Meeks, E Grcar, JF Houf, WG Kee, RJ Creighton, JR AF Coltrin, ME Meeks, E Grcar, JF Houf, WG Kee, RJ Creighton, JR BE Dunham, ST Nelson, JS TI Chemical kinetics models for semiconductor processing SO SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESS AND DEVICE PERFORMANCE MODELLING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Process and Device Performance Modelling CY DEC 02-03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Chemical reactions in the gas-phase and on surfaces are important in the deposition and etching of materials for microelectronic applications. A general software framework for describing homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction kinetics utilizing the Chemkin suite of codes is presented. Experimental, theoretical and modeling approaches to developing chemical reaction mechanisms are discussed. A number of TCAD application modules for simulating the chemically reacting flow in deposition and etching reactors have been developed and are also described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87175 USA. RP Coltrin, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87175 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-395-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 490 BP 143 EP 154 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL74Z UT WOS:000076552700022 ER PT B AU Roberds, BE Choquette, KD Geib, KM Kravitz, SH Twesten, RD Farrens, SN AF Roberds, BE Choquette, KD Geib, KM Kravitz, SH Twesten, RD Farrens, SN BE Gosele, U Baumgart, H Abe, T Hunt, C Iyer, S TI Wafer bonding of GaAs, InP, and Si annealed without hydrogen for advanced device technologies SO SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER BONDING: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Semiconductor Wafer Bonding - Science, Technology and Applications CY 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE AB In this paper we report on the direct bonding of compound semiconductors and silicon annealed at low temperatures (400 degrees C) using hydrogen and nitrogen. Pressure and temperature relationships on interface characteristics were investigated with high resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. It was found that no morphology differences existed between hydrogen and nitrogen annealed samples. Applying our N-2 bonding process, 850nm bottom emitting vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), were bonded to a transparent AlGaAs substrate. Finally, high anneal temperatures (up to 450 degrees C) and shear stress values (>1.6MPa) were obtained for GaAs bonded to Si using a dry (plasma) activation technique. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roberds, BE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-189-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 36 BP 592 EP 597 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BK69B UT WOS:000073096200070 ER PT S AU Goldsmith, S Feddema, J Robinett, R AF Goldsmith, S Feddema, J Robinett, R BE Schenker, PS McKee, GT TI Analysis of decentralized variable structure control of collective search by mobile robots SO SENSOR FUSION AND DECENTRALIZED CONTROL IN ROBOTIC SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion amd Decentralized Control in Robotic Systems CY NOV 02-03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE collective robotics; variable structure control; complexity; complex systems; mobile robotics AB This paper presents an analysis of a decentralized coordination strategy for organizing and controlling a team of mobile robots performing collective search. The alpha-beta coordination strategy is a family of collective search algorithms that allow teams of communicating robots to implicitly coordinate their search activities through a division of labor based on self-selected roles. In an alpha-beta team, alpha agents are motivated to improve their status by exploring new regions of the search space. Beta agents are conservative, and rely on the alpha agents to provide advanced information on favorable regions of the search space. An agent selects its current role dynamically based on its current status value relative to the current status values of the other team members. Status is determined by some function of the agent's sensor readings, and is generally a measurement of source intensity at the agent's current location. Variations on the decision rules determining alpha and beta behavior produce different versions of the algorithm that lead to different global properties. The alpha-beta strategy is based on a simple finite-state machine that implements a form of Variable Structure Control (VSC). The VSC system changes the dynamics of the collective system by abruptly switching at defined states to alternative control laws. In VSC, Lyapunov's direct method is often used to design control surfaces which guide the system to a given goal. We introduce the alpha-beta algorithm and present an analysis of the equilibrium point and the global stability of the alpha-beta algorithm based on Lyapunov's method. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Goldsmith, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2984-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3523 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.327013 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BL92J UT WOS:000077158300005 ER PT S AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV BE Dasarathy, BV TI To fuse or not to fuse: Fuser versus best classifier SO SENSOR FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications II CY APR 16-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE classification; finite sample analysis; distributed detection; fusion of classifiers AB A sample from a class defined on a finite-dimensional Euclidean space and distributed according to an unknown distribution is given. We are given a set of classifiers each of which chooses a hypothesis with least misclassification error from a family of hypotheses. We address the question of choosing the classifier with the best performance guarantee versus combining the classifiers using a fuser. We first describe a fusion method based on isolation property such that the performance guarantee of the fused system is at least as good as the best of the classifiers. For a more restricted case of deterministic classes, we present a method based on error set estimation such that the performance guarantee of fusing all classifiers is at least as good as that of fusing any subset of classifiers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2825-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3376 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.303685 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BL17E UT WOS:000074540200003 ER PT J AU Ning, L Camassa, R Ecke, RE Venneri, F AF Ning, L Camassa, R Ecke, RE Venneri, F TI Solutal separation under centrifugation SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We report on experiments and numerical simulations of the centrifugal separation of solutes in aqueous solutions. The experiments are measurements of solutal concentrations in binary and ternary aqueous mixtures of seven different salts subject to centrifugal accelerations of between 57,000g and 200,000g. The evolution of the concentration profiles are measured and the sedimentation coefficients are determined. We compare our experimentally determined coefficients with those predicted by the Svedberg relation. Our numerical simulations of the diffusion and sedimentation dynamics of centrifugation agree well with the experiments and constitute a basis for a nonequilibrium centrifugal separation scheme. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div MST10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ecke, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div MST10, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Ecke, Robert/0000-0001-7772-5876 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 551 EP 567 DI 10.1080/01496399808544996 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA ZB570 UT WOS:000072485800007 ER PT B AU Nasby, RD Murray, JR Habermehl, SD Bennett, RS Tafoya-Porras, BC Mahl, PR Rodriguez, JL Jones, RV Knoll, MG AF Nasby, RD Murray, JR Habermehl, SD Bennett, RS Tafoya-Porras, BC Mahl, PR Rodriguez, JL Jones, RV Knoll, MG GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI 2K nonvolatile shadow RAM and 256K EEPROM SONOS nonvolatile memory development SO SEVENTH BIENNIAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL NONVOLATILE MEMORY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial IEEE Nonvolatile Memory Technology Conference CY JUN 21-24, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, IEEE Comp Soc AB This paper describes SONGS nonvolatile memory development at Sandia National Laboratories. A 256K EEPROM nonvolatile memory and a 2K nonvolatile shadow RAM are under development using an n-channel SONGS memory technology. The technology has 1.2 mu m minimum features in a twin well design using shallow trench isolation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nasby, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4518-5 PY 1998 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1109/NVMT.1998.723208 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BL75K UT WOS:000076575100004 ER PT B AU Fleetwood, DM Warren, WL Vanheusden, K Devine, RAB Shaneyfelt, MR Draper, BL Schwank, JR Meisenheimer, TL Winokur, PS Knoll, MG AF Fleetwood, DM Warren, WL Vanheusden, K Devine, RAB Shaneyfelt, MR Draper, BL Schwank, JR Meisenheimer, TL Winokur, PS Knoll, MG GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Nonvolatile memory based on mobile protons SO SEVENTH BIENNIAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL NONVOLATILE MEMORY TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial IEEE Nonvolatile Memory Technology Conference CY JUN 21-24, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, IEEE Comp Soc AB We have found that mobile protons can be introduced into the gate or buried oxide layer(s) of Si/SiO2/Si structures with high O vacancy densities via annealing treatments in a hydrogen-containing ambient (e.g., forming gas). These mobile protons are confined within the oxide layer, and their space-charge distribution is easily controlled by an applied gate bias. The resulting proton motion modulates the conductivity of the Si conduction layer, an effect that can be exploited to form nonvolatile memory elements; the size of the memory window is proportional to the hysteresis due to the proton motion. Speed, retention, endurance, and radiation tolerance data on test structures suggest that this effect can potentially be exploited to develop a low-power, radiation tolerant nonvolatile memory technology. The present status of the protonic memory development activity is discussed, and issues for technology insertion are highlighted. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleetwood, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4518-5 PY 1998 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1109/NVMT.1998.723227 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BL75K UT WOS:000076575100020 ER PT B AU Foster, I Kesselman, C AF Foster, I Kesselman, C BE Antonio, JK TI The globus project: A status report SO SEVENTH HETEROGENEOUS COMPUTING WORKSHOP (HCW '98) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Heterogeneous Computing Workshop (HCW 98) CY MAR 30, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, USN, Off Naval Res AB The Globus project is a multi-institutional research effort that seeks to enable the construction of computational grids providing pervasive, dependable, and consistent access to high-performance computational resources, despite geographical distribution of both resources and users. Computational grid technology is being viewed as a critical element of future high-performance computing environments that will enable entirely new classes of computation-oriented applications, much as the World Wide Web fostered the development of new classes of information-oriented applications. In this paper, we report on the status of the Globus project as of early 1998. We describe the progress that has been achieved to date in the development of the Globus toolkit, a set of core services for constructing grid tools and applications. We also discuss the Globus Ubiquitous Supercomputing Testbed (GUSTO) that we have constructed to enable large-scale evaluation of Globus technologies, and we review early experiences with the development of large-scale grid applications on the GUSTO testbed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 167 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8365-1 PY 1998 BP 4 EP 18 DI 10.1109/HCW.1998.666541 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK73C UT WOS:000073243000001 ER PT B AU Johnston, W Mudumbai, S Thompson, M AF Johnston, W Mudumbai, S Thompson, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Authorization and attribute certificates for widely distributed access control SO SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOPS ON ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES: INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COLLABORATIVE ENTERPRISES (WET ICE '98) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies - Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE 98) CY JUN 17-19, 1998 CL STANFORD, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Concurrent Engn Res Ctr, WV Univ, Natl Security Agcy AB We describe a system whose purpose is to explore the use of certificates for the distributed management of access rights for resources that have multiple, independent, and geographically dispersed stakeholders. The stakeholders assert their use-conditions in authorization certificates and designate those trusted to attest to the corresponding attributes. These use-conditions implicitly define access groups through their requirement for certain attributes. All use-conditions must be satisfied simultaneously, so the actual access group is the intersection of all of the groups. A policy engine collects the use-condition certificates and attribute certificates when a user attempts to access a particular resource, if all of the use-conditions are met, a capability is generated for the resource. The policy engine can provide several different policy models depending on whether any relationship is established among the use-conditions. The system architecture and implementation is described, together with some of the identified strengths, weaknesses, and vulnerabilities. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnston, W (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8751-7 PY 1998 BP 340 EP 345 DI 10.1109/ENABL.1998.725715 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BL75P UT WOS:000076610700053 ER PT B AU Forslund, DW George, JE Gavrilov, EM AF Forslund, DW George, JE Gavrilov, EM GP IEEE, COMP SOC TI TeleMed: Wide-area, secure, collaborative object computing with Java and CORBA for healthcare SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY JUL 28-31, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Syracuse Lab, High Performance Distributed Comp Lab, IEEE, Comp Soc AB Distributed computing is becoming commonplace in a variety of industries with healthcare being a particularly important one for society. We describe the development and deployment of TeleMed in a few healthcare domains. TeleMed is a 100% Java distributed application build on CORBA and OMG standards enabling the collaboration on the treatment of chronically ill patients in a secure manner over the Internet. These standards enable other systems to work interoperably with TeleMed[l] and provide transparent access to high performance distributed computing to the healthcare domain. The goal of wide scale integration of electronic medical records is a grand-challenge scale problem of global proportions with far-reaching social benefits. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Forslund, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Forslund, David/0000-0002-6534-3392 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8579-4 PY 1998 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1109/HPDC.1998.709949 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL49X UT WOS:000075702400004 ER PT B AU Nieplocha, J Foster, I Dachsel, H AF Nieplocha, J Foster, I Dachsel, H GP IEEE, COMP SOC TI Distant I/O: One-sided access to secondary storage on remote processors SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY JUL 28-31, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Syracuse Lab, High Performance Distributed Comp Lab, IEEE, Comp Soc AB We propose a new parallel, noncollective I/O strategy called Distant I/O that targets clustered computer systems in which disks are attached to compute nodes. Distant I/O allows one-sided access to remote secondary storage without installing server processes or daemons on remote compute nodes. We implemented this model using Active Messages and demonstrated its performance advantages over the PIOFS parallel filesystem for an I/O-intensive parallel application on the IBM SP. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nieplocha, J (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8579-4 PY 1998 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1109/HPDC.1998.709967 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL49X UT WOS:000075702400018 ER PT B AU Beckman, PH Fasel, PK Humphrey, WF Mniszewski, SM AF Beckman, PH Fasel, PK Humphrey, WF Mniszewski, SM GP IEEE, COMP SOC TI Efficient coupling of parallel applications using PAWS SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY JUL 28-31, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Syracuse Lab, High Performance Distributed Comp Lab, IEEE, Comp Soc AB PAWS (Parallel Application WorkSpace) is a software infrastructure for use in connecting separate parallel applications within a component-like model. A central PAWS Controller coordinates the linking of serial or parallel applications across a network to allow them to share parallel data structures such as multidimensional arrays. Applications use the PAWS API to indicate which data structures are to be shared and at what points the data is ready to be sent or received. PAWS implements a general parallel data descriptor and automatically carries out parallel layout remapping when necessary: Connections can be dynamically established and dropped and can use multiple data transfer pathways between applications PAWS uses the NEXUS communication library and is independent of the application's parallel communication mechanism. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Beckman, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8579-4 PY 1998 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1109/HPDC.1998.709975 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL49X UT WOS:000075702400026 ER PT B AU Tierney, B Johnston, W Crowley, B Hoo, G Brooks, C Gunter, D AF Tierney, B Johnston, W Crowley, B Hoo, G Brooks, C Gunter, D GP IEEE, COMP SOC TI The NetLogger methodology for high performance distributed systems performance analysis SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY JUL 28-31, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Syracuse Lab, High Performance Distributed Comp Lab, IEEE, Comp Soc AB We describe a methodology that enables the real-time diagnosis of performance problems in complex high-performance distributed systems. The methodology includes tools for generating precision event logs that can be used to provide detailed end-to-end application and system level monitoring; a Java agent-based system for managing the large amount of lagging data; and tools for visualizing the log data and real-time state of the distributed system. We developed these tools for analyzing a high-performance distributed system centered around the transfer of large amounts of data at high speeds from a distributed storage sewer to a remote visualization client. However this methodology should be generally applicable to any distributed system. This methodology called NetLogger has proven invaluable for diagnosing problems in networks and in distributed systems code. This approach is novel in that it combines network, host, and application-level monitoring, providing a complete view of the entire system. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Comp Sci Directorate, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tierney, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Comp Sci Directorate, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8579-4 PY 1998 BP 260 EP 267 DI 10.1109/HPDC.1998.709980 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL49X UT WOS:000075702400031 ER PT B AU Johnston, WE AF Johnston, WE GP IEEE, COMP SOC TI High-speed, wide area, data intensive computing: A ten year retrospective SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY JUL 28-31, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Syracuse Lab, High Performance Distributed Comp Lab, IEEE, Comp Soc AB Modem scientific computing involves organizing, moving, visualizing, and analyzing massive amounts of data from around the world, as well as employing large-scale computation. The distributed systems that solve large-scale problems will always involve aggregating and scheduling many resources. Data must be located and staged, cache and network capacity must be available at the same time as computing capacity, etc. Ever), aspect of such a system is dynamic: locating and scheduling resources, adapting running application systems to availability and congestion in the middleware and infrastructure, responding to human interaction, etc. The technologies, the middleware services, and the architectures that are used to build useful high-speed, wide area distributed systems, constitute the field of data intensive computing. This paper explores some of the history and future directions of that field. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnston, WE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8579-4 PY 1998 BP 280 EP 291 DI 10.1109/HPDC.1998.709982 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL49X UT WOS:000075702400033 ER PT B AU Dongarra, J Fagg, G Geist, A Kohl, JA Papadopoulos, PM Scott, SL Sunderam, V Magliardi, M AF Dongarra, J Fagg, G Geist, A Kohl, JA Papadopoulos, PM Scott, SL Sunderam, V Magliardi, M GP IEEE, COMP SOC TI HARNESS: Heterogeneous adaptable reconfigurable networked systems SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY JUL 28-31, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Syracuse Lab, High Performance Distributed Comp Lab, IEEE, Comp Soc AB This poster presentation describes our vision, goals and plans for HARNESS, a distributed reconfigurable and heterogeneous computing environment that supports dynamically adaptable parallel applications. HARNESS builds on the core concept of the personal virtual machine as an abstraction for distributed parallel programming but fundamentally extends this idea, greatly enhancing dynamic capabilities. HARNESS is being designed to embrace dynamics at every level through a pluggable model that allows multiple distributed virtual machines (DVMs) to merge, split and interact with each other It provides mechanisms for new and legacy applications to collaborate with each other using the HARNESS infrastructure, and defines and implements new plug-in interfaces and modules so that applications can dynamically customize their virtual environment. HARNESS fits well within the larger picture of computational grids as a dynamic mechanism to hide the heterogeneity and complexity of the nationally distributed infrastructure. HARNESS DVMs allow programmers and users to construct personal subsets of an existing computational grid and treat them as unified network computers, providing a familiar and comfortable environment that provides easy-to-understand scoping. Similarly, a particular site could use HARNESS to construct a virtual machine that is presented and utilized as a single resource for scheduling within the grid. Our research focuses on understanding and developing three key capabilities within the framework of a heterogeneous computing environment: I) Techniques and methods for creating an environment where multiple distributed virtual machines can collaborate, merge or split; 2) Specification and design of plug-in interfaces to allow dynamic extensions to services and functionality within a distributed virtual machine; and 3) Methodologies for distinct parallel applications to discover each other; dynamically attach, collaborate, and cleanly detach. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Papadopoulos, PM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 423 241-3972,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8579-4 PY 1998 BP 358 EP 359 DI 10.1109/HPDC.1998.710029 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL49X UT WOS:000075702400048 ER PT B AU Gentile, AC Evensky, DA Armstrong, RC AF Gentile, AC Evensky, DA Armstrong, RC GP IEEE, COMP SOC TI Lilith: A software framework for the rapid development of scalable tools for distributed computing SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY JUL 28-31, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Syracuse Lab, High Performance Distributed Comp Lab, IEEE, Comp Soc AB Lilith is a general purpose tool that provides a highly scalable, easy distribution of user code across a heterogeneous computing platform. By handling the details of code distribution and communication, such a framework allows for the rapid development of tools for the use and management of large distributed systems. This speed-lip in development not only enables the easy creation of tools as needed but also facilitates the ultimate development of more refined, hard-coded tools as well. Lilith is written in Java, providing platform independence and further facilitating rapid tool development through Object reuse and ease of development. We present the user-involved objects in the Lilith Distributed Object System and the Lilith User API. We present an example of tool development, illustrating the user calls, and present results demonstrating Lilith's scalablility. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gentile, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8579-4 PY 1998 BP 360 EP 361 DI 10.1109/HPDC.1998.710030 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL49X UT WOS:000075702400049 ER PT J AU Zhu, S Cai, Y Rote, DM Chen, SS AF Zhu, S Cai, Y Rote, DM Chen, SS TI Magnetic damping for Maglev SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB Magnetic damping is one of the important parameters that control the response and stability of maglev systems. An experimental study to measure magnetic damping directly is presented. A plate attached to a permanent magnet levitated on a rotating drum was tested to investigate the effect of various parameters, such as conductivity, gap, excitation frequency, and oscillation amplitude, on magnetic damping. The experimental technique is capable of measuring all of the magnetic damping coefficients, some of which cannot be measured indirectly. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rote, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 1998 VL 5 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 121QT UT WOS:000076025400005 ER PT S AU Campbell, EM Cauble, R Remington, BA AF Campbell, EM Cauble, R Remington, BA BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI High energy-density science on the national ignition facility SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The National Ignition Facility, as well as its French counterpart, Le Laser Megajoule, have been designed to confront one of the most difficult and compelling problem in shock physics - the creation of a hot, compressed DT plasma surrounded and confined by cold, nearly degenerate DT fuel. At the same time, these laser facilities will present the shock physics community with unique tools for the study of high energy density matter at states unreachable by any other laboratory technique. Here we describe how these lasers can contribute to investigations of high energy density matter in the areas of material properties and equations of state, extend present laboratory shock techniques such as highspeed jets to new regimes, and allow study of extreme conditions found in astrophysical phenomena. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Campbell, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700001 ER PT S AU Nellis, WJ Mitchell, AC AF Nellis, WJ Mitchell, AC BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Molecular and planetary fluids at high shock pressures SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Shock-compression experiments on liquids using a two-stage gun are described. Results for H-2, He, H2O, N-2, CO2, and a mixture of H2O, NH3, and C3H8O (synthetic Uranus) are discussed and related to explosive reaction products, giant planets, laser-driven fusion, and metallic hydrogen. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700002 ER PT S AU Johnson, JD AF Johnson, JD BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI The features of the principal Hugoniot SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The principal Hugoniot jump relations can be cast in a differential form that relates the Gruneisen constant, isentropic bulk, modulus, pressure, particle velocity, and shock velocity to each other through an algebraic equation. From this relation I show the general features of the Hugoniot including a low pressure and a high pressure linear region with a connecting break in slope, limiting forms, and insensitivity to atomic shell structure. The value of the slope for high pressures is explained. The excellent agreement with data is presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700004 ER PT S AU Young, DA Barbee, TW Rogers, FJ AF Young, DA Barbee, TW Rogers, FJ BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI New equation of state models for hydrodynamic applications SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Two new theoretical methods for computing the equation of state of hot, dense matter are discussed. The ab initio phonon theory gives a first-principles calculation of lattice frequencies, which can be used to compare theory and experiment for isothermal and shock compression of solids. The ACTEX dense plasma theory has been improved to allow it to be compared directly with ultrahigh pressure shock data on low-Z materials. The comparisons with experiment are good, suggesting that these models will be useful in generating global EOS tables for hydrodynamic simulations. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Young, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700006 ER PT S AU Corey, EM Young, DA AF Corey, EM Young, DA BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI A new prototype Equation of State data library SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Equation of State (EOS) data is a necessary requirement for the simulation of many dynamic processes, including shock wave propagation, high velocity impact, laser-matter interaction, laser medicine, x-ray deposition and planetary and stellar interior evolution. Realistic simulations require high accuracy and smoothness in the EOS. In addition, some processes require independent ionic, electronic and radiation physics. In order to meet these needs, we have implemented a new EOS data library that is platform independent, hierarchically structured and easily extensible for future development. We have just begun our user testing phase and are considering future improvements. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Corey, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700008 ER PT S AU Collins, GW Da Silva, LB Celliers, P Budil, KS Cauble, R Gold, D Foord, M Stewart, R Holmes, NC Ross, M Hammel, BA Kilkenny, JD Wallace, RJ Ng, A AF Collins, GW Da Silva, LB Celliers, P Budil, KS Cauble, R Gold, D Foord, M Stewart, R Holmes, NC Ross, M Hammel, BA Kilkenny, JD Wallace, RJ Ng, A BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Equation of state measurements of D-2 on nova SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Collins, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700011 ER PT S AU Holmes, NC Nellis, WJ Ross, M AF Holmes, NC Nellis, WJ Ross, M BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Sound velocities in shocked liquid deuterium SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Recent measurements of shock temperatures and laser-driven Hugoniot measurements of shocked liquid deuterium strongly indicate that molecular dissociation is important above 20 GPa. Since the effect of dissociation is small on the Hugoniot pressure up to the 30 GPa limit of conventional impact experiments, other methods must be used to test our understanding of the physics of highly compressed deuterium in this regime. We have recently performed experiments to measure the sound velocity of deuterium which test the isentropic compressibility, a derivative quantity. We used the shock overtake method to measure the shock velocity at 28 GPa. These preliminary data provide support for a recently developed molecular dissociation model. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Holmes, NC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700012 ER PT S AU Shaw, MS AF Shaw, MS BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI An equation of state for detonation products incorporating small carbon clusters SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A. theoretical equation of state for detonation products is presented that incorporates the small cluster behavior of the carbon. For small diamond clusters of the size found in recovery experiments, the fraction of carbon atoms on the surface can be as much as 25%. The composition and properties of the clusters are modeled with the dangling bonds capped by various radicals composed of C, H, N, and O from the background molecular fluid mixture. A perturbation theory approach is used for the mixture of molecular fluids that also includes features based on Monte Carlo simulations. For example, the effect of cross potentials on nonideal mixing in chemical equilibrium simulations, is shown to be well approximated by an entropy shift and ideal mixing. Comparison is made of the EOS with individual species Hugoniot data and with detonation velocity data for a variety of explosives. In addition, recent data for PBX-9501 is utilized which characterizes sound speed, overdriven Hugoniot, adiabatic gamma, Gruneisen gamma, and a precise thermodynamic CJ state(1). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T14 MS B214, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shaw, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T14 MS B214, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 69 EP 72 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700014 ER PT S AU Zaug, JM AF Zaug, JM BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Sound speed and thermal property measurements of inert materials: Laser spectroscopy and the diamond-anvil cell SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB An indispensable companion to dynamical physics experimentation, static high-pressure diamond-anvil cell (DAC) research continues to evolve, with laser diagnostics, as an accurate and versatile experimental technique. Together, static and dynamic high-pressure and temperature physics and geophysical studies of deep planetary properties have bootstrapped each other in a process that has produced even higher pressures; consistently improved calibrations of temperature and pressures under static and dynamic conditions; and unprecedented data and understanding of materials, their elasticity, equations of state (EOS), and transport properties under extreme conditions. A collection of recent pressure and/or temperature dependent acoustic and thermal measurements and deduced mechanical properties and EOS data will be summarized for a wide range of materials including H-2, H2O, H2S, D2S, CO2, CH4, N2O, CH3OH, SiO2, synthetic lubricants, PMMA, single crystal silicates and ceramic superconductors. Room P & T sound speed measurements will be presented for the first time on single crystals of beta-HMX. New high-pressure and temperature diamond cell designs and pressure calibrant materials will be reviewed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zaug, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-282,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700015 ER PT S AU Hall, CA Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD AF Hall, CA Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shock Hugoniot and release states in concrete mixtures with different aggregate sizes from 3 to 23 gpa SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A series of controlled impact experiments has been performed to determine the shock loading and release behavior of two types of concrete, differentiated by aggregate size, but with average densities varying by less than 2 percent. Hugoniot stress and subsequent release data was collected over a range of approximately 3 to 25 GPa using a plate reverberation technique in combination with velocity interferometry. The results of the current data are compared to those obtained in previous studies on concrete with a different aggregate size but similar density. Results indicate that the average loading and release behavior are comparable for the three tl;pes of concrete discussed in this paper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hall, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700026 ER PT S AU Boettger, JC Wallace, DC AF Boettger, JC Wallace, DC BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI A model for the shock-induced phase transition in iron SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB It has long been known that the shock-induced alpha to epsilon phase transition in iron exhibits significant metastability in the two-phase region above 13 GPa. We have developed a simple, physically-motivated model that accurately describes the metastable phase transition surface for shock-loaded iron during numerical simulations. It is demonstrated here that the metastability of Fe can have a substantial impact on numerical simulations of time-resolved experiments. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boettger, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700028 ER PT S AU Holian, BL AF Holian, BL BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shockwave-induced plasticity via large-scale nonequilibrium molecular dynamics SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of shock waves in single crystals have shown that, above a threshold strength, strongly shocked crystals deform in a very simple way. Rather than experiencing massive deformation, a simple slippage occurs at the shock front, relieving the peak shear stress, and leaving behind a stacking fault. Later calculations quantified the apparent threshold strength, namely the yield strength of the perfect crystal. Subsequently, pulsed x-ray experiments on shocked single crystals showed relative shifts in diffraction peaks, confirming our MD observations of stacking faults produced by shockwave passage. With the advent of massively parallel computers, we have been able to simulate shock waves in 10-million atom crystals with cross-sectional dimensions of 100x100 fee unit cells (compared to earlier 6x6 systems). We have seen that the increased cross-section allows the system to slip along all of the available {111} slip planes, in different places along the now non-planar shock front. These simulations conclusively eliminate the worry that the kind of slippage we have observed is somehow an artifact of transverse periodic boundary conditions. Thus, future simulations are much more likely to show that weak-shock plasticity is nucleated by pre-existing extended defects embedded in the sample. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holian, BL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 173 EP 177 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700038 ER PT S AU Henninger, RJ Maudlin, PJ Rightley, ML AF Henninger, RJ Maudlin, PJ Rightley, ML BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Accuracy of differential sensitivity for one-dimensional shock problems SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The technique called Differential Sensitivity has been applied to the system of Eulerian continuum mechanics equations solved by a hydrocode. Differential Sensitivity uses forward and adjoint techniques to obtain output response sensitivity to input parameters. Previous papers have described application of the technique to two-dimensional, multi-component problems. Inaccuracies in the adjoint solutions have prompted us to examine our numerical techniques in more detail. Here we examine one-dimensional, one material shock problems. Solution accuracy is assessed by comparison to sensitivities obtained by automatic differentiation and a code-based adjoint differentiation technique. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henninger, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700041 ER PT S AU Hammerberg, JE Pepin, J AF Hammerberg, JE Pepin, J BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI An analytic solution to a driven interface problem SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The frictional properties of sliding metal interfaces at high velocities are not well known either from an experimental or theoretical point of view. The constitutive properties and macroscopic laws of frictional dynamics at high velocities necessary for materials continuum codes have only a qualitative validity and it is of interest to have analytic problems for sliding interfaces to enable separation of model from numerical effects. We present an exact solution for the space and time dependence of the plastic strain near a sliding interface in a planar semi- infinite geometry. This solution is based on a particular form for the strain rate dependence of the flow stress and results in a hyperbolic telegrapher equation for the plastic strain. The form of the solutions and wave structure are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hammerberg, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 191 EP 194 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700042 ER PT S AU Belak, J AF Belak, J BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Molecular dynamics simulation of high strain-rate void nucleation and growth in copper SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Isotropic tension is simulated in nanoscale polycrystalline copper with 10nm grain size using molecular dynamics. The nanocrystalline copper is fabricated on the computer by growing randomly oriented grains from seed sites in the simulation cell. Volume strain rates of 10(8) - 10(10) are considered for systems ranging from 10(5) - 10(6) atoms using an EAM potential for copper. The spacing between voids for room temperature single crystal simulations is found to scale approximately as l similar to 0.005 C-s/gamma, where C-s is the sound speed and gamma is the strain rate. Below strain rates of about 10(9), only one void is observed to nucleate and in the polycrystalline simulation cell. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Belak, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700047 ER PT S AU Tonks, DL Hixson, R Gustavsen, RL Vorthman, JE Kelly, A Zurek, AK Thissell, WR AF Tonks, DL Hixson, R Gustavsen, RL Vorthman, JE Kelly, A Zurek, AK Thissell, WR BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Spallation studies on shock loaded uranium Los Alamos report laur-97-3169 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Several spallation experiments have been performed on uranium using gas gun driven normal plate impacts with VISAR instrumentation and soft recovery. The shock pressures achieved were 81, 53, and 37 kbar. This paper will focus on modeling the free surface particle velocity trace U with of 300 ppm carbon using the 1 d characteristics code CHARADE. The spallation model involves the growth and coalescence of brittle cracks. Metallographical examination of recovered samples and details of the experimental apparatus are discussed in separate papers. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Tonks, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 239 EP 242 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700054 ER PT S AU Sewell, TD AF Sewell, TD BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Monte Carlo calculations of the physical properties of RDX, beta-HMX, and TATB SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Atomistic Monte Carlo simulations in the NpT ensemble are used to calculate the physical properties of crystalline RDX, beta-HMX, and TATE. Among the issues being considered are the effects of various treatments of the intermolecular potential, inclusion of intramolecular flexibility, and simulation size dependence of the results. Calculations of the density, lattice energy, and lattice parameters are made over a wide domain of pressures; thereby allowing for predictions of the bulk and linear coefficients of isothermal expansion of the crystals. Comparison with experiment is made where possible. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sewell, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 269 EP 272 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700061 ER PT S AU Haberman, KS Bennett, JG Asay, BW Henson, BF Funk, DJ AF Haberman, KS Bennett, JG Asay, BW Henson, BF Funk, DJ BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Modeling, simulation and experimental verification of constitutive models for energetic materials SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Simulation of the complete response of components and systems composed of energetic materials, such as PBX-9501 (1) is important in the determination of the safety of various explosive systems. For example, predicting the correct state of stress, rate of deformation and temperature during penetration is essential in the prediction of ignition. Such simulation requires accurate constitutive models. These models must also be computationally efficient to enable analysis of large scale three dimensional problems using explicit lagrangian finite element codes such as DYNA3D (2). However, to be of maximum utility, these predictions must be validated against robust dynamic experiments. In this paper, we report comparisons between experimental and predicted displacement fields in PBX-9501 during dynamic deformation, and describe the modeling approach. The predictions used Visco-SCRAM and the Generalized Method of Cells which have been implemented into DYNA3D. The experimental data were obtained using laser-induced fluorescense speckle photography. Results from this study have lead to more accurate models and have also guided further experimental work. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, EA, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Haberman, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, EA, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700062 ER PT S AU Browning, RV Scammon, RJ AF Browning, RV Scammon, RJ BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Mechanical strength model for plastic bonded granular materials at high strain rates and large strains SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Modeling impact events on systems containing plastic bonded explosive materials requires accurate models for stress evolution at high strain rates out to large strains. For example, in the Steven test geometry reactions occur after strains of 0.5 or more are reached for PBX-9501. The morphology of this class of materials and properties of the constituents are briefly described. We then review the viscoelastic behavior observed at small strains for this class of material, and evaluate large strain models used for granular materials such as cap models. Dilatation under shearing deformations of the PBX is experimentally observed and is one of the key features modeled in cap style plasticity theories, together with bulk plastic flow at high pressures. We propose a model that combines viscoelastic behavior at small strains but adds intergranular stresses at larger strains. A procedure using numerical simulations and comparisons with results from flyer plate tests and low rate uniaxial stress tests is used to develop a rough set of constants for PBX-9501. Comparisons with the high rate flyer plate tests demonstrate that the observed characteristic behavior is captured by this viscoelastic based model. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Browning, RV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700063 ER PT S AU Bardenhagen, SG Harstad, EN Maudlin, PJ Gray, GT Foster, JC AF Bardenhagen, SG Harstad, EN Maudlin, PJ Gray, GT Foster, JC BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Viscoelastic models for explosive binder materials SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB An improved model of the mechanical properties of the explosive contained in conventional munitions is needed to accurately simulate performance and accident scenarios in weapons storage facilities. A specific class of explosives can be idealized as a mixture of two components: energetic crystals randomly suspended in a polymeric matrix (binder). Strength characteristics of each component material are important in the macroscopic behavior of the composite (explosive). Of interest here is the determination of an appropriate constitutive law for a polyurethane binder material. This paper is a continuation of previous work in modeling polyurethane at moderately high strain rates and for large deformations. Simulation of a large deformation (strains in excess of 100%) Taylor Anvil experiment revealed numerical difficulties which have been addressed. Additional experimental data have been obtained including improved resolution Taylor Anvil data, and stress relaxation data at various strain rates. A thorough evaluation of the candidate viscoelastic constitutive model is made and possible improvements discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bardenhagen, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700064 ER PT S AU Dey, TN Johnson, JN AF Dey, TN Johnson, JN BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shear band formation in plastic bonded explosive (PBX) SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Adiabatic shear bands can be a source of ignition and lead to detonation. At low to moderate deformation rates, 10-1000 s(-1), two other mechanisms can also give rise to shear bands. These mechanisms are: 1) softening caused by micro-cracking and 2) a constitutive response with a non-associated flow rule as is observed in granular material such as soil. Brittle behavior at small strains and the granular nature of HMX suggest that PBX-9501 constitutive behavior may be similar to sand. A constitutive model for the first of these mechanisms is studied in a series of calculations. This viscoelastic constitutive model for PBX-9501 softens via a statistical crack model. A sand model is used to provide a non-associated flow rule and detailed results will be reported elsewhere. Both models generate shear band formation at 1-2% strain at nominal strain rates at and below 1000 s(-1). Shear band formation is suppressed at higher strain rates. Both mechanisms may accelerate the formation of adiabatic shear bands. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dey, TN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700065 ER PT S AU Gonthier, KA Menikoff, R Son, SF Asay, BW AF Gonthier, KA Menikoff, R Son, SF Asay, BW BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Modeling energy dissipation induced by quasi-static compaction of granular HMX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A simple extension of a conventional two-phase continuum model of Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition (DDT) in energetic granular material is given to account for energy dissipation induced by quasi-static compaction. To this end, the conventional model equations are supplemented by a relaxation equation that accounts for irreversible changes in solid volume fraction due to intergranular friction, plastic deformation of granules, and granule fracture. The proposed model, which is consistent with the Second Law of Thermodynamics for a two-phase mixture, is demonstrated by applying it to the quasi-static compaction of granular HMX. The model predicts results commensurate with experimental data including stress relaxation and substantial dissipation; such phenomena have not been previously accounted for by two-phase DDT models. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gonthier, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700066 ER PT S AU Tarver, CM AF Tarver, CM BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Chemical reaction and equilibration mechanisms in detonation waves SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Experimental and theoretical evidence for the nonequilibrium Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doring (NEZND) theory of self-sustaining detonation is presented. High density, high temperature transition state theory is used to calculate unimolecular reaction rate constants for the initial decomposition of gaseous norbornene, liquid nitromethane, and solid, single crystal pentaerythritol tetranitrate as functions of shock temperature. The calculated rate constants are compared to those derived from experimental induction time measurements at various shock and detonation states. Uncertainties in the calculated shock and von Neumann spike temperatures are the main drawbacks to calculating these reaction rates. Nanosecond measurements of the shock temperatures of unreacted explosives are necessary to reduce these uncertainties. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tarver, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 301 EP 304 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700069 ER PT S AU Souers, PC Garza, R AF Souers, PC Garza, R BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Size effect and detonation front curvature SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Explosive sonic reaction zone lengths are obtained from two sources: the size effect and detonation front curvature, where the edge lag is close to being a direct measure. The curvature comes from a constant energy source plus extra energy released near the walls. The presence of defects can eliminate the central flow of transverse energy to the walls and create a turbulent central section in small reaction zone explosives. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Souers, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 325 EP 328 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700075 ER PT S AU Nichols, AL AF Nichols, AL BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Nonequilibrium detonation of composite explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The effect of nonequilibrium diffusional flow on detonation velocities in composite explosives is examined. Detonation conditions are derived for complete equilibrium, temperature and pressure equilibrium, and two forms of pressure equilibrium. Partial equilibria are associated with systems which have not had sufficient time for transport to smooth out the gradients between spatially separate regions. The nonequilibrium detonation conditions are implemented in the CHEQ equation of state code. We show that the detonation velocity decreases as the non-chemical degrees of freedom of the explosive are allowed to equilibrate. It is only when the chemical degrees of freedom are allowed to equilibrate that the detonation velocity increases. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nichols, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-282,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 345 EP 348 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700080 ER PT S AU Howard, WM Souers, PC Fried, LE AF Howard, WM Souers, PC Fried, LE BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Kinetic calculations of explosives with slow-burning constituents SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The equilibrium thermochemical code CHEETAH V1.40 has been modified to detonate part of the explosive and binder. An Einstein thermal description of the unreacted constituents is used, and the Einstein temperature may be increased to reduce heat absorption. We study the effect of the reactivity and thermal transport on the detonation velocity. Hydroxy-terminated-polybutadiene binders have low energy and density and would degrade the detonation velocity if they burned. Runs with unburned binder are closer to the measured values. Aluminum and ammonium perchlorate are also largely unburned within the sonic reaction zone that determines the detonation velocity. All three materials appear not to fully absorb heat as well. The normal assumption of total reaction in a thermochemical code is clearly not true for these special cases, where the detonation velocities have widely different values for different combinations of processes. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Howard, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 349 EP 352 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700081 ER PT S AU Tang, PK Hixson, RS Fritz, JN AF Tang, PK Hixson, RS Fritz, JN BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Modeling PBX 9501 overdriven release experiments SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We show the failure of the standard Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state (EOS) in modeling the overdriven release experiments of PBX 9501. The deficiency can be tracked back to inability of the same EOS in matching the shock pressure and the sound speed on the Hugoniot in the hydrodynamic regime above the Chapman-Jouguet pressure. After adding correction terms to the principal isentrope of the standard JWL EOS, we are able to remedy this shortcoming and the simulation is successful. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tang, PK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 365 EP 368 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700085 ER PT S AU Fritz, JN Kennedy, JE AF Fritz, JN Kennedy, JE BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Air cushion effect in the short-pulse initiation of explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB When thin flyer plates are used to shock initiate high explosive (HE), any air present ahead of the flyer may cause a significant desensitization of the HE. The effect of the air in cushioning the impact of plastic flyers faced with metal films is analyzed here with MACRAME, a code which calculates wave interactions and traces wave propagation. We find that the second air shock into the HE has sufficient pressure to collapse the HE to crystal density or higher. Precompressed regions of HE do not react rapidly when the main impact pulse does arrive. Define y* as the depth where the major shock overtakes the precompression wave (for no air y* --> 0). For various flyers and air combinations, we compare pressure profiles at y = y* + epsilon. The shock pressure profile associated with metal film impact may be greatly attenuated at the depth y*. Density profiles (rho(t) at y) show that the shock heating for y > y* is greater than that for y < y*. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fritz, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 393 EP 396 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700092 ER PT S AU Blumenthal, WR Abeln, SP Cannon, DD Gray, GT Carpenter, RW AF Blumenthal, WR Abeln, SP Cannon, DD Gray, GT Carpenter, RW BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Influence of strain rate and temperature on the mechanical behavior of beryllium SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The compressive stress-strain response of three grades of beryllium were studied as a function of strain rate and temperature. Grades S200D, E, and F represent a historical perspective of beryllium processing from the 1960's through 1990's technology. The purpose of this study was to measure the mechanical behavior of beryllium over a range of deformation conditions for constitutive model development and to obtain microstructural evidence for deformation mechanisms. The compressive stress-strain response was found to be independent of grade and strongly dependent on the applied strain rate between 0.001 and 8000 s(-1). The strain-hardening response displayed a moderate temperature dependence between 77 degrees K and 873 degrees K. Microstructural examination of SHPB specimens revealed that twinning was extensive at strains above 7%. A SHPB sample deformed to over 20% strain contained both twinning and grain boundary microcracking. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blumenthal, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700096 ER PT S AU Zurek, AK Embury, JD Kelly, A Thissell, WR Gustavsen, RL Vorthman, JE Hixson, RS AF Zurek, AK Embury, JD Kelly, A Thissell, WR Gustavsen, RL Vorthman, JE Hixson, RS BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Microstructure of depleted uranium under uniaxial strain conditions SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Uranium samples of two different purities were used for spall strength measurements. Samples of depleted uranium were taken from very high purity material (38 ppm of carbon) and from material containing 280 ppm carbon. Experimental conditions were chosen to effectively arrest the microstructural damage at two places in the development to full spall separation. Samples were soft recovered and characterized with respect to the microstructure and the form of damage. This allowed determination of the dependence of spall mechanisms on stress level, stress state, and sample purity. This information is used in developing a model to predict the mode of fracture. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zurek, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 423 EP 426 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700099 ER PT S AU Kaschner, GC Gray, GT Chen, SR AF Kaschner, GC Gray, GT Chen, SR BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI The influence of texture and impurities on the mechanical behavior of zirconium SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Development of physically-based constitutive models capable of simultaneously describing slip, twinning, and anisotropy requires knowledge of the coincident influence of each on mechanical response. The effects of interstitial impurities and texture on twinning in zirconium (Zr), in addition to variations in strain rate and temperature are utilized to probe substructure evolution and mechanical behavior. The compressive yield response of high-purity crystal-bar and commercial-purity Zr was found to depend on the loading orientation relative to the h.c.p. c-axis, the applied strain rate, varied between 0.001 and 3500/s, and the test temperature, varied between 76 and 298K. The rate of strain hardening in Zr is seen to depend on the controlling defect storage mechanism as a function of texture, strain rate, and temperature. The substructure evolution of high-purity Zr was observed to depend on the applied strain rate and test temperature; the substructure of high-purity Zr was seen to display a greater incidence of deformation twinning when deformed at high strain rate or quasi-statically at 76K. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaschner, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 435 EP 438 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700102 ER PT S AU Hixson, RS Vorthman, JE Gustavsen, RL Zurek, AK Thissell, WR Tonks, DL AF Hixson, RS Vorthman, JE Gustavsen, RL Zurek, AK Thissell, WR Tonks, DL BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Spall wave-profile and shock-recovery experiments on depleted Uranium SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Depleted Uranium of two different purity levels has been studied to determine spall strength under shock wave loading. A high purity material with approximately 30 ppm of carbon impurities was shock compressed to two different stress levels, 37 and 53 kbar. The second material studied was uranium with about 300 ppm of carbon impurities. This material was shock loaded to three different final stress level, 37, 53, and 81 kbar. Two experimental techniques were used in this work. First, time-resolved free surface particle velocity measurements were done using a VISAR velocity interferometer. The second experimental technique used was soft recovery of samples after shock loading. These two experimental techniques will be briefly described here and VISAR results will be shown. Results of the spall recovery experiments and subsequent metallurgical analyses are described in another paper in these proceedings. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hixson, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 479 EP 482 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700113 ER PT S AU Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC AF Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Alumina strength degradation in the elastic regime SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Measurements of Kanel et. al. [1991] have suggested that deviatoric stresses in glasses shocked to nearly the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) relax over a time span of microseconds after initial loading. "Failure" (damage) waves have been inferred on the basis of these measurements using time-resolved manganin normal and transverse stress gauges. Additional experiments on glass by other researchers, using time-resolved gauges, high-speed photography and spall strength determinations have also lead to the same conclusions. In the present study we have conducted transmitted-wave experiments on high-quality Coors AD995 alumina shocked to roughly 5 and 7 GPa (just below or at the HEL). The material is subsequently reshocked to just above its elastic limit. Results of these experiments do show some evidence of strength degradation in the elastic regime. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Furnish, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700118 ER PT S AU Chhabildas, LC Furnish, MD Reinhart, WD Grady, DE AF Chhabildas, LC Furnish, MD Reinhart, WD Grady, DE BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Impact of AD995 alumina rods SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Gas guns and velocity interferometric techniques have been used to determine the loading behavior of AD995 alumina rods 19 mm in diameter by 75 mm and 150 mm long, respectively. Graded-density materials were used to impact both bare and sleeved alumina rods while the velocity interferometer was used to monitor the axial-velocity of the free end of the rods. Results of these experiments demonstrate that (1) a time-dependent stress pulse generated during impact allows an efficient transition from the initial uniaxial strain loading to a uniaxial stress state as the stress pulse propagates through the rod, and (2) the intermediate loading rates obtained in this configuration lie between split Hopkinson bar and shock-loading techniques. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chhabildas, LC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 505 EP 508 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700119 ER PT S AU Kipp, ME Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD AF Kipp, ME Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Elastic shock response and spall strength of concrete SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Impact experiments have been performed to obtain shock compression, release response, and spall strength of two scaled concrete formulations. Wave profiles from a suite of ten experiments, with shock amplitudes of 0.08 to 0.55 GPa, focus primarily on the elastic regime. Despite considerable wave structure that develops as the shock transits these heterogeneous targets, consistent pullback signals were identified in the release profiles, indicating a spall strength of about 30 MPa. Explicit modeling of the concrete aggregate structure in numerical simulations provides insight into the particle velocity records. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kipp, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 557 EP 560 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700132 ER PT S AU Asay, BW Henson, BF Dickson, PM Fugard, CS Funk, DJ AF Asay, BW Henson, BF Dickson, PM Fugard, CS Funk, DJ BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Direct measurement of strain field evolution during dynamic deformation of an energetic material SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We previously reported results showing displacement fields (at a single instant in time) on the unconfined surface of an explosive during deformation using white light speckle photography. We have now successfully obtained similar data in confined samples showing the evolution in time of the strain field using laser-induced fluorescence speckle photography. A modified data analysis technique using methods borrowed from particle image velocimetry was used in conjunction with an eight frame electronic CCD camera. For these tests, projectiles of varying shape were fired into an explosive sample. Localization of strain was observed in all cases and was found to be a strong function of the projectile shape, with ignition occurring in those cases where shear appears to play a dominant role. Results from this and continuing studies provide experimental evidence for strain localization, and for the first time allow the direct comparison to computer model predictions. The data are also being used in the design of more realistic and reliable constitutive models. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700134 ER PT S AU Burnside, NJ Son, SF Asay, BW Skidmore, CB AF Burnside, NJ Son, SF Asay, BW Skidmore, CB BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Particle characterization of pressed granular HMX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB It is widely accepted that particle size and morphology in granular beds of HE plays a large role in combustion and detonation events. This work reports the characteristics of coarse granular HMX (Class A) at a range of densities from stock density to 95% TMD. We report measurements of the particle size distribution of original granular HMX, as well as the size distribution of pressed (higher density) samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures are presented and are found to be useful in interpreting the size distribution measurements of the granular HMX, as well as in helping to more fully characterize the state of the particles. We find that the particle size distribution changes significantly with pressing. Particles are observed to be highly fractured and damaged, especially at higher pressed densities. Also, we have found that sample preparation can significantly affect size distribution measurements. In particular, even short duration ultra-sonic or "sonication" treatment can have a significant effect on the measured size distributions of pressed HMX samples. Surface area measured by gas absorption is found to be much larger than inferred from light scattering. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burnside, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 571 EP 574 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700135 ER PT S AU Sheffield, SA Gustavsen, RL Alcon, RR AF Sheffield, SA Gustavsen, RL Alcon, RR BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Porous HMX initiation studies - Sugar as an inert simulant SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB For several years we have been using magnetic particle velocity gauges to study the shock loading of porous HMX (65 and 73% TMD) of different particle sizes to determine their compaction and initiation characteristics. Because it has been difficult to separate the effects of compaction and reaction, an inert simulant was needed with properties similar to HMX. Sugar was selected as the simulant for several reasons: 1) the particle size distribution of C & H granulated sugar is similar to the coarse HMX we have been using (120 mu m average size), 2) the particle size of C & H confectioners (powdered) sugar is similar to the fine HMX in the studies (10 mu m average size), 3) it is an organic material, and 4) sugar was readily available. Because the densities of HMX and sugar are somewhat different, we chose to do the experiments on sugar compacts at 65 and 73% TMD. As expected, no reaction was observed in the sugar experiments. Compaction wave profiles were similar to those measured earlier for the HMX, ie., the compaction waves in the coarse sugar were quite disperse while those in the fine sugar were much sharper. This indicates that the compaction wave profiles are controlled by particle size and not reaction. Also, the coarse sugar gauge signals exhibited a great deal of noise, thought to be the result of fracto-emission. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sheffield, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 575 EP 578 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700136 ER PT S AU Skidmore, CB Phillips, DS Son, SF Asay, BW AF Skidmore, CB Phillips, DS Son, SF Asay, BW BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Characterization of HMX particles in PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The particle size distribution and morphology of HMX (cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine) in the plastic-bonded explosive, PBX 9501 (95% HMX and 5% polymeric binder, by weight), are important to understanding the micromechanical behavior of this material. This paper shows that the size distribution of the "as-received" HMX powder, as measured by light scattering, is not preserved through the processing operations of formulation into molding powder and subsequent consolidation through hydrostatic pressing. Morphological features such as cracking and twinning an examined using reflected light microscopy. This technique helps confirm and interpret the results of the particle size analysis. These results suggest that use of the particle size distribution of the "as-received" powder could potentially yield significant errors in detailed simulations of formulated materials. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Skidmore, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 579 EP 582 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700137 ER PT S AU Gray, GT Blumenthal, WR Idar, DJ Cady, CM AF Gray, GT Blumenthal, WR Idar, DJ Cady, CM BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Influence of temperature on the high-strain-rate mechanical behavior of PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB High-strain-rate (2000 s(-1)) compression measurements utilizing a specially-designed Split-Hopkinson-Pressure Bar have been obtained as a function of temperature from -55 to +50 degrees C for the plastic-bonded explosive PBX 9501. The PBX 9501 high-strain-rate data was found to exhibit similarities to other energetic, propellant, and polymer-composite materials as a function of strain rate and temperature. The high-rate response of the energetic was found to exhibit increased ultimate compressive fracture strength and elastic loading modulus with decreasing temperature. PBX 9501 exhibited nearly invariant fracture strains of similar to 1.5 percent as a function of temperature at high-strain rate. The maximum compressive strength of PBX 9501 was measured to increase from similar to 55 MPa at 50 degrees C to 150 MPa at -55 degrees C. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the fracture mode of PBX 9501 deformed at high-strain revealed predominantly transgranular cleavage fracture of the HMX crystals. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 583 EP 586 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700138 ER PT S AU Idar, DJ Peterson, PD Scott, PD Funk, DJ AF Idar, DJ Peterson, PD Scott, PD Funk, DJ BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Low strain rate compression measurements of PBXN-9, PBX 9501, and mock 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Low strain rate (10(-3) to 10(-1) s(-1)) compression measurements have been obtained on three different composite materials: PBXN-9, PBX 9501, and a 9501 sugar mock. These measurements expand on earlier efforts to identify the behavior of PBX 9501 and sugar mocks at different rates, sample aspect ratios (L/d) and temperatures. PBX 9501 samples at three different L/d's were strained at the same strain rate to evaluate L/d effects on the stress-strain parameters. PBXN-9 data were obtained at two different L/d's, two different temperatures, and at three different rates. The PBXN-9 data exhibit similar trends to other energetic materials data, i.e. 1)increased ultimate compressive strength and modulus of elasticity with either an increase in strain rate, or decrease in temperature, and 2)small increases in the strain at maximum stress with decreases in temperature or strain rate. A comparison of the PBXN-9 data to the PBX 9501 data shows that both begin to fail at comparable strains, however the PBXN-9 data is considerably weaker in terms of the ultimate compressive strength. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Idar, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 587 EP 590 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700139 ER PT S AU Davis, LL Brower, KR AF Davis, LL Brower, KR BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shock-initiation chemistry of nitroarenes SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We present evidence that the shock-initiation chemistry of nitroarenes is dominated by the intermolecular hydrogen transfer mechanism discussed previously. The acceleration by pressure, kinetic isotope effect, and product distribution are consistent with the bimolecular transition state rather than rate-determining C-N homolysis. GC-MS analysis of samples which were subjected to a shock wave generated by detonation of nitromethane shows that nitrobenzene produces aniline and biphenyl, and o-nitrotoluene forms aniline, toluene, o-toluidine and o-cresol, but not anthranil, benzoxazinone, or cyanocyclopentadiene. In isotopic labeling experimentso-nitrotoluene and TNT show extensive H-D exchange on their methyl groups, and C-N bond rupture is not consistent with the formation of aniline from nitrobenzene or nitrotoluene, nor the formation of o-toluidine from o-nitrotoluene. Recent work incorporating fast TOF mass spectroscopy of samples shocked and quenched by adiabatic expansion indicates that the initial chemical reactions in shocked solid nitroaromatic explosives proceed along this path. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, LL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX-1,Mail Stop P-952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 699 EP 702 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700165 ER PT S AU Chidester, SK Tarver, CM Lee, CG AF Chidester, SK Tarver, CM Lee, CG BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Impact ignition of new and aged solid explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The critical impact velocities of 60.1 mm diameter steel projectiles required to produce ignition are measured for new and aged confined charges of the HMX-based solid explosives LX-10, LX-04, PBX- 9404, and PBX-9501. External blast overpressure gauges are employed to determine the relative violence of the explosive reactions. The experiment is modeled in DYNA2D using recently developed material strength models, and thermal energy deposition thresholds for impact ignition are found. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chidester, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 707 EP 710 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700167 ER PT S AU Maienschein, JL Urtiew, PA Garcia, F Chandler, JB AF Maienschein, JL Urtiew, PA Garcia, F Chandler, JB BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Effect of microvoids on the shock initiation of PETN SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We demonstrate that the introduction of microvoids as glass microballoons sensitizes high-density solvent-pressed PETN to shock initiation. At input pressures ranging from 1.4-2.0 GPa, shock propagation velocities are higher and run distances to detonation are shorter for PETN sensitized by microballoons. By selecting the size and density of microballoons, we can therefore study the effect of void size and density on shock initiation by hot spots. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maienschein, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 711 EP 714 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700168 ER PT S AU Mulford, RN Romero, JA AF Mulford, RN Romero, JA BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Sensitivity of the TATB-based explosive PBX-9502 after thermal expansion SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The sensitivity of TATE-based explosive PBX-9502 is affected by non-reversible thermal expansion, or "ratchet growth." PBX-9502 is a plastic-bonded explosive consisting of 95 wt% TATE (2,4,6-trinitro-1,3,5-benzenetriamine) and 5 wt% Kel-F 800 binder (chlorotrifluoroethylene/vinylidine 3:1 copolymer). The magnitude of the increase in size and the corresponding increase in sensitivity is reported here for a particular pressing of PBX-9502, after repeated thermal cycling. The physical morphology of the expanded material is examined using scanning electron microscopy, in an effort to determine the increase in intergranular holes, intragranular cracks and fissures in the TATE crystals, and the change in the distribution of the Kel-F, all of which are suspected to affect the sensitivity of the material. These images support the proposed mechanism for ratchet growth.(1) Sensitivity, growth of the reactive wave behind the shock front, and Hugoniot data are obtained from in-material particle velocity gauge records of the shock initiation process. Increases in sensitivity with growth and with elevated temperature are summarized in Pop plots. Sensitivity increases commensurate with the increase in voids. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mulford, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 723 EP 726 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700171 ER PT S AU Urtiew, PA Tarver, CM Forbes, JW Garcia, F AF Urtiew, PA Tarver, CM Forbes, JW Garcia, F BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Shock sensitivity of LX-04 at elevated temperatures SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Hazard scenarios can involve multiple stimuli, such as heating followed by fragment impact (shock), The shock response of LX-04 (85 weight % HMX and 15 weight % Viton binder) preheated to temperatures near 170C is studied in a 10.2 cm bore diameter gas gun using embedded manganin pressure gauges. The pressure histories at various depths in the LX-04 targets and the run distances to detonation at several input shock pressures are measured and compared to those obtained in ambient temperature LX-04. The hot LX-04 is significantly more shock sensitive than ambient LX-04. Ignition and Growth reactive flow models are developed for ambient and hot LX-04 to allow predictions of impact scenarios that can not be tested directly. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Urtiew, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 727 EP 730 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700172 ER PT S AU Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR AF Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Detonation wave profiles in HMX based explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Detonation wave profiles have been measured in several HMX based plastic bonded explosives including PBX9404, PBX9501, and EDC-37, as well as two HMX powders (coarse and fine) pressed to 65% of crystal density. The powders had 120 and 10 mu m average grain sizes, respectively. Planar detonations were produced by impacting the explosive with projectiles launched in a 72-mm bore gas gun. Impactors, impact velocity, acid explosive thickness were chosen so that the run distance to detonation was always less than half the explosive thickness. For the high density plastic bonded explosives, particle velocity wave profiles were measured at an explosive/window interface using two VISAR interferometers. PMMA windows with vapor deposited aluminum mirrors were used for all experiments. Wave profiles for the powdered explosives were measured using magnetic particle velocity gauges. Estimates of the reaction zone parameters were obtained from the profiles using Hugoniots of the explosive and window. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gustavsen, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 739 EP 742 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700175 ER PT S AU Hill, LG Seitz, WL Forest, CA Harry, HH AF Hill, LG Seitz, WL Forest, CA Harry, HH BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI High explosive corner turning performance and the LANL mushroom test SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The Mushroom test is designed to characterize the corner turning performance of a new generation of less sensitive booster explosives. The test is described in detail, and three corner turning figures-of-merit are examined using pure TATB (both Livermore's Ultrafine and a Los Alamos research blend) and PBX9504 as examples. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hill, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 751 EP 754 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700178 ER PT S AU Setchell, RE Chhabildas, LC Furnish, MD Montgomery, ST Holman, GT AF Setchell, RE Chhabildas, LC Furnish, MD Montgomery, ST Holman, GT BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Dynamic electromechanical characterization of the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 95/5 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Shock-induced depoling of the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 95/5 has been utilized in pulsed power applications for many years. Recently, new design and certification requirements have generated a strong interest in numerically simulating the operation of pulsed power devices. Because of a scarcity of relevant experimental data obtained within the past twenty years, we have initiated an extensive experimental study of the dynamic behavior of this material in support of simulation efforts. The experiments performed to date have been limited to examining the behavior of unpoled material. Samples of PZT 95/5 have been shocked to axial stresses from 0.5 to 5.0 GPa in planar impact experiments. Impact face conditions have been recorded using PVDF stress gauges, and transmitted wave profiles have been recorded either at window interfaces or at a free surface using laser interferometry (VISAR). The results significantly extend the stresses examined in prior studies of unpoled material, and ensure that a comprehensive experimental characterization of the mechanical behavior under shock loading is available for continuing development of PZT 95/5 material models. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Setchell, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 781 EP 784 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700185 ER PT S AU Henson, BF Funk, DJ Dickson, PM Fugard, CS Asay, BW AF Henson, BF Funk, DJ Dickson, PM Fugard, CS Asay, BW BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Surface temperature measurements of heterogeneous explosives by IR emission SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We present measurements of the integrated TR emission (1-5 mu m) from both the heterogeneous explosive PBX 9501 and pure HMX at calibrated temperatures from 30 degrees C to 250 degrees C. The IR power emitted as a function of temperature is that expected of a black body, attenuated by a unique temperature independent constant which we report as the thermal emissivity. We have utilized this calibration of IR emission in measurements of the surface temperature from PBX 9501 subject to 1 GPa, two dimensional impact, and spontaneous ignition in unconfined cookoff. We demonstrate that the measurement of IR emission in this spectral region provides a temperature probe of sufficient sensitivity to resolve the thermal response from the solid explosive throughout the range of weak mechanical perturbation, prolonged heating to ignition, and combustion. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henson, BF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 805 EP 808 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700191 ER PT S AU Dick, JJ von Dreele, RB AF Dick, JJ von Dreele, RB BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Determination of the response of pentaerythritol tetranitrate to static high pressure up to 4.28 GPa by neutron diffraction. SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Neutron powder diffraction experiments were performed on pentaerythritol tetranitrate explosive up to 4.28 GPa. For deuterated samples the changes in lattice parameters, intramolecular torsional angles and molecular rotation were measured. The lattice parameter changes were different from those observed in protonated samples. However, there is no evidence of a phase transition or change in molecular symmetry. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp DX 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dick, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp DX 1, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 827 EP 830 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700196 ER PT S AU Trott, WM Asay, JR AF Trott, WM Asay, JR BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Investigation of microscale shock phenomena using a line-imaging optically recording velocity interferometer system SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB An optically recording velocity interferometer system (ORVIS) can be operated in a line-imaging configuration that effectively combines subnanosecond temporal resolution with high spatial resolution (length scales < 10 mu m). This technique easily captures very small temporal variations in the onset of motion across the face of a small-scale (400-mu m diameter) laser-driven flyer. In another application: line-imaging ORVIS has been used to obtain spatially resolved particle velocity vs. time information at flyer impact on a lithium fluoride witness plate. Subnanosecond differences in flyer arrival time are clearly resolved and the results also show subtle amplitude variations in the pulse delivered at different locations of the acceptor. Observed velocity field variations in laser acceleration of a patterned flyer target demonstrate the feasibility of using line ORVIS in studies of instability formation and growth. These results indicate that this diagnostic can be applied to a wide variety of shock phenomena. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trott, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 837 EP 840 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700198 ER PT S AU Anderson, MU Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD AF Anderson, MU Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Simultaneous PVDF/VISAR measurement technique for isentropic loading with graded density impactors SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A simultaneous PVDF/VISAR measurement technique was used for isentropic-loading experiments with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) specimen. The experiments used a graded density impactor accelerated onto a tantalum driver backed with PMMA and then lithium fluoride windows for each experiment. Simultaneous measurements made at each window interface provided precise transit time and particle velocity measurements which can be used to determine the stress-vs-strain loading path using Lagrangian analysis techniques. The experimental technique provides access to 40 GPa stress levels in PMMA under isentropic-loading conditions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, MU (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 841 EP 844 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700199 ER PT S AU Alcon, RR Sheffield, SA Martinez, AR Gustavsen, RL AF Alcon, RR Sheffield, SA Martinez, AR Gustavsen, RL BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Magnetic gauge instrumentation on the LANL gas-driven two-stage gun SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The LANL gas-driven two-stage gun was designed and built to do initiation studies on insensitive high explosives as well as equation of state and reaction experiments on other materials. The preferred method of measuring reaction phenomena involves the use of in-situ magnetic particle velocity gauges. In order to accommodate this type of gauging in our two-stage gun, it has a 50-mm-diameter launch tube. We have used magnetic gauging on our 72-mm bore diameter single-stage gun for over 15 years and it has proven a very effective technique for all types of shock wave experiments, including those on high explosives. This technique has now been installed on our gas-driven two-stage gun. We describe the method used, as well as some of the difficulties that arose during the installation. Several magnetic gauge experiments have been completed on plastic materials. Waveforms obtained in some of the experiments will be discussed. Up to 10 in-situ particle velocity measurements can be made in a single experiment. This new technique is now working quite well, as is evidenced by the data. To our knowledge, this is the first time magnetic gauging has been used on a two-stage gun. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alcon, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 845 EP 848 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700200 ER PT S AU Funk, DJ Asay, BW Bennett, BI Bowman, JD Boat, RM Dickson, PM Henson, BF Hull, LM Idar, DJ Laabs, GW London, R Mace, JL Morgan, GL Murk, DM Rabie, RL Ragan, CE Stacy, HL Yuan, VW AF Funk, DJ Asay, BW Bennett, BI Bowman, JD Boat, RM Dickson, PM Henson, BF Hull, LM Idar, DJ Laabs, GW London, R Mace, JL Morgan, GL Murk, DM Rabie, RL Ragan, CE Stacy, HL Yuan, VW BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Dynamic measurement of temperature using neutron resonance spectroscopy (NRS) SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Accurate temperature measurements in dynamic systems have been pursued for decades and have usually relied on optical techniques. These approaches are generally hampered by insufficient information regarding the emissivity of the system under study. We are developing NRS techniques to measure temperature in dynamic systems and overcome these limitations. Many neutron resonances have narrow intrinsic Breit-Wigner widths such that the resonance is substantially broadened by the atomic motion even at room temperature. Thus, accurate measurement of the Doppler contribution allows one to infer the material temperature, and for the conditions achieved using standard high explosives, the probe itself is not perturbed by the high temperature and pressure. Experiments are conducted using a pulsed spallation source at LANSCE with time-of-flight measurement of the neutron spectra. In initial experiments, we have demonstrated that measurements with ten percent accuracy are possible. We have fielded dynamic tests, most of which were neutron-flux limited. An overview of the approach and the status of our experimental campaign are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Funk, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 887 EP 890 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700210 ER PT S AU Glenn, LA AF Glenn, LA BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Optimization studies of a three-stage light gas gun SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A new gasdynamic launcher is described, in which intact projectiles weighing at least 1 gram can be accelerated to mass velocities of 15-20 km/s. The system employs a conventional 2-stage light gas gun, with the barrel modified and filled with helium to act as a pump tube for a third stage. The key feature of the launcher is that the peak pressure in the third stage can be maintained below 2.5 GPa, thus assuring high efficiency and the integrity of the projectile. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glenn, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 963 EP 966 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700228 ER PT S AU Konrad, CH Trott, WM Hall, CA Lash, JS Dukart, RJ Clark, B Hanson, DL Chandler, GA Fleming, KJ Trucano, TG Chhabildas, LC Asay, JR AF Konrad, CH Trott, WM Hall, CA Lash, JS Dukart, RJ Clark, B Hanson, DL Chandler, GA Fleming, KJ Trucano, TG Chhabildas, LC Asay, JR BE Schmidt, SC Dandekar, DP Forbes, JW TI Use of Z-pinch sources for high-pressure shock wave experiments SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 1997 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical Group on Shock Compresssion of Condensed Matter CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 1997 CL AMHERST, MA SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Recent developments have demonstrated the use of pulsed power for producing intense radiation sources (z-pinches) that can drive planar shock waves in samples with spatial dimensions significantly larger than possible with other radiation sources. In this paper, we will discuss the use of z-pinch sources for shock wave studies at multi-Mbar pressures. Experimental plans to use the technique for absolute shock Hugoniot measurements and with accuracies comparable to that obtained with gun launchers are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Konrad, CH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-833-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 429 BP 997 EP 1000 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Acoustics; Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Physics GA BL47R UT WOS:000075657700236 ER PT J AU Chen, KC Ford, RM Cummings, PT AF Chen, KC Ford, RM Cummings, PT TI Perturbation expansion of Alt's cell balance equations reduces to Segel's one-dimensional equations for shallow chemoattractant gradients SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE chemotaxis; cell balance equations; random motility; chemotactic velocity; perturbation theory ID BACTERIAL RANDOM MOTILITY; CHEMOTAXIS COEFFICIENTS; MODELS; POPULATIONS; ASSAY AB The cell balance equations of Alt are rigorously studied and perturbatively expanded into forms similar to Segel's one-dimensional phenomenological cell balance equations by considering the simplifying case of bacterial density possessing symmetry in the x and y directions responding to an attractant gradient present only in the z direction. We prove that for shallow attractant gradients the lumped integrals involving the tumbling probability frequency distribution and bacterial density distribution in the theta direction can be explicitly expressed as a product of three quantities: the mean tumbling frequency, the bacterial subpopulation density, and a reversal probability. We also derive expressions for the bacterial net flux in the Fickian form from which two macroscopic transport parameters, the random motility coefficient and the chemotactic velocity, are explicitly related to individual cell properties and chemical gradients. C1 NYU Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Neurosci, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, KC (reprint author), NYU Med Ctr, Dept Physiol & Neurosci, 500 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 35 EP 57 DI 10.1137/S0036139996301283 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 121RV UT WOS:000076028500003 ER PT J AU Avis, D Beresford-Smith, B Devroye, L Elgindy, H Guevremont, E Hurtado, F Zhu, BH AF Avis, D Beresford-Smith, B Devroye, L Elgindy, H Guevremont, E Hurtado, F Zhu, BH TI Unoriented Theta-maxima in the plane: Complexity and algorithms SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE maxima; plane sweep; lower bound; probabilistic analysis; expected complexity ID LINEAR-EXPECTED-TIME; COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY; AVERAGE NUMBER; SET; VECTORS; HULLS AB We introduce the unoriented Theta-maximum as a new criterion for describing the shape of a set of planar points. We present efficient algorithms for computing the unoriented Theta-maximum of a set of planar points. We also propose a simple linear expected time algorithm for computing the unoriented Theta-maximum of a set of planar points when Theta = pi/2. C1 McGill Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. Univ Newcastle, Dept Comp Sci, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Politecn Catalunya, Dept Math Aplicada 2, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp C 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Comp Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong. RP Avis, D (reprint author), McGill Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. RI Zhu, Binhai/A-2911-2008 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 278 EP 296 DI 10.1137/S0097539794277871 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 102GN UT WOS:000074916200015 ER PT J AU Atkins, JE Boman, EG Hendrickson, B AF Atkins, JE Boman, EG Hendrickson, B TI A spectral algorithm for seriation and the consecutive ones problem SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE seriation; consecutive ones property; eigenvector; Fiedler vector; analysis of algorithms ID GRAPHS; EIGENVECTORS; EIGENVALUES; MATRICES AB In applications ranging from DNA sequencing through archeological dating to sparse matrix reordering, a recurrent problem is the sequencing of elements in such a way that highly correlated pairs of elements are near each other. That is, given a correlation function f reflecting the desire for each pair of elements to be near each other, find all permutations pi with the property that if pi(i) < pi(j) < pi(k) then f(i, j) greater than or equal to f(i, k) and f(j, k) greater than or equal to f(i, k). This seriation problem is a generalization of the well-studied consecutive ones problem. We present a spectral algorithm for this problem that has a number of interesting features. Whereas most previous applications of spectral techniques provide only bounds or heuristics, our result is an algorithm that correctly solves a nontrivial combinatorial problem. In addition, spectral methods are being successfully applied as heuristics to a variety of sequencing problems, and our result helps explain and justify these applications. C1 Infin Financial Technol, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Appl & Numer Math Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Atkins, JE (reprint author), Infin Financial Technol, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. EM atkins@infinity.com; boman@sccm.stanford.edu; bah@cs.sandia.gov NR 32 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 297 EP 310 DI 10.1137/S0097539795285771 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 102GN UT WOS:000074916200016 ER PT J AU Bshouty, NH Goldberg, PW Goldman, SA Mathias, HD AF Bshouty, NH Goldberg, PW Goldman, SA Mathias, HD TI Exact learning of discretized geometric concepts SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE computational learning; geometric concepts; exact learning; membership and equivalence queries ID MODELS AB We first present an algorithm that uses membership and equivalence queries to exactly identify a discretized geometric concept defined by the union of m axis-parallel boxes in d-dimensional discretized Euclidean space where each coordinate can have n discrete values. This algorithm receives at most md counterexamples and uses time and membership queries polynomial in m and log n for any constant d. Furthermore, all equivalence queries can be formulated as the union of O(md log m) axis-parallel boxes. Next, we show how to extend our algorithm to efficiently learn, from only equivalence queries, any discretized geometric concept generated from any number of halfspaces with any number of known (to the learner) slopes in a constant dimensional space. In particular, our algorithm exactly learns (from equivalence queries only) unions of discretized axis-parallel boxes in constant dimensional space in polynomial time. Furthermore, this equivalence query only algorithm can be modified to handle a polynomial number of lies in the counterexamples provided by the environment. Finally, we introduce a new complexity measure that better captures the complexity of the union of m boxes than simply the number of boxes and the dimension. Our new measure, sigma, is the number of segments in the target, where a segment is a maximum portion of one of the sides of the target that lies entirely inside or entirely outside each of the other halfspaces defining the target. We present a modification of our first algorithm that uses time and queries polynomial in sigma and log n. In fact, the time and queries (both membership and equivalence) used by this single algorithm are polynomial for either m or d constant. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Comp Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bshouty, NH (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Comp Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM bshouty@csa.technion.ac.il; pwg@dcs.warwick.ac.uk; sg@cs.wustl.edu; dmath@cis.ohio-state.edu OI Mathias, David/0000-0001-8521-6705 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 EI 1095-7111 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PY 1998 VL 28 IS 2 BP 674 EP 699 DI 10.1137/S0097539794274246 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 112VQ UT WOS:000075515700004 ER PT J AU Kolda, TG O'Leary, DP Nazareth, L AF Kolda, TG O'Leary, DP Nazareth, L TI BFGS with update skipping and varying memory SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE minimization; quasi-Newton; BFGS; limited-memory; update skipping; Broyden family ID QUASI-NEWTON MATRICES; UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB We give conditions under which limited-memory quasi-Newton methods with exact line searches will terminate in n steps when minimizing n-dimensional quadratic functions. We show that although all Broyden family methods terminate in n steps in their full-memory versions, only BFGS does so with limited-memory. Additionally, we show that full-memory Broyden family methods with exact line searches terminate in at most n + p steps when p matrix updates are skipped. We introduce new limited-memory BFGS variants and test them on nonquadratic minimization problems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Math, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kolda, TG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 6012,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kolda, Tamara/B-1628-2009 OI Kolda, Tamara/0000-0003-4176-2493 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1083 DI 10.1137/S1052623496306450 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 124WH UT WOS:000076205400004 ER PT J AU Plantenga, T AF Plantenga, T TI A trust region method for nonlinear programming based on primal interior-point techniques SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE constrained optimization; nonlinear optimization; trust region methods; interior-point algorithms; barrier methods; large-scale optimization ID CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; KARMARKAR ALGORITHM; STABILITY; IMPLEMENTATION AB This paper describes a new trust region method for solving large-scale optimization problems with nonlinear equality and inequality constraints. The new algorithm employs interior-point techniques from linear programming, adapting them for more general nonlinear problems. A software implementation based entirely on sparse matrix methods is described. The software handles infeasible start points, identifies the active set of constraints at a solution, and can use second derivative information to solve problems. Numerical results are reported for large and small problems, and a comparison is made with other large-scale optimization codes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Plantenga, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9214, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tdplant@ca.sandia.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 1998 VL 20 IS 1 BP 282 EP 305 DI 10.1137/S1064827595284403 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 111KA UT WOS:000075434800014 ER PT J AU Bandy, VA Dendy, JE Spangenberg, WH AF Bandy, VA Dendy, JE Spangenberg, WH TI Some multigrid algorithms for elliptic problems on data parallel machines SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE multigrid; parallel computation AB Previously a semicoarsening multigrid algorithm suitable for use on data parallel architectures was investigated. Through the use of new software tools, the performance of this algorithm has been considerably improved. The method has also been extended to three space dimensions. The method performs well for strongly anisotropic problems and for problems with coefficients jumping by orders of magnitude across internal interfaces. The parallel efficiency of this method is analyzed, and its actual performance on the CM-5 is compared with its performance on the CRAY Y-MP and the Sparc-5. A standard coarsening multigrid algorithm is also considered, and we compare its performance on these three platforms as well. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Informat & Coomun Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bandy, VA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 74 EP 86 DI 10.1137/S1064827596303648 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YW904 UT WOS:000071986400007 ER PT J AU Moulton, JD Morel, JE Ascher, UM AF Moulton, JD Morel, JE Ascher, UM TI Approximate Schur complement preconditioning of the lowest-order nodal discretizations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE conjugate gradient; preconditioner; Schur complement; multigrid ID 2ND-ORDER ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; NEUTRON DIFFUSION; EXPANSION METHOD; ELEMENT; IMPLEMENTATION AB Certain classes of nodal methods and mixed-hybrid finite element methods lead to equivalent, robust, and accurate discretizations of second-order elliptic PDEs. However, widespread popularity of these discretizations has been hindered by the awkward linear systems which result. The present work overcomes this awkwardness and develops preconditioners which yield solution algorithms for these discretizations with an efficiency comparable to that of the multigrid method for standard discretizations. Our approach exploits the natural partitioning of the linear system obtained by the mixed-hybrid finite element method. By eliminating different subsets of unknowns, two Schur complements are obtained with known structure. Replacing key matrices in this structure by lumped approximations, we define three optimal preconditioners. Central to the optimal performance of these preconditioners is their sparsity structure which is compatible with standard finite difference discretizations and hence treated adequately with only a single multigrid cycle. In this paper we restrict the discussion to the two-dimensional case; these techniques are readily extended to three dimensions. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Comp Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. RP Moulton, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM moulton@cnls.lanl.gov; jim@c3.lanl.gov; ascher@cs.ubc.ca NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 185 EP 205 DI 10.1137/S1064827596303491 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YW904 UT WOS:000071986400015 ER PT J AU Cai, XC Gropp, WD Keyes, DE Melvin, RG Young, DP AF Cai, XC Gropp, WD Keyes, DE Melvin, RG Young, DP TI Parallel Newton-Krylov-Schwarz algorithms for the transonic full potential equation SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE full potential equation; finite elements; domain decomposition; Newton methods; Krylov space methods; overlapping Schwarz preconditioner; parallel computing ID DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHMS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; CONVERGENCE AB We study parallel two-level overlapping Schwarz algorithms for solving nonlinear finite element problems, in particular, for the full potential equation of aerodynamics discretized in two dimensions with bilinear elements. The overall algorithm, Newton-Krylov-Schwarz (NKS), employs an inexact finite difference Newton method and a Krylov space iterative method, with a two-level overlapping Schwarz method as a preconditioner. We demonstrate that NKS, combined with a density upwinding continuation strategy for problems with weak shocks, is robust and economical for this class of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic nonlinear partial differential equations, with proper specification of several parameters. We study upwinding parameters, inner convergence tolerance, coarse grid density, subdomain overlap, and the level of fill-in in the incomplete factorization, and report their effect on numerical convergence rate, overall execution time, and parallel efficiency on a distributed-memory parallel computer. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, ICASE, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Cai, XC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 43 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 246 EP 265 DI 10.1137/S1064827596304046 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YW904 UT WOS:000071986400018 ER PT J AU Knoll, DA McHugh, PR AF Knoll, DA McHugh, PR TI Enhanced nonlinear iterative techniques applied to a nonequilibrium plasma flow SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Newton-Krylov methods; nonlinear iterative methods; preconditioned Krylov algorithms; plasma flow ID NEWTON-KRYLOV METHODS; NAVIER-STOKES; FLUID EQUATIONS; EULER EQUATIONS; ALGORITHM; SYSTEMS; SOLVERS AB We study the application of enhanced nonlinear iterative methods to the steady-state solution of a system of two-dimensional convection-diffusion-reaction partial differential equations that describe the partially ionized plasma ow in the boundary layer of a tokamak fusion reactor. This system of equations is characterized by multiple time and spatial scales and contains highly anisotropic transport coefficients due to a strong imposed magnetic field. We use Newton's method to linearize the nonlinear system of equations resulting from an implicit, finite volume discretization of the governing partial differential equations, on a staggered Cartesian mesh. The resulting linear systems are neither symmetric nor positive definite, and are poorly conditioned. Preconditioned Krylov iterative techniques are employed to solve these linear systems. We investigate both a modified and a matrix-free Newton-Krylov implementation, with the goal of reducing CPU cost associated with the numerical formation of the Jacobian. A combination of a damped iteration, mesh sequencing, and a pseudotransient continuation technique is used to enhance global nonlinear convergence and CPU efficiency. GMRES is employed as the Krylov method with incomplete lower-upper (ILU) factorization preconditioning. The goal is to construct a combination of nonlinear and linear iterative techniques for this complex physical problem that optimizes trade-offs between robustness, CPU time, memory requirements, and code complexity. It is shown that a mesh sequencing implementation provides significant CPU savings for fine grid calculations. Performance comparisons of modified Newton-Krylov and matrix-free Newton-Krylov algorithms will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Semitool Inc, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. RP Knoll, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1137/S1064827596304034 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YW904 UT WOS:000071986400021 ER PT B AU Sarti, A Ortiz, C Lockett, S Malladi, R AF Sarti, A Ortiz, C Lockett, S Malladi, R BE Costa, LDF Camara, G TI A unified geometric model for 3D confocal image analysis in cytology SO SIBGRAPI '98 - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER GRAPHICS, IMAGE PROCESSING, AND VISION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Computer Graphics, Image Processing, and Vision (SIBGRAPI 98) CY OCT 20-23, 1998 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Inst Pesquisas Espaciasis, Soc Brasileira Comp, Fdn Amparo & Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Fdn Amparo & Pesquisa Estado Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientif & Tecnol, Fdn Coordenacao Aperfeioamento Pessoal Nivel Super DE cytology; image processing; segmentation; dynamic surfaces; level sets; differential geometry; Riemannian geometry; surface evolution AB In this paper, we use partial differential equation based analysis as a methodology for computer-aided cytology. We wish to accurately extract and classify the shapes of nuclei from noisy confocal microscopy images. This is a prerequisite to an accurate quantitative intranuclear (genotypic and phenotypic) and internuclear (tissue structure) analysis of cancerous and pre-cancerouse specimens. We study the use of a geometric-driven scheme for improving the results obtained by a nuclear segmentation method, based on automatic segmentation, followed by object reconstruction and interactive classification. We build a chain of methods that includes an edge-preserving image smoothing mechanism, an automatic (albeit non-regularized) segmentation method, a geometry-driven scheme to regularize the shapes and improve edge fidelity, and an interactive method to split shape clusters and reclassify them. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sarti, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-9216-2 PY 1998 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1109/SIBGRA.1998.722735 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BL81L UT WOS:000076805000011 ER PT S AU Sleefe, GE Ladd, MD Gallegos, DE Sicking, CW Erteza, IA AF Sleefe, GE Ladd, MD Gallegos, DE Sicking, CW Erteza, IA BE Kadar, I TI A novel algorithm for real-time adaptive signal detection and identification SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition VII CY APR 13-15, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE detection; identification; signal processing; adaptive; algorithm AB This paper describes a novel digital signal processing algorithm for adaptively detecting and identifying signals buried in noise. The algorithm continually computes and updates the long-term statistics and spectral characteristics of the background noise. Using this noise model, a set of adaptive thresholds and matched digital filters are implemented to enhance and detect signals that are buried in the noise. The algorithm furthermore automatically suppresses coherent noise sources and adapts to time-varying signal conditions. Signal detection is performed in both the time-domain and the frequency-domain, thereby permitting the detection of both broad-band transients and narrow-band signals. The detection algorithm also provides for the computation of important signal features such as amplitude, timing, and phase information. Signal identification is achieved through a combination of frequency-domain template matching and spectral peak picking. The algorithm described herein is well suited for real-time implementation on digital signal processing hardware. This paper presents the theory of the adaptive algorithm, provides an algorithmic block diagram, and demonstrate its implementation and performance with real-world data. The computational efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated through benchmarks on specific DSP hardware. The applications for this algorithm, which range from vibration analysis to real-time image processing, are also discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sleefe, GE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0843, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2823-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3374 BP 495 EP 504 DI 10.1117/12.327124 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BL57G UT WOS:000075913400050 ER PT S AU Dunham, D Soukiassian, P Denlinger, JD Tonner, BP Rothenberg, E AF Dunham, D Soukiassian, P Denlinger, JD Tonner, BP Rothenberg, E BE Pensl, G Morkoc, H Monemar, B Janzen, E TI High resolution photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation study of the SiO2/beta-SiC(100)3x2 interface composition SO SILICON CARBIDE, III-NITRIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials (ICSCIII-N 97) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Linkoping Univ, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Cree Res Ltd, Okmetik OY, Epigress AB, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Ericsson Components AB, Thomson CSF, Siemens AG, Daimler Benz AG, City Stockholm, Stockholm Cty Council DE surface; passivation; oxide; interface formation; core level photoemission spectroscopy; synchrotron radiation ID SOFT-X-RAY; SILICON-CARBIDE; SURFACE; OXIDATION AB We use high energy resolution synchrotron radiation core level photoemission spectroscopy to investigate the oxidation of the beta-SiC(100)3x2 surface reconstruction. We find that surface oxidation takes place at low molecular oxygen exposures and low temperatures (below 500 degrees C), and results in the formation of SiO2/beta-SiC(100)3x2 interfaces. Si+, Si2+, Si3+ and Si4+ oxidation states are identified together with a mixed oxidation state involving oxygen atoms bonded to both Si and C atoms as SiOC. The latter bonding configuration is found to be located at the interface between the silicon oxide layer and the silicon carbide substrate. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, DSM, DRECAM,SRSIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris Sud, Dept Phys, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Dunham, D (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RI Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-790-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 264-2 BP 391 EP 394 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61S UT WOS:000072751000093 ER PT S AU Rao, MV Gardner, J Edwards, A Papanicolaou, NA Kelner, G Holand, OW Ghezzo, M Kretchmer, J AF Rao, MV Gardner, J Edwards, A Papanicolaou, NA Kelner, G Holand, OW Ghezzo, M Kretchmer, J BE Pensl, G Morkoc, H Monemar, B Janzen, E TI Ion implantation doping in SiC and its device applications SO SILICON CARBIDE, III-NITRIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials (ICSCIII-N 97) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Linkoping Univ, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Cree Res Ltd, Okmetik OY, Epigress AB, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Ericsson Components AB, Thomson CSF, Siemens AG, Daimler Benz AG, City Stockholm, Stockholm Cty Council DE ion-implantation; doping; compensation; annealing; diode AB Our latest ion-implantation results on SIC are presented. We have performed nitrogen and phosphorous (N/P) co-implantations to obtain very high n-type carrier concentrations, Si and C bombardments for compensating n-type SiC, and V-implantation for compensating p-type SiC. We have also performed N and Al implantations directly into V-doped semi-insulating 6H-SiC substrates. Vertical p-n junction diodes were made by selective area N, P, and NIP implantations into p-type epitaxial layers grown on 6H-SiC substrates. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. GE, Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-790-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 264-2 BP 717 EP 720 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61S UT WOS:000072751000170 ER PT S AU Walukiewicz, W Hsu, L Haller, EE AF Walukiewicz, W Hsu, L Haller, EE BE Pensl, G Morkoc, H Monemar, B Janzen, E TI Two-dimensional electronic transport in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures SO SILICON CARBIDE, III-NITRIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Silicon Carbide, III-Nitrides and Related Materials (ICSCIII-N 97) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Linkoping Univ, ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Cree Res Ltd, Okmetik OY, Epigress AB, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Ericsson Components AB, Thomson CSF, Siemens AG, Daimler Benz AG, City Stockholm, Stockholm Cty Council DE mobility; scattering mechanisms; two-dimensional electron gas ID MOBILITY; GAS; HETEROJUNCTION AB The mobility of a two-dimensional electron gas confined at the AlGaN/GaN interface has been calculated. Maximum low-temperature mobilities close to 10(6) cm(2)/Vs are predicted for optimized modulation doped heterostructures. The calculations indicate that the much lower electron mobility observed in currently available structures can be explained by scattering from unintentionally incorporated charged defects and/or donors. It has been also found that incorporation of 200 Angstrom thick spacer maximizes the electrical conductivity in high purity GaN quantum wells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walukiewicz, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Monemar, Bo/B-3718-2016 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-790-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 264-2 BP 1449 EP 1452 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK61S UT WOS:000072751000345 ER PT B AU Riordan, M AF Riordan, M BE Huff, HR Tsuya, H Gosele, U TI The road to silicon was paved with germanium SO SILICON MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Silicon Materials Science and Technology CY APR 04-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Electr Div AB Although it has now been almost entirely supplanted by silicon, germanium played an important part in the invention of the transistor and the birth of the integrated circuit. I recount this midwife role of germanium and review why silicon eventually replaced it as the semiconductor industry's element of choice. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Riordan, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-193-5 PY 1998 BP 134 EP 142 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49H UT WOS:000075698300008 ER PT B AU Roth, EG Holland, OW Meldrum, A AF Roth, EG Holland, OW Meldrum, A BE Huff, HR Tsuya, H Gosele, U TI Manipulating ion-induced defects to improve implantation processing of silicon SO SILICON MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Silicon Materials Science and Technology CY APR 04-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Electr Div AB The understanding of defects and their effects has become a critical issue in ion-implantation processing of aggressively designed integrated circuits. A "new" understanding of these interactions has recently emerged which holds that the total number of defects do not contribute as significantly to processing problems as do the excess defects, where "excess defects" represents a local surplus of one defect over its compliment. The purpose of this study is to engineer ion-induced defects in an effort to either control or eliminate these local imbalances. A technique was used to selectively eliminate interstitial-type defects typically found at the amorphous-crystal (a-c) interface following regrowth of an amorphous layer. This technique involved a method in which high-energy ions were used to inject vacancies into the near-surface region to act as recombination sites for the interstitials. Studies were done on pre-amorphized Si substrates with and without a prior MeV implant of Si+-ions. These comparative studies indicate that without MeV implantation, significant damage persists at the location of the a-c interface even after 800 degrees C annealing. The damage was absent in the sample implanted with MeV Si+-ions. Thus, the interfacial defects from the amorphizing implant, believed to be responsible for the enhanced diffusion of boron implanted within an amorphous layer, have been successfully eliminated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Roth, EG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-193-5 PY 1998 BP 938 EP 947 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49H UT WOS:000075698300067 ER PT B AU Myers, SM Petersen, GA Follstaedt, DM Seager, CH Headley, TJ Michael, JR Deweerd, W Koops, G Verheyden, J Pattyn, H AF Myers, SM Petersen, GA Follstaedt, DM Seager, CH Headley, TJ Michael, JR Deweerd, W Koops, G Verheyden, J Pattyn, H BE Huff, HR Tsuya, H Gosele, U TI Segregation gettering by implantation-formed cavities and B-Si precipitates in silicon SO SILICON MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Silicon Materials Science and Technology CY APR 04-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Electr Div AB We show that Fe, Co, Cu, and Au in Si undergo strong segregation gettering to cavities and B-Si precipitates formed by He or B ion implantation and annealing. The respective mechanisms are argued to be chemisorption on the cavity walls and occupation of solution sites within the disordered, B-rich, B-Si phase. The strengths of the reactions are evaluated, enabling prediction of gettering performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Myers, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-193-5 PY 1998 BP 1150 EP 1161 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49H UT WOS:000075698300083 ER PT B AU Venezia, VC Haynes, TE Agarwal, A Eaglesham, DJ Holland, OW Weldon, MK Chabal, YJ AF Venezia, VC Haynes, TE Agarwal, A Eaglesham, DJ Holland, OW Weldon, MK Chabal, YJ BE Huff, HR Tsuya, H Gosele, U TI The role of implantation damage in the production of silicon-on-insulator films by co-implantation of He+ and H+ SO SILICON MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Silicon Materials Science and Technology CY APR 04-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Electr Div AB Recent work has demonstrated that the process of silicon thin-film separation by hydrogen implantation, as well as the more basic phenomenon of surface blistering, can occur at a much lower total dose when H and He are co-implanted than when H is implanted alone (1). Building on that work, this paper investigates the role of implantation damage in this process by separating the contributions of gas pressure from those of damage. Three different experiments using co-implantation were designed. In the first of these experiments, H and He implants were spatially separated thereby separating the damage from each implant. The second experiment involved co-implantation of H and He at a temperature of 77 K to retain a larger amount of damage for the same gas dose. In the third experiment, Li was co-implanted with H, to create additional damage without introducing additional gas. These experiments together show that increasing the implantation damage itself hampers the formation of surface blisters, and that the increased efficiency observed for He co-implantation with H is due to the supplementary source of gas provided by the He (1). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Venezia, VC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008,MS-6048, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Chabal, Yves/A-5998-2011; Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Chabal, Yves/0000-0002-6435-0347; Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-193-5 PY 1998 BP 1385 EP 1394 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BL49H UT WOS:000075698300102 ER PT J AU Lefort, F Lally, M Thompson, D Douglas, GC AF Lefort, F Lally, M Thompson, D Douglas, GC TI Morphological traits, microsatellite fingerprinting and genetic relatedness of a stand of elite oaks (Q-robur L.) at Tullynally, Ireland SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; Quercus; repeated DNA; SSR ID QUERCUS-MACROCARPA; BUR OAK AB A morphological and molecular characterisation of phenotypically elite oaks (Quercus robur L.) which were estimated as 220 years old was undertaken to test the utility of molecular tools to examine the genetic origin of the stand. The 11 trees shared many excellent characteristics in tree form. Quantitatively, DBH ranged from 104 cm to 126.5 cm and stem height from 10 m to 25.5 m. The molecular analysis using microsatellites for nine genetic loci was on five trees. It concluded that the trees were not closely related. This small sample showed many polymorphisms and much heterozygosity. Loci AG16 and AG 9 showed 9 and 8 different alleles respectively while :Loci AG1/2 and Ag15 displayed 3 and 5 alleles among the five trees. At least two trees had a three-band profile for some loci indicating potential triploidy. The historical records of the estate refers to one elite tree in 1837 and the detail of its description suggests it may correspond to one extant today. It also suggests an active silvicultural management and the practise of coppicing with standards. Such management may have resulted in this excellent stand by conversion of a natural woodland in stages starting with coppice, leading to coppice with standards, then to high forest and ultimately to a parkland stand. C1 TEAGASC, Agr & Food Dev Author, Kinsealy Res Ctr, Dublin 17, Ireland. Coillte Teoranta, Irish Forestry Board, Res Lab, Newtownmountkennedy, Co Wicklow, Ireland. Univ Crete, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Physiol & Biotechnol, GR-71409 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. RP Lefort, F (reprint author), TEAGASC, Agr & Food Dev Author, Kinsealy Res Ctr, Malahide Rd, Dublin 17, Ireland. EM GDouglas@kin-sealy.teagasc.ie NR 21 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1998 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 190NG UT WOS:000079969800004 ER PT B AU Maudlin, PJ Tome, CN Kaschner, GC Gray, GT AF Maudlin, PJ Tome, CN Kaschner, GC Gray, GT BE Huetink, J Baaijens, FPT TI Introduction of polycrystal constitutive laws in a finite element code with applications to zirconium forming SO SIMULATION OF MATERIALS PROCESSING: THEORY, METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes (NUMIFORM 98) CY JUN 22-25, 1998 CL ENSCHEDE, NETHERLANDS AB In this work we simulate the compressive deformation of heavily textured zirconium sheet using a finite element code with the constitutive response given by a polycrystal self-consistent model. We show that the strong anisotropy of the response can be explained in terms of the texture and the relative activity of prismatic (easy) and pyramidal (hard) slip modes. Our simulations capture the yield anisotropy observed for so-called "through-thickness'' and "in-plane" compression tests in terms of the loading curves and final specimen geometries. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Maudlin, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-970-X PY 1998 BP 309 EP 313 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BL65A UT WOS:000076169800044 ER PT B AU Malladi, R Sethian, JA AF Malladi, R Sethian, JA GP IEEE TI A real-time algorithm for medical shape recovery SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computer Vision CY JAN 04-07, 1998 CL BOMBAY, INDIA SP IEEE Comp Soc AB In this paper, we present a shape recovery technique in 2D and 3D with specific applications in visualizing and measuring anatomical shapes from medical images. This algorithm models extremely corrugated structures like the brain, is topologically adaptable, is robust, and runs in O(NlogN) time where N is the total number of points in the domain. Our two-stage technique is based on the level set shape recovery scheme introduced in [11, 12, 4] and the fast marching method in [19] for computing solutions to static Hamilton-Jacobi equations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Malladi, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-221-9 PY 1998 BP 304 EP 310 DI 10.1109/ICCV.1998.710735 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BL47P UT WOS:000075656000042 ER PT B AU Peterfreund, N AF Peterfreund, N GP IEEE TI Robust tracking with spatiovelocity snakes: Kalman filtering approach SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Computer Vision CY JAN 04-07, 1998 CL BOMBAY, INDIA SP IEEE Comp Soc AB Using results from robust Kalman filtering, we present a new Kalman filter-based snake model for tracking of nonrigid objects in combined spatio-velocity space. The proposed model is the stochastic version of the velocity snake which is an active contour model for combined tracking of position and velocity of nonrigid boundaries, The proposed model uses image gradient and optical flow measurements along the contour as system measurements. An optical-flow based measurement error is used to detect and reject image measurements which correspond to image clutter or to other objects. The method wets applied to object tracking of both rigid and nonrigid objects, resulting in good tracking results and robustness to image clutter, occlusions and numerical noise. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peterfreund, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI NEW DELHI PA 22 DARYAGANJ, DELHI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION RD, NEW DELHI 110 002, INDIA BN 81-7319-221-9 PY 1998 BP 433 EP 439 DI 10.1109/ICCV.1998.710755 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BL47P UT WOS:000075656000062 ER PT B AU Mah, BA Sholander, P Martinez, L Tolendino, L AF Mah, BA Sholander, P Martinez, L Tolendino, L BE Boukerche, A Das, SK Williamson, C Wilsey, P TI IPB: An Internet protocol benchmark using simulated traffic SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MODELING, ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS 98) CY JUL 19-24, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IFIPS, IBM, Canada, CAE, Canada, CRIM, Montreal, IEEE, Montreal Sect, Univ N Texas Denton AB A common shortcoming of many network measurement programs is that their metrics are not expressed in terms directly applicable to applications and users. To address this problem, we have developed the IP Benchmark (IPB), a benchmark program that synthetically generates traffic to simulate the network activity of common Internet applications. It measures the performance experienced by the simulated applications, and expresses that performance in terms of application-specific metrics. After presenting some details of the design and implementation of IPB, we show how we use it to measure HTTP performance along various long-delay, lossy ATM links, such as might be found in satellite or wireless ATM environments. These link themselves are simulated by using a BBN Long link Emulator, which adds delays and errors to local-area OC-3 links. Finally, we present some preliminary results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mah, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9011, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8566-2 PY 1998 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1109/MASCOT.1998.693678 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BL38T UT WOS:000075345800011 ER PT S AU Sokolov, MA McCabe, DE Davidov, YA Nanstad, RK AF Sokolov, MA McCabe, DE Davidov, YA Nanstad, RK BE Corwin, WR Rosinski, ST VanWalle, E TI Use of precracked charpy and smaller specimens to establish the master curve SO SMALL SPECIMEN TEST TECHNIQUES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Small Specimen Test Techniques CY JAN 13-14, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP ASTM Comm E-10 DE master curve; precracked Charpy; weakest-link theory; Weibull distribution; reactor pressure vessel; fracture toughness AB The current provisions used in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations for the determination of the fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel steels employs an assumption that there is a direct correlation between K-Ic lower-bound toughness and the Charpy V-notch transition curve. Such correlations are subject to scatter from both approaches which weakens the reliability of fracture mechanics-based analyses. In this study, precracked Charpy and smaller size specimens are used in three-point static bend testing to develop fracture mechanics based K-Jc values. The testing is performed under carefully controlled conditions such that the values can be used to predict the fracture toughness performance of large specimens. The concept of a universal transition curve (master curve) is applied. Data scatter that is characteristic of commercial grade steels and their weldments is handled by Weibull statistical modeling. The master curve is developed to describe the median K-Jc fracture toughness for 1T size compact specimens. Size effects are modeled using weakest-link theory and are studied for different specimen geometries. It is shown that precracked Charpy specimens when tested within their confined validity limits follow the weakest-link size-adjustment trend and predict the fracture toughness of larger specimens. Specimens of smaller than Charpy sizes (5 mm thick) exhibit some disparities in results relative to weakest-link size adjustment prediction suggesting that application of such adjustment to very small specimens may have some limitations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokolov, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2476-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1329 BP 238 EP 252 DI 10.1520/STP37994S PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BM48J UT WOS:000078875000016 ER PT S AU Hamilton, ML Hankin, GL Gelles, DS AF Hamilton, ML Hankin, GL Gelles, DS BE Corwin, WR Rosinski, ST VanWalle, E TI The use of shear punch testing to clarify the consequences of helium production in the deformation of isotopically tailored ferritic alloys SO SMALL SPECIMEN TEST TECHNIQUES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Small Specimen Test Techniques CY JAN 13-14, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP ASTM Comm E-10 DE shear punch; ferritic alloys; helium; isotopic tailoring AB The shear punch test was used to evaluate the: strengthening associated with the production of helium in model Fe-Cr-Ni alloys during irradiation in HFIR at 300-600 degrees C. Four alloys. were considered, a base alloy of composition Fe-12Cr and three alloys with 1.5% Ni, doped isotopically to contain Ni-60, natural nickel or Ni-59. The addition of nickel in any isotopic balance significantly strengthened the base alloy, and as expected, the strength of the alloys decreased with increasing irradiation temperature. Helium itself, however, up to the 75 appm produced over 7 dpa appeared to have little effect on the strength of the alloys. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hamilton, ML (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2476-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1998 VL 1329 BP 614 EP 619 DI 10.1520/STP38016S PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BM48J UT WOS:000078875000038 ER PT S AU Yarberry, VR AF Yarberry, VR BE Varadan, VK McWhorter, PJ Singer, RA Vellekoop, MJ TI MEMS design rule checking: a batch approach for remote operation SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1998: SMART ELECTRONICS AND MEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Smart Electronics and MEMS CY MAR 02-04, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp DE MEMS; DRC; AutoCAD; design rule check; DXF AB This paper describes a design rule checking (DRC) tool developed as an aid for designing microelectromechanical structures (MEMS) using AutoCAD(R) running on a Windows NT workstation. The application suite, MEMSdrc, consists of: a graphical user interface integrated into AutoCADR(R) to invoke DRC, translation and interface software to communicate with a commercial IC layout design checking software package, and routines to interactively display and review the results. The user interface provides the capability to select a checking window area and specific DRC rules to be applied to the design. The MEMS structures, defined as 2D AutoCAD(R) geometry are translated first into DXF format, then to GDSII format. A remote process transfers the files to a Unix workstation where Mentor Graphics ICverify is invoked to perform the layout design rule checks. Upon completion, the results are translated into DXF geometry and returned back to the Windows NT workstation to be overlaid onto the original design. A set of icons are provided for the user to interactively review the results inside of AutoCAD(R) using a first/next/previous technique. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yarberry, VR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 1072, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2772-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3328 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.320190 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL49P UT WOS:000075701400004 ER PT S AU Britton, CL Warmack, RJ Smith, SF Oden, PI Brown, GA Bryan, WL Clonts, LG Duncan, MG Emery, MS Ericson, MN Hu, Z Jones, RL Moore, MR Moore, JA Rochelle, JM Threatt, TD Thundat, T Turner, GW Wintenberg, AL AF Britton, CL Warmack, RJ Smith, SF Oden, PI Brown, GA Bryan, WL Clonts, LG Duncan, MG Emery, MS Ericson, MN Hu, Z Jones, RL Moore, MR Moore, JA Rochelle, JM Threatt, TD Thundat, T Turner, GW Wintenberg, AL BE Varadan, VK McWhorter, PJ Singer, RA Vellekoop, MJ TI MEMS sensors and wireless telemetry for distributed systems SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1998: SMART ELECTRONICS AND MEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Smart Electronics and MEMS CY MAR 02-04, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp DE MEMS; micro-cantilevers; sensors; wireless; telemetry; CMOS AB Selectively coated cantilevers are being developed at ORNL for chemical and biological sensing. The sensitivity can exceed that of other electro-mechanical devices as parts-per-trillion detection can be demonstrated for certain species. We are now proceeding to develop systems that employ electrically readable microcantilevers in a standard MEMS process and standard CMOS processes. One of our primary areas of interest is chemical sensing for environmental applications. Towards this end, we are presently developing electronic readout of a mercury-sensitive coated cantilever. In order to field arrays of distributed sensors, a wireless network for data reporting is needed. For this, we are developing on-chip spread-spectrum encoding and modulation circuitry to improve the robustness and security of sensor data in typical interference- and multipath-impaired environments. We have also provided for a selection of distinct spreading codes to serve groups of sensors in a common environment by the application of code-division multiple-access techniques. Most of the RF circuitry we have designed and fabricated in 0.5 mu m CMOS has been tested and verified operational to above 1 GHz. Our initial intended operation is for use in the 915 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. This paper presents measured data on the microcantilever-based mercury detector. We will also present design data and measurements of the RF telemetry chip. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Britton, CL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2772-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3328 BP 112 EP 123 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL49P UT WOS:000075701400013 ER PT S AU Simpson, M Sayler, G Nivens, D Ripp, S Paulus, M Jellison, G AF Simpson, M Sayler, G Nivens, D Ripp, S Paulus, M Jellison, G BE Varadan, VK McWhorter, PJ Singer, RA Vellekoop, MJ TI Bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuits (BBICs) SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1998: SMART ELECTRONICS AND MEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Smart Electronics and MEMS CY MAR 02-04, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp DE biosensors; low-level light detection; integrated sensors; bio-MEMS AB As the workhorse of the integrated circuit (IC) industry, the capabilities of CMOS have been expanded well beyond the original applications. The full spectrum of analog circuits from switched-capacitor filters to microwave circuit blocks, and from general-purpose operational amplifiers to sub-nanosecond analog timing circuits for nuclear physics experiments have been implemented in CMOS. This technology has also made in-roads into the growing area of monolithic sensors with devices such as active-pixel sensors and other electro-optical detection devices. While many of the precesses used for MEMS fabrication are not compatible with the CMOS IC process, depositing a sensor material onto a previously fabricated CMOS circuit can create a very useful category of sensors. In this work we report a chemical sensor composed of bioluminescent bioreporters (genetically engineered bacteria) deposited onto a micro-luminometer fabricated in a standard CMOS IC process. The bioreporter used for this work emitted 490-nm light when exposed to toluene. This luminescence was detected by the micro-luminometer giving an indication of the concentration of toluene. Other bioluminescent bioreporters sensitive to explosives, mercury, and other organic chemicals and heavy metals have been reported. These could be incorporated (individually or in combination) with the micro-luminometer reported here to form a variety of chemical sensors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Simpson, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Ripp, Steven/B-2305-2008 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Ripp, Steven/0000-0002-6836-1764 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2772-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3328 BP 202 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.320171 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL49P UT WOS:000075701400022 ER PT S AU Polosky, MA Garcia, EJ Allen, JJ AF Polosky, MA Garcia, EJ Allen, JJ BE Varadan, VK McWhorter, PJ Singer, RA Vellekoop, MJ TI Surface micromachined counter-meshing gears discrimination device SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1998: SMART ELECTRONICS AND MEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Smart Electronics and MEMS CY MAR 02-04, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, BFGoodrich Aerosp DE stronglinks; counter-meshing gears; discriminators; coded devices; lock-out mechanisms AB This paper discusses the design, fabrication and testing of a surface micromachined Counter-Meshing Gears (CMG) discrimination device which functions as a mechanically coded lock. A 24 bit code is input to unlock the device. Once unlocked, the device provides a path for an energy or information signal to pass through the device. The device is designed to immediately lock up if any portion of the 24 bit code is incorrect. The motivation for the development of this device is based on occurrences referred to as High Consequence Events. A High Consequence Event is an event where an inadvertent operation of a system could result in the catastrophic loss of life, property, or damage to the environment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Polosky, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2772-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3328 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1117/12.320189 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL49P UT WOS:000075701400039 ER PT S AU Guzik, JA AF Guzik, JA GP EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY TI Solar structure: Models and inferences from helioseismology SO SOHO 6/GONG 98 WORKSHOP ON STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE INTERIOR OF THE SUN AND SUN-LIKE STARS, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SESSIONS I-III, VOL 2: SESSIONS IV-VI SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO 6/GONG 98 Workshop on Structure and Dynamics of the Interior of the Sun and Sun-Like Stars CY JUN 01-04, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP European Space Agcy, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ ID STELLAR TURBULENT CONVECTION; ELEMENT DIFFUSION; HEAVY-ELEMENT; STATE; EQUATION; SUN; OPACITIES; ENVELOPES; INTERIOR; HELIUM AB In this review I summarize results published during approximately the last three years concerning the state of one-dimensional solar interior modeling. I discuss the effects of refinements to the input physics, motivated by improving, the agreement between calculated and observed solar oscillation frequencies, or between calculated and inferred solar structure. I have omitted two- and three-dimensional aspects of the solar structure, such as the rotation profile, detailed modeling of turbulent convection, and magnetic fields, although further progress in refining solar interior models may require including such two- and three-dimensional dynamical effects. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guzik, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-672-4 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1998 VL 418 BP 417 EP 425 PN 1&2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BM37B UT WOS:000078509100079 ER PT B AU Jastrow, JD Miller, RM AF Jastrow, JD Miller, RM BE Lal, R Kimble, JM Follett, RF Stewart, BA TI Soil aggregate stabilization and carbon sequestration: Feedbacks through organomineral associations SO SOIL PROCESSES AND THE CARBON CYCLE SE ADVANCES IN SOIL SCIENCE-BOCA RATON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soils CY JUL, 1996 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH SP USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Agr Res Serv, Forest Serv, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Ohio State Univ HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 US DOE, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jastrow, JD (reprint author), US DOE, Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 18 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-7441-3 J9 ADV SOIL S PY 1998 BP 207 EP 223 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BK14T UT WOS:000071337600015 ER PT J AU Kolb, GJ AF Kolb, GJ TI Economic evaluation of solar-only and hybrid power towers using molten-salt technology SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Several hybrid and solar-only configurations for molten-salt power towers were evaluated with a simple economic model, appropriate for screening analysis. The solar-specific aspects of these plants were highlighted. In general, hybrid power towers were shown to be economically superior to solar-only plants with the same field size. Furthermore, the power-booster hybrid approach was generally preferred over the fuel-saver hybrid approach. Using today's power tower technology, economic viability for the solar power-boost occurs at fuel costs in the neighborhood of $8.90 to $15/MW h ($2.60 to $4.40/MBtu, low heating value) depending on whether coal-based or gas-turbine-based technology is being offset. These fuel prices exist today in certain areas of the world (e.g. India). The cost of CO2 avoidance was also calculated for solar cases in which the fossil fuel cost was too low for solar to be economically viable. The avoidance costs are competitive with other proposed methods of removing CO2 from fossil-fired power plants and appear to be within the range of interest (<$29/mt) to environmental protection organizations such as the Global Environmental Facility. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Thermal Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kolb, GJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Thermal Technol Dept, MS 0703, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(97)00075-3 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA YR729 UT WOS:000071524400006 ER PT B AU Durham, WB Kirby, SH Stern, LA AF Durham, WB Kirby, SH Stern, LA BE Schmitt, B deBergh, C Festou, M TI Rheology of planetary ices SO SOLAR SYSTEM ICES SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Solar System Ices CY MAR 27-30, 1995 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm Grenoble, Observ Paris, Dept Rech Spatiale AB Laboratory measurements of the brittle and ductile behavior of several of the major icy planetary building materials have been made: water ice phases I through VI, ices in the ammonia-water system, mixtures of water ice plus particulates, and methane clathrate. All the materials measured thus far are sufficiently ductile that they can be expected to participate in convective motion in planetary interiors, and the quantitative rheological laws presented here provide constraints for models of evolutionary and present-day processes on icy moons of the solar system. Some unusual behavior is worth special note: ice III is several orders of magnitude less viscous than the other water ice phases. Ammonia dihydrate has a strength that is so temperature sensitive that, although it melts near 176 K, it becomes as strong as ice I after a decrease in temperature of only 23 K. Because of the extrapolation over many orders of magnitude in strain rate from the laboratory to planetary interiors, some of the material strength values calculated on the basis of the laboratory data may be only upper bounds on strength in the planetary setting. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4902-4 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1998 VL 227 BP 63 EP 78 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BK50L UT WOS:000072382900003 ER PT S AU Griffith, ML Schlienger, ME Harwell, LD Oliver, MS Baldwin, MD Ensz, MT Smugeresky, JE Essien, M Brooks, J Robino, CV Hofmeister, WH Wert, MJ Nelson, DV AF Griffith, ML Schlienger, ME Harwell, LD Oliver, MS Baldwin, MD Ensz, MT Smugeresky, JE Essien, M Brooks, J Robino, CV Hofmeister, WH Wert, MJ Nelson, DV BE Marcus, HL Beaman, JJ Bourell, DL Barlow, JW Crawford, RH TI Thermal behavior in the LENS process SO SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS, AUGUST, 1998 SE SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, TX SP DARPA, Rapid Prototyping Assoc, Soc Mfg Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Univ Connecticut Storrs, Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn Dept, Lab Freeform Fabricat, Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst HO UNIV TEXAS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Griffith, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN PI AUSTIN PA MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, AUSTIN, TX 00000 USA SN 1053-2153 J9 SOL FREEFORM FABRIC PY 1998 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BN63N UT WOS:000082420400009 ER PT S AU Schlienger, E Griffith, M Oliver, M Romero, JA Smugeresky, J AF Schlienger, E Griffith, M Oliver, M Romero, JA Smugeresky, J BE Marcus, HL Beaman, JJ Bourell, DL Barlow, JW Crawford, RH TI Sacrificial materials for the fabrication of complex geometries with LENS SO SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS, AUGUST, 1998 SE SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, TX SP DARPA, Rapid Prototyping Assoc, Soc Mfg Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Univ Connecticut Storrs, Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn Dept, Lab Freeform Fabricat, Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst HO UNIV TEXAS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schlienger, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN PI AUSTIN PA MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, AUSTIN, TX 00000 USA SN 1053-2153 J9 SOL FREEFORM FABRIC PY 1998 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BN63N UT WOS:000082420400021 ER PT S AU Ensz, MT Griffith, ML Harwell, LD AF Ensz, MT Griffith, ML Harwell, LD BE Marcus, HL Beaman, JJ Bourell, DL Barlow, JW Crawford, RH TI Software development for Laser Engineered Net Shaping SO SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS, AUGUST, 1998 SE SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, TX SP DARPA, Rapid Prototyping Assoc, Soc Mfg Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Univ Connecticut Storrs, Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn Dept, Lab Freeform Fabricat, Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst HO UNIV TEXAS AB Laser Engineered Net Shaping, also known as LENS(TM), is an advanced manufacturing technique used to fabricate near-net shaped, fully dense metal components directly from computer solid models without the use of traditional machining processes. The LENS(TM) process uses a high powered laser to create a molten pool into which powdered metal is injected and solidified. Like many SFF techniques, LENS(TM) parts are made through a layer additive process. In the current system, for any given layer, the laser is held stationary, while the part and its associated substrate is moved, allowing for the each layer's geometry to be formed. Individual layers are generated by tracing out the desired border, followed by filling in the remaining volume. Recent research into LENS(TM) has highlighted the sensitivity of the processes to multiple software controllable parameters such as substrate travel velocity, border representation, and fill patterns. This research is aimed at determining optimal border outlines and fill patterns for LENS(TM) and at developing the associated software necessary for automating the creation of the desired motion control. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ensz, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN PI AUSTIN PA MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, AUSTIN, TX 00000 USA SN 1053-2153 J9 SOL FREEFORM FABRIC PY 1998 BP 359 EP 365 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BN63N UT WOS:000082420400039 ER PT S AU King, BH Morissette, SL Denham, H Cesarano, J Dimos, D AF King, BH Morissette, SL Denham, H Cesarano, J Dimos, D BE Marcus, HL Beaman, JJ Bourell, DL Barlow, JW Crawford, RH TI Influence of rheology on deposition behavior of ceramic pastes in direct fabrication systems SO SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS, AUGUST, 1998 SE SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, TX SP DARPA, Rapid Prototyping Assoc, Soc Mfg Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Univ Connecticut Storrs, Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn Dept, Lab Freeform Fabricat, Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst HO UNIV TEXAS AB Rheology and deposition behavior of four commercially available thick-film inks and an aqueous alumina slurry were investigated using two different slurry-based deposition systems. The first of these deposition systems, a Micropen, is a commercially available system designed for the deposition of electronic thick film circuits. The second system, referred to as a Robocaster, is a developmental system designed to build thick or structural parts. Slurry rheology was seen to have a minor effect on deposition behavior and the bead shape when deposited using the Micropen. The deposition behavior was instead dominated by drying rate; too rapid of a drying rate led to excessive clogging of the tip. Slurry rheology had a greater impact on the shape of beads deposited using the Robocaster. Highly viscous slurries yielded initially well-defined beads, whereas beads deposited using fluid slurries spread quickly. In both cases, significant spreading occurred with time. These observations only held for slurries with slow drying rates. It was observed that very fluid slurries produced well-defined beads when the drying rate was suitably high. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bhking@sandia.gov; slmoris@sandia.gov; hbdenha@sandia.gov; jcesara@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN PI AUSTIN PA MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, AUSTIN, TX 00000 USA SN 1053-2153 J9 SOL FREEFORM FABRIC PY 1998 BP 391 EP 398 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BN63N UT WOS:000082420400043 ER PT S AU Cesarano, J King, BH Denham, HB AF Cesarano, J King, BH Denham, HB BE Marcus, HL Beaman, JJ Bourell, DL Barlow, JW Crawford, RH TI Recent developments in robocasting of ceramics and multimaterial deposition SO SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS, AUGUST, 1998 SE SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION PROCEEDINGS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) Symposium CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, TX SP DARPA, Rapid Prototyping Assoc, Soc Mfg Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Univ Connecticut Storrs, Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn Dept, Lab Freeform Fabricat, Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst HO UNIV TEXAS AB Robocasting is a freeform fabrication technique for dense ceramics and composites that is based on layer-wise deposition of highly loaded colloidal slurries. The process is essentially binderless with less than 1% organics and parts can be fabricated, dried, and completely sintered in less than 24 hours. This overview will highlight recent materials developments for structural applications and modelling of slurry flow. Fabrication of preforms for alumina/metal composites will be discussed as well as techniques for multimaterial deposition in both graded structures and discrete placement of fugitive materials. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cesarano, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU UNIV TEXAS AUSTIN PI AUSTIN PA MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT, AUSTIN, TX 00000 USA SN 1053-2153 J9 SOL FREEFORM FABRIC PY 1998 BP 697 EP 703 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BN63N UT WOS:000082420400080 ER PT J AU Vo, NV Ostenson, JE Willis, JO Smith, JL Liu, HK Dou, SX AF Vo, NV Ostenson, JE Willis, JO Smith, JL Liu, HK Dou, SX TI Magnetization studies and irreversibility behavior of high-T-c superconducting Bi(Pb)-2223 multifilamentary Ag-sheathed PIT tapes prepared from differently synthesized precursor powders SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITIES; ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT; PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURE; WIRES AB Magnetization measurements performed at 5 K and irreversibility behavior of (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x (or (Bi(Pb)-2223) multifilamentary (MF) Ag-sheathed tapes under H parallel to c over a temperature range from 5 to 77 K have been investigated for short samples cut from fully processed longer length tapes. The sample containing the precursor powder prepared from the method of solution route (spray-pyrolysis) showed an enhancement in irreversibility behavior over those with precursor powders prepared by solid-state reaction means (two powder route and dry mixing). All MF Bi(Pb)-2223 samples exhibited an exponential magnetic critical current density dependence beyond 1 T field at 5 K with H parallel to c, which is typical of flux creep. The field dependence of irreversibility temperature obtained from field-cooled and zero field-cooled magnetization curves for intermediate-rolled and -pressed uni-axially monocore and MF Bi(Pb)-2223 Ag-cladded tapes have also been investigated. Improvement in core pinning from irreversibility behavior of monocore tapes compared with the MF samples can be attributed to better microstructure and grain orientation. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Wollongong, Inst Mat Technol & Mfg, Ctr Superconducting & Elect Mat, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RP Vo, NV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gupta, Vishnu/B-9839-2009; Dou, Shi Xue/D-5179-2012; ayyadevara, rajaram/D-1572-2009; Liu, Hua/G-1349-2012 OI Dou, Shi Xue/0000-0003-3824-7693; Liu, Hua/0000-0002-0253-647X NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 1998 VL 108 IS 5 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(98)00325-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130CT UT WOS:000076502200011 ER PT J AU Islam, Z Detlefs, C Goldman, AI Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Zheludev, A AF Islam, Z Detlefs, C Goldman, AI Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Zheludev, A TI The magnetic structures of DyNi2Ge2 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; phase transitions; neutron scattering ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DYNI2SI2; TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING; TBNI2SI2; GDNI2B2C AB In this paper we report the results of neutron diffraction measurements of the magnetic structures of a single crystal of DyNi2Ge2 in zero applied magnetic field. There are two distinct magnetic transitions in this material; one is from the paramagnetic phase to an amplitude modulated (AM) antiferromagnetic phase at the Neel temperature, T-N = 8.3+/-0.1 K, and the other is at a lower temperature, T-t = 3.1+/-0.2 K, from this phase to an equal moment (EM) antiferromagnetic structure. The EM structure is described by a set of three wave vectors, namely, tau(1) = (0 0 3/4), tau(2) = (1/2 1/2 0) and tau(3) = (1/2 1/2 1/2). A weak third harmonic, tau(1) = (0 0 1/4), related to tau(1), also appears indicating that the magnetic structure is not purely sinusoidal. In this phase Dy moments have their full saturation value of mu(s) = 10 mu(B). The AM phase is described by a single propagation vector tau(1). In both the phases there is an ordered component of the Dy moments in the basal plane. The angle between the ordered Dy moments and the the (c) over bar axis is estimated to be 17 degrees+/-6 degrees at 1.5 K. These results are consistent with the de susceptibility as a function of temperature data which shows weak anisotropy and two transitions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Islam, Z (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM zahirul@iastate.edu RI Detlefs, Carsten/B-6244-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Detlefs, Carsten/0000-0003-2573-2286; NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 1998 VL 108 IS 6 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(98)00387-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130CU UT WOS:000076502300008 ER PT J AU Shen, YR AF Shen, YR TI 1998 Frank Isakson prize address - Sum frequency generation for vibrational spectroscopy: Applications to water interfaces and films of water and ice SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB Infrared-visible sum-frequency generation can be used for vibrational spectroscopy. It is an ideal probe for surface or interfacial studies of media with inversion symmetry. It can also be used to probe polar ordering in a medium without inversion symmetry. With this technique, we have obtained several interesting results on water and ice: namely, the surface water structure is ice-like, no surface melting is evident at the quartz/ice interface and ice films grown on Pt(1 1 1) can be ferroelectric. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shen, YR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 1998 VL 108 IS 7 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(98)00399-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 132TD UT WOS:000076645400001 ER PT J AU Foo, JAC Stampfl, APJ Mattern, B Ziegler, A Hollering, M Ley, L Riley, JD Leckey, RCG AF Foo, JAC Stampfl, APJ Mattern, B Ziegler, A Hollering, M Ley, L Riley, JD Leckey, RCG TI The Fermi surface dimensions of disordered Cu3Au as determined by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE metals; electronic band structure; photoelectron spectroscopies; synchrotron radiation ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PARTIAL DENSITIES; NOBLE-METALS; COPPER; STATES; ALLOY; GOLD; CU AB The bulk Fermi surface of the disordered phase of Cu3Au has been experimentally mapped using angle resolved constant initial state (CIS) photoemission spectroscopy. The shape of the Fermi surface in the (11(2) over bar) plane has been determined using only those transitions which could be identified from the Fermi surface to primary cone free electron bands. A Fourier series formula, using a linear combination of coefficients for the Fermi surfaces of Cu and Au has been found to be in good agreement with the experimentally determined Fermi surface of disordered Cu3Au. Furthermore, the neck radius, determined absolutely in k-space, was found to be smaller than the neck radius of Cu by similar to 10%; a difference which may be explained by the presence of Au and the sensitivity of the neck region to changes in the crystal potential. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 La Trobe Univ, Sch Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Tech Phys 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Foo, JAC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Register, CMSS/G-7191-2015 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 1998 VL 107 IS 8 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(98)00279-8 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 105TR UT WOS:000075090100002 ER PT J AU Cohen, ML AF Cohen, ML TI Predicting new materials and their properties SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Advancing Frontiers of Condensed Matter Science CY OCT 13-14, 1997 CL UNIV PENN, PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Penn, Lab Res Struct Matter, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Solid State Commun HO UNIV PENN DE fullerenes; nanostructures; semiconductors; electronic band structure; mechanical properties ID NONLOCAL-PSEUDOPOTENTIAL APPROACH; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON NANOTUBES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DIAMOND; SOLIDS; NANOCRYSTALS; FORMALISM; TUBULES; PHASES AB For a large fraction of solids, it is now possible to construct a useful first-principles model which is sufficiently robust to explain and predict physical properties and to predict the existence of new materials. This "standard model" is described and its use in the development of empirical theories and in determining properties of novel materials are discussed along with some historical perspectives about this area of physics. Examples are given of applications to semiconductors, high pressure properties of solids, superconductivity, nanotubes and nanodevices, fullerenes and superhard materials. Speculations about future developments are also given. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 EI 1879-2766 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 1998 VL 107 IS 11 BP 589 EP 596 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(98)00213-0 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 113KV UT WOS:000075550900002 ER PT J AU Su, X Zuo, F Schlueter, JA Kelly, ME Williams, JM AF Su, X Zuo, F Schlueter, JA Kelly, ME Williams, JM TI Dynamic disorders and its relaxation in organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE organic crystals; electronic transport; order-disorder effects; phase transitions ID KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)2CUBR; TRANSITION AB In this paper, we report direct evidence of dynamic structural disorders introduced by quenching a crystal of charge transfer salt kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br superconductor from high temperatures to 77 K. The sample quenched from different high temperatures relaxes to an equilibrium state with a single relaxation time constant. The magnitude of the relaxation amplitude is dependent on the quenching temperature up to 140 K, above which all relaxation curves overlap with each other. The results suggest strongly that the 140 K is associated with the onset temperature of the order-disorder transition of ethylene groups and the transition is responsible for the anomalous lattice expansion observed at this temperature. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Su, X (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM zuo@phyvax.ir.miami.edu NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 1998 VL 107 IS 12 BP 731 EP 734 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(98)00294-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 115VT UT WOS:000075687200004 ER PT J AU Yang, ZJ AF Yang, ZJ TI Interaction between a magnetic dipole and a superconducting sphere SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FORCE; PLANE AB On the basis of the Meissner effect and the London theory of superconductivity, we theoretically studied the interaction between a magnetic point dipole and a superconducting sphere. Furthermore, the force acting on the tip of a magnetic force microscope from a superconducting sphere was derived on the basis of the London theory of superconductivity. For a micro-system, we derived an analytical expression of the repelling forces as a function of the London penetration depth lambda(T) and suggest an experimental method to measure lambda(T) as a function of temperature T. From the model study, we show the invalidity of the frequency used image method for some superconductor-magnet systems. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, ZJ (reprint author), Lucent Technol Inc, 2000 N Naperville Rd, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 1998 VL 107 IS 12 BP 745 EP 749 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(98)00283-X PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 115VT UT WOS:000075687200007 ER PT J AU Bernaerts, D Zettl, A Chopra, NG Thess, A Smalley, RE AF Bernaerts, D Zettl, A Chopra, NG Thess, A Smalley, RE TI Electron diffraction study of single-wall carbon nanotubes SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MICROTUBULES; TUBULES; GROWTH; TUBES AB We have used selected-area electron diffraction techniques to investigate the structure of single-wall carbon nanotubes assembled into ropes. The diffraction is sensitive to details of the tube curvature, orientation, radius and chirality. Single-wall carbon nanotubes within the ropes are found to comprise largely tubes of armchair chirality, but not exclusively (10, 10) tubes. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Bernaerts, D (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Rijksuniv Ctr Antwerp, EMAT, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 105 IS 3 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(97)10078-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YM384 UT WOS:000071058200001 ER PT S AU Orth, C Beach, R Bibeau, C Honea, E Jancaitis, K Lawson, J Marshall, C Sacks, R Schaffers, K Skidmore, J Sutton, S AF Orth, C Beach, R Bibeau, C Honea, E Jancaitis, K Lawson, J Marshall, C Sacks, R Schaffers, K Skidmore, J Sutton, S BE Scheps, R TI Design modeling of the 100-J diode-pumped solid-state laser for project mercury SO SOLID STATE LASERS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers VII CY JAN 29-30, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE diode pumped; solid-state laser; Yb : S-FAP; gas cooling; deformable mirror; wavefront distortion; laser diode; lens duct; microlens AB We present the energy, propagation, and thermal modeling for a diode-pumped solid-state laser called Mercury being designed and built at LLNL using Yb:S-FAP [i.e., Yb3+-doped Sr-5(PO4)(3)F crystals] for the gain medium. This laser is intended to produce 100 J pulses at 1 to 10 ns at 10 Hz with an electrical efficiency of similar to 10%. Our modeling indicates that the laser will be able to meet its performance goals. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Orth, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-490,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2704-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3265 BP 114 EP 129 DI 10.1117/12.308664 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL19S UT WOS:000074658700015 ER PT J AU Martinuzzi, S Perichaud, I Mc Hugo, S AF Martinuzzi, S Perichaud, I Mc Hugo, S TI Detection and characterisation of "sleeping" defects in silicon by LBIC scan maps at 80 K. SO SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE grain boundaries; dislocations; minority carrier diffusion length; thermal treatments; LBIC contrast ID BEAM-INDUCED CURRENT; IMPURITIES AB Annealing of multicrystalline silicon wafers in argon at temperatures higher than 700 degrees C increases the recombination strength of extended defects irreversibly, while external gettering techniques applied at the same temperatures reduce RS. It is observed that in the LBIC scan maps at 80 K the contrast of extended defects in raw samples is enhanced and additional defects are detected. The same features of defects are revealed by the LBIC maps of raw samples at 80 K as well as at 300 K after annealing. In other words the LBIC scan maps at low temperature detect "sleeping" defects, which do not recombine at 300 K, but which are activated by thermal treatments during processing steps. The results can be explained by the Shockley-Read-Hall statistics involving the presence of deep and shallow energy levels in the band gap associated with the impurity defect interaction. C1 Univ Marseilles, EA 2192 LP DSO, Lab Photoelect, FR-13397 Marseille 20, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martinuzzi, S (reprint author), Univ Marseilles, EA 2192 LP DSO, Lab Photoelect, FR-13397 Marseille 20, France. RI Perichaud, Isabelle/A-3763-2015 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH-SCITEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI UETIKON A.S. PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 UETIKON A.S., SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOM JI Solid State Phenom. PY 1998 VL 63-4 BP 53 EP 59 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 160LT UT WOS:000078232700007 ER PT J AU Bozin, ES Billinge, SJL Kwei, GH AF Bozin, ES Billinge, SJL Kwei, GH TI Understanding the role of the local structure in the second order structural phase transition of La(2-x)A(x)CuO(4) (A = Ba, Sr) SO SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE local structure; structural phase transition; pair distribution function; neutron powder diffraction; high temperature superconductors ID NEUTRON-POWDER-DIFFRACTION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA2-XBAXCUO4; LA2-XSRXCUO4 AB We have studied the local atomic structure of La(2-x)A(x)CuO(4) (A=Ba, Sr) through the high-temperature tetragonal (HTT) to low temperature orthorhombic (LTO) structural phase transition using the atomic pair distribution function technique. Although long-range ordered tilts disappear in the average structure, we show that significant local tilts persist. We propose an order-disorder model which reconciles both the local and long-range structural observations. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bozin, ES (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Bozin, Emil/E-4679-2011 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH-SCITEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI UETIKON A.S. PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 UETIKON A.S., SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOM JI Solid State Phenom. PY 1998 VL 61-2 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 114BK UT WOS:000075589100052 ER PT J AU Yoo, MH Fu, CL AF Yoo, MH Fu, CL TI Role of interfaces in deformation and fracture of ordered intermetallics SO SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advanced School Meeting on Dislocations 96 CY OCT, 1996 CL TOZEUR, TUNISIA ID POLYSYNTHETICALLY TWINNED CRYSTALS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; LAMELLAR STRUCTURE; DOPED NI3AL; DISLOCATIONS; ALLOYS; BORON; BEHAVIOR AB While sub-and grain-boundaries are the primary dislocation sources in L1(2) alloys, yield and flow stresses are strongly influenced by the multiplication and exhaustion of mobile dislocations from the secondary sources. The concept of enhanced microplasticity at grain boundaries due to chemical disordering is well supported by theoretical modeling, but no conclusive direct evidence exist for Ni3Al bicrystals. The strong plastic anisotropy reported in TiAl PST crystals is attributed in part to the localized slip along lamellar interfaces, thus lowering the yield stress for soft orientations. The alpha(2)/gamma boundary has a higher work of adhesion than gamma/gamma-type interfaces. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yoo, MH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH-SCITEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI UETIKON A.S. PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 UETIKON A.S., SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOM JI Solid State Phenom. PY 1998 VL 60 BP 273 EP 287 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA ZC280 UT WOS:000072561000016 ER PT S AU Mahan, GD AF Mahan, GD BE Ehrenreich, H Spaepen, F TI Good thermoelectrics SO SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 51: ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SE Solid State Physics LA English DT Review ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DILUTE MAGNETIC-ALLOYS; LARGE-N EXPANSION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; KONDO RESONANCE; SYSTEM (GETE)1-X(AGSBTE2)X; SKUTTERUDITE ANTIMONIDES; LAFE4P12 STRUCTURE C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mahan, GD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, 200 S Coll St, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI JEITSCHKO, Wolfgang/D-7754-2012 OI JEITSCHKO, Wolfgang/0000-0002-1333-4523 NR 204 TC 477 Z9 483 U1 8 U2 118 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0081-1947 BN 0-12-607751-7 J9 SOLID STATE PHYS JI Solid State Phys. PY 1998 VL 51 BP 81 EP 157 PG 77 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BM68E UT WOS:000079450200002 ER PT J AU Averback, RS de la Rubia, TD AF Averback, RS de la Rubia, TD TI Displacement damage in irradiated metals and semiconductors SO SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 51 SE SOLID STATE PHYSICS-ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS-SIMULATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FREELY MIGRATING DEFECTS; THRESHOLD-ENERGY SURFACE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; RADIATION-DAMAGE; THERMAL SPIKES; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; ION-BOMBARDMENT C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Averback, RS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NR 176 TC 277 Z9 278 U1 9 U2 57 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0081-1947 J9 SOLID STATE PHYS PY 1998 VL 51 BP 281 EP 402 PG 122 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BM68E UT WOS:000079450200005 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Conder, AD Stewart, RE AF Dunn, J Conder, AD Stewart, RE BE Blouke, MM TI Absolute calibration of charge-coupled devices to hard 8-98 keV x-rays SO SOLID STATE SENSOR ARRAYS: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Sensor Arrays - Development and Applications II CY JAN 26-27, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE CCD x-ray calibration; quantum detection efficiency; K-alpha fluorescence; x-ray absorption AB We describe experimental techniques for characterizing the absolute response of charge-coupled devices (CCD) to incident hard x-rays using the High Energy X-ray (HEX) source at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We present responsivity and quantum detection efficiency (QDE) measurements for a standard, front-illuminated, scientific CCD to monoenergetic 8 - 98 keV K-alpha x-rays. This systematic study out to high energies reveals the contribution of different absorption processes to the CCD detection efficiency. For lower energies below 20 keV the CCD behaves like an ideal photoelectric detector as expected. Increasingly above 40 keV the photoelectric effect in the CCD epitaxial region is augmented by incoherent or Compton scattering where a fraction of the energy from the photon scattering event is transferred to the electrons and subsequently detected. The Compton scattering mechanism dominates the photoelectric effect above 100 keV giving the CCD a predicted detection efficiency which remains constant from 150 keV to 1 MeV assuming that the scattered electrons finally come to rest within the active region. These physics issues will be briefly discussed and are particularly relevant to deep active region solid-state detectors with applications for hard x-ray detection above 40 keV. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2741-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3301 BP 100 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.304551 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BK80M UT WOS:000073452500011 ER PT B AU Godfrey, A Hughes, DA AF Godfrey, A Hughes, DA BE Marsh, SP Dantzig, JA Trivedi, R Hofmeister, W Chu, MG Lavernia, EJ Chun, JH TI Characterization of dislocation wall spacing distributions SO SOLIDIFICATION 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification at the 1997 TMS Fall Meeting CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div, Solidificat Comm AB Whilst conventionally the length scale of dislocation microstructures has been characterized by only a mean value it is also of interest to know the shape of the wall spacing distribution. In order to investigate the ability to characterize such spacing distributions for near-planar boundaries a model has been developed allowing the construction of a series of dislocation walls that can be sectioned in any plane allowing spacing distributions of the traces to be calculated. Results suggest that distribution shape is not adversely affected by either test section or by realistically low numbers of measurements. Consequently experimental measurements have been made on both low strain (epsilon=0.2 and epsilon=0.3) and high strain (epsilon=2.7) samples. The distributions for all three strains exhibit similar shapes and can be scaled to a single curve for the probability density function. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Appl Mech, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Godfrey, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Appl Mech, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-396-1 PY 1998 BP 191 EP 199 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BK50A UT WOS:000072372600019 ER PT B AU Kramer, MJ Li, CP Dennis, KW McCallum, RW AF Kramer, MJ Li, CP Dennis, KW McCallum, RW BE Marsh, SP Dantzig, JA Trivedi, R Hofmeister, W Chu, MG Lavernia, EJ Chun, JH TI Fe epitaxy with Nd2Fe14B in the Nd-Fe-B system during solidification: A limiting constraint for solidification models in this system SO SOLIDIFICATION 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification at the 1997 TMS Fall Meeting CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div, Solidificat Comm AB While there have been numerous studies of melt-spun Nd2Fe14B (2-14-1) permanent magnet material, there is a limited understanding of the microstructure development in melt-spun 2-14-1 alloys. Two primary deficiencies of current models are the lack of consideration of peritectic reactions and the failure to consider the effects of the heat of crystallization, i.e. recalescence. The transition from amorphous to nanophased and subsequent increasing grain size with decreasing wheel speed can be explained using a solidification model which takes into account both the degree of undercooling and recalesence. In addition, this model can be used to explain the development of the textured 2-14-1 in the underquenched condition in regions of high thermal gradients. The model correctly predicts the direction of alignment of the 2-14-1 grains and explains the phase selection as a function of undercooling. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-396-1 PY 1998 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BK50A UT WOS:000072372600021 ER PT B AU Foley, JC Anderson, IE AF Foley, JC Anderson, IE BE Marsh, SP Dantzig, JA Trivedi, R Hofmeister, W Chu, MG Lavernia, EJ Chun, JH TI Atomization processing effects on microstructure selection in aluminum-silicon alloy powders SO SOLIDIFICATION 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification at the 1997 TMS Fall Meeting CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div, Solidificat Comm AB The range of solidification processing parameters available through the use of high pressure gas atomization (HPGA) has allowed a variety of as-atomized microstructures to be formed in Al-Si alloy powders. The wide differences in particle size and external cooling environment accessible with inert gas atomization allowed generation of a wide variety of powder microstructures. These microstructures were examined and evaluated with SEM and optical microscopy for an Al-16 wt% Si alloy. Microanalytical techniques and quantitative metallographic analysis permitted phase identification, and interphase spacing measurements. Analysis of the micrographs indicates that there is a variation in the typical solidification morphology as a function of powder particle size. Regardless of the morphology, both the measured silicon interparticle spacing and the spacing range decreases with powder particle size. The results enhance understanding about the potential solidification pathways and the probable nucleation behavior of atomized powders and provide essential guidance for development and verification of rapid solidification models. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Foley, JC (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-396-1 PY 1998 BP 305 EP 315 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BK50A UT WOS:000072372600028 ER PT B AU McHugh, KM AF McHugh, KM BE Marsh, SP Dantzig, JA Trivedi, R Hofmeister, W Chu, MG Lavernia, EJ Chun, JH TI Microstructure transformation of spray-formed H13 tool steel during deposition and heat treatment SO SOLIDIFICATION 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solidification at the 1997 TMS Fall Meeting CY SEP 15-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div, Solidificat Comm AB H13 tool steel deposits were spray formed using a circular converging/diverging atomizer. The microstructural transformations that take place during rapid cooling of the atomized droplets, deposition, and heat treatment were evaluated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Results are compared with annealed and conventionally heat treated H13. Rapid solidification during spray forming results in suppression of carbide precipitation and growth. This imparts the ability to tailor material properties using a relatively low temperature artificial aging heat treatment, thereby providing a heat treatment option that bypasses the threat of tool distortion present during a conventional austenitization/quench/temper cycle. The variation in hardness during artificial aging was evaluated. Peak hardness occurs following a 1 hour soak at 500 degrees C and is accompanied by the precipitation of approximately 0.1 mu m vanadium-rich MC carbides. Carbide coarsening of molybdenum-and-vanadium-rich carbides occurs as the material is overaged. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McHugh, KM (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, INEEL, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-396-1 PY 1998 BP 427 EP 438 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BK50A UT WOS:000072372600037 ER PT J AU Brewer, KN Herbst, RS Glagolenko, IY Todd, TA AF Brewer, KN Herbst, RS Glagolenko, IY Todd, TA TI Mercury extraction by the TRUEX process solvent: III. Extractable species and stoichiometry SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article AB Mercury extraction from acidic aqueous solutions by the TRUEX process solvent, 0.2 M n-octyl(phenyl)N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO), 1.4 M tributylphosphate (TBP) in n-dodecane, has not been extensively examined. Research is currently in progress at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant to evaluate the TRUEX process for actinide removal from several acidic waste streams, including liquid sodium-bearing waste (SEW), which contains significant quantities of mercury. Reactions for two mercury species, HgCl2 and HgCl4-2, are reported. Classical slope analysis techniques were utilized to evaluate the stoichiometric coefficients of each Hg species independently for both CMPO and TBP. The slope analysis results indicate that even the HgCl4-2 species extracts as HgCl2. The results also indicate that 1.9 to 2.2 moles of CMPO and 1.5 to 1.81 moles of TBP are required per mole of HgCl2 extracted. A generic equation for mercury extraction into CMPO or TBP has been shown to be: HgClx aqy + a (E) over bar --> <(HgCl2 . E-a)over bar> + (x-2)Cl-aq(-) where x = 2 or 4, y = 0 or -2, E = CMPO or TBP, a = the experimentally determined CMPO or TBP stoichiometry, and over lines indicate organic species. Equilibrium constants for HgCl2 species were determined to be 295 when extracted by CMPO and 18.2 when extracted by TBP. Equilibrium constants for the HgCl4-2 species were found to range between 5.8 and 12.0 for the CMPO reaction and 0.13 to 0.27 with TBP. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Brewer, KN (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016 OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 2 BP 487 EP 504 DI 10.1080/07366299808934536 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZG400 UT WOS:000072998100003 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Herlinger, AW Cheng, YD Ferraro, JR Rickert, PG Horwitz, EP AF Chiarizia, R Herlinger, AW Cheng, YD Ferraro, JR Rickert, PG Horwitz, EP TI Metal extraction by alkyl substituted diphosphonic acids. Part 4. P,P '-di(2-ethylhexyl) butanediphosphonic acid SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS AB As part of an ongoing investigation of the properties of dialkyl substituted diphosphonic acids as solvent extraction reagents for metal cations, we have studied the extraction of alkaline earth cations, Fe(III) and representative actinides (Am(III), U(VI) and Th(IV)) at tracer-level concentration by o-xylene solutions of P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) butanediphosphonic acid, H2DEH[BuDP]. The extractant and acid dependencies of these metal ions exhibited significant differences from those of the previously investigated analogous extractants in which the two phosphonate groups are separated by a methylene or an ethylene bridge. The aggregation of H2DEH[BuDP] was investigated in toluene at 25 degrees C by vapor pressure osmometry. H2DEH[BuDP] was found to exist predominantly as a trimeric species in the 0.1-0.005 molal concentration range. Osmometric measurements and infrared spectra indicate that Ca(II) is extracted into H2DEH[BuDP] solutions with little disruption of the structure of the extractant. Iron(IIE) causes significant deprotonation of the ligand and dramatically changes the apparent aggregation number. A comparison of the extraction of Ca(II), Am(III) and Fe(III) by H2DEH[BuDP] with data obtained using bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) or 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid (HEH[EHP]) as the extractant indicates that H2DEH[BuDP] has characteristics similar to these monofunctional analogs. Infrared spectra of the Ca(II) and Fe(III) salts of H2DEH[BuDP] show a shift of both V-asym(POO-) and v(sym)(POO-) to lower frequencies relative to their values in the sodium salt. This indicates a symmetrical interaction between the metal ion and the phosphonate groups through chelate and/or bridging interactions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 2 BP 505 EP 526 DI 10.1080/07366299808934537 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZG400 UT WOS:000072998100004 ER PT J AU Ferraro, JR Herlinger, AW Chiarizia, R AF Ferraro, JR Herlinger, AW Chiarizia, R TI Correlation of the asymmetric and symmetric POO- frequencies with the ionic potential of the metal ion in compounds of organophosphorus acid extractants: A short review SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID METHANE DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; COMPLEXES AB The correlation between [(nu(asym)(POO-) - nu(sym)(POO-)], Delta nu, and the ionic potential of the metal ion in metal compounds of alkylsubstituted diphosphonic acid extractants is reviewed. Similar correlations of the ionic potential of the metal ion with Delta v in organosubstituted monophosphate, organosubstituted monophosphonate, carbonate and nitrate compounds have been previously demonstrated. In this paper, we discuss the origin, general validity, and utility of the correlation for organophosphorus compounds. Far-infrared and Fe-54-labeled data were used to identify metal-oxygen stretching vibrations and establish that for some metal ions, e.g., Fe(III) and possibly Th(IV), the metal-oxygen interaction has substantial covalent character. The correlation appears to be valid not only for materials in which the metal-oxygen interaction is predominantly ionic, but also for compounds characterized by a covalent metal-oxygen bonding as well as for polymeric materials, providing the POO- stretching vibrations are assignable. The correlation is useful in identifying changes in M-O bonding across a series of complexes containing similar metals (i.e., lanthanides and actinides), as well as in making comparisons for differences in M-O bonding when the charge on the metal ion changes. The correlation becomes particularly useful for compounds where no X-ray data are available. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Ferraro, JR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 3 BP 775 EP 794 DI 10.1080/07366299808934552 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZN729 UT WOS:000073676100005 ER PT J AU Ashley, KR Whitener, GD Schroeder, NC Ball, JR Radzinski, SD AF Ashley, KR Whitener, GD Schroeder, NC Ball, JR Radzinski, SD TI Sorption behavior of pertechnetate ion on Reillex (TM)-HPQ anion exchange resin from Hanford and Melton Valley tank waste simulants and sodium hydroxide sodium nitrate solutions SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID SOLUTION; HPQ AB The batch distribution coefficients (K(d), mL solution/g dry resin) for pertechnetate (TcO(4)(-))between Reillex(TM)-HPQ anion exchange resin and various caustic solutions have been determined. The average K(d) value in 1.5 M NaNO(3)/1.0 M NaOH solution is (262.2 +/- 12.6) mL/g for TcO(4)(-) ranging from 1.0 x 10(-10) M to 5.0 x 10(-4) M. Pertechnetate Kd values were measured in a series of NaOH/NaNO(3) solutions. The series are: 1.00 M NaOH with 0.010 to 5.00 M NaNO(3); 0.100 M NaOH with 0.010 to 5.00 M NaNO(3); 0.100 M NaNO(3) with 0.10 to 5.00 M NaOH; 1.00 M NaNO(3) with 0.10 to 5.00 M NaOH; 1.50 M NaNO(3) with 0.10 to 5.00 M NaOH; 3.50 M NaNO(3) with 0.10 to 5.00 M NaOH. The K(d) values are described by the following equation. K(d) = {394 +/- 9/(0.120 +/- 0.009) + [NO(3)(-)]} + {132 +/- 27/(0.477 +/- 0.162) + [NO(3)(-)]} [OH(-)] This equation was used to predict the K(d) values for a series of tank waste simulants. The predicted K(d) values are different from the measured values with an average absolute difference of (29 +/- 10)%. Pertechnetate K(d) values for 101-SY, 103-SY, DSS, DSSF-2.33, DSSF-5, DSSF-7, 101-AW, and Melton Valley simulants have been determined as a function of time. A first order approach to equilibrium is observed. The Kd values at two hours are (1066 +/- 45), (870 +/- 102), (346 +/- 18), (296 +/- 15), (245 +/- 6), (209 +/- 11), (218 +/- 5), and (167 +/- 5) mL/g, respectively. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Commerce, TX 75429 USA. Macalester Coll, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55105 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ashley, KR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Commerce, TX 75429 USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 3 BP 843 EP 859 DI 10.1080/07366299808934556 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZN729 UT WOS:000073676100009 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Horwitz, EP Beauvais, RA Alexandratos, SD AF Chiarizia, R Horwitz, EP Beauvais, RA Alexandratos, SD TI Diphonix-CS: A novel combined cesium and strontium selective ion exchange resin SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID METAL-IONS AB The recently developed Diphonix(R) resin contains the geminally substituted diphosphonic acid ligand chemically bonded to a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. The resin exhibits an extraordinarily strong affinity for actinides, especially in the tetra-and hexavalent oxidation states. Therefore the resin has potential for application in TRU removal from nuclear wastes. The Diphonix-CS resin is a Diphonix-type resin that contains also phenolic groups chemically attached to the polymeric matrix. The phenolic groups exhibit high affinity for Cs' ions from highly alkaline media. Thanks to the combined action of the diphosphonic acid and the phenolic groups, the Diphonix-CS resin can simultaneously remove actinide species, Cs and Sr from alkaline media. In this paper the results obtained in the characterization of the new resin are reported, with regard to the uptake equilibrium and kinetics of Cs+ and Sr+2 removal from NaOH solutions and from synthetic alkaline wastes. The chemical and radiolytic stability of the resin has been investigated. The results have indicated that the Diphonix-CS resin is remarkably stable under the experimental conditions of this work (up to 35 days in 1 to 4 M NaOH, and up to 200 MRad gamma ray absorbed dose). The possibility of stripping the Cs+ and Sr+2 from the resin has been investigated in column experiments by using 1 M HNO3 as the stripping agent. Some problems encountered in the stripping of Sr+2 and possible ways to improve the stripping performance are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 3 BP 875 EP 898 DI 10.1080/07366299808934558 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZN729 UT WOS:000073676100011 ER PT J AU Rao, LF Xia, Y Rapko, BM Martin, PF AF Rao, LF Xia, Y Rapko, BM Martin, PF TI Synergistic extraction of Eu(III) and Am(III) by thenoyltrifluoroacetone and neutral donor extractants: (Carbamoylmethyl)phosphine oxide and 2,6-bis((diphenylphosphino)methyl)pyridine N,P,P-trioxide SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; NITRIC-ACID; COMPLEXES; TOPO AB Solvent extraction of Eu(III) and Am(III) from weakly acidic solutions with octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) and 2,6-bis((diphenylphosphino)methyl)pyridine N,P,P-trioxide (NOPOPO) in 1,2-dichloroethane was studied on a comparative basis. NOPOPO was found to exhibit unusually high extractability for Eu(III) and Am(III), probably due to its trifunctional nature, sufficient steric flexibility and basicity of the functional groups. Both CMPO and NOPOPO demonstrated synergistic effects in extraction of Eu(III) and Am(III) when used in combination with thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA). However, the stoichiometry of the extracted species with CMPO/HTTA and NOPOPO/HTTA was different under similar experimental conditions. The extractant dependencies of the synergistic extractions suggest that the extracted species are the adduct complexes, M(ClO4)(TTA)(2)(CMPO)(2) and M(ClO4)(2)(TTA)(NOPOPO)(2), respectively. It was also observed that CMPO and CMPO/HTTA in dichloroethane extracted Eu(III) and Am(III) equally well, with very similar extraction constants. However, NOPOPO and NOPOPO/HTTA in dichloroethane demonstrated a slight preference for Eu(III) over Am(III), with the extraction constants for Eu(III) more than one order of magnitude higher than that for Am(III). C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 4 BP 913 EP 929 DI 10.1080/07366299808934560 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZY149 UT WOS:000074591200002 ER PT J AU Alexandratos, SD Shelley, CA Horwitz, EP Chiarizia, R AF Alexandratos, SD Shelley, CA Horwitz, EP Chiarizia, R TI A mechanism for enhancing ionic accessibility into selective ion exchange resins SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-SUPPORTED REAGENTS; METAL-IONS; ACID DEPENDENCIES; ADSORPTION; KINETICS; LIGANDS AB A bifunctional monophosphonic/sulfonic acid ion exchange resin with high capacity has been synthesized. Metal ion studies have been carried out with europium, americium, and ferric nitrate in solutions of varying acidity, with and without sodium nitrate added. The bifunctional resin complexes far higher levels of Eu(III) from 0.5 and 1 N nitric acid than the monofunctional phosphonic acid resin. It is postulated that the sulfonic acid ligand provides an access mechanism for the metal ions into the polymer matrix by hydrating the matrix and preventing its collapse in high ionic strength solutions thus allowing for rapid ionic complexation by the selective phosphonic acid ligands. The;bifunctional monophosphonic/sulfonic acid resin has both ligands bound to a polystyrene support. It complexes higher levels of metal ions than a comparable resin differing only by having the monophosphonic acid ligand directly bound to the C-C backbone. Results are compared to a diphosphonic/sulfonic acid resin. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alexandratos, SD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 4 BP 951 EP 966 DI 10.1080/07366299808934562 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZY149 UT WOS:000074591200004 ER PT J AU Bond, EM Engelhardt, U Deere, TP Rapko, BM Paine, RT FitzPatrick, JR AF Bond, EM Engelhardt, U Deere, TP Rapko, BM Paine, RT FitzPatrick, JR TI The solvent extraction of americium(III) in HCl solutions by 2,6-bis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine N,P,P '-trioxide SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID OXIDE; ACID AB The liquid/liquid extraction of Am(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions with chloroform solutions of 2,6-bis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine N,P,P'-trioxide (ENOPOPO) is described. ENOPOPO exhibits modest extraction ability for americium(III) (D-Am=2.2 at 5 M HCl) and can be efficiently back extracted from the organic phase at 0.1 M HCl. The ligand dependency data suggest that three ligand molecules are coordinated to the americium in the extraction complex. Additional aspects of the extraction mechanism are described. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bond, EM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 4 BP 967 EP 983 DI 10.1080/07366299808934563 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZY149 UT WOS:000074591200005 ER PT J AU Brewer, KN Herbst, RS Todd, TA Christian, JD AF Brewer, KN Herbst, RS Todd, TA Christian, JD TI Zirconium extraction into octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide and tributyl phosphate SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID TRUEX PROCESS AB Classical slope analysis techniques were used to determine the octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (CMPO) and nitrate stoichiometries for the extraction of zirconium by CMPO diluted with diisopropylbenzene (DIPB). The equilibrium constant for the extraction of zirconium by CMPO was also determined using classical slope analysis techniques. The extraction of zirconium by TBP in n-dodecane was used as a control to verify the zirconium species as Zr+4, and to verify the experimental methodology. Equilibrium [CMPO](org) and [TBP](org) concentrations were determined by accounting for the extraction of HNO3 into both TBP and CMPO solvents. Nitric acid dissociation and aqueous phase activity coefficients were also taken into consideration. Organic activity coefficients, Zr+4 activity coefficients, Zr+4 hydrolysis, and consumption of TBP of CMPO by water were neglected. Nitrate and CMPO dependencies for the extraction of zirconium have been determined from this work to be: Zr-aq(+4) + 4NO(3) (-)(aq) + 2CMPO(org) --> Zr(NO3)(4) . 2 CMPOorg An equilibrium constant of 1.13 x 10(5) +/- 1.48 x 10(4) at 25 degrees C was also determined for this reaction. C1 Lockheed Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Brewer, KN (reprint author), Lockheed Idaho Technol Co, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016 OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1066 DI 10.1080/07366299808934568 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZY149 UT WOS:000074591200010 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Urban, V Thiyagarajan, P Herlinger, AW AF Chiarizia, R Urban, V Thiyagarajan, P Herlinger, AW TI Aggregation of P,P '-di(2-ethylhexyl) methanediphosphonic acid and its Fe(III) complexes SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; EXTRACTION; SALTS AB The aggregation of P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methanediphosphonic acid, H2DEH[MDP], dissolved in deuterated toluene has been investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The title compound was shown to exist in solution as a dimer under all conditions. Dimer formation is independent of the acidity of the aqueous solution with which the organic solution is pre-equilibrated. Solutions of H2DEH[MDP] containing increasing amounts of Fe(III) extracted from aqueous solutions in the acidity range from 0.1 to 5 (M) under bar were also investigated. The SANS results confirm the tendency of H2DEH[MDP]-Fe(III) species in aromatic diluents to form rod-like aggregates characterized by a constant cross section and a length which increases with increasing amounts of metal in the organic phase. Particle growth is independent of the acidity of the aqueous solutions from which the metal is extracted. These results are important for understanding the chemistry underlying the solvent extraction behavior of H2DEH[MDP] and its practical application in separation procedures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015 OI Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1257 EP 1278 DI 10.1080/07360299808934579 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 112HG UT WOS:000075487600008 ER PT J AU Mathur, JN Nash, KL AF Mathur, JN Nash, KL TI Thermodynamics of extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from nitrate and thiocyanate media with octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID ACTINIDES; BEHAVIOR AB The extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from 1.0 M NH4NO3 and NH4SCN at pH 2.60 into octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) in n-dodecane has been studied in the temperature range 15.0 to 45.0 degrees C. Under all conditions, the species ML3.3 CMPO is the dominant extracted complex. The extraction equilibrium constants are at least 10(3) higher in the SCN- systems than in the NO3- systems. This difference is attributed to the relative energy associated with transfer of the anions from the aqueous to the extractant phase. Extraction enthalpies and entropies have been calculated in each system from the temperature dependence of K-ex. Enthalpies are considerably more exothermic in the thiocyanate system for both metal ions. Comparison of Delta H-Am(SCN) with Delta H-Eu(SCN) gives a possible indication of enhanced Am-SCN bond strength in the extracted complex. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1341 EP 1356 DI 10.1080/07366299808934583 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 131NV UT WOS:000076582900001 ER PT J AU Sinha, DN AF Sinha, DN TI New analytical method helps verify chemical weapons compliance SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Sinha, DN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 USA SN 0038-1810 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 6 EP + PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA YV508 UT WOS:000071832100002 ER PT B AU Jah, MK AF Jah, MK BE Galloway, RG Lokaj, S TI Simulated lunar mission design and modeling assisted by Satellite Tool Kit (STK) SO SPACE 98 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space (Space 98) CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerospace Div, Sandia Natl Labs, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Architects, NASA, Kirtland Air Force Base, Phillips Site, Air Force Res Lab, New Mexico, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson Site, Ohio, Air Force Acad. Colorado Springs, Bechtel Corp, Fluor Daniel Inc AB Lunar missions were simulated to evaluate the trajectory of sending a satellite into a polar, lunar orbit using a commercial off-the-shelf(COTS) software package. Satellite Tool Kit (STK) was used for modeling and visualization purposes. The results of this simulation were that a launch, parking orbit, and transfer orbit were successfully calculated and modeled. However, the STK version used was designed only for Earth orbiting missions. Therefore, a final lunar, polar orbit could not be modeled. The calculations necessary to design and model a lunar mission are attainable. STK in the absence of an interplanetary module, however productive in Earth orbital analysis and visualization, is not the best tool for lunar mission design and analysis. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS4 Space Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jah, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS4 Space Engn Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0339-2 PY 1998 BP 402 EP 408 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BM53L UT WOS:000079075300046 ER PT J AU McComas, DJ Bame, SJ Barker, P Feldman, WC Phillips, JL Riley, P Griffee, JW AF McComas, DJ Bame, SJ Barker, P Feldman, WC Phillips, JL Riley, P Griffee, JW TI Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) for the Advanced Composition Explorer SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK; CORONAL STREAMERS; PLASMA; HELIUM; EVENTS; ENHANCEMENTS; RECONNECTION; HYDROGEN; UPSTREAM AB The Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) experiment provides the bulk solar wind observations for the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). These observations provide the context for elemental and isotopic composition measurements made on ACE as well as allowing the direct examination of numerous solar wind phenomena such as coronal mass ejections, interplanetary shocks, and solar wind fine structure, with advanced, 3-D plasma instrumentation. They also provide an ideal data set for both heliospheric and magnetospheric multi-spacecraft studies where they can be used in conjunction with other, simultaneous observations from spacecraft such as Ulysses. The SWEPAM observations are made simultaneously with independent electron and ion instruments. In order to save costs for the ACE project, we recycled the flight spares from the joint NASA/ESA Ulysses mission. Both instruments have undergone selective refurbishment as well as modernization and modifications required to meet the ACE mission and spacecraft accommodation requirements. Both incorporate electrostatic analyzers whose fan-shaped fields of view sweep out all pertinent look directions as the spacecraft spins. Enhancements in the SWEPAM instruments from their original forms as Ulysses spare instruments include (1) a factor of 16 increase in the accumulation interval (and hence sensitivity) for high energy, halo electrons; (2) halving of the effective ion-detecting CEM spacing from similar to 5 degrees on Ulysses to similar to 2.5 degrees for ACE; and (3) the inclusion of a 20 degrees conical swath of enhanced sensitivity coverage in order to measure suprathermal ions outside of the solar wind beam. New control electronics and programming provide for 64-s resolution of the full electron and ion distribution functions and cull out a subset of these observations for continuous real-time telemetry for space weather purposes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McComas, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 43 TC 732 Z9 732 U1 3 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 1998 VL 86 IS 1-4 BP 563 EP 612 DI 10.1023/A:1005040232597 PG 50 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 191AW UT WOS:000079999900021 ER PT J AU Zwickl, RD Doggett, KA Sahm, S Barrett, WP Grubb, RN Detman, TR Raben, VJ Smith, CW Riley, P Gold, RE Mewaldt, RA Maruyama, T AF Zwickl, RD Doggett, KA Sahm, S Barrett, WP Grubb, RN Detman, TR Raben, VJ Smith, CW Riley, P Gold, RE Mewaldt, RA Maruyama, T TI The NOAA real-time solar-wind (RTSW) system using ACE data SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB The Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) RTSW system is continuously monitoring the solar wind and produces warnings of impending major geomagnetic activity, up to one hour in advance. Warnings and alerts issued by NOAA allow those with systems sensitive to such activity to take preventative action. The RTSW system gathers solar wind and energetic particle data at high time resolution from four ACE instruments (MAG, SWEPAM, EPAM, and SIS), packs the data into a low-rare bit stream, and broadcasts the data continuously. NASA sends real-time data to NOAA each day when downloading science data. With a combination of dedicated ground stations (CRL in Japan and RAL in Great Britain), and time on existing ground tracking networks (NASA's DSN and the USAF's AFSCN), the RTSW system can receive data 24 hours per day throughout the year. The raw data are immediately sent from the ground station to the Space Environment Center in Boulder, Colorado, processed, and then delivered to its Space Weather Operations center where they are used in daily operations; the data are also delivered to the CRL Regional Warning Center at Hiraiso, Japan, to the USAF 55th Space Weather Squadron, and placed on the World Wide Web. The data are downloaded, processed and dispersed within 5 min from the time they leave ACE. The RTSW system also uses the low-energy energetic particles to warn of approaching interplanetary shocks, and to help monitor the Bur of high-energy particles that can produce radiation damage in satellite systems. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Commun Res Lab, Tokyo 184, Japan. RP Zwickl, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 1998 VL 86 IS 1-4 BP 633 EP 648 DI 10.1023/A:1005044300738 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 191AW UT WOS:000079999900023 ER PT J AU Rogers, FJ Iglesias, CA AF Rogers, FJ Iglesias, CA TI Opacity of stellar matter SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LARKIN PARTITION-FUNCTION; ATOMIC DATA; ASTROPHYSICAL OPACITY; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; METAL CONTRIBUTION; TRANSITIONS; PLASMAS; ENVELOPES; SCATTERING; EQUATION AB New efforts to calculate opacity have produced significant improvements in the quality of stellar models. The most dramatic effect has been large opacity enhancements for stars subject to large amplitude pulsations. Significant improvement in helioseismic modeling has also been obtained. A description and comparisons of the new opacity efforts are given. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 66 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 1998 VL 85 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1023/A:1005132518820 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 149ZF UT WOS:000077636600006 ER PT J AU Ceplecha, Z Borovicka, J Elford, WG Revelle, DO Hawkes, RL Porubcan, V Simek, M AF Ceplecha, Z Borovicka, J Elford, WG Revelle, DO Hawkes, RL Porubcan, V Simek, M TI Meteor phenomena and bodies SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID EARTH-APPROACHING ASTEROIDS; DOUBLE-STATION OBSERVATIONS; STREAM ACTIVITY; INTERPLANETARY BODIES; RADIANT DISTRIBUTIONS; INNISFREE METEORITE; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; FIREBALL SPECTRUM; HEAD ECHOES; COMET AB Meteoroids can be observed at collision with the Earth's atmosphere as meteors. Different methods of observing meteors are presented: besides the traditional counts of individual events, exact methods yield also data on the geometry of the atmospheric trajectory; on the dynamics and ablation of the body in the atmosphere; on radiation; on the spectral distribution of radiation; on ionization; on accompanying sounds; and also data on orbits. Theoretical models of meteoroid interaction with the atmosphere are given and applied to observational data. Attention is paid to radar observations; to spectroscopic observations; to experiments with artificial meteors and to different types of meteor sounds. The proposed composition and structure of meteoroids as well as their orbits link them to meteorites, asteroids and comets. Meteor streams can be observed as meteor showers and storms. The rate of influx of meteoroids of different sizes onto Earth is presented and potential hazards discussed. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, Ondrejov Observ, Ondrejov, Czech Republic. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Mt Allison Univ, Dept Phys Engn & Geol, Sackville, NB E0A 3C0, Canada. Slovak Acad Sci, Astron Inst, Bratislava, Slovakia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, Ondrejov Observ, Ondrejov, Czech Republic. RI Borovicka, Jiri/F-4257-2014 NR 395 TC 428 Z9 433 U1 10 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 1998 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 471 DI 10.1023/A:1005069928850 PG 145 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133UQ UT WOS:000076704800001 ER PT J AU Suess, ST Phillips, JL MaCcomas, DJ Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M Nerney, S AF Suess, ST Phillips, JL MaCcomas, DJ Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M Nerney, S TI The solar wind - Inner heliosphere SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE solar wind; heliosphere; Ulysses; SOHO; MHD waves; turbulence ID FLUX-TUBE DIVERGENCE; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; PLASMA OBSERVATIONS; LATITUDES; SPEED AB The solar wind in the inner heliosphere, inside similar to 5 AU, has been almost fully characterized by the addition of the high heliographic latitude Ulysses mission to the many low latitude inner heliosphere missions that preceded it. The two major omissions are the high latitude solar wind at solar maximum, which will be measured during the second Ulysses polar passages, and the solar wind near the Sun, which could be analyzed by a Solar Probe mission. Here, existing knowledge of the global solar wind in the inner heliosphere is summarized in the context of the new results from Ulysses. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Branch ES82, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Ohio Univ, Lancaster, OH 43130 USA. RP NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Solar Phys Branch ES82, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1023/A:1005069328058 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA ZU056 UT WOS:000074156800008 ER PT S AU Wyant, FJ Luchau, D McCarson, TD AF Wyant, FJ Luchau, D McCarson, TD BE ElGenk, MS TI Re-START: The second operational test of the string thermionic assembly research testbed SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The second operational test of the String Thermionic Assembly Research Testbed-Re-START-occurred over the period from June 9 to June 14, 1997. This test series was designed to help qualify and validate the designs and test methods proposed for the Integrated Solar Upper Stage (ISUS) power converters for use during critical evaluations of the complete ISUS bi-modal system during the Engine Ground Demonstration (EGD). The test article consisted of eight ISUS prototype thermionic converter diodes electrically connected in series, Results demonstrated the high temperature structural performance of the re-engineered diode mounting assembly, measurable degradation in electrical performance of seven of the test diodes, and the susceptibility of the diode array to load conditions during fast heat up ramps. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wyant, FJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0744, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 324 EP 329 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200053 ER PT S AU Cheng, RK Johnson, MR Kostiuk, LW AF Cheng, RK Johnson, MR Kostiuk, LW BE ElGenk, MS TI Commercial potential of a burner developed for investigating laminar and turbulent premixed flames in mu g SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB A simple ring flame-stabilizer developed for microgravity combustion research has excellent potential for use as a new environmental technology for commercial heating appliances. It is designed to support lean premixed combustion that emits low levels of pollutants, in particular oxides of nitrogen, NO,, elite laboratory experiments have confirmed that burners using this ring stabilizer can exceed the most stringent California air quality standard, The large operating range of these burners, their adaptability to input power of up to 75 kW, and their stable operation under intense turbulent flow situations have been established. These results also show the critical parameters for optimizing the design for commercial use. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Tech Div, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. RP Cheng, RK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Tech Div, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. RI Johnson, Matthew/F-2672-2010 OI Johnson, Matthew/0000-0002-3637-9919 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 858 EP 863 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200142 ER PT S AU Takahashi, H An, Y Yamazaki, Y AF Takahashi, H An, Y Yamazaki, Y BE ElGenk, MS TI Use of a powered photon beam for space applications SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB We studied the use of the 1-100 micron and pico-meter wavelength photons for beam power transportation. Photon beams of 1-100 microns wavelength carl be generated by a free electron device using a wiggler magnet. The high-energy gamma-rays can be generated by inverse Compton scattering with reasonable efficiency, but it is extremely difficult to achieve die small angular divergence needed for between-planetary transportation. However, it carl be used for transportation over small distances with small sized devices. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takahashi, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000,Bldg 475B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1087 EP 1091 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200176 ER PT S AU Howe, SD DeVolder, B Thode, L Zerkle, D AF Howe, SD DeVolder, B Thode, L Zerkle, D BE ElGenk, MS TI Reducing the risk to Mars: The gas core nuclear rocket SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The next giant leap for mankind will be the human exploration of Mars. Almost certainly within the next thirty years, a human crew will brave the isolation, the radiation, and the lack of gravity to walk on and explore the Red planet. However, because the mission distances and duration will be hundreds of times greater than the lunar missions, a human crew will face much greater obstacles and a higher risk than those experienced during the Apollo program. A single solution to many of these obstacles is to dramatically decrease the mission duration by developing a high performance propulsion system. The gas-core nuclear rocket (GCNR) has the potential to be such a system, We have completed a comparative study of the potential impact that a GCNR could have on a manned Mars mission, The total IMLEO, transit times, and accumulated radiation dose to the crew will be compared with the NASA Design Reference Missions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Howe, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1138 EP 1143 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200183 ER PT S AU George, TG Foltyn, EM AF George, TG Foltyn, EM BE ElGenk, MS TI Production of (PuO2)-Pu-238 heat sources for the Cassini mission SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB NASA's Cassini mission to Saturn, scheduled to launch in October, 1997, is perhaps the most ambitious interplanetary explorer ever constructed. Electric power for the spacecraft's science instruments and on-board computers will be provided by three radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) powered by 216 (PuO2)-Pu-238- fueled General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) capsules. In addition, critical equipment and instruments on the spacecraft and Huygens probe will be warmed by 128 Light-Weight Radioisotope Heater Units (LWRHUs). Fabrication and assembly of the GPHS capsules and LWRHU heat sources was performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) between January 1994 and September 1996. During this production campaign, LANL pressed and sintered 315 GPHS fuel pellets and 181 LWRHU pellets. By October 1996, NMT-9 had delivered a total of 235 GPHS capsules to EG&G Mound Applied Technologies (EG&G MAT) in Miamisburg, Ohio. EG&G MAT conditioned the capsules for use, loaded the capsules into the Cassini RTGs, tested the RTGs, and coordinated transportation to Kennedy Space Center (KSC). LANL also fabricated and assembled a total of 180 LWRHUs. The LWRHUs required for the Cassini spacecraft were shipped to KSC in mid-1997. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP George, TG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NMT-9,MS-E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1163 EP 1166 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200187 ER PT S AU McCormick, ED AF McCormick, ED BE ElGenk, MS TI The Cassini project: Lessons learned through operations SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The Cassini space probe requires 180 Pu-238 Light-weight Radioisotopic Heater Units (LWRHU) and 216 Pu-238 General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) pellets. Additional LWRHU and GPHS pellets required for non-destructive (NDA) and destructive assay purposes were fabricated bringing the original pellet requirement to 224 LWRKU and 252 GPHS. Due to rejection of pellets resulting from chemical impurities in the fuel and/or failure to meet dimensional specifications a total of 320 GPHS pellets were fabricated for the mission. Initial plans called for LANL to process a total of 30 kg of oxide powder for pressing into monolithic ceramic pellets. The original 30 kg commitment was processed within the time frame allotted; an additional 8 kg were required to replace fuel lost due to failure to meet Quality Assurance specifications for impurities and dimensions. During the time frame allotted for pellet production, operations were impacted by equipment failure, unacceptable fuel impurities levels, and periods of extended down time, >30 working days during which little or no processing occurred. Throughout the production process, the reality of operations requirements varied from the theory upon which production schedules were based. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCormick, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1173 EP 1178 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200189 ER PT S AU Houts, MG Poston, DI Emrich, WJ AF Houts, MG Poston, DI Emrich, WJ BE ElGenk, MS TI Heatpipe power system and heatpipe bimodal system development status SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The Heatpipe Power System (HPS) is a potential, near-term, low-cost space fission power system. The Heatpipe Bimodal System (HBS) is a potential, near-term, low-cost space fission power and/or propulsion system. Both systems will be composed of independent modules, and all components use existing technology and operate within the existing database. The HPS and HBS have relatively few system integration issues; thus, the successful development of a module is a significant step toward verifying system feasibility and performance estimates. A prototypic HPS module was fabricated, and initial testing was completed in April 1997. All test objectives were accomplished, demonstrating the basic feasibility of the HPS. Fabrication of an HBS module is underway, and testing should begin in early 1998. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Houts, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K551, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1189 EP 1195 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200192 ER PT S AU Difilippo, FC AF Difilippo, FC BE ElGenk, MS TI Nuclear modules for space electric propulsion SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The analysis of interplanetary cargo and piloted missions requires the calculations of the performances and masses of subsystems to be integrated in a final design. In a preliminary and scoping stage the designer needs to evaluate options in an iterative way by using simulations that run fast on a computer. As a consequence of a collaborative agreement between the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), ORNL has been involved in the development of models and calculational procedures for the analysis (neutronic and thermal hydraulic) of power sources for nuclear electric propulsion. The nuclear modules will be integrated into the whole simulation of the nuclear electric propulsion system. The vehicles use either a Brayton direct-conversion cycle, using the heated helium from a NERVA-type reactor, or a potassium Rankine cycle, with the working fluid heated on the secondary side of a heat exchanger and lithium on the primary side coming from a fast reactor. Given a set of input conditions, the codes calculate composition, dimensions, volumes, and masses of the core, reflector, control system, pressure vessel, neutron and gamma shields, as well as the thermal hydraulic conditions of the coolant, clad and fuel. Input conditions are power, core life, pressure and temperature of the coolant at the inlet of the core, either the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the core or the coolant mass now and the fluences and integrated doses at the cargo area. Using state-of-the-art neutron cross sections and transport codes, a database was created for the neutronic performance of both reactor designs. The free parameters of the models are the moderator/fuel mass ratio for the NERVA reactor and the enrichment and the pitch of the lattice for the fast reactor. Reactivity and energy balance equations are simultaneously solved to find the reactor design. Thermalhydraulic conditions are calculated by solving the one-dimensional versions of the equations of conservation of mass, energy, and momentum with compressible flow. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Difilippo, FC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 6025, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1281 EP 1287 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200205 ER PT S AU Schulte, LD Purdy, GM Jarvinen, GD Ramsey, K Silver, GL Espinoza, J Rinehart, GH AF Schulte, LD Purdy, GM Jarvinen, GD Ramsey, K Silver, GL Espinoza, J Rinehart, GH BE ElGenk, MS TI Recycle of scrap plutonium-238 oxide fuel to support future radioisotope applications SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The Nuclear Materials Technology (NMT) Division of Los Alamos National Laboratory has initiated a development program to recover & purify plutonium-238 oxide from impure feed sources in a glove box environment. A glove box line has been designed and a chemistry flowsheet developed to perform this recovery task at large scale. The initial demonstration effort focused on purification of (PuO2)-Pu-238, fuel by HNO3/HF dissolution, followed by plutonium(III) oxalate precipitation and calcination to an oxide. Decontamination factors for most impurities of concern in the fuel were very good, producing (PuO2)-Pu-238 fuel significantly better in purity than specified by General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) fuel powder specifications. A sufficient quantity of purified (PuO2)-Pu-238 fuel was recovered from the process to allow fabrication of a GPHS unit for testing. The results are encouraging for recycle of relatively impure plutonium-238 oxide and scrap residue items into fuel for useful applications. The high specific activity of plutonium-238 magnifies the consequences and concerns of radioactive waste generation. This work places an emphasis on development of waste minimization technologies to complement the aqueous processing operation. Results from experiments on neutralized solutions of plutonium-238 resulted in decontamination to about 1 millicurie/L. Combining ultrafiltration treatment with addition of a water-soluble polymer designed to coordinate Pu, allowed solutions to be decontaminated to about 1 microcurie/L. Efforts continue to develop a capability for efficient, safe, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable methods to recover and purify (PuO2)-Pu-238 fuel. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Technol Grp NMT6, Nucl Mat Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schulte, LD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Technol Grp NMT6, Nucl Mat Technol Div, Mail Stop E510, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1307 EP 1313 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200209 ER PT S AU Ramsey, KB Foltyn, EM Heslop, JM AF Ramsey, KB Foltyn, EM Heslop, JM BE ElGenk, MS TI Overview of advanced technologies for stabilization of Pu-238-contaminated waste SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB This paper presents an overview of potential technologies for stabilization of Pu-238-contaminated waste. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has processed (PuO2)-Pu-238 fuel into heat sources for space and terrestrial uses for the past several decades. The 88-year half-life of Pu-238 and thermal power of approximately 0.6 watts/gram make this isotope ideal for missions requiring many years of dependable service in inaccessible locations. However, the same characteristic which makes Pu-238 attractive fur heat source applications, the high Curie content (17 Ci/gram versus 0.06 Ci/gram for Pu-239), makes disposal of Pu-238-contaminated waste difficult. Specifically, the thermal load limit on drums destined for transport to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), 0.23 gram per drum for combustible waste, is impossible to meet for nearly all Pu-238-contaminated glovebox waste. Use of advanced waste treatment technologies including Molten Salt Oxidation (MSG) and aqueous chemical separation will eliminate the combustible matrix from Pu-238-contaminated waste and recover kilogram quantities of (PuO2)-Pu-238 from the waste stream. A conceptual design of these advanced waste treatment technologies will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ramsey, KB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1314 EP 1320 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200210 ER PT S AU Reimus, MAH Hinckley, JE AF Reimus, MAH Hinckley, JE BE ElGenk, MS TI Radioisotope thermoelectric generator/thin fragment impact test SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) provides power for space missions by transmitting the heat of Pu-238 decay to an array of thermoelectric elements in a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG). Because the potential for a launch abort or return from orbit exists for any space mission, the heat source response to credible accident scenarios is being evaluated. This test was designed to provide information on the response of a loaded RTG to impact by a fragment similar to the type of fragment produced by breakup of the spacecraft propulsion module system (PMS). The results of this test indicated that impact of the RTG by a thin aluminum fragment traveling at 306 m/s may result in significant damage to the converter housing, failure of one fueled clad, and release of a small quantity of fuel. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reimus, MAH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1321 EP 1328 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200211 ER PT S AU Reimus, MAH Rinehart, GH Herrera, A Lopez, B Lynch, C Moniz, P AF Reimus, MAH Rinehart, GH Herrera, A Lopez, B Lynch, C Moniz, P BE ElGenk, MS TI Light-weight radioisotope heater unit (LWRHU) impact tests SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The light-weight radioisotope heater unit (LWRHU) is a (PuO2)-Pu-238-fueled heat source designed to provide one thermal watt in each of various locations on a spacecraft. Los Alamos National Laboratory designed, fabricated, and safety tested the LWRHU. The heat source consists of a hot-pressed (PuO2)-Pu-238 fuel pellet, a Pt-30Rh vented capsule, a pyrolytic graphite insulator, and a fineweave-pierced fabric graphite aeroshell assembly. To compare the performance of the LWRHUs fabricated for the Cassini mission with the performance of those fabricated for the Galileo mission, and to determine a failure threshold, two types of impact tests were conducted. A post-reentry impact test was performed on one of 180 Right-quality units produced for the Cassini mission and a series of sequential impact tests using simulant-fueled LWRHU capsules were conducted respectively. The results showed that deformation and fuel containment of the impacted Cassini LWRHU was similar to that of a previously tested Galileo LWRHU. Both units sustained minimal deformation of the aeroshell and fueled capsule; the fuel was entirely contained by the platinum capsule. Sequential impacting, in both end-on and side-on orientations, resulted in increased damage with each subsequent impact. Sequential impacting of the LWRHU appears to result in slightly greater damage than a single impact at the final impact velocity of 50 m/s. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reimus, MAH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1329 EP 1337 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200212 ER PT S AU Takahashi, H Yu, A AF Takahashi, H Yu, A BE ElGenk, MS TI Muon-catalyzed fusion for space propulsion, and a compressed target for producing and collecting anti-protons SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The number of muon-catalyzed fusions (MCFs) per one muon increases dramatically in a compressed target to a much higher value than the present observation of 170 in a liquid hydrogen density target; thus, we can obtain a positive gain in MCFs. Furthermore, MCFs deposited on to very small regions in a compressed DT target can initiate high-temperature inertial fusion with a smaller amount of energy than conventional inertial fusion. The anti-proton, which is suitable for space application, produces pions in die annihilation process with a proton, and its decay products, muons, can be used for MCF hi space. We discuss the utility of a compressed target to efficiently collect the anti-protons produced by injecting high-energy protons into a nucleus. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takahashi, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1359 EP 1364 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200216 ER PT S AU Reimus, MAH George, TG Lynch, C Padilla, M Moniz, P Guerrero, A Moyer, MW Placr, A AF Reimus, MAH George, TG Lynch, C Padilla, M Moniz, P Guerrero, A Moyer, MW Placr, A BE ElGenk, MS TI Nondestructive inspection of General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) fueled clad girth welds SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) provides power for space missions by transmitting the heat of Pu-238 decay to an array of thermoelectric elements. The GPHS is fabricated using an iridium-alloy to contain the (PuO2)-Pu-238 fuel pellet. GPHS capsules will be utilized in the upcoming Cassini mission to explore Saturn and its moons. The physical integrity of the girth weld is important to mission safety and performance. Because past experience had revealed a potential for initiation of small cracks in the girth weld overlap zone, a nondestructive inspection of each capsule weld is required. An ultrasonic method was used to inspect the welds of capsules fabricated for the Galileo mission. The instrument, transducer, and method used were state of the art at the time (early 1980s). The ultrasonic instrumentation and methods used to inspect the Cassini GPHSs was significantly upgraded from those used for the Galileo mission. GPHSs that had ultrasonic reflectors in excess of the reject specification level were subsequently inspected with radiography to provide additional engineering data used to accept/reject the heat source. This paper describes the Galileo-era ultrasonic instrumentation and methods and the subsequent upgrades made to support testing of Cassini GPHSs. Also discussed is the data obtained from radiographic examination and correlation to ultrasonic examination results. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reimus, MAH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS-E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1429 EP 1434 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200226 ER PT S AU Migliori, A Freibert, F Darling, TW Sarrao, JL Trugman, SA Moshopoulou, E AF Migliori, A Freibert, F Darling, TW Sarrao, JL Trugman, SA Moshopoulou, E BE ElGenk, MS TI New directions in materials for thermomagnetic cooling SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM - 1998, PTS 1-3: 1ST CONF ON GLOBAL VIRTUAL PRESENCE; 1ST CONF ON ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLES; 2ND CONF ON APPLICAT OF THERMOPHYS IN MICROGRAV; 3RD CONF ON COMMERCIAL DEV OF SPACE; 3RD CONF ON NEXT GENERAT LAUNCH SYST; 15TH SYMP ON SPACE NUCL POWER AND PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-98) - Progress in Expanding the Space Frontier CY JAN, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USAF, NASA, New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB We review thermoelectric effects in a magnetic field at a phenomenological level. Discussions of the difficulties in computing the limiting performance for both Peltier and Ettingshausen coolers are presented. New principles are discussed to guide the materials scientist in the search for better Ettingshausen materials. These principles are based on the tensor transport and solid state electronic properties of Bi1-xSbx alloys. A brief review of the subtle measurement problems is presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Migliori, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-747-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 420 BP 1628 EP 1633 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BK50G UT WOS:000072374200251 ER PT B AU Cooper, DI Eichinger, WE Hipps, L AF Cooper, DI Eichinger, WE Hipps, L GP AMS AMS TI Spatial properties of water vapor scalar and flux over a riparian corridor SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooper, DI (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C300, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500005 ER PT B AU Shao, XM Carlos, R Kirkland, M AF Shao, XM Carlos, R Kirkland, M GP AMS AMS TI Observations of precipitable water vapor in the planetary boundary layer via microwave interferometry SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) AB Interferometer was utilized In SALSA-MEX campaign in the San Pedro River Riparian National Conservation area in July and August, 1997, to measure the turbulence in the Convective Boundary Layer. Water vapor has an appreciable index of refraction at radio frequencies around 10 GHz, and acts as a passive tracer of the magnitude and motion of turbulence. The relative phase changes of a signal from a satellite were tracked by an array of 9 antennas, and the phase differences between antennas were then used to derive the turbulence properties of the boundary layer. Preliminary analysis shows clearly different characteristics for the convection activity of the boundary layer between day and night. From the structure function analysis we can see that the turbulence structure starts to decorrelate at scale sizes of 200 meters for a temporal passband around 100 seconds. Derivation of average wind fields from the interferometric measurements is currently being pursued. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmosphere Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shao, XM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmosphere Sci Grp, NIS-1,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500009 ER PT B AU Stalker, JR Bossert, JE AF Stalker, JR Bossert, JE GP AMS AMS TI Investigation of microphysical parameters within winter and summer type precipitation events over complex terrain SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stalker, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500022 ER PT B AU Miller, N Kim, JW Duan, JF AF Miller, N Kim, JW Duan, JF GP AMS AMS TI Hydroclimate downscaling for streamflow predictions SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miller, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 320 EP 322 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500082 ER PT B AU Costigan, KR Bossert, JE Langley, DL AF Costigan, KR Bossert, JE Langley, DL GP AMS AMS TI Simulations of precipitation variability over the upper Rio Grande basin SO SPECIAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Symposium on Hydrology CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS) C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Costigan, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-8 Mailstop D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 326 EP 329 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BM02P UT WOS:000077436500084 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Click, CA AF Alam, TM Click, CA TI Hydroxyl substituent chemical shift (SCS) effects in alcohols: The O-17 NMR of diols SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE O-17 NMR; diols; alcohols; SCS effect AB The O-17 NMR spectra for a series of saturated diols were investigated. From these studies both hpdroxyl induced substituent chemical shift (SCS) effects of hydroxyl oxygen O-17 NMR chemical shifts were determined. In addition, linear correlations between the O-17 chemical shift of the hydroxyl oxygen (ROH) and the C-13 chemical shift for the methyl group in the corresponding hydrocarbon (RCH3) were obtained. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Bulk Properties Dept, Mat Aging & Reliabil, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Bulk Properties Dept, Mat Aging & Reliabil, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0038-7010 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 1998 VL 31 IS 3 BP 587 EP 594 DI 10.1080/00387019808002751 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA ZM579 UT WOS:000073554300008 ER PT J AU Stump, NA Haire, RG AF Stump, NA Haire, RG TI The effect of temperature and excitation on the single- and two-photon excited emission spectrum of curium in a glass matrix SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE two-photon spectroscopy; curium emission spectroscopy; curium doped glasses ID LUMINESCENCE; IONS AB Single and two-photon excited emission has been observed from a curium-doped borosilicate glass matrix at both room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. The emission spectrum was measured using several different excitation energies and intensities. In addition to the expected line narrowing, variations in the ratios of emission intensities between states, and between crystal field levels within the each state were observed with cooling. Slight variations in the emission spectrum also arose as a function of the excitation intensity. These variations in the Cm ion's emission spectrum as a function of experimental parameters are presented and discussed. C1 Winston Salem State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27110 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stump, NA (reprint author), Winston Salem State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, 601 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Winston Salem, NC 27110 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0038-7010 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 1998 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1313 EP 1323 DI 10.1080/00387019808003305 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 120PJ UT WOS:000075964500016 ER PT B AU Hale, GM AF Hale, GM BE Mezzacappa, A TI Evaluation and extrapolation of light-element cross sections important in nuclear astrophysics SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB Low-energy cross-section extrapolations based on multichannel R-matrix analyses are described, with specific examples given for the reactions He-3(d,p)He-4 and C-12(CU, gamma)O-16. New data for the first reaction result in an extrapolated S-factor about 5 % higher than the previous value. The extrapolation of the second reaction is still quite uncertain, due to differing results from some of the groups analyzing the data. The effects of sub-threshold levels and particle-exchange terms on the extrapolations are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hale, GM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500002 ER PT B AU Smith, DL Van Wormer, LA AF Smith, DL Van Wormer, LA BE Mezzacappa, A TI Nuclear data evaluation for explosive hydrogen burning on A = 30-50 nuclei SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB A research program to develop a reaction-rate (RR) data base for stellar explosive hydrogen burning via (p,gamma) and (p,alpha) reactions involving stable-isotope target elements in the mass range A = 30-50 (phosphorus to titanium) is described. This project includes: 1) a survey of the literature; 2) preparation of written summaries for pertinent contributions; 3) compilation of alpha-numeric information into computer-platform-independent data files; 4) tabulation of reaction resonance parameters land uncertainties); 5) determination of resonance RRs land uncertainties) for Maxwellian-distributed reactant energies corresponding to temperatures in the range T-9 = 0.01-10 GK (1 GK = 10(9) degrees Kelvin); 6) fitting of these calculated RRs with an empirical formula, thereby converting the basic data into a form that is convenient for astrophysical network calculations; 7) examination of deviations between fitted curves and these RRs in the context of the uncertainties. The results of this work are made available to the nuclear astrophysics community through formal laboratory reports and computer files which are distributed to data centers. The procedures used in this work are discussed and some representative examples of products from the activity are given. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, TD Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, TD Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500003 ER PT B AU Norman, EB Firestone, RB Browne, E Stokstad, RG Wu, SC AF Norman, EB Firestone, RB Browne, E Stokstad, RG Wu, SC BE Mezzacappa, A TI Nuclear astrophysics data and measurements SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB The Isotopes Project at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has developed internet web sites that provide nuclear data and software. This paper describes these websites, particularly for nuclear astrophysics, and provides the internet addresses from which this information can be obtained. A measurement of the half-life of Ti-44 is also presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Norman, EB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500004 ER PT B AU McLane, V AF McLane, V BE Mezzacappa, A TI Nuclear data online SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB The National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) Online Data Service, available since 1986, is continually being upgraded and expanded. Most files are now available for access through the World Wide Web. Bibliographic, experimental, and evaluated data files are available containing information on neutron, charged-particle, and photon-induced nuclear reaction data, as well as nuclear decay and nuclear structure information. An effort is being made through the world-wide Nuclear Reaction Data Centers collaboration to make the charged-particle reaction data libraries as complete as possible. The data may be downloaded or viewed both as plots or as tabulated data. A variety of output formats are available for most files. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLane, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500005 ER PT B AU Krstic, PS Stancil, PC Schultz, DR AF Krstic, PS Stancil, PC Schultz, DR BE Mezzacappa, A TI Theoretical treatment of charge transfer processes of relevance to astrophysics SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB Charge transfer is an important process in many astrophysical and atmospheric environments. While numerous experimental and theoretical studies exist for H and He targets, data on other targets, particularly metals and molecules, are sparse. Using a variety of theoretical methods and computational techniques we are developing methods to estimate the cross sections for electron capture (charge transfer) in slow collisions of low charge state ions with heavy (Mg, Ca, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn) neutrals. In this ongoing work particular attention is paid to ascertaining the importance of double electron capture. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500010 ER PT B AU Stancil, P AF Stancil, P BE Mezzacappa, A TI Molecule formation and destruction processes in astrophysical environments SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB Recent quantum mechanical calculations of photodissociation and radiative association of some diatomic hydrides of potential astrophysical importance are presented. Enhancements to radiative association from stimulated emission due to a background radiation field and applications to the early universe, supernova ejecta, quasars, interstellar clouds and stellar atmospheres are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stancil, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500018 ER PT B AU Koehler, PE Spencer, RR Guber, KH Winters, RR Raman, S Harvey, JA Hill, NW Blackmon, JC Bardayan, DW Larson, DC Lewis, TA Pierce, DE Smith, MS AF Koehler, PE Spencer, RR Guber, KH Winters, RR Raman, S Harvey, JA Hill, NW Blackmon, JC Bardayan, DW Larson, DC Lewis, TA Pierce, DE Smith, MS BE Mezzacappa, A TI High resolution neutron capture and transmission measurements on Ba-137 and their impact an the interpretation of meteoric barium anomalies SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB We have made improved measurements of the neutron capture and total cross sections on Ba-137 over a sufficiently wide range of energies so that the reaction rate at s-process temperatures can be determined solely from the data. These rates are crucial for the interpretation of recently discovered anomalies of Ba isotopes in silicon carbide grains from the Murchison meteorite. Recent stellar models of the s process are in agreement with the meteoric anomaly data for Ba only if the Ba-137(n,gamma) reaction rate is 20% larger than the previously accepted value. Our reaction rates at s-process temperatures are in agreement with the extrapolated reaction rate from the most recent previous measurement. Hence, our results uphold, and place on much firmer footing, the discrepancy between recent stellar models of the s-process and the meteoric anomaly data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Koehler, PE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 337 EP 343 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500040 ER PT B AU Rehm, KE AF Rehm, KE BE Mezzacappa, A TI Measurements with radioactive beams at ATLAS SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB Reactions of interest to nuclear astrophysics have been studied with radioactive beams at the ATLAS accelerator. Using a modified ISOL technique, beams of F-18 (T-1/2=110min) and Ni-56 (T-1/2=6.1d) were produced and the reactions F-18(p,alpha)O-15, F-18(p,gamma)Ne-19, and Ni-56(d,p)Ni-57 have been investigated. The results indicate that the F-18(p,gamma) route is a small contributor to the breakout from the hot CNO cycle into the rp process, while the Ni-56(p,gamma)Cu-57 rate is about ten times larger than previously assumed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehm, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500059 ER PT B AU Smith, MS Blackmon, JC Koehler, PE Lewis, TA McConnell, JW Milner, WT Pierce, DE Shapira, D Bardayan, DW Chen, AA Parker, PD Swartz, KB Visser, DW Kozub, RL Johnson, BA Roettger, ME Champagne, AE Ma, Z Greife, U Strieder, F James, AN Hofstee, MA Allen, M AF Smith, MS Blackmon, JC Koehler, PE Lewis, TA McConnell, JW Milner, WT Pierce, DE Shapira, D Bardayan, DW Chen, AA Parker, PD Swartz, KB Visser, DW Kozub, RL Johnson, BA Roettger, ME Champagne, AE Ma, Z Greife, U Strieder, F James, AN Hofstee, MA Allen, M BE Mezzacappa, A TI Commissioning of the Daresbury recoil separator for nuclear astrophysics measurements at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB The Daresbury Recoil Separator (DRS) has been installed for nuclear astrophysics research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. It will be used for direct measurements of capture reactions on radioactive ions which occur in stellar explosions such as novae and X-ray bursts. The physics motivation and plans for the first measurements with radioactive beams are described, and details of the new DRS experimental equipment and preliminary results from the first commissioning experiments with stable beams are given. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS-6354,Bldg 6010,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 511 EP 518 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500060 ER PT B AU Messer, OEB Mezzacappa, A Bruenn, SW Guidry, MW AF Messer, OEB Mezzacappa, A Bruenn, SW Guidry, MW BE Mezzacappa, A TI Neutrino-driven supernovae: Boltzmann neutrino transport and the explosion mechanism SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB Core-collapse supernovae are, despite their spectacular visual display, neutrino events. Virtually all (similar to 99%) of the 10(53) ergs of gravitational binding energy released in the formation of the nascent neutron star is carried away in the form of neutrinos and antineutrinos of all three flavors, and these neutrinos are primarily responsible for powering the explosion. This mechanism depends sensitively on the neutrino transport between the neutrinospheres and the shock. In light of this, we have performed a comparison of multigroup Boltzmann neutrino transport (MGBT) and (Bruenn's) multigroup flux-limited diffusion (MGFLD) in post-core bounce environments. Our analysis concentrates on those quantities central to the postshock matter heating stemming from electron neutrino and antineutrino absorption, namely the neutrino luminosities, RMS energies, and mean inverse flux factors. We show that MGBT yields mean inverse flux factors in the gain region that are similar to 25% larger and luminosities that are similar to 10% larger than those computed by MGFLD. Differences in the mean inverse flux factors, luminosities, and RMS energies translate to heating rates that are up to 2 times larger for Boltzmann transport, with net cooling rates below the gain radius that are typically similar to 0.8 times the MGFLD rates. These differences are greatest at earlier postbounce times for a given progenitor mass, and for a given postbounce time, greater for greater progenitor mass. The increased differences with increased progenitor mass suggest that the net heating enhancement from MGBT is potentially robust and self-regulated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Messer, OEB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Messer, Bronson/G-1848-2012; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Messer, Bronson/0000-0002-5358-5415; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 563 EP 569 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500066 ER PT B AU Hix, WR Thielemann, FK Khokhlov, AM Wheeler, JC AF Hix, WR Thielemann, FK Khokhlov, AM Wheeler, JC BE Mezzacappa, A TI Simplifying silicon burning: Application of quasi-equilibrium to alpha network nucleosynthesis SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB While the need for accurate calculation of nucleosynthesis and the resulting rate of thermonuclear energy release within hydrodynamic models of stars and supernovae is clear, the computational expense of these nucleosynthesis calculations often force a compromise in accuracy to reduce the computational cost. To redress this trade-off of accuracy for speed, we present an improved nuclear network which takes advantage of quasi-equilibrium in order to reduce the number of independent nuclei, and hence the computational cost of nucleosynthesis, without significant reduction in accuracy. In this paper we will discuss the first application of this method, the further reduction in size of the minimal alpha network. The resultant QSE-reduced alpha network is twice as fast as the conventional a network it replaces and requires the tracking of half as many abundance variables, while accurately estimating the rate of energy generation. Such reduction in cost is particularly necessary for future generation of multi-dimensional models for supernovae. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hix, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 599 EP 605 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500071 ER PT B AU Liu, WH AF Liu, WH BE Mezzacappa, A TI Atomic and molecular supernovae SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB Atomic and molecular physics of supernovae is discussed with an emphasis on the importance of detailed treatments of the critical atomic and molecular processes with the best available atomic and molecular data. The observations of molecules in SN 1987A are interpreted through a combination of spectral and chemical modelings, leading to strong constraints on the mixing and nucleosynthesis of the supernova. The non-equilibrium chemistry is used to argue that carbon dust can form in the oxygen-rich clumps where the efficient molecular cooling makes the nucleation of dust grains possible. For Type Ia supernovae, the analyses of their nebular spectra lead to strong constraints on the supernova explosion models. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, WH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 649 EP 656 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500077 ER PT B AU Jeffery, DJ AF Jeffery, DJ BE Mezzacappa, A TI A grey gamma-ray transfer procedure for supernovae SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB The gamma-ray transfer in supernovae for the purposes of energy deposition in the ejecta can be approximated as grey radiative transfer using mean opacities. In past work there is a single pure absorption mean opacity which is a free parameter. Accurate results can be obtained by varying this mean opacity to fit the results of more accurate procedures. In this paper, we present a grey gamma-ray transfer procedure for energy deposition in which there are multiple mean opacities that are not free parameters and that have both absorption and scattering components. This procedure is based on a local-state (LS) approximation, and so we call it the LS grey gamma-ray transfer procedure or LS procedure for short. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jeffery, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 687 EP 691 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500082 ER PT B AU Wilson, JR Salmonson, JD Mathews, GJ AF Wilson, JR Salmonson, JD Mathews, GJ BE Mezzacappa, A TI A gamma ray burst model SO STELLAR EVOLUTION, STELLAR EXPLOSIONS AND GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Oak Ridge Symposium on Atomic and Nuclear Astrophysics CY DEC 02-06, 1997 CL OAK RIDGE, TN AB We present a model for gamma ray bursts based on the compression of neutron stars in close binary systems. Our general relativistic hydrodynamic computer simulations of close neutron star binaries have found that as the orbit shrinks the density of the neutron stars rises. This compressional effect has been estimated to produce thermal energies in the neutron stars of the order of magnitude 10(52) to 10(53) ergs on a timescale of a few seconds. This is a possible source of energy for gamma-ray bursts. The hot neutron stars will emit neutrino pairs which will partially recombine to form an electron positron pair plasma. The pair plasma will recombine after expansion to produce photons which closely mimic the characteristics of gamma-ray bursts. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilson, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0555-X PY 1998 BP 705 EP 714 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL90Y UT WOS:000077110500084 ER PT S AU Bercovitz, J AF Bercovitz, J BE Bolas, MT Fisher, SS Merritt, JO TI Image-side perspective and stereoscopy SO STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAYS AND VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems V CY JAN 26-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE ortho*; stereo*; perspective; telepresence; telerobotics AB Correct perspective is crucial to orthostereoscopy. That is to sav, the observer must view from the same points in space, relative to the image, that the stereo camera's lenses had relative to the scene. Errors in placement of the observation points result in distortion of the reconstructed stereo image. Although people adapt easily to visual distortions, they may not do it well enough or quickly enough for critical telepresence and telerobotic applications. Further, it is difficult for humans to reliably determine by sight the correct observation point relative to an image. A mathematical guide to correct perspective is therefore useful. The mathematical key to perspective is that all images must subtend at the eye the same angles which the objects that generated them subtended at the camera. The center of perspective on the object side of a camera is the entrance pupil, but where is the center of perspective on the image side of an a symmetrical lens? A simple formula simply derived answers that question. By way of background, pertinent optics and stereoscopic reconstruction errors, including perspective error, are reviewed in this paper. New work begins in the fourth section. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bercovitz, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2735-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3295 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1117/12.307152 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BL14U UT WOS:000074445000032 ER PT J AU Kibzun, A Uryasev, S AF Kibzun, A Uryasev, S TI Differentiability of probability function SO STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DERIVATIVES; INTEGRALS; SETS AB Basic results on differentiability of probability functions are reviewed and systematically presented. Strict mathematical statements are formulated, some basic theorems are informally proved and illustrated with examples. Probability function, from formal point of view, is an expectation of an indicator function or an integral over the domain depending upon the parameter. Gradient of probability function is represented in different forms (integral over the surface, volume, or sum of surface and volume integrals). These results can be used for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of stochastic models, reliability analysis, Probabilistic Risk Analysis, optimization of the stochastic systems, and other applications involving uncertainties in parameters. C1 Moscow Aviat Technol Inst, Dept Probabil Theory, Moscow 125871, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI URYASEV, Stan/O-5231-2014 OI URYASEV, Stan/0000-0001-6950-3966 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-2994 J9 STOCH ANAL APPL JI Stoch. Anal. Appl. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1101 EP 1128 DI 10.1080/07362999808809581 PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 132JG UT WOS:000076626100007 ER PT S AU Eberhard, P Bischof, C AF Eberhard, P Bischof, C BE Marti, K Kall, P TI Some aspects of algorithmic differentiation of ordinary differential equations SO STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING METHODS AND TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd GAMM/IFIP Workshop on Stochastic Optimization - Numerical Methods and Technical Applications CY JUN 17-20, 1996 CL FED ARMED FORCES UNIV MUNICH, MUNICH, GERMANY SP Soc Appl Math & Mech, Int Fed Informat Processing HO FED ARMED FORCES UNIV MUNICH DE algorithmic differentiation; sensitivity analysis; multibody systems; automatic differentiation; differential equations; numerical integration AB Many problems in mechanics may be described by ordinary differential equations (ODE) and can be solved numerically by a variety of reliable numerical algorithms. For optimization or sensitivity analysis often the derivatives of final values of an initial value problem with respect to certain system parameters have to be computed. This paper discusses some subtle issues in the application of Algorithmic (or Automatic) Differentiation (AD) techniques to the differentiation of numerical integration algorithms. Since AD tools are not aware of the overall algorithm underlying a particular program, and apply the chain rule of differential calculus at the elementary operation level, we investigate how the derivatives computed by AD tools relate to the mathematically desired derivatives in the presence of numerical artifacts such as stepsize control in the integrator. As it turns out, the computation of the final time step is of critical importance. This work illustrates that AD tools compute the derivatives of the program employed to arrive at a solution, not just the derivatives of the solution that one would have arrived at with strictly mathematical means, and that, while the two may be different, high-level algorithmic insight allows for the reconciliation of these discrepancies. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Mech B, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Stuttgart, Inst Mech B, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. EM pe@mechb.uni-stuttgart.de; bischof@mcs.anl.gov RI Bischof, Christian/D-2897-2009 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8442 BN 3-540-63924-1 J9 LECT NOTES ECON MATH PY 1998 VL 458 BP 294 EP 304 PG 11 WC Economics; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA BM74Z UT WOS:000079684800018 ER PT S AU Trent, JD Kagawa, HK Yaoi, T AF Trent, JD Kagawa, HK Yaoi, T BE Csermely, P TI The role of chaperonins in vivo: The next frontier SO STRESS OF LIFE: FROM MOLECULES TO MAN SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stress of Life - Stress and Adaptation from Molecules to Man CY JUL 01-05, 1997 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Hungarian Minist Environm Protect, Malev Hungarian Airlines, Hans Selye Fdn, Canada, Hungarian Natl Comm Technol Dev, Decade Brain Res Fdn, Hungarian Soc Expt & Clin Pharm, European Mol Biol Org, Biorex Co, Hungary, Operator Ltd, Hungary, Babolna Co, Hungarian Immunol Fdn, Assoc Cape Cod Inc, Kevi Farkas Ltd, Molnar Ltd, Hungarian Sci Res Fdn, Dicso Trapp Ltd, Vagabund Ltd ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; THERMOPHILIC ARCHAEBACTERIUM; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; IN-VIVO; GROEL; BINDING; COMPLEX; MICROTUBULES C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Hyperthermophil Res Grp, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Trent, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Hyperthermophil Res Grp, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Trent@anlcmb.bim.anl.gov NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-116-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 851 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08974.x PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA BL26K UT WOS:000074934900007 PM 9668603 ER PT B AU DeWitt, HE Slattery, WL AF DeWitt, HE Slattery, WL BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI Equation of state for binary ionic plasmas, fluid and solid phases SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL ID ONE-COMPONENT-PLASMA; EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; YUKAWA SYSTEMS; FREE-ENERGY; LIMIT; CRYSTALLIZATION; MIXTURES; MATTER AB This paper gives a summary of the most recent Monte Carlo simulation data for the internal energy, U/NkT, for the the One Component Plasma (OCP) and Binary Ionic Mixtures (BIM) for both fluid and solid phases. The Monte Carlo results are compared with Molecular Dynamics results of nearly the same accuracy. The OCP fluid and solid data are used to give the most accurate available equation of state for both the fluid and the crystalline (bcc) phases of the OCP. For the BIM mixture with 5% charge 2. and 95% charge 1. the deviations from linear mixing are given to the best available accuracy. These results make it possible to obtain the classical contribution to the screening enhancement of thermonuclear reaction rates for white dwarf stars. Current results on deviations from linear mixing are also given for random ionic mixtures for which the two different charges are placed randomly on bcc lattice sites. It is found that the deviation from linear mixing in the crystalline solid is roughly an order of magnitude larger than deviations from linear mixing for BIM fluids. The data supports the conclusion that the phase diagram for a BIM mixture is spindle shaped for carbon and oxygen mixtures found in white dwarf stars. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP DeWitt, HE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 1 EP 7 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600001 ER PT B AU Rogers, FJ AF Rogers, FJ BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI Equation of state of partially-ionized plasmas SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL ID SOLAR OSCILLATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STELLAR ENVELOPES; HYDROGEN; DEUTERIUM; HOT AB The equation of state of partially ionized plasmas is receiving renewed attention due to recent helio- and astero-seismic measurements and laboratory experiments. The new data encompasses a wide range of parameter space, ranging from weakly to strongly coupled. Theoretical methods to treat these plasmas must confront issues concerning plasma screening of bound states, how strong coupling affects ionization balance, and how to include electron degeneracy and diffraction.. Two types of methods are used to treat complicated mixtures, such as occur in stars. Chemical picture methods are based on free energy minimization and must assert the effect the plasma has on bound states. Physical picture methods view the plasma in terms of its fundamental constituents so that plasma screening arises naturally. Herein I give a brief summary of the physical picture method. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rogers, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 15 EP 23 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600003 ER PT B AU Nellis, WJ Weir, ST Mitchell, AC AF Nellis, WJ Weir, ST Mitchell, AC BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI Metallization of fluid hydrogen at 140 GPa (1.4 mbar) SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; MEGABAR PRESSURES; DENSE HYDROGEN; SOLID HYDROGEN; DEUTERIUM; EQUATION; STATE; GAP AB The properties of hydrogen at high pressures and temperatures are important for the interiors of giant planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn, and for Inertial Confinement Fusion. Electrical conductivity measurements indicate that hydrogen becomes a metallic fluid at 140 GPa, ninefold initial liquid-H-2 density, and 2600 K. Metallization density is defined to be that at which the electronic bandgap E-g is reduced by pressure to E-g similar to k(B)T, at which point E-g is filled in by fluid disorder to produce a metallic density of states with a Fermi surface and the minimum conductivity of a metal. High pressures and temperatures were obtained with a two-stage gun, which accelerates an impactor up to 7 km/s. A strong shock wave is generated on impact with a holder containing liquid hydrogen at 20 K. The impact shock is split into a shock wave reverberating in hydrogen between stiff Al2O3 anvils. This dynamic compression heats hydrogen quasi-isentropically to about twice its melting temperature at 100 Gpa pressures and lasts similar to 100 ns, sufficiently long to achieve equilibrium and sufficiently short to preclude loss of hydrogen by mass diffusion and chemical reactions. The measured electrical conductivity increases four orders of magnitude from 93 to 140 GPa and is constant at 2000 (Omega-cm)-l from 140 to 180 GPa. This conductivity is the same as that of Cs and Rb undergoing the same transition from a semiconducting to metallic fluid at 2000 K. This measured value is also within factor of 5 or less of hydrogen conductivities calculated with the following models: (i) minimum conductivity of a metal, (ii) Ziman model of a liquid metal, and (iii) tight-binding molecular dynamics. At metallization this fluid is -90 at.% H-2 and 10 at.% H with a Fermi energy of similar to 12 eV. Fluid hydrogen at finite temperature undergoes a Mott transition at D(m)(1/3)a(*) = 0.30, where D-m is the metallization density and a(*) is the Bohr radius of the molecule. Metallization occurs at a lower pressure in the fluid than predicted for the solid probably because crystalline and orientational phase transitions, which occur in the ordered solid and inhibit metallization, do not occur in the fluid Tight-binding molecular dynamics calculations by Lenosky et al suggest that fluid metallic hydrogen is a novel state of condensed matter. Protons are paired transiently and exchange on a timescale of a few molecular vibrational periods, similar to 10-14 s. Also, the kinetic, vibrational, and rotational energies of the dynamically paired protons are comparable. These tight-binding calculations indicate that the measured conductivity is the minimum conductivity of a metal. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 25 EP 32 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600004 ER PT B AU Schiffer, JP AF Schiffer, JP BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI Ordering in classical Coulombic systems SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL ID ONE-COMPONENT PLASMA; STORAGE RING; PHASE AB The properties of finite one-component plasma clouds at very low temperatures have been investigated-similar to the conditions obtained in laser-cooled ion traps or storage rings. The minimum-energy configurations of few ions in isotropic confinement are discussed, and the features of the shell structure that is characteristic of larger clouds. The eventual transition to infinite-matter behavior is being investigated. Dimensional phase transitions as a function of the external confinement have been studied. Normal modes of these systems has been explored. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schiffer, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600006 ER PT B AU Hammerberg, JE Holian, BL Lapenta, G Murillo, MS Shanahan, WR Winske, D AF Hammerberg, JE Holian, BL Lapenta, G Murillo, MS Shanahan, WR Winske, D BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI MD simulations of dusty plasma crystal formation: Preliminary results SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL ID YUKAWA C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hammerberg, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 237 EP 240 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600037 ER PT B AU Benage, JF Kyrala, G Workman, J Tierney, T AF Benage, JF Kyrala, G Workman, J Tierney, T BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI Measuring the EOS of a dense, strongly coupled plasma: Description of the technique SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Benage, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600053 ER PT B AU LaGattuta, KJ AF LaGattuta, KJ BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI Fission-fragment induced damage of surfaces: Quasiclassical trajectory calculation SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL ID SOLIDS; MODEL C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP LaGattuta, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 323 EP 326 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600054 ER PT B AU Kress, J Collins, L Lenosky, T Kwon, I Troullier, N AF Kress, J Collins, L Lenosky, T Kwon, I Troullier, N BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI Molecular dynamics modeling of dense hydrogen SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL ID HOT; MBAR C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kress, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 331 EP 335 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600056 ER PT B AU Murillo, MS AF Murillo, MS BE Kalman, GJ Rommel, JM Blagoev, K TI Relevant ion time scales for electron impact processes of atoms in dense plasmas SO STRONGLY COUPLED COULOMB SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Systems (SCCS 97) CY AUG 03-10, 1997 CL BOSTON COLL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA HO BOSTON COLL C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murillo, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret Div, Mail Stop B259,XPA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46031-9 PY 1998 BP 607 EP 611 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BN85G UT WOS:000083193600113 ER PT B AU Khaleel, MA Simonen, FA AF Khaleel, MA Simonen, FA BE Shiraishi, N Shinozuka, M Wen, YK TI Reliability-based inspection planning for stainless steel piping under conditions of intergranular stress corrosion cracking SO STRUCTURAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY, VOLS. 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability (ICOSSAR 97) CY NOV 24-28, 1997 CL INT ASSOC STRUCT SAFETY & RELIABIL, KYOTO, JAPAN SP Amer Assoc Wind Engn, Amer Concrete Inst, Amer Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Earthquake Engn, Int Assoc Struct Mech Reactor Technol, Int Assoc Wind Engn, Reun Int Lab Essai & Rech Mat & Construct, Architectural Inst Japan, Japan Assoc Wind Engn, Japan Concrete Inst, Japan Soc Aeronaut & Space Sci, Japan Soc Civil Engn, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Japan Soc Seism Isolat, Japan Struct Consultants Assoc, Japan Welding Soc, Japan Inst Syst Res, Japanese Geotech Soc, Marine & Fire Insurance Assoc Japan Inc, Sci Council Japan, Liaison Comm Safety Engn, Liaison Comm Struct Engn, Soc Mat Sci Japan, Soc Naval Architects Japan, Soc Steel Construct Japan HO INT ASSOC STRUCT SAFETY & RELIABIL AB The objectives of the the work presented in this paper are to perform probabilistic calculations simulating 304 stainless steel piping under conditions of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC);and to evaluate alternate inspection strategies and the associated reductions in failure probabilities. The stress corrosion cracking model that is part of the PRAISE code is applied, and the PRAISE predictions are compared with service experience. A simplified parametric approach has been adopted to characterize IGSCC by a single damage parameter, which depends on the service-related and residual stresses, environment, and degree of sensitization. A matrix of calculations that addresses a wide range of pipe sizes, materials, and Service conditions has been developed and executed. Sensitivity studies were performed to gain insight into the critical inputs to the model. probability of detection curves for IGSCC were established for the pipe wall thickness range of 2.54 cm (1.0 in.) and greater, and the effects of inservice inspection strategies were evaluated. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-978-5 PY 1998 BP 1317 EP 1320 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BM39Q UT WOS:000078605500182 ER PT B AU Khaleel, MA Simonen, FA AF Khaleel, MA Simonen, FA BE Shiraishi, N Shinozuka, M Wen, YK TI A probabilistic model for reactor pressure vessels using Latin Hypercube sampling method SO STRUCTURAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY, VOLS. 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability (ICOSSAR 97) CY NOV 24-28, 1997 CL INT ASSOC STRUCT SAFETY & RELIABIL, KYOTO, JAPAN SP Amer Assoc Wind Engn, Amer Concrete Inst, Amer Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Earthquake Engn, Int Assoc Struct Mech Reactor Technol, Int Assoc Wind Engn, Reun Int Lab Essai & Rech Mat & Construct, Architectural Inst Japan, Japan Assoc Wind Engn, Japan Concrete Inst, Japan Soc Aeronaut & Space Sci, Japan Soc Civil Engn, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Japan Soc Seism Isolat, Japan Struct Consultants Assoc, Japan Welding Soc, Japan Inst Syst Res, Japanese Geotech Soc, Marine & Fire Insurance Assoc Japan Inc, Sci Council Japan, Liaison Comm Safety Engn, Liaison Comm Struct Engn, Soc Mat Sci Japan, Soc Naval Architects Japan, Soc Steel Construct Japan HO INT ASSOC STRUCT SAFETY & RELIABIL AB A numerical approach has been developed to predict the probability that a fabrication flaw in a reactor pressure vessel will extend by fatigue crack growth mechanisms and become a through-wall flaw. The fracture mechanics model treats the size of the flaw, the location of the flaw, and the parameters governing the fatigue crack growth rates as stochastic variables that are described by histograms that represent their statistical distributions. A latin Hypercube approach forms the basis for efficient numerical calculations of vessel failure probabilities, in particular for those cases having very low probabilities that are not readily calculated by use of more conventional Monte-Carlo simulations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Khaleel, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-978-5 PY 1998 BP 1321 EP 1324 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BM39Q UT WOS:000078605500183 ER PT B AU Tung, CS AF Tung, CS BE Sarma, RH Sarma, MH TI A reduced-coordinate approach to modeling RNA 3-D structures SO STRUCTURE, MOTION, INTERACTION AND EXPRESSION OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conversation in Biomolecular Stereodynamics Conference CY JUN 17-21, 1997 CL SUNY ALBANY, DEPT CHEM, INST BIOMOLEC STEREODYNAM, ALBANY, NY SP US NIH HO SUNY ALBANY, DEPT CHEM, INST BIOMOLEC STEREODYNAM AB With the realization of RNA molecules capable of performing very specific functions (e.g., catalytic RNAs and RNAs that bind ligand with affinity and specificity of an anti-body) and contrary to the traditional view that structure of RNA molecules being functionally passive, it has become clear that studying the 3-dimensional (3-D) folding of RNA molecules is a very important task. In the absence of sufficient number of experimentally determined RNA structures available up-to-date, folding of RNA structures computationally provides an alternative approach in studying the 3-D structure of RNA molecules. We have developed a computational approach for folding RNA 3-D structures. The method is conceptually simple and general. It consists of two major components. The first being the arrangement of all helices in space. Once the helices are positioned and oriented in space,structures of the connecting loops are modeled and inserted between the helices. Any number of structural constraints derived either experimentally or theoretically can be used to guide the folding processes. A conformational sampling approach is developed with structural equilibration using the Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation. The lengths of various loop sizes (ranging from 1 base to 7 bases) are calculated based on a set of RNA structures deposited in PDB as well as a set of loop structures constructed using our method. The validity of using the averaged loop lengths of the connecting loops as distance constraints for arranging the helices in space is studied. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tung, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA BN 0-940030-77-2 PY 1998 BP 117 EP 123 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BL51G UT WOS:000075727100009 ER PT B AU Ojha, RP Dhingra, MM Sarma, MH Myer, YP Setlik, RF Shibata, M Kazim, AL Ornstein, RL Rein, R Turner, CJ Sarma, RH AF Ojha, RP Dhingra, MM Sarma, MH Myer, YP Setlik, RF Shibata, M Kazim, AL Ornstein, RL Rein, R Turner, CJ Sarma, RH BE Sarma, RH Sarma, MH TI 750 MHz NMR and computer experiments on an anti-HIV-1 hammerhead ribozyme complex with a 17-mer DNA substrate analog of HIV-1 gag RNA SO STRUCTURE, MOTION, INTERACTION AND EXPRESSION OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conversation in Biomolecular Stereodynamics Conference CY JUN 17-21, 1997 CL SUNY ALBANY, DEPT CHEM, INST BIOMOLEC STEREODYNAM, ALBANY, NY SP US NIH HO SUNY ALBANY, DEPT CHEM, INST BIOMOLEC STEREODYNAM AB The structure of an anti-HIV-1 ribozyme-DNA abortive substrate complex was investigated by 750 MHz NMR and computer modeling experiments. The ribozyme was a chimeric molecule with 30 residues-18 DNA nucleotides, and 12 RNA residues in the conserved core. The DNA substrate analog had 17 residues. The chimeric ribozyme and the DNA substrate formed a shortened ribozyme-abortive substrate complex of 47 nucleotides with two DNA stems (stems I and III) and a loop consisting of the conserved core residues.Circular dichroism spectra showed that the DNA stems assume A-family conformation at the NMR concentration and a temperature of 15 degrees C, contrary to the conventional wisdom that DNA duplexes in aqueous solution populate entirely in the B-form. It is proposed that the A-family RNA residues at the core expand the A-family initiated at the core into the DNA stems because of the large free energy requirement for the formation of A/B junctions. Assignments of the base H8/H6 protons and H1' of the 47 residues were made by a NOESY walk. In addition to the methyl groups of all T's, the imino resonances of stems I and III and AH2's were assigned from appropriate NOESY walks. The extracted NMR data along with available crystallographic data were used to derive a structural model of the complex. Stems I and III of the final model displayed a remarakable similarity to the A form of DNA; in stem III, a GC base pair was found to be moving into the floor of the minor groove defined by flanking AT pairs; data suggest the formation of a buckled rhombic structure with the adjacent pair; in addition, the base pair at the interface of stem III and the loop region displayed deformed geometry. The loop with the catalytic core, and the immediate region of the stems displayed conformational multiplicity within the NMR time scale. A catalytic mechanism for ribozyme action based on the derived structure, and consistent with biochemical data in the literature, is proposed. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, Inst Biomol Stereodynam, Albany, NY 12222 USA. MIT, Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Biophys, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sarma, RH (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, Inst Biomol Stereodynam, Albany, NY 12222 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA BN 0-940030-77-2 PY 1998 BP 163 EP 174 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BL51G UT WOS:000075727100014 ER PT B AU Catasti, P Chen, X Bradbury, EM Gupta, G AF Catasti, P Chen, X Bradbury, EM Gupta, G BE Sarma, RH Sarma, MH TI Structure-function relationship of the insulin-linked polymorphic region: Implications in length polymorphism and gene regulation SO STRUCTURE, MOTION, INTERACTION AND EXPRESSION OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conversation in Biomolecular Stereodynamics Conference CY JUN 17-21, 1997 CL SUNY ALBANY, DEPT CHEM, INST BIOMOLEC STEREODYNAM, ALBANY, NY SP US NIH HO SUNY ALBANY, DEPT CHEM, INST BIOMOLEC STEREODYNAM AB Here, we summarize the structural studies on the insulin-linked polymorphic region (or IL PR) that is a tandem repeat of ((ACAG4TGTG4)(TGTC4ACAC4))(n) and is located upstream of the human insulin gene. First, we show by high resolution NMR spectroscopy that the individual G-rich and C-rich strands of the ILPR can form respectively hairpin G-quartet and C+.C paired C+.C paired i-motif structures. Two repeat lengths are required to form a single copy of the G-quartet (or the i-motif) structure. Second, we show by an in vitro replication assay that several copies of the G-quartet (or the i-motif) structure are formed during the replication of multiple tandem repeats (i.e., for repeat lengths six or greater) of the ILPR sequences. The hairpin G-quartet structure is preferentially stabilized by the potassium ion (and not the sodium ion). Neither the single strand binding proteins nor the ATP-dependent replication accessory proteins can unwind the hairpin G-quartet structure. Although, the hairpin C+.C paired i-motif structure is preferentially stabilized at acidic pH, it begins to form even at neutral pH for repeat lengths six and eight. However, the i-motif structure is unwound either by the single strand binding proteins or by the ATP-dependent replication accessory proteins. Therefore, it appears that repeat lengths far greater than eight are needed to cause replication error in the C-rich strand of the ILPR. Finally, we discuss structural and biological significance of the hairpin G-quartet and i-motif structures in length polymorphisms of the ILPR and in regulations of the human insulin gene. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Gupta, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-10,MS-K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA BN 0-940030-77-2 PY 1998 BP 237 EP 248 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BL51G UT WOS:000075727100021 ER PT S AU Lewis, MW AF Lewis, MW BE Jones, N Talaslidis, DG Brebbia, CA Manolis, GD TI On predicting and modelling material failure under impact loading SO STRUCTURES UNDER SHOCK AND IMPACT V SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact (SUSI 98) CY JUN, 1998 CL ARISTOTLE UNIV, THESSALONIKI, GREECE HO ARISTOTLE UNIV AB A method for predicting and modelling material failure in solids subjected to impact loading is outlined. The method uses classical void growth models of Gurson and Tvergaard in a material point method (MPM). Because of material softening, material stability is lost. At this point, the character of the governing partial differential equations changes, and localization occurs. This localization results in mesh dependence for many problems of interest. For many problems, predicting the occurrence of material failure and its extent is necessary. To enable this modelling, it is proposed that a discontinuity be introduced into the displacement field. By including a dissipation-based force-displacement relationship, the mesh dependence of energy dissipation can be avoided. Additionally, the material point methods provides a means of allowing large deformations without mesh distortion or introduction of error through remapping. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lewis, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-590-3 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 1998 VL 2 BP 569 EP 578 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BM56F UT WOS:000079102900051 ER PT S AU Chhabildas, LC Konrad, CH Mosher, DA Reinhart, WD Duggins, BD Trucano, TG Summers, RM Peery, JS AF Chhabildas, LC Konrad, CH Mosher, DA Reinhart, WD Duggins, BD Trucano, TG Summers, RM Peery, JS BE Jones, N Talaslidis, DG Brebbia, CA Manolis, GD TI ALEGRA-code validation: Experiments and simulations SO STRUCTURES UNDER SHOCK AND IMPACT V SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structures Under Shock and Impact (SUSI 98) CY JUN, 1998 CL ARISTOTLE UNIV, THESSALONIKI, GREECE HO ARISTOTLE UNIV AB In this study, we are providing an experimental test bed for validating features of the ALEGRA code over a broad range of strain rates with overlapping diagnostics that encompass the multiple responses. A unique feature of the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Grid for Research Applications (ALEGRA) code is that it allows simultaneous computational treatment, within one code, of a wide range of strain-rates varying from hydrodynamic to structural conditions. This range encompasses strain rates characteristic of shock-wave propagation (10(7)/s) and those characteristic of structural response (10(2)/s). Most previous code validation experimental studies, however, have been restricted to simulating or investigating a single strain-rate regime. What is new and different in this investigation is that we have performed well-instrumented experiments which capture features relevant to both hydrodynamic and structural response in a single experiment. Aluminum was chosen for use in this study because it is a well characterized material - its EOS and constitutive material properties are well defined over a wide range of loading rates. The current experiments span strain rate regimes of over 107/s to less than 10(2)/s in a single experiment. The input conditions are extremely well defined. Velocity interferometers are used to record the high strain-rate response, while low strain rate data were collected using strain gauges. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Shock Phys Applicat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chhabildas, LC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Shock Phys Applicat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON S04 2AA, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-590-3 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 1998 VL 2 BP 603 EP 612 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BM56F UT WOS:000079102900054 ER PT J AU Hollerbach, R Glatzmaier, GA AF Hollerbach, R Glatzmaier, GA TI Mixed-parity solutions in a mean-field dynamo model SO STUDIA GEOPHYSICA ET GEODAETICA LA English DT Article DE mean-field dynamos; bifurcations; symmetries ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; GEODYNAMO AB We consider the effect of including both dipole and quadrupole parities in the previous mean-field model of Hollerbach and Jones (1995), which considered dipole parity only. Allowing for both parities, we find that the onset of dynamo action occurs at alpha(0) approximate to 6, in the form of a purely quadrupolar dynamo wave. A symmetry-breaking bifurcation then occurs at alpha(0) approximate to 11, beyond which the solutions are of mixed parity. The quadrupolar component still oscillates about a zero ti me-average, but the dipolar component about a non-zero average. For Even greater alpha(0) we obtain an unconnected upper-branch solution. In sharp contrast to the HJ95 pore-parity upper branch, however, this mixed-parity upper branch a's steady-state rather than periodic. Although it does not appear to be possible to connect these two upper branches by any simple sequence of bifurcations, we nevertheless suggest hour aspects of the mixed-parity branch may help in understanding features of the previous pure-parity branch. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Math, Glasgow G12 8QW, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hollerbach, R (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Math, Univ Gardens, Glasgow G12 8QW, Lanark, Scotland. OI Hollerbach, Rainer/0000-0001-8639-0967 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0039-3169 J9 STUD GEOPHYS GEOD JI Stud. Geophys. Geod. PY 1998 VL 42 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1023/A:1023384132017 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 127PV UT WOS:000076360500005 ER PT J AU Ganguly, S Zinn, J AF Ganguly, S Zinn, J TI Time-variations of D region electron densities, and comparisons with model computations SO STUDIA GEOPHYSICA ET GEODAETICA LA English DT Article DE D-region electron densities; D-region models; diurnal variation in mesosphere; solar flare effects; mesospheric models ID THERMOSPHERIC NITRIC-OXIDE; MESOSPHERE AB An extensive series of incoherent scatter studies of the ionospheric D-region was carried out at the Arecibo radar facility during 1978 and 1979. They included several full-day sequences of electron density measurements over a range of altitudes, and also included a sequence during the serendipitous occurrence of a large solar flare. For the solar flare event simultaneous data on solar X-ray fluxes in several wavelength bands were available from the GOES-2 and ISEE-3 satellites. In the course of development of a large ionospheric computer model at Los Alcamos we have used the solar flare data as a reality check. The solar X-ray flare data were used as inputs for computing ionization rates. The model computer includes 999 chemical reactions, and also includes diffusion and transport processes. In the course of the flare studies we used the data comparisons to adjust the values of three chemical rate coefficients that were poorly known. With those adjustments the model computations fitted the data quite well. Subsequent to the flare analysis we have been using the same model with some minor updates to compute the expected diurnal variations of the ambient D-region under conditions chosen to match those existing at the times of the incoherent scatter measurements. Comparisons of the computations and the data will be shown, and the relative importance of the several separate ionization processes will be discussed. We also compare model results with experimental data on concentrations of NO. C1 Ctr Remote Sensing, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ganguly, S (reprint author), Ctr Remote Sensing, 11350 Random Hills Rd Suite 710, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM Remote703@aol.com; jzinn@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0039-3169 J9 STUD GEOPHYS GEOD JI Stud. Geophys. Geod. PY 1998 VL 42 IS 4 BP 500 EP 510 DI 10.1023/A:1023397021520 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 156VU UT WOS:000078023400004 ER PT B AU Dale, VH AF Dale, VH BE Pace, ML Groffman, PM TI Managing forests as ecosystems: A success story or a challenge ahead? SO SUCCESSES, LIMITATIONS, AND FRONTIERS IN ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Cary Conference CY MAY, 1997 CL MILLBROOK, NY AB To manage forests as ecosystems, the many values they hold for different users must be recognized, and they must be used so that those assets are not destroyed. Important ecosystem features of forests include nutrient cycling, habitat, succession, and water quality. Over time, the ways in which humans value forests have changed as forest uses have altered and as forests have declined in size and quality. Both ecosystem science and forest ecology have developed approaches that are useful to manage forests to retain their value. A historical perspective shows how changes in ecology, legislation, and technology have resulted in modern forest-management practices. However, current forest practices are still a decade or so behind present ecosystem science. Ecologists have done a good job of transferring their theories and approaches to the forest-management classroom but have done a poor job of translating these concepts into practice. Thus, the future for ecosystem management requires a closer linkage between ecologists and other disciplines. For example, the changing ways in which humans value forests are the primary determinant of forest-management policies. Therefore, if ecologists are to understand how ecosystem science can influence these policies, they must work closely with social scientists trained to assess human values. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-98476-3 PY 1998 BP 50 EP 68 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL70E UT WOS:000076391800003 ER PT S AU Kim, C AF Kim, C BE Pavuna, D Bozovic, I TI New interpretation of the doping and temperature dependence of photoemission lineshape and its implication to the high T-c superconductivity. SO SUPERCONDUCTING AND RELATED OXIDES: PHYSICS AND NANOENGINEERING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Oxide Superconductor Physics and Nanoengineering CY JUL 20-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn, Oxxel GmbH Bremen DE photoemission; ARPES; lineshape; HTSC ID NORMAL-STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; GAP AB Recent findings in the experiments on high T-c superconductors by angle resolved photoemission are discussed. Detailed temperature and doping dependent lineshape studies on cuprates lead to a new interpretation of the photoemission data. The broad photoemission peaks which often extend to the Fermi level when they are a few hundred meV away from the Fermi level are not single states with very large broadening. Rather, the broad structure should be interpreted as a collection of states. It is found that the low energy part of this structure is involved in the pairing and, contrary to the conventional superconductors, the pairing occurs not only near the so called Fermi surface but also away from it. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2936-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3481 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.335879 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM36V UT WOS:000078506000003 ER PT S AU Hawley, ME Brown, GW Kwon, C Jia, QX AF Hawley, ME Brown, GW Kwon, C Jia, QX BE Pavuna, D Bozovic, I TI Substrate and growth related microstructural and magnetic properties in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films SO SUPERCONDUCTING AND RELATED OXIDES: PHYSICS AND NANOENGINEERING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Oxide Superconductor Physics and Nanoengineering CY JUL 20-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn, Oxxel GmbH Bremen DE MFM; STM; magnetic imaging; temperature-dependent growth; coercivity; CMR; magnetoresistance; LSMO AB Ambient observation of magnetic domain structures by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films has not been clearly correlated with stresses induced by kinetic growth processes or the compressive (LaAlO3) or tensile (SrTiO3) nature of the film-substrate lattice mismatch. Although domain-like magnetic structures have been seen for some as-grown films and related to substrate-induced stress and film thickness, no magnetic structure has been seen for other films grown under similar conditions on the same pair of substrates. In this study we have grown films over a range of temperatures by pulsed-laser deposition, using the above substrates, to determine the relationship between growth and stress-induced magnetic structures. Results from scanning tunneling, atomic force, and magnetic force microscopies, measurements of temperature-dependent magnetization and structure-dependent coercivity show the relationship between growth and magnetic properties. Maze-like domain structures, with separations between 150 nm and 200 nm, were only observed for the thicker films grown at the highest temperature, 800 degrees C. Application of an in-plane magnetic field converted these domain structures to stripe-like domains whose spacing and out of plane component decreased as the field was increased. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hawley, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G755, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2936-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3481 BP 348 EP 358 DI 10.1117/12.335911 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM36V UT WOS:000078506000038 ER PT S AU Tsay, YN Li, Q Zhu, Y Suenaga, M Gu, GD Koshizuka, N AF Tsay, YN Li, Q Zhu, Y Suenaga, M Gu, GD Koshizuka, N BE Bozovic, I Pavuna, D TI Electromagnetic and microstructural properties of pure c-axis twist Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta bicrystal junctions SO SUPERCONDUCTING SUPERLATTICES II: NATIVE AND ARTIFICIAL SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Superconducting Superlattices II - Native and Artificial CY JUL 20-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE bicrystal; Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta; c-axis twist; Josephson junction; critical current; misorientation angle ID <001>-TWIST GRAIN-BOUNDARIES AB Bulk Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212) bicrystals containing a single high quality [001] twist grain boundary junction were prepared in order to investigate the orbital symmetry of the superconducting order parameter in highly anisotropic Bi-based high temperature superconductors. The misorientation angles of the bicrystals ranged from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. The microstructure in the vicinity of the junction was characterized using high-resolution, nano-probe analytical microscopy. We found that some high angle twist junctions were able to carry a critical current density similar to their constituent single crystals. These results cannot be interpreted in terms of a pure d(x2-y2)-wave order parameter for superconducting Bi2212. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2935-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3480 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.332458 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM33E UT WOS:000078400000003 ER PT S AU Metlushko, V Welp, U Crabtree, G Zhang, Z Brueck, SRJ Watkins, B DeLong, LE Ilic, B Chung, K Hesketh, PJ AF Metlushko, V Welp, U Crabtree, G Zhang, Z Brueck, SRJ Watkins, B DeLong, LE Ilic, B Chung, K Hesketh, PJ BE Bozovic, I Pavuna, D TI Periodic arrays of pinning centers in thin Vanadium films SO SUPERCONDUCTING SUPERLATTICES II: NATIVE AND ARTIFICIAL SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Superconducting Superlattices II - Native and Artificial CY JUL 20-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE superconductivity; thin films; pinning centers ID INTERFEROMETRIC LITHOGRAPHY; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; FIELD; FLUX; LINE; MULTILAYERS; VORTICES; DEFECTS; PHOTORESIST; MICROHOLES AB Commensurability effects between the superconducting flux line lattice and a square lattice (period d=1 mu m and diameter D=0.4 mu m) of submicron holes in 1500 Angstrom vanadium films were studied by atomic force microscopy, DC magnetization, AC susceptibility, magnetoresistivity and I-V measurements. Peaks in the magnetization and critical current at matching fields are found to depend nonlinearly upon the value of external AC field or current, as well as the inferred symmetry of the flux line lattice. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Metlushko, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014; OI Brueck, Steven/0000-0001-8754-5633 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2935-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3480 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1117/12.332447 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM33E UT WOS:000078400000016 ER PT S AU Bulaevskii, L Koshelev, AE Maley, MP AF Bulaevskii, L Koshelev, AE Maley, MP BE Bozovic, I Pavuna, D TI Josephson plasma resonance as a structural probe of vortex liquid SO SUPERCONDUCTING SUPERLATTICES II: NATIVE AND ARTIFICIAL SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Superconducting Superlattices II - Native and Artificial CY JUL 20-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE vortex liquid; pancake; Josephson coupled layers; Josephson plasma resonance; columnar defects; interlayer correlations of pancakes ID COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTORS; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; VORTICES; DENSITY; EXCITATION; MODES; PHASE AB Josephson plasma resonance has been introduced recently as a powerful tool to probe interlayer Josephson coupling in different regions of vortex phase diagram. In the pancake liquid plasma resonance frequency w(p)(B, T) as function of the magnetic field B was obtained previously using the high temperature expansion. We further develop this approach and derive a general relation connecting w(p)(B) With the density correlation function of pancake liquid. The relation provides unique opportunity to extract quantitative information on the c-axis correlations of pancake liquid in crystals with weak and strong pinning from the dependence of plasma resonance on the ab-component of magnetic field at fixed c component. We discuss c-axis correlations in crystals with weak disorder and crystals with columnar defects produced by irradiation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bulaevskii, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2935-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3480 BP 170 EP 178 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM33E UT WOS:000078400000018 ER PT S AU Klemm, RA Rieck, CT Scharnberg, K AF Klemm, RA Rieck, CT Scharnberg, K BE Bozovic, I Pavuna, D TI Angular dependence of the Josephson critical current across c-axis twist junctions of layered superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTING SUPERLATTICES II: NATIVE AND ARTIFICIAL SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Superconducting Superlattices II - Native and Artificial CY JUL 20-22, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE superconductivity; Josephson junctions; order parameter symmetry; critical currents ID <001>-TWIST GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; ORDER-PARAMETER; HIGH-TC; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA BICRYSTALS; PAIRING SYMMETRY; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; SURFACE; STATE AB We studied theoretically the c-axis Josephson critical current for bicrystals of high temperature superconductors twisted an angle phi o about the c-axis with respect to each other. We used the effective Lawrence-Doniach models appropriate for the cases of pure s-wave or d(x2-y2)-wave order parameters, and of a dominant d(x2-y2)-wave order parameter combined with a subdominant one of either s-wave or d(xy)-wave form, as a function of the temperature and phi o Our results demonstrate that this new phase-sensitive experiment can serve as a very useful test of order parameter symmetry. In particular, the recent zero-field experiments in the vicinity of T-c by Li et al. on c-axis twist junctions of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta are very difficult to explain with a dominant d(x2-y2)-wave order parameter. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klemm, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2935-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3480 BP 209 EP 221 DI 10.1117/12.332455 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BM33E UT WOS:000078400000022 ER PT J AU Andreone, A Aruta, C Russo, ML Vaglio, R Crabtree, GW DeWilde, Y Iavarone, M Canfield, PC AF Andreone, A Aruta, C Russo, ML Vaglio, R Crabtree, GW DeWilde, Y Iavarone, M Canfield, PC TI Synthesis and STM investigation of rare-earth superconducting borocarbides SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Satellite Conference on Superconducting Materials Aspects - Research and Technology (SMART 97), of the 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 97) CY JUN 26-28, 1997 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM ID YNI2B2C THIN-FILMS; MAGNETISM; ERNI2B2C; LUNI2B2C; STATE AB Rare-earth borocarbide superconductors (RE-Ni2B2C) have recently attracted the attention of researchers because of their intriguing superconducting and magnetic properties, in the present paper we report on the in situ synthesis of high-quality thin films of these materials (RE=Y, Er) using planar magnetron sputtering. Low-temperature STM tunnelling investigations were performed on films and single crystals. The STM results, together with d.c. transport measurements, give strong evidence of the weak-coupling BCS nature of these compounds. A discussion of the magnetic vortex structure and of the interplay of superconductivity and magnetism is also included. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, INFM, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Ctr Supercond, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Naples, Italy. RP Andreone, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, INFM, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy. RI Iavarone, Maria/C-3628-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Aruta, Carmela/L-2957-2015; OI Aruta, Carmela/0000-0002-6917-6667; De Wilde, Yannick/0000-0002-5973-1460 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 11 IS 1 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/11/1/033 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YV411 UT WOS:000071820300034 ER PT J AU Fukuzawa, T Kim, SY Gustafson, TK Haller, EE Yamada, E AF Fukuzawa, T Kim, SY Gustafson, TK Haller, EE Yamada, E TI Phase transition in a two-dimensional dipole-oriented exciton system SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Bose-Einstein condensation; superfluidity-mixed system; phase transition-excition; excitons and related phenomena ID COUPLED QUANTUM-WELLS; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; COHERENT-LIGHT EMISSION; STATES AB A dipole-oriented two-dimensional exciton system in electrically biased GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells has been studied through photoluminescence. The system has a sample-dependent built-in random potential which traps excitons at low temperature. The average photoluminescence photon energy shows a sudden reduction when the excitation intensity exceeds a critical value at low temperatures. This suggests a phase transition from a Bose glass to superfluid phase. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 IBM Res Corp, Tokyo Res Lab, PRESTO, Kanagawa 242, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Iwaki Meisei Univ, Tokyo 198, Japan. RP Fukuzawa, T (reprint author), IBM Res Corp, Tokyo Res Lab, PRESTO, Kanagawa 242, Japan. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PY 1998 VL 23 IS 1 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1006/spmi.1996.0291 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ZA192 UT WOS:000072338200019 ER PT J AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, P TI Some foundational aspects of quantum computers and quantum robots SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE quantum computers; quantum robots ID MECHANICAL AUTOMATA; LOGIC GATE; ENVIRONMENT; INFORMATION; PRINCIPLE; CANNOT; STATES AB This paper addresses foundational issues related to quantum computing. The need for a universally valid theory such as quantum mechanics to describe to some extent its own validation is noted. This includes quantum mechanical descriptions of systems that do theoretical calculations (i.e. quantum computers) and systems that perform experiments. Quantum robots interacting with an environment are a small first step in this direction. Quantum robots are described here as mobile quantum systems with on-board quantum computers that interact with environments. Included are discussions on the carrying out of tasks and the division of tasks into computation and action phases. Specific models based on quantum Turing machines are described. Differences and similarities between quantum robots plus environments and quantum computers are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbenioff@anl.gov NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PY 1998 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 407 EP 417 DI 10.1006/spmi.1997.0519 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ZF523 UT WOS:000072906000005 ER PT J AU Ossandon, JG Thompson, JR AF Ossandon, JG Thompson, JR TI Stability of supercurrents in a BiSrCaCuO (Bi-2212) high-T-c superconductor with artificially created defects SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Bi-cuprate superconductor; vortex pinning; critical current density; columnar defects; photon irradiation ID SPLAYED COLUMNAR DEFECTS; 0.8 GEV PROTONS; CURRENT-DENSITY; FLUX-CREEP; TAPES; ENHANCEMENT; IRRADIATION AB Recent results in a systematic study of the stability of supercurrents in Bi-2212 tapes with randomly oriented, highly splayed columnar defects are presented as a function of defect density. The defects were artificially created by fission fragments of bismuth nuclei, fissioned by irradiation with energetic protons (similar to 0.8 GeV). Significant enhancements in the persistent current density J(p) are observed at all temperatures and fields. Also, a marked shift of the irreversibility line towards higher fields and temperatures improves considerably the capacity of the material for practical applications. Moreover, a significant decrease in the logarithmic decay rate S = dln(J(p))/dln(t) indicates a strong stabilization of the persistent currents. All features point to high effectiveness of this artificial pinning mechanism. However, the optimal proton fluence needs yet to be established. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 Univ Talca, Fac Ingn, Curico, Chile. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ossandon, JG (reprint author), Univ Talca, Fac Ingn, Curico, Chile. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PY 1998 VL 23 IS 2 BP 543 EP 550 DI 10.1006/spmi.1996.0485 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ZA747 UT WOS:000072396800053 ER PT J AU Nelson, JS Dawson, LR Fong, CY Hemstreet, LA AF Nelson, JS Dawson, LR Fong, CY Hemstreet, LA TI Strain compensation in lattice mismatched short-period superlattices SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE short-period superlattice; strain compensation; spin-orbit interactions ID BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES AB The electronic properties of [001] (AlAs)(n)-(AlSb)(n) short-period strained-layer-superlattices (SPSLS) lattice matched to InP, for n less than or equal to 4, have been calculated with a first-principles self-consistent pseudopotential method. The layer dependence of the interplanar relaxations, direct and indirect band gaps, and spin-orbit and valence band strain splittings are studied. Evolution of the superlattice states from the bulk constituents is discussed in terms of wavefunction mixing and band repulsion due to zone-folding. The band structures of the SPSLSs are compared with a disordered alloy of AlAs0.5Sb0.5 represented by the special quasirandom structure. We fmd that continuum models of the total valence band splitting (strain and spin-orbit) do not accurately represent the electronic structure of lattice mismatched SPSLS, due to strong mixing of the heavy-and light-hole states across the interface. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 Sandia Natl Labs 1113, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nelson, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs 1113, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PY 1998 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1062 DI 10.1006/spmi.1996.0437 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ZQ928 UT WOS:000073917100012 ER PT B AU Lesuer, DR Glaser, R Syn, CK AF Lesuer, DR Glaser, R Syn, CK BE Ghosh, AK Bieler, TR TI The evolution of grain size distribution during deformation of superplastic materials SO SUPERPLASTICITY AND SUPERPLASTIC FORMING 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm AB Grain size distribution and its evolution during superplastic deformation have been studied for two materials - ultrahigh carbon steel, which has a two phase microstructure, and a copper alloy, which has a quasi-single phase microstructure. For both materials, the distribution of initial grain sizes is very accurately represented by a lognormal function. As the materials are superplastically deformed, the distributions retain their lognormality throughout the deformation history. The evolution of the parameters characterizing the lognormal distribution (mean and standard deviation) have also been studied and found to vary in a systematic manner. Results can be used to specify the grain size distribution as a function of strain during superplastic deformation and thus should prove useful for computational studies in which grain size distribution is evaluated. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lesuer, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-398-8 PY 1998 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK53H UT WOS:000072464600004 ER PT B AU Vetrano, JS Henager, CH Bruemmer, SM Ge, YM Hamilton, CH AF Vetrano, JS Henager, CH Bruemmer, SM Ge, YM Hamilton, CH BE Ghosh, AK Bieler, TR TI Use of Sc, Zr and Mn for grain size control in Al-Mg alloys SO SUPERPLASTICITY AND SUPERPLASTIC FORMING 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm AB Tailored microstructures for superplastic deformation were created by the addition of up to 0.5% Sc, 0.1% Zr and 1% Mn to an Al-4% Mg alloy (all compositions in wt.%). By altering the composition and heat treat conditions, particle sizes could be manipulated to create either a recrystallization-resistant material, or fine-grained microstructures that did not coarsen significantly even at high homologous temperatures. Uniaxial tension tests at elevated temperatures revealed that the fine-grained materials were highly superplastic. Recrystallized structures were generated by aging the materials at 500 degrees C, which created large (>0.5 mu m) Al6Mn particles and fine, incoherent Al-3(Sc,Zr) precipitates, followed by cold rolling and heating. Grains as small as 5 mu m were formed even when the cold rolling reduction was as low as 66%. Microstructures resistant to static recrystallization were formed in samples with 1% Mn and at least 0.3% Sc by aging at 300 degrees C. This heat treatment formed fine Al-3(Sc,Zr) precipitates and Al6Mn particles though some Mn remained in solid solution. These particles effectively pinned the substructure even at temperatures up to 550 degrees C. Materials in this condition recrystallized dynamically when deformed at high temperatures. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vetrano, JS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-398-8 PY 1998 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK53H UT WOS:000072464600009 ER PT B AU Smith, MT Vetrano, JS Nyberg, EA Herling, DR AF Smith, MT Vetrano, JS Nyberg, EA Herling, DR BE Ghosh, AK Bieler, TR TI Effects of Mg and Mn content on the superplastic deformation of 5000-series alloys SO SUPERPLASTICITY AND SUPERPLASTIC FORMING 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm AB Superplastic 5000-series aluminum alloys have attracted interest due to their reasonable combination of cost, forming and processing characteristics. Most research to date has focused on 5083 (4.5% Mg, 0.8% Mn) or materials with higher Mg content. In-this study, several 5000-series alloys were processed with Mg levels varying from 2.5 to 4 wt.% and 0.25 to 0.8 wt.% Mn. The objective of the work was to better understand the influence of these additions on the ability to form and maintain a fine grain size, and to allow deformation by grain boundary sliding; It was found that grains smaller than 10 mu m could be formed with alloys containing as little as 0.25 wt.% Mn, however, at superplastic test temperatures (500 and 550 degrees C) excessive grain growth occurred in these alloys. At the highest SPF test temperature (550 degrees C) the amount of Mn necessary to maintain the fine grain size increased to greater than 0.4 wt%. The level of Mg had an effect on the recrystallization process with increasing Mg leading to a decreasing grain size. During SPF the principle influence of Mg was to increase intergranular strength and prevent premature failure due to the interlinking of cavities. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, MT (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-398-8 PY 1998 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK53H UT WOS:000072464600010 ER PT B AU Nieh, TG Kaibyshev, R Musin, F Lesuer, DR AF Nieh, TG Kaibyshev, R Musin, F Lesuer, DR BE Ghosh, AK Bieler, TR TI Superplasticity in a coarse-grained 6061 Al and the liquid phase effect SO SUPERPLASTICITY AND SUPERPLASTIC FORMING 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm AB Over the last decade, superplasticity at high strain rates (> 10(-1) s(-1)) has been reported in many fine gram structural materials, including Al-base and Mg-base composites, mechanically-alloyed materials, and modified conventional alloys. Many recent experimental results suggest that the presence of a small amount of liquid phase at interfaces or grain boundaries not only enhances the strain rate for superplasticity, but also has a strong influence on the deformation mechanisms. In the present paper, high temperature properties of conventional 6061 Al (grain size similar to 200 mu m) are examined. Tensile properties were evaluated at temperatures ranging from 500 to 610 degrees C, and at strain rate ranging from 10(-5) s(-1) to 2 x 10(-2) s(-1). Experimental results indicate that the ductility of the alloy depends upon both strain rate and temperature. The maximum strain rate sensitivity is about 0.7. The optimal tensile elongation (350%) was, in fact, obtained at 10(-4) s(-1) and 590 degrees C, slightly above the solidus temperature of the alloy (582 degrees C). The role of liquid phase on ductility is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-369, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Kaibyshev, Rustam/G-8804-2011 NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-398-8 PY 1998 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK53H UT WOS:000072464600014 ER PT B AU Jin, Z Bieler, TR AF Jin, Z Bieler, TR BE Ghosh, AK Bieler, TR TI Texture changes due to elevated temperature deformation of mechanically alloyed aluminum tensile specimens SO SUPERPLASTICITY AND SUPERPLASTIC FORMING 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Shaping & Forming Comm AB High strain rate superplastic (HSRS) deformation and texture evolution in mechanically alloyed aluminum IN90211 were investigated. Texture evolution was compared in specimens deformed at 475 degrees C and 0.0001 s(-1) (region I), 2.5 and 77 s(-1) (region II), and 330 s(-1) (region III). Initial (undeformed) textures consisted of two deformation texture skeletons similar to normal FCC rolling textures. These orientations were roughly maintained throughout deformation, but the changes in sharpness and rotations from the initial orientation differed significantly in the four specimens. The differences indicate that in region III, the dominant deformation mechanism is dislocation slip; in region II, the superplastic deformation occurs by grain boundary sliding (GBS), dislocation slip, and recrystallization; and in region I, GBS is the dominant deformation mechanism, and the rotations occur in the opposite sense as observed for slip in region III. These results indicate that high strain rate superplastic deformation in the reported conditions results from an optimal balance between dislocation slip and GBS, and that recrystallization events occur periodically. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jin, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-398-8 PY 1998 BP 197 EP 207 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK53H UT WOS:000072464600020 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV AF Pogorelsky, IV BE Lontano, M Mourou, G Pegoraro, F Sindoni, E TI Terawatt picosecond CO2 laser technology for strong field physics applications SO SUPERSTRONG FIELDS IN PLASMAS: FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY AUG 27-SEP 02, 1997 CL VILLA MONATERO, ITALY SP Int Sch Plasma Phys, Piero Caldirola, CNR, Ist Fis Plasma, Piero Caldirola, EURATOM, ENEA, CNR Assoc, Milano, Univ Milano,, Dipartimento Fis, Amministrazione Provinciale Lecco, Ente Nuove Tecnol Energia & Ambiente, CNR, Camera Commercio Lecco, Ctr Innovazione Lecco SpA AB The first terawatt picosecond (TWps) CO2 laser is under construction at the BNL Accelerator Test Facility (ATF). TWps-CO2 lasers, having an order of magnitude longer wavelength than solid state lasers, offer new opportunities for strong-field physics research. For laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA) the advantage of the new class of lasers is due to a gain of two orders of magnitude in the ponderomotive potential. The demonstrated large average power of CO2 lasers is important for the generation of hard radiation through Compton back-scattering of the laser off energetic electron beams. We discuss applications of TWps-CO2 lasers for LWFA modules of a tentative electron-positron collider, for a gamma-gamma (or gamma-lepton) collider, for a possible "table-top" source of high-intensity x-rays and gamma rays, and the generation of polarized positron beams. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 426 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1063/1.55268 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BK87H UT WOS:000073721500055 ER PT S AU Remington, BA Glendinning, SG Estabrook, K Wallace, RJ London, R Managan, RA Rubenchik, A Ryutov, D Budil, KS Kane, J Arnett, D Drake, RP McCray, R Liang, E AF Remington, BA Glendinning, SG Estabrook, K Wallace, RJ London, R Managan, RA Rubenchik, A Ryutov, D Budil, KS Kane, J Arnett, D Drake, RP McCray, R Liang, E BE Lontano, M Mourou, G Pegoraro, F Sindoni, E TI Supernova hydrodynamics experiments on Nova SO SUPERSTRONG FIELDS IN PLASMAS: FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY AUG 27-SEP 02, 1997 CL VILLA MONATERO, ITALY SP Int Sch Plasma Phys, Piero Caldirola, CNR, Ist Fis Plasma, Piero Caldirola, EURATOM, ENEA, CNR Assoc, Milano, Univ Milano,, Dipartimento Fis, Amministrazione Provinciale Lecco, Ente Nuove Tecnol Energia & Ambiente, CNR, Camera Commercio Lecco, Ctr Innovazione Lecco SpA AB We are developing experiments using the Nova laser to investigate (1) compressible nonlinear hydrodynamic mixing relevant to the first few hours of the supernova (SN) explosion and (2) ejecta-ambient plasma interactions relevant to the early SN remnant phase. The experiments and astrophysical implications are discussed. We discuss additional experiments possible with ultra-high-intensity lasers. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Remington, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012; Managan, Robert/C-5976-2014 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844; Managan, Robert/0000-0001-9444-1162 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-748-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 426 BP 551 EP 559 DI 10.1063/1.55258 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BK87H UT WOS:000073721500073 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV Ben-Zvi, I Babzien, M Kusche, K Skaritka, J Meshkovsky, IK Dublov, AA Lekomtsev, VA Pavlishin, IV Boloshin, YA Deineko, GB Tsunemi, A AF Pogorelsky, IV Ben-Zvi, I Babzien, M Kusche, K Skaritka, J Meshkovsky, IK Dublov, AA Lekomtsev, VA Pavlishin, IV Boloshin, YA Deineko, GB Tsunemi, A BE Andreev, AA TI The first picosecond terawatt CO2 laser SO SUPERSTRONG LASER FIELDS AND APPLICATIONS - LASER OPTICS '98 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Optics 98 Conference CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP S I Vavilov State Opt Inst, Inst Laser Phys, Russian Acad Sci, Gen Phys Inst, Russian Acad Sci, P N Lebedev Phys Inst, Tech Univ, Inst Fine Mech & Opt, St Petersburg State Univ, Russian Natl Ctr Laser Phys, Russian Acad Sci, Sci Council Coherent & Nonlinear Opt, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, SPIE Russia Chapter, Opt Soc Amer, European Opt Soc, Rozydestvensky Opt Soc, Govt St Petersburg, Tech Zentrum Nord, Germany, Thomson CSF, France, JENOPTIK Technol GmbH, Germany DE CO2 lasers; high-pressure gas discharges; picosecond laser pulses ID CO2-LASER AB The first terawatt picosecond CO2 laser, PITER I, is under commissioning at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility. PITER I consists of a single-mode TEA oscillator, semiconductor optical switch, and two stages of the multi-atmosphere amplifiers. We report on design, simulation, and tests of the 10 atm final amplifier that allows multi-terawatt peak power extraction in a picosecond laser pulse. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3157-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3683 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1117/12.334820 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics GA BM46Q UT WOS:000078822400003 ER PT S AU Gea, L Honda, S Boatner, LA Haynes, TE Sales, BC Modine, FA Meldrum, A Budai, JD Beckers, L AF Gea, L Honda, S Boatner, LA Haynes, TE Sales, BC Modine, FA Meldrum, A Budai, JD Beckers, L BE Gonsalves, KE Baraton, MI Singh, R Hofmann, H Chen, JX Akkara, JA TI A new approach to the fabrication of "smart" near-surface nanostructure composites SO SURFACE-CONTROLLED NANOSCALE MATERIALS FOR HIGH-ADDED-VALUE APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface-Controlled Nanoscale Materials for High-Added-Value Applications CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Baikowski Int Corp, CERAMEC, City Technol Ltd, Corning Inc, Eastman Kodak Co, Grp Fournier, Div Tilderm Syst, Johnson & Johnson, Natl Sci Fdn, Oldham S A France, Rhone Poulenc, Schlumberger Ind AB A new method for the formation of "smart" near-surface nanoscale composites has been developed. In this approach, small precipitates of active phases are embedded in the near-surface region of the material that is to be modified by a combination of ion implantation and thermal processing. The dispersion, concentration, and microstructure of the nanocrystals formed in the substrate material can be tailored through a careful choice of processing parameters - making this approach well suited to high-value-added, high-technology applications. The applicability of this approach to forming "smart" surfaces on otherwise inactive materials was established in the case of VO2 precipitates which were embedded in Al2O3 single crystals to create a medium suitable for optical applications -including optical data storage. Most recently, this concept has been extended to the fabrication of magnetic-field-sensitive nanostructured surfaces by forming magnetostrictive precipitates of materials such as Ni or RFe2 (with R = Tm, Tb, Sm) that are embedded in various single-crystal-oxide hosts. These nanostructured, active surface composites have been characterized using XRD. RES, TEM, and magneto-optical techniques. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gea, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-406-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 501 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL07J UT WOS:000074175600021 ER PT S AU Saunders, RS Kent, MS Small, JH AF Saunders, RS Kent, MS Small, JH BE Gonsalves, KE Baraton, MI Singh, R Hofmann, H Chen, JX Akkara, JA TI Block copolymer monolayers at surfaces SO SURFACE-CONTROLLED NANOSCALE MATERIALS FOR HIGH-ADDED-VALUE APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface-Controlled Nanoscale Materials for High-Added-Value Applications CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Baikowski Int Corp, CERAMEC, City Technol Ltd, Corning Inc, Eastman Kodak Co, Grp Fournier, Div Tilderm Syst, Johnson & Johnson, Natl Sci Fdn, Oldham S A France, Rhone Poulenc, Schlumberger Ind AB Monolayers on surfaces have become a topic of considerable interest over the last few years. This has arisen from the need to functionalize a surface so that its properties are different than the properties of the bulk material. This research has involved functionalizing copper surfaces to enhance adhesion to epoxy. We have accomplished this using block copolymers made by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP). In this paper we discuss the synthesis and characterization of these block copolymers and their segregated monolayer conformation at copper surfaces, including NMR, GPC, SANS, neutron reflectivity, and TOF-SIMS. We also discuss a comparison of block copolymers to SAMS for surface functionalization. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Saunders, RS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-406-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 501 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL07J UT WOS:000074175600036 ER PT S AU Schulz, DL Curtis, CJ Flitton, RA Ginley, DS AF Schulz, DL Curtis, CJ Flitton, RA Ginley, DS BE Gonsalves, KE Baraton, MI Singh, R Hofmann, H Chen, JX Akkara, JA TI Nanoparticulate film precursors to CIS solar cells: Spray deposition of Cu-In-Se colloids SO SURFACE-CONTROLLED NANOSCALE MATERIALS FOR HIGH-ADDED-VALUE APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface-Controlled Nanoscale Materials for High-Added-Value Applications CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Baikowski Int Corp, CERAMEC, City Technol Ltd, Corning Inc, Eastman Kodak Co, Grp Fournier, Div Tilderm Syst, Johnson & Johnson, Natl Sci Fdn, Oldham S A France, Rhone Poulenc, Schlumberger Ind AB The use of nanoparticle colloids for spray deposition of Cu-In-Se precursor films and subsequentd thermal treatment to form CuInSe2 (CIS) films has been investigated. In the present study, the metathesis reaction between Na2Se in methanol and metal salts (i.e., Cu(BF4)(2) and/or InI3) in pyridine produced CuSe, In2Se3, and CuInSe2.5 nanoparticle colloids. Purified colloid was sprayed onto heated molybdenum-coated sodalime glass substrates to form CuInSe2.5/Mo and In2Se3/CuSe/Mo precursor films. These precursor films were subjected to various thermal treatments in an effort to produce large-grained CIS films from the nano-sized precursors. The annealed CIS films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results of this continuing effort will be discussed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schulz, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-406-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 501 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL07J UT WOS:000074175600053 ER PT J AU Tammaro, M Evans, JW AF Tammaro, M Evans, JW TI Chemical diffusion in mixed adlayers and wave propagation in surface reactions SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE chemical diffusion; mixed adlayers; surface reactions; wave propagation ID REACTION MODEL; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NO+CO REACTION; KINETICS; CATALYSIS; PT(100); MEDIA; FRONT AB Spatial pattern formation and wave propagation in surface reactions are often controlled by the chemical diffusion of adsorbed reactant species in mixed adlayers. We characterize the intrinsically coverage-dependent and tensorial nature of such diffusion, emphasizing that these features result from the influence of site-blocking by coadsorbed species, even in the absence of other interactions. The coverage dependence is shown to depend on the relative hop rates of the various reactants. These features are also shown to significantly influence the spatiotemporal behavior in simple, atomistic lattice-gas models of surface reactions. This is illustrated with two examples: trigger wave propagation in a bistable system characteristic of CO oxidation, and the removal of unstable NO+CO adlayers, controlled by dissociation-mediated NO reduction. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM evans@ameslab.gov NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 395 IS 1 BP L207 EP L214 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(97)00833-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YW600 UT WOS:000071952800004 ER PT J AU Morgan, AE Dewey, SL AF Morgan, AE Dewey, SL TI Effects of pharmacologic increases in brain GABA levels on cocaine-induced changes in extracellular dopamine SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE cocaine; microdialysis; gamma-vinyl-GABA; Vigabatrin; nucleus accumbens; dopamine; GABA ID VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; RAT NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; INDUCED LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; RECEPTOR-BINDING SITES; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; POTASSIUM CONDUCTANCE; D2 RECEPTORS; NEURONS; BEHAVIOR; ACID AB Cocaine-induced increases in extracellular dopamine (DA) concentrations were measured using in vivo microdialysis techniques in the nucleus accumbens (NACC) of freely moving rats. In control animals, cocaine increased extracellular DA concentrations approximately 482% 60 min following administration, returning to baseline values 200 min later. When administered 2 h following an acute dose of gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG, Vigabatrin), cocaine-induced increases in extracellular DA were reduced to approximately 365% of baseline values. Chronic GVG administration further dose-dependently attenuated the effects of cocaine but did not alter the rate of increase or the rate of return to baseline values. These results indicate that GVG, a drug that increases brain GABA concentrations! is effective in attenuating the effect of cocaine on NACC DA. Taken with our earlier findings, these results support the targeting of brain GABAergic systems as a potentially effective pharmacologic treatment strategy for cocaine addiction. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH-49165] NR 69 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD JAN PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(199801)28:1<60::AID-SYN7>3.0.CO;2-A PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YJ362 UT WOS:A1998YJ36200007 PM 9414018 ER PT J AU Schlosser, R Brodie, JD Dewey, SL Alexoff, D Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Volkow, N Logan, J Wolf, AP AF Schlosser, R Brodie, JD Dewey, SL Alexoff, D Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Volkow, N Logan, J Wolf, AP TI Long-term stability of neurotransmitter activity investigated with C-11-raclopride PET SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE C-11-raclopride PET; test reliability; psychiatric diseases ID GLUCOSE METABOLIC MEASUREMENTS; C-11 RACLOPRIDE BINDING; BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN; REPRODUCIBILITY; VARIABILITY AB There is evidence for the shift of regulatory setpoints of functionally linked neurotransmitter systems as a basis of psychiatric disorders. C-11-raclopride PET, which has been shown to be sensitive to changes in endogenous dopamine and has a high short-term test-retest reliability, can be used to investigate different regulatory states of the dopaminergic system with respect to psychiatric diseases and pharmacological influences. Prior to these studies, the reliability of the method over time has to be established. The current study was performed in order to evaluate the long-term stability of the striatal dopaminergic system. Eight normal healthy subjects (mean age: 48.1 years; range: 24-75) were studied twice with C-11-raclopride PET two times under resting conditions with a mean time interval between the scans of 11.3 months (range: 1-19). The ratio of basal ganglia (BG) to cerebellar (CB) distribution volumes (DVs) revealed a mean absolute change of 6.94 (range: 0.0-12.87%) between study A and B. BG DVs mean absolute change was 6.30% (range: 0.55-30.46%), CB DVs mean absolute change was 8.65% (range: 3.51-16.33%). The mean change of the BG/CB ratio was -0.33% (range: 12.87-12.34%). BG DVs mean change was 4.55% (range: 4.2-30.46%), CB DVs mean change was 5.10% (range: -10.71-16.33%). The intraindividual differences between the two scans in our study were not significantly different as compared to the 24 hour interval test-retest data, which have been published earlier (repeated measures ANOVA with df = 11; F = 0.49; P = 0.50) [Volkow et al. (1993) J. Nucl. Med., 34:609-613]. The intraclass correlation of the DV ratio index was r = 0.81. The binding potential in the baseline scans and repeated scans showed a non-significant correlation with age (r = -0.58, P = 0.13). Interindividually, the DV ratio index revealed a mean of 3.18 (range = 2.55-3.68, SD = 0.42 in study A and of 3.16 (range 2.37-3.57, SD = 0.41) in study B. The intrasubject stability of the C-11-raclopride binding over a long-term period in normal human subjects suggests the feasibility of study designs investigating the long-term changes of the dopaminergic responsivity after pharmacological challenges. The baseline stability will also serve as a necessary reference for further dose-response studies and investigations of subchronical pharmacological interventions. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NYU,MED CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10016. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. RI Schlosser, Ralf/F-2822-2010 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00096]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH47277]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS15638] NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD JAN PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2396(199801)28:1<66::AID-SYN8>3.0.CO;2-A PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YJ362 UT WOS:A1998YJ36200008 PM 9414019 ER PT B AU Vogel, JS AF Vogel, JS BE Heys, JR Melillo, DG TI Accelerator mass spectrometry as a bioanalytical tool SO SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPICALLY LABELLED COMPOUNDS 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labelled Compounds (ISSAILC6) CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amersham Int plc, Merck Res Labs, Pfizer Ctr Res, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut AB This paper presents data that supports Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) as a valid bioanalytical tool for tracing long lived radioisotopes in uses as molecular labels or elemental tracers. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vogel, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-97863-9 PY 1998 BP 11 EP 20 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BM05R UT WOS:000077532200002 ER PT B AU Saljoughian, M Morimoto, H Than, C Williams, PG AF Saljoughian, M Morimoto, H Than, C Williams, PG BE Heys, JR Melillo, DG TI New tritium labelling reagents and techniques SO SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPICALLY LABELLED COMPOUNDS 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labelled Compounds (ISSAILC6) CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amersham Int plc, Merck Res Labs, Pfizer Ctr Res, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Tritium Labelling Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saljoughian, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Tritium Labelling Facil, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-97863-9 PY 1998 BP 193 EP 196 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BM05R UT WOS:000077532200036 ER PT B AU Lowe, OW AF Lowe, OW BE Heys, JR Melillo, DG TI Department of Energy perspective on isotope production strategy SO SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPICALLY LABELLED COMPOUNDS 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labelled Compounds (ISSAILC6) CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amersham Int plc, Merck Res Labs, Pfizer Ctr Res, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut C1 US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Lowe, OW (reprint author), US DOE, 19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-97863-9 PY 1998 BP 247 EP 250 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BM05R UT WOS:000077532200047 ER PT B AU Morimoto, H Williams, PG Weaner, L AF Morimoto, H Williams, PG Weaner, L BE Heys, JR Melillo, DG TI A survey of low level radioactive waste SO SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPICALLY LABELLED COMPOUNDS 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labelled Compounds (ISSAILC6) CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amersham Int plc, Merck Res Labs, Pfizer Ctr Res, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Tritium Labelling Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Morimoto, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Tritium Labelling Facil, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-97863-9 PY 1998 BP 661 EP 661 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BM05R UT WOS:000077532200142 ER PT S AU Gruen, DM AF Gruen, DM BE Serio, MA Gruen, DM Malhotra, R TI Chemistry of advanced materials SO SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ADVANCED MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis and Characterization of Advanced Materials, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc, Mat Chem Secretariat AB With the end of the Cold War and the increasing globalization of the U.S. economy, R&D expenditures must be increasingly justified based on future economic benefits. In the case of materials science, this justification is not difficult to make, since the results of these efforts are often closely linked on a fairly short time scale to important new industrial processes and products. In large measure, this is due to the fact that the hallmark of the discipline is its dependence on a mixture of basic and applied research and on interdisciplinary borrowing. In the organization of this volume, subject areas of current technological interest were chosen to provide an understanding of the important roles of material scientists, in general, and materials chemists, in particular, in the synthesis and characterization of advanced materials. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gruen, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3540-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1998 VL 681 BP 2 EP 5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BK30R UT WOS:000071740500001 ER PT J AU Griffith, JA McCauley, DJ Barrans, RE Herlinger, AW AF Griffith, JA McCauley, DJ Barrans, RE Herlinger, AW TI High yield synthesis of tetraethyl alkylenediphosphonates via the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; COMPLEXES AB A high-yield synthesis of tetraethyl alkylenediphosphonates was achieved via the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction. Application of optimized reaction conditions for a series of homologous alkylenediphosphonates establishes the generality of the approach. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Herlinger, AW (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6525 N Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 1998 VL 28 IS 23 BP 4317 EP 4323 DI 10.1080/00397919808004465 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 134PQ UT WOS:000076752100003 ER PT B AU Hughes, RC Patel, SV Jenkins, MW Boyle, TJ Gardner, TJ Brinker, CJ AF Hughes, RC Patel, SV Jenkins, MW Boyle, TJ Gardner, TJ Brinker, CJ GP IAP IAP TI Thin film porous membranes based on sol-gel chemistry for catalytic sensors SO TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON CHEMICAL SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (IMCS-7) CY JUL 27-30, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Educ Minist China, Sci & Technol Dev Minist China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing City Govt, Chinese Acad Sci, Ford Motor Co, KC Wong Educ Fdn, Kin-Tek Co, Medisense Co, State Key Lab Transducer Technol China, Beijing Sci & Technol Commiss AB Nanoporous sol-gel based films are finding a wide variety of uses including gas separations and supports for heterogeneous catalysts. The films can be formed by spin or dip coating, followed by relatively low temperature annealing [1]. We used several types of these films as coatings on the Pd alloy thin film sensors that we had previously fabricated and studied [2.]. The sol-gel films have little effect on the sensing response to H-2 alone. However, in the presence of other gases, the nanoporous film modifies the sensor behavior in several beneficial ways: (1) For a given partial pressure of H-2, the signal from the sensor is modified by the presence of O-2 and other oxidizing gases; this allows pattern recognition of responses from small arrays of coated and uncoated sensors to analyze gas mixtures. (2) the set-gel coated sensors are only slightly poisoned by high concentrations of H2S while uncoated sensors showed moderate to severe poisoning effects. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hughes, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Patel, Sanjay/D-2903-2014 OI Patel, Sanjay/0000-0001-9540-9957 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI BEIJING PA 137 CHAONEI DAJIE, BEIJING 100010, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-80003-423-2 PY 1998 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BM03V UT WOS:000077459200014 ER PT B AU Li, DQ Ma, M AF Li, DQ Ma, M GP IAP IAP TI Microsensors and nanoporous polymers for detection and removal of organic compounds SO TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON CHEMICAL SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (IMCS-7) CY JUL 27-30, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Educ Minist China, Sci & Technol Dev Minist China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing City Govt, Chinese Acad Sci, Ford Motor Co, KC Wong Educ Fdn, Kin-Tek Co, Medisense Co, State Key Lab Transducer Technol China, Beijing Sci & Technol Commiss AB Cyclodextrin thin films were fabricated using either self-assembled monolayers (SAM) or soi-gel techniques. The resulting host receptor thin films on the substrates of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators were studied as a method of tracking organic toxins in vapor phase. Monolayer cyclodextrin coatings on 200 MHz SAW devices yielded ppm sensitivity while thicker sol-gel coatings gave responses indicating middle-ppb-sensitivity (similar to 50 ppb) for those sensor-host-receptors and organic-toxin pairs with optimum mutual matching of polarity, size, and structural properties. Furthermore, the cyclodextrin polymers were found to be efficient in removing organics from water down to ppb levels; which rendered these polymers having great potential for advanced water purification. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, DQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI BEIJING PA 137 CHAONEI DAJIE, BEIJING 100010, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-80003-423-2 PY 1998 BP 44 EP 46 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BM03V UT WOS:000077459200015 ER PT B AU Shelnutt, JA Muzzi, CM Jia, SL Medforth, CJ Smith, KM Zhang, J Qiu, Y AF Shelnutt, JA Muzzi, CM Jia, SL Medforth, CJ Smith, KM Zhang, J Qiu, Y GP IAP IAP TI Optical reporter groups for sensing chiral chemicals SO TECHNICAL DIGEST OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON CHEMICAL SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors (IMCS-7) CY JUL 27-30, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Educ Minist China, Sci & Technol Dev Minist China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing City Govt, Chinese Acad Sci, Ford Motor Co, KC Wong Educ Fdn, Kin-Tek Co, Medisense Co, State Key Lab Transducer Technol China, Beijing Sci & Technol Commiss AB For chemical and biological sensing, molecular recognition centers that respond to the selective binding of chiral chemical species are needed. We are developing a novel type of chiral porphyrin as a chiral reporter group for chemical sensor devices. Molecular simulations are being used to guide the synthesis of these enantiomerically selective chiroporphyrin receptors for specified chiral substrates. One of the goals is to constrain the freedom of motion of functional groups attached at the periphery of the porphyrin ring to enable selective interactions of the chiroporphyrin with a target chiral species. An example of this type of chiroporphyrin receptor is zinc(II) heptabromo-mono-2-methoxyphenyl-tetraphenylporphyrin 1; this porphyrin has no chiral atoms, but is chiral because of restricted rotation of the 2-methoxyphenyl substituent. The single methoxy group asymmetrically incorporated into the receptor promotes enantiomerically selective binding and hydrogen bonding to substrates, as shown by proton NMR spectroscopy. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Theory & Computat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shelnutt, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Theory & Computat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI BEIJING PA 137 CHAONEI DAJIE, BEIJING 100010, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-80003-423-2 PY 1998 BP 62 EP 64 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BM03V UT WOS:000077459200021 ER PT J AU Fehner, TR Gosling, FG AF Fehner, TR Gosling, FG TI Energy: An annotated bibliography. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Fehner, TR (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 39 IS 1 BP 146 EP 148 DI 10.2307/3107020 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA YW246 UT WOS:000071913100019 ER PT B AU Jones, DW Paik, IK AF Jones, DW Paik, IK GP IAEE IAEE TI Economics and the evaluation of public funded energy R & D SO TECHNOLOGY'S CRITICAL ROLE IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual North American IAEE/USAEE Conference on Technology Critical Role in Energy and Environmental Markets CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Int Assoc Energy Econ, US Assoc Energy Econ, Aramco Serv Co, Atlantic Richfield Co, Conoco Inc, EDS, Elect Power Res Inst, Exxon Corp, Petr Econ Ltd, PNM Gas Serv, Sandia Natl Labs, TransCanada Pipelines Ltd C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA PY 1998 BP 162 EP 170 PG 9 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP27B UT WOS:000084536600018 ER PT B AU Tatro, M Woodard, J AF Tatro, M Woodard, J GP IAEE IAEE TI Revolutions in energy through modeling and simulation SO TECHNOLOGY'S CRITICAL ROLE IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual North American IAEE/USAEE Conference on Technology Critical Role in Energy and Environmental Markets CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Int Assoc Energy Econ, US Assoc Energy Econ, Aramco Serv Co, Atlantic Richfield Co, Conoco Inc, EDS, Elect Power Res Inst, Exxon Corp, Petr Econ Ltd, PNM Gas Serv, Sandia Natl Labs, TransCanada Pipelines Ltd AB Energy is key to the U.S. and world economies. Without it we could not manufacture and transport products, heat and cool buildings, or conduct domestic and international commerce. The development and application of energy technologies for all aspects from generation to storage have improved dramatically with the advent of advanced computational tools, particularly modeling and simulation. Modeling and simulation are not new to energy technology development, and have been used extensively ever since the first commercial computers were available. However, recent advances in computing power and access have broadened the extent and use, and, through increased fidelity (i.e., accuracy) of the models due to greatly enhanced computing power, the increased reliance on modeling and simulation has shifted the balance point between modeling and experimentation. The complex nature of energy technologies has motivated researchers to use these tools to understand better performance, reliability and cost issues related to energy. The tools originated in sciences such as the strength of materials (nuclear reactor containment vessels); physics, heat transfer and fluid flow (oil production); chemistry, physics, and electronics (photovoltaics); and geosciences and fluid flow (oil exploration and reservoir storage). Other tools include mathematics, such as statistics, for assessing project risks. This paper describes a few advancements made possible by these tools and explores the benefits and costs of their use, particularly as they relate to the acceleration of energy technology development. The computational complexity ranges from basic spreadsheets to complex numerical simulations using hardware ranging from personal computers (PCs) to Gray computers. In all cases, the benefits of using modeling and simulation relate to lower risks, accelerated technology development, or lower cost projects. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA PY 1998 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP27B UT WOS:000084536600020 ER PT B AU Drennen, T Kobos, PH AF Drennen, T Kobos, PH GP IAEE IAEE TI Fueling China's cars: Growth in passenger vehicle ownership, oil demand and carbon emissions SO TECHNOLOGY'S CRITICAL ROLE IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual North American IAEE/USAEE Conference on Technology Critical Role in Energy and Environmental Markets CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Int Assoc Energy Econ, US Assoc Energy Econ, Aramco Serv Co, Atlantic Richfield Co, Conoco Inc, EDS, Elect Power Res Inst, Exxon Corp, Petr Econ Ltd, PNM Gas Serv, Sandia Natl Labs, TransCanada Pipelines Ltd ID ENERGY C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA PY 1998 BP 350 EP 359 PG 10 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP27B UT WOS:000084536600039 ER PT B AU Nakata, T Lamont, A Watz, J AF Nakata, T Lamont, A Watz, J GP IAEE IAEE TI Impacts of CO2 constraints on energy systems in Japan SO TECHNOLOGY'S CRITICAL ROLE IN ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual North American IAEE/USAEE Conference on Technology Critical Role in Energy and Environmental Markets CY OCT 18-21, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Int Assoc Energy Econ, US Assoc Energy Econ, Aramco Serv Co, Atlantic Richfield Co, Conoco Inc, EDS, Elect Power Res Inst, Exxon Corp, Petr Econ Ltd, PNM Gas Serv, Sandia Natl Labs, TransCanada Pipelines Ltd AB This research examines the impacts of using carbon taxes and Btu taxes to reduce carbon emissions from the Japanese energy system. A partial equilibrium model of the Japanese energy sector has been developed to forecast changes in the energy system out to the year 2040. The model can account for the changes in energy technology capacities, fuels, and consumption in response to policy initiatives, such as taxes. We find that although carbon taxes are somewhat more efficient in some senses than Btu taxes, the difference is not large. Btu taxes have the advantage of encouraging a more diverse set of technologies and fuels, which may be an advantage since energy security is a primary concern to Japan. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA PY 1998 BP 386 EP 395 PG 10 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP27B UT WOS:000084536600043 ER PT S AU Rivetta, CH Hansen, S AF Rivetta, CH Hansen, S BE Lewis, H TI Friction model of the 2.5mts SDSS telescope SO TELESCOPE CONTROL SYSTEMS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Telescope Control Systems III CY MAR 20-21, 1998 CL KONA, HI SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, European So Observatory, Amer Astron Soc, Astron Soc Pacific, Canadian Astron Soc DE friction model; friction parameter estimation; system modeling AB The 2.5mts telescope designed for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is a mechanical structure that presents five degree-of-freedom. Azimuth, altitude and the instrument rotator axis are fitted with servo controls. The low frequency dynamic are dominated by the bearing friction. Several mathematical models have been presented in the literature to include its effect into the dynamic model of mechanical structures. The model employed in this paper includes consideration of the Striebeck effect, dynamic behavior at very low velocities and the pre-sliding at near zero-velocity. Results of the parameter estimation of the friction model of the three principal axes are presented as well as the behavior of the structure when different torque stimuli are applied. The mathematical model used to include the friction phenomena into the telescope dynamic model is simple. It does a good job of describing the friction over a wide range of velocities but particularly at or below siderial rate. It is a straight forward process to determine the parameters and, in simulations, does not require large amounts of computer time. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rivetta, CH (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2798-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3351 BP 466 EP 477 DI 10.1117/12.308811 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BL20B UT WOS:000074660800048 ER PT B AU Bernardo, LM Nordberg, H Rotem, D Shoshani, A AF Bernardo, LM Nordberg, H Rotem, D Shoshani, A GP IEEE, COMP SOC TI Determining the optimal file size on tertiary storage systems based on the distribution of query sizes SO TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management CY JUL 01-03, 1998 CL CAPRI, ITALY SP Ist Analisi Sistemi Informat, Consiglio Nazl Ricerche, Telecom Italia, Agenzia Autonoma Cura Soggiorno Turismo Capri, ENEA, Univ Roma Tre, Dept Informat & Autom AB In tertiary storage systems, the data is stored on multiple tape volumes where each tape is further divided into files. Since in many such systems the minimum unit of data transfer is a file, it is an important problem to march file sizes with the access patterns to the data. In general, if the file size is large relative to the query size it will lend to the transfer of large amount of irrelevant data whereas small file sizes will incur an overhead penalty associated with reading each new file. In this work, we analyze the relationship between file sizes and query response times and provide a methodology to compute the optimal file size given information about the distribution of query sizes. Exact closed form solutions for the cost function are given for two common distributions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Sci Data Management Res Grp, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bernardo, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Sci Data Management Res Grp, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8575-1 PY 1998 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1109/SSDM.1998.688108 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BL34C UT WOS:000075209000003 ER PT S AU Contreras, MA Egaas, B Dippo, P Webb, J Asher, S Swartzlander, A Ramanathan, K Hasoon, FS Noufi, R AF Contreras, MA Egaas, B Dippo, P Webb, J Asher, S Swartzlander, A Ramanathan, K Hasoon, FS Noufi, R BE Tomlinson, RD Hill, AE Pilkington, RD TI Changes to the electrical and structural properties of polycrystalline thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 materials by the use of thin MF (M=Na, K, Cs) precursor layers SO TERNARY AND MULTINARY COMPOUNDS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds (ICTMC-11) CY SEP 08-12, 1997 CL UNIV SALFORD, SALFORD, ENGLAND HO UNIV SALFORD AB The growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 polycrystalline thin films under the presence of selected Group Ta elements is presented. Some electrical, structural, and electronic properties due to the presence of such impurities are quantified. We present a model for the role of Na during Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 growth that attributes the enhancements in electrical conductivity and photovoltaic device performance to the annihilation of donor states (i.e., In-Cu) at the bulk and grain-boundary regions. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Contreras, MA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0438-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1998 VL 152 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BK92V UT WOS:000073874800077 ER PT S AU Wei, SH Zhang, SB Zunger, A AF Wei, SH Zhang, SB Zunger, A BE Tomlinson, RD Hill, AE Pilkington, RD TI Why is heavily-defected CuInSe2 a good opto-electronic material: Defect physics in CuInSe2 SO TERNARY AND MULTINARY COMPOUNDS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds (ICTMC-11) CY SEP 08-12, 1997 CL UNIV SALFORD, SALFORD, ENGLAND HO UNIV SALFORD ID COPPER INDIUM DISELENIDE; ENTHALPIES; ENERGIES AB Our study of the defect physics in CuInSe2 showed that (i) it is much easier to form Cu vacancy than to form cation vacancy in II-VIs. (ii) defect formation energies vary considerably both with the Fermi energy and the chemical potential of the atomic species, and (iii) defect pairs such as (2V(Cu) + In-Cu) have low formation energies in Cu-poor samples. These explain that (a) the existence of the ordered defect compounds in CuInSe2 is due to the formation of ordered array of (2V(Cu)(-) + In-Cu(2+)), (b) the efficient p-type self-doping is due to the exceptionally low formation energy of Cu vacancies and its very shallow energy levels, and (c) the electrically benign character for samples with large defect population is due to an electronic passivation or the deep levels, such as In-Cu(2+), by its attraction to easily-formed V-Cu(-). Our calculated defect transition energy levels are in good agreement with the available experimental data. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0438-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1998 VL 152 BP 765 EP 771 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BK92V UT WOS:000073874800178 ER PT S AU Yokoi, H Kakudate, Y Usuba, S Katoh, R Fujiwara, S Takeyama, S Schmiedel, T Tozer, S Jones, ED Wojtowicz, T Karczewski, G Kossut, J AF Yokoi, H Kakudate, Y Usuba, S Katoh, R Fujiwara, S Takeyama, S Schmiedel, T Tozer, S Jones, ED Wojtowicz, T Karczewski, G Kossut, J BE Tomlinson, RD Hill, AE Pilkington, RD TI Pressure effect on spin exchange interaction between excitons and magnetic ions in a CdTe/Cd1-xMnxTe single quantum well structure SO TERNARY AND MULTINARY COMPOUNDS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds (ICTMC-11) CY SEP 08-12, 1997 CL UNIV SALFORD, SALFORD, ENGLAND HO UNIV SALFORD ID MAGNETOPHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; CD1-XMNXTE AB Photoluminescence (PL) measurements in a CdTe/Cd1-xMnxTe (x=0.24) single quantum well (SQW) structure with different quantum well (QW) widths and bulk Cd1-xMnxTe (x=0.15) under high hydrostatic pressures up to 2.68 GPa and DC magnetic fields up to 30 T are reported. We analyze the Zeeman shift of the band-edge exciton PL peaks, taking into account a linear magnetization term, and obtain pressure dependence of spin exchange parameters. Negative pressure dependence of the sp-d exchange constant is found in the system with higher Mn concentration. A possibility that the hybridization is weakened due to pressure induced relaxation of the strain in the Mn-Te-Mn bonds is proposed. C1 Natl Inst Mat & Chem Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Himeji, Hyogo 67812, Japan. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1113, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Yokoi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat & Chem Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RI Kossut, Jacek/K-9481-2016; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Kossut, Jacek/0000-0001-6165-3169; NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0438-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1998 VL 152 BP 819 EP 822 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BK92V UT WOS:000073874800189 ER PT S AU Deb, SK AF Deb, SK BE Tomlinson, RD Hill, AE Pilkington, RD TI Ternary and multinary compound semiconductors for photovoltaic applications SO TERNARY AND MULTINARY COMPOUNDS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds (ICTMC-11) CY SEP 08-12, 1997 CL UNIV SALFORD, SALFORD, ENGLAND HO UNIV SALFORD AB Major advances have been made in recent years on the performance efficiency of thin film photovoltaic materials and devices based on the ternary and multinary compounds derived from the II-VI and III-V semiconductors. Most notable among these classes of materials are the multinary compounds like Cu(GaIn)(SSe)(2) and ternary material like GaInP2. World record efficiencies have been achieved at NREL and elsewhere in devices based on both of these materials. However, there exists a class of new multinary materials which, in principle, has the potential for applications in fabrication of low cost, environmentally benign photovoltaic devices. Many of these materials have hardly been explored. In this paper a brief overview of the current status of ternary semiconductors in photovoltaics and the future opportunities for research on new materials and devices will be presented. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Deb, SK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0438-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1998 VL 152 BP 923 EP 930 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BK92V UT WOS:000073874800212 ER PT S AU Engler, O AF Engler, O BE Schwarzer, RA TI On the influence of dispersoids on the particle stimulated nucleation of recrystallization in an Al-Fe-Si model alloy SO TEXTURE AND ANISOTROPY OF POLYCRYSTALS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Texture and Anisotropy of Polycrystals (ITAP) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL CLAUSTHAL ZELLERF, GERMANY DE recrystallization; nucleation; particle stimulated nucleation (PSN); dispersoids; EBSD ID TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; PURITY ALUMINUM AB The recrystallization of Al-alloys is controlled by precipitates. Whereas large particles generally promote recrystallization by particle stimulated nucleation, finely dispersed precipitates - either already present in the as-deformed state or precipitating during the recrystallization anneal - are known to strongly retard recrystallization. It was the aim of the present study to elucidate these concurring effects of large particles and small dispersoids on recrystallization in a ternary Al-Fe-Si model alloy. For that purpose, samples were prepared according to different pre-annealing treatments so as to comprise different states of precipitation and supersaturation. The evolution of microstructure and texture during rolling and recrystallization was characterized by metallography and by conventional X-ray texture analysis. EBSD-local texture investigations were employed to yield information on the efficiency of nucleation at the various nucleation sites and, consequently, on the influence of dispersoids on recrystallization. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Engler, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-802-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 273-2 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BL06V UT WOS:000074149800064 ER PT B AU Akbari, H Konopacki, SJ AF Akbari, H Konopacki, SJ BE Geshwiler, M TI The impact of reflectivity and emissivity of roofs on building cooling and heating energy use SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers ID MITIGATION AB Dark roofs are heated by the summer sun and thus raise the summertime cooling demand of buildings. For highly absorptive roofs, the difference between the surface and ambient air temperatures may be as high as 50degreesC (90degreesF), while for less absorptive (high-albedo) roofs, such as white coatings, the difference is only about 10degreesC. Measured data and computer simulations have demonstrated the impact of roof albedo in saving cooling energy use in buildings. Savings depend on the climate and the amount of roof insulation. The cooling energy savings for reflective roofs are highest in hot climates. A reflective roof may also lead to a higher heating energy use. Clearly, reflective roofs are not recommended for cold climates where there is no need to cool the buildings. Simulations also indicate that roof emissivity can have a substantial effect on both heating and cooling energy use. In cold climates, a low-emissivity roof can add resistance to the passage of heat flow out of the building and result in savings in heating energy use. In cooling dominant climates, a low-emissivity roof will lead to a higher roof temperature and, hence, a higher cooling load from the roof. In this paper we summarize the result of computer simulations and analyze the impact of roof albedo and emissivity on heating and cooling energy use. The simulations are performed for eleven representative climates throughout the country. Several residential and commercial prototypical buildings are considered for these simulations. In hot climates, changing the roof emissivity from 0.9 (emissivity of most nonmetallic surfaces) to 0.25 (emissivity of fresh and shiny metallic surfaces) can result in a net 10% increase in annual utility bills. In colder climates, the heating energy savings approximately cancel out the cooling energy penalties from decreasing the roof emissivity. In very cold climates with no summertime cooling, the heating energy savings resulting from decreasing the roof emissivity can be up to 3%. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Konopacki, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100003 ER PT B AU Desjarlais, AO Petrie, TW Childs, PW Atchley, JA AF Desjarlais, AO Petrie, TW Childs, PW Atchley, JA BE Geshwiler, M TI Moisture studies of a self-drying roof: Tests in the large-scale climate simulator and results from thermal and hygric models SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB Simultaneous experiments on the moisture behavior of six low-slope roof systems were performed in a climate simulator The systems were composed of a self-drying design over a conventional metal deck, a self-drying design over a significantly more permeable slotted metal deck, and four other systems over conventional metal decks: a system typical of U.S. construction with a liquid water permeable vapor retarder a system typical of European construction with a liquid water permeable vapor retarder a top-ventilated system with a polyethylene vapor retarder and an impermeable control system with a polyethylene vapor retarder The total weight of each test panel was measured and recorded continuously, along with temperatures and heat fluxes, to compare the behavior of the various systems. We imposed steady-state temperatures from hot summer to cold winter conditions to obtain the R-values of the construction dry insulations in each panel. Temperature cycles typical of hot summer days and mild winter days were then imposed above the construction dry assemblies to obtain baseline diurnal performance. Enough water was added under the membrane of each system to saturate a layer of blotting paper During the repeated diurnal cycles typical of hot summer days, the self-drying design over the slotted deck dried fastest, followed by the European construction with a liquid water permeable vapor retarder then the self-drying design over the solid deck. When water was added to the systems, the lower membrane of the top-ventilated system had been slit in several places and this system dried at a slow rate. When the lower membrane was removed completely, the top-ventilated system dried as fast as the self-drying design over the solid deck. The control system and the U.S. construction with a liquid water permeable vapor retarder dried slowly at about the same rate. We applied a one-dimensional thermal and hygric model. The solid and slotted deck were assumed to differ only in water vapor permeance. A model was not attempted for the top-ventilated system. The I-D model predicted very well the slow rates of wetting in the winter cycles and both the slow then fast rates of drying in the summer cycles before and after water addition; however it overpredicted the drying rate for the U.S. construction with a liquid water permeable vapor retarder. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Desjarlais, AO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 41 EP 54 PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100004 ER PT B AU Wendt, RL Livengood, SE Cavallo, JD AF Wendt, RL Livengood, SE Cavallo, JD BE Geshwiler, M TI Retrofit wall system for insulation and lead encasement in older multifamily housing SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB This paper presents an approach to modernization or rehabilitation of buildings with uninsulated masonry walls that have lead-based paint hazards or deteriorated plaster walls. The approach provides a solution to lead contamination on the walls, increased energy efficiency, and comfort improvements associated with better insulated building envelopes. The system sheaths or replaces damaged or contaminated walls with a tight, well-insulated, durable interior surface. The costs of this system are estimated to be less than those of other insulated wall systems. Modeling of the impact of this system shows significant improvement in energy performance. The energy savings over the life of this durable system contribute to significantly offset the oftentimes sizeable cost of lead hazard remediation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wendt, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 265 EP 273 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100027 ER PT B AU Griffith, BT Kohler, CJ Turler, D Arasteh, D AF Griffith, BT Kohler, CJ Turler, D Arasteh, D BE Geshwiler, M TI Rapid field testing of low-emittance coated glazings for product verification SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB This paper analyzes prospects for developing a test device suitable for field verification of the types of low-emittance (low-e) coatings present on high-performance window products. Test devices are currently available that can simply detect the presence of low-e coatings and can measure other important characteristics of high-performance windows such as the thickness of glazing layers or the gap in dual glazings. However, no devices have yet been developed that can measure gas concentrations or distinguish among types of coatings. This paper presents two optical methods for verification of low-e coatings. The first method uses a portable, fiber-optic spectrometer to characterize spectral reflectances from 650 nm to 1,100 nm for selected surfaces within an insulated glazing unit (IGU). The second method uses an infrared-light-emitting diode and a phototransistor to evaluate the aggregate normal reflectance of an IGU at 940 nm. Both methods measure reflectance in the near (solar) infrared spectrum and are useful for distinguishing between regular and spectrally selective low-e coatings. The infrared-diode/phototransistor method appears promising for use in a low-cost, hand-held field test device. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Griffith, BT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100033 ER PT B AU Griffith, BT Turler, D Goudey, H Arasteh, DK AF Griffith, BT Turler, D Goudey, H Arasteh, DK BE Geshwiler, M TI Experimental techniques for measuring temperature and velocity fields to improve the use and validation of building heat transfer models SO THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE EXTERIOR ENVELOPES OF BUILDINGS VII, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ASHRAE SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings Conference CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP US DOE, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerat & Air Conditioning Engineers Inc, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Environm & Thermal Envelope Council, Natl Res Council Canada, Chartered Inst Bldg Serv Engineers AB When modeling the thermal performance of building components and envelopes, researchers have traditionally relied on average surface heat-transfer coefficients that often do not accurately represent surface heat-transfer phenomena at any specific point on the component being evaluated. The authors have developed new experimental techniques that measure localized surface heat-flow phenomena resulting from convection. The data gathered using these new experimental procedures can be used to calculate local film coefficients and validate complex models of room and building envelope heat flows. These new techniques use a computer-controlled traversing system to measure both temperatures and air velocities in the boundary layer near the surface of a building component in conjunction with current methods that rely on infrared (IR) thermography to measure surface temperatures. Measured data gathered using these new experimental procedures are presented here for two specimens: (1) a calibrated transfer standard (CTS) that approximates a constant-heat-flux, flat plate; and (2) a dual-glazed, low-emittance (low-e), wood-frame window. The specimens were tested tinder steady-state heat flow conditions in laboratory, thermal chambers. Air temperature and mean velocity data are presented with high spatial resolution (0.25 mm to 25 mm density). Local surface heat-transfer film coefficients are derived from the experimental data by means of a method that calculates heat flux using a linear equation for air temperature in the inner region of the boundary layer Local values for convection surface heat-transfer rate vary from 1 W/m2(.)K to 4.5 W/m2(.)K. Data for air velocity show that convection in the warm-side thermal chamber is mixed forced/natural, but local velocity maximums occur from 4 mm to 8 mm from the window glazing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Griffith, BT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA BN 1-883413-70-2 J9 ASHRAE SPEC PY 1998 BP 337 EP 347 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BT72D UT WOS:000173846100034 ER EF