FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Penner, JE Chuang, CC Grant, K AF Penner, JE Chuang, CC Grant, K TI Climate forcing by carbonaceous and sulfate aerosols SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL RADIATION BUDGET; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; GREENHOUSE GASES; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; ELEMENTAL CARBON; BIOMASS; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; CLOUD; SIZE AB An atmospheric general circulation model is coupled to an atmospheric chemistry model to calculate the radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols. The latter aerosols result from biomass burning as well as fossil fuel burning. The black carbon associated with carbonaceous aerosols is absorbant and can decrease the amount of reflected radiation at the top-of-the-atmosphere. In contrast, sulfate aerosols are reflectant and the amount of reflected radiation depends nonlinearly on the relative humidity. We examine the importance of treating the range of optical properties associated with sulfate aerosol at high relative humidities and find that the direct forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols can decrease from -0.81 W m(-2) to -0.55 W m(-2) if grid box average relative humidity is not allowed to increase above 90%. The climate forcing associated with fossil fuel emissions of carbonaceous aerosols is calculated to range from + 0.16 to + 0.20 W m(-2), depending on how much organic carbon is associated with the black carbon from fossil fuel burning. The direct forcing of carbonaceous aerosols associated with biomass burning is calculated to range from -0.23 to -0.16 W m(-2). The pattern of forcing by carbonaceous aerosols depends on both the surface albedo and the presence of clouds. Multiple scattering associated with clouds and high surface albedos can change the forcing from negative to positive. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94500 USA. RP Penner, JE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM penner@umich.edu RI Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; chuang, cathy/H-4814-2012 NR 56 TC 225 Z9 230 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 14 IS 12 BP 839 EP 851 DI 10.1007/s003820050259 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 138GK UT WOS:000076963400001 ER PT J AU Virata, M Rosenstein, NE Hadler, JL Barrett, NL Tondella, ML Mayer, LW Weyant, RS Hill, B Perkins, BA AF Virata, M Rosenstein, NE Hadler, JL Barrett, NL Tondella, ML Mayer, LW Weyant, RS Hill, B Perkins, BA TI Suspected Brazilian purpuric fever in a toddler with overwhelming Epstein-Barr virus infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G AB We describe a toddler from Connecticut who developed purulent conjunctivitis, fever, and a morbilliform rash. Blood cultures were positive for Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius; further investigation was performed to assess the possibility that the illness was consistent with Brazilian purpuric fever, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the United States. This isolate shared morphological and some biochemical characteristics with previously studied H, influenzae biogroup aegyptius strains but differed according to slide agglutination testing, plasmid characterization, and ribotyping. Blood and tissue samples obtained during his hospitalization were also positive for Epstein-Barr virus. The child died 8 days after hospitalization. Fifty other cases of invasive H. influenzae infection were identified by active surveillance studies. Of the 49 viable surveillance isolates, 10 were biotype III (two of which had the same ribotype as the strain from our case). C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Virata, M (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, 333 Cedar St,CB 618, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1238 EP 1240 DI 10.1086/514988 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 137YQ UT WOS:000076945000021 PM 9827276 ER PT J AU Saltz, J Sussman, A Graham, S Demmel, J Baden, S Dongarra, J AF Saltz, J Sussman, A Graham, S Demmel, J Baden, S Dongarra, J TI Programming tools and environments SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 Univ Maryland, High Performance Syst Software Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Partnership Adv Computat Infrastruct, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, High Performance & Parallel Computat Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Math Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Saltz, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, High Performance Syst Software Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD NOV PY 1998 VL 41 IS 11 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1145/287831.287841 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 132YK UT WOS:000076659200013 ER PT J AU Zhu, J AF Zhu, J TI Ab initio pseudopotential calculations of dopant diffusion in Si SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TED (transient enhanced diffusion); boron dopant; carbon dopant; defect; ab initio pseudopotential method; impurity cluster ID INTERSTITIAL-CARBON; POINT-DEFECTS; SILICON; EPR; IDENTIFICATION; STATE; BORON AB The ab initio pseudopotential method is used to study transient enhanced diffusion (TED) related processes. The electronic degrees of freedom are included explicitly, together with the fully self-consistent treatment of the electron charge density. A large supercell and a fine k-point mesh are used to ensure numerical convergence. Such method has been demonstrated to give quantitative description of defect energetics. We will show that boron diffusion is significantly enhanced in the presence of the Si interstitial due to the substantial lowering of the migrational barrier through a kick-out mechanism. The resulting mobile boron can also be trapped by another substitutional boron, forming an immobile and electrically inactive two-boron pair. Similarly, carbon diffusion is also enhanced significantly due to the pairing with Si interstitials. However, carbon binds to Si interstitials much more strongly than boron does, taking away most Si interstitials from boron at sufficiently large carbon concentration, which causes the suppression of the boron TED. We will also show that Fermi level effect plays an important role in both Si interstitial and boron diffusion. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-417, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM zhul@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(98)00023-8 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 155MB UT WOS:000077949900003 ER PT J AU Caturla, MJ AF Caturla, MJ TI Toward a predictive atomistic model of ion implantation and dopant diffusion in silicon SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION-ENHANCED DIFFUSION; SELF-INTERSTITIAL DIFFUSIVITIES; B-DOPING-SUPERLATTICES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POINT-DEFECTS; GOLD DIFFUSION; SI; SIMULATION; BORON; PARAMETERS AB We review the development and application of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to investigate defect and dopant diffusion in ion implanted silicon. In these types of Monte Carlo models, defects and dopants are treated at the atomic scale, and move according to reaction rates given as input parameters. These input parameters can be obtained from first principles calculations and/or empirical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations or can be extracted from fits to experimental data. Time and length scales differing several orders of magnitude can be followed with this method, allowing for direct comparison with experiments. The different approaches are explained and some results presented. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Caturla, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Sci Directorate, L-369, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM caturlal@llnl.gov RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 55 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(98)00024-X PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 155MB UT WOS:000077949900004 ER PT J AU Gilmer, GH Huang, HC Roland, C AF Gilmer, GH Huang, HC Roland, C TI Thin film deposition: fundamentals and modeling SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LATTICE-GAS MODEL; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; STEPPED SURFACES; GERMANIUM FILMS; STRAIN-RELIEF; GRAIN-GROWTH; SOLID FILMS AB We review some of the principles of thin film growth. We begin with a description of the growth modes of films and relate the different structures to the thermodynamic driving forces and to kinetics. The influence of misfit strain, surface free energies, and interface energies are discussed in detail. In particular, we treat the instability of a moving crystal-vapor surface resulting from stress, and the stabilizing influence of step energies in the case where the surface is coincident with a low-index orientation below its surface roughening transition temperature. The introduction of defects by strain, high growth rates, and shadowing instabilities are described. A Monte Carlo model of Al is developed; the model parameters are derived from molecular dynamics calculations of atomic level energetics and kinetics. Anisotropies in surface energies and surface mobilities are found to be large, and have a strong influence on film structures. An extension of the model to polycrystalline films is included. Some of the issues involved in metallization of silicon devices are discussed using results from this model. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Huang, Hanchen/A-9323-2008 NR 79 TC 87 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 354 EP 380 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(98)00022-6 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 155MB UT WOS:000077949900006 ER PT J AU Collins, LA Kress, JD Walker, RB AF Collins, LA Kress, JD Walker, RB TI Excitation and ionization of molecules by a single-mode laser field using a time-dependent approach SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE time-dependent Schrodinger equation; Real Space Product Formula; pump-probe mechanisms; quantum control ID ELECTRONIC STATES; FEMTOSECOND; PHOTODISSOCIATION; DISSOCIATION; PROPAGATION; PUMP; K-2 AB We consider procedures for solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for the interaction of a single-mode laser field with a molecule, leading to electronic excitation, vibration, dissociation, and ionization. The temporal propagation occurs through application of Real Space Product Formulae, which scale linearly with the number of states and the number of radial mesh points. We extract basic bound-state properties such as potential energy surfaces and transition dipole matrix elements for configuration interaction calculations. Bound-free matrix elements come from electron-molecule scattering programs. We present several examples, including photodissociation of H-2(+) and pump-probe excitation-ionization of K-2. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Collins, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 114 IS 1-3 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00055-1 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 143VL UT WOS:000077277700004 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR Reinhold, CO AF Schultz, DR Reinhold, CO TI Elastic - Elastic scattering of electrons from ions and atoms SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE elastic; elastic scattering; differential cross section; electron-atom scattering; electron-ion scattering; electron-atom potential; electron-ion potential ID BINARY-ENCOUNTER PEAK; CROSS-SECTIONS; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; COLLISIONS; INTERFERENCE; EXCITATION; DEPENDENCE; 0-DEGREES; TARGETS; HE AB A computer program, Elastic, is presented which calculates the elastic scattering cross section as a function of scattering angle for electrons colliding with ions or atoms. The scattering is computed in an independent particle approach through calculation of the scattering phase shifts for an electron encountering a parameterized model potential. The functional form of the potential implemented is approximately valid for all ions and atoms and has parameters that are based on a fit of Hartree-Fock orbital energies (R.H. Garvey, C.H. Jackman, A.E.S. Green, Phys. Rev. A 12 (1975) 1144). The user could easily modify the program to utilize other forms however. An auxiliary program, Green;pot, is included which computes the parameters of the Garvey et al, potential for use in Elastic, for display and analysis of the potential, and for use in other applications. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 114 IS 1-3 BP 342 EP 355 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00084-8 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 143VL UT WOS:000077277700020 ER PT J AU Still, CH Langer, SH Alley, WE Zimmerman, GB AF Still, CH Langer, SH Alley, WE Zimmerman, GB TI Scientific programming - Shared-memory programming with OpenMP SO COMPUTERS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, X Div, Inertial Confinement Fus Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Still, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, X Div, Inertial Confinement Fus Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0894-1866 J9 COMPUT PHYS JI Comput. Phys. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 6 BP 577 EP 584 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 149NP UT WOS:000077611900018 ER PT J AU Schwenterly, SW AF Schwenterly, SW TI High-voltage testing of superconducting power apparatus SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE superconducting equipment; high voltage testing AB Superconducting power apparatus for commercial and utility applications must pass the same high-voltage tests required by national standards for conventional equipment. Various considerations which enter into development of high-voltage test procedures are summarized, and brief descriptions of the equipment and procedures used for common high-voltage tests are given. Actual high-voltage tests performed during several superconducting equipment development projects are summarized to illustrate the principles. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schwenterly, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV PY 1998 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1115 EP 1122 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(98)00068-X PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 156AQ UT WOS:000077979600007 ER PT J AU Keij, JF Steinkamp, JA AF Keij, JF Steinkamp, JA TI Flow cytometric characterization and classification of multiple dual-color fluorescent microspheres using fluorescence lifetime SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE bead-based assays; energy transfer; flow cytometry; instrumentation; lifetime ID DEUTERIUM-OXIDE; CELLS; FLUOROCHROMES; ANTIBODIES; BINDING; SIGNALS; DNA AB FlowMetri(TM) (Luminex, Austin, TX) microspheres were recently introduced as a platform for bead-based assays involving antibodies, enzymes, toxins, and nucleic acids. The procedure involves classification of the microspheres by their orange and fed fluorescence and quantitation of the BODIPY-tagged biological probes by their green fluorescence. In an attempt to increase the number of fluorochromes available for the biological probes, we explored the possibility of using excited singlet state Lifetime as an alternative to one of the fluorochromes. For a set of 20 dual-color microspheres the excited singlet state lifetimes were measured using the total emissions (>515 nm), the orange emissions (515-600 nm), and the red emissions (>665 nm). The microspheres could not all be resolved in bivariates of fluorescence intensity versus excited singlet state Lifetime. However, 13 of the microspheres could be resolved using the total emissions and lifetime. Although this result required both fluorochromes, the merits and limitations of this approach to other systems are briefly discussed. Cytometry 33:318-323, 1998, (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keij, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, LS-5,MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR013150, R01-RR07855] NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 33 IS 3 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19981101)33:3<318::AID-CYTO5>3.0.CO;2-C PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 135HC UT WOS:000076794900004 PM 9822342 ER PT J AU Chazal, AC Niewiarowski, PH AF Chazal, AC Niewiarowski, PH TI Responses of mole salamanders to clearcutting: Using field experiments in forest management SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma talpoideum; amphibians; clearcuts; forest management; mole salamanders; pine forests ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SALAMANDERS; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; POPULATION ECOLOGY; SITE PREPARATION; COASTAL-PLAIN; DENSITY; GROWTH; TOAD; BUFO AB Impacts of forest management practices on amphibian populations have received growing attention in the last 10 yr. However, to date, measured responses include only comparisons of species diversity indices and population counts without true spatial and temporal controls. We used an experimental approach to test for differences in growth rate, fecundity, age at maturity, and whole-body storage lipids in individual mole salamanders, Ambystoma talpoideum, placed in differently managed habitats. Four 100-m(2) field enclosures were built in each of two habitats, a 4-mo-old clearcut and an adjacent 40-yr-old pine forest. On 19 July 1994, 80 recently metamorphosed and individually marked, weighed, and measured (snout-vent length) A. talpoideum were randomly assigned to field enclosures (n = 640 salamanders). Between 31 October 1994 and 31 March 1995, salamanders were collected from the enclosures using pitfall traps. Body mass and length, whole-body nonpolar storage lipids, clutch size, and egg nonpolar lipids were determined for sexually mature salamanders. After an average of 5-6 mo exposure to clearcut and 40-yr-old pine forest, there were no significant differences between habitats for number of recaptured salamanders, final body mass, final body length, percent whole-body storage lipid, clutch size, or percent storage lipid of eggs. Our results suggest, in contrast to expectations based on many comparative studies with other species, that habitat modification resulting from clearcutting may not have detrimental effects on newly metamorphosed A. talpoideum. We contrast our experimental approach, with its strengths and weaknesses, to previous comparative studies and identify the inherent complexities involved in establishing a causal link between habitat management (clearcutting) and effects on amphibians. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Niewiarowski, PH (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 44 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1133 EP 1143 DI 10.2307/2640967 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141EL UT WOS:000077129600018 ER PT J AU Garrett, KA Dixon, PM AF Garrett, KA Dixon, PM TI When does the spatial pattern of weeds matter? Predictions from neighborhood models SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aggregation; area of influence; competition; economic thresholds; interference; neighborhood models; spatial pattern; spatial scale; weed-crop interaction ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; CROP-LOSS ASSESSMENT; SURFACE ANALYSIS; YIELD LOSS; COMPETITION; DENSITY; SCALE; HETEROGENEITY; INTERFERENCE AB Good management models for postemergence weed control require good estimates of which weed density produces an economic threshold yield. Because intraweed competition increases if weeds are aggregated, weed spatial pattern may be an important factor for inclusion in management models. Mathematical models of weed-crop competition have demonstrated that this may be the case, but the small number of field studies examining the effect of weed spatial pattern have given variable results. These studies have used sampling units at arbitrary spatial scales for determining the level of aggregation in weed counts. We suggest that the neighborhood size for weed-crop competition is a natural scale for considering spatial pattern. We modeled crop yield resulting from weed competition as a function of the economic threshold, the level of competition within the neighborhood, neighborhood size, and the type and scale of weed pattern. From the model results, we predicted which weed traits would produce large shifts in threshold weed density as weed spatial pattern varies. For these weed species, consideration of spatial pattern in weed management models is predicted to be important. The systems most sensitive to weed spatial pattern are those with low economic thresholds, less competitive weeds, smaller neighborhoods, and aggregation at the scale of the neighborhood. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Garrett, KA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1250 EP 1259 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[1250:WDTSPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 141EL UT WOS:000077129600028 ER PT J AU O'Neill, RV AF O'Neill, RV TI Evolutionary dynamics and sustainable development: Modelling the spatial dynamics of third world economic systems. SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP O'Neill, RV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 1505,MS 6306, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 219 EP 220 PG 2 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 155DN UT WOS:000077931100016 ER PT J AU Criss, RE Eaton, GF AF Criss, RE Eaton, GF TI Evidence for Proterozoic and Late Cretaceous Early Tertiary ore-forming events in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana - A discussion SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MINING DISTRICT; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN HALF; BATHOLITH; GEOCHEMISTRY; AGES C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Isotope Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Eaton, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Isotope Sci Div, L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1103 EP 1105 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 142BQ UT WOS:000077180400010 ER PT J AU Turner, MG Dale, VH AF Turner, MG Dale, VH TI Comparing large, infrequent disturbances: What have we learned? SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGY C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Turner, MG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Birge Hall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009; Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010 NR 26 TC 143 Z9 155 U1 7 U2 41 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 1 IS 6 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1007/s100219900045 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153CJ UT WOS:000077815300001 ER PT J AU Dale, VH Lugo, AE MacMahon, JA Pickett, STA AF Dale, VH Lugo, AE MacMahon, JA Pickett, STA TI Ecosystem management in the context of large, infrequent disturbances SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; ecosystem management; land use; recovery; spatial heterogeneity; succession ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; YELLOWSTONE FIRES; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; NATURE-RESERVES; HURRICANE HUGO; NORTH-AMERICA; PUERTO-RICO; LAND-USE; FOREST; ERUPTION AB Large, infrequent disturbances (LIDs) can have significant impacts yet seldom are included in management plans. Although this neglect may stem from relative unfamiliarity with a kind of event that rarely occurs in the experience or jurisdiction of individual managers, it may also reflect the assumption that LIDs are so large and powerful as to be beyond the ability of managers to affect. However, some LIDs can be affected by management, and for many of those that cannot be affected, the resilience or recovery of the system disrupted by the disturbance can be influenced to meet management goals. Such results can be achieved through advanced planning that allows for LIDs, whether caused by natural events, human activities, or a combination of the two. Management plans for LIDs may adopt a variety of goals, depending on the nature of the system and the nature of the anticipated disturbance regime. Managers can choose to influence (a) the system prior to the disturbance, (b) the disturbance itself, (c) the system after the disturbance, or (d) the recovery process. Prior to the disturbance, the system can be managed in ways that alter its vulnerability or change how it will respond to a disturbance. The disturbance can be managed through no action, preventive measures, or manipulations that can affect the intensity or frequency of the disturbance. Recovery efforts can focus on either managing the state of the system immediately after the disturbance or managing the ongoing process of recovery. This review of the management implications of LIDs suggests that management actions should be tailored to particular disturbance characteristics and management goals. Management actions should foster survival of residuals and spatial heterogeneity that promote the desired recovery pattern and process. Most importantly, however, management plans need to recognize LIDs and include the potential for such disturbances to occur. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vhd@ornl.gov RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009 NR 94 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 1 IS 6 BP 546 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s100219900050 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 153CJ UT WOS:000077815300006 ER PT J AU Hirst, E Kirby, B AF Hirst, E Kirby, B TI Operating reserves and bulk-power reliability SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Operating reserves are the front lines in the defense of electric systems against major generation and transmission outages. Operating reserves are provided by generating units that can increase their output rapidly to restore the system to generation/load balance after a major disturbance occurs. We examine the functions of and the requirements for operating reserves, and the data and analysis that support minimum-operating-reserve requirements. We obtained data on the number and severity of generator outages for three large US electrical systems, including a power pool, a regional reliability council, and a utility. These data show a range of 15 to 40 major (> 500 MW) outages a year for systems ranging in size from 20,000 to 48,000 MW of peak demand. Finally, we discuss several emerging issues related to the underlying technical support for minimum reserve requirements, alternative ways to pay for these reserves, the data needed to support the analysis of these requirements, and the mix of functions that are currently included within operating reserves. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hirst, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD NOV PY 1998 VL 23 IS 11 BP 949 EP 959 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(98)00036-X PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 137BE UT WOS:000076892900005 ER PT J AU Miller, JT Fisher, RB Thiyagarajan, P Winans, RE Hunt, JE AF Miller, JT Fisher, RB Thiyagarajan, P Winans, RE Hunt, JE TI Subfractionation and characterization of Mayan asphaltene SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; HEAVY OIL; PETROLEUM FEEDSTOCKS; ATHABASCA BITUMEN; THERMAL-CRACKING; HYDROCRACKING; SPECTROSCOPY; PRODUCTS AB Mayan crude, residuum, and hydrocracked asphaltenes have been separated into two fractions by extended Soxhlet extraction in It-heptane. Although the solubility, composition, and molecular structures differ slightly, the greatest difference between the two asphaltene fractions is the degree to which they associate in solution. The vapor-phase osmometry molecular weight, molecular size by size-exclusion chromatography, and small-angle neutron scattering indicate that approximately 25% of Mayan asphaltene is not highly associated in aromatic solvents and, thus, is noncolloidal. By contrast, the remaining asphaltene forms large, rodlike colloidal particles in solution and has a higher apparent molecular weight. Although laser desorption mass spectrometry indicates that the molecular weight of the individual molecules in maltenes and asphaltenes is not very different, high-resolution mass spectrometry indicates that the size of the aromatic core of asphaltenes is significantly larger than those in maltenes. Furthermore, the tendency of the residuum fractions to form coke during thermal cracking is likely related to the size of the largest polyaromatic rings. C1 Amoco Res Ctr, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miller, JT (reprint author), Amoco Res Ctr, E-1F,150 W Warrenville Rd, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. NR 49 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1290 EP 1298 DI 10.1021/ef9800664 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 140TH UT WOS:000077104100034 ER PT J AU Monazam, ER Shadle, LJ Evans, R Schroeder, K AF Monazam, ER Shadle, LJ Evans, R Schroeder, K TI Water adsorption and desorption by goals and chars SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID COAL AB An investigation was carried out on the adsorption and desorption of moisture in chars of low-rank coal. Equilibrium moisture sorptions of dry and moist chars were measured at room temperature and at a relative humidity of 30% and 80%. On the basis of these measurements, a simple mathematical model was developed to predict both the rate and the level of hydration for coals and chars. The formulation uses a shrinking core model which required only the measurement of the adsorbing material's equilibrium moisture content at different temperatures and humidities. The model was validated against experimental and literature data. It accurately and reliably predicted both the rate and extent of hydration and dehydration for coals and char. Using this model, the effects of varying temperatures, relative humidities, and size of the particles and coal pile were simulated. The sensitivity study demonstrated that, as expected, relative humidity and temperature had strong effects on both the rate of hydration and the equilibrium moisture of coal or char. The particle size dramatically influenced the rate of hydration but had no affect on the equilibrium moisture content. This model can be used effectively to simulate the impact of moisture on drying, storage, and spontaneous combustion of coals and coal-derived chars. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Shadle, LJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1299 EP 1304 DI 10.1021/ef9800720 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 140TH UT WOS:000077104100035 ER PT J AU Monazam, ER Shadle, LJ Shamsi, A AF Monazam, ER Shadle, LJ Shamsi, A TI Spontaneous combustion of char stockpiles SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; COAL STOCKPILES; MODEL; CONVECTION AB A transient one-dimensional spontaneous heating model has been formulated to describe the spontaneous heating process at relatively low temperatures. The model consists of three differential equations describing the temperature, oxygen, and moisture concentration in a char pile. These equations have been solved numerically by a finite difference technique, and the influence of the initial char temperature, char reactivity, particle size, and moisture content on the process of spontaneous heating have been examined. Sensitivities are presented for the most important factors affecting the self-heating of coal, including a comparison of coal pile characteristics with and without moisture adsorption, desorption, and migration. This model was also validated against data from large-scale spontaneous heating tests. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Shadle, LJ (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. OI Shadle, Lawrence/0000-0002-6283-3628 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1305 EP 1312 DI 10.1021/ef980094m PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 140TH UT WOS:000077104100036 ER PT J AU Wang, W Huang, Y Rosakis, AJ Liu, C AF Wang, W Huang, Y Rosakis, AJ Liu, C TI Effect of elastic mismatch in intersonic crack propagation along a bimaterial interface SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE elastic mismatch; intersonic crack propagation; interface ID GROWTH; MECHANICS; FIELDS AB Recent experiments showed that the speed of a crack tip propagating along a bimaterial interface can exceed the shear wave speed of the more compliant constituent in the bimaterial. This experimental observation has motivated analytical and numerical investigation on fast crack growth. Among these investigations, Huang et al. obtained a simple, analytic full-field solution for an elastic/rigid bimaterial with crack-face contact. Although this solution compares quite favorably with all available experimental data, it is not clear which bimaterial can be approximated by the elastic/rigid model. In this paper, we use the method of analytical continuation to obtain the asymptotic stress fields near the crack tip and near the trailing end of the contact zone. It is established that the elastic/rigid model is an excellent approximation to all bimaterials that have been used in fast crack growth experiments. Therefore, the simple, analytic solution of elastic/rigid model provides a useful means for analyzing experimental fringe patterns and data. It is shown that, as the elastic mismatch decreases, the elastic/rigid model may become invalid. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM huang9@uiuc.edu RI Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 61 IS 5-6 BP 471 EP 485 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(98)00089-7 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 154EM UT WOS:000077875700001 ER PT J AU Singer, BC Harley, RA Littlejohn, D Ho, J Vo, T AF Singer, BC Harley, RA Littlejohn, D Ho, J Vo, T TI Scaling of infrared remote sensor hydrocarbon measurements for motor vehicle emission inventory calculations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXHAUST EMISSIONS; PROGRAM AB Infrared (IR) remote sensors calibrated with propane understate volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in vehicle exhaust by 30-70% when compared to flame ionization detectors (FID). The difference depends on VOC composition and arises because many organic compounds in vehicle exhaust absorb less IR radiation than propane bn a per-carbon basis. This study demonstrates an approach for scaling infrared measurements to reflect more accurately total exhaust VOC emissions from on-road motor vehicle fleets. Infrared versus flame ionization detector response to individual VOC was measured in the laboratory for methyl tert-butyl ether and a range bf alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics that are prominent in vehicle exhaust. Overall IR/FID response to real exhaust mixtures was calculated by summing the response contributions of all individual VOC constituents. Average IR/FID response factors were calculated for typical on-road vehicle fleets based on VOC speciation profiles measured in several U.S. roadway tunnels. Results indicate that hydrocarbon concentrations measured by remote sensors with 3.4 mu m filters should be multiplied by a factor of 2.0 +/- 0.1 for light-duty vehicles using either California or federal reformulated gasoline blends and by 2.2 +/- 0.1 when conventional gasoline is used. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Air Reosurces Board, Mobile Source Operat Div, Vehicle Testing Branch, El Monte, CA 91731 USA. RP Harley, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM harley@ce.berkeley.edu RI Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016 OI Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917 NR 26 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 21 BP 3241 EP 3248 DI 10.1021/es980392y PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136GJ UT WOS:000076850200019 ER PT J AU Wan, JM Tokunaga, TK AF Wan, JM Tokunaga, TK TI Measuring partition coefficients of colloids at air-water interfaces SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEAWATER; ENRICHMENT; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; MODEL; SEA AB Quantification of surface excesses of colloidal particles at gas-liquid interfaces under environmentally relevant conditions has not previously been reported, despite its importance in understanding and predicting partitioning, transport, and transformations of colloids and other organic and metal species complexed onto colloids in many natural environments and engineered systems. In this study, we developed a bubble column method for measuring partition coefficients of colloids at air-water interfaces. The method was validated by comparing the adsorption isotherm constant for a surfactant measured using our method with that determined from conventional surface tension measurements and the Gibbs absorption equation. The first measured partition coefficients of kaolinite and humic colloids at the air-water interfaces are reported. The bubble column method can also be used to identify surface exclusion of colloids at the air-water interface. By extension, this method will permit quantification of surface activities of a wide range of inorganic, organic, and microbial colloids as well as molecular species complexed onto colloids. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wan, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwan@lbl.gov RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 21 BP 3293 EP 3298 DI 10.1021/es980228a PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136GJ UT WOS:000076850200026 ER PT J AU Zhang, PC Ryan, JA AF Zhang, PC Ryan, JA TI Formation of pyromorphite in anglesite hydroxyapatite suspensions under varying pH conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAD IMMOBILIZATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; APATITE; PB; ORTHOPHOSPHATES; BIOAVAILABILITY; DISSOLUTION; STABILITY AB Addition of phosphate to lead [Pb(II)]-contaminated soil to immobilize soil Pb by formation of pyromorphite has been proposed as an alternative remediation technique. Lead sulfate (PbSO4, anglesite), a Pb-hearing form found in contaminated soils and wastes, was reacted with a synthetic phosphate mineral, hydroxyapatite [Ca-5(PO4)(3)-OH], under constant pH (pH 2-7) and simulated gastric pH conditions (pH varied from 2 to 7 within 30 min) to assess the effects of reaction kinetics on the formation rate of chloropyromorphite and the solubility of Pb. Under constant pH condition, complete transformation of anglesite to chloropyromorphite, [Pb-5(PO4)(3)Cl], was obtained at pH 4 and pH 5. At pH 6 and pH 7, the newly formed chloropyromorphite precipitated on the surface of undissolved apatite. The coverage of the apatite surface may reduce apatite dissolution rate and the transformation rate of Pb from anglesite to chloropyromorphite. Increasing the P/Pb ratio increased the transformation rate, but anglesite was still present after a 120-min reaction time. In the dynamic pH system, the added apatite was rapidly dissolved at the initial low pH, and complete transformation of anglesite to chloropyromorphite was obtained within 25 min. The soluble Pb level was controlled by the solubility of chloropyromorphite during the entire reaction process. These results demonstrate the effect of reaction kinetics on the formation rate of chloropyromorphite and the mechanisms controlling the solubilization of Pb in the anglesite-apatite system. Furthermore, they illustrate that a complete transformation of ingested anglesite to chloropyromorphite can be achieved under gastrointestinal tract pH conditions if sufficient phosphate is provided. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Zhang, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, MS 0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 21 BP 3318 EP 3324 DI 10.1021/es980232m PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136GJ UT WOS:000076850200030 ER PT J AU Gu, B Liang, L Dickey, MJ Yin, X Dai, S AF Gu, B Liang, L Dickey, MJ Yin, X Dai, S TI Reductive precipitation of uranium(VI) by zero-valent iron SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU REMEDIATION; SUBSURFACE REMEDIATION; CHROMATE REDUCTION; GROUNDWATER; ADSORPTION; URANYL; CORROSION; SORPTION; PRODUCTS; METALS AB This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of zero-valent iron (Fe-0) and several adsorbent materials in removing uranium (U) from contaminated groundwater and to investigate the rates and mechanisms that are involved in the reactions. Fe-0 filings were used as reductants, and the adsorbents included peat materials, iron oxides, and a carbon-based sorbent (Cercona Bone-Char). Results indicate that Fe-0 filings are much more effective than the adsorbents in removing uranyl (UO22+) from the aqueous solution. Nearly 100% of U was removed through reactions with Fe-0 at an initial concentration up to 76 mM (or 18 000 mg of U/L). Results from the batch adsorption and desorption and from spectroscopic studies indicate that reductive precipitation of U on Fe-0 is the major reaction pathway. Only a small percentage (<4%) of UO22+ appeared to be adsorbed on the corrosion products of Fe-0 and could be desorbed by leaching with a carbonate solution. The study also showed that the reduced U(IV) species on Fe-0 surfaces could be reoxidized and potentially remobilized when the reduced system becomes more oxidized. Results of this research support the application of the permeable reactive barrier technology using Fe-0 as a reactive media to intercept U and other groundwater contaminants migrating to the tributaries of Bear Creek at the U.S. Department of Energy's Y-12 Plant located in Oak Ridge, TN. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wales, Dept Earth Sci, Cardiff CF1 3YE, S Glam, Wales. RP Gu, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 39 TC 196 Z9 202 U1 10 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 21 BP 3366 EP 3373 DI 10.1021/es980010o PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136GJ UT WOS:000076850200037 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, JNS McKone, TE AF Eisenberg, JNS McKone, TE TI Decision tree method for the classification of chemical pollutants: Incorporation of across-chemical variability and within-chemical uncertainty SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB We have developed a decision tree methodology for the classification of chemicals by estimates of potential human exposure. The steps involved in the construction of a decision tree are as follows. Monte Carte simulations are conducted by randomly sampling chemical and environmental properties, whose range of values represents the variability of parameters across a defined set of chemicals and environmental conditions. The tree structure is then defined by a series of constraints placed on the various chemical and environmental properties using the Classification and Regression Tree Algorithm (CART). Each node of the tree is associated with a human exposure value and is considered a bin, which classifies chemicals whose properties are consistent with those parametric constraints associated with the particular node. In addition to being associated with parametric constraints, each bin or tree node is associated with a human exposure level. In this manner, the tree structure functions as a template from which a set of chemicals are classified into parametric regions that are associated with an exposure level. Three important properties of this classification approach are as follows: (a) The variability across this chemical set is described by the template. (b) Parameter correlations are described by assessing which bins are represented by at least one chemical. (c) The sensitivity of the classification is assessed using both the uncertainty of the values for a particular chemical and any uncertainty or variability associated with site-specific exposure and environmental properties. To illustrate these properties, a case study was conducted in which exposures were estimated using the multimedia exposure model CalTOX assuming a regional chemical release into soil. A decision tree template was constructed and then used to classify 79 chemicals. Analysis of the simulation outputs identified 4 out of 14 chemical properties whose value ranges played the dominant role in the classification of chemicals into exposure ranges (R-2 = 0.78); i.e., 78% of the exposure variation seen in the data could be explained using only 4 of the 14 chemical properties that are known to affect chemical fate and transport. The most important classifier was the half-life in root-zone soil, tau(s). In addition, a sensitivity analysis of 93 site-specific environmental and exposure properties suggested that only four of these factors influenced the classification. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eisenberg, JNS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 21 BP 3396 EP 3404 DI 10.1021/es970975s PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136GJ UT WOS:000076850200041 ER PT J AU Evans, JC Huckaby, JL Mitroshkov, AV Julya, JL Hayes, JC Edwards, JA Sasaki, LM AF Evans, JC Huckaby, JL Mitroshkov, AV Julya, JL Hayes, JC Edwards, JA Sasaki, LM TI 32-week holding-time study of SUMMA polished canisters and triple sorbent traps used to sample organic constituents in radioactive waste tank vapor headspace SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT AIR; COLLECTION; STORAGE AB Two sampling methods [SUMMA polished canisters and triple sorbent traps (TSTs)] were compared for long-term storage of trace organic vapor samples collected from the headspaces of high-level radioactive, waste ranks at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Sire in Washington State. The two methods were found to provide generally equivalent results. Because safety, quality assurance, radiological controls, and somewhat complex sample custody arrangements frequently precluded rapid analysis,the longterm stability of the sampling media during storage needed to be addressed. Samples were analyzed with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) using cryogenic preconcentration or thermal desorption sample introduction techniques. SUMMA canister samples were also analyzed for total non-methane organic compounds (TNMOC) by GC/flame ionization detector (FID) using EPA Compendium Method T0-12. The 31 target organic analytes studied represented compounds with widely varying polarities and volatilities. To verify the long-term stability of the sampling media, multiple samples were collected in parallel from a typical passively ventilated radioactive waste tank known to contain moderately high concentrations of both polar and nonpolar organic compounds; Two sets of sorbent trap samples were collected to compare the effects of storage under refrigerated (-20 degrees C) and room temperature conditions. Analyses for organic analytes and TNMOC were conducted at increasing intervals over a 32-week period to determine whether any systematic degradation of sample integrity occurred. Analytes collected in the SUMMA polished canisters generally showed good stability over the full 32 weeks with recoveries at the 80% level or better for all compounds studied. The TST data showed some loss (50-80% recovery) for a few high-volatility compounds even in the refrigerated samples; losses for unrefrigerated samp res were far more pronounced with recoveries as low as 20% observed in a few cases. Longterm stability for the other compounds studied was deemed to be generally satisfactory at the 80% recovery level. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lockheed Martin Hanford Corp, TWRS Tech Operat & Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Evans, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Technol Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 21 BP 3410 EP 3417 DI 10.1021/es9803153 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 136GJ UT WOS:000076850200043 ER PT J AU Fuller, ME Manning, JF AF Fuller, ME Manning, JF TI Evidence for differential effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and other munitions compounds on specific subpopulations of soil microbial communities SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; soil microbial ecology; fatty acid analysis; hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine; N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline ID TNT-CONTAMINATED SOIL; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; TRANSFORMATION; BACTERIA; TOLUENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; EXPLOSIVES; PROFILES AB The effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other munitions compounds on indigenous microbial communities in several soils were examined. Culturable heterotrophs, concentrations of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), and basal respiration rates exhibited slight negative correlations with high TNT and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) levels. Heat-shock-resistant culturable heterotrophs, percentage of gram-positive soil isolates, mole percent of branched PLFA, and 10Me18:0 (tuberculostearic acid) were observed to be significantly lower in highly contaminated soils. Total soil nitrogen levels were positively correlated with high TNT and TNB concentrations, whereas total soil carbon exhibited no significant correlation with either compound. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data resulted in distinct separation of soils with respect to their degree of contamination, with specific signature PLFAs for gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and protozoa being negatively associated with high contaminant levels. Apparent concentrations of TNT resulting in 50% reductions in indicators of gram-positive populations were much higher than values from pure culture experiments, possibly as a result of low bioavailability due to sorption onto clay and soil organic matter. Few effects of other munitions compounds were observed. Closer examination of a highly contaminated soil revealed that the number of culturable heterotrophs growing on 0.3% molasses plates decreased by 50% when 67 mu g TNT/ml was added to the medium; a 99% decrease was observed for soil contaminated with less than 20 mu g TNT/g. Highly contaminated soil harbored a greater number of organisms that were able to grow on plates amended with greater than 10 mu g TNT/ml. Gram-positive isolates from both soils demonstrated marked growth inhibition when greater than 8-16 mu g TNT/ml was present in the culture medium. These results indicate that chronic exposure to munitions compounds can dramatically alter soil microbial communities. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fuller, ME (reprint author), Environm Inc, Princeton Res Ctr, 4100 Quakerbridge Rd, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM fuller@envirogen.com NR 37 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2185 EP 2195 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<2185:EFDEOT>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 130TV UT WOS:000076537200008 ER PT J AU Burger, J Snodgrass, J AF Burger, J Snodgrass, J TI Heavy metals in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles: Effects of depuration before analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tadpoles; heavy metals; depuration; South Carolina; frogs ID JAPANESE-QUAIL; LEAD; SELENIUM; FROG; EXPOSURE; MERCURY; GROWTH; CHICKS; COPPER; TOAD AB Although tadpoles may well be excellent organisms to use as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination, the relationship of deposition in the body compared to the tail, and the effect of sediments or other debris in the digestive tract on heavy metal concentrations is unknown. We examined the effect of experimental depuration of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles on heavy metal and selenium concentrations in intact tadpoles, as well as their bodies and tails. We defined depuration in this experiment as allowing defecation as an elimination process for intestinal contents (=clearing). We maintained wild-caught tadpoles in clean water for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h to determine the effects of clearing on heavy metal concentrations. We also examined the concentrations of heavy metals in the whole body and digestive tract Separately. We test the null hypotheses that no differences occur in metals as a function of time in uncontaminated water, and that no differences occur in metal concentrations in the body compared to the tail and to the digestive tract. We rejected these hypotheses based on regression models. Variance in concentrations of chromium (77%) and lead (70%) were explained by part (body, tail, whole body) and clearing time; for manganese (80%), mercury (64%), selenium (28%), and cadmium (25%) the variation was explained only by body part; for arsenic (53%), the variation was explained by part, clearing time, and weight of the various parts. For those metals in which clearing time explained part of the variation, metal concentrations in both the body and tail decreased after 24 and 48 h, but increased slightly thereafter. Clearing, however, did not greatly decrease metal concentrations in either the body or tail. These data suggest that for some metals (mercury, manganese, cadmium, selenium), clearing has no effect, and for others the effect is slight. For fresh tadpoles, however, the digestive tract contained significantly higher concentrations of all metals than either the body or head, probably reflecting metals absorbed to sediment particles in the gut. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Rutgers State Univ, CRESP, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016; OI Snodgrass, Joel/0000-0002-4436-8750 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2203 EP 2209 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 130TV UT WOS:000076537200010 ER PT J AU Becker, J Brandt, C Dauble, D AF Becker, J Brandt, C Dauble, D TI Species selection for an ecological risk assessment of the Columbia River at the Hanford Site, Washington, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; exposure; receptor species; screening; stakeholders AB We describe a two-tier screening methodology used to select receptor species for an ecological risk assessment of the Columbia River at the Hanford Site in south-central Washington state. This approach was developed and implemented under the guidance of the Columbia River Comprehensive Impact Assessment Management Team (CRCIA Team), a public steering committee comprised of members of regulatory agencies, native American tribes, and other stakeholders. Three hundred sixty-eight species that occur in the riverine and riparian communities of the Columbia River were reduced to 52 using criteria identified by an independent panel of biologists (tier I) and by scoring and ranking species based on their potential exposure to contaminated media (tier II). This two-tier screening methodology could be implemented at other locations where the number of species present must be reduced for an ecological risk assessment and where receptor species with relatively high potential contaminant exposures need to be evaluated. Participation of the CRCIA Team in the species selection process facilitated agreement between risk assessors, regulators, and stakeholders as to the number and kinds of organisms to be evaluated in our risk assessment. It is critical that regulators and stakeholders be involved in the selection of receptors to ensure that species of public interest as well as ecologically relevant species are evaluated in ecological risk assessments. This approach will increase the likelihood that such risk assessments will be used in management decisions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dauble, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2354 EP 2357 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<2354:SSFAER>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 130TV UT WOS:000076537200028 ER PT J AU Conner, WH McLeod, KW McCarron, JK AF Conner, WH McLeod, KW McCarron, JK TI Survival and growth of seedlings of four bottomland oak species in response to increases in flooding and salinity SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Quercus nigra; Q-lyrata; Q-michauxii; Q-nuttallii; flooding; salinity; sea level rise; coastal forests ID TAXODIUM-DISTICHUM; TUPELO SEEDLINGS; BALD CYPRESS; GULF-COAST; FORESTS; BALDCYPRESS; SOIL; POPULATIONS; REGIMES; STRESS AB Four oak species representing a range of flood tolerance were chronically (simulating sea level rise) and acutely (simulating hurricane storm surge) exposed to increased flooding and salinity in a complete factorial experiment, Survival, growth, and final biomass were measured to assess differential species' responses. No Nuttall or overcup oak seedlings died when flooded with fresh water, but 10% of the swamp chestnut and 35% of the water oaks died, Floodwater salinities of 2 and 6 g L(-1) resulted in mortality of all seedlings of all four species. Watering with 2 g L(-1) saline water did not cause any mortality although leaf browning was evident in all species. Overcup oak seedlings were the most tolerant to watering with 6 g L(-1) saline water (100% survival), while the other three species had high mortality, Increased salinity, both in watered and flooded conditions, generally resulted in decreased diameter growth and decreased root and shoot biomass, Short-term increases in salinity (simulated storm surge) resulted in total mortality of flooded seedlings, while drained seedlings recovered and leafed out the following spring. Results indicate that these bottomland oak species would be seriously affected by increased flooding and salinity from either hurricane storm surges or sea level rise. C1 Clemson Univ, Baruch Forest Sci Inst, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Conner, WH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Baruch Forest Sci Inst, Box 596, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. EM wconner@clemson.edu; mcleod@srel.edu; mccarro@ksu.edu NR 53 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 44 IS 4 BP 618 EP 624 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 141RH UT WOS:000077156900015 ER PT J AU Shannon, TE Haines, JR Bourham, M Davis, JW AF Shannon, TE Haines, JR Bourham, M Davis, JW TI Preface - Thirteenth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Shannon, TE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP XV EP XV PN 2 PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500002 ER PT J AU Sheffield, J AF Sheffield, J TI World population and energy demand growth: the potential role of nuclear energy in an efficient world SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The fertility rate for women and the related population growth rate, for numerous developing (transitional) countries, show a downward trend with increasing annual per capita energy use. On the assumption that such trends will continue, estimates are made for some simple cases of the energy demands required to stabilize the world's population in the period 2100 to 2150. An assessment is made of how these energy demands might be met, capitalizing as much as possible on the indigenous energy resources for each of the ten major regions of the world - North America, Latin America, Europe OECD, Former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern Europe, China, Pacific OECD, East Asia, South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Consideration is also given to the potential need to limit carbon emissions because of global warming concerns. The study highlights the crucial nature of energy efficiency improvements and the need to utilize all energy sources, including nuclear energy, if the world is to find a sustainable future with a much improved standard of living in the developing world. The deployment of more fission power can build upon the existing successes. The availability of fusion power will depend upon the pace of the development program and, in principle, fusion power deployment might start around the middle of the twenty first century. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Joint Inst Energy & Environm, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sheffield, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 281 EP 287 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500003 ER PT J AU Meier, WR AF Meier, WR TI Systems modeling and analysis of heavy ion drivers for inertial fusion energy SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB A computer model for systems analysis of heavy ion drivers based on induction linac technology has been used to evaluate driver designs for inertial fusion energy (IFE). Design parameters and estimated costs have been determined for drivers with: various ions; different charge states; different front-end designs; with and without beam merging; and various pulse compression and acceleration schedules. We have examined the sensitivity of the results to variations in component cost assumptions, design constraints, and selected design parameters. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-446, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 326 EP 330 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500008 ER PT J AU Mattas, RF Bastasz, R Brooks, JN Hassanein, A Luckhardt, S McCarthy, K Mioduszewski, P Mogahed, E Moir, R Morely, N Nygren, R Reed, C Ruzic, D Sviatoslavsky, I Sze, D Tillack, M Wade, PM Wilson, K Wooley, R Wong, C AF Mattas, RF Bastasz, R Brooks, JN Hassanein, A Luckhardt, S McCarthy, K Mioduszewski, P Mogahed, E Moir, R Morely, N Nygren, R Reed, C Ruzic, D Sviatoslavsky, I Sze, D Tillack, M Wade, PM Wilson, K Wooley, R Wong, C TI US assessment of Advanced Limiter-divertor Plasma-facing Systems (ALPS) - Design, analysis, and R & D needs SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The purpose of the ALPS program is to identify and evaluate advanced limiter/divertor systems that will enhance the attractiveness of fusion power. The highest priority goals at present are achieving high power density, up to 50 MW/m2, and showing compatibility of plasma-facing surfaces with plasma operation. Personnel representing a wide range of disciplines from a number of institutions are engaged in the program, where an evaluation phase of the program is planned for three years. Successful identification of promising concepts in the evaluation phase should lead to an R&D phase that includes proof-of-principle experiments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Illinois, Nucl Engn Lab 214, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Mattas, RF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 345 EP 350 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500011 ER PT J AU Uckan, NA Post, DE Wesley, JC AF Uckan, NA Post, DE Wesley, JC TI Physics design guidelines and methodologies derived from ITER Physics Basis SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The physics knowledge relevant to the design of a reactor-scale tokamak-the ITER Physics Basis-has recently been assessed by the ITER JCT, the ITER Home Teams, and the ITER Physics Expert Groups. Physics design guidelines and methodologies for projecting plasma performance in ITER and reactor tokamaks are developed from extrapolations of various characterizations of the database for tokamak operation and of the understanding that its interpretation provides. Both "conventional" and "advanced tokamak" operating modes are considered. The overall device parameters for ITER are found to be consistent with these guidelines. The plasma performance attainable in ITER is affected by many physics issues, including energy confinement, L-to H and H-to-L-mode power transition thresholds, MHD stability/beta limit, density limit, disruptions, helium removal, impurity content, etc. Design basis and guidelines are provided in each of these areas, along with sensitivities and/or uncertainties involved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ITER, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Uckan, NA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Post, Douglass/L-3773-2014 OI Post, Douglass/0000-0001-9271-0023 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 371 EP 376 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500015 ER PT J AU Petti, DA McCarthy, KA AF Petti, DA McCarthy, KA TI ITER safety: Lessons learned for the future SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Project includes a vigorous safety design and assessment activity to demonstrate the safety potential of ITER and to demonstrate that it can be sited in any of the sponsoring Parties with a minimum of site-specific redesign. The scope and depth of the ITER Engineering Design Activities (EDA) safety effort was unprecedented for fusion. In this paper, we discuss a number of lessons that have been learned during the safety effort of the ITER EDA and their implications for fusion in the longer term. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Petti, DA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 390 EP 396 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500018 ER PT J AU Carter, MD Ryan, PM Swain, DW AF Carter, MD Ryan, PM Swain, DW TI Expectations for the National Spherical Torus Experiment's high harmonic fast wave system SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID CURRENT DRIVE; PLASMAS AB High harmonic fast waves (HHFW) have been chosen as the primary method to drive steady state currents in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The somewhat limited experience with this frequency range in conventional tokamak plasma indicates that the coupling to electrons should be successful; however, there is no experimental data base for HHFWs in the unique and rapidly varying plasma regimes expected for NSTX. In this paper, we describe how the HHFW antenna was designed for NSTX using the computer codes to help make decisions that might affect the system's performance and operation. The antenna geometry has been optimized to maintain the power handling and phase control requirements within engineering constraints. The physics issues that lead to the choice of poloidal current strap orientation are discussed. Expectations for current profile control using the antenna's phase control system are also discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Carter, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 9201-2,MS 8071, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 407 EP 411 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500020 ER PT J AU Hong, BG Bae, YD Kwak, JG Hwang, CK Choi, BH Cho, YS Namkung, W Cho, MH Kang, HS Swain, DW Yang, HL Kim, J Lee, GS AF Hong, BG Bae, YD Kwak, JG Hwang, CK Choi, BH Cho, YS Namkung, W Cho, MH Kang, HS Swain, DW Yang, HL Kim, J Lee, GS TI Heating and current drive requirements and system design for the KSTAR tokamak SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Requirements and design characteristics of the heating and current drive systems for KSTAR (Korean Super conducting Tokamak Advanced Research)(1,2) tokamak are described. The neutral beam (NB), the ion cyclotron (IC), lower hybrid (LH) and electron cyclotron (EC) heating systems provide heating as well as current drive capability for long pulse lengths of up to 300 s. The systems are designed to provide flexibility in the control of current density and pressure profiles for the study of advanced tokamak plasmas. C1 Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Yusong Ku, Taejon 305353, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Korea Basic Sci Inst, Yusong Ku, Taejon 305333, South Korea. RP Hong, BG (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Yusong Ku, 150 Dukjin Dong, Taejon 305353, South Korea. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 412 EP 418 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500021 ER PT J AU Combs, SK Baylor, LR Foust, CR Gouge, MJ Jernigan, TC Milora, SL Artaud, JF Geraud, A AF Combs, SK Baylor, LR Foust, CR Gouge, MJ Jernigan, TC Milora, SL Artaud, JF Geraud, A TI High-field-side pellet injection technology SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB High-speed injection of pellets, composed of frozen hydrogen isotopes and multimillimeter in size, is commonly used for core fueling of magnetically confined plasmas for controlled thermonuclear fusion research. Straight guide tubes have typically been used to transport/deliver pellets from the acceleration device to the outside, or magnetic low-field side, of the torus/plasma (distance of similar to 5 to 10 m for most installations). Recently, alternative pellet injection schemes have been used in plasma fueling experiments, including inside launch from the magnetic high-field side on ASDEX-U and top launch (vertically downward) on Tore Supra and DIII-D. These schemes require the use of curved guide tubes in which the pellets are subjected to stresses from centrifugal and impact forces. Thus, with curved guide tubes the speed at which intact pellets can be delivered reliably to the plasma is limited. In impact experiments on flat plates, it was found that deuterium (D-2) pellets can survive single collisions at normal velocities in the range 20 to 35 m/s. Several series of tests with various curved guide tube configurations have been carried out, showing that intact pellets can be reliably delivered at speeds of several hundreds of meters per second. The experimental data are summarized and discussed. Also, a model is under development at Tore Supra for predicting these phenomena, and preliminary comparisons with the data are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CEN Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. RP Combs, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Artaud, Jean-Francois/G-8480-2011; Artaud, Jean-Francois/J-2068-2012 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 419 EP 424 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500022 ER PT J AU Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Hsieh, C AF Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Hsieh, C TI Deposition of fuel pellets injected into tokamak plasmas SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID SHIELDING MODEL; NEUTRAL GAS; ABLATION; CLOUD; TFTR AB Pellet injection has been used on tokamak devices in a number of experiments to provide plasma fueling and density profile control. The mass deposition of these fuel pellets, defined as the change in density profile caused by the pellet, has been found to show an outward displacement of the ablated material from that expected by mapping the theoretical ablation rate onto the flux surfaces. This suggests that fast transport of the pellet ablatant occurs during the now along field lines that may be driven by VB effects. A comparison of the deposition of pellets from different machines shows similar behavior. Initial results from alternative injection locations designed to take advantage of the outward ablatant drift is presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. RP Baylor, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 425 EP 429 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500023 ER PT J AU Gouge, MJ AF Gouge, MJ TI Fueling of ITER-scale fusion plasmas SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID OPERATION; TOKAMAK; ASDEX AB Fueling system functions for the International Thermonuclear Engineering Reactor (ITER) and similar scale devices are to provide hydrogenic fuel to maintain the plasma density profile for a specified fusion power, to replace the deuterium-tritium (D-T) ions consumed in the fusion reaction, to establish a density gradient for plasma particle (especially helium ash) flow to the edge, and also to supply hydrogenic edge fueling for increased scrape-off layer flow for optimum divertor operation. An additional function is to inject impurity gases at lower flow rates for divertor plasma radiative cooling, for wall conditioning, and for plasma discharge termination on demand. The burn fraction of ITER is about 1%, which is more than an order of magnitude lower than values typically assumed in fusion reactor studies. This low burn fraction results in large vacuum pumping and fuel processing systems to handle the larger D-T throughput. Gas and pellet fueling efficiency data from past tokamak experiments are reviewed; pellet fueling efficiency is significantly larger than that of gas injection. An overview of the current research and development status of gas and pellet fueling technology is presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gouge, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 435 EP 440 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500025 ER PT J AU Watson, RD Slattery, KT Odegard, BC Cadden, CH McKechnie, TN O'Dell, S Tuchinskiy, L Loutfy, R Dyadko, E Sastri, S Gundaa, N Karandikar, P AF Watson, RD Slattery, KT Odegard, BC Cadden, CH McKechnie, TN O'Dell, S Tuchinskiy, L Loutfy, R Dyadko, E Sastri, S Gundaa, N Karandikar, P TI Development of high-Z plasma facing components for ITER SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB During the ITER EDA (Engineering Design Activity), the US Home Team developed improved methods for fabricating tungsten armored plasma facing components. Thermo-mechanical modeling indicated the desirability of using "brush-like" structures (clusters of small filaments or rods) as a means of reducing thermal stresses. The commercial availability of tungsten welding electrode rods (1.6 mm and 3.2 mm diameter) significantly reduced the raw material costs. Three approaches were developed: (1) Cu is plasma sprayed to the W brushes followed by diffusion bonding or e-beam welding the copper backing to the CuCrZr heat sink, (2) Molten Cu is cast directly on the tips of the W brushes followed by the diffusion bonding step, and(3) W rods are sputter-coated with a bonding aid and are directly bonded to the CuCrZr heat sink using HIP or vacuum hot pressing. High heat flux testing was performed up to 18 MW/m(2) without damage to two small-scale divertor mockups. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Plasma Proc Inc, Huntsville, AL 35815 USA. MER Corp, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. Surmet Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Foster Miller Inc, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. RP Watson, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 443 EP 453 PN 2 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500026 ER PT J AU Hogan, JT Guilhem, D Cordier, JJ Skinner, C Mueller, D Bashore, D AF Hogan, JT Guilhem, D Cordier, JJ Skinner, C Mueller, D Bashore, D TI Comparative modeling of particle deposition and impurity generation from large-area inner walls in Tore Supra, TFTR, JET and DIII-D SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID HIGH-CONFINEMENT AB The use of the large-area tokamak inner wall to reduce peak heat fluxes has been proposed as a potential alternative to the use of diverters. This paper uses detailed modeling of inner wall processes on several existing tokamaks to understand the differences among them and the cause for deviations from ideal performance. The present analysis shows that the typical deficiency in overall performance for inner-wall limited plasmas to date is largely sui generis: that is, each of the cases has unique performance-limiting features, rather than representing an intractable general problem. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hogan, JT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 454 EP 458 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500027 ER PT J AU Fisher, PW Gouge, MJ AF Fisher, PW Gouge, MJ TI TPOP-II: Tritium fueling at a reactor scale SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID HYDROGEN PELLET INJECTOR; JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS; ITER AB As part of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) plasma fueling development program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory has fabricated a pellet injection system to test the mechanical and thermal properties of extruded tritium. This repeating single-stage, pneumatic, Tritium-Proof-of-Principle Phase II (TPOP-II) Pellet Injector has a piston-driven mechanical extruder and is designed to extrude and accelerate hydrogenic pellets sized for the ITER device. Tritium and deuterium-tritium (D-T) pellets have been produced in experiments at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Tritium Systems Test Assembly. About 38 g of tritium was used in the experiment. This paper presents results of the TPOP-II extrusion experiments. These extrusion experiments indicate that both T-2 and D-T will require higher extrusion forces than D-2 by about a factor of 2 and that the flow of the material may be characterized by static and dynamic shear strengths. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fisher, PW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 515 EP 520 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500037 ER PT J AU Woolley, RD AF Woolley, RD TI Long pulse fusion physics experiments without superconducting electromagnets SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Long pulse fusion physics experiments can be performed economically via resistive electromagnets designed for thermally steady-state operation. Possible fusion experiments using resistive electromagnets include long pulse ignition with DT fuel.(1,2,3,4) Long pulse resistive electromagnets are alternatives to today's delicate and costly superconductors.(5) At any rate, superconducting technology is now evolving independent of fusion, so near-term superconducting experience may not ultimately be useful. High magnetic field copper coils can be operated for long pulses if actively cooled by subcooled liquid nitrogen, thermally designed for steady state operation. (Optimum cooling parameters are characterized herein.) This cooling scheme uses the thermal mass of an external liquid nitrogen reservoir to absorb the long pulse resistive magnet heating. Pulse length is thus independent of device size and is easily extended. This scheme is most effective if the conductor material is OFHC copper, whose resistivity at liquid nitrogen temperature is small. Active LN2 cooling also allows slow TF ramp-up and avoids high resistance during current flattop; these factors reduce power system cost relative to short pulse adiabatic designs. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Woolley, RD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 543 EP 547 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500042 ER PT J AU Tsai, CC Barber, GC Haines, JR Milora, SL Peng, YKM Sparks, DO Schechter, DE Liniers, M Nightingale, MPS AF Tsai, CC Barber, GC Haines, JR Milora, SL Peng, YKM Sparks, DO Schechter, DE Liniers, M Nightingale, MPS TI New applications of ORNL neutral beam injectors SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The injection of energetic hydrogen and deuterium atoms has been used to heat plasmas in various fusion experimental devices including tokamaks, mirrors, and stellarators. The neutral beam injection is a proven plasma heating technique for increasing plasma densities, temperatures, and pressures. For this fusion endeavor, scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed multimegawatt neutral beam injectors. Various ORNL injectors have been used for studying properties of beam-heated plasmas in Oak Ridge Tokamak (ORMAK), Impurity Study Experiment-B (ISX-B), Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF), Princeton Large Torus (PLT), and Princeton Divertor Experiment (PDX) in the United States and in Small Tight Aspect Ratio Tokamak (START) in the United Kingdom. By using a 30-cm and 100-A ion source, each ORNL neutral beam injector is capable of injecting >1.5 MW of hydrogen atoms at 50-keV for a pulse length up to 0.5 s. For increasing plasma densities and raising plasma temperatures in START, one such injector was installed and commissioned during 1995. The initial goal was to provide an injected neutral beam power of more than 0.5 MW at a beam energy of 40 keV for 20 ms. Addition of a getter pump has allowed the beam power to be raised to 1 MW at 33 keV. Recent experiments have demonstrated that neutral beam heating can play a big role in raising plasma pressures to a record volume-average beta value over 30%. ORNL neutral beam injectors have been approved for plasma heating experiments on both the TJ-II stellarator at CIEMAT, Spain, and the Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) at Culham Science Centre (Culham). Two proven ORNL NE injectors are being installed at the TJ-II facility. Additional ORNL beam equipment is being used to implement two 5-s NE injectors at the MAST facility. In this paper, we report and discuss the progress and plans for these neutral beam activities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsai, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Liniers, Macarena/C-4593-2017 OI Liniers, Macarena/0000-0003-2101-0112 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 558 EP 563 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500045 ER PT J AU Uckan, NA Sugihara, M Boucher, D AF Uckan, NA Sugihara, M Boucher, D TI Divertor attached-detached operational space for safety analysis of plasma transients in ITER SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB A "marginal criteria" to distinguish detached and attached divertor plasma conditions needed for safety analysis of postulated plasma transients has been developed. Divertor operational space and lookup tables are generated for use in physics-safety assessments of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The transient analyses considering the marginal criteria for divertor attached-detached transition is expected to yield conservative safety assessments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Uckan, NA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 568 EP 572 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500047 ER PT J AU Galambos, JD Strickler, DJ Uckan, NA AF Galambos, JD Strickler, DJ Uckan, NA TI Systems studies of lower cost ITER options SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The tokamak systems code (SuperCode) is used to identify lower-cost ITER options. Superconducting coil, lower-cost options are found by: (1) reducing the ITER technical objectives (e.g., driven burn and lower wall load), (2) using more aggressive physics (advanced physics) assumptions (e.g., higher shaping, better confinement, higher beta, etc.), and (3) more aggressive engineering assumptions (reduced shield/gaps and inductive requirements). Under ITER nominal physics assumptions, but designing for a driven Q = 10 operation results in similar to 30% cost reduction if the required neutron wall load is dropped to 0.5 MW/m(2). Assuming advanced physics guidelines leads to cost savings of up to 40% in an ignited device with a major radius as low as R = 5.5 m. Designing this device for Q = 10 results in additional cost savings of 10%. If reduced inboard shield and scrapeoff is assumed, and no inductive capability is required, machine size and cost benefits tend to saturate at about R = 5 m and 50% of the ITER-EDA cost. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Galambos, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009,MS-8071, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 573 EP 577 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500048 ER PT J AU Houlberg, WA Baylor, LR AF Houlberg, WA Baylor, LR TI Neoclassical aspects of transport in ITER plasmas with high axial safety factors SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; TOKAMAKS; CONFINEMENT AB The neoclassical bootstrap current, parallel electrical resistivity and radial particle and heat transport; properties are examined for a reference ITER low current plasma with elevated axial safety factor, q(0), and reverse shear, q' < 0. The results are compared with two other reference cases at full current and differing plasma profiles. In each of the cases it is found that higher Z impurities are fairly robustly expelled from the core by ion temperature gradient screening, although the screening is weaker in the high q(0) plasma because of its lower collisionality. The bootstrap current is strongly enhanced in the high q(0) case as expected. Potato orbits do not significantly modify the results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Houlberg, WA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 591 EP 595 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500051 ER PT J AU Cadwallader, LC Miller, CS McCarthy, KA AF Cadwallader, LC Miller, CS McCarthy, KA TI Potential vacuum hazards and proposed solutions for personnel safety during an air ingress accident in ITER SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB This paper discusses the possible forms of injury to maintenance personnel that could arise from a cryostat air ingress event. The results of a thermal-hydraulic analysis of several cryostat breach sizes show the time scales for possible injury and the severity of air pressure transients in the rooms near the cryostat. Energy sources were reviewed to identify worker safety concerns in a cryostat vacuum breach event. The room air pressure drop in medium and large breaches is the most important worker safety concern. Standard vacuum safety techniques are reducing time in proximity, maintaining an exclusion area, and employing some form of barrier or shielding between workers and vacuum reservoirs. Other suggested safety techniques discussed here are engineering controls (doors that can be easily opened under differential pressure), and administrative controls (buddy system, evacuation plan). These techniques are easy to implement in early design stages. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environ Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Cadwallader, LC (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environ Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM lcc@inel.gov; millercs@rose-hulman.edu; km3@inel.gov RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 599 EP 603 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500052 ER PT J AU Carmack, WJ Smolik, GR Anderl, RA Pawelko, RJ Hembree, PB AF Carmack, WJ Smolik, GR Anderl, RA Pawelko, RJ Hembree, PB TI Tokamak dust particle size and surface area measurement SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The INEEL has analyzed a variety of dust samples from operating experimental tokamaks: General Atomics' DIII-D, Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Alcator CMOD, and Princeton's TFTR. These dust samples were collected and analyzed because of the importance of dust to the safety of future fusion power plants and ITER. The dust may contain tritium, be activated, be chemically toxic, and chemically reactive. The INEEL has carried out numerous characterization procedures on the samples yielding information useful both to tokamak designers and to safety researchers. Two different methods were used for particle characterization: optical microscopy (count based) and laser based volumetric diffraction (mass based). Surface area of the dust samples was measured using Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller, BET1, a gas adsorption technique. The purpose of this paper is to present the correlation between our particle size measurements and our surface area measurements for tokamak dust. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Carmack, WJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 604 EP 608 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500053 ER PT J AU Lowenthal, MD Greenspan, E Moir, R Kastenberg, WE Fowler, TK AF Lowenthal, MD Greenspan, E Moir, R Kastenberg, WE Fowler, TK TI Industrial ecology for inertial fusion energy: Selection of high-Z material for HYLIFE-II targets SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The methods of industrial ecology have been applied to the selection of a high-Z material for indirect-drive targets in the HYLIFE-II reactor. We quantify physical, chemical, and radiological impacts, rate the social-welfare impacts, and identify trends in the economic dimensions of the material selection. Early accident dose, the waste disposal rating, life-cycle volume, gamma dose rate, and resource availability are all considered. Four high-Z materials are considered: Ta, W, Hg, and Pb. A new activation module has been developed to accurately account for the complex activation scenarios of target materials. We explore a range of recycling scenarios and the results of these activation calculations are translated into the indices mentioned above. The recycling scenario can be modified to reduce accident hazards, disposal hazards, maintenance hazards, or fiscal expenditures, but different hazards or costs suggest different recycling scenarios are preferable. The IE methodology and examples of results are presented and areas for further study are identified. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lowenthal, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Etcheverry Hall 1730, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 619 EP 628 PN 2 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500056 ER PT J AU Uckan, NA Bartels, HW Boucher, D Honda, T AF Uckan, NA Bartels, HW Boucher, D Honda, T TI Verification of ITER safety codes used in plasma transient analysis SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Verification efforts to compare the results from the safety assessment code SAFALY (with 0-D plasma model) and the 1.5-D plasma transport code PRETOR are discussed. The SAFALY code was used for calculating safety related plasma transients documented in ITER safety reports (ITER-FDR). The PRETOR code was used for plasma performance assessments for many ITER design related problems. Four test cases are considered as a verification basis for the SAFALY-PRETOR comparison: (i) increase in fueling by a specified amount and parameter scans to explore conditions leading to a maximum fusion power transient, (ii) sudden improvement (doubling) of plasma energy confinement time, (iii) sudden injection of 100 MW of heating power into an ignited plasma, and (iv) stop of plasma fueling. Verification studies of plasma transient analysis with SAFALY and PRETOR code systems have confirmed that the significant number of results reported in safety reports [such as ITER-FDR] can be reproduced by both code systems, and that the safety reports were based on the more conservative results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ITER, San Diego Joint Work Site, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi, Ibaraki 3191221, Japan. RP Uckan, NA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 661 EP 665 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500063 ER PT J AU Gomes, IC Smith, DL Cheng, ET AF Gomes, IC Smith, DL Cheng, ET TI Status of cross-section data for gas production from vanadium and Al-26 from silicon carbide in a D-T fusion reactor SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Current designs of fusion-reactor systems seek to use radiation-resistant, low-activation materials that support long service lifetimes and minimize radioactive-waste problems after decommissioning. Reliable assessment of fusion materials performance requires accurate neutron-reaction cross sections and radioactive-decay constants. The problem areas usually involve cross sections since decay parameters tend to be better known. The present study was motivated by two specific questions: i) Why are the V-51(n,np)Ti-50 cross section values in the ENDF/B-VI library so large (a gas production issue)? ii) How well known are the cross sections associated with producing 7.4x10(5) y Al-26 in silicon carbide by the process Si-28(n,np+d)Al-27(n,2n)Al-26 (a long-lived radioactivity issue)? The energy range 14-15 MeV of the D-T fusion neutrons is emphasized. Cross-section error bars are needed so that uncertainties in the gas and radioactivity generated over the lifetime of a reactor can be estimated. We address this issue by comparing values obtained from prominent evaluated cross-section libraries. Small differences between independent evaluations indicate that a physical quantity is well known while the opposite signals a problem. Hydrogen from V-51(n,p)Ti-51 and helium from V-51(n,alpha)Sc-48 are also important sources of gas in vanadium, so they too were examined. We conclude that V-51(n,p)Ti-51 is adequately known but V-51(n,np+d)Ti-50 is not. The status for helium generation data is quite good. Due to recent experimental work, Al-27(n,2n)Al-26 seems to be fairly well known. However, the situation for Si-28(n,np+d)Al-27 remains unsatisfactory. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. TSI Res Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. RP Gomes, IC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 706 EP 713 PN 2 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500070 ER PT J AU McCarthy, KA Petti, DA Carmack, WJ German, SV AF McCarthy, KA Petti, DA Carmack, WJ German, SV TI Tokamak dust in ITER - Safety issues and R&D supporting dust limits SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Tokamak dust is an important contributor to the source term in ITER safety analyses. In this paper we present results of R&D at the INEEL and North Carolina State University to characterize tokamak dust. These results were used to set safety limits on dust for ITER. We present the results of analysis of particulate collected from three operating tokamaks: DIII-D at General Atomics, TFTR at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, and Alcator C-MOD at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and analysis of particulate produced in SIRENS, a disruption simulator at North Carolina State University. Analyses done include characterization of particulate to produce particle size distributions, chemical analysis, and measurement of effective surface area. The safety limits on dust in ITER have evolved during the EDA as more data have become available. The safety limits specified in NSSR-2 envelope the majority of the data, and provide conservatism to account for the uncertainty in extrapolation of the data to ITER. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McCarthy, KA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 728 EP 732 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500073 ER PT J AU Anderl, RA Pawelko, RJ Smolik, GR Castro, RG AF Anderl, RA Pawelko, RJ Smolik, GR Castro, RG TI Steam chemical reactivity of plasma-sprayed beryllium SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID FUSION AB This paper presents the results of experiments and analyses to quantify the chemical reactivity of plasma-sprayed (PS) Be specimens exposed to steam. Test specimens with densities of 94% theoretical density (TD) and 92% TD were prepared by a low-pressure-plasma-spraying (LPPS) technique. Sample density, porosity and specific surface area were measured using immersion density and gas-adsorption techniques. Microstructural characterization was done using optical and electron microscopy. Hydrogen generation rates were obtained from tests of specimens in steam at temperatures from 350 to 1000 degrees C. Below 700 degrees C, hydrogen generation rates for the 94% TD material were somewhat higher than rates for 100% TD Be, but they were substantially lower than rates for the 92% TD Be and for previously tested PS-Be and porous Be. Reaction rate differences correlated with specific surface area differences for the materials tested. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderl, RA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 738 EP 744 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500075 ER PT J AU Gorman, SV Carmack, WJ Hembree, PB AF Gorman, SV Carmack, WJ Hembree, PB TI Particle size distribution of dust collected from Alcator C-MOD SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB There are important safety issues associated with tokamak dust, accumulated primarily from sputtering and disruptions. The dust may contain tritium, it may be activated, chemically toxic, and chemically reactive. The purpose of this paper is to present results from analyses of particulate collected from the Alcator C-MOD tokamak located at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts following the run period ending in spring of 1997. The sample obtained from C-MOD was not originally intended for examination outside of MIT. The sample was collected with the intent of performing only a composition analysis. However, MIT provided the INEEL with this sample for particle analysis. The sample was collected by vacuuming a section of the machine (covering approximately 1/3 of the machine surface) with a coarse fiber filter as the collection surface. The sample was then analyzed using an optical microscope, SEM microscope, Microtrac FRA particle size analyzer. The data fit a log-normal distribution. The count median diameter (CMD) of the samples ranged from 0.3 mu m to 1.1 mu m with geometric standard deviations (GSD) ranging from 2.8 to 5.2 and a mass median diameter (MMD) ranging from 7.22 to 176 mu m. C1 LMITCO Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Carmack, WJ (reprint author), LMITCO Inc, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 745 EP 749 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500076 ER PT J AU Wilson, DC Adams, C Asaki, T Bennett, GR Bradley, PA Caldwell, S Delamater, ND Fernandez, JC Foreman, L Goldman, SR Hoffer, JK Klare, K Margevicius, R Montgomery, DS Murphy, TJ Salzer, L Sheliak, JD Smitherman, DP Thoma, D Wallace, J Pollaine, SM AF Wilson, DC Adams, C Asaki, T Bennett, GR Bradley, PA Caldwell, S Delamater, ND Fernandez, JC Foreman, L Goldman, SR Hoffer, JK Klare, K Margevicius, R Montgomery, DS Murphy, TJ Salzer, L Sheliak, JD Smitherman, DP Thoma, D Wallace, J Pollaine, SM TI Los Alamos progress toward achieving DT burn on the National Ignition Facility SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID DESIGN AB Focusing on beryllium capsules, Los Alamos works toward ignition on the NIF, a first step to fusion power. Theory and experiments are giving us a greater understanding of laser plasma instabilities (SBS and SRS). A 1D Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope with < 1 mu M resolution has been designed to observe shock timing. Tetrahedral hohlraum implosion experiments are being executed on Omega with symmetry better than cylindrical hohlraums on NIF. Understanding capsule instability growth, and experimentally testing it, is leading to new designs. The first NIF size beryllium capsule has been built from copper brazed hemispheres. Measurements of DT ice on beryllium show adequate smoothness and temperature cycling can reduce it further. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014; OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873; Montgomery, David/0000-0002-2355-6242 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 753 EP 759 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500077 ER PT J AU Brereton, SJ Yatabe, JM Taylor, CA AF Brereton, SJ Yatabe, JM Taylor, CA TI The safety and environmental process for the design and construction of the National Ignition Facility SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laser fusion experimental facility currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This paper describes the safety and environmental processes followed to NIF during the design and construction activities. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Oakland Operat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brereton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Oakland Operat, POB 808,L-493, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 760 EP 766 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500078 ER PT J AU Latkowski, JF AF Latkowski, JF TI Neutron activation of the NIF final optics assemblies and their effect upon occupational doses SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB During routine operations, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will attain fusion yields as high as 1200 MJ/yr with individual experiments reaching 20 MJ. Neutron activation of components within the NIF Target Bay will result in occupational doses that must be understood and limited to less than or equal to 10 person-rem/yr. Previous work has shown that the final optics assemblies (FOAs) are the key to worker doses. The present work gives results for three-dimensional analyses including dose rates and worker doses. Results for modified FOA designs are also presented. Finally, a concept for a polyethylene shielding plug is discussed and shown to substantially reduce occupational doses. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Latkowski, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-493, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 767 EP 771 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500079 ER PT J AU Cerbone, RJ Cheng, ET Peng, YKM AF Cerbone, RJ Cheng, ET Peng, YKM TI Neutronics analyses of tritium breeding blanket performance in a spherical torus based volumetric neutron source SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB A spherical torus based volumetric neutron source (ST-VNS) concept has been developed in recent studies as a possible intermediate step to develop the necessary technology for reactor components of future fusion power plants. Such a VNS would complement ITER in testing, developing, and qualifying nuclear technology components. A recently developed design concept for a spherical torus based VNS permits the development capability to increase fusion power and wall loading. Results of neutronics calculations for such a ST-VNS with neutron wall loading ranging from 0.5 to 5 MW/m(2) have been competed. In this paper, we report the tritium breeding and neutronics performance of several power blanket compositions and configurations. These include, a helium cooled natural lithium in vanadium alloy structural material blanket; a helium cooled enriched lithium-lead, in a vanadium-alloy structure blanket; and a heterogeneous configured blanket consisting of a dual cooled blanket consisting of enriched lithium-lead enclosed in silicon carbide with ferritic steel for the structural material. C1 TSI Res Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cerbone, RJ (reprint author), TSI Res Inc, 225 Stevens Ave, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 779 EP 783 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500081 ER PT J AU Majumdar, S AF Majumdar, S TI Development of structural design criteria for ITER SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The irradiation environment experienced by the in-vessel components effusion reactors such as International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) presents structural design challenges not envisioned in the development of existing structural design criteria such as the ASME Code(1) or RCC-MR2. From the standpoint of design criteria, the most significant issues stem from the irradiation-induced changes in material properties, specifically the reduction of ductility, strain hardening capability, and fracture toughness with neutron irradiation. Recently, Draft 7 of the ITER Structural Design Criteria (ISDC), which provide new rules for guarding against such problems, was released for trial use by the ITER designers. The new rules, which were derived from a simple model based on the concept of elastic follow up factor, provide primary and secondary stress limits as functions of uniform elongation and ductility. The implication of these rules on the allowable surface heat flux on typical first walls made of type 316 stainless steel and vanadium alloys are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Majumdar, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 789 EP 793 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500083 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, N Manahan, R Jayakumar, R Michael, P Gung, CY Minervini, J Randall, R Zhukovsky, A AF Martovetsky, N Manahan, R Jayakumar, R Michael, P Gung, CY Minervini, J Randall, R Zhukovsky, A TI Development and test of the iter conductor joints for the central solenoid SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Joints for the ITER superconducting Central Solenoid should perform in rapidly varying magnetic field with low losses and low DC resistance. This paper describes the design of the ITER joint and presents its assembly process. Two joints were built and tested at the PTF facility at MIT. Test results are presented; losses in transverse and parallel field and the DC performance are discussed. The developed joint demonstrates sufficient margin for baseline ITER operating scenarios. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Martovetsky, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Michael, Philip/0000-0003-4906-6169 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 808 EP 814 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500086 ER PT J AU Rochau, GE Hands, JA Raglin, PS Ramirez, JJ AF Rochau, GE Hands, JA Raglin, PS Ramirez, JJ TI Systems analysis and engineering of the X-1 advanced radiation source SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The X-l Advanced Radiation Source, which will produce similar to 16 MJ in x-rays, represents the next step in providing U.S. Department of Energy's Stockpile Stewardship Program with the high-energy, large volume, laboratory x-ray sources needed for the Radiation Effects Science and Simulation (RES), Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF), and Weapon Physics (WP) Programs. Analytical scaling arguments and hydrodynamic simulations indicate that X-l will have the capability to heat hohlraums at temperatures of 230-300 eV to ignite thermonuclear fuel and drive the reaction to a high radiation yield of 200 to 1000 MJ in the laboratory. This paper will introduce the X-l Advanced Radiation Source Facility Project, describe the systems analysis and engineering approach being used, and identify critical technology areas being researched. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rochau, GE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 825 EP 830 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500088 ER PT J AU Petzoldt, RW AF Petzoldt, RW TI IFE target injection and tracking experiment SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB An experiment is being conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to investigate and demonstrate the engineering feasibility of accurately injecting and tracking IFE targets into a vacuum chamber. A helium gas gun is used to inject non-cryogenic, aluminum and delrin (plastic) target-sized projectiles. They are optically tracked at three locations using photodiodes. An essential part of this experiment is tracking each projectile's position and predicting when and where it will arrive close enough to the driver beam focal spot so that with active beam steering, IFE driver beams can accurately hit each target. Although the standard deviation in projectile position in each lateral direction is about 2 mm, projectile position measurements 1 m from the gun barrel have been used to predict position measurements at 3 m from the barrel with standard deviation less than 100 mu m in the lateral directions. These results are encouraging and meet the expected beam steering distance and target position prediction accuracy requirements for indirect drive IFE power plants. Later this year, we intend to combine this experiment with a focused ion beam experiment and use real time position calculations to steer the beam through a small hole in the projectile. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Petzoldt, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 47-112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 831 EP 839 PN 2 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500089 ER PT J AU Perlado, JM Malerba, L de la Rubia, TD AF Perlado, JM Malerba, L de la Rubia, TD TI MD simulation of high energy cascades and damage accumulation in beta-SiC in inertial fusion conditions SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SILICON-CARBIDE; POTENTIALS; DEFECTS; CRYSTALLINE; REACTORS AB An extreme condition in Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) reactors will be the very high neutron dose rate from each burst of high gain targets. The effect of pulsed damage on the structural materials of the reactor chamber needs to be examined and its actual importance carefully assessed. A first calculation of neutron spectra and intensities in one burst of directly driven target (pR approximate to 4 g.cm(-2), 3 Hz) yields, for a approximate to 500 MJ shot of neutrons, a rate of approximate to 7 x 10(20) n.s(-1), the total time of deposition bn the chamber walls being of approximate to 1 mu s. This corresponds to a collisional parameter of 0.1 dpa/burst (in Fe), which gives an average damage rate of approximate to 3.8 dpa/year. The evolution in time of collisional damage is also presented. Our work focuses on cubic silicon carbide (beta-SiC) as a base for the next generation of low-activation materials. The Molecular Dynamics (MD) code MDCASK allows the description of the interaction of high energy recoils with the SiC lattice, by using a modification of the many-body semi-empirical inter-atomic Tersoff potential, merged with a repulsive binary potential obtained from ab initio calculations. A new assessment of previous works is presented. Preliminary values of threshold displacement energies are given and the observation of recombination barriers is reported. As a first step for a future intra- and inter-pulse damage study, by means of Kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) diffusion calculations, 3 and 5 keV Si-recoil-induced cascade simulations are analysed, discussing excitation and defects' characteristics in both sub-lattices: differences with respect to earlier works are found. Finally, the simulations of accumulations of up to 25 recoils of 500 eV and 1 keV are examined, in order to get a deeper insight into the damage state produced inside the material by intensive and prolonged irradiation in the absence of self-annealing. C1 UPM, Inst Fus Nucl, Madrid 28006, Spain. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Perlado, JM (reprint author), UPM, Inst Fus Nucl, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 840 EP 847 PN 2 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500090 ER PT J AU Ying, A Morley, N Gulec, K Nelson, B Youssef, M Abdou, M AF Ying, A Morley, N Gulec, K Nelson, B Youssef, M Abdou, M TI Concept description and thermalhydraulics of liquid surface FW/blankets for high power density reactors SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The attractive features and scientific challenges offered by the liquid wall systems render them strong candidates for investigation in the APEX project[1]. In particular, their high power density capabilities make the fusion reactors economically competitive. In this paper, as part of evolving a practical design based on this evolutionary idea, issues concerning thermalhydraulics of liquid surface first wall/blankets were analyzed. Design approaches as presently envisioned include both liquid films over the solid surface and gravity driven thick liquid jets using lithium and flibe as working fluids. The analyses involved defining liquid systems operating conditions, such as velocity and inlet/outlet temperatures, as well as to calculate free surface temperature so that the evaporation rate from the free surface would not jeopardize plasma operation while maintaining the liquid temperature within the operating windows for high thermal efficiencies. All analyses were performed for a neutron wall load of 10 MW/m(2) and its corresponding surface heat flux of 2 MW/m(2) The results indicated that high velocities, hard x-ray spectra and turbulent heat transfer enhancement were necessary conditions for keeping flibe first wall temperature low. On the other hand, at velocities of 20 m/s or higher, it appears possible to maintain lithium film evaporation rate below 10(20)#/m(2)s in an ARIES-RS type configuration. Nevertheless, present analyses have not uncovered any basic flaws or major shortcomings in the underlying scientific or technical arguments for the concepts. Yet, engineering innovations of how to maintain and control the flow and the associated analyses are still needed. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ying, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 855 EP 862 PN 2 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500092 ER PT J AU Hillis, DL Hogan, JT Andrew, P Ehrenberg, J Groth, M von Hellermann, M Horton, LD Monk, R Morgan, P Stamp, M AF Hillis, DL Hogan, JT Andrew, P Ehrenberg, J Groth, M von Hellermann, M Horton, LD Monk, R Morgan, P Stamp, M TI Tritium enrichment in the jet divertor and its relation to tritium uptake and retention SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID WALL AB Future fusion reactors, like ITER, will rely on an active exhaust system to pump tritium (T) in the divertor and then recirculate it to the fuel stream. Estimation of the T inventory requires a detailed T balance, which determines if T is preferentially enriched relative to D in its pathway from the main plasma to the divertor and pump. On the Joint European Torus (JET), the neutral T concentration in the sub-divertor (pumping plenum and region below the divertor strike point plate) is measured with a modified Penning gauge coupled to a high-resolution spectrometer. In addition, T concentration measurements are made in the plasma edge and strike point region with a spectrometer viewing these regions. The sub-divertor and divertor (region above the strike point plate) T concentration measurements show differences during initial T uptake and retention which are characteristic of wall deposition properties. Since wall retention is one of the factors in calculating the eventual T inventory in a reactor, a detailed study of this process has been undertaken. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. RP Hillis, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 941 EP 945 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500107 ER PT J AU de Hoon, MJL Greenspan, E Lowenthal, MD AF de Hoon, MJL Greenspan, E Lowenthal, MD TI A model for pulsed activation accounting for circulation, extraction, and makeup SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB A model has been developed to accurately calculate the nuclide inventories of the target constituents of Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) reactors such as HYLIFE-II. It can explicitly account for (1) the combined effects of activation during target implosion (by a high-amplitude flux) and while passing through the reactor chamber (by a low-amplitude flux); (2) decay during circulation in the primary coolant loop, after extraction from the coolant loop, and before re-insertion into the reactor chamber as a new target; (3) continuous extraction and feed-in of target material; and (4) replacement of part of the activation products by makeup materials. The solution strategy uses transition factors - the ratio of the amount of created nuclides to the initial amount - for each system component. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Hoon, MJL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Fus Energy Res Program, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 47-112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI de Hoon, Michiel/A-6443-2013; de Hoon, Michiel/N-8006-2015 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 974 EP 979 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500112 ER PT J AU Kugel, HW Ascione, G Tilson, C Kumar, A AF Kugel, HW Ascione, G Tilson, C Kumar, A TI Neutron activation cool-down of the tokamak fusion test reactor SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB TFTR final operations and post-shutdown neutron activation measurements were made. Ionization chambers were used to follow TFTR activation during operations and after shutdown. Gamma-ray energy spectroscopy measurements were performed to characterize TFTR activation at accessible vessel-bays, and on sample hardware removed from structures at various distances from the vessel. The results demonstrate long-lived activations from common, commercially available materials used in the fabrication and field engineering of TFTR. The measurements allow characterization of residual TFTR neutron activation, the projection of residual activation decay, and benchmarking of low activation issues simulations. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kugel, HW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 985 EP 990 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500114 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Kugel, HW Ascione, G AF Kumar, A Kugel, HW Ascione, G TI Tokamak applications related measurements of neutron induced radioactivity at TFTR SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc ID ITER; FIELD AB Samples of uranium, thorium, thoriated tungsten, potassium bromide, barium, and strontium were irradiated at TFTR under a 'new tokamak applications' initiative launched in 1997. The saturation activity data obtained from data analysis of these measurements is reported. This new addition to the vast experimental database from mixed D-T and D-D neutron irraditions at TFTR offers an invaluable resource for benchmarking of calculations in relation to the design and regulatory licensing of fusion reactors designed specifically around applications like transmutation of actinide and fission product waste, radioisotope production for medical and industrial applications. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 991 EP 996 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500115 ER PT J AU Belian, AP Latkowski, JF Morse, EC AF Belian, AP Latkowski, JF Morse, EC TI Experimental studies of concrete activation at the national ignition facility using the rotating target neutron source SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Two samples of concrete for possible use as a structural support material of the National Ignition Facility Target Chamber were irradiated with 14 MeV neutrons from the Rotating Target Neutron Source at U.C. Berkeley. Dose rate measurements were taken, using a Victoreen 450P pressurized ion chamber, from the front and rear faces of each concrete slug. The measured dose rates were compared to simulated dose rates calculated by the codes ACAB and TART. The results of the experiment have validated the results of the code calculations. Construction material decisions were made partially based on the agreement of experiment with simulation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Belian, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, MC 1730, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1028 EP 1032 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500122 ER PT J AU Brereton, S Latkowski, J Singh, M Tobin, M Yatabe, J AF Brereton, S Latkowski, J Singh, M Tobin, M Yatabe, J TI Decommissioning plan for the National Ignition Facility SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a U.S. Department of Energy inertial confinement laser fusion experimental facility currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). To ensure that decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) issues at the end-of-life are manageable, this subject has received attention from an early stage. This paper summarizes the NIF D&D issues, and the status of the D&D plan. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brereton, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-493, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1041 EP 1046 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500124 ER PT J AU Jantzen, C Lee, EP Peterson, PF AF Jantzen, C Lee, EP Peterson, PF TI Parametric studies of ablation and venting from the central cavity of the HYLIFE-II reactor SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Gas dynamics in the heavy-ion inertial-fusion-energy power plant, HYLIFE-II, have been modeled using the code TSUNAMI. Simulations were run and results compared using both ideal-gas and the partial-ionization equations of state. Developed by Zeldovich and Raizer, the partial-ionization model approximates the Saha equation for multiply ionized species in a gas mixture. Results from a cylindrically symmetric simulation indicate an initial, low density, burst of high energy particles enters the final-focus transport beam line within 28 microseconds after the blast, much faster than the proposed 1 millisecond shutter closing time. After approximately 300 microseconds the chamber debris flux levels off to one eighth its peak value and maintains this level until the shutter closes. Uncertainty in IFE target design motivated the adjustment of two target parameters: target mass and the ratio of x-ray to debris kinetic energy. Although initial jet x-ray ablation is considered, neither secondary radiation nor condensation were modeled. Therefore results are conservative. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jantzen, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1047 EP 1052 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500125 ER PT J AU Sviatoslavsky, IN Mogahed, EA Cheng, ET Cerbone, RJ Peng, YKM Wang, XR AF Sviatoslavsky, IN Mogahed, EA Cheng, ET Cerbone, RJ Peng, YKM Wang, XR TI Design of the centerpost for a spherical torus volumetric neutron source SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Mechanical, thermal and neutronics design aspects of the toroidal field coil centerpost (CP) for a spherical torus based volumetric neutron source (ST-VNS) are presented. It is being investigated with support of a DOE-SBIR under the direction of TSI Research Inc. of Solana Beach, CA. The ST-VNS is to provide a test bed for developing nuclear technologies, as well as qualifying blanket designs for future fusion reactors. The device is scoped to be capable of staged operation with a neutron wall loading range of 0.5-4.0 MW/m(2) as the physics and engineering design assumptions are raised from modest to aggressive levels. Margins in the design are ensured, since operation at 2 MW/m(2) neutron wall loading will satisfy the mission of the VNS. The device has a naturally diverted plasma with a major radius of 1.1m, a minor radius of 0.78 m for an aspect ratio of 1.4, an elongation of 3, a triangularity of 0.6 and can be driven with neutral beams (NB) or radio frequency (RF). It utilizes a single turn; unshielded normal conducting CP made of dispersion strengthened (DS) Cu that is 15.5 m long and has a diameter of 0.55 m at the midplane. Resistive heating at the start of operation is 153 MW and increases to 178 MW after three full power years. The effect of transmutation in the Cu causes an increase in the resistivity, producing a shift in the CP current towards the center. The results of this shift on power distribution are reported. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. TSI Res Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92065 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sviatoslavsky, IN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1061 EP 1065 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500127 ER PT J AU Cheng, ET Cerbone, RJ Peng, YKM Galambos, JD Strickler, D Sviatoslavsky, IN Wong, CPC Sze, DK Wang, XR Simnad, M Tillack, M AF Cheng, ET Cerbone, RJ Peng, YKM Galambos, JD Strickler, D Sviatoslavsky, IN Wong, CPC Sze, DK Wang, XR Simnad, M Tillack, M TI Progress of the ST-VNS study SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Progress is given on the investigation of a low cost, scientifically attractive, and technologically feasible volumetric neutron source (VNS) based on the spherical torus (ST) concept. The ST-VNS has a major radius of 1.07 m, an aspect ratio of 1.4, and a plasma elongation 3. It can produce a neutron wall loading ultimately up to 5 MW/m(2) averaged over the outboard test section when the fusion power reaches 380 MW. Initial operation of this device can be at a level of I MW/m2 or lower. Higher performance blanket components can be developed to raised the neutron wall loading. Using staged high wall loading operation scheme and optimistic availability projected for the VNS device, a neutron fluence of more than 30 MW-y/m(2) can be expected to accumulate within 20 years of operation. Assessments of lifetime and reliability of fusion core components will thus be allowed in a power reactor relevant environment. A full-function testing of fusion core components may also become possible because of the high neutron wall loading capability. Integrated testing of tritium breeding in such a full scale power reactor relevant VNS device can be very useful to verify the self-sufficiency of fuel cycle in candidate power blanket concepts. C1 TSI Res Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cheng, ET (reprint author), TSI Res Inc, 225 Stevens Ave, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1066 EP 1070 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500128 ER PT J AU Sawicki, R Bowers, J Hackel, R Larson, D Manes, K Murray, J AF Sawicki, R Bowers, J Hackel, R Larson, D Manes, K Murray, J TI Engineering the National Ignition Facility SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The engineering team of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has developed a highly optimized hardware design that satisfies stringent cost, performance and schedule requirements. After a 3-year effort, the design will culminate at the end of FY98 with the completion of major Title II design reviews. Every element of the facility from optic configuration, facility layout and hardware specifications to material selection, fabrication techniques and part tolerancing has been examined to assure the minimum cost per joule of laser energy delivered on target. In this paper, the design of the major subsystems will be discussed from the perspective of this optimization emphasis. Focus will be placed on the special equipment hardware which includes laser, beam transport, opto-mechanical., system control and target area systems. Some of the unique features in each of these areas will be discussed to highlight how significant cost savings have been achieved while maintaining reasonable and acceptable performance risk. Key to the success has also been a vigorous development program that commenced nearly 4 years ago and has been highly responsive to the specific needs of the NIF project. Supporting analyses and prototyping work that evolved from these parallel activities will also be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sawicki, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-465, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1097 EP 1104 PN 2 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500133 ER PT J AU Erlandson, A Alger, T Horvath, J Jancaitis, K Lawson, J Manes, K Marshall, C Moor, E Payne, S Pedrotti, L Rodriguez, S Rotter, M Sutton, S Zapata, L Seznec, S Beullier, J Carbourdin, O Grebot, E Guenet, J Guenet, M LeTouze, G Maille, X AF Erlandson, A Alger, T Horvath, J Jancaitis, K Lawson, J Manes, K Marshall, C Moor, E Payne, S Pedrotti, L Rodriguez, S Rotter, M Sutton, S Zapata, L Seznec, S Beullier, J Carbourdin, O Grebot, E Guenet, J Guenet, M LeTouze, G Maille, X TI Flashlamp-pumped Nd : glass amplifiers for the National Ignition Facility SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB This paper describes the design and performance of flashlamp-pumped, Nd:glass. Brewster-angle slab amplifiers intended to be deployed in the National Ignition Facility (NIF). To verify performance, we tested a full-size, three-slab-long, NIF prototype amplifier, which we believe to be the largest flashlamp-pumped Nd:glass amplifier ever assembled. Like, the NIF amplifier design, this prototype amplifier had eight 40-cm-square apertures combined in a four-aperture-high by two-aperture-wide matrix. Specially-shaped reflectors, anti-reflective coatings on the blastshields, and preionized flashlamps were used to increase storage efficiency. Cooling gas was flowed over the flashlamps to remove waste pump heat and to accelerate thermal wavefront recovery. The protoytpe gain results are consistent with model predictions and provide high confidence in the final engineering design of the MF amplifiers. Although the dimensions, internal positions, and shapes of the components in the NIF amplifiers will be slightly different from the prototype, these differences are small and should produce only slight differences in amplifier performance. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ctr Etud Limeil Valenton, F-94195 Villeneuve St Georges, France. RP Erlandson, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1105 EP 1112 PN 2 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500134 ER PT J AU Rhodes, MA Fochs, S Biltoft, P AF Rhodes, MA Fochs, S Biltoft, P TI Plasma electrode pockels cell for the National Ignition Facility SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF), now under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, will be the largest laser fusion facility ever built. The NIF laser architecture is based on a multi-pass power amplifier to reduce cost and maximize performance. A key component in this laser design is an optical switch that closes to trap the optical pulse in the cavity for four gain passes and then opens to divert the optical pulse out of the amplifier cavity. The switch is comprised of a Pockels cell and a polarizer and is unique because it handles a beam that is 40 cm x 40 cm square and allows close horizontal and vertical beam spacing. Conventional Pockels cells do not scale to such large apertures or the square shape required for close packing. Our switch is based on a Plasma-Electrode Pockels Cell (PEPC). In a PEPC, low-pressure helium discharges (1-2 kA) are formed on both sides of a thin slab of electro-optic material. Typically, we use KH2PO4 crystals (KDP). The discharges form highly conductive, transparent sheets that allow uniform application of a high-voltage pulse (17 kV) across the crystal. A 37 cm x 37 cm PEPC has been in routine operation for two years on the 6 kJ Beamlet laser at LLNL. For the NIF, a module four apertures high by one wide (4x1) is required. However, this 4x1 mechanical module will be comprised electrically of a pair of 2x1 sub-modules. Last year (FY 97), we demonstrated full operation of a prototype 2x1 PEPC. In this PEPC, the plasma spans two KDP crystals. A major advance in the 2x1 PEPC over the Beamlet PEPC is the use of anodized aluminum construction that still provides sufficient insulation to allow formation of the planar plasmas. In this paper, we discuss full 4x1 NIF prototypes. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rhodes, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-490, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1113 EP 1116 PN 2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500135 ER PT J AU Boege, SJ Bliss, ES AF Boege, SJ Bliss, ES TI Beam control and laser characterization for NIF SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The demanding energy, power, pulse shape, focusability, pointing, and availability requirements placed on the 192 National Ignition Facility (NIF) beams lead to the need for an automatic operation capability that is well beyond that of previous inertial confinement fusion lasers.' Alignment, diagnostic, and wavefront correction subsystems are integrated in an approach that, by permitting maximal sharing of instrumentation between subsystems, meets performance requirements at a reasonable cost. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Boege, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-495, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1117 EP 1121 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500136 ER PT J AU Newton, M Wilson, M AF Newton, M Wilson, M TI Main amplifier power conditioning for the National Ignition Facility SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF), being built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) will utilize a 1.8 MJ glass laser to study inertial confinement fusion. This laser will be driven by a power conditioning system which must simultaneously deliver over 260 MJ of electrical energy to the nearly 7700 flashlamps. The power conditioning system is divided into independent modules that store, shape and deliver pulses of energy to the flashlamps. The NIF power conditioning system which is being designed and built by Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) in collaboration with LLNL and industrial partners, is a different architecture from any laser power conditioning system previously built at LLNL. This particular design architecture was chosen as the most cost-effective way to reliably deliver the large amount of energy needed for NIF. This paper will describe the development and design of the NIF power conditioning system. It will discuss the design objectives as well as the key design issues and technical hurdles that are being addressed in an ongoing component development and system validation program being supported by both SNL and LLNL. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Newton, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1122 EP 1126 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500137 ER PT J AU Lane, MA Van Wonterghem, BM Clower, CA AF Lane, MA Van Wonterghem, BM Clower, CA TI Phased NIF start-up SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB We describe a phased start-up plan for the 192-beam line National Ignition Facility, that supports a gradual transition of the present ICF program, based upon the 10 beam Nova laser system to a NIF based ICF program, with all 24 bundles being available for operation in FY04. This plan is based upon a bundle-by-bundle completion of integrated operational test procedures and hand-over to the program for experiments. The early execution of the start-up of one bundle not only provides experimental capability two years before completion of the NIF Project, but its experience will be essential to complete this transition plan in a timely and cost effective way. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lane, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-493, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1127 EP 1134 PN 2 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500138 ER PT J AU Burgess, T Haange, R Hattori, Y Heckendorn, F Ozaki, F Shibanuma, K Tesini, A Janeschitz, G Martin, E Sironi, M Herndon, J Maisonnier, D Tada, E AF Burgess, T Haange, R Hattori, Y Heckendorn, F Ozaki, F Shibanuma, K Tesini, A Janeschitz, G Martin, E Sironi, M Herndon, J Maisonnier, D Tada, E TI Remote handling and maintenance of ITER in-vessel components SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB ITER in-vessel components must be remotely handled and maintained due to their neutron activation. Components requiring regularly scheduled maintenance include the blanket shield modules, divertor cassettes and the various ancillary systems mounted in the vacuum vessel (VV) ports. Maintenance is predominantly performed by removing the component from the VV and transferring it to the hot cell facility where it is repaired or processed as waste. Component transfer, as well as remote handling (RH) equipment deployment, is performed with sealed transfer casks that are capable of connecting to the VV ports and hot cell while maintaining containment. An overview of the in-vessel remote maintenance requirements, techniques and equipment is presented. C1 ITER Joint Cent Team, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, ITER Joint Cent Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. ITER Joint Cent Team San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Net Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Burgess, T (reprint author), ITER Joint Cent Team, 801-01 Mukouyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1144 EP 1150 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500140 ER PT J AU Spampinato, PT Barry, RE Menon, MM Slotwinski, AR Clemens, DD AF Spampinato, PT Barry, RE Menon, MM Slotwinski, AR Clemens, DD TI A remotely deployed laser system for in-vessel metrology and viewing SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Next generation fusion reactors require accurate measuring systems to verify sub-millimeter alignment of plasma-facing components in the reactor vessel. A metrology system capable of achieving such accuracy must be compatible with the vessel environment of high gamma radiation, high vacuum, elevated temperature, and magnetic field. This environment requires that the system must be remotely deployed. A coherent, frequency modulated laser radar system is being integrated with a remotely operated deployment system to meet these requirements. The metrology/viewing system consists of a compact laser transceiver optics module which is linked through fiber optics to the laser source and imaging units that are located outside of the harsh environment. The deployment mechanism is a telescopic-mast positioning system. This paper identifies the requirements for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor metrology and viewing system, and describes a remotely operated precision ranging and surface mapping system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Coleman Res Corp, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Boeing Corp, Rocketdyne Div, Canoga Park, CA 91309 USA. RP Spampinato, PT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1151 EP 1154 PN 2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500141 ER PT J AU Woolley, RD AF Woolley, RD TI Improved magnetic fusion energy economics via massive resistive electromagnets SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY JUN 07-11, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Abandoning superconductors for magnetic fusion reactors and instead using resistive magnet designs based on cheap copper or aluminum conductor material operating at "room temperature" (300 degrees K) can reduce the capital cost per unit fusion power and simplify plant operations.(1) By increasing unit size well beyond that of present MFE. conceptual designs using superconducting electromagnets, the recirculating power fraction needed to operate resistive electromagnets can be made as close to zero as needed for economy without requiring superconductors. Other advantages of large fusion plant size, such as very long inductively driven pulses, may also help reduce the cost per unit fusion power.(2) C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Woolley, RD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1174 EP 1178 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 145RE UT WOS:000077384500145 ER PT J AU Chesser, RK AF Chesser, RK TI Heteroplasmy and organelle gene dynamics SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA LINEAGES; CHLOROPLAST DNA; EFFECTIVE SIZES; MUSSEL MYTILUS; PATERNAL INHERITANCE; POPULATION-GENETICS; ISLAND MODEL; MTDNA; DIVERSITY; DIFFERENTIATION AB This study assesses factors that influence the rates of change of organelle gene diversity and the maintenance of heteroplasmy. Losses of organelle gene diversity within individuals via vegetative segregation during ontogeny are paramount to resultant spatial and temporal patterns. Steady-state losses of organelle variation from the zygote to the gametes are determined by the effective number of organelles, which will be approximately equal to the number of intracellular organelles if random segregation prevails. Both rapid increases in organelle number after zygote formation and reductions at germ lines will reduce variation within individuals. Terminal reductions in organelles must be to very low copy numbers (<5) for substantial losses in variation to occur rapidly. Nonrandom clonal expansion and vegetative segregation during gametogenesis may be effective in reducing genetic variation in gametes. If organelles are uniparentally inherited, the asymptotic expectations for effective numbers of gametes and spatial differentiation will be identical for homoplasmic and heteroplasmic conditions. The rate of attainment of asymptote for heteroplasmic organelles, however, is governed by the rate of loss of variation during ontogeny. With sex-biased dispersal, the effective number of gametes is maximized when the proportional contributions of the sex having the higher dispersal rate are low. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Chesser, RK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM chesser@srel.edu NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 1998 VL 150 IS 3 BP 1309 EP 1327 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 135ND UT WOS:000076807800032 PM 9799281 ER PT J AU Centola, M Chen, XG Sood, R Deng, ZM Aksentijevich, I Blake, T Ricke, DO Chen, X Wood, G Zaks, N Richards, N Krizman, D Mansfield, E Apostolou, S Liu, JM Shafran, N Vedula, A Hamon, M Cercek, A Kahan, T Gumucio, D Callen, DF Richards, RI Moyzis, RK Doggett, NA Collins, FS Liu, PP Fischel-Ghodsian, N Kastner, DL AF Centola, M Chen, XG Sood, R Deng, ZM Aksentijevich, I Blake, T Ricke, DO Chen, X Wood, G Zaks, N Richards, N Krizman, D Mansfield, E Apostolou, S Liu, JM Shafran, N Vedula, A Hamon, M Cercek, A Kahan, T Gumucio, D Callen, DF Richards, RI Moyzis, RK Doggett, NA Collins, FS Liu, PP Fischel-Ghodsian, N Kastner, DL TI Construction of an similar to 700-kb transcript map around the familial Mediterranean fever locus on human chromosome 16p13.3 SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN; TRANSFER-RNA GENES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; POSITIONAL CLONING; HUMAN GENOME; HUMAN DNA; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; CANDIDATE REGION; CODING REGIONS; MOUSE HOMOLOG AB We used a combination of cDNA selection, exon amplification, and computational prediction from genomic sequence to isolate transcribed sequences from genomic DNA surrounding the familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) locus. Eighty-seven kb of genomic DNA around D16S3370, a marker showing a high degree of linkage disequilibrium with FMF, was sequenced to completion, and the sequence annotated. A transcript map reflecting the minimal number of genes encoded within the similar to 700 kb of genomic DNA surrounding the FMF locus was assembled. This map consists of 27 genes with discreet messages detectable on Northerns, in addition to three olfactory-receptor genes, a cluster of 18 tRNA genes, and two putative transcriptional units that have typical intron-exon splice junctions yet do not detect messages on Northerns. Four of the transcripts are identical to genes described previously, seven have been independently identified by the French FMF Consortium, and the others are novel. Six related zinc-finger genes, a cluster of tRNAs, and three olfactory receptors account for the majority of transcribed sequences isolated from a 315-kb FMF central region (between D16S468/D16S3070 and cosmid 377A12). Interspersed among them are several genes that may be important in inflammation. This transcript map not only has permitted the identification of the FMF gene (MEFV), but also has provided us an opportunity to probe the structural and functional features of this region of chromosome 16. C1 NIAMSD, Athrit & Rheumatism Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Natl Human Genome Res Inst, Genet & Mol Biol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NCI, Pathol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Adelaide Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Cytogenet & Mol Genet, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Genet, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Kastner, DL (reprint author), NIAMSD, Athrit & Rheumatism Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kastnerd@arb.niams.nih.gov RI Liu, Paul/A-7976-2012; Callen, David/G-1975-2012; Hamon, Melanie/B-3501-2013; OI Liu, Paul/0000-0002-6779-025X; Callen, David/0000-0002-6189-9991 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [NIH-P60-AR20527] NR 97 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1054-9803 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1172 EP 1191 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 147QF UT WOS:000077577000007 PM 9847080 ER PT J AU Her, C Wood, TC Eichler, EE Mohrenweiser, HW Ramagli, LS Siciliano, MJ Weinshilboum, RM AF Her, C Wood, TC Eichler, EE Mohrenweiser, HW Ramagli, LS Siciliano, MJ Weinshilboum, RM TI Human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase SULT2B1: Two enzymes encoded by a single chromosome 19 gene SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFOTRANSFERASE; THERMOLABILE PHENOL SULFOTRANSFERASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; HUMAN-LIVER; CDNA CLONING; 3-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID SULFOTRANSFERASE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; ESTROGEN SULFOTRANSFERASE; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AB We have cloned and characterized cDNAs that encode two human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes, SULT2B1a and SULT2B1b, as well as the single gene that encodes both of these enzymes. The two cDNAs differed at their 5'-termini and had 1050- and 1095-bp open reading frames that encoded 350 and 365 amino acids, respectively. The amino acid sequences encoded by these cDNAs included "signature sequences" that are conserved in all known cytosolic SULTs. Both cDNAs appeared, on the basis of amino acid sequence analysis, to be members of the hydroxysteroid SULT "family," SULT2, but they were only 48% identical in amino acid sequence with the single known member of that family in humans, SULT2A1 (also referred to as DHEA ST). Northern blot analysis demonstrated the presence of SULT2B1 mRNA species approximately 1.4 kb in length in human placenta, prostate, and trachea and-faintly-in small intestine and lung. Expression of the two human SULT2B1 cDNAs in COS-l cells showed that both of the encoded proteins catalyzed sulfation of the prototypic hydroxysteroid SULT substrate, dehydroepiandrosterone, but both failed to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of 4-nitrophenol or 17 beta-estradiol, prototypic substrates for the phenol and estrogen SULT subfamilies. Both of these cDNAs were encoded by a single gene, SULT2B1. The locations of most exonintron splice junctions in SULT2B1 were identical to those of the only other known human hydroxysteroid SULT gene SULT2A1 (previously STD). The divergence in 5'-terminal sequences of the two SULT2B1 cDNAs resulted from alternative transcription initiation prior to different 5' exons, combined with alternative splicing. SULT2B1 mapped to human chromosome band 19q13.3, approximately 500 kb telomeric to the location of SULT2A1. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Mayo Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Weinshilboum, RM (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Mayo Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM weinshilboum.richard@mayo.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM28157, R01 GM35720] NR 57 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 53 IS 3 BP 284 EP 295 DI 10.1006/geno.1998.5518 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 137WC UT WOS:000076938900005 PM 9799594 ER PT J AU Murphy, EM Schramke, JA AF Murphy, EM Schramke, JA TI Estimation of microbial respiration rates in groundwater by geochemical modeling constrained with stable isotopes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; DEEP SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; COASTAL-PLAIN SEDIMENTS; SAVANNAH RIVER PLANT; SULFATE REDUCTION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS; BOTTOM SEDIMENTS AB Changes in geochemistry and stable isotopes along a well-established groundwater flow path were used to estimate in situ microbial respiration rates in the Middendorf aquifer in the southeastern United States. Respiration rates were determined for individual terminal electron accepters including O-2, MnO2, Fe3+, and SO42-. The extent of biotic reactions were constrained by the fractionation of stable isotopes of carbon and sulfur. Sulfur isotopes and the presence of sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms indicated that sulfate is produced through the oxidation of reduced sulfur species in the aquifer and not by the dissolution of gypsum, as previously reported. The respiration rates varied along the flow path as the groundwater transitioned between primarily oxic to anoxic conditions. Iron-reducing microorganisms were the largest contributors to the oxidation of organic matter along the portion of the groundwater how path investigated in this study. The transition zone between oxic and anoxic groundwater contained a wide range of terminal electron accepters and showed the greatest diversity and numbers of culturable microorganisms and the highest respiration rates. A comparison of respiration rates measured from core samples and pumped groundwater suggests that variability in respiration rates may often reflect the measurement scales, both in the sample volume and the time-frame over which the respiration measurement is averaged. Chemical heterogeneity may create a wide range of respiration rates when the scale of the observation is below the scale of the heterogeneity. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Hlth Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Shepherd Miller Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Murphy, EM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Hlth Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM em_murphy@pnl.gov NR 54 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV PY 1998 VL 62 IS 21-22 BP 3395 EP 3406 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00254-3 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 185LF UT WOS:000079669900001 ER PT J AU Cheng, H Edwards, RL Murrell, MT Benjamin, TM AF Cheng, H Edwards, RL Murrell, MT Benjamin, TM TI Uranium-thorium-protactinium dating systematics SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TH-230 AGES; MARINE PHOSPHORITES; PA-231 AGES; SERIES AGES; SEA-LEVEL; CORALS; DISEQUILIBRIUM; CARBONATES AB With precise U-234, Th-230, and Pa-231 data available, Th-230 and Pa-231 ages can now be tested rigorously for concordancy. If the material is not concordant, the isotopic characteristics of this material may be examined in some detail. Here, models similar to those used to describe the U-Pb system are evaluated for use in U-Th-Pa studies, for the case in which initial Th-230 and Pa-231 concentrations are effectively zero. The systematics of concordia plots in relation to models of variation in delta(234)U, episodic U loss or gain, continuous U loss or gain, and continuous U-234, Th-230 and Pa-231 gain or loss are considered for the case in which initial U concentration is significant (for example, in many carbonate deposits). We also examine linear U uptake models for the case in which initial U concentration is effectively zero (for example, in teeth and bones). Such models should prove useful in interpreting data from materials that have behaved as open-systems. In particular, these models may help constrain the nature of diagenetic processes, and in some situations it may be possible to determine or constrain true ages with materials that have behaved as open-systems. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minnesota Isotope Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minnesota Isotope Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM cheng021@tc.umn.edu NR 65 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV PY 1998 VL 62 IS 21-22 BP 3437 EP 3452 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00255-5 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 185LF UT WOS:000079669900005 ER PT J AU Myneni, SCB Traina, SJ Waychunas, GA Logan, TJ AF Myneni, SCB Traina, SJ Waychunas, GA Logan, TJ TI Vibrational spectroscopy of functional group chemistry and arsenate coordination in ettringite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; IONS; SOLUBILITY; OXYANIONS; SORPTION; SELENIUM; WATER; XAFS AB The functional group chemistry and coordination of AsO43--sorption complexes in ettringite [Ca6Al2(SO4)(3)(OH)(12). 26H(2)O] were evaluated as a function of sorption type (adsorption, coprecipitation) and pH using Raman and Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The reactive functional groups of ettringite, =Al-OH, =Ca-OH2 and =Ca-2-OH exhibit broad overlapping OH bands in the range 3600-3200 cm(-1), prohibiting separation of component vibrational bands. The SO42- polyhedra of the channels are present in three crystallographically different sites and exhibit weakly split S-O asymmetric stretch at 1136 cm(-1) (with several components) and symmetric stretch at 1016, 1008, and 989 cm(-1). During AsO43- adsorption, the vibrational spectra of SO42- were least affected, and the OH stretching intensities around 3600 cm(-1) decreased with an increase in AsO43- sorption. In contrast, the S-O symmetric stretch at 1016 and 1008 cm(-1) were almost completely removed, and the OH vibrations were relatively unaffected during AsO43-- coprecipitation. The As-O asymmetric stretch of sorbed AsO43- are split and occur as overlapping peaks around 870 cm(-1). The As-O-complexed stretching vibrations are at similar to 800 cm(-1). The low pH samples (pH = 10.3-11.0) exhibit distinct As-OH stretching vibrations at 748 cm(-1), indicating that some of the sorbed AsO43- ions are protonated. These spectral features demonstrate that AsO43- directly interacts with ettringite surface sites during adsorption and substitute inside the channels during coprecipitation (preferentially for two of the three sites). The energy position of the As-O symmetric stretch vibrations suggest that the AsO43- polyhedra interacts predominantly with =Ca-OH2 and =Ca-2-OH sites rather than with =Al-OH sites. Sorption of more than one type of As species was evident in low pH (<11.0) samples. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Myneni, SCB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Mail Stop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kirk, Caroline/H-2518-2012 NR 42 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV PY 1998 VL 62 IS 21-22 BP 3499 EP 3514 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00221-X PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 185LF UT WOS:000079669900008 ER PT J AU Thomas-Keprta, KL McKay, DS Wentworth, SJ Stevens, TO Taunton, AE Allen, CC Coleman, A Gibson, EK Romanek, CS AF Thomas-Keprta, KL McKay, DS Wentworth, SJ Stevens, TO Taunton, AE Allen, CC Coleman, A Gibson, EK Romanek, CS TI Bacterial mineralization patterns in basaltic aquifers: Implications for possible life in martian meteorite ALH84001 SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROORGANISMS; NANNOBACTERIA; ECOSYSTEMS; SEDIMENTS; MARS; DEEP AB To explore the formation and preservation of biogenic features in igneous rocks, we have examined the organisms in experimental basaltic microcosms using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Four types of microorganisms were recognized on the basis of size, morphology, and chemical composition, Some of the organisms mineralized rapidly, whereas others show no evidence of mineralization. Many mineralized cells are hollow and do not contain evidence of microstructure. Filaments, either attached or no longer attached to organisms, are common. Unattached filaments are mineralized and are most likely bacterial appendages (e,g., prosthecae). Features similar in size and morphology to unattached, mineralized filaments are recognized in martian meteorite ALH84001. C1 Lockheed Martin Space Mission Syst & Serv, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brown Univ, Biomed Dept, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Thomas-Keprta, KL (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Mission Syst & Serv, 2400 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 1998 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1031 EP 1034 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<1031:BMPIBA>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 135MX UT WOS:000076807000018 PM 11541429 ER PT J AU Gupta, ML Cicerone, RJ Elliott, S AF Gupta, ML Cicerone, RJ Elliott, S TI Perturbation to global tropospheric oxidizing capacity due to latitudinal redistribution of surface sources of NOx, CH4 and CO SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB Economic and social projections indicate that during next several decades there will be major geographical redistribution of surface emissions of O-3 precursors, such as NOx, CH4 and CO. A net decrease in their emissions from northern hemispheric mid-latitudes will be accompanied by substantial increases from the tropics. We have investigated a hypothetical scenario of currently underway transition of such emission patterns using a global two-dimensional photochemical model. With overall O-3 precursor releases held constant, a simultaneous transfer of their emissions by 25% from the latitude belt 75 degrees N-35 degrees N to 5 degrees S-35 degrees N increases tropospheric oxidizing capacity Such that the methane global lifetime and concentrations fall by more than 3%. Seasonally dependent changes in surface O-3 concentrations are also calculated. In influencing OH concentration, redistribution of surface NOx emissions is 2-3 orders of magnitude more efficient per unit mass than CO emissions. Shifts in methane sources have insignificant effects on global photochemistry, but lead to a decrease in its interhemispheric gradient. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gupta, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 21 BP 3931 EP 3934 DI 10.1029/1998GL900099 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 136CE UT WOS:000076839800004 ER PT J AU Danilin, MY Fahey, DW Schumann, U Prather, MJ Penner, JE Ko, MKW Weisenstein, DK Jackman, CH Pitari, G Kohler, I Sausen, R Weaver, CJ Douglass, AR Connell, PS Kinnison, DE Dentener, FJ Fleming, EL Berntsen, TK Isaksen, ISA Haywood, JM Karcher, B AF Danilin, MY Fahey, DW Schumann, U Prather, MJ Penner, JE Ko, MKW Weisenstein, DK Jackman, CH Pitari, G Kohler, I Sausen, R Weaver, CJ Douglass, AR Connell, PS Kinnison, DE Dentener, FJ Fleming, EL Berntsen, TK Isaksen, ISA Haywood, JM Karcher, B TI Aviation fuel tracer simulation: Model intercomparison and implications SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT SULFUR EMISSIONS; SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; TRANSPORT MODEL; AEROSOL; OZONE; SULFATE; IMPACT AB An upper limit for aircraft-produced perturbations to aerosols and gaseous exhaust products in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) is derived using the 1992 aviation fuel tracer simulation performed by eleven global atmospheric models. Key findings are that subsonic aircraft emissions: 1) have not be responsible for the observed water vapor trends at 40 degrees N; 2) could be a significant source of soot mass near 12 km, but not at 20 km, 3) might cause a noticeable increase in the background sulfate aerosol surface area and number densities (but not mass density) near the northern mid-latitude tropopause, and 4) could provide a global, annual mean top of the atmosphere radiative forcing up to +0.006 W/m(2) and -0.013 W/m(2) due to emitted soot and sulfur, respectively. C1 AER Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. Space Applicat Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res, Oslo, Norway. Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Meteorol Off, Bracknell, Berks, England. RP Danilin, MY (reprint author), AER Inc, 840 Mem Dr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Jackman, Charles/D-4699-2012; Karcher, Bernd/D-5325-2014; Ko, Malcolm/D-5898-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016 OI Schumann, Ulrich/0000-0001-5255-6869; Karcher, Bernd/0000-0003-0278-4980; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578 NR 30 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 21 BP 3947 EP 3950 DI 10.1029/1998GL900058 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 136CE UT WOS:000076839800008 ER PT J AU Cheng, CZ Lui, ATY AF Cheng, CZ Lui, ATY TI Kinetic ballooning instability for substorm onset and current disruption observed by AMPTE/CCE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVE GROWTH-PHASE; TAIL CURRENT; MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMAS; MODES AB A new interpretation of AMPTE/CCE observation of substorm onset and current disruption and the corresponding physical processes are presented. Toward the end of late growth phase the plasma beta increases to greater than or equal to 50 and a low frequency instability with a wave period of 50 - 75 .sec is excited and grows to a large amplitude at the current disruption onset. At the onset, higher frequency instabilities are excited so that the plasma and electromagnetic field form a turbulent state. Plasma transport takes plate to modify the ambient pressure profile so that the ambient magnetic field recovers from a tail-like geometry to a more dipole-like geometry, A new theory of kinetic ballooning instability (KBI) is proposed to explain the low frequency instability and the high beta threshold (beta(c) greater than or equal to 50) observed by AMPTE/CCE. The stabilizing effect is mainly due to kinetic effects of trapped electrons and finite ion Larmor radii which give rise to a large parallel electric field and hence a parallel current that greatly enhances the stabilizing effect of field line tension: As a result beta(c) is greatly increased over the ideal MHD ballooning instability threshold by greater than or equal to O(10(2) - 10(3)). The wave-ion magnetic drift resonance effect produces a perturbed resonant ion velocity distribution centered at a duskward velocity roughly equal to the average ion magnetic drift velocity. This perturbed ion distribution explains the enhanced duskward ion flux during the explosive growth phase and can excite higher frequency instabilities (such as the cross-field current instability). C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 17 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 21 BP 4091 EP 4094 DI 10.1029/1998GL900093 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 136CE UT WOS:000076839800044 ER PT J AU Daniels, JJ Brower, J AF Daniels, JJ Brower, J TI Side-looking underground radar (SLUR): Physical modeling and case history SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A modification of conventional surface ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was conceived, tested, and successfully applied in the field at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to investigate waste pits. The modified GPR method consists of making measurements along a traverse line in a sloping trench with the radar's antenna oriented at an angle of up to 45 degrees from the horizontal. The direction of propagation of the electromagnetic field for this configuration is not vertical, and the amount of energy scattered from objects that are oriented vertically relative to the energy scattered from horizontal layers is increased. This fundamental feature of side-looking underground radar (SLUR) measurements is illustrated by physical modeling. Measurements made along parallel trenches that are offset at different distances from a vertically oriented object provides GPR cross-sections with a primary plane of investigation that intersects the vertical feature at different depths, SLUR was used at BNL in conjunction with conventional surface GPR measurements (displayed as 3-D blocks and plan-view time slices) to enhance the vertical definition and improve the depth estimates of the waste pits. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Off Environm Restorat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Daniels, JJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 275 Mendenhall Lab,125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 63 IS 6 BP 1925 EP 1932 DI 10.1190/1.1444485 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 148XX UT WOS:000077560600010 ER PT J AU Dunnivant, FM Newman, ME Bishop, CW Burgess, D Giles, JR Higgs, BD Hubbell, JM Neher, E Norrell, GT Pfiefer, MC Porro, I Starr, RC Wylie, AH AF Dunnivant, FM Newman, ME Bishop, CW Burgess, D Giles, JR Higgs, BD Hubbell, JM Neher, E Norrell, GT Pfiefer, MC Porro, I Starr, RC Wylie, AH TI Water and radioactive tracer flow in a heterogeneous field-scale system SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB A coupled field-scale aquifer pumping and water infiltration test was conducted at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory in order to evaluate subsurface water and contaminant transport processes in a heterogeneous flow system. The test included an aquifer pumping test to determine the storage properties of the aquifer and the state of confinement of the aquifer (similar to 190 m below land surface), and a vadose zone infiltration test to determine vertical moisture and radioactive tracer migration rates, Pump test results indicated that the Snake River Plain Aquifer was locally unconfined with a transmissivity ranging from 5.57 X 10(5) to 9.29 X 10(4) m(2)/day. Moisture monitoring with neutron probes indicated that infiltrating water was initially transported vertically through the upper basalt layer of the vadose zone, primarily through fractures and rubble zones, at an average rate of 5 m/day (based on vertical distance traveled and first arrival of water at the monitoring points), Analysis of breakthrough curves for a conservative tracer allowed estimation of the arrival of the peak concentration and yielded an average velocity of 1 m/day, The migration velocities from the neutron probe and tracer tests are in good agreement given the scale of the test and difference in analysis techniques. None of the data sets showed a correlation between migration velocity (arrival time) and distance from the point source, but they strongly indicate preferential flow through discrete fractures. Upon reaching the first continuous sedimentary interbed layer in the basalt formation, water flow was diverted laterally along the interbed surface where it spread outward in primarily three areas corresponding to topographic lows on the interbed surface, and slowly infiltrated into the interbed, The nonpredictable movement of water and tracer through specific fractures underlying the site suggests that a priori prediction of transmissive fractures in this media is not possible. Results do suggest that the continuous sedimentary interbed layers, in general, impede vertical water flow and contaminant migration. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Dunnivant, FM (reprint author), Hartwick Coll, Dept Chem, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 949 EP 958 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02101.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 136MZ UT WOS:000076864400012 ER PT J AU McNab, WW Dooher, BP AF McNab, WW Dooher, BP TI A critique of a steady-state analytical method for estimating contaminant degradation rates SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID AQUIFER AB Contaminant transformation rates are routinely estimated from monitoring well data using a regression method based on a steady-state analytical model. This approach assumes one-dimensional solute transport in the presence of a continuous boundary concentration and a uniform first-order degradation coefficient. It must be recognized that this type of analysis is easily subject to misinterpretation, particularly when few monitoring points are used. This is because the dispersive nature of solute transport can produce concentration profiles which closely resemble those associated with a degrading contaminant even in the absence of any transformation processes. Monte Carlo analyses using simulated plumes suggest that this method may lead to significant overestimates of apparent transformation rates. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Protect Dept, Environm Restorat Program & Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McNab, WW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Protect Dept, Environm Restorat Program & Div, POB 808,L-530, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mcnab1@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 6 BP 983 EP 987 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02105.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 136MZ UT WOS:000076864400016 ER PT J AU Sorensen, SA Low, JO AF Sorensen, SA Low, JO TI Safety significant class determination of continuous air monitors at facilities handling alpha-emitting radionuclides SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE alpha particles; monitoring, air; operational topics; exposure, occupational AB The role and use of continuous air monitors typically fall under the responsibility of institutional radiation protection programs established to maintain stochastic effects to workers at acceptable levels. This practice has led to a general perception that acute serious worker injury is not credible even with high intakes of alpha-emitting radionuclides, Using data derived from animal studies, release masses potentially causing serious worker injury are estimated. Serious pulmonary injuries to unprotected individuals are credible from airborne alpha-emitting transuranic release levels ranging between 0.1 and 10 GBq (2.7 to 270 mCi). Safety-significant designation of continuous air monitor systems should be considered at facilities where releases of these magnitudes are possible. Such designations should enhance the formality of continuous air monitor usage and ultimately improve the reliability of these systems. Serious pulmonary injuries are not considered possible from airborne releases of U-235, U-238, and Th-232 due to airborne mass-loading limitations. C1 Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. US DOE, Albuquerque Operat Off, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 75 IS 5 BP 530 EP 534 DI 10.1097/00004032-199811000-00010 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 130NE UT WOS:000076525500011 PM 9790563 ER PT J AU Leggett, RW AF Leggett, RW TI Rate and route of excretion of systemic thorium from the human body in occupational subjects and its implications in bioassay monitoring - Response to Dang and Jaiswal SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dosimetry Res Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 75 IS 5 BP 537 EP 538 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 130NE UT WOS:000076525500015 ER PT J AU Paik, S Nguyen, HD Pop, I AF Paik, S Nguyen, HD Pop, I TI Transient conjugate mixed convection from a sphere in a porous medium saturated with cold pure or saline water SO HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-CONVECTION; ADJACENT; CYLINDER; FLOWS AB In this paper, a numerical investigation of the transient conjugate mixed convection flow about a sphere embedded in a porous medium saturated with pure or saline water is carried out. The effect of density extremum is considered by using the nonlinear dependence of density on the temperature. The salinity effects are considered by assuming uniform saline concentration over the domain considered. The direction of the natural convection is changed either to aiding or to opposing the upcoming flow direction simulating the sphere is either hot or cold relative to the surrounding temperature. Results show that the initial temperature differences as well as the saline concentration alter the transient heat transfer rate in conceivable degree. It was found that the heat capacity ratio between the sphere and the surrounding media has more significant effect on the calculated heat transfer rate than the thermal conductivity ratio. The study is performed by using six nondimensional parameters and results are discussed in detail. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Cluj, Fac Math, R-3400 Cluj Napoca, Romania. RP Paik, S (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0042-9929 J9 HEAT MASS TRANSFER JI Heat Mass Transf. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s002310050255 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 146VJ UT WOS:000077452600001 ER PT J AU Allen, JJ Kinney, RD Sarsfield, J Daily, MR Ellis, JR Smith, JH Montague, S Howe, RT Boser, BE Horowitz, R Pisano, AP Lemkin, MA Clark, WA Juneau, T AF Allen, JJ Kinney, RD Sarsfield, J Daily, MR Ellis, JR Smith, JH Montague, S Howe, RT Boser, BE Horowitz, R Pisano, AP Lemkin, MA Clark, WA Juneau, T TI Integrated micro-electro-mechanical sensor development for inertial applications SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Electronic sensing circuitry and micro-electro-mechanical sense elements can be integrated to produce inertial instruments for applications unheard of a few years ago. This paper will describe the Sandia (MEMS)-E-3 fabrication process, inertial instruments that have been fabricated, and the results of initial characterization tests of micro-machined accelerometers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Integrated Micro Instruments, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Allen, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 13 IS 11 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1109/62.730622 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 134AM UT WOS:000076720000007 ER PT J AU Zucconi, L AF Zucconi, L TI Standards should be defined by a cross-section of the software industry SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CSIRO, Software & Syst Engn, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Software Technol Ctr, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 15 IS 6 BP 94 EP 96 DI 10.1109/MS.1998.730855 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 138HY UT WOS:000076967500024 ER PT J AU Hunt, GL AF Hunt, GL TI The great battery search SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Hunt, GL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 35 IS 11 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1109/6.730516 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 133UC UT WOS:000076703300011 ER PT J AU Mosher, JC Leahy, RM AF Mosher, JC Leahy, RM TI Recursive MUSIC: A framework for EEG and MEG source localization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dipole modeling; electroencephalography; magnetoencephalography; signal subspace methods; source localization ID EVOKED-POTENTIALS; ARRAY; MODEL AB The multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm can be used to locate multiple asynchronous dipolar sources from electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. The algorithm scans a single-dipole model through a three-dimensional (3-D) head volume and computes projections onto an estimated signal subspace. To locate the sources, the user must search the head volume for multiple local peaks in the projection metric This task is time consuming and subjective. Here, we describe ari extension of this approach which we refer to as recursive MUSIC (R-MUSIC). This new procedure automatically extracts the locations of the sources through a recursive use of subspace projections. The new method is also able to locate synchronous sources through the use of a spatio-temporal independent topographies (IT) model. This model defines a source as one or more nonrotating dipoles with a single time course. Within this framework, we are able to locate fixed, rotating, and synchronous dipoles. The recursive subspace projection procedure that me introduce here uses the metric of canonical or subspace correlations as a multidimensional form of correlation analysis between the model subspace and the data subspace. By recursively computing subspace correlations, we build up a model for the sources which account for a given set of data. We demonstrate here how R-MUSIC can easily extract multiple asynchronous dipolar sources that are difficult to find using the original MUSIC scan. We then demonstrate R-MUSIC applied to the more general IT model and show results for combinations of fixed, rotating, and synchronous dipoles. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Signal & Image Proc, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Mosher, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp P-21 MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mosher@LANL.Gov FU NEI NIH HHS [R0I-EY08610-04]; NIMH NIH HHS [R0I-MH53213] NR 31 TC 187 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1342 EP 1354 DI 10.1109/10.725331 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 131BH UT WOS:000076555500006 PM 9805833 ER PT J AU Peng, FZ McKeever, JW Adams, DJ AF Peng, FZ McKeever, JW Adams, DJ TI A power line conditioner using cascade multilevel inverters for distribution systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 05-09, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Ind Applicat Soc DE active power filter; multilevel inverter; power line conditioner ID STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR; REACTIVE-POWER; FREQUENCY AB In this paper, a power line conditioner using a cascade multilevel inverter is presented for voltage regulation, reactive power (var) compensation, and harmonic filtering. The cascade M-level inverter consists of (M - 1)/2 H bridges, in which each bridge has its own separate de source. This new inverter can: 1) generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage with only one time switching per line cycle; 2) eliminate transformers of multipulse inverters used in the conventional static var compensators; and 3) make possible direct connection to the 13.8-kV power distribution system in parallel and series without any transformer. In other words, the power line conditioner is much more efficient and more suitable to var compensation and harmonic filtering of distribution systems than traditional multipulse and pulsewidth modulation inverters. It has been shown that the new inverter is especially suited for var compensation. This paper focuses on feasibility and control schemes of the cascade inverter for voltage regulation and harmonic filtering in distribution systems. Analytical, simulated, and experimental results show the superiority of the new power line conditioner. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peng, FZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 145 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1293 EP 1298 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 143LW UT WOS:000077258000014 ER PT J AU Peng, FZ Ott, GW Adams, DJ AF Peng, FZ Ott, GW Adams, DJ TI Harmonic and reactive power compensation based on the generalized instantaneous reactive power theory for three-phase four-wire systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE harmonic current; instantaneous active and reactive current; pq theory; reactive power AB This paper presents harmonic and reactive power compensation based on a generalized theory of instantaneous reactive power for three-phase power systems. This new theory gives a generalized definition of instantaneous reactive power, which is valid for sinusoidal or nonsinusoidal and balanced or unbalanced three-phase power systems with or without zero-sequence currents and/or voltages, The properties and physical meanings of the newly defined instantaneous reactive power are discussed in detail. A harmonic and reactive power compensator based on the new theory for a three-phase harmonic-distorted power system with zero-sequence components in the load current and/or source voltage is then used as an example to show harmonic and reactive power measurement and compensation using the new theory. Simulation and experimental results are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peng, FZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 175 Z9 192 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1174 EP 1181 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 135GN UT WOS:000076792800019 ER PT J AU Kirby, B Hirst, E AF Kirby, B Hirst, E TI Generator response to intrahour load fluctuations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Although system loads fluctuate rapidly and are typically measured at 2-second intervals by utility control centers, generation does not track these high-speed fluctuations. Analysis of data from a large Midwestern control area shows that generation tracks load at roughly the 1- to 2-minute level. In addition, some of the generating units assigned to this regulation service actually contribute to the regulating burden. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kirby, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1373 EP 1377 DI 10.1109/59.736279 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 133HN UT WOS:000076681300029 ER PT J AU Hirst, E Kirby, B AF Hirst, E Kirby, B TI Defining intra- and interhour load swings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Electricity consumption varies with time. These temporal variations include moment-to-moment fluctuations plus hour-to-hour changes associated with diurnal, weekly, and seasonal patterns. The problem naturally splits into two time frames: (1) fast fluctuations, on the order of seconds to minutes, and (2) slower fluctuations, on the order of an hour or longer. Fast fluctuations in aggregate load result primarily from the random movements of individual loads. Slower fluctuations result from common external causes, such as time of day, day of the week, and weather. This study empirically examines intra- and interhour load following. It develops methods to separate intra- and interhour load fluctuations, identifies the key features of each, and shows how they differ from each other. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hirst, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1379 EP 1384 DI 10.1109/59.736280 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 133HN UT WOS:000076681300031 ER PT J AU Chambliss, CK Odom, MA Martin, CR Moyer, BA Strauss, SH AF Chambliss, CK Odom, MA Martin, CR Moyer, BA Strauss, SH TI Rapid and selective redox-recyclable anion-exchange materials containing polyalkylated ferricenium anion-exchange sites SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anion-exchange methodology; kinetic selectivities; separation of inorganic ions; selective redox-recyclable materials; polyalkylated ferricenium nitrate ID METAL-ION REMOVAL; SILICA-GEL; RETENTION BEHAVIOR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CATECHOL AMIDE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; EXTRACTION; ACIDS; RECOVERY AB An anion-exchange methodology based on an organometallic salt is proposed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Strauss, SH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM strauss@chem.colostate.edu RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016; OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277; Chambliss, Kevin/0000-0003-3888-6890 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 1 IS 11 BP 435 EP 438 DI 10.1016/S1387-7003(98)00116-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 149VU UT WOS:000077627600008 ER PT J AU Bazilevskii, AV Durum, AA Kistenev, EP Kochetkov, VI Semenov, VK White, S AF Bazilevskii, AV Durum, AA Kistenev, EP Kochetkov, VI Semenov, VK White, S TI Position measurements of electrons and gamma-quanta in the PHENIX electromagnetic calorimeter SO INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB Position resolution of the electromagnetic calorimeter for the PHENIX setup (RHIC, BNL) was studied at electron (photon) energies of 0.5-8 GeV and angles of incidence of 0 degrees-20 degrees with respect to the normal to the calorimeter surface. The features of the electron (photon) position reconstruction for nonorthogonal incidence are discussed. C1 Protvino High Energy Phys Inst, Protvino 142284, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bazilevskii, AV (reprint author), Protvino High Energy Phys Inst, Protvino 142284, Moscow Oblast, Russia. RI Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA CONSULTANTS BUREAU, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-4412 J9 INSTRUM EXP TECH+ JI Instrum. Exp. Tech. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 41 IS 6 BP 792 EP 796 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 169KK UT WOS:000078746800005 ER PT J AU Yoo, MH AF Yoo, MH TI Twinning and mechanical behavior of titanium aluminides and other intermetallics SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Kyoto Workshop on High Temperature Intermetallic Compounds CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, Res Future Program DE titanium aluminides (based on TiAl); mechanical properties; twinning; defects : twin dislocations; dislocation mobility ID AT-PERCENT AL; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; SUPERLATTICE STRUCTURES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TIAL ALLOYS; FRACTURE; INTERSECTIONS; DISLOCATIONS; PROPAGATION; CRYSTALS AB Based on the recent studies of deformation twinning in ordered intermetallics, the general background on slip-twinning-microcracking relationships is established. Specific roles of deformation twinning in the generalized plasticity of polycrystals and the crack-tip microplasticity are discussed in terms of the local strain compatibility by invoking both 'tension' and 'compression' twins. Special examples are given for gamma-TiAl, other L1(0) alloys, and Ti3Al of the D0(19) structure. Effects of composition, microstructure and temperature on defect properties that are relevant to the propensity of deformation twinning are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yoo, MH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 59 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 6 IS 7-8 BP 597 EP 602 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(98)00033-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 139HH UT WOS:000077022100008 ER PT J AU Liu, CT Maziasz, PJ AF Liu, CT Maziasz, PJ TI Microstructural control and mechanical properties of dual-phase TiAl alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Kyoto Workshop on High Temperature Intermetallic Compounds CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, Res Future Program DE titanium aluminides; based on TiAl; mechanical properties at ambient and high temperatures; yield stress; ductility; extrusion; heat treatment; microstructure ID TITANIUM ALUMINIDE AB This paper summarizes our recent work on the effects of microstructural features on the mechanical properties of TiAl alloys prepared by powder and ingot metallurgy. TiAl alloys based on Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb (at%) were alloyed with small amounts of Ta, W, and B additions for control of alloy phases and microstructure. The alloys were processed by hot extrusion above and below T-alpha, followed by short- and long-term heat treatments at temperatures to 1350 degrees C in vacuum. The microstructural features in the lamellar structures were characterized by metallography, SEM and TEM, and the mechanical properties were determined by tensile tests at temperatures to 1000 degrees C. The tensile elongation at room temperature is mainly controlled by the colony size, showing an increase in ductility with decreasing colony size. The yield strength, on the other hand, is sensitive to the interlamellar spacing. Hall-Fetch relationships hold well for both yield strength and tensile elongation at room and elevated temperatures. TiAl alloys with refined colony size and ultrafine lamellar structures possess excellent mechanical properties for structural applications at elevated temperatures. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X; Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 32 TC 141 Z9 158 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 6 IS 7-8 BP 653 EP 661 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(98)00062-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 139HH UT WOS:000077022100017 ER PT J AU George, EP Baker, I AF George, EP Baker, I TI Thermal vacancies and the yield anomaly of FeAl SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Kyoto Workshop on High Temperature Intermetallic Compounds CY MAY 10-13, 1998 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, Res Future Program DE iron aluminides; based on FeAl; creep; mechanical properties at high temperature; yield stress; defects : point defects; mechanical properties; theory ID BETA-CUZN; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CLIMB DISSOCIATION; TENSILE PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRENGTH PEAK; B2 FEAL; FLOW; FRACTURE; BEHAVIOR AB We review here the George-Baker model for the yield strength anomaly of FeAl which is based on hardening by thermal vacancies at intermediate temperatures and dislocation creep at high temperatures. Results of up-quenching and down-quenching experiments; which corroborate the vacancy hardening mechanism, are discussed. Some implications of the model are compared with available experimental results. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP George, EP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM georgeep@ornl.gov RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 36 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 6 IS 7-8 BP 759 EP 763 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(98)00063-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 139HH UT WOS:000077022100035 ER PT J AU Jerde, EA AF Jerde, EA TI Geochemistry of hypabyssal rocks of the Midcontinent Rift system in Minnesota, and implications for a Keweenawan magmatic "family tree" SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID IRON-TITANIUM-OXIDES; MID-CONTINENT RIFT; DULUTH COMPLEX; PLAGIOCLASE THERMOMETER; PETROGENESIS; RESOLUTION; PETROLOGY; EVOLUTION; PYROXENE; CHAMBER AB The hypabyssal rocks associated with the Keweenawan (1.1 Ga) Midcontinent Rift along the Minnesota shore of Lake Superior are a distinct suite within the rock associations of this region. These rocks are found predominantly ss ophitic diabase dikes and sills of various sizes, ranging from a few meters to several hundred meters across. Chilled margins were sampled and analyzed by neutron activation analysis and microprobe fused-bead techniques for bulk chemistry. Mineral compositions were obtained by electron microprobe. Variations in composition were found that are consistent with fractionation. Major-element modeling of fractionation indicates that the majority of the hypabyssal rocks formed at moderate pressures (similar to 6 kbar), although a number show evidence of fractionation at near-surface levels, and some deeper (similar to 10 kbar). Resorption features seen in plagioclase phenocrysts are evidence for magmatic evolution at varying levels in the crust. It is possible to relate the varied hypabyssal rocks to a single primary parent through polybaric fractionation. This parent is a high-Al "primitive olivine tholeiite"-a magma composition common among the volcanic rocks associated with the Midcontinent Rift. Trace-element modeling with this same parent composition yields results consistent with the formation of some hypabyssal rocks as products of a periodically tapped and replenished, constantly fractionating magma chamber, which can decouple the behavior of major and trace elements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge Res Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jerde, EA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge Res Inst, Mail Stop 6128, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 40 IS 11 BP 963 EP 980 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA 145RH UT WOS:000077384800002 ER PT J AU Hranisavljevic, J Carroll, JJ Su, MC Michael, JV AF Hranisavljevic, J Carroll, JJ Su, MC Michael, JV TI Thermal decomposition of CF3Br using Br-atom absorption SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID COLLISION RATE CONSTANTS; UNIMOLECULAR RATE THEORY; SHOCK TUBE TECHNIQUE; FALL-OFF RANGE; LOW-PRESSURES; PHOTOLYSIS; TEMPERATURE; FLASH; DISSOCIATION; PYROLYSIS AB Br-atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometry (ARAS) has been developed and applied to measure thermal decomposition rate constants for CF3Br (+ Kr) --> CF3 + Br (+ Kr) over the temperature range, 1222-1624 K. The Br-atom curve-of-growth (145 < lambda < 163 nm) was determined using this reaction. For [Br] less than or equal to 1 x 10(12) molecules cm(-3), absorbance, (ABS) = 1.410 x 10(-13) [Br], yielding sigma = 1.419 x 10(-14) cm(2). The curve-of-growth was then used to convert (ABS) to Br-atom profiles which were then analyzed to give measured rate constants. These can be expressed in second-order by k(1) = 8.147 x 10(-9) exp(- 24488 K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (+/-33%, 1222 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 1624 K). A unimolecular theoretical approach was used to rationalize the data. Theory indicates that the dissociation rates are closer to second- than to first-order, i.e., the magnitudes are 30-53% of the low-pressure-limit rate constants over 1222-1624 K and 123-757 torr. With the known, E-0 = Delta H-0(0) = 70.1 kcal mole(-1), the optimized theoretical fit to the ARAS data requires [Delta E](down) = 550 cm(-1). These conclusions are consistent with recently published data and theory from Kiefer and Sathyanarayana. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Siena Coll, Dept Chem, Loudonville, NY 12211 USA. Butler Univ, Dept Chem, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 30 IS 11 BP 859 EP 867 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1998)30:11<859::AID-KIN8>3.0.CO;2-U PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 132AY UT WOS:000076608700008 ER PT J AU Breshears, DD Nyhan, JW Heil, CE Wilcox, BP AF Breshears, DD Nyhan, JW Heil, CE Wilcox, BP TI Effects of woody plants on microclimate in a semiarid woodland: Soil temperature and evaporation in canopy and intercanopy patches SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PINUS-EDULIS; NEW-MEXICO; GRASSES; JUNIPER; SHRUBS; HETEROGENEITY; GERMINATION; GRASSLAND; MOISTURE; DYNAMICS AB The canopies of woody plants in semiarid ecosystems modify the microclimate beneath and around them, with canopy patches usually having lower soil temperatures than intercanopy patches. However, lacking are studies that have evaluated how heterogeneity in soil temperature, induced by woody plant canopies, influences soil evaporation rates and the consequent effects on plant-available water. Soil temperatures were measured and soil evaporation rates were estimated for canopy and intercanopy patches in a semiarid pinon-juniper woodland (Pinus edulis and Juniperus monosperma) in northern New Mexico. Soil temperature was measured at 2-cm depths in four canopy and four intercanopy locations during 1994. Maximum soil temperature in intercanopy patches was greater than in canopy patches between May and September, by as much as 10 degrees C, while soil temperatures in intercanopy patches were lower than in canopy patches during colder parts of the day in the fall and winter months. Equations for soil drying rates for sandy loam soil samples were determined in laboratory experiments over a range of temperatures and soil water contents. Drying rates were disproportionately greater at high soil moisture and high soil temperature. Intercanopy patches were predicted to dry more than canopy patches for days in April through September by as much as 2% volumetric soil water content per day. The difference between patches was amplified at lower soil water contents when expressed as soil water potential, which more directly determines plant-available water. Our results quantify the effects of woody plants on the microclimate with respect to soil temperature and evaporation, which in turn affect herbaceous and woody plants by modifying factors such as germination, the potential for facilitation, and the amount of plant-available water. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Interamer Inst Global Change Res, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. RP Breshears, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Mail Stop J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daveb@lanl.gov RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 43 TC 171 Z9 175 U1 2 U2 56 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 159 IS 6 BP 1010 EP 1017 DI 10.1086/314083 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 148FU UT WOS:000077495000013 ER PT J AU Tandon, R Simmons, JW Covino, BS Russel, JH AF Tandon, R Simmons, JW Covino, BS Russel, JH TI Mechanical and corrosion properties of nitrogen-alloyed stainless steels consolidated by MIM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article AB High-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels have been produced recently through ingot and powder metallurgy routes with yield and tensile strengths 2 to 3.5 times those of the AISI 300 series stainless steels while maintaining over 50% ductility. in this study two stainless steel powder alloys, JP51 (Fe-19Cr-5Mn-5Ni-3Mo-0.014C) and 316L MIM (Fe-16Cr-10Ni-1.3Mn-2Mo-0.8Si-<0.01C), were investigated to determine the effects of nitrogen on mechanical and corrosion properties. JP51 was infused with 052w/o nitrogen using mechanical fluidized ed vacuum technology and 316L was infused in situ by sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere, Standard tensile-test Specimens were molded and debound catalytically using metal injection molding technology The sintering response was optimized as a function of atmosphere and temperature. Mechanical and corrosion properties of the sintered materials were compared to a wrought high-nitrogen alloy SSI (Fe-19Cr-5Mn-5Ni-3Mo-O.02C-0.69N) and conventional 316L the results demonstrate a significant improvement in the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of powder processed austenitic stainless steels allayed with nitrogen utilizing mechanical fluidized vacuum technology and sintering. C1 Phillips Powder Metal Molding, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. BI Thortex Inc, Clackamas, OR 97015 USA. US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Tandon, R (reprint author), Phillips Powder Metal Molding, 428 Technol Dr E, Menomonie, WI 54751 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER POWDER METALLURGY INST PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0888-7462 J9 INT J POWDER METALL JI Int. J. Powder Metall. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 34 IS 8 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 148DD UT WOS:000077488400010 ER PT J AU Moiseenko, VV Hamm, RN Waker, AJ Prestwich, WV AF Moiseenko, VV Hamm, RN Waker, AJ Prestwich, WV TI Modelling DNA damage induced by different energy photons and tritium beta-particles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; SMALL CYLINDRICAL TARGETS; SINGLE-STRAND; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SCAVENGER CONCENTRATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; LIQUID WATER AB Purpose: To model the production of single- and double-strand breaks (ssb and dsb) in DNA by ionizing radiations. To compare the predicted effectiveness of different energy photon radiations and tritium beta-particles. Materials and methods: Modelling is carried out by Monte Carlo and includes consideration of direct energy depositions in DNA molecules, the production of species, their diffusion and interactions with each other and DNA. Computer-generated electron tracks in liquid water are used to model energy deposition and to derive the initial positions of chemical species. Atomistic representation of the DNA in B form with a first hydration shell is used. Photon radiations in the energy range 70keV-1MeV and tritium beta-particles are considered. Results: A tentative increase for dsb yield has been predicted for 70keV photons and tritium compared with (137)Cs. This increase is more pronounced for complex dsb. Double-strand breaks are much more prone compared with ssb to combine with additional strand breaks and base damage, which contributes to break complexity. At least half of DNA breaks are hydroxyl radical mediated. Conclusions: The developed model makes predictions compatible with features of available experimental data. Break complexity has to be addressed in biophysical modelling when the relative effectiveness of radiations in DNA damage is studied. Obtained data strongly argue against the dominance of direct radiation action in DNA damage in the cellular environment predicted by some theoretical studies. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. AECL, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Moiseenko, VV (reprint author), London Reg Canc Ctr, Dept Phys, 790 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. EM vmoiseen@phy.lrcc.on.ca NR 116 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 74 IS 5 BP 533 EP 550 DI 10.1080/095530098141113 PG 18 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 140JC UT WOS:000077083300001 PM 9848272 ER PT J AU Hwang, YK Kang, SC Lee, S Park, SM Cho, KR Kim, HS Lee, CW AF Hwang, YK Kang, SC Lee, S Park, SM Cho, KR Kim, HS Lee, CW TI Human interface, automatic planning, and control of a humanoid robot SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KINEMATICALLY REDUNDANT MANIPULATORS; COMPLIANT MOTION CONTROL; TASK; OBJECTS; SPACE AB This paper presents an integrated robotic system consisting of human interfaces, motion- and grasp-planning algorithms, a controller a graphical simulator and a humanoid robot with over 60 joints. All of these subsystems are integrated in a coordinated fashion to enable the robot to perform a commanded task with as much autonomy as possible. The highest level of our system is the human interfaces, which enable a user to specify tasks conveniently and efficiently. At the mid-level, several planning algorithms generate motions of the robot body, arms, and hands automatically. Ar the lowest level, the motor controllers are equipped with both a position controller and a compliant motion controller to execute gross motions and contact motions, respectively. The main contributions of our work are the large-scale integration and the development of the motion planners for a humanoid robot. A hierarchical integration scheme that preserves the modularities of the human interfaces, the motion planners, and the controller has been the key for the successful integration. The set of motion planners is developed systematically so as to coordinate the motions of the body, arms, and hands to perform a large variety of tasks. C1 Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Jeonju Tech Coll, Jeonju, South Korea. RP Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0278-3649 EI 1741-3176 J9 INT J ROBOT RES JI Int. J. Robot. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1131 EP 1149 DI 10.1177/027836499801701101 PG 19 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 132VE UT WOS:000076650500001 ER PT J AU Taljat, B Zacharia, T Kosel, F AF Taljat, B Zacharia, T Kosel, F TI New analytical procedure to determine stress-strain curve from spherical indentation data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID HARDNESS AB Spherical-indentation process was analyzed by finite element (FE) method. A systematic analysis of relationship between indentation parameters and true stress/plastic-strain (sigma(t)-epsilon(p)) curve was performed for a range of material properties. An existing method relates the ratio or residual contact diameter, d, and indenter diameter, D, to epsilon(p) by the well-known Tabor's empirical equation epsilon(p) = 0.2d/D. The method is based on parameters of residual indentation, where a loading-unloading cycle needs to be made in order to calculate a point on sigma(t)-epsilon(p) curve. A new analytical approach is presented which relates the indentation data continuously measured during loading to sigma(t)-epsilon(p) curve. epsilon(p) calculated by the new method is in the range from yield strain to a strain between 0.3 and 1.6, depending on material's strain hardening properties. In addition, different measures of indentation diameter are discussed and their influence on the resulting sigma(t)-epsilon(p) curve analyzed. Experimental work was performed by an instrumented spherical-indentation technique in order to verify the FE analysis results. A good agreement between the FE and experimental results was obtained. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Mech Engn, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RP Taljat, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 16 TC 153 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 35 IS 33 BP 4411 EP 4426 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(97)00249-7 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 108RE UT WOS:000075278600005 ER PT J AU Muto, S Kobayashi, Y Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Echer, CJ McCormick, S Abelson, JR AF Muto, S Kobayashi, Y Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Echer, CJ McCormick, S Abelson, JR TI The influence of X-ray irradiation on structural relaxation and crystallization of amorphous silicon films SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE amorphous silicon; X-ray irradiation; extended energy-loss fine structure; thermal crystallization; transmission electron microscopy; short range structure AB The effect of intense X-ray irradiation on the short range structure and the thermal crystallization process in sputter deposited amorphous silicon films has been examined by extended energy-loss fine structure spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The coordination number and the mean square disorder of the first neighbor shell in the amorphous state were increased following X-ray irradiation. The crystallization by post-annealing was delayed, the crystallized particles were dispersed homogeneously throughout the film, and the size of the individual particles was larger than in samples without X-ray irradiation. The above facts suggest that the number of unsaturated bonds is reduced by the X-ray irradiation, which can suppress the atomic diffusion and rearrangement, necessary for the crystallization. C1 Nagoya Univ, Ctr Integrated Res Sci & Engn, Div Energy Sci, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Fac Nucl Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Nagoya Univ, Ctr Integrated Res Sci & Engn, Div Energy Sci, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Muto, Shunsuke/G-5741-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Muto, Shunsuke/0000-0001-6275-0649 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 37 IS 11 BP 5890 EP 5893 DI 10.1143/JJAP.37.5890 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 150DN UT WOS:000077648000010 ER PT J AU Minard, KR Wind, RA Phelps, RL AF Minard, KR Wind, RA Phelps, RL TI A compact respiratory-triggering device for routine microimaging of laboratory mice SO JMRI-JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING LA English DT Article DE MRI; motion artifacts; respiratory triggering; mice ID PULMONARY MECHANICS; SPIN-ECHO; LIVER; MOTION; OPTIMIZATION; ARTIFACTS; CONTRAST; LESIONS; TISSUE; IMAGES AB A partial-body plethysmograph was developed for measuring the respiratory now of anesthetized mice during routine microimaging experiments performed in the close confines of an 89-mm-diameter, vertical-bore magnet. Respiratory now patterns were used for synchronizing conventional T2-weighted spin-echo imaging with the respiratory cycle, thereby, significantly reducing motion-induced artifacts and increasing observed liver lesion contrast. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Minard, KR (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1053-1807 J9 JMRI-J MAGN RESON IM JI JMRI-J. Magn. Reson. Imaging PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1343 EP 1348 DI 10.1002/jmri.1880080626 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 193NY UT WOS:000080144000026 PM 9848750 ER PT J AU Hansen, DA Gerdemann, SJ AF Hansen, DA Gerdemann, SJ TI Producing titanium powder by continuous vapor phase reduction SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NITRIDE AB One of the goals of the U.S. Depautment of Energy's Albany Research Center is to reduce the cost of titanium parts by developing a continuous titanium process. In this work, titanium powder was produced by feeding liquid TiCl4, with argon as a carrier gas, and magnesium wire into a shaft reactor at 1,000 degrees C. The magnesium and TiCl4 vaporized and reacted to produce a mixture of titanium, MgCl2, and magnesium powder. Ti/Mgm/MgCl2, powder was removed from the argon gas stream by an electrostatic precipitator, and the titanium powder was separated from the magnesium and MgCl2 by either vacuum distillation or leaching. Vacuum distillation produced sintered titanium powder with lower oxygen levels, but unacceptably high levels of magnesium and chlorine. Leached powder was spherical and free-flowing with low levels of magnesium and chlorine, but the oxygen content was no lower than 0.82%. The high oxygen content of the leached powder is mused by surface oxidation of the submicrometer titanium powder. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Oremet Wah Chang, Albany, OR USA. RP Gerdemann, SJ (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 50 IS 11 SU S BP 56 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s11837-998-0289-3 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 137RF UT WOS:000076929300012 ER PT J AU Knize, MG Sinha, R Brown, ED Salmon, CP Levander, OA Felton, JS Rothman, N AF Knize, MG Sinha, R Brown, ED Salmon, CP Levander, OA Felton, JS Rothman, N TI Heterocyclic amine content in restaurant-cooked hamburgers, steaks, ribs, and chicken SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE heterocyclic amines; PhIP; MeIQx; DiMeIQx; cooking mutagens ID AROMATIC-AMINES; MEAT-PRODUCTS; PAN RESIDUES; FOOD-PRODUCTS; FISH; MUTAGENICITY; CARCINOGENS AB As part of a comprehensive survey of the heterocyclic amine content of foods, beef hamburgers, steaks, and pork ribs were purchased from restaurants, with cooking doneness specified. Samples were pooled by meat type, doneness, and cooking method and analyzed for heterocyclic amine content using HPLC. Results show detectable levels of heterocyclic amines in all samples, ranging from 0.5 ng/g PhIP from a pooled sample of ribs to 20 ng/g total of MeIQx and PhIP from a sample pooled of well-done charbroiled hamburgers. Grilled chicken samples from fast-food restaurant sandwiches or rotisserie-cooked chicken contained MeIQx and PhIP at combined levels of <2 ng/g. Compared to fast-food meat products from this and previous studies, restaurant products are similar to 10-fold higher in heterocyclic amine content. The amounts of heterocyclic amines measured in these restaurant foods show that samples prepared for laboratory studies are representative of commonly consumed restaurant samples. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NCI, Environm Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. USDA ARS, BHNRC, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Knize, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 NR 19 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 4648 EP 4651 DI 10.1021/jf980639a PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 140CH UT WOS:000077068800034 ER PT J AU Carter, PH Pines, DJ Rudd, LV AF Carter, PH Pines, DJ Rudd, LV TI Approximate performance of periodic hypersonic cruise trajectories for global reach SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID VEHICLE AB This paper develops the analytical framework to compare the approximate performance of periodic hypersonic cruise trajectories with previously proposed hypersonic trajectory profiles for global reach. Specifically, range, Delta V, and payload-carrying capacity are evaluated for various trajectory types to illustrate the enhanced performance achieved by flying periodic hypersonic cruise trajectories with existing hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic, propulsion, and structures technology. Analytical results reveal that periodic hypersonic cruise trajectories achieve better fuel-consumption savings and deliver more payload over long distances (approximate to 20,000 km) than other trajectory types proposed for high-speed night. Over 20% improvement in fuel consumption savings is possible for a Mach 10 vehicle with a modest L/D of 4, and a curve-fitted rocket-based combined cycle engine model. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mech Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Carter, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mech Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 35 IS 6 BP 857 EP 867 DI 10.2514/2.2405 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 148PX UT WOS:000077542000004 ER PT J AU Houk, LL Johnson, SK Feng, J Houk, RS Johnson, DC AF Houk, LL Johnson, SK Feng, J Houk, RS Johnson, DC TI Electrochemical incineration of benzoquinone in aqueous media using a quaternary metal oxide electrode in the absence of a soluble supporting electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; OXYGEN-TRANSFER REACTIONS; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PHENOL OXIDATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANODIC-OXIDATION; HUMIC ACIDS; SNO2 ANODES AB Electrochemical incineration of p-benzoquinone was evaluated as a model for the mineralization of carbon in toxic aromatic compounds. A Ti or Pt anode was coated with a him of the oxides of Ti, Ru, Sn and Sb. This quaternary metal oxide film was stable; elemental analysis of the electrolysed solution indicated the concentration of these metal ions to be 3 mu g L-1 or less. The anode showed good reactivity for the electrochemical incineration of benzoquinone. The use of a dissolved salt matrix as the so-called 'supporting electrolyte' was eliminated in favor of a solid-state electrolyte sandwiched between the anode and cathode. This substitution permitted the electrolysis solution to be analysed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS); however, as a consequence, electrolysis periods were excessively long. Total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased to 1-2 mg L-1 after 64 h of electrolysis. The solution pH changed from 5 to 4. Phenolic and carboxylic acid intermediate products such as hydroquinone, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, acetic acid and formic acids were identified and quantified using solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GCMS) or liquid chromatography (LC) with conductivity detection, absorbance detection, or electrosprary mass spectrometry (ESMS). Less than 1% of the carbon in benzoquinone was converted to acetone and acetaldehyde. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, US Dept Energy,Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, LL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, US Dept Energy,Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 46 TC 69 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1167 EP 1177 DI 10.1023/A:1003439727317 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 167KV UT WOS:000078632600002 ER PT J AU Balzar, D Von Dreele, RB Bennett, K Ledbetter, H AF Balzar, D Von Dreele, RB Bennett, K Ledbetter, H TI Elastic-strain tensor by Rietveld refinement of diffraction measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; SPECTRA AB A procedure to obtain all components of the elastic-strain tensor by simultaneous Rietveld refinement of diffraction patterns collected at different specimen orientations is described. The refined lattice parameters yield the hydrostatic strain component. If the lattice constants of the unstrained reference specimen are not known, the deviatoric strain tensor can still be determined. An anisotropic strain component may be refined for cubic and hexagonal crystal structures along with the isotropic. The method is applied to Al/SiC (short whisker) composites and systematic errors are assessed. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)00320-X]. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balzar, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 9 BP 4822 EP 4833 DI 10.1063/1.368724 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 128VF UT WOS:000076428500026 ER PT J AU Ravindran, P Fast, L Korzhavyi, PA Johansson, B Wills, J Eriksson, O AF Ravindran, P Fast, L Korzhavyi, PA Johansson, B Wills, J Eriksson, O TI Density functional theory for calculation of elastic properties of orthorhombic crystals: Application to TiSi2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CUBIC TRANSITION-METALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MELTING-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-STABILITY; CONSTANTS; ALLOYS; SOLIDS; ZRAL3; BAND AB A theoretical formalism to calculate the single crystal elastic constants for orthorhombic crystals from first principle calculations is described. This is applied for TiSi2 and we calculate the elastic constants using a full potential linear muffin-tin orbital method using the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The calculated values compare favorably with recent experimental results. An expression to calculate the bulk modulus along crystallographic axes of single crystals, using elastic constants, has been derived. From this the calculated linear bulk moduli are found to be in good agreement with the experiments. The shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio for ideal polycrystalline TiSi2 are also calculated and compared with corresponding experimental values. The directional bulk modulus and the Young's modulus for single crystal TiSi2 are estimated from the elastic constants obtained from LDA as well as GGA calculations and are compared with the experimental results. The shear anisotropic factors and anisotropy in the linear bulk modulus are obtained from the single crystal elastic constants. From the site and angular momentum decomposed density of states combined with a charge density analysis and the elastic anisotropies, the chemical bonding nature between the constituents in TiSi2 is analyzed. The Debye temperature is calculated from the average elastic wave velocity obtained from shear and bulk modulus as well as the integration of elastic wave velocities in different directions of the single crystal. The calculated elastic properties are found to be in good agreement with experimental values when the generalized gradient approximation is used for the exchange and correlation potential. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)03821-3]. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ravindran, P (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014; Korzhavyi, Pavel/B-1944-2017 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374; Korzhavyi, Pavel/0000-0002-9920-5393 NR 63 TC 646 Z9 666 U1 8 U2 92 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 9 BP 4891 EP 4904 DI 10.1063/1.368733 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 128VF UT WOS:000076428500036 ER PT J AU Ayache, J Thorel, A Lesuer, J Dahmen, U AF Ayache, J Thorel, A Lesuer, J Dahmen, U TI Characterization of three-dimensional grain boundary topography in a YBa2Cu3O7-d thin film bicrystal grown on a SrTiO3 substrate SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MICROSCOPY; MECHANISM; SYMMETRY; FLUX AB The topography and crystallography of YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO) bicrystal films grown epitaxially on oriented SrTiO3 (STO) bicrystals have been characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The YBCO films were formed by laser ablation on melt-grown Sigma 13 STO bicrystals with a misorientation of 24 degrees around the [001] tilt axis. In agreement with previous reports, TEM analysis revealed that the grain boundary in the film did not always follow the planar substrate grain boundary faithfully, but undulated about the average boundary plane. High resolution electron microscopy observations of the apparently complex undulating boundary structures could be explained as a result of an overlap between different orientation variants of the orthorhombic YBCO film. Cross correlation between SEM, AFM, and TEM imaging gave a clear evidence that an island growth mechanism is responsible for the observed grain boundary structure and morphology for which a schematic model is presented. It is seen that meandering of the YBCO grain boundary (GB) is necessarily coupled to a wide range of inclination of the GB plane in the z direction. The implications of this interfacial structure for the behavior of GB based Josephson junctions are discussed and compared to models proposed in the literature. It is also seen that inclination of the GB may be responsible for the poor correlation usually found in the literature between calculations and experimental curves of current density J(c) versus the GB angle since the most elaborate models proposed up to now take into account only pure tilt GB plane facets, that is to say facets in the zone of the tilt axis. Moreover, such a GB structure may affect the interpretation of recent phase sensitive experiments done on bicrystal or tricrystal high T-c superconductors to determine the symmetry of the order parameter. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)01921-5]. C1 Univ Paris 11, CNRS, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ecole Mines, Ctr Mat, F-91003 Evry, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ayache, J (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM ayache@csnsm.in2p3.fr NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 9 BP 4921 EP 4928 DI 10.1063/1.368736 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 128VF UT WOS:000076428500039 ER PT J AU Morton, R Lau, SS Poker, DB Chu, PK Fung, KK Wang, N AF Morton, R Lau, SS Poker, DB Chu, PK Fung, KK Wang, N TI Carbon and group II acceptor coimplantation in GaAs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; AS+ DUAL IMPLANTS; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; DOPED GAAS; DIFFUSION; ACTIVATION; DAMAGE; ZN; DEFECTS; MODEL AB Coimplantations of carbon and one of the group II accepters, Mg, Zn, or Cd, were performed and compared to implantations involving only a single element (Mg, Zn, or Cd) or Ga and C coimplanted into GaAs substrates. The group II and C (II/C) coimplantations act to balance the crystal stoichiometry since group II atoms prefer to reside in the Ga sublattice and C prefers to reside in the As sublattice. The electrical characteristics of the various implantations were obtained from sheet and differential Hall measurements. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was employed to determine the amount of implantation-induced damage which was then correlated to the amount of C activation in the group II/C coimplanted samples. It was found that coimplantation of the heavier group II acceptors, Zn and Cd, resulted in layers with larger peak hole concentrations. This is a result of the large amount of lattice damage created by these elements which is thought to provide the necessary abundance of As vacancies for C activation. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements of the samples after implant activation indicate that C coimplantation significantly reduces the diffusivity of the group II accepters. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy indicated a unique defect structure (extrinsic dislocation loops) for the cases of group II/C coimplantation. These dislocation loops are located at the diffusion front of the group II element in the samples and therefore have a rather profound influence on the diffusion of the group II elements. A rationalization of the defect structure and the effect it has on the diffusion of group II elements is given. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)07220-X]. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Elect Comp Engn Dept, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. RP Morton, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Elect Comp Engn Dept, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Wang, Ning/B-5436-2011; Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 9 BP 4929 EP 4934 DI 10.1063/1.368737 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 128VF UT WOS:000076428500040 ER PT J AU Gfroerer, TH Cornell, EA Wanlass, MW AF Gfroerer, TH Cornell, EA Wanlass, MW TI Efficient directional spontaneous emission from an InGaAs/InP heterostructure with an integral parabolic reflector SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; AUGER RECOMBINATION AB In order to increase the radiative efficiency and directivity of spontaneous emission from a lattice-matched InGaAs/InP heterostructure, we have polished the substrate into a parabolic reflector. We combine optical and thermal measurements to obtain the absolute external efficiency over a wide range of carrier densities. Using a simple model, the measurement is used to determine interface, radiative, and Auger recombination rates in the active material. At the optimal density, the quantum efficiency exceeds 60% at room temperature. The divergence of the emitted light is less than 20 degrees. In fact, the beam profile is dominated by a 6 degrees wide lobe that can be swept across the field of emission by changing the excitation position. This suggests a way to create an all-electronic scanned light beam. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)06721-8]. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gfroerer, TH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 9 BP 5360 EP 5362 DI 10.1063/1.368790 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 128VF UT WOS:000076428500108 ER PT J AU Payne, JW Bolton, H Campbell, JA Xun, LY AF Payne, JW Bolton, H Campbell, JA Xun, LY TI Purification and characterization of EDTA monooxygenase from the EDTA-degrading bacterium BNC1 (vol 180, pg 3823, 1998) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mikrobiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Adv Organ Anal Methods Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Payne, JW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 180 IS 21 BP 5808 EP 5808 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 134TG UT WOS:000076758900046 ER PT J AU Sorkhabi, O Jackson, WM Daizadeh, I AF Sorkhabi, O Jackson, WM Daizadeh, I TI Cometary spectroscopy for advanced undergraduates SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; 193 NM; CS2 C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Sorkhabi, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS-6-2100,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1472 EP 1476 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 129XH UT WOS:000076489000039 ER PT J AU Sun, X Wang, HB Miller, WH AF Sun, X Wang, HB Miller, WH TI Semiclassical theory of electronically nonadiabatic dynamics: Results of a linearized approximation to the initial value representation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; QUANTUM DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; DISSIPATIVE SYSTEMS; PROTON-TRANSFER; TIME; PROPAGATION; MODEL; TRANSITIONS; FORMALISM AB A linearized approximation to the semiclassical initial value representation (SC-IVR), referred to herein as the LSC-IVR, was used by us in a recent paper [J. Chem. Phys. 108, 9726 (1998)] to calculate reactive flux correlation functions for a model of a chemical reaction on a single potential energy surface. This paper shows how the LSC-IVR-which is much easier to apply than the full SC-IVR because it linearizes the phase difference between interfering classical trajectories-can be applied to electronically nonadiabatic processes, i.e., those involving transitions between different potential-energy surfaces. Applications to several model problems are presented to show its usefulness: These are the nonadiabatic scattering problems used by Tully to test surface-hopping models, and also the spin-boson model of coupled electronic states in a condensed phase environment. Though not as accurate as the full SC-IVR, the LSC-TVR does a reasonably good job for all these applications, even describing correctly Stuckelberg oscillations (interference between nonadiabatic transitions) and the transition between coherent and incoherent behavior in the spin-boson example. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)02041-8]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wang, Haobin/E-1208-2011; Sun, Sean/C-6755-2009 OI Sun, Sean/0000-0002-9077-7088 NR 66 TC 238 Z9 240 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 17 BP 7064 EP 7074 DI 10.1063/1.477389 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 132KY UT WOS:000076630100003 ER PT J AU Nagesha, K Pinnaduwage, LA AF Nagesha, K Pinnaduwage, LA TI O- formation from O-2 via Rydberg-Rydberg electron transfer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; ATTACHMENT; IONS AB We report the first clear evidence of dissociative electron attachment involving electron capture by a Rydberg molecule from another Rydberg molecule. We observed the formation of O- from excimer-laser-irradiated O-2 in the presence of toluene (or benzene). Results indicate that O- is formed via electron capture by Rydberg states of O-2 molecules from high Rydberg states of the hydrocarbon molecules. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)00741-7]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Pinnaduwage, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM llp@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 17 BP 7124 EP 7127 DI 10.1063/1.477405 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 132KY UT WOS:000076630100010 ER PT J AU Chen, RQ Guo, H Liu, L Muckerman, JT AF Chen, RQ Guo, H Liu, L Muckerman, JT TI Symmetry-adapted filter diagonalization: Calculation of the vibrational spectrum of planar acetylene from correlation functions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RECURSION POLYNOMIAL EXPANSION; SELECTIVE INFRARED EXCITATION; ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; ACCURATE CALCULATION; REACTIVE SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GREENS-FUNCTION; ENERGY-LEVELS; TIME SIGNALS AB A symmetry-adapted filter-diagonalization method is used to calculate the vibrational spectrum of planar acetylene. In this method, vibrational eigenvalues in a given symmetry are obtained by solving a generalized eigenproblem in which the Hamiltonian and overlap matrices are assembled from symmetry-adapted correlation functions. Since no filtered state is explicitly needed, the calculation requires a relatively small memory. The numerical efficiency is further improved as the correlation functions belonging to various symmetry species are generated from a single wave packet. Comparison with existing data for the acetylene system confirms its accuracy and efficiency. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)00341-9]. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Guo, Hua/J-2685-2014 OI Guo, Hua/0000-0001-9901-053X NR 58 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 17 BP 7128 EP 7136 DI 10.1063/1.477396 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 132KY UT WOS:000076630100011 ER PT J AU Bracker, AS North, SW Suits, AG Lee, YT AF Bracker, AS North, SW Suits, AG Lee, YT TI The near ultraviolet dissociation dynamics of azomethane: Correlated V-T energy disposal and product appearance times SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-CROSS-SECTIONS; TRANS-AZOMETHANE; ALPHA-CLEAVAGE; 193 NM; PHOTODISSOCIATION; STEPWISE; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have measured the translational energy release for methyl radical photofragments with zero and one quantum of umbrella vibration, which were produced by the ultraviolet dissociation of azomethane, Translational energy distributions exhibit bimodal structure and are similar for both methyl radical vibrational states and for two dissociation wavelengths (355 and 330 nm). Compared to earlier non-state-selective measurements, these distributions exhibit a stronger preference for high kinetic energies. We have also observed that the appearance times for both methyl radical vibrational states are fast compared to the experimental time resolution, thus resolving an outstanding mechanistic disagreement. These observations are consistent with a previously proposed mechanism in which a concerted three-body dissociation follows randomization of parent internal energy, (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)01941-2]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. RP Bracker, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lee, Yuan-Tseh/F-7914-2012; North, Simon/G-5054-2012 OI North, Simon/0000-0002-0795-796X NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 17 BP 7238 EP 7245 DI 10.1063/1.477402 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 132KY UT WOS:000076630100022 ER PT J AU Fried, LE Howard, WM AF Fried, LE Howard, WM TI An accurate equation of state for the exponential-6 fluid applied to dense supercritical nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HMSA INTEGRAL-EQUATION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; REPULSIVE FORCES; HIGH-PRESSURE; ANALYTICAL REPRESENTATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; PAIR POTENTIALS AB The exponential-6 potential model is widely used in fluid equation of state studies. We have developed an accurate and efficient complete equation of state for the exponential-6 fluid based on HMSA integral equation theory and Monte Carlo calculations. Our equation of state has average fractional error of 0.2% in p V/Nk(B)T and 0.3% in the excess energy U-ex/Nk(B)T. This is a substantial improvement in accuracy over perturbation methods, which are typically used in treatments of dense fluid equations of state. We have applied our equation of state to the problem of dense supercritical N-2. We and that we are able to accurately reproduce a wide range of material properties with our model, over a range 0.01 less than or equal to P less than or equal to 100 GPa and 298 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 15000 K. [S0021-9606(98)50841-0]. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 73 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 17 BP 7338 EP 7348 DI 10.1063/1.476520 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 132KY UT WOS:000076630100031 ER PT J AU Zhong, S Doran, JC AF Zhong, S Doran, JC TI An evaluation of the importance of surface flux variability on GCM-scale boundary-layer characteristics using realistic meteorological and surface forcing SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INDUCED ATMOSPHERIC FLOW; GREAT-PLAINS CLOUD; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; LAND-SURFACE; MODELS; VEGETATION; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTION; RADIATION; WEATHER AB Modifications to the properties of the boundary layer arising from surface flux variations over an area of 10(5) km(2) are simulated with a mesoscale model using realistic meteorology and distributions of surface fluxes. The surface fluxes are calculated with the SiB2 land parameterization scheme, which is driven by vegetation, soil, and meteorological data from the U.S. Department of Energy's Cloud and Radiation Testbed in Oklahoma and Kansas. Simulations were carried out for 15 case study days in July of 1995, during which synoptic conditions were relatively settled and significant flux contrasts existed over the site. Despite the prevalence of conditions apparently favorable Co the development of thermally induced secondary circulations, the domain-averaged profiles of potential temperature and mixing ratios and the mean mixed-layer heights showed little differences when the spatially varying fluxes were replaced with uniform fluxes equal to the averages of the varying ones. The effects on simulated cloud fractions were also small except on one day. Sensitivity tests were made with a checkerboard distribution of contrasting surface fluxes and very light ambient wind speeds. These tests show that the use of such idealized conditions in numerical experiments can lead to serious overestimates of the likely strength of secondary circulations, the magnitudes of vertical velocities generated by convergence rind divergence, and the importance of mesoscale fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Earth Syst Sci Dept, Atmospher Sci Tech Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doran, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Earth Syst Sci Dept, Atmospher Sci Tech Grp, Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 11 IS 11 BP 2774 EP 2788 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2774:AEOTIO>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141YF UT WOS:000077171400004 ER PT J AU Reich, T Moll, H Arnold, T Denecke, MA Hennig, C Geipel, G Bernhard, G Nitsche, H Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK AF Reich, T Moll, H Arnold, T Denecke, MA Hennig, C Geipel, G Bernhard, G Nitsche, H Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK TI An EXAFS study of uranium(VI) sorption onto silica gel and ferrihydrite SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd German/Russian Symposium on Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy CY NOV 02-05, 1997 CL MAX PLANCK SOC, HARNACK HAUS, BERLIN, GERMANY HO MAX PLANCK SOC, HARNACK HAUS DE uranium; sorption; silica gel; ferrihydrite; EXAFS ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; URANYL IONS AB Structural parameters of the near-neighbor surrounding of uranium(VI) sorbed onto silica gel and ferrihydrite surfaces have been determined by U L-III-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. The sorption on silica gel was studied at pH 4 with uranium(VI) concentrations in the range of 5 x 10(-2)-2 x 10(-5) mol/l. Sorption experiments with ferrihydrite have been performed at pH 5.8 with uranium(VI) concentrations of 10(-4) and 10-5 mol/l and at pH 7.8 with 10(-5) mol/l uranium(VI). The structural parameters for the uranium coordination shells (U-O-ax, U-O-eq, and U-Si/Fe) indicate formation of inner-sphere, mononuclear uranyl complexes at the silica gel and ferrihydrite surfaces. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reich, T (reprint author), Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, Postfach 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RI The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, ROBL/A-2586-2011; Reich, Tobias/C-7064-2016 OI Reich, Tobias/0000-0002-5600-3951 NR 22 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 96 IS 1-3 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(98)00242-4 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 153NX UT WOS:000077840100029 ER PT J AU Erickson, KL Hopkins, PL Vianco, PT AF Erickson, KL Hopkins, PL Vianco, PT TI Modeling the solid-state reaction between Sn-Pb solder and a porous substrate coating SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues in Microelectronics - Interfacial Reactions, Solid State Transformations and Thermal Management at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 15-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Minerals Metals & Mat Soc EMPMD Electr Packaging & Interconnect Mat Comm DE diffusion-reaction modeling; intermetallic compound; intermetallic growth; porous substrate; solder; solid-state reaction ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND GROWTH; TIN-RICH SOLDERS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; COPPER AB Solder joints in hybrid microelectronic circuit electronics are formed between the solder alloy and the noble metal thick film conductor that has been printed and fired onto the ceramic. Although the noble metal conductors provide excellent solderability at the time of manufacture, they are susceptible to solid-state reactions with Sn or other constituents of the solder. The reaction products consist of one or more intermetallic compounds (IMC). The integrity of these solder joints can be jeopardized by formation of IMC layers, which can have thermal and mechanical properties that are substantially different from the solder and substrate and which can consume the conductor layer by solid-state reaction. Analytical models predicting IMC growth for a variety of conditions are needed to improve predictions of long-term joint reliability and manufacturing processes. Unfortunately, because of the inherent porosity of thick film conductors, IMC growth in conductors cannot be well predicted by simply applying growth kinetics to a quasi-one-dimensional layer geometry. Rather, IMC growth involves a complicated geometry in which the interfaces between solid-state phases grow, intersect, and coalesce. In such geometries, explicit boundary tracking, which is normally done in one-dimensional models, is impractical. In heat transfer analyses, an implicit approach, referred to as the enthalpy method, has been used to address multidimensional problems in which interface displacement is controlled by an energy flux. However, an analogous general approach has not been available for mass transfer and reaction analyses. This paper discusses initial 2-D results from a coupled experimental and computational effort to develop a mathematical model and computer code that will ultimately predict 3-D intermetallic growth in porous substrate-solder systems. The numerical model is based on an implicit interface tracking approach developed for diffusion-reaction analyses in complicated geometries. To illustrate the implicit approach with a "real" system, the 2-D calculations were based on the reaction couple formed between 63Sn-37Pb solder and 76Au-21Pt-3Pd substrates. Physical constants in the model were evaluated from experimental data. Consumption of the thick film was predicted as a function of time and compared with data from independent experiments. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Erickson, KL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1177 EP 1192 DI 10.1007/s11664-998-0067-6 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 137FQ UT WOS:000076904400007 ER PT J AU Hirsch, MT Duxstad, KJ Haller, EE Ruvimov, S Liliental-Weber, Z AF Hirsch, MT Duxstad, KJ Haller, EE Ruvimov, S Liliental-Weber, Z TI Correlation of microstructure with electrical behavior of Ti/GaN Schottky contacts SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE GaN; metal contacts; Schottky barrier height; structural characterization ID N-TYPE GAN; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; OHMIC CONTACTS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; BLUE; TI/AL; JUNCTION AB We correlate structural and electrical characteristics of as-deposited and low-temperature annealed Ti contacts on GaN. Temperature dependent current-voltage measurements are used to determine the effective barrier heights of the respective contacts, while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy is utilized for structural characterization. As-deposited Ti contacts are slightly rectifying with an effective barrier height of similar to 200 meV. After annealing at 230 degrees C, the barrier height increases to values of similar to 450 meV. A similar behavior of Schottky contacts with more strongly rectifying diodes upon low-temperature annealing is observed for Zr metal contacts on GaN. As-deposited Ti already forms a thin TiN layer at the GaN interface. After annealing at 230 degrees C, the average thickness and the distribution of TiN grains remain practically unchanged, but the interface with GaN roughens. We correlate the observed barrier height changes with interface roughness and phase formation and we discuss the results in terms of interface damage and the Schottky-Mott theory. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hirsch, MT (reprint author), Univ Oldenburg, Dept Phys, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. EM eehaller@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1236 EP 1239 DI 10.1007/s11664-998-0075-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 137FQ UT WOS:000076904400015 ER PT J AU Vieux, BE Mubaraki, MA Brown, D AF Vieux, BE Mubaraki, MA Brown, D TI Wellhead protection area delineation using a coupled GIS and groundwater model SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GIS; environmental management; groundwater management; wellhead protection; contamination sources AB The 1986 Amendments to the United States Safe Drinking Wafer Act (SDWA) made wellhead protection an important issue for wafer suppliers in the US. These Amendments mandate that each Stale develop a wellhead protection program (WHPP) to protect the wellhead areas of all public water systems from contaminants that may have adverse human health effects. Data requirements to support a WHPP can become unwieldy without the benefit of a system that can handle large databases involving spatial relationships. Geographic information systems (GIS) store, analyse, map and illustrate data sets of complex spatial information, and can therefore be used to integrate and analyse various types of spatial data needed to delineate wellhead protection areas. The Cheyenne-Arapaho tribe has initiated a study of the groundwater resources on the Concho Reserve in Canadian County, Oklahoma, US. Groundwater within the Concho Researve is vulnerable to contamination because of the high permeability of the alluvial aquifer associated with the North Canadian River Pollutants of concern are associated with industrial agricultural and domestic sources in the recharge area. This paper describes the development of an interface allowing the Cheyenne-Arapaho tribe to delineate and manage wellhead protection areas (WHPAs). The system described herein provides for two modes of operation. The first, in which a well site is selected and possible sources of contamination are identified, is termed the forward problem. The second, where the ensemble area of possible well sites for which no known sources of contamination exist, is termed the backward problem. The system developed provides efficient management and protection of tribal drinking-wafer resources. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Environm Modelling & GIS Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Starkey Energy Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Vieux, BE (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Environm Modelling & GIS Lab, 202 W Boyd St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 54 IS 3 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1006/jema.1998.0230 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 142XW UT WOS:000077226600003 ER PT J AU Gist, DH Congdon, JD AF Gist, DH Congdon, JD TI Oviductal sperm storage as a reproductive tactic of turtles SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology CY JUL 12-17, 1997 CL UNIV BRISTOL, SCH BIOL SCI, BRISTOL, ENGLAND HO UNIV BRISTOL, SCH BIOL SCI ID CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PAINTED TURTLE; GOPHERUS-POLYPHEMUS; BODY-SIZE; PROGESTERONE; PHYSIOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; RECEPTORS; HORMONES AB The oviducts of two species of freshwater turtles were examined throughout the year to determine the distribution of sperm within the oviduct, the locations of stored sperm, and the onset of mating. Sperm were stored in undifferentiated tubules and ducts of submucosal glands at the periphery of large glandular segments of the albumen and uterine regions of the oviduct. Sperm transfer to females commenced in October in Sternotherus odoratus and in January in Trachemys scripta. The role of sperm storage in the annual reproductive cycle of freshwater turtles is evaluated in light of the onset of sperm transfer to females and the timing of ovulation and oviposition. Stored sperm are most likely to be utilized in the fertilization of eggs ovulated in the second and subsequent egg clutches. J. Exp. Zool. 282:526-534, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Gist, DH (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, POB 21006, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 48 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 282 IS 4-5 BP 526 EP 534 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(199811/12)282:4/5<526::AID-JEZ8>3.3.CO;2-Q PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 132CH UT WOS:000076612100008 PM 9803538 ER PT J AU Tashtoush, G Saito, K Cremers, C Gritzo, L AF Tashtoush, G Saito, K Cremers, C Gritzo, L TI Study of flame spread over JP8 using 2-D holographic interferometry SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE holographic interferometry; JP8; flame spread over liquids; fire safety AB Despite the widespread use of JP8 as a transportation fuel, and hence its importance to fire safety in the event of an accident, the characteristics of flame spread over JP8 are not well known. In order to better estimate fire growth rates, flame spread rates over JP8 and n-butanol were measured in this study as functions of initial liquid temperature. A Holographic Interferometry (HI) technique was employed in conjunction with a photographic recording system to rapidly detect small temperature changes over an area including the liquid and gas phases. The laboratory-scale experiments were performed using the same apparatus employed in previous studies of flame spread over alcohol to allow comparison of the two sets of results. Flame spread data were obtained for JP8 fuel as a function of initial fuel temperatures between 15 degrees C: and 40 degrees C. The four common spread patterns (pseudo-uniform, pulsating, uniform, and superflash) observed for alcohol by Akita [1] were also observed for flame spread over JP8. In order to estimate the heat flux carried by the subsurface convective flow, an energy balance in the liquid phase was performed by considering a control volume of the liquid ahead of the flame. From this analysis, the liquid-phase convection (Q(cv)) was found to be larger than both the gas-phase convection (Q(g)) and the heat loss (Q(L)). This trend indicates that (Q(cv)) is the main mode of heat transfer for flame spread over liquid in the uniform regime of these experiments. It was also observed that JP8 requires a much higher ignition energy, in comparison with butanol, to initiate the flame spread, although both JP8 and butanol have approximately equal closed-cup flash point (T-f approximate to 37 degrees C). The difference is partly due to the low viscosity and relatively large surface-tension force of JP8 which generate a liquid convection flow more effectively than butanol. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tashtoush, G (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, 521 CRMS Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. OI Tashtoush, Ghassan/0000-0002-9601-3791 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 437 EP 457 DI 10.1177/073490419801600604 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 187AV UT WOS:000079764500004 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ Emery, BA Engebretson, M Li, X McAllister, AH Mukai, T Kokubun, S Reeves, GD Evans, D Obara, T Pi, X Rosenberg, T Weatherwax, A McHarg, MG Chun, F Mosely, K Codrescu, M Lanzerotti, L Rich, FJ Sharber, J Wilkinson, P AF Knipp, DJ Emery, BA Engebretson, M Li, X McAllister, AH Mukai, T Kokubun, S Reeves, GD Evans, D Obara, T Pi, X Rosenberg, T Weatherwax, A McHarg, MG Chun, F Mosely, K Codrescu, M Lanzerotti, L Rich, FJ Sharber, J Wilkinson, P TI An overview of the early November 1993 geomagnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; SOLAR-WIND; IONOSPHERIC ELECTRODYNAMICS; MAGNETIC STORMS; POLAR-CAP; PHASE FLUCTUATIONS; PLASMA SHEET; MARCH 28-29; FIELD; THERMOSPHERE AB This paper describes the development of a major space storm during November 2-11, 1993. We discuss the history of the contributing high-speed stream, the powerful combination of solar wind transients and a corotating interaction region which initiated the storm, the high-speed flow which prolonged the storm and the near-Earth manifestations of the storm. The 8-day storm period was unusually long; the result of a high-speed stream (maximum speed 800 km/s) emanating from st distended coronal hole. Storm onset was accompanied by a compression of the entire dayside magnetopause to within geosynchronous Earth orbit(GEO). For nearly 12 hours the near-Earth environment was in a state of tumult. A super-dense plasma sheet was observed at GEO, and severe spacecraft charging was reported. The effects of electrons precipitating into the atmosphere penetrated into the stratosphere. Subauroral electron content varied by 100% and F layer heights oscillated by 200 km. Equatorial plasma irregularities extended in plumes to heights of 1400 km. Later, energetic particle fluxes at GEO recovered and rose by more than an order of magnitude. A satellite anomaly was reported during the interval of high energetic electron flux. Model results indicate an upper atmospheric temperature increase of 200 degrees K within 24 hours of storm onset. Joule heating for the first 24 hours of the storm was more than 3 times that for typical active geomagnetic conditions. We estimate that total global ionospheric heating for the full storm interval was similar to 190 PJ, with 30% of that generated within 24 hours of storm onset. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi, Japan. AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. Hiraiso Solar Terr Res Ctr, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Dirctorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. IPS Radio & Space Serv, Haymarket, NSW, Australia. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM knippdj.dfp@usafa.af.mil; emery@ncar.ucar.edu; engebret@augsburg.edu; lix@kitron.Colorado.edu; ahm@ncar.ucar.edu; mukai@fujitubo.gtl.isas.ac.jp; reeves@lanl.gov; T.Obara@crl.go.jp; xqp@cobra.jpl.nasa.gov; rosenberg@uap.umd.edu; allanw@polar.umd.edu; mchargmg.dfp@usafa.af.mil; chunflc.dfp@usafa.af.mil; codrescu@sec.noaa.gov; ljl@physics.belllabs.com; rich@plh.af.mil; sharb@broccoli.space.swri.edu; phil@ips.gov.au RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 92 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 103 IS A11 BP 26197 EP 26220 DI 10.1029/98JA00762 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133UX UT WOS:000076705500002 ER PT J AU Kozyra, JU Jordanova, VK Borovsky, JE Thomsen, MF Knipp, DJ Evans, DS McComas, DJ Cayton, TE AF Kozyra, JU Jordanova, VK Borovsky, JE Thomsen, MF Knipp, DJ Evans, DS McComas, DJ Cayton, TE TI Effects of a high-density plasma sheet on ring current development during the November 2-6, 1993, magnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; PROTON; IONS; DYNAMICS; REGIONS; FIELDS AB The growth and recovery of the November 2-6, 1993 magnetic storm was simulated using a drift-loss ring current model that was driven by dynamic fluxes at geosynchronous orbit as an outer boundary condition. During the storm main phase, a high-density plasma sheet was observed by the Los Alamos National Laboratory geosynchronous satellites to move into and flow around the inner magnetosphere over a period of similar to 12 hours [Borovsky et al., 1997; this issue] during the storm main phase. Densities at the leading edge of this structure reached 3 cm(-3) as compared with more typical values <1 cm-3. The factor of 3 change in the plasma sheet density from quiet to active times produced a factor of 3 enhancement in the strength of the simulated ring current. In addition, a short-timescale recovery in the Dst index at 1600 UT on November 4 was driven by changes in the outer boundary condition and appeared even in the absence of collisional losses. An overshoot in the minimum Dst* occurred in the simulated ring current compared with observed values at similar to 0200 UT on November 4 and is taken as evidence of a loss process not included in the ring current-atmosphere interaction model (RAM). The storm onset was associated with a compression of the entire dayside magnetopause to within geostationary orbit starting at 2307 UT and continuing for a half hour. It is suggested that a possible additional loss may have resulted as ions drifted to the compressed dayside magnetopause. In fact such losses were found in another simulation of the inner magnetosphere for the same storm by Freeman et al. [1996]. The energy supplied to the inner magnetosphere, relative to the total energy input during this magnetic storm, was examined by comparing two widely used energy input functions, the epsilon parameter [Akasofu, 1981] and the F parameter [Burton et al., 1975] against energy input to the ring current model based on geosynchronous plasma observations at the outer boundary. It is found that the epsilon parameter [Akasofu,1981] overestimates the ring current energy input compared to the drift-loss model by almost an order of magnitude during the main phase. However, the integrated energy input from epsilon, over the 4 day interval of the storm, is in very good agreement with the total energy input inferred from observations. On the other hand, F more closely approximates the magnitude of the ring current energy input alone as calculated in the drift-loss model. An energy budget is constructed for the storm that shows energy inputs from the solar wind and energy dissipation due to ring current buildup and decay, auroral electron precipitation, Joule heating, ion precipitation, and energy storage in the magnetotail in reasonable balance. The ring current energy input accounts for only 15% of the total dissipated energy in this storm interval. A more complete energy budget that extends to November 11,1993, was compiled by Knipp et al. [this issue]. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Space Phys Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Astrophys & Radiat Measurements Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kozyra, JU (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Space Phys Lab, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 39 TC 94 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 103 IS A11 BP 26285 EP 26305 DI 10.1029/98JA01964 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133UX UT WOS:000076705500009 ER PT J AU Borovsky, JE Thomsen, MF McComas, DJ Cayton, TE Knipp, DJ AF Borovsky, JE Thomsen, MF McComas, DJ Cayton, TE Knipp, DJ TI Magnetospheric dynamics and mass flow during the November 1993 storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETOPAUSE CROSSINGS; OUTER PLASMASPHERE; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; 6.6 RE; SPACE; PREDICTION; ANALYZER; GEOS-2; SHEET AB The National Space Weather Program (NSWP) Storm that occurred in November 1993 is examined with the use of plasma and energetic-particle measurements on three satellites in geosynchronous orbit. Geosynchronous orbit affords a powerful perspective on magnetospheric dynamics since both tail and dipole processes can be regularly seen, as well as nightside and dayside processes. The major magnetospheric regions analyzed before, during, and after this storm are the outer plasmasphere, the ion plasma sheet, the electron plasma sheet, and the outer electron radiation belt. Ionospheric outflows into the magnetosphere are also observed, and during the storm the magnetosheath and the low-latitude boundary layer are both seen briefly. The geosynchronous observations indicate that prior to the storm the magnetosphere was very quiet and the outer plasmasphere was filled out to beyond geosynchronous orbit. Extremely large anisotropies were seen in the ion plasma sheet during a compression phase just prior to storm onset. During the storm's main phase the drainage of the outer plasmasphere to the dayside magnetopause was observed, a superdense ion plasma sheet was tracked moving around the dipole, and a superdense electron plasma sheet was seen. The anomalousIy large plasma pressure on the nightside led to a beta > 1 situation at geosynchronous orbit. The beta > 1 region spread around the dipole with the superdense ion plasma sheet. The magnetic-field tilt angle at geosynchronous orbit indicated that strong cross-tail currents were present very near the Earth. These currents appear to be associated with plasma diamagnetism. Geosynchronous observations indicate that magnetospheric convection was extremely strong. In the electron plasma sheet, severe spacecraft charging occurred. The density of relativistic electrons was observed to peak very early in the storm, whereas the flux of these relativistic electrons peaked much later in the aftermath of the storm. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Astrophys & Radiat Measurements Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borovsky, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jborousky@lanl.gov NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 103 IS A11 BP 26373 EP 26394 DI 10.1029/97JA03051 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133UX UT WOS:000076705500016 ER PT J AU Hesse, M Winske, D AF Hesse, M Winske, D TI Electron dissipation in collisionless magnetic reconnection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOTAIL EQUILIBRIA; HYBRID DRIFT INSTABILITY; PARTICLE SIMULATION; MHD SIMULATIONS; CURRENT SHEETS; TEARING MODE; FIELD; DYNAMICS; SUBSTORM; PLASMAS AB A study of the electron dynamics in the dissipation region of collisionless magnetic reconnection is presented. The investigation is based on a new 2.5-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation code. This code is applied to the problem of reconnection in two differently sized current sheets: one with a thickness of the ion inertial length and the other with electron inertial length thickness. The complete set of contributions to the reconnection electric field is calculated directly from the particle information. The two cases lead to quite different results. In the ion scale, sheet reconnection is significantly slower, and the dissipation is provided virtually exclusively by electron quasi-viscous effects. The electron scale sheet reconnects much faster, involving a bifurcation of the reconnection region and the formation of a magnetic island. In this latter case, dissipation appears to be primarily provided by electron inertial effects and here foremost by bulk electron acceleration. Finally, an attempt to represent the effects of electron pressure-based dissipation in a transport model is presented also. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Electrodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hesse, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Electrodynam Branch, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012 NR 48 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 103 IS A11 BP 26479 EP 26486 DI 10.1029/98JA01570 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133UX UT WOS:000076705500022 ER PT J AU Streltsov, AV Lotko, W Johnson, JR Cheng, CZ AF Streltsov, AV Lotko, W Johnson, JR Cheng, CZ TI Small-scale, dispersive field line resonances in the hot magnetospheric plasma SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC ALFVEN WAVES; DISCRETE AURORAL ARCS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ELECTROSTATIC SHOCKS; ULF WAVES; IONOSPHERE; ALTITUDE; ACCELERATION; MODEL; ZONE AB The formation, temporal behavior, and spatial structure of field line resonance (FLR) layers formed by shear Alfven waves standing along auroral magnetic field Lines between the ionospheres are investigated when the layer develops transverse structure on the scale of the ion Larmour radius. Using a new numerical model including full ion Larmour radius correction in dipole magnetic geometry with realistic distributions of background plasma temperature and density, the following is shown: (I) Hot magnetospheric ions significantly retard the development of a parallel electric field in ion gyroscale dispersive Alfven waves. (2) A fundamental FLR forming near L = 7.5 can contract to a transverse scale size of several hundred of meters in the direction perpendicular to the geomagnetic field at ionospheric altitudes, with a parallel electric field sufficient to produce a kV potential drop along the resonance field line from the ionosphere up to similar to 4 R-E altitude, in the region where the wave dispersion is due to the finite electron inertia. (3) A plasma density depletion in the lower auroral magnetosphere (approximate to 2-5 R-E geocentric distance) enables the formation of a nonradiative fundamental FLR. (4) Dispersive FLRs for the higher harmonics are more radiative at the equatorial magnetosphere than the fundamental mode. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Streltsov, AV (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 67 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 103 IS A11 BP 26559 EP 26572 DI 10.1029/98JA02679 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133UX UT WOS:000076705500029 ER PT J AU Taguchi, S Slavin, JA Kiyohara, M Nose, M Reeves, GD Lepping, RP AF Taguchi, S Slavin, JA Kiyohara, M Nose, M Reeves, GD Lepping, RP TI Temporal relationship between midtail traveling compression regions and substorm onset: Evidence for near-Earth neutral line formation in the late growth phase SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BURSTY BULK FLOWS; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; CURRENT DISRUPTION; IMP-8 OBSERVATIONS; CURRENT WEDGE; MAGNETOTAIL; EXPANSION; MODEL AB The timing of the near-Earth neutral line (NENL) formation relative to substorm onset signatures has been a central debate in substorm research for some time. Several recent studies have suggested that the direct identification of the reconnection site, at least in its initial stage, is difficult because it may be a very limited region spatially. Our approach to this timing problem is the examination of the midtail lobe traveling compression regions (TCRs) relative to onset during substorm events. Fifty-nine midtail TCRs in the IMP 8 magnetotail observations are analyzed. These midtail TCRs differ from the distant tail TCRs in that they lack the first half of the north and south tilting of the field during the compression. The flat B-Z phase preceding the south tilting interval in these midtail compression regions has been interpreted as being due to the close proximity to the growing plasmoid bulge just prior to plasmoid ejection down the tail. The results of our analysis show that these TCRs start a few minutes before or simultaneously (accuracy of 1 min) with Pi2 onset at low-latitude or midlatitude ground stations and the particle injection at the geosynchronous orbit. Before the plasmoid bulge formation starts, the NENL must start to form in the plasma sheet; that is, the formation of NENL must initially occur on closed field lines to form the plasmoids which compress the lobes to cause the TCRs. Our results support this view and allow us to conclude that NENL forms before ground and geosynchronous substorm onset signatures, i.e., in the late growth phase. The implications of these results for magnetospheric substorm models are discussed. C1 Univ Electrocommun, Dept Elect Engn, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taguchi, S (reprint author), Univ Electrocommun, Dept Elect Engn, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. EM taguchi@ee.uec.ac.jp RI Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; Nose, Masahito/B-1900-2015; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Nose, Masahito/0000-0002-2789-3588; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 103 IS A11 BP 26607 EP 26612 DI 10.1029/98JA02617 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133UX UT WOS:000076705500033 ER PT J AU Lewis, RV Freeman, MP Reeves, GD AF Lewis, RV Freeman, MP Reeves, GD TI The relationship of HF radar backscatter to the accumulation of open magnetic flux prior to substorm onset SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER EVENTS; MAGNETOPAUSE; CONVECTION; IONOSPHERE; PLASMA; RECONNECTION; EXCITATION; SYSTEM AB We identify a characteristic signature observed in Halley HF radar data during the substorm growth phase and investigate its relationship to magnetotail evolution leading up to substorm onset. The signature is a super-diurnal equatorward propagation of the equatorward edge of the HF radar backscatter returns. It is found to be characteristic of a particular class of substorms, those which are the first to occur following quiet magnetospheric and ionospheric conditions. By using solar wind data, we estimate the reconnection electric field at the magnetopause for four such events. An empirical relationship is found to exist between the time integral of this electric field and the latitude of the HF radar backscatter. Relating this solely to the addition of open magnetic flux to the polar cap; we would estimate the length of the dayside reconnection X line to be 12 R-E. It is likely that additional factors affect this empirical relationship. C1 British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lewis, RV (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM M.P.Freeman@bas.ac.uk; Reeves@lanl.gov RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 103 IS A11 BP 26613 EP 26619 DI 10.1029/98JA02434 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133UX UT WOS:000076705500034 ER PT J AU Kharchenko, V Liu, WH Dalgarno, A AF Kharchenko, V Liu, WH Dalgarno, A TI X ray and EUV emission spectra of oxygen ions precipitating into the Jovian atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE; HEAVY-IONS; JUPITER; COLLISIONS AB Spectra of soft X ray and EUV emissions of oxygen ions, precipitating into the Jovian atmosphere, are calculated, taking into account the dynamical evolution of the energy and charge distributions of the ions as they propagate. Monte Carlo simulations are performed using experimental and theoretical cross sections of ion collisions with the atmospheric gases. The numbers of X ray and EUV photons produced per precipitating oxygen ion are calculated as functions of the initial ion energy and charge. The energy and charge distribution functions are used to evaluate the intensities of characteristic X ray and EUV emission lines of oxygen ions in Jovian auroras. Radiative cascade transitions from highly excited ion states are shown to be an important source mechanism of soft X ray and ultraviolet emission Lines. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kharchenko, V (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM vkharchenko@cfa.harvard.edu NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 103 IS A11 BP 26687 EP 26698 DI 10.1029/98JA02395 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133UX UT WOS:000076705500040 ER PT J AU Hubert, D Lacombe, C Harvey, CC Moncuquet, M Russell, CT Thomsen, MF AF Hubert, D Lacombe, C Harvey, CC Moncuquet, M Russell, CT Thomsen, MF TI Nature, properties, and origin of low-frequency waves from an oblique shock to the inner magnetosheath SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA DEPLETION LAYER; EARTHS BOW SHOCK; MAGNETIC-FIELD FLUCTUATIONS; MIRROR INSTABILITY; ANISOTROPY INSTABILITIES; SUBSOLAR MAGNETOSHEATH; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; ISEE 1-2; DOWNSTREAM; TURBULENCE AB We analyze the high time-resolution profiles of the electron density and of the magnetic field and the plasma parameters recorded by ISEE 1 and 2 during a crossing of the Earth's magnetosheath at 1430 LT. Compressive and Alfven ion cyclotron modes (AIC modes) are identified by comparing the measured magnetic polarization and electron parallel compressibility with the results of calculations in an unstable kinetic linear model. A criterion to discuss the accuracy of the wave vector direction of mirror modes is established; an efficient method to disentangle mirror and AIC modes is presented and applied. From the bow shock to the inner sheath we identify successively (1) compressive modes and AIC modes in the oblique shock, (2) a pure AIC mode region of circularly and elliptically polarized waves in a layer 0.3 RE thick adjacent to the undershoot, (3) a mixed region 2 RE thick where both mirror modes and AIC modes are observed, (4) a pure mirror mode region. The nature of the dominant mode appears to be controlled by the depth in the magnetosheath, more than by the local values of beta(p) and the proton temperature anisotropy T-p perpendicular to/T-p//. In the outer sheath the unusual identification of a pure Alfvenic region for a large average proton beta beta(p) = 13 and a moderate proton temperature anisotropy could be explained by a relatively low density of alpha particles. The mirror modes are three-dimensional structures with their major axis along the magnetic field and with their minor axis nearly perpendicular to the magnetopause surface. We estimate the dimensions of ordered structures observed in the middle of the magnetosheath for a beta(p) around 7 +/- 1 and T-p perpendicular to/T-p// around 1.5; the minor axis of regular mirror modes is typically between 1300 and 1900 km long: the intermediate dimension is larger than either 2200 or 2700 km, while the major axis is larger than either 2700 or 3400 km. For the first time the measured parallel compressibility of the pure mirror modes is shown to be in relatively good agreement with the linear model predictions for 4 < beta(p) < 11. The absence of AIC modes in the inner sheath suggests that these modes cannot grow or propagate in regions where mirror modes are well developed and that AIC wave energy is not transferred across a large-amplitude mirror mode region. C1 Observ Paris, CNRS, URA 264, Dept Rech Spatiale, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harvey, CC (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, URA 264, Dept Rech Spatiale, F-92195 Meudon, France. NR 54 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 103 IS A11 BP 26783 EP 26798 DI 10.1029/98JA01011 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133UX UT WOS:000076705500050 ER PT J AU Phelan, PE Niemann, RC AF Phelan, PE Niemann, RC TI Effective thermal conductivity of a thin, randomly oriented composite material SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NHTC Meeting CY 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND DE conduction; numerical methods; thermophysical properties AB The thermal conductivity of a randomly oriented composite material is modeled using a probabilistic approach in order to determine if a size effect exists for the thermal conductivity at small composite thicknesses. The numerical scheme employs a random number generator to position the filler elements, which have a relatively high thermal conductivity, within a matrix having a relatively low thermal conductivity. The results indicate that, below some threshold thickness, the composite thermal conductivity increases with decreasing thickness, while above the threshold the thermal conductivity is independent of thickness. The threshold thickness increases for increasing filler fraction and increasing k(f)/k(m), the ratio between the filler and matrix thermal conductivities. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Phelan, PE (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 6 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 1998 VL 120 IS 4 BP 971 EP 976 DI 10.1115/1.2825917 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 150MF UT WOS:000077668100018 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA AF Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA TI Synthesis of the bi-heterocyclic parent ring system 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine and some 3,6-disubstituted derivatives SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The synthesis of the previously unknown parent ring system was developed. Treatment of 3-hydrazino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (4) with diethoxymethyl acetate gave the parent ring system. Similar treatment of 3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-hydrazino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (2) with one carbon cyclizing reagents gave 3,6-disubstituted derivatives of the 1,2,4-triazolo-1,2,4,5-tetrazine ring system. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 10 PU HETERO CORPORATION PI ODESSA PA PO BOX 993, ODESSA, FL 33556-0993 USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1329 EP 1332 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 157HA UT WOS:000078054500016 ER PT J AU Clark, JF Davisson, ML Hudson, GB Macfarlane, PA AF Clark, JF Davisson, ML Hudson, GB Macfarlane, PA TI Noble gases, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon as tracers of flow in the Dakota aquifer, Colorado and Kansas SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE isotope hydrology; paleoclimate; regional flow system; Dakota aquifer ID SAN-JUAN BASIN; FLUID PRESSURES; GROUND WATERS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-MEXICO; HELIUM; DEEP; PALEOCLIMATE; CIRCULATION; SOLUBILITY AB A suite of chemical and isotope tracers (dissolved noble gases, stable isotopes of water, radiocarbon, and Cl) have been analyzed along a flow path in the Dakota aquifer system to determine likely recharge sources, ground water residence times, and the extent of mixing between local and intermediate flow systems, presumably caused by large well screens. Three water types were distinguished with the tracers, each having a very different history. Two of the water types were found in south-eastern Colorado where the Dakota is poorly confined. The tracer data suggest that the first group recharged locally during the last few thousand years and the second group was composed of ground water that recharged earlier during a cooler climate, presumably during the last glacial period (LGP) and mixed aged water. The paleotemperature record archived in this groundwater system indicates that south-eastern Colorado was about 5 degrees C cooler during the LGP than during the late Holocene. Similar temperature changes derived from dissolved noble gases in other aquifer systems have been reported earlier for the south-western United States. The third water type was located down gradient of the first two in the confined Dakota in western and central Kansas. Groundwater residence time of this water mass is on the order of 10(4)-10(5) yrs and its recharge location is near the Colorado and Kansas border down gradient of the other water types. The study shows the importance of using multiple tracers when investigating ground water systems. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. ALI rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Isotope Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. RP Clark, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM clark@magic.ucsb.edu NR 45 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 211 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00233-9 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 149ML UT WOS:000077609200012 ER PT J AU Jin, X Roberts, CGP Nixon, DF Cao, YZ Ho, DD Walker, BD Muldoon, M Korber, BTM Koup, RA AF Jin, X Roberts, CGP Nixon, DF Cao, YZ Ho, DD Walker, BD Muldoon, M Korber, BTM Koup, RA CA ARIEL Project Investigators TI Longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and their relationship to vertical human immunodeficiency virus transmission SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; CHILDREN BORN; MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; TYPE-1 INFECTION; HIV-1 INFECTION; CTL RESPONSE; VIRAL LOAD; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; INFANT TRANSMISSION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD AB The ARIEL Project for the Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Infant was established to evaluate virologic and immunologic parameters during vertical transmission. To determine the strength and breadth of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and its correlation with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, a cross-sectional study was done of 31 HIV-infected pregnant women, of whom 15 transmitted and 16 did not transmit HIV to their infants, The precursor frequencies of CTL specific for HIV-1 gag, pol, nef; and en, from 5 different isolates of the clade B of HIV-1 were determined by limiting dilution analysis, Results showed that variable levels of HIV-specific CTL response were present in HIV-infected pregnant women during and after pregnancy. In addition, CTL precursor frequencies specific for pol and nef were higher during pregnancy in nontransmitters than in transmitters. Thus, CTL responding to different HIV antigens may not be contributing equally to the prevention of vertical transmission. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Koup, RA (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. EM rkoup@mednet.swmed.edu RI Muldoon, Mark/C-7505-2009; OI Wolinsky, Steven/0000-0002-9625-6697; Nixon, Douglas/0000-0002-2801-1786; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 54 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 178 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1326 DI 10.1086/314455 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 138TQ UT WOS:000076989500011 PM 9780251 ER PT J AU Davidson, GS Hendrickson, B Johnson, DK Meyers, CE Wylie, BN AF Davidson, GS Hendrickson, B Johnson, DK Meyers, CE Wylie, BN TI Knowledge mining with VxInsight: Discovery through interaction SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE information visualization; information retrieval; graphical user interface; browsing AB The explosive growth in the availability of information is overwhelming traditional information management systems. Although individual pieces of information have become easy to find, the larger context in which they exist has become harder to track. These contextual questions are ideally suited to visualization since the human visual system is remarkably adept at interpreting large quantities of information, and at detecting patterns and anomalies. The challenge is to present the information in a manner that maximally leverages our visual skills. This paper discusses a set of properties that such a presentation should have, and describes the design and functionality of VxInsight, a visualization tool built to these principles. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Davidson, GS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9902 J9 J INTELL INF SYST JI J. Intell. Inf. Syst. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 11 IS 3 BP 259 EP 285 DI 10.1023/A:1008690008856 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 164ZC UT WOS:000078492600004 ER PT J AU Lodwig, SN Unkefer, CJ AF Lodwig, SN Unkefer, CJ TI Stereoselective synthesis of stable isotope-labeled L-alpha-amino acids: Enantioselective synthesis of C-13-, N-15-labeled L-proline using Oppolzer's glycine template SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE L-[1,2-C-13, N-15]proline; L-[2-C-13]proline; L-[epsilon-N-15]lysine ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CIS-TRANS ISOMERISM; L-GLUTAMIC ACID; CHEMOMICROBIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS; ELECTROPHILIC AMINATION; ASYMMETRIC ALKYLATIONS; PRACTICAL PREPARATION; PEPTIDE-BOND; NMR; DENATURATION AB We have developed a stereoselective route to the synthesis of stable isotope-labeled L-proline. Alkylation of (2R)-N-{N'-[bis(methylthio)methylidine]glycyl}bornane-10,2-sultam with 3-chloro-iodopropane yielded (2R)-N-{(2'S)-2'-{[Bis(methylthio)methylidine]amino}-5-chloropentan-1-oyl}bornane-10,2-sultam. Cyclization to the imino acid occurred during the sequential removal of the alpha-amino protecting group and the chiral auxiliary. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Centralia Coll, Div Sci, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. RP Unkefer, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST-4,MS G758, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 41 IS 11 BP 983 EP 991 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1344(1998110)41:11<983::AID-JLCR152>3.0.CO;2-M PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 140GH UT WOS:000077078900002 ER PT J AU Rehnmark, S Giometti, CS Slavin, BG Doolittle, MH Reue, K AF Rehnmark, S Giometti, CS Slavin, BG Doolittle, MH Reue, K TI The fatty liver dystrophy mutant mouse: microvesicular steatosis associated with altered expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-regulated proteins SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE triglyceride; 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis; hepatocytes ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR PPAR; FLD MUTATION; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEPATIC LIPASE; A-IV; METABOLISM; MICE; RAT; TRIGLYCERIDE AB Fatty liver dystrophy (fld) is an autosomal recessive mutation in mice characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver during neonatal development, The fatty liver in fld/fld mice spontaneously resolves between the age of 14-18 days, at which point the animals develop a neuropathy associated with abnormal myelin formation in peripheral nerve. We have investigated the morphological and biochemical alterations that occur in the fatty liver of neonatal fld/fld mice, Studies at the light and electron microscopic level demonstrated the accumulation of lipid droplets and hypertrophic parenchymal cells in fld neonates, with no apparent liver pathology after resolution of the fatty liver. To better characterize the biochemical basis for the development of fatty liver in fld mice, we compared protein expression patterns in the fatty liver of fld mice and in the liver of phenotypically normal (wild-type) littermates using quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We detected 24 proteins with significantly altered expression levels (P < 0.001) in the fld fatty liver, 15 of which are proteins that are altered in abundance by peroxisome proliferating chemicals. As these compounds characteristically elicit changes in the expression of mitochondrial and peroxisomal enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, we quantitated rates of fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes isolated from fld and wild-type mice.jlr These studies revealed that hepatic fatty acid oxidation in fld neonates is reduced by 60% compared to wild-type littermates, In hepatocytes from adult fld mice that no longer exhibit a fatty liver, oxidation rates were similar to those in hepatocytes from age-matched wild-type mice. These findings indicate that altered expression of proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation is associated with triglyceride accumulation in the fld fatty liver. C1 W Los Angeles Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Cell & Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Prot Mapping Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reue, K (reprint author), W Los Angeles Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 28481] NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2209 EP 2217 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 136VV UT WOS:000076880600012 PM 9799807 ER PT J AU Smith, JL Lear, SR Forte, TM Ko, W Massimi, M Erickson, SK AF Smith, JL Lear, SR Forte, TM Ko, W Massimi, M Erickson, SK TI Effect of pregnancy and lactation on lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism in the rat SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE liver; ACAT; cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase; SR-B1; mdr2; LDL receptor; LRP; apolipoproteins; DGAT; cholesterol ester hydrolases ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS; BILE-ACID SYNTHESIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STEROL SYNTHESIS; LIPASE ACTIVITY; RECEPTOR; DISEASE; LIVER; INVIVO; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA AB Origins of hyperlipidemia and cholestasis that occur during pregnancy were investigated by examining expression of key elements related to plasma and hepatic cholesterol metabolism during pregnancy, lactation, and post-lactation in the rat model. Among major findings were: during pregnancy, the activities of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase, acyl coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, cholesterol ester hydrolases, low density lipoprotein receptors, LRP, and mdr2 were significantly lower or similar to non-pregnant controls while SR-B1 was elevated. Once lactation began, reductase, cholesterol acyltransferase, 7 alpha-hydroxylase activities, low density lipoprotein receptors, and mdr2 increased while SR-B1 decreased. In later stages of lactation most hepatic elements returned to near control levels. Plasma cholesterol levels were higher than control at birth and during lactation with increase in LDL-size particles. By 24 h post-lactation, plasma triglycerides were 3.7-fold higher while cholesterol remained unchanged. Very large lipoproteins were present while LDL-size particles were now absent, Hepatic cholesterol acyltransferase had decreased to 27% of control while diacylglycerol acyltransferase increased 3-fold and low density lipoprotein receptors doubled. Most elements were normalized 3 weeks after weaning except for LRP and low density lipoprotein receptors which were elevated.jlr These studies provide an integrated picture of expression of key elements of hepatic and plasma cholesterol metabolism during pregnancy and lactation and advance understanding of hyperlipidemia and cholestasis during these states. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Erickson, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. RI massimi, mara/I-6076-2012 OI massimi, mara/0000-0002-9569-816X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL52069, HL871105]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK38553] NR 66 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2237 EP 2249 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 136VV UT WOS:000076880600015 PM 9799810 ER PT J AU Kouzoudis, D AF Kouzoudis, D TI Exact analytical partition function and energy levels for a Heisenberg ring of N=6 spin 1/2 sites SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Heisenberg s = 1/2 ring; exact analytical partition function; thermodynamic potentials; dispersion relations; translational symmetry; group theory ID LADDERS AB Using a method which combines reduction due to translational symmetry and elimination of degenerate states from smaller subspaces, the 64 x 64 Hamiltonian matrix of a Heisenberg ring of N = 6 spin 1/2 atoms can be reduced to submatrices that are no larger than 3 x 3. This reduction makes possible the calculation of the exact eigenenergies E(k) of the system and subsequently the derivation of the partition function in an exact analytical form. The results are in perfect agreement with those obtained numerically by other authors. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dimitris@ameslab.gov NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 189 IS 3 BP 366 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(98)00252-2 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 132NZ UT WOS:000076637600013 ER PT J AU Deng, HT Van Berkel, GJ AF Deng, HT Van Berkel, GJ TI Electrospray mass spectrometry and UV/visible spectrophotometry studies of Aluminum(III)-flavonoid complexes SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE flavonoids; electrospray mass spectrometry; UV/visible spectrophotometry; aluminum(III); complexes ID ALUMINUM; CHEMISTRY AB Aluminum(III) complexes formed by the isoflavone biochanin-A and the flavones kaempeferol and quercetin in CH3OH, CH3CN, i-C3H7OH, and the mixed solvents CH3CN/CH3OH (1/1 v/v), CH3CN/H2O (1/1 v/v) CH3CN/CH2Cl2 (1/1 v/v) and CH3CN/i-C3H7OH (1/1 v/v), were investigated by means of electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) and UV/visible absorbance spectrophotometry. Electrospray mass spectra of solutions that were indicated by their UV/visible spectra to have formed an Al-flavonoid complex displayed singly-charged ions corresponding in m/z to the 1:2, dimeric complex, viz., [AIL(2)](+), L = (flavonoid - H+)(-). Lesser abundant singly-charged ions corresponding in m/z to [AIR(L)](+), where R = H-, HO- or CH3O- were also sometimes observed. Formation of the 1:2 complex was favored in CH3OH relative to all other solvent systems investigated. The relative amounts of complexed and free flavonoid in solution, as estimated by the appearance of the UV/visible spectra, correlated well with the abundance ratio of the 1:2, Al-flavonoid dimer to the protonated flavonoid (indicative of free flavonoid) observed in the ES mass spectrum of the same solution. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1080 EP 1087 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(1998110)33:11<1080::AID-JMS720>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 140AG UT WOS:000077062900004 ER PT J AU Sugama, T AF Sugama, T TI Polyphenylethersulfone adhesive for EPDM elastomer-to-stainless steel joints in a hydrothermal environment SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; POLYETHYLENE AB Hot-melt polyphenylethersulfone (PES) adhesive was used to link ethylene-propylenediene terpolymer (EPDM) elastomer, which can protect geothermal drill pipes, to a stainless steel (SS) substrate. These joints then were exposed for up to 70 days in steam at 200 degrees C to evaluate the durability of the bond. Although the preparation and modification of EPDM and SS surfaces played an important role in ensuring a strong bond in the EPDM-to-SS adhesive joint system, the susceptibility of the PES adhesive to hydrothermal oxidation led to conformational transformation of its sulfone group into a fragmental sulfonic acid derivative during the exposure. Moreover, a prolonged exposure time caused the decomposition of polyphenylethersulfonic acid derivative, forming two additional derivatives, aryl radical and H2SO4 Hot H2SO4 favorably reacted with Fe in the SS to yield a water-soluble Fe-2(SO4)(3) reaction product. This reaction product generated at the interfaces between PES and SS caused a decrease in peel strength. In fact, the loss of adhesion occurred in the SS adjacent to the PES. (C) 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Energy Efficiency & Conservat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Energy Efficiency & Conservat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 33 IS 21 BP 5095 EP 5102 DI 10.1023/A:1004403114089 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 170YD UT WOS:000078834000002 ER PT J AU Wang, L Beyer, WA AF Wang, L Beyer, WA TI Quadratic convergence in period doubling to chaos for trapezoid maps SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCES AB The trapezoid map g(e)(x) is defined for fixed e is an element of (0,1) by g(e)(x) = x/e for x is an element of [0, e], g(e)(x) = 1 for x is an element of (e, 2 - e), and g(e)(x) = (2 - x)/e for x is an element of [2 - e, 2]. For a given e and the associated one-parameter family {lambda g(e)(x): 1 < lambda < 2}, letting lambda(n)(e) be the smallest value of lambda > 1 for which a fixed x is an element of (e, 2 - e), say x(c), is a periodic point of period 2(n), Beyer and Stein conjectured in 1982 that, for any e < 1, the parameter sequence {h(n)(e)}(1)(infinity) is quadratically convergent. In this paper the conjecture is proved. Further, the quadratic convergence is generalized to nonisosceles trapezoid maps. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Beijing Polytech Univ, Dept Math Appl, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Beijing Polytech Univ, Dept Math Appl, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 227 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1006/jmaa.1998.6028 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 136MP UT WOS:000076863400001 ER PT J AU Stone, SC Philips, LA Fraser, GT Lovas, FJ Xu, LH Sharpe, SW AF Stone, SC Philips, LA Fraser, GT Lovas, FJ Xu, LH Sharpe, SW TI High-resolution microwave and infrared molecular-beam studies of the conformers of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE OPTOTHERMAL SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; AB-INITIO; 1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE; MODE; 1,2-DIFLUOROETHANE; REDISTRIBUTION; SPECTROMETER; STRETCH; ETHANOL AB High-resolution microwave and infrared molecular-beam spectra have been measured far 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134). For the higher energy, polar, C-2 symmetry, gauche conformer, microwave spectra have been recorded for the normal and mono-C-13 isotopomers and analyzed to determine a C-C bond length of 1.512(4) Angstrom, in good agreement with a recent ab initio value (MP2/6-31G**) of 1.51.5 Angstrom [S. Papasavva, K. H. Illinger, and J. E. Kenny, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 10100-10110 (1996)]. A tunable microwave-sideband CO2 laser and electric-resonance optothermal spectrometer have been used to measure the infrared spectrum of the upsilon(6), C-C stretch of the gauche conformer near 906 cm(-1). Microwave-infrared double resonance and precise ground state combination differences provided by the microwave measurements guide the assignment of the spectrum. The observation of a c-type spectrum definitively establishes that the upper state vibration is of A symmetry in the C-2 point group. The spectrum is fit to a Watson asymmetric-top Hamiltonian to a standard deviation of 0.24 MHz. A weak perturbation shifts the line positions for transitions near J = K-c = 20 by as much as 12 MHz. The identity of the perturber is unknown. Pulsed slit-jet diode-laser spectra have been recorded for the upsilon(16) vibration of the anti conformer near 1127 cm(-1). An a- and c-type hybrid band is observed, consistent with a B-u symmetry mode. Previous low-resolution studies have attributed the 1127-cm(-1) mode to either a B-u or an A(u) symmetry vibration. A total of 522 nonblended transitions were assigned and fit to determine ground and excited state constants. The ground state constants of A = 5134.952(65) MHz, B = 3148.277(27) MHz, and C = 2067.106(43) MHz are the first experimental determinations of the rotational constants for this conformer. Here, type A standard uncertainties are given in the parentheses. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Mol Sci Res Ctr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stone, SC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Xu, Li-Hong/J-5095-2015 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 192 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1998.7664 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 136NM UT WOS:000076865700010 ER PT J AU Day, DE Wu, Z Ray, CS Hrma, P AF Day, DE Wu, Z Ray, CS Hrma, P TI Chemically durable iron phosphate glass wasteforms SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article AB Up to 40 wt% of a simulated high level waste, whose major components were 54.6 wt% Na2O, 14.9 wt% P2O5 and 8.3 wt% Fe2O3, was successfully vetrified into iron phosphate wasteforms whose chemical durability was equivalent to that of borosilicate glass wasteforms. Because of their high fluidity, the iron phosphate wasteforms could be melted in as little as 30 min at temperatures between 1015 degrees C and 1200 degrees C. The addition of 3-7 wt% CaF2 to the batch decreased the melting time and temperature, by as much as 100 degrees C, and improved the chemical durability, especially for crystallized iron phosphate wasteforms. Iron phosphate wasteforms are concluded to be a practical alternative for vitrifying those nuclear wastes not well suited for borosilicate glasses. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Grad Ctr Mat Res, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Day, DE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Grad Ctr Mat Res, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 16 TC 211 Z9 220 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 241 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(98)00759-5 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 137MK UT WOS:000076918400001 ER PT J AU Chono, S Tsuji, T Denn, MM AF Chono, S Tsuji, T Denn, MM TI Spatial development of director orientation of tumbling nematic liquid crystals in pressure-driven channel flow SO JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE tumbling nematic liquid crystal; Leslie-Ericksen theory; texture; developing flow; inlet length; finite difference method ID MOLECULAR KINETIC-EQUATION; SHEAR-FLOW; VISCOSITY COEFFICIENTS; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; RODLIKE POLYMERS; INSTABILITIES; BIFURCATIONS; SIMULATION; PARAMETER; PHASE AB The Leslie-Ericksen equations in the tumbling regime were solved for developing flow between parallel plates to study the two-dimensional spatial development of director orientation. Calculations were carried out using the physical properties of 8CB. Texture development is governed by the number of director rotations required to reach the equilibrium distribution for fully-developed flow, with complex textures developing at large values of both the tumbling parameter (e) and the Ericksen number (Er). The entry length for structure for a given value of e is a non-monotonic function of Er, and entry lengths of >40 can occur for the parameter range studied here when Er is near a value corresponding to a discontinuous jump in the number of rotations required to reach equilibrium. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kochi Univ Technol, Dept Intelligent Mech Syst Engn, Kochi 7828502, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chono, S (reprint author), Kochi Univ Technol, Dept Intelligent Mech Syst Engn, Kochi 7828502, Japan. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0257 J9 J NON-NEWTON FLUID JI J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 515 EP 527 DI 10.1016/S0377-0257(98)00064-0 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 139AB UT WOS:000077004300021 ER PT J AU Groch, MW Marshall, RC Erwin, WD Schippers, DJ Barnett, CA Leidholdt, EM AF Groch, MW Marshall, RC Erwin, WD Schippers, DJ Barnett, CA Leidholdt, EM TI Quantitative gated blood pool SPECT for the assessment of coronary artery disease at rest SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Society-of-Nuclear-Medicine 43rd Annual Meeting CY JUN 03-05, 1996 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Soc Nucl Med DE gated blood pool imaging; gated SPECT; regional myocardial wall motion ID VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION; TECHNETIUM-99M-SESTAMIBI SPECT; RADIONUCLIDE ANGIOGRAPHY; DIASTOLIC FUNCTION; WALL MOTION; TOMOGRAPHY; QUANTIFICATION; VOLUMES AB Background. Planar gated blood pool imaging (GBPI) has long proven to be useful for the noninvasive assessment of ventricular function. From a practical viewpoint, gated blood pool single photon emission computed tomography (GBPS) acquisition can be accomplished in the same time as a three-view planar series, with the benefit of a tomographic perspective that avoids chamber overlap. Methods and Results. Quantitative gated blood pool SPECT was applied to 10 patients who underwent coronary arteriography, contrast ventriculography, and planar gated blood pool imaging. For each patient, the mid-short axis oblique slice was divided into 4 discrete segments using 4 different reference models and 2 forms of segmentation. A center of mass (counts) fixed in the end-diastolic frame and segmentation that bisected the ventricular septum proved to have the highest sensitivity and specificity for determining regional wall motion abnormalities at rest in myocardium supplied by severely diseased coronary arteries (>75%). GBPS correctly identified 19 of 21 abnormal segments (90%), with good specificity (95%), whereas ventriculography identified 12 (57%) and planar GBPI identified 9 (43%) of the segments supplied by diseased coronaries. Conclusion, Quantitative GBPS appears to be a sensitive method for assessing coronary artery disease at rest in myocardium perfused by severely diseased coronary arteries. C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. St Marys Hlth Ctr, Grand Rapids, MI USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. VA Med Ctr, Martinez, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. RP Groch, MW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, 250 E Super St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1071-3581 J9 J NUCL CARDIOL JI J. Nucl. Cardiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 5 IS 6 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1016/S1071-3581(98)90110-6 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 148GJ UT WOS:000077496600004 PM 9869478 ER PT J AU Foster, JP Bunde, K Gilbert, ER AF Foster, JP Bunde, K Gilbert, ER TI Stress state dependence of transient irradiation creep in 20% cold worked 316 stainless steel SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Irradiation creep tests were performed in fast reactors using the stress states of uniaxial tension, biaxial tension, bending and torsion. In order to compare the saturated transient strain irradiation creep component, the test data were converted to equivalent strain and equivalent stress. The saturated transient irradiation creep component was observed to depend on the stress state. The highest value was exhibited by the uniaxial tension stress state, and the lowest by the torsion stress state. The biaxial tension and bending stress state transient component values were intermediate. This behavior appears to be related to the dislocation or microscopic substructure resulting from fabrication processing and the applied stress direction. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Westinghouse Elect Corp, Commercial Nucl Fuel Div, Columbia, SC USA. Argonne Natl Lab W, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Foster, JP (reprint author), Westinghouse Elect Corp, Commercial Nucl Fuel Div, PO Drawer R, Columbia, SC USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 257 IS 2 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)00447-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134BX UT WOS:000076723900004 ER PT J AU Stubbs, JB Evans, JF Stabin, MG AF Stubbs, JB Evans, JF Stabin, MG TI Radiation absorbed doses to the walls of hollow organs SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; radiation absorbed doses; gastrointestinal tract; electrons; beta particles ID CHILDREN; ADULTS AB Many radiopharmacueticals are excreted from the body through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The doses to the walls of the organs involved often are very significant. As significant fractions of the administered activity pass through them, these organs may receive the highest doses in the body for many radiopharmaceuticals. The absorbed dose to these walled organs, from activity in their contents, is typically calculated as 50% of the average absorbed dose to the contents, for nonpenetrating emissions. The internal surface of the GI tract, and to a certain extent the urinary bladder, is lined with a variable thickness of mucus. In addition, the radiosensitive cell populations (crypt or stem cells) are located at some depth into the mucosa. These two factors suggest that the surface dose, often used to characterize the clinically relevant absorbed doses for walled organs, may represent an overestimate in some cases. Methods: In this study, the radiation transport code MCNP was used to simulate the deposition of energy from nonpenetrating emissions of several radionuclides of interest: Y-90, Tc-99m, I-123 and I-131. Absorbed doses as a function of distance from the wall-contents interface were calculated for three geometric shapes representing different organs along the routes of excretion. Results: The absorbed dose from nonpenetrating emissions to the sensitive cell populations was consistently lower than estimated by the standard model assumption. The simulated absorbed doses to radiosensitive cells in the GI tract for Tc-99m and I-123 are tenfold lower; those for I-131 are fivefold lower and those for Y-90 are 20% lower. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the normally reported dose to the walls of hollow organs probably should be modified to account for the attenuation of these nonpenetrating emissions in the linings of the walls. This study also demonstrates that Monte Carlo codes continue to be useful in the evaluation of the dose to sensitive cells in walled organs. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Radiat Internal Dose Informat Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH USA. NCO Cath Inc, Roswell, GA USA. RP Stabin, MG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Radiat Internal Dose Informat Ctr, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU FDA HHS [FDA 224-75-3016] NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1989 EP 1995 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 135DC UT WOS:000076784400037 PM 9829596 ER PT J AU Gambhir, SS Barrio, JR Wu, L Iyer, M Namavari, M Satyamurthy, N Bauer, E Parrish, C MacLaren, DC Borghei, AR Green, LA Sharfstein, S Berk, AJ Cherry, SR Phelps, ME Herschman, HR AF Gambhir, SS Barrio, JR Wu, L Iyer, M Namavari, M Satyamurthy, N Bauer, E Parrish, C MacLaren, DC Borghei, AR Green, LA Sharfstein, S Berk, AJ Cherry, SR Phelps, ME Herschman, HR TI Imaging of adenoviral-directed herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter gene expression in mice with radiolabeled ganciclovir SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE reporter gene; imaging; PET; thymidine kinase; gene expression ID PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES; THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; MEDIATED TRANSFER; IN-VITRO; CELLS; ACYCLOVIR; MECHANISM; MEMBRANE; PROTEIN AB We are developing procedures to repeatedly and noninvasively image the expression of transplanted reporter genes in living animals and in patients, using PET. We have investigated the use of the Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene (HSV1-tk) as a reporter gene and [8-C-14]-ganciclovir as a reporter probe. HSV1-tk, when expressed, leads to phosphorylation of [8-14C]-ganciclovir. As a result, specific accumulation of phosphorylated [8-C-14]-ganciclovir should occur almost exclusively in tissues expressing the HSV1-tk gene. Methods: An adenoviral vector was constructed carrying the HSV1-tk gene along with a control vector, C6 rat glioma cells were infected with either viral vector and uptake of [8-H-3]-ganciclovir was determined. In addition, 12 mice were injected with varying levels of either viral vector. Adenovirus administration in mice leads primarily to liver infection. Forty-eight hours later the mice were injected with [8-C-14]-ganciclovir, and 1 hr later the mice were sacrificed and biodistribution studies performed. Digital whole-body autoradiography also was performed on separate animals. HSV1-tk expression was assayed, using both normalized HSV1-tk mRNA levels and relative HSV1-TK enzyme levels, in both the cell culture and murine studies. Results: Cell culture, murine tissue biodistribution and murine in vivo digital whole-body autoradiography all demonstrate the feasibility of HSV1-tk as a reporter gene and [8-C-14]-ganciclovir as an imaging reporter probe. A good correlation (r(2) = 0.86) between the [8-C-14]-ganciclovir percent injected dose per gram tissue from HSV1-tk positive tissues and HSV1-TK enzyme levels in vivo was found. An initial study in mice with [8-F-18]-fluoroganciclovir and microPET imaging supports further investigation of [8-F-18]-fluoroganciclovir as a PET reporter probe for imaging HSV1-tk gene expression. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the feasibility of using [8-14C]-ganciclovir as a reporter probe for the HSV1-tk reporter gene, using an in vivo adenoviral mediated gene delivery system in a murine model. The results form the foundation for further investigation of [8-F-18]-fluoroganciclovir for noninvasive and repeated imaging of gene expression with PET. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Crump Inst Biol Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, US DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Div Nucl Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Gambhir, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Crump Inst Biol Imaging, 700 Westwood Plaza,A-222B CIBI, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Sharfstein, Susan/G-1707-2014; OI Sharfstein, Susan/0000-0002-0908-4197 NR 39 TC 237 Z9 247 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2003 EP 2011 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 135DC UT WOS:000076784400039 PM 9829598 ER PT J AU Kuriyama, M Akino, N Ebisawa, N Grisham, L Hu, LQ Honda, A Itoh, T Kawai, M Kazawa, M Mogaki, K Ohara, Y Ohga, T Ohmori, K Okumura, Y Oohara, H Usui, K Watanabe, K AF Kuriyama, M Akino, N Ebisawa, N Grisham, L Hu, LQ Honda, A Itoh, T Kawai, M Kazawa, M Mogaki, K Ohara, Y Ohga, T Ohmori, K Okumura, Y Oohara, H Usui, K Watanabe, K TI Development of negative-ion based NBI system for JT-60 SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE negative-ion; ion sources; neutral beam injection; plasma heating; current drive; beamline; JT-60 TOKAMAK ID NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTOR AB The negative-ion based neutral beam injector (N-NBI) for JT-60 has been developed for plasma core heating and neutral beam current drive in higher density plasmas. Construction of the N-NBI system was completed in 1996, and just after this completion, the efforts to increase beam power and beam energy started. The N-NBI system has already operated with negative ion beams with 14.3 A at 380 keV of deuterium and with 18.5 A at 360 keV of hydrogen. During N-NBI experiments on JT-60, a deuterium neutral beam power of 5.2 MW at 350 keV has been injected for 0.7 s stably, and the response of the JT-60 plasma to high energy beam injection with the N-NBI has been confirmed to be in agreement with a theoretical prediction. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM kuriyama@naka.jaeri.go.jp NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3131 EI 1881-1248 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 35 IS 11 BP 739 EP 749 DI 10.1080/18811248.1998.9733940 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 154FU UT WOS:000077878800001 ER PT J AU Richter, BS AF Richter, BS TI Illness and injury among female employees at the US Department of Energy SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MORBIDITY; REFINERY AB There are few studies that examine the overall morbidity of women in industrial settings, Results from a surveillance program of 21,294 female employees of the US Department of Energy for a 12-month period are presented. Illness/absence data of 5 or more workdays were collected from an epidemiologic surveillance program at eight sites. Approximately II % of the workforce reported an absence of 5 or more workdays in the 12-month period, The five most common disease categories accounted for 70% of all illness or injury absences among female workers. These were respiratory illnesses (22.1%), musculoskeletal disorders (13.2%), injury and poisonings (13.0%), genitourinary illnesses (9.8%), and digestive illnesses (8.8%). Sprains and strains were most frequently attributable to workplace conditions. C1 US DOE, Off Hlth Studies, Off Epidemiol Studies, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Richter, BS (reprint author), US DOE, Off Hlth Studies, Off Epidemiol Studies, 19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 40 IS 11 BP 994 EP 998 DI 10.1097/00043764-199811000-00010 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 140AD UT WOS:000077062600010 PM 9830607 ER PT J AU Chen, MJ Fremgen, DE Rathke, JW AF Chen, MJ Fremgen, DE Rathke, JW TI Oxygen atom transfer from mu-oxo-bis[1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakis(trifluoromethyl) phthalocyaninato]diiron(III): Evidence for an Fe-IV=O intermediate SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE dimeric mu-oxo iron phthalocyanine; Fe-IV=O; oxygen atom transfer; catalytic olefin epoxidation; octakis(trifluoromethyl)phthalocyanine; iodosylbenzene ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHOTODISPROPORTIONATION; METALLOPORPHYRINS; EPOXIDATION; IRON; COORDINATION; PORPHYRINS; REACTIVITY; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION AB The dimeric [(FPc)Fe](2)(mu-O) (1) (FPe is the dianion of 1,4,8,11,15, 18,22,25-octakis(trifluoromethyl)phthalocyanine) has been shown to transfer its mu-oxo atom quantitatively to trimethylphosphine and triphenylphosphine. In the case of triphenylphosphine a base such as 1-methylimidazole (MeIm) or pyridine (py) is needed to induce the oxygen atom transfer. The reaction of 1 with MeIm at -40 degrees C and below gives [(MeIm)(FPc)Fe](2)(mu-O) (4), which disproportionates to give (MeIm)(2)(FPc)Fe (5) and (FPc)Fe=O (6) at higher temperatures. The oxo atom of 6 has been shown to transfer to triphenylphosphine. Similarly, 6 is generated by the disproportionation of 1 with py. It has also been generated by the oxidation of 1 with t-butyl hydroperoxide. [(FPc)Fe](2)(mu-O) catalyzes the oxidation of hydrocarbons by iodosylbenzene. With stilbenes, styrenes, cyclohexenes and butenes as substrates, both epoxidations and alkyl C-H bond oxidations have been observed. The epoxidation of cis-stilbene leads to a mixture of cis- and trans-stilbene oxides, indicating that epoxidation of cis-stilbene, and possibly other olefins as well, proceeds through a non-concerted mechanism. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1088-4246 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 2 IS 6 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1409(199811/12)2:6<473::AID-JPP75>3.0.CO;2-D PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 209DJ UT WOS:000081032700003 ER PT J AU Simonen, FA Khaleel, MA AF Simonen, FA Khaleel, MA TI Effects of flaw sizing errors on the reliability of vessels and piping SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 27-31, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB This paper describes probabilistic fracture mechanics calculations that simulate fatigue crack growth, flaw detection, flaw sizing accuracy, and the impacts of flaw acceptance criteria. The numerical implementation of the model is based on a Latin hypercube approach. Calculations have been performed for a range of parameters. For representative values of flaw detection probability, flaw sizing errors, and flaw acceptance criteria, detection capability is the most limiting factor with regard to the ability of the inservice inspections to reduce leak probabilities. However, gross sizing errors or significant relaxations of current flaw acceptance standards could negate the benefits of outstanding probability of detection capabilities. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simonen, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 1998 VL 120 IS 4 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1115/1.2842345 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 141NZ UT WOS:000077151200008 ER PT J AU Diamant, KD Choueiri, EY Jahn, RG AF Diamant, KD Choueiri, EY Jahn, RG TI Spot mode transition and the anode fall of pulsed magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID VACUUM ARCS; FORCES AB An experimentally based description of the major mechanism regulating the anode fall of a high-power, pulsed, self-held magnetoplasmadynamic thruster is presented. Plasma property data recorded to within one electron Larmor radius of the anode indicate that, with increasing current, the anode transitions from a diffuse, low-anode fall mode of operation to a mode with high-anode falls and spotty current attachment. The transition is marked by an order of magnitude increase in ion saturation current noise measured in the anode region, which is attributed to spot motion and, for the case of a smooth anode surface, is triggered by the condition at which the discharge current density to the anode exceeds the random thermal electron current density. Experiments with a roughened anode indicate that the anode fall in the spot mode serves the purpose of evaporating anode material, and comparison of anode falls measured with smooth copper, aluminum, and molybdenum anodes shows that the magnitude of the anode fall in the spot mode is dependent on anode thermal properties. The spot mode is also found to provide an explanation for anode fall saturation. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Elect Propuls & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Diamant, KD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Elect Propuls & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1036 EP 1042 DI 10.2514/2.5371 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 139HK UT WOS:000077022300022 ER PT J AU Veers, PS Winterstein, SR AF Veers, PS Winterstein, SR TI Application of measured loads to wind turbine fatigue and reliability analysis SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Cyclic loadings produce progressive damage that can ultimately result in wind turbine structural failure. There are many issues that must be dealt with in turning load measurements into estimates of component fatigue life. This paper deals with how the measured loads can be analyzed and processed to meet the needs of both fatigue life calculations and reliability estimates. It is recommended that moments of the distribution of rainflow-range load amplitudes be calculated and used to characterize the fatigue loading. These moments reflect successively more detailed physical characteristics of the lending (mean, spread, tail behavior). Moments can be calculated from data samples and functional forms can befitted to wind conditions, such as wind speed and turbulence intensity with standard regression techniques. Distributions of load amplitudes that accurately reflect the damaging potential of the loadings can be estimated from the moments at any wind condition of interest. Fatigue life can then be calculated from the estimated load distributions, and the overall, long-term, or design spectrum can be generated for any particular wind-speed distribution. Characterizing the uncertainty in the distribution of cyclic loads is facilitated by using a small set of descriptive statistics for which uncertainties can be estimated. The effects of loading parameter uncertainty can then be transferred to the fatigue life estimate and compared with other uncertainties, such as material durability. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Wind Energy Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Veers, PS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Wind Energy Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 1998 VL 120 IS 4 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1115/1.2888125 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 141ND UT WOS:000077149300001 ER PT J AU Andersen, AMK Norby, P Vogt, T AF Andersen, AMK Norby, P Vogt, T TI Determination of formation regions of titanium phosphates; determination of the crystal structure of beta-titanium phosphate, Ti(PO4)(H2PO4), from neutron powder data SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE; REFINEMENT AB The formation region of the various types of layered titanium hydrogen phosphate hydrates was investigated. The materials were prepared by hydrothermal methods, treating amorphous titanium phosphate with phosphoric acid (8 to 16 M) in the temperature range 175 to 250 degrees C, The materials obtained were: alpha-Ti(HPO4)(2) . H2O, gamma-Ti(PO4)(H2PO4) . 2H(2)O, and its anhydrous form beta-Ti(PO4)(H2PO4). The structure of beta-Ti(PO4) (H2PO4) has been determined by Rietveld powder refinement of high resolution neutron diffraction data. The structure is refined in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n (No. 14). The unit cell parameters are: a = 18.9503(4) Angstrom, b = 6.3127(1) Angstrom, c = 5.1391(1) Angstrom, beta = 105.366(2)degrees; Z = 4. The final agreement factors were: R-p = 2.9% and R-wp = 3.8%. The structure of beta-Ti(PO4)(H2PO4) is built from TiO6 octahedra linked together by tertiary phosphate (PO4) and dihydrogen phosphate ((OH)(2)PO2) tetrahedra. The layers are held together by hydrogen bonds. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Odense Univ, Dept Chem, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Andersen, AMK (reprint author), Odense Univ, Dept Chem, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. EM amka@gamma.dou.dk RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Norby, Poul/B-9047-2014 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Norby, Poul/0000-0002-2590-7050 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 140 IS 2 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1006/jssc.1998.7885 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 141AB UT WOS:000077119500012 ER PT J AU Baker, GA AF Baker, GA TI Ising-model, block-spin distributions by the Markov property method SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE scaling; Ising model; Markov property; critical phenomena; parallel computational procedures AB The idea that near the critical point each block of spins behaves just like a single big spin is investigated. the case where a diamond-shaped block of spins is embedded in a (small) sea of spins is studied. Use is made of the Markov properly method to make exact computations of the various spin moments needed to test this hypothesis. The residual fluctuation about the mean value of the block spin is seen to tend to a finite Fraction of the length of the mean block-spin. This result is in line with previous studies which used different types of boundary conditions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 93 IS 3-4 BP 573 EP 582 PG 10 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 155KU UT WOS:000077946500011 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL AF Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL TI Domain number distribution in the Nonequilibrium Ising model SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coarsening; kinetic Ising model; Potts model; scaling; persistence ID 2-DIMENSIONAL SOAP FROTH; DIMENSIONAL POTTS-MODEL; PHASE-SEPARATION MODEL; ZERO-TEMPERATURE; PERSISTENT SPINS; SOLUBLE MODEL; DIFFUSION; KINETICS; DYNAMICS; ANNIHILATION AB We study domain distributions in the one-dimensional Ising model subject to zero-temperature Glauber and Kawasaki dynamics. The survival probability of a domain, S(t) similar to t(-psi), and an unreacted domain, O-1(t) similar to t(-delta), are characterized by two independent nontrivial exponents. We develop an independent interval approximation that provides close estimates for many characteristics of the domain length and number distributions including the scaling exponents. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 93 IS 3-4 BP 583 EP 601 DI 10.1023/B:JOSS.0000033243.27556.99 PG 19 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 155KU UT WOS:000077946500012 ER PT J AU Yoo, SS Jennings, G Montano, PA AF Yoo, SS Jennings, G Montano, PA TI CdZnTe array detectors for synchrotron radiation applications SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE detectors; CdZnTe; arrays; photopeaks; pixels; Compton scattering ID CDTE PHOTOCONDUCTOR ARRAY; MBE GROWN CDTE; RAY; ASTRONOMY; ENERGY AB An X-ray linear-array detector was fabricated using high-pressure Bridgman-grown CdZnTe. The detector area was 175 x 800 mu m and the pitch size was 250 mu m. The measured dark current for the test 16-element detector was as low as 0.1 pA at 800 V cm(-1) with excellent uniformity. Energy spectra were measured using a Co-57 radiation source. Both a small-pixel effect and charge sharing were observed. For the arrays, an average 5.8% full width at half-maximum (FWHM) at the 122 keV photopeak was obtained with a standard deviation of 0.2%. A large-area detector (1 x 1 cm) of the same material before fabrication exhibited a low-energy tail at the photopeak, which limits the photopeak FWHM to 8%, typically due to hole trapping. At energies below 60 keV, charge sharing between elements was observed. The charge sharing was greatly reduced by providing a path to ground for unwanted charges. A prototype readout electronic system for an eight-channel array detector was developed. A readout system intended for a multielement solid-state detector system was also used. The array detector will be used for high-energy diffraction and Compton scattering measurements at the Advanced Photon Source. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yoo, SS (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Co, Rolling Meadows, IL 60067 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 5 BP 1332 EP 1336 DI 10.1107/S0909049598007237 PN 6 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 147ZX UT WOS:000077528700003 PM 16687845 ER PT J AU Yun, W Pratt, ST Miller, RM Cai, Z Hunter, DB Jarstfer, AG Kemner, KM Lai, B Lee, HR Legnini, DG Rodrigues, W Smith, CI AF Yun, W Pratt, ST Miller, RM Cai, Z Hunter, DB Jarstfer, AG Kemner, KM Lai, B Lee, HR Legnini, DG Rodrigues, W Smith, CI TI X-ray imaging and microspectroscopy of plants and fungi SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray microprobes; high spatial resolution; high sensitivity; elemental maps ID MANGANESE HYDROUS OXIDES; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION; STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY; INFORMATION; RESISTANCE; SOILS; MN; FE; CO AB X-ray fluorescence microscopy and microspectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution and unprecedented capabilities for the study of biological and environmental samples are reported. These new capabilities are a result of both the combination of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation and high-performance X-ray microfocusing optics and the intrinsic advantages of X-rays for elemental mapping and chemical-state imaging. In this paper, these capabilities are illustrated by experimental results on hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging and microspectroscopy of mycorrhizal plant roots and fungi in their natural hydrated state. The XRF microprobe is demonstrated by the simultaneous mapping of the elemental distributions of P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 x 3 mu m and with an elemental sensitivity of approximately 500 p.p.b. Microspectroscopy with the same spatial resolution is demonstrated by recording near-edge X-ray absorption (XANES) spectra of Mn at a concentration of approximately 3 p.p.m. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facilities Res Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. LeTourneau Univ, Longview, TX 75607 USA. RP Yun, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facilities Res Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 20 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 5 BP 1390 EP 1395 DI 10.1107/S0909049598007225 PN 6 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 147ZX UT WOS:000077528700011 PM 16687853 ER PT J AU Iskander, SK Milella, PP Pini, A Manneschmidt, ET AF Iskander, SK Milella, PP Pini, A Manneschmidt, ET TI Crack-arrest testing of irradiated nuclear reactor pressure vessel steels at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE crack-arrest toughness; shift of toughness curve; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) K-IR curve; ASME K-Ia curve; pressure vessel steels; reference temperature; RTNDT; effect of neutron irradiation on crack-arrest toughness AB Crack-arrest testing of nuclear pressure vessel steels has been conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for many years. Four methods have been used to initiate fast-running cracks in crack-arrest specimens: (1) the deposition of a brittle weld bead using hardfacing weld electrodes, (2) water quenching a chevron crack tip, (3) quenching the crack tip by discharging a large current into the crack tip region, and (4) the use of duplex specimens. A problem often encountered with Methods 1 and 4 is the control of the width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The HAZ is generally tough and can arrest crack propagation before it has run into the test section. Irradiated crack-arrest specimens were prepared using Methods 1, 3, and 4. Method 1 was the most successful, while Method 4 was the least successful. This paper will discuss some of the reasons for the success, or lack of, as well as the results of testing both a high-copper weldment and a low-copper forging in terms of the shift and shape of the K-a toughness curve compared to the Charpy V-notch shift. The present ASTM Test Method for Determining Plane-Strain Crack-Arrest Fracture Toughness, K-Ia, of Ferritic Steels (E 1221-88) validity criteria will also be discussed in light of the results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Agenzia Nazl Protezione Ambiente ANPA, Div Technol, I-00144 Rome, Italy. RP Iskander, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 26 IS 6 BP 546 EP 554 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 143VK UT WOS:000077277600004 ER PT J AU Bamberger, CE Specht, ED Anovitz, LM AF Bamberger, CE Specht, ED Anovitz, LM TI Compounds and solid solutions of cobalt, copper phosphates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Cobalt phosphates have been synthesized and their thermal behavior examined. The formation of compounds and solid solutions among cobalt and copper phosphates is studied by X-ray diffraction, Unlimited solubility exists between the pyrophosphates Co2P2O7 and Cu2P2O7, the orthophosphates Co-3(PO4)(2) and Cu-3(PO4)(2), and Co-3(PO4)(2) and Cu2P2O7. X-ray diffraction indicates that the structures of cobalt and copper pyrophosphate solid solutions vary gradually from one end member to the other, The structures of orthophosphate solid solutions vary in a more complex manner: the change is gradual from Co-3(PO4)(2) to Co2Cu(PO4)(2). At Co1.5Cu1.5(PO4)(2), a new structure (L) occurs, At 950 degrees C, CoCu2(PO4)(2) also exhibits this structure, which is similar to that of graftonite, Fe-3(PO4)(2). CoCu2(PO4)(2) is dimorphic, changing reversibly at 1000 degrees C to a triclinic structure (H) related to that of Cu-3(PO4)(2). From CoCu2(PO4)(2) (H) to Cu-3(PO4)(2), the structure appears to vary gradually. A new phosphate, Cu+Cu2+Co3(PO4)(3), has also been synthesized. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bamberger, CE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2799 EP 2804 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 137BV UT WOS:000076895000005 ER PT J AU Becher, PF Sun, EY Plucknett, KP Alexander, KB Hsueh, CH Lin, HT Waters, SB Westmoreland, CG Kang, ES Hirao, K Brito, ME AF Becher, PF Sun, EY Plucknett, KP Alexander, KB Hsueh, CH Lin, HT Waters, SB Westmoreland, CG Kang, ES Hirao, K Brito, ME TI Microstructural design of silicon nitride with improved fracture toughness: I, effects of grain shape and size SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WHISKER-REINFORCED ALUMINA; R-CURVE RESPONSE; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; STRESS TRANSFER; GROWTH; INTERFACES; BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH; FIBER AB The use of self-reinforcement by larger elongated grains in silicon nitride ceramics requires judicious control of the microstructure to achieve high steady-state toughness and high fracture strength. With a distinct bimodal distribution of grain diameters, such as that achieved by the addition of 2% rodlike seeds, the fracture resistance rapidly rises with crack extension to steady-state values of up to 10 MPa.m(1/2) and is accompanied by fracture strengths in excess of 1 GPa. When the generation of elongated reinforcing grains is not regulated, a broad grain diameter distribution is typically generated. While some toughening is achieved, both the plateau (steady-state) toughness and the R-curve response suffer, and the fracture strength undergoes a substantial reduction. Unreinforced equiaxed silicon nitride exhibits the least R-curve response with a steady-state toughness of only 3.5 MPa.m(1/2) coupled,vith a reduced fracture strength. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Agcy Def Dev, Taejon, South Korea. Natl Ind Res Inst Nagoya, Nagoya, Aichi 462, Japan. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 35 TC 249 Z9 256 U1 8 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2821 EP 2830 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 137BV UT WOS:000076895000008 ER PT J AU Sun, EY Becher, PF Plucknett, KP Hsueh, CH Alexander, KB Waters, SB Hirao, K Brito, ME AF Sun, EY Becher, PF Plucknett, KP Hsueh, CH Alexander, KB Waters, SB Hirao, K Brito, ME TI Microstructural design of silicon nitride with improved fracture toughness: II, effects of yttria and alumina additives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STRESSES; GRAIN-GROWTH; SIALON; COMPOSITES; WHISKERS; CERAMICS AB Significant improvements in the fracture resistance of self-reinforced silicon nitride ceramics have been obtained by tailoring the chemistry of the intergranular amorphous phase. First, the overall microstructure of the material was controlled by incorporation of a fixed amount of elongated beta-Si3N4 seeds into the starting powder to regulate the size and fraction of the large reinforcing grains. With controlled microstructures, the interfacial debond strength between the reinforcement and the intergranular glass was optimized by varying the yttria-to-alumina ratio in the sintering additives. It was found that the steady-state fracture toughness value of these silicon nitrides increased with the Y:Al ratio of the oxide additives. The increased toughness was accompanied by a steeply rising R-curve and extensive interfacial debonding between the elongated beta-Si3N4 grains and the intergranular glassy phase. Microstructural analyses indicate that the different fracture behavior is related to the Al (and O) content in the beta'-SiAlON growth layer formed on the elongated beta-Si3N4 grains during densification. The results imply that the interfacial bond strength is a function of the extent of Al and Si bonding with N and O in the adjoining phases with an abrupt structural/chemical interface achieved by reducing the Al concentration in both the intergranular phase and the beta'-SiAlON growth layer. Analytical modeling revealed that the residual thermal expansion mismatch stress is not a dominant influence on the interfacial fracture behavior when a distinct beta'-SiAlON growth layer forms, It is concluded that the fracture resistance of self-reinforced silicon nitrides can be improved by optimizing the sintering additives employed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Ind Res Inst Nagoya, Nagoya, Aichi 462, Japan. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 32 TC 164 Z9 167 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2831 EP 2840 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 137BV UT WOS:000076895000009 ER PT J AU Shoup, SS Paranthaman, M Goyal, A Specht, ED Lee, DF Kroeger, DM Beach, DB AF Shoup, SS Paranthaman, M Goyal, A Specht, ED Lee, DF Kroeger, DM Beach, DB TI Epitaxial thin film growth of lanthanum and neodymium-aluminate films on foil-textured nickel using a sol-gel method SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; YBA2CU3O7 AB As part of an effort to develop a new, non-vacuum-processed substrate for high current superconducting films, thin films of LaAlO3 and NdAlO3 were deposited on biaxially textured (100) nickel substrates using a solution deposition technique. On heating to 1150 degrees C in Ar-4% H-2 for 1 h, epitaxial films were obtained. Out-of-plane alignment was confirmed by obtaining rocking curves of the (002) plane of the LaAlO3 (full width at half-maximum (fwhm) = 7.2 degrees) and the NdAlO3 (fwhm = 5.8 degrees) films, Inplane alignment was demonstrated by obtaining phi scans of the (110) plane of the LaAlO3 (fwhm = 13.4 degrees) and the NdAlO3 (fwhm = 8.8 degrees) films. Grain alignment in the films is approximately equivalent to the alignment of the Ni substrate. Analysis of pole figures indicated that in both films there are two in-plane orientations present, the major being (001)[100] and the minor (001)[110]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shoup, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 81 IS 11 BP 3019 EP 3021 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 137BV UT WOS:000076895000037 ER PT J AU Liu, CT Wu, JK AF Liu, CT Wu, JK TI Materials science and engineering - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE INST ENGINEERS PI TAIPEI PA #1, 4TH FL, SEC 2, JEN-AI RD, TAIPEI 10019, TAIWAN SN 0253-3839 J9 J CHIN INST ENG JI J. Chin. Inst. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 21 IS 6 BP I EP I PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 142WW UT WOS:000077224200001 ER PT J AU Nieh, TG Wadsworth, J AF Nieh, TG Wadsworth, J TI Fine-structure superplasticity in materials SO JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS LA English DT Review DE microstructure; grain size; grain boundary sliding; forming; strain rate ID TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA POLYCRYSTAL; HIGH-STRAIN RATES; LOW-TEMPERATURE SUPERPLASTICITY; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CHANNEL-ANGULAR-EXTRUSION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY PHASES; AL-LI ALLOYS; TENSILE DUCTILITY; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Superplastic forming is a viable net-shape forming technology. It is an attractive manufacturing technique because it bypasses machining, joining and riveting, and reduces material waste. This paper reviews the history and progress in the field of superplasticity. Fundamental understandings, such as microstructural prerequisites and deformation mechanisms, and technological applications for superplasticity are discussed. A wide range of structural materials, including metals, intermetallics, and ceramics are presented. Some of the most recent advances, for example, high strain rate superplasticity, low temperature superplasticity, and the development of ultrafine-grained materials for superplasticity are also described. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-353,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 201 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU CHINESE INST ENGINEERS PI TAIPEI PA #1, 4TH FL, SEC 2, JEN-AI RD, TAIPEI 10019, TAIWAN SN 0253-3839 EI 2158-7299 J9 J CHIN INST ENG JI J. Chin. Inst. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 21 IS 6 BP 659 EP 689 DI 10.1080/02533839.1998.9670427 PG 31 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 142WW UT WOS:000077224200004 ER PT J AU Ta, KP Newman, J AF Ta, KP Newman, J TI Mass transfer and kinetic phenomena at the nickel hydroxide electrode SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROTON DIFFUSION; FILMS AB Thin-film (10 to 40 nm thickness) nickel hydroxide intercalation electrodes were constructed using an electroprecipitation technique. Cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic step, and galvanostatic discharge experiments were performed and interpreted in terms of a macroscopic model treating the simultaneous mass transfer, kinetic, and thermodynamic phenomena occurring within the cell. The side reaction, oxygen evolution, exhibited irreversible Tafel behavior, with a proton concentration-dependent exchange current density of 4.5 x 10(-9) [(c(0) - c)/c(0)] A/cm(2) on pure nickel hydroxide films, and a constant exchange current density of 4.5 x 10(-9) A/cm(2) on cobalt hydroxide-containing nickel hydroxide films. The apparent anodic transfer coefficient for the oxygen reaction is 0.49 on pure nickel hydroxide films and 0.42 on cobalt hydroxide-containing nickel hydroxide films. The intercalation reaction is described with a Butler-Volmer-type expression with a large, proton concentration-dependent exchange current density of 9.5 x 10(-2) [c(c(0) - c)](1/2) A/cm(2), and anodic and cathodic apparent transfer coefficients of 0.5 for both electrode types. Here c and c(0) have units of mol/cm(3). The proton diffusion coefficient in pure nickel hydroxide was found to depend on the proton concentration, with values ranging from 1.2 x 10(-13) to 1.9 x 10(-12) cm(2)/s with a concentration-averaged value of 3.417 x 10(-13) cm(2)/s. In cobalt hydroxide-containing nickel hydroxide, the values ranged from 2 x 10(-13) to 1.9 x 10(-12) cm(2)/s, with a concentration-averaged value of 8.402 x 10(-13) cm(2)/s. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ta, KP (reprint author), IBM Corp, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 145 IS 11 BP 3860 EP 3874 DI 10.1149/1.1838886 PG 15 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 132FX UT WOS:000076620600026 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Wang, W Liu, C Rosakis, AJ AF Huang, Y Wang, W Liu, C Rosakis, AJ TI Intersonic crack growth in bimaterial interfaces: An investigation of crack face contact SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE intersonic crack growth; bimaterial interface; crack face contact ID NEAR-TIP FIELDS; MECHANICS AB Steady-state intersonic interfacial crack growth accounting for crack face contact is analyzed. The results clearly predict the essential features of experimental observations based on two different but complementary optical techniques and high speed photography. The solution features a large scale contact zone and two distinct traveling shock waves, one emanating from the crack tip and the other from the end of the contact zone. In addition, the solution predicts a non-zero energy dissipation rate due to crack face contact. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CASE Tech Ctr, Dept Engn Anal, Burr Ridge, IL 60521 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD NOV PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 2233 EP 2259 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(98)00003-9 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 145YC UT WOS:000077399000003 ER PT J AU Miyahara, S Troyer, M Johnston, DC Ueda, K AF Miyahara, S Troyer, M Johnston, DC Ueda, K TI Quantum Monte Carlo simulation of the trellis lattice Heisenberg model for SrCu2O3 and CaV2O5 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE spin gap; spin ladder; trellis lattice; Heisenberg antiferromagnet; SrCu2O3; CaV2O5; quantum Monte Carlo; scaling ID SPIN GAP; LADDER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ALGORITHM; LACUO2.5 AB We study the spin-1/2 trellis lattice Heisenberg model, a coupled spin ladder system, both by perturbation around the dimer limit and by quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We discuss the influence of the inter-ladder coupling on the spin gap and the dispersion, and present results for the temperature dependence of the uniform susceptibility. The latter was found to be parameterized well by a mean-field type scaling ansatz. Finally we discuss fits of experimental measurements on SrCu2O3 and CaV2O5 to our results. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1068666, Japan. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Miyahara, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Minato Ku, Roppongi 7-22-1, Tokyo 1068666, Japan. RI Troyer, Matthias/B-7826-2008 OI Troyer, Matthias/0000-0002-1469-9444 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 67 IS 11 BP 3918 EP 3923 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.67.3918 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 145HJ UT WOS:000077364800046 ER PT J AU Woodworth, JR Nichols, CA Hamilton, TW AF Woodworth, JR Nichols, CA Hamilton, TW TI Positive ion species in high-density discharges containing chlorine and boron-trichloride SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; RADIO-FREQUENCY DISCHARGES; RF REFERENCE CELL; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENERGY AB We have used a quadrupole mass spectrometer to measure the positive ion species striking the wafer in a high-density plasma processing discharge containing chlorine and boron-trichloride. Since the relative transmission of our mass spectrometer versus ion mass is known, we are able to report the relative concentrations of the ion species striking the wafer. Our measurements were made in an inductively coupled Gaseous Electronics Conference Reference Cell operating at pressures between 15 and 50 mTorr and at electron densities up to 10(11)/cm(3). The ion spectrum in these discharges is normally dominated by Cl+, Cl-2(+), BCL2+, and etch products. However, reactor wall or wafer surface conditions can strongly affect the ion species in the discharge. When a stainless steel "wafer" was replaced with a bare Si wafer, the dominant chlorine ion changed from Cl+ to Cl-2(+). A bare aluminum wafer strongly quenched both Cl+ and Cl-2(+) signals. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(98)01906-X]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Woodworth, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3235 EP 3239 DI 10.1116/1.581528 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 139HZ UT WOS:000077023700012 ER PT J AU Miller, PA Hebner, GA Jarecki, RL Ni, T AF Miller, PA Hebner, GA Jarecki, RL Ni, T TI Optical self-absorption technique for qualitative measurement of excited-state densities in plasma reactors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE CELL AB Measurements of excited-state populations in processing plasmas can be useful because those populations often are indicators of, or participants in, chemical reactions. An optical self-absorption technique has been used to measure the relative densities of species in long-lived excited states in high-density plasma reactors. The technique is advantageous because it is simple and inexpensive compared to many laboratory diagnostic techniques, and thus it has potential for industrial manufacturing applications. The technique is useful when absorption strength and wavelength are in acceptable ranges. This paper describes the technique, compares its performance to a more sophisticated laser-absorption technique, and presents self-absorption data from a laboratory reactor and from a 300 mm production-prototype reactor. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(98)06106-5]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lam Res Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. RP Miller, PA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pamille@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3240 EP 3246 DI 10.1116/1.581529 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 139HZ UT WOS:000077023700013 ER PT J AU Vyvoda, MA Lee, H Malyshev, MV Klemens, FP Cerullo, M Donnelly, VM Graves, DB Kornblit, A Lee, JTC AF Vyvoda, MA Lee, H Malyshev, MV Klemens, FP Cerullo, M Donnelly, VM Graves, DB Kornblit, A Lee, JTC TI Effects of plasma conditions on the shapes of features etched in Cl-2 and HBr plasmas. I. Bulk crystalline silicon etching SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; ASPECT-RATIO; POLYSILICON; UNIFORMITY; EVOLUTION; HELICON; RATES AB We have studied the effects of source and bias powers, pressure, and feed gas composition on the shapes of SiO2-masked crystalline silicon features etched in a transformer-coupled high density plasma system. Higher etching rates were obtained at higher source and bias powers, and higher pressure. The etching rates of isolated and nested trenches, isolated lines, and holes were nearly the same, indicating a negligible pattern density dependence. We did, however, observe a very weak decrease in etch rates with increasing aspect ratio at 2 mTorr in a pure Cl-2 plasma. At 10 mTorr, no aspect ratio dependence was observed, except at the highest source and bias powers. Microtrenching was observed under certain plasma conditions and could be reduced by using higher bias powers. At; 10 mTorr in a pure chlorine plasma, we observed a slight taper at the bottoms of the etched features and the formation of narrow microtrenches near feature corners. At 2 mTorr, the microtrenches were broader and overlapped near the center of narrow trenches to form pyramid-shaped trench bottoms. When a HBr plasma was used instead of Cl-2, the etching rate decreased by 50% but the etching profiles were more vertical and the trench bottoms were flat. Isolated lines etched in the HBr plasma, however, revealed; broad but shallow microtrenches near the edges of the line, suggesting that the flat trench bottoms were a result of broad microtrenches that overlapped. Trenches of 3 mu m depth and aspect ratios of 7 have been obtained using either HBr or Cl-2, exhibiting similar microfeatures as observed when etching shallower trenches. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(98)02906-6]. C1 Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Vyvoda, MA (reprint author), Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3247 EP 3258 DI 10.1116/1.581530 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 139HZ UT WOS:000077023700014 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Klemmer, TJ Barnard, JA Payzant, EA AF Jiang, H Klemmer, TJ Barnard, JA Payzant, EA TI Epitaxial growth of Cu on Si by magnetron sputtering SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FILMS; METALLIZATION; DEPOSITION; HYDROGEN; CU(001); SI(100) AB Epitaxial Cu films were grown on H-terminated Si(100), Si(110) and Si(111) substrates by magnetron sputtering. The epitaxial orientation relationships and microstructural characteristics of the Cu films were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD) including the conventional theta-2 theta mode, rocking curve and pole figures, as well as by transmission electron microscopy. The results of both pole figure and electron diffraction reveal the epitaxial orientation relationship of the Cu/Si epitaxial system is as follows: Cu(100)/Si(100) with Cu[010]//Si[011]; Cu(111)//Si(110) with Cu[(1) over bar 10]//Si[001] and Cu[110]//Si[001] which are twin related; and for the Cu/Si(111) system the Cu film grows primarily in the epitaxial relationship of Cu(111)/Si(111) with Cu[1 (1) over bar 0]//Si[(2) over bar 11]. It is shown by XRD that Si(110) is a more favorable substrate than Si(111) for the epitaxial growth of Cu(111). An ultrathin Cu(111) film (up to 2.5 nm) with high epitaxial quality can be grown on Si(110). The epitaxial relationships of the Cu/Si are discussed on the basis of geometrical lattice matching, including the invariant-line criterion and the superlattice area mismatch rule. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101 (98)04306-1]. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 24 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3376 EP 3383 DI 10.1116/1.581489 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 139HZ UT WOS:000077023700032 ER PT J AU Nichols, CA Woodworth, JR Hamilton, TW AF Nichols, CA Woodworth, JR Hamilton, TW TI Ion energy distribution functions in inductively coupled radio-frequency discharges - Mixtures of Cl-2/BCl3/Ar SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID RF REFERENCE CELL; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; PLASMA; BOMBARDMENT; CHLORINE; ARGON; DYNAMICS AB We have used a gridded energy analyzer to measure positive ion energy distributions and fluxes at the grounded electrode of a high-density rf discharge. We present details of ion energies and fluxes in discharges containing mixtures of chlorine, boron trichloride and argon. These feedstock mixtures have been used extensively in the patterning of metal films for semiconductor interconnects. Our experiments were carried out in a Gaseous Electronics Conference Reference Cell which had been modified to produce inductively coupled discharges. The 15-cm-diam bottom electrode was grounded for these experiments. Stainless steel, anodized aluminum, and silicon were used as bottom electrode materials to understand the effects of various chamber boundary conditions on the ion energy parameters. In most cases, the ion energy distributions had-a single peak, well separated from zero energy with a 1.0-3.0 eV full width at half maximum. These peaks were typically centered at 12-16 eV, with ion energy increasing as pressure decreased. Addition of BCI3 to a CI2 discharge resulted in a reduction of total ion flux of more than a factor of 2, e.g., from 5 to 2.5 mA/cm(2) (20 mTorr, 200 W). The ion fluxes decreased with increasing pressures in BCI3/CI2 mixtures, while increasing with pressure in pure CI2 discharges. Addition of Ar to several mixtures of BCI3/CI2 changed the ion fluxes and mean ion energies by less than 15%. At high pressures or low inductive rf powers, the distributions can split into two overlapping peaks separated by as much as 8 eV. This splitting is indicative of capacitive coupling between the rf coil and the discharge. Insertion of a Faraday shield between the coil and the discharge removed most of the splitting. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(98)01806-5]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nichols, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrwoodw@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3389 EP 3395 DI 10.1116/1.581491 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 139HZ UT WOS:000077023700034 ER PT J AU Niemczyk, TM Zhang, LZ Haaland, DM Radigan, KJ AF Niemczyk, TM Zhang, LZ Haaland, DM Radigan, KJ TI Quantitative determination of dielectric thin-film properties on product wafers using infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID BOROPHOSPHOSILICATE GLASS-FILMS; PHOSPHOSILICATE GLASS; SILICON-WAFERS AB Process monitoring of-borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) dielectric thin films used in the manufacture of microelectronic devices is currently performed using multivariate calibration models developed from transmission infrared (IR) spectra of the films deposited on undoped monitor Si wafers. It would more be desirable to monitor the BPSG deposition on the actual product or device wafers. Because product wafers are opaque in the IR, reflection rather than transmission spectroscopy must be used to monitor the BPSG films deposited on product wafers. In this article, we demonstrate, for the first time, that TR reflection spectra of product wafers can be used to monitor the boron and phosphorus contents of the film and the film thickness to a precision that is comparable to that found for IR analysis of BPSG deposited on monitor wafers. The cross-validated standard errors of prediction of 0.11 wt %, 0.11 wt %, and 3 nm for B, P, and thickness, respectively, were achieved using multivariate-partial least squares (PLS) models applied to the IR reflectance spectra obtained from reference product wafers. The prediction abilities were found to be independent of the position of the infrared spectrum on a given device and independent of which devices of the same structure were examined. The multivariate calibration models could be used to predict the B and P contents and film thickness of BPSG on device structures of different types and even for devices of different feature sizes if the PLS models were adjusted for slope and intercept differences. Therefore, the time and expense of generating calibrations for new device structures can be greatly reduced by the use of a small number of reference samples of the new devices to estimate the required slope and intercept adjustments for the models. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(98)03106-6]. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. RP Niemczyk, TM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3490 EP 3494 DI 10.1116/1.581508 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 139HZ UT WOS:000077023700051 ER PT J AU Caine, EJ Miller, SD AF Caine, EJ Miller, SD TI Optical data storage in LiF using electron beam encoding SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID COLOR-CENTERS; CAPACITY; FILMS; MEDIA AB Electron beam generated color centers in LiF are presented as the basis for a new optical data storage scheme. Data are ''read'' with a confocal microscope. The alkali halide medium is capable of gray scale and multilevel or volumetric storage demonstrating a thermally stable coloration. This initial investigation shows that data can be resolved to less than 0.25 mu resolution with at least three orders of magnitude data scaling. An assessment is made for future work. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(98)12206-0]. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Nanofabricat Users Network, Nanotech, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Caine, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Nanofabricat Users Network, Nanotech, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3232 EP 3236 DI 10.1116/1.590357 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300059 ER PT J AU Schenkel, T Schneider, M Hattass, M Newman, MW Barnes, AV Hamza, AV Schneider, DH Cicero, RL Chidsey, CED AF Schenkel, T Schneider, M Hattass, M Newman, MW Barnes, AV Hamza, AV Schneider, DH Cicero, RL Chidsey, CED TI Electronic desorption of alkyl monolayers from silicon by very highly charged ions SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID ENERGY-LOSS; STATE IONS; SLOW; EMISSION; SURFACES; TRAP; IMPACT; SOLIDS AB Self-assembled alkyl monolayers on Si (111) were exposed to low doses of slow (upsilon approximate to 6.6 x 10(5) m/s approximate to 0.3 upsilon(Bohr)) , highly charged ions, like Xe41+ and Th73+. Atomic force microscope images show craters from single ion impacts with diameters of 50-63 nm. Emission of secondary ions by highly charged projectiles was monitored by time-of-flight secondary ion mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). TOF-SIMS data give insights into the dependence of electronic desorption effects on the projectile charge state. We discuss the potential of highly charged projectiles as tools for materials modification on a nanometer scale. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(98)13306-1]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3298 EP 3300 DI 10.1116/1.590372 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300071 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Gough, RA Leung, KN Vujic, J Williams, MD Zahir, N Fallman, W Tockler, M Bruenger, W AF Lee, Y Gough, RA Leung, KN Vujic, J Williams, MD Zahir, N Fallman, W Tockler, M Bruenger, W TI Plasma source for ion and electron beam lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID ENERGY AB A new plasma source configuration, coaxial source, has been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory suitable for ion and electron beam lithography applications. The: axial ion energy spread and electron temperature of the multicusp ion source have been reduced considerably from 2 and 0.3 eV to a record low of 0.6 eV by employing a coaxial source arrangement. Results of ion projection lithographic exposure at the Fraunhofer Institute demonstrate that feature size less than 65 nm can be achieved by using a filter-equipped multicusp ion source. Langmuir probe measurements also show that very low energy spread electron beams can be obtained with the multicusp plasma generator. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Vienna, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. Fraunhofer Inst, Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3367 EP 3369 DI 10.1116/1.590460 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300084 ER PT J AU Jeong, ST Idir, M Lin, Y Johnson, L Rekawa, S Jones, M Denham, P Batson, P Levesque, R Kearney, P Yan, PY Gullikson, E Underwood, JH Bokor, J AF Jeong, ST Idir, M Lin, Y Johnson, L Rekawa, S Jones, M Denham, P Batson, P Levesque, R Kearney, P Yan, PY Gullikson, E Underwood, JH Bokor, J TI At-wavelength detection of extreme ultraviolet lithography mask blank defects SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AB We report the design and operation of an at-wavelength system for extreme ultraviolet lithography mask blank defect detection. Initial results demonstrate sensitivity to submicron size phase defects. The performance of the system is compared with the practical requirements for a mask blank inspection system in terms of the sensitivity and scanning time. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. Univ Paris Sud, Lab Utilisat Rayonnement Electromagnet, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Jeong, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Johnson, Lewis/G-1519-2013; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3430 EP 3434 DI 10.1116/1.590473 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300097 ER PT J AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Lee, S Bresloff, C Henderson, C Attwood, D Bokor, J AF Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Lee, S Bresloff, C Henderson, C Attwood, D Bokor, J TI High-accuracy interferometry of extreme ultraviolet lithographic optical systems SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID SCHWARZSCHILD AB Recent improvements in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic imaging with Schwarzschild objectives have come as a direct result of at-wavelength interferometric characterization with the phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer. High accuracy system wave front characterization has led to the determination of the best Schwarzschild objective and subaperture configuration. These investigations and the results of imaging experiments are discussed. Two pinhole null tests have provided an in situ method of demonstrating reference wavefront accuracy of similar to lambda(EUV)/300. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KAGoldberg@lbl.gov RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3435 EP 3439 DI 10.1116/1.590498 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300098 ER PT J AU Gianoulakis, SE Ray-Chaudhuri, AK AF Gianoulakis, SE Ray-Chaudhuri, AK TI Thermal-mechanical performance of extreme ultraviolet lithographic reticles SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AB Thermal deformation of reticles will likely become an important consideration for all advanced lithography techniques targeting 130 nm features and below. Such effects can contribute to image placement errors and blur. These issues necessitate the need to quantify the reticle distortion, induced by the absorption of illumination power, for candidate substrate and coating materials. To study the impact of various substrate and coating materials on reticle performance, detailed three-dimensional transient thermal and solid mechanical models have been developed and extensively applied to predict total placement errors, residual placement errors, and blur on an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) reticle during scanning. The thermal model includes a bidirectional scanning heat source representative of the illumination incident on the reticle. The heat loads on the reticle are characteristic of an EUVL engineering test stand with a wafer throughput of twenty 200 mm wafers per hour (assuming 80% die coverage and 68% exposure time). This article includes the results which describe the impact of (1) different substrate materials, (2) various degrees of contact conductance between the reticle and chuck, (3) pattern density and arrangement, and (4) temperature variations across the chuck. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gianoulakis, SE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3440 EP 3443 DI 10.1116/1.590474 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300099 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, RA Ma, Q Lai, B Mancini, DC AF Rosenberg, RA Ma, Q Lai, B Mancini, DC TI Surface photochemistry induced by x-ray irradiation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; POWDERS AB The high-intensity, high-energy x rays produced by third-generation synchrotron radiation sources have made possible many new applications, such as deep x-ray lithography, that take advantage of the long penetration lengths of the x rays in lower-Z materials. Recently, we have initiated a program to evaluate the prospects for using x rays for materials processing by performing surface photochemistry induced by x-ray irradiation (SPIXI). The x rays induce reactions on the surfaces of solids immersed in potentially reactive liquids or gases. In this article we present results that demonstrate the feasibility of the SPIXI approach for both etching and deposition. Using a fluorochlorocarbon-based solvent and a Mo substrate we find indications of an etching-type reaction. Au and Ag films and nanocrystalline particles were produced from the irradiation of a Mo substrate immersed in their respective salt solutions. A Au film was also deposited on Kapton by back irradiation. These preliminary results indicate that this approach has great potential for room-temperature, atmospheric, patterned, materials processing. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(98)06706-7]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rosenberg, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3535 EP 3538 DI 10.1116/1.590491 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300117 ER PT J AU De Carlo, F Song, JJ Mancini, DC AF De Carlo, F Song, JJ Mancini, DC TI Enhanced adhesion buffer layer for deep x-ray lithography using hard x rays SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LITHOGRAPHY AB The first step in the fabrication of microstructures using deep x-ray lithography (DXRL) is the irradiation of an x-ray sensitive resist like polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) by hard x rays. At the Advanced Photon Source, a dedicated beamline allows the proper exposure of very thick (several mm) resists. To fabricate electroformed metal microstructures with heights of several mm, a PMMA sheet is glued onto a metallic plating base. An important requirement is that the PMMA layer must adhere well to the plating base. The adhesion is greatly reduced by the penetration of even a small fraction of hard x rays through the mask absorber into the substrate. In this work we will show a novel technique to improve the adhesion of PMMA onto high-Z substrates for DXRL. Results of the improved adhesion are shown for different exposure/substrate conditions. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(98)17106-8]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XFD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP De Carlo, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XFD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3539 EP 3542 DI 10.1116/1.590492 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300118 ER PT J AU Coane, P Giasolli, R De Caro, F Mancini, DC Desta, Y Gottert, J AF Coane, P Giasolli, R De Caro, F Mancini, DC Desta, Y Gottert, J TI Graphite-based x-ray masks for deep and ultradeep x-ray lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL ID EXPOSURE AB The cost-effective fabrication of high-aspect-ratio microstructures using x rays largely depends on the availability and quality of x-ray masks. The architecture of a mask is mainly determined by the photon energy of the synchrotron source, the x-ray flux, and the thickness of the resist. Typically, the mask membrane is made from a low-atomic-number material and can either be a frame-supported, several microns thin membrane (carbon, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or silicon) or a bulk material (beryllium) with a thickness of up to 1 mm. The absorber pattern is formed from high atomic number materials such as gold, tungsten, or tantalum, and the final pattern geometry can be defined either with additive (electroplating) or subtractive (etching, milling) processes. One approach that is designed to reduce cost and turn-around time is the-fabrication of x-ray masks using graphite sheet stock for the mask membrane. Rigid graphite offers unique properties, such as moderate x-ray transmission, relatively low cost, and the ability to be used with either subtractive or additive processes. This article will report details on the lithographic fabrication of graphite x-ray masks using intermediate x-ray masks for pattern transfer. First experimental results will be presented for Synchrotron x-ray exposures performed at the Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices synchrotron in Baton Rouge and the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(98)09606-1]. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facilit Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ANKA Project Grp, PEA, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM pcoane@engr.latech.edu NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3618 EP 3624 DI 10.1116/1.590315 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300134 ER PT J AU Rao, V Hutchinson, J Holl, S Langston, J Henderson, C Wheeler, DR Cardinale, G O'Connell, D Goldsmith, J Bohland, J Taylor, G Sinta, R AF Rao, V Hutchinson, J Holl, S Langston, J Henderson, C Wheeler, DR Cardinale, G O'Connell, D Goldsmith, J Bohland, J Taylor, G Sinta, R TI Top surface imaging process and materials development for 193 nm and extreme ultraviolet lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID NANO EDGE ROUGHNESS; RESIST PATTERNS AB The maturity and acceptance of top surface imaging (TSI) technology have been hampered by several factors including inadequate resist sensitivity and line edge roughness. We have found that the use of a chemically amplified resist can improve the sensitivity in these systems by 1.5-2x without compromising the Line edge roughness. In addition, we have shown improved line edge roughness by increasing the molecular weight of the polymeric resin in the resist. Using these materials approaches, we have been able to show excellent resolution images with the TSI-process for both 193 nm and extreme ultraviolet (13.4 nm) patterning: (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(98)17006-3]. C1 Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Shipley Co, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. RP Rao, V (reprint author), Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3722 EP 3725 DI 10.1116/1.590397 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300153 ER PT J AU Dentinger, PM Taylor, JW AF Dentinger, PM Taylor, JW TI Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study of the kinetics of acid-catalyzed negative-tone resists based on hexamethoxymethylmelamine and phenolic resins SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED RESISTS; ORGANIC COATINGS; MECHANISM; DIFFUSION AB The kinetics of the acid-catalyzed reaction in the novolac-based, negative-tone resist SAL 605 (Shipley Co.) and similar formulations were studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with an in situ hot plate. Real-time measurements of the reaction kinetics were made in a matrix identical to the lithographic conditions and without interference from the development step. The reaction order in the acid concentration was measured to be 1.2 +/- 0.15 at 113 degrees C, and the overall activation energy was measured to be 113 +/- 11 kJ/mol for SAL 605. A kinetic model was explored to explain the observed results. The model invoked the general acid catalysis shown in a prior publication [P. M. Dentinger, K. G. Knapp, G. W. Reynolds, J. W. Taylor, T. H. Fedynyshyn, and T. A. Richardson, Proc. SPIE 3331, 568 (1998)], and that the rate constant for the first link of a hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) was significantly greater than the rate constant for a second link. This model can be simplified to aid in chemically amplified resist modeling efforts and all parameters may be determined experimentally under similar conditions as the lithography and without interference from the dissolution process. A direct comparison of novolac-based and poly(4-hydroxy)styrene (PHS)-based negative resist formulations showed that the reaction rate was slightly faster for the PHS resin near lithographic bake times. The PHS system also appeared more able to form additional Links per HMMM than novolac. However, a difference in dose to print between similar formulations of the two phenolic resins appears to arise largely from a reaction of the resin/HMMM matrix to the developer and is only a small function of the postexposure bake kinetics. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(98)08306-1]. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Xray Lithog, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. RP Dentinger, PM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3759 EP 3766 DI 10.1116/1.590403 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300161 ER PT J AU Dentinger, PM Lu, B Taylor, JW Bukofsky, SJ Feke, GD Hessman, D Grober, RD AF Dentinger, PM Lu, B Taylor, JW Bukofsky, SJ Feke, GD Hessman, D Grober, RD TI On-wafer photoacid determination and imaging technique for chemically amplified photoresists SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL ID ACID DIFFUSION; RESIST AB A fundamental task of chemically amplified photoresists is to record the incident radiation by generating catalyst concentration gradients within the film. In many resists, the catalyst is a strong Bronsted acid which yields a latent image of pH within the exposed film. A number of mechanistic questions remain about acid generator efficiency and its mobility once generated and heated. We have developed a technique in which a pH-dependent fluorophore is incorporated into the resist (an undyed version of SAL 605 from the Shipley Company and similar formulations). The localized acid concentrations generated by exposure to x-rays are analyzed and imaged using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. Initial experiments, the spectroscopic apparatus, and initial far-field imaging are reported elsewhere [S. J. Bukofsky, G. D. Feke, Q. Wu, R. D. Grober, P. M. Dentinger, and J. W. Taylor, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3 (1998)]. In this article, several fluorophores are evaluated, and various criteria for successful imaging within the photoresist matrix are established. These criteria include pK(a) of the fluorophore, photostability, and functional groups that-affect the performance of the acid within the film. The technique is used to show the relative efficiency of two photoacid generators in otherwise identical matrices, and the method has the potential for rapid photogenerated acid yield determination among a variety of photoacid generators. This technique can be used in thin imaging films and, due to the low level of fluorophore required (0.01-0.1 wt. %), for photoacid yield determination in optical photoresists without significantly altering the absorbance characteristics of the film. Initial near-field scanning optical microscopy images are shown and the potential of the technique for several lithographic applications, including measurement of the actual spread of the acid distribution during postexposure bake, is discussed. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(98)08406-6]. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Xray Lithog, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Dentinger, PM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jwtaylor@xraylith.wisc.edu NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3767 EP 3772 DI 10.1116/1.590404 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300162 ER PT J AU Wendt, JR Simmons, JA Moon, JS Blount, MA Baca, WE Reno, JL AF Wendt, JR Simmons, JA Moon, JS Blount, MA Baca, WE Reno, JL TI Double electron layer tunneling transistors by dual-side electron beam lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SYSTEMS AB We describe the first demonstration of small-area double electron layer tunneling transistors (DELTTs) fabricated by dual-side electron beam lithography. The DELTT is a planar quantum device which operates by modulating the two-dimensional (2D)-to-2D tunneling between two coupled quantum wells. The fabrication technique utilizes the epoxy-bond and stop-etch process to remove the substrate material which allows the backside gates to be placed in close proximity (less than 1 mu m) to the frontside gates. The use of electron beam lithography provides precise alignment of the front and back features to each other. We have applied this technique to the fabrication of DELTTs on coupled AlGaAs/GaAs double quantum wells. Low temperature electrical characterization yields source-drain current-voltage curves that exhibit negative differential resistance with peak-to-valley ratios of up to 8:1. The height and position of the resonant peak varies strongly with gate bias, demonstrating transistor action. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(98)04406-0]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wendt, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrwendt@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3808 EP 3811 DI 10.1116/1.590413 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300170 ER PT J AU van Beek, JTM Fleming, RC Hindle, PS Prentiss, JD Schattenburg, ML Ritzau, S AF van Beek, JTM Fleming, RC Hindle, PS Prentiss, JD Schattenburg, ML Ritzau, S TI Nanoscale freestanding gratings for ultraviolet blocking filters SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID TRANSMISSION GRATINGS; FABRICATION AB Ultraviolet (UV) blocking filters are needed for atomic flux imaging in environments where high levels of ultraviolet radiation are present. Freestanding gratings are a promising candidate for UV filtering. They have a high aspect ratio (similar to 13), narrow (similar to 40 nm) slots, and effectively block UV radiation. The grating fabrication process makes use of several etching, electroplating, and lithographic steps and includes an optional step to plug pinholes induced by particles during processing. Gratings were-successfully manufactured and tested. Measured UV transmissions of similar to 10(-5) and particle transmissions of similar to 10% are in agreement with theoretical predictions. (C) 1998 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(98)03806-2]. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP van Beek, JTM (reprint author), Philips Res Labs, Prof Holstlaan 4, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven, Netherlands. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 16 IS 6 BP 3911 EP 3916 DI 10.1116/1.590434 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 148QA UT WOS:000077542300192 ER PT J AU Semina, EV Altherr, MR Murray, JC AF Semina, EV Altherr, MR Murray, JC TI Cloning and chromosomal localization of two novel human genes encoding LIM-domain binding factors CLIM1 and CLIM2/LDB1/NLI SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID INTERSTITIAL DELETION 4P15; HOMEOBOX GENE; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION; REQUIREMENT; INTERACTOR; LINKAGE; OTX; DNA C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Biol Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Genomics Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murray, JC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, 200 Hawkins Dr,W229-1 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 IS 11 BP 921 EP 924 DI 10.1007/s003359900899 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 132QZ UT WOS:000076642200017 PM 9799849 ER PT J AU McLuckey, SA Stephenson, JL AF McLuckey, SA Stephenson, JL TI Ion ion chemistry of high-mass multiply charged ions SO MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE electrospray; multiple charged ions; ion ion reactions; ion chemistry ID PROTON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; INFRARED RADIATIVE DISSOCIATION; PHASE ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CYTOCHROME-C IONS; GAS-PHASE; MOLECULE REACTIONS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ANIONS; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; ION/ION REACTIONS AB Electrospray ionization has enabled the establishment of a new area of ion chemistry research based on the study of the reactions of high-mass multiply charged ions with ions of opposite polarity. The multiple-charging phenomenon associated with electrospray makes possible the generation of multiply charged reactant ions that yield charged products as a result of partial neutralization due to ion/ion chemistry. The charged products can be readily studied with mass spectrometric methods, providing useful insights into reaction mechanisms. This review presents the research done in this area, all of which has been performed within the past decade. Ion/ion chemistry has been studied at near-atmospheric pressure in a reaction region that leads to the atmospheric/vacuum interface of a mass spectrometer, and within a quadrupole ion trap operated with a bath gas at a pressure of 1 mtorr. Proton transfer has been the most common reaction type for high-mass ions, but other forms of "charge transfer," such as electron transfer and fluoride transfer, have also been observed. For some ion/ion reactions, attachment of the two reactants has been observed. Multiply charged ion/ion reactions are fast, due to the long-range Coulombic attraction, and they are universal in that any pair of oppositely charged ions is expected to react due to the high exothermicity associated with mutual neutralization. The kinetics of reaction for multiply charged ions, derived from the same molecule with a given singly charged reactant ion, follow a charge-squared dependence, at least under normal quadrupole ion trap conditions. This dependence suggests that reaction rates are determined by the long-range Coulomb attraction, and that the ions react with constant efficiency as a function of charge state. In the case of proton transfer reactions from polypeptides to even-electron perfluorocarbon anions, no fragmentation of the polypeptide product ions has, as yet, been observed. Electron transfer from small oligonucleotide anions to rare gas cations, on the other hand, results in extensive fragmentation of the nucleic acid product ions. The extent of fragmentation decreases as the size of the oligonucleotide anions increases, reflecting a decrease in fragmentation rates associated with an increase in the number of internal degrees of freedom of the oligonucleotide. When ion-cooling rates become competitive with dissociation rates, the initially formed product ions are stabilized and fragmentation is avoided. Collisional cooling, therefore, likely plays an important role in the relative lack of dissociation observed thus far as a result of ion/ion reactions for most high-mass ions. The observed dependence of ion/ion reaction rates on the square of the ion charge, the universal nature of mutual neutralization, and the relative lack of fragmentation that arises from ion/ion reactions, makes ion/ion chemistry a particularly useful means for manipulating charge states. This review emphasizes applications that take advantage of the unique characteristics of ion/ion proton transfer chemistry for manipulating charge states. These applications include mixture analysis by electrospray, precursor ion charge state manipulation for tandem mass spectrometry studies, and simplified interpretation of product ion spectra. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McLuckey, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stephenson, James/A-9262-2009; McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009 OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM45372] NR 107 TC 151 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 31 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0277-7037 J9 MASS SPECTROM REV JI Mass Spectrom. Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 6 BP 369 EP 407 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2787(1998)17:6<369::AID-MAS1>3.0.CO;2-J PG 39 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 199KD UT WOS:000080479300001 PM 10360331 ER PT J AU Wang, JY Lewis, LH Welch, DO Canfield, PC AF Wang, JY Lewis, LH Welch, DO Canfield, PC TI Magnetic domain imaging of Nd2Fe14B single crystals with unmodified scanning electron microscopy SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article ID CONTRAST AB The stray flux manifestations of surface magnetic domains found in as-grown Nd2Fe14B single crystals were observed by conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) without instrumental modifications. Kerr optical microscopy was employed to confirm the results obtained by SEM. Spike domains were observed on the (001) plane, while a lozenge-type domain pattern was observed on (223) plane of Nd2Fe14B. A modified image-distortion mode was applied to image the three-dimensional stray flux emanating from the sample. The optimum scanning electron microscope imaging conditions are attained with an incident-electron energy set at 5 to 6 kV, which produced images with resolution on the order of 1 mu m. The simplicity of the technique and the ready adaptability of the SEM to such modifications as in situ current and magnetic field application suggest the extension of these to investigations of other materials of technological interest, such as perpendicular media disks. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1998. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, JY (reprint author), Appl Mat Inc, 4250 Burton Dr,Bldg 24,M-S 2402, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(98)00041-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 151KF UT WOS:000077718700004 ER PT J AU Molodkin, VB Nemoshkalenko, VV Olikhovskii, SI Kislovskii, EN Reshetnyk, OV Vladimirova, TP Krivitsky, VP Machulin, VF Prokopenko, IV Ice, GE Larson, BC AF Molodkin, VB Nemoshkalenko, VV Olikhovskii, SI Kislovskii, EN Reshetnyk, OV Vladimirova, TP Krivitsky, VP Machulin, VF Prokopenko, IV Ice, GE Larson, BC TI Theoretical and experimental principles of the differential-integral triple-crystal X-ray diffractometry of imperfect single crystals SO METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffractometry; single crystals; defects; diffuse and coherent scattering ID SILICON; SCATTERING AB The proposed new method of the differential-integral triple-crystal X-ray diffractometry of imperfect single crystals is justified theoretically and experimentally. The principles of the work of triple-crystal diffractometer (TCD) in the differential mode of measurements are described. Original construction and scheme of the universal TCD created in IMPh, N.A.S. of the Ukraine with the aim of realization of the proposed method are shown. In the Bragg case of X-ray diffraction by single crystals containing homogeneously distributed bounded defects, the relationships are obtained that establish the analytical relation between the ratio of the integrated intensities of diffuse and coherent TCD peaks from the investigated crystal, namely, the ratio of the differential diffuse and coherent scattering intensities both integrated over the Ewald sphere near the reciprocal lattice point and the characteristics of various kind defects. The obtained relationships are applied to the highly informative characterization of defects by using the angular dependences of the integral parameters of TCD intensity profiles measured from the silicon single crystal, which contains chaotically distributed new phase particles. The advantages of the proposed modification of TCD method are discussed. C1 NASU, GV Kurdyumov Inst Mst Phys, UA-252680 Kiev 142, Ukraine. NASU, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES UKRAINE, INST METAL PHYSICS PI KIEV 142 PA 36 ACADEMICIAN VERNADSKY BLVD, KIEV 142, UKRAINE UA-252180 SN 0204-3580 J9 METALLOFIZ NOV TEKH+ JI Metallofiz. Nov. Tekhnol.-Met. Phys. Adv. Techn. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 20 IS 11 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 143GA UT WOS:000077245800004 ER PT J AU Vaidya, RU Hill, MA Hawley, M Butt, DP AF Vaidya, RU Hill, MA Hawley, M Butt, DP TI Effect of pitting corrosion in NaCl solutions on the statistics of fracture of beryllium SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The effect of pitting corrosion, occurring in NaCl solutions, on the bending behavior of commercial beryllium was studied. Three concentrations of NaCl solutions (0.01, 0.1, and 1 M) were used in the experiments. Bend specimens were exposed to these solutions for a total of 168 hours. Weibull statistics were used to analyze the experimental bend-strength data and were applied to the failure strength, displacement to failure, and yield strength. Samples exposed to the I M NaCl solution exhibited a high Weibull modulus, with a higher retained mean failure strength and displacement to failure. On the other hand, the samples exposed to the 0.01 and 0.1 M NaCl solution exhibited significantly lower mechanical property values and Weibull moduli, accompanied by a larger scatter in the failure strength and displacement to failure. The engineering yield strength of the samples did not change significantly with exposure to the NaCl solutions, although there was an increase in the scatter of the values. These effects on the mechanical properties were attributed to a decreasing propensity for the formation of localized deep pits and an increasing propensity for uniform shallow pitting with increasing NaCl concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was primarily used for quantifying these corrosion pitting effects. In addition, atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and potentiodynamic polarization experiments were also conducted to provide supportive evidence for the differences in the pitting behavior of the beryilium with different NaCl concentrations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vaidya, RU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2753 EP 2760 DI 10.1007/s11661-998-0316-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 135YD UT WOS:000076829700011 ER PT J AU Elmer, JW Wong, J Ressler, T AF Elmer, JW Wong, J Ressler, T TI Spatially resolved X-ray diffraction phase mapping and alpha ->beta ->alpha transformation kinetics in the heat-affected zone of commercially pure titanium arc welds SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Spatially resolved X-ray diffraction (SRXRD) is used to map the alpha --> beta --> alpha phase transformation in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of commercially pure titanium gas tungsten are welds. In situ SRXRD experiments were conducted using a 180-mu m-diameter X-ray beam at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) (Stanford, CA) to probe the phases present in the HAZ of a 1.9 kW weld moving at 1.1 mm/s. Results of sequential linear X-ray diffraction scans made perpendicular to the weld direction were combined to construct a phase transformation map around the liquid weld pool. This map identifies six HAZ microstructural regions between the liquid weld pool and the base metal: (1) alpha-Ti that is undergoing annealing and recrystallization; (2) completely recrystallized alpha-Ti; (3) partially transformed alpha-Ti, where alpha-Ti and beta-Ti coexist; (4) single-phase beta-Ti; (5) back-transformed alpha-Ti; and (6) recrystallized alpha-Ti plus back-transformed alpha-Ti. Although the microstructure consisted predominantly of alpha-Ti, both prior to and after the weld, the crystallographically textured starting material was altered during welding to produce different alpha-Ti textures within the resulting HAZ. Based on the travel speed of the weld, the alpha --> beta transformation was measured to take 1.83 seconds during heating, while the beta --> alpha transformation was measured to take 0.91 seconds during cooling. The alpha --> beta transformation was characterized to be dominated by long-range diffusional growth on the leading (heating) side of the weld, while the beta --> alpha transformation was characterized to be predominantly massive on the trailing (cooling) side of the weld, with a massive growth rate on the order of 100 mu m/s. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 28 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 17 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2761 EP 2773 DI 10.1007/s11661-998-0317-5 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 135YD UT WOS:000076829700012 ER PT J AU DuPont, JN Robino, CV Michael, JR Notis, MR Marder, AR AF DuPont, JN Robino, CV Michael, JR Notis, MR Marder, AR TI Solidification of Nb-bearing superalloys: Part I. Reaction sequences SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALLOY 625; INCONEL-718; DIAGRAM AB The solidification reaction sequences of experimental superalloys containing systematic variations in Fe, Nb, Si, and C were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and microstructural characterization techniques. The reaction sequences responsible for microstructural development were found to be similar to those expected in the Ni-Nb-C ternary system and commercial superalloys of comparable composition. The solute-rich interdendritic liquid generally exhibited two eutectic-type reactions at the terminal stages of solidification: L --> (gamma + NbC) and L --> (gamma + Laves). The Ni-base alloys with a high C/Nb ratio represented the only exception to this general solidification sequence. This group of alloys terminated solidification with the L --> (gamma + NbC) reaction and did not exhibit the gamma/Laves constituent. At similar levels of solute elements (Nb, Si, and C), the Fe-base alloys always formed more of the gamma/Laves eutectic-type constituent than the corresponding Ni-base alloys. Silicon additions also increased the amount of the gamma/Laves constituent that formed in the as-solidified microstructure, while C additions promoted formation of gamma/NbC. The influence of Nb was dependent on the C content of the alloy. When the C content was low, Nb additions generally promoted formation of gamma/Laves, while Nb additions to alloys with high C led to formation of the gamma/NbC constituent. The results of this work are combined with quantitative analyses for developing gamma-Nb-C pseudotenary solidification diagrams in a companion article. C1 Lehigh Univ, Energy Liaison Program, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP DuPont, JN (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Energy Liaison Program, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 25 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 23 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2785 EP 2796 DI 10.1007/s11661-998-0319-3 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 135YD UT WOS:000076829700014 ER PT J AU DuPont, JN Robino, CV Marder, AR Notis, MR AF DuPont, JN Robino, CV Marder, AR Notis, MR TI Solidification of Nb-bearing superalloys: Part II. Pseudoternary solidification surfaces SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE REDISTRIBUTION; DIFFUSION; DIAGRAM; PHASE; FE AB Equilibrium distribution coefficients and pseudoternary solidification surfaces for experimental superalloys containing systematic variations in Fe, Nb, Si, and C were determined using quenching experiments and microstructural characterization techniques. In agreement with previous results, the distribution coefficient, k, for Nb and Si was less than unity, while the "solvent" elements (Fe, Ni, and Cr) exhibited little tendency for segregation (k approximate to 1). The current data were combined with previous results to show that an interactive effect between k,, and nominal Fe content exists, where the value of k(Nb) decreases from 0.54 to 0.25 as the Fe content is increased from approximate to 2 wt pet to approximate to 47 wt pet. This behavior is the major factor contributing to formation of relatively high amounts of eutectic-type constituents observed in Fe-rich alloys. Pseudoternary gamma-Nb-C solidification surfaces, modeled after the liquidus projection in the Ni-Nb-C ternary system, were proposed. The Nb compositions, which partially define the diagrams, were verified by comparison of calculated amounts of eutectic-type constituents (via the Scheil equation) and those measured experimentally, and good agreement was found. The corresponding C contents needed to fully define the diagrams were estimated from knowledge of the primary solidification path and k values for Nb and C. C1 Lehigh Univ, Energy Liaison Program, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP DuPont, JN (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Energy Liaison Program, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 20 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2797 EP 2806 DI 10.1007/s11661-998-0320-x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 135YD UT WOS:000076829700015 ER PT J AU Zhu, JH Liaw, PK Corum, JM Hansen, JGR Cornie, JA AF Zhu, JH Liaw, PK Corum, JM Hansen, JGR Cornie, JA TI Damage mechanisms in a cast ductile iron and a Al2O3p/Al composite SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FATIGUE CRACK-GROWTH; FRACTURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; TENSILE AB Mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of an Al2O3 particulate-reinforced Al matrix composite (Al2O3/Al) prepared by pressure infiltration are investigated and compared with those of a cast ductile iron. In addition to low cost and reduced weight, the composite has a Young's modulus comparable to the ductile iron. However, its fracture toughness is lower than that of the ductile iron. Interface debonding between the graphite and ferrite is responsible for the crack initiation behavior of the ductile iron. The crack in the ductile iron is arrested by the ductile ferrite phase surrounding the graphite, leading to high fracture toughness. For the Al2O3p/Al composite, the dominating crack initiation mode is particulate cracking. Interface debonding and zigzag cracking of particulates are additional fracture modes. The high content of Al2O3 particulates and the high thermal and elastic incompatibilities between the Al matrix and Al2O3 particulates result in brittle fracture and low fracture toughness for the composite. Possible ways to increase the fracture toughness of the Al2O3p/Al composite material are also outlined. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Met Matrix Cast Composite Inc, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. RP Zhu, JH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2855 EP 2862 DI 10.1007/s11661-998-0326-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 135YD UT WOS:000076829700021 ER PT J AU Browning, L Bourcier, W AF Browning, L Bourcier, W TI Constraints on the anhydrous precursor mineralogy of fine-grained materials in CM carbonaceous chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS ALTERATION; SURFACE CONDITIONS; DISSOLUTION RATES; OLIVINE GRAINS; SOLAR; PHYLLOSILICATES; METEORITES; MATRIX; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN AB Mass balance calculations were performed to constrain the precursor mineralogy of fine-grained, aqueously altered materials in CM carbonaceous chondrites. The bulk composition of unaltered fine-grained CM materials was estimated and then used to calculate phase proportions for several different initial assemblages. All starling assemblages contain relic, unaltered Fe-poor phases observed in CM chondrites, plus iron sulfides. The original sources of Fe are uncertain, because most primary Fe-rich phases were aqueously altered. Four endmember assemblages are considered by adding Fe metal, Fa(50), Fa(100), or FeO-rich amorphous materials to the Fe-poor phases. These represent the Fe-bearing phases in CM and/or other chondritic classes. Results indicate that the precursor CM assemblage may have contained a maximum of either similar to 10 vol% Fe metal, 57 vol% Faso, similar to 28 vol% Fa(100), or 37.0 vol% FeO-rich amorphous materials. Additional calculations were performed in which Fe metal was added to the various FeO-bearing assemblages. These reveal a strong positive correlation between the forsterite/(forsterite + enstatite) ratio and the amount of FeO-bearing phases that coexist with metal. If forsterite was more abundant than low-Ca pyroxene in the accreted CM materials, then these materials must have also contained significant amounts of FeO-rich phases (e.g., at least 36 vol% Fa(50), 10 vol% Fa(100), or 17 vol% FeO-bearing glasses). Calculated mineral proportions suggest that intact calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) represent only about one-half of the original CAI budget, which is consistent with previous hypotheses that the initial CAI contents of CM and CO chondrites were similar. Some similarities exist between the primary CM assemblages calculated here and the mineralogies of other chondrite classes, but the initial CM materials do not appear to be represented in our meteorite inventory. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Browning, L (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM lauren@kahana.pgd.hawaii.edu NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1213 EP 1220 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 147YY UT WOS:000077526400002 ER PT J AU Kieft, TL Murphy, EM Haldeman, DL Amy, PS Bjornstad, BN McDonald, EV Ringelberg, DB White, DC Stair, J Griffiths, RP Gsell, TC Holben, WE Boone, DR AF Kieft, TL Murphy, EM Haldeman, DL Amy, PS Bjornstad, BN McDonald, EV Ringelberg, DB White, DC Stair, J Griffiths, RP Gsell, TC Holben, WE Boone, DR TI Microbial transport, survival, and succession in a sequence of buried sediments SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEEP TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE; CHLORIDE MASS-BALANCE; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; EASTERN WASHINGTON; DIRECT COUNTS; BACTERIA; STARVATION; AQUIFER; LOESS AB Two chronosequences of unsaturated, buried loess sediments, ranging in age from <10,000 years to >1 million years, were investigated to reconstruct patterns of microbial ecological succession that have occurred since sediment burial. The relative importance of microbial transport and survival to succession was inferred from sediment ages, porewater ages, patterns of abundance (measured by direct counts, counts of culturable cells, and total phospholipid fatty acids), activities (measured by radiotracer and enzyme assays), and community composition (measured by phospholipid fatty acid patterns and Biolog substrate usage). Core samples were collected at two sites 40 km apart in the Palouse region of eastern Washington State, near the towns of Washtucna and Winona. The Washtucna site was flooded multiple times during the Pleistocene by glacial outburst floods; the Winona site elevation is above flood stage. Sediments at the Washtucna site were collected from near surface to 14.9 m depth, where the sediment age was similar to 250 Ita and the porewater age was 3700 years; sample intervals at the Winona site ranged from near surface to 38 m (sediment age: similar to 1 Ma; porewater age: 1200 years). Microbial abundance and activities declined with depth at both sites; however, even the deepest, oldest sediments showed evidence of viable microorganisms. Same-age sediments had equal quantities of microorganisms, but different community types. Differences in community makeup between the two sites can be attributed to differences in groundwater recharge and paleoflooding. Estimates of the microbial community age can be constrained by porewater and sediment ages. In the shallower sediments (<9 m at Washtucna, <12 m at Winona), the microbial communities are likely similar in age to the groundwater; thus, microbial succession has been influenced by recent transport of microorganisms from the surface. In the deeper sediments, the populations may be considerably older than the porewater ages, since microbial transport is severely restricted in unsaturated sediments. This is particularly true at the Winona site, which was never flooded. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Life Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Oregon Grad Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR 97291 USA. RP Kieft, TL (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM tkieft@nmt.edu NR 53 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 3 BP 336 EP 348 DI 10.1007/s002489900120 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 149CD UT WOS:000077586800012 ER PT J AU Milcamps, A Ragatz, DM Lim, P Berger, KA de Bruijn, FJ AF Milcamps, A Ragatz, DM Lim, P Berger, KA de Bruijn, FJ TI Isolation of carbon- and nitrogen-deprivation-induced loci of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 by Tn5-luxAB mutagenesis SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE Rhizobium starvation; nutrient-deprivation; luciferase activity; Tn5-lux; competition ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; DEHYDROGENASE STRUCTURAL GENE; ENCODING ASSIMILATORY NITRATE; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE M5AL; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION; PARACOCCUS-DENITRIFICANS AB Soil bacteria, such as Sinorhizobium meliloti. are subject to variation in environmental conditions, including carbon- and nitrogen-deprivation. The ability of bacteria to sense changes in their environment and respond accordingly is of vital importance to their survival and persistence in the soil and rhizosphere. A derivative of Tn5 which creates transcriptional fusions to the promoterless luxAB genes was used to mutagenize S. meliloti 1021 and 5000 insertion mutants were subsequently screened for gene fusions induced by selected environmental stresses. The isolation of 21 gene fusions induced by nitrogen-deprivation and 12 induced by carbon-deprivation is described. Cloning and partial DNA sequence analysis of the transposon-tagged loci revealed a variety of novel genes, as well as S. meliloti genes with significant similarity to known bacterial loci. In addition, nodule occupancy studies were carried out with selected Tn5-luxAB insertion mutants to examine the role of the tagged genes in competition. C1 Michigan State Univ, NSF, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP de Bruijn, FJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, NSF, Ctr Microbial Ecol, Rm 306,Plant Biol Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 91 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD NOV PY 1998 VL 144 BP 3205 EP 3218 PN 11 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 138MJ UT WOS:000076975400029 PM 9846756 ER PT J AU Friedrich, S Mears, CA Niderost, B Hiller, LJ Frank, M Labov, SE Barfknecht, AT Cramer, SP AF Friedrich, S Mears, CA Niderost, B Hiller, LJ Frank, M Labov, SE Barfknecht, AT Cramer, SP TI Superconducting tunnel junction array development for high-resolution energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE cryogenic X-ray detectors; superconducting tunnel junctions; X-ray microcalorimeter; detector arrays ID CRYOGENIC PARTICLE DETECTORS AB Cryogenic energy-dispersive X-ray detectors are being developed because of their superior energy resolution (10 eV FWHM for keV X-rays) compared to that achieved in semiconductor energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) systems. So far, their range of application is limited because of their comparably small size and low count rate. We present data on the development of superconducting funnel junction (STJ) detector arrays to address both of these issues. A single STJ detector has a resolution of around 10 eV below 1 keV and can be operated at count rates of the order 10,000 counts/sec. We show that the simultaneous operation of several STJ detectors does not dimish their energy resolution significantly, and it increases the detector area and the maximum count rate by a factor given by the total number of independent channels. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Space Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Conductus Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Friedrich, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Space Technol Directorate, POB 808,L-418, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 6 BP 616 EP 621 DI 10.1017/S143192769898059X PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 179RN UT WOS:000079342900009 ER PT J AU Reardon, BJ AF Reardon, BJ TI Fuzzy logic versus niched Pareto multiobjective genetic algorithm optimization SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES; DESIGN; SYSTEM; ENERGY AB A new multiobjective selection procedure fbr a genetic algorithm (GA) based on the paradigms of fuzzy logic is introduced, discussed and compared to the niched Pareto selection procedure. In the two example problems presented here (Schaffer's F2 problem and a simplified Born-Mayer potential) the fuzzy logic procedure optimized the parameters of functions in a manner of comparable efficiency to that of the niched Pareto approach. The two main advantages of the fuzzy logic approach over the niched Pareto approach are that the experimental error or 'uncertainty' in the objective values can be accounted for and, unlike the niched Pareto approach, the efficiency of the fuzzy logic GA is shown to be independent of the number of objectives. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reardon, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 6 IS 6 BP 717 EP 734 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/6/6/004 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154ZH UT WOS:000077920700004 ER PT J AU Reardon, BJ AF Reardon, BJ TI Optimization of densification modelling parameters of beryllium powder using a fuzzy logic based multiobjective genetic algorithm SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ISOSTATIC-PRESSING DIAGRAMS AB A fuzzy logic based multiobjective genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize micromechanical densification modelling parameters for warm isopressed beryllium powder. In addition to optimizing the 19 main parameters of the model with 17 objective functions (experimental data points), the GA provides a quantitative measure of the sensitivity of the model to each parameter, estimates the mean particle size of the powder, and determines the smoothing factors for the transition between stage 1 and stage 2 densification. While the GA does not provide a sensitivity analysis in the strictest sense, and is highly stochastic in nature, this method is reliable and reproducible in optimizing parameters given any size data set and determining the impact on the model of slight variations in each parameter. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reardon, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 6 IS 6 BP 735 EP 746 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/6/6/005 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154ZH UT WOS:000077920700005 ER PT J AU Verdier, M Fivel, M Groma, I AF Verdier, M Fivel, M Groma, I TI Mesoscopic scale simulation of dislocation dynamics in fcc metals: Principles and applications SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID 3D SIMULATION; PLASTICITY; MODEL AB This paper reviews the methods and techniques developed to simulate dislocation dynamics on a mesoscopic scale. Attention is given to techniques of acceleration and to the implementation of special boundary conditions. Typical results concerning the deformation of a bulk crystal, the effect of image forces and the combination with a finite-element code to simulate the indentation test are presented. The limits and future development of each application are discussed. C1 LTPCM, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. GPM2, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Gen Phys, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary. RP Verdier, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, MS 765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI FIVEL, Marc/0000-0002-0393-2191 NR 19 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 6 IS 6 BP 755 EP 770 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/6/6/007 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154ZH UT WOS:000077920700007 ER PT J AU Tepesch, PD Asta, M Ceder, G AF Tepesch, PD Asta, M Ceder, G TI Computation of configurational entropy using Monte Carlo probabilities in cluster-variation method entropy expressions SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PHASE-DIAGRAMS; ENERGY; MODEL AB We study the applicability of a combined approach to the calculation of free energies in lattice models using Monte Carlo simulations and several cluster-variation method (CVM) entropy expressions. We demonstrate that very accurate free energies can be obtained for ordered and disordered phases at arbitrary chemical field and temperature without thermodynamic integration, provided that use is made of high-order CVM entropy expressions. We also present a novel approach to grouping clusters into symmetry equivalent groups during a Monte Carlo simulation without prior knowledge of the space-group of the phase being sampled. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tepesch, PD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 6 IS 6 BP 787 EP 797 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/6/6/009 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 154ZH UT WOS:000077920700009 ER PT J AU Sternlicht, MD Lukashev, M Lochter, A Bissell, MJ Werb, Z AF Sternlicht, MD Lukashev, M Lochter, A Bissell, MJ Werb, Z TI MMP-3/stromelysin-1 promotes early and late tumorigenesis. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 32 BP 6A EP 6A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906700031 ER PT J AU Han, Y Sablin, EP Nogales, E Fletterick, RJ Downing, KH AF Han, Y Sablin, EP Nogales, E Fletterick, RJ Downing, KH TI A three-dimensional map of NCD-decorated tubulin sheets SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 181 BP 32A EP 32A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906700184 ER PT J AU Akita, M Keegstra, K AF Akita, M Keegstra, K TI Identification of proteins interacting with ClpC, a HSP100 homologue in chloroplasts SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 598 BP 103A EP 103A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906700597 ER PT J AU Bissell, MJ Roskelley, C AF Bissell, MJ Roskelley, C TI Phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase is required for basement membrane-dependent differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Anat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 967 BP 167A EP 167A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906700966 ER PT J AU Simian, M Lochter, A Hirai, Y Werb, Z Bissell, MJ AF Simian, M Lochter, A Hirai, Y Werb, Z Bissell, MJ TI Martix metalloproteinases are necessary for branching morphogenesis of mammary epithelial cells SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sakae Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244, Japan. CCBR, Ballerup 2750, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 992 BP 172A EP 172A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906700993 ER PT J AU Kloc, M Larabell, C Chan, AP Bilinski, S Etkin, LD AF Kloc, M Larabell, C Chan, AP Bilinski, S Etkin, LD TI Molecular organization of germ plasm in Xenopus laevis. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Zool, Krakow, Poland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1102 BP 190A EP 190A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701103 ER PT J AU Auffray, I Stevens, ME Paszty, C Mohandas, N Chasis, JA AF Auffray, I Stevens, ME Paszty, C Mohandas, N Chasis, JA TI Study of erythrocyte membrane properties in transgenic mice expressing human glycophorin A SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1223 BP 211A EP 211A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701225 ER PT J AU Yang, X Louie, SG Shyamala, G AF Yang, X Louie, SG Shyamala, G TI Progesterone receptor isoforms in mammary development SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1384 BP 239A EP 239A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701386 ER PT J AU Chen, HM Petersen, OW Bissell, MJ AF Chen, HM Petersen, OW Bissell, MJ TI Up-expression of a novel breast tumor suppressor candidate gene AZ1 correlates with tumorigenic reversion and cytoskeletal reorganization SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Inst Med Anat, Struct Cell Biol Unit, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1434 BP 247A EP 247A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701435 ER PT J AU Parra, M Walensky, LD Chan, NL Snyder, SH Mohandas, SN Conboy, JG AF Parra, M Walensky, LD Chan, NL Snyder, SH Mohandas, SN Conboy, JG TI Characterization of protein 4.1B, a new gene in the protein 4.1 family with high level, focal expression in brain SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1535 BP 265A EP 265A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701537 ER PT J AU Gilligan, DM Lozovatsky, L Mohandas, N Gwynn, B Peters, LL AF Gilligan, DM Lozovatsky, L Mohandas, N Gwynn, B Peters, LL TI beta-adducin null red cells show decreased deformability and unexpected deficiency of alpha-adducin SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1545 BP 266A EP 266A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701545 ER PT J AU Krauss, SW Heald, R Lee, G Berger, T Chasis, JA AF Krauss, SW Heald, R Lee, G Berger, T Chasis, JA TI Structural protein 4.1 during cell division SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, MCB, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, ANSC, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1706 BP 294A EP 294A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701706 ER PT J AU Pujuguet, P Simian-Galuzzi, M Timpl, R Werb, Z Bissell, MJ AF Pujuguet, P Simian-Galuzzi, M Timpl, R Werb, Z Bissell, MJ TI Nidogen/entactin regulates mammary epithelial cell-specific gene expression SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Biochem, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1736 BP 299A EP 299A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701735 ER PT J AU Berger, T Lee, G Krauss, SW Chasis, JA AF Berger, T Lee, G Krauss, SW Chasis, JA TI Protein 4.1 expression in porcine sperm decreases after acrosome reaction. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 1795 BP 310A EP 310A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906701800 ER PT J AU Okamoto, CT Tyarajan, KV McKinney, JM Jeng, YY Zeng, H Morton, C Forte, TM Forte, JG AF Okamoto, CT Tyarajan, KV McKinney, JM Jeng, YY Zeng, H Morton, C Forte, TM Forte, JG TI Tubulovesicular clathrin coats and membrane trafficking in gastric oxyntic cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 2019 BP 348A EP 348A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906702020 ER PT J AU Rowning, BA Miller, JR Wu, M Larabell, CA Moon, RT AF Rowning, BA Miller, JR Wu, M Larabell, CA Moon, RT TI Is the stability of beta-catenin on the frog embryo's dorsal side a consequence of anterograde transport of dishevelled? SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, HHMI, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 2215 BP 382A EP 382A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906702221 ER PT J AU Nogales, E Whittaker, M Milligan, RA Downing, KH AF Nogales, E Whittaker, M Milligan, RA Downing, KH TI High resolution structure of the microtubule: Polymerization interfaces and dynamic instability. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 2227 BP 384A EP 384A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906702233 ER PT J AU Anders, KR Richards, K Nogales, E Downing, KH Botstein, D AF Anders, KR Richards, K Nogales, E Downing, KH Botstein, D TI Tubulin mutations in three dimensions. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 2368 BP 408A EP 408A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906702365 ER PT J AU Muschler, J Roskelley, CR Yurchenco, P Bissell, MJ AF Muschler, J Roskelley, CR Yurchenco, P Bissell, MJ TI Division of labor among the alpha 6 beta 4 integrin, beta 1 integrins, and an E3 laminin receptor in mammary epithelial cell function SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Rutgers State Univ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 2478 BP 427A EP 427A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906702477 ER PT J AU Wang, F Weaver, VM Petersen, OW Larabell, CA Dedhar, S Briand, P Lupu, R Bissel, MJ AF Wang, F Weaver, VM Petersen, OW Larabell, CA Dedhar, S Briand, P Lupu, R Bissel, MJ TI Reciprocal interactions between b1-integrin and EGFR in three dimensional cultures: A new perspective in normal and malignant breast epithelial biology. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LBNL, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Struct Cell Biol Unit, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. Jack Bell Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada. Danish Canc Soc, Dept Tumor Endocrinol, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 2477 BP 427A EP 427A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906702474 ER PT J AU Larabell, CA Moon, RT Rowning, BA AF Larabell, CA Moon, RT Rowning, BA TI Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) occurs as a wave in Xenopus eggs. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 2548 BP 440A EP 440A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906702554 ER PT J AU Stampfer, M Garbe, J Wigington, D Wong, M Nijjar, T Yaswen, P AF Stampfer, M Garbe, J Wigington, D Wong, M Nijjar, T Yaswen, P TI Changes associated with immortal transformation of cultured human mammary epithelial cells SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 SU S MA 2861 BP 493A EP 493A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 137GQ UT WOS:000076906702860 ER PT J AU Chin-A-Woeng, TFC Bloemberg, GV van der Bij, AJ van der Drift, KMGF Schripsema, J Kroon, B Scheffer, RJ Keel, C Bakker, PAHM Tichy, HV de Bruijn, FJ Thomas-Oates, JE Lugtenberg, BJJ AF Chin-A-Woeng, TFC Bloemberg, GV van der Bij, AJ van der Drift, KMGF Schripsema, J Kroon, B Scheffer, RJ Keel, C Bakker, PAHM Tichy, HV de Bruijn, FJ Thomas-Oates, JE Lugtenberg, BJJ TI Biocontrol by phenazine-1-carboxamide-producing Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 of tomato root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE microbiological control ID FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS; SECONDARY METABOLITE; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT-GROWTH; RHIZOSPHERE; COLONIZATION; GENE; WILT; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL AB Seventy bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of tomato were screened for antagonistic activity against the tomato foot and root rot-causing fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, One isolate, strain PCL1391, appeared to be an efficient colonizer of tomato roots and an excellent biocontrol strain in an F. oxysporum/tomato test system. Strain PCL1391 was identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis and further characterization showed that it produces a broad spectrum of antifungal factors (AFFs), including a hydrophobic compound, hydrogen cyanide, chitinase(s), and protease(s). Through mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, the hydrophobic compound was identified as phenazine-l-carboxamide (PCN). We have studied the production and action of this AFF both in vitro and in vivo. Using a PCL1391 transposon mutant, with a lux reporter gene inserted in the phenazine biosynthetic operon (phz), we showed that this phenazine biosynthetic mutant was substantially decreased in both in vitro antifungal activity and biocontrol activity. Moreover, with the same mutant it was shown that the phz biosynthetic operon is expressed in the tomato rhizosphere. Comparison of the biocontrol activity of the PCN-producing strain PCL1391 with those of phenazine-l-carboxylic acid (PCA)producing strains P. fluorescens 2-79 and P. aureofaciens 30-84 showed that the PCN-producing strain is able to suppress disease in the tomato/F. oxysporum system. C1 Leiden State Univ, Inst Mol Plant Sci, Clusius Lab, NL-2333 AL Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Dept Mass Spectrometry, FAFC Wentgebouw, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Ciencias Saude, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Novartis Seeds BV, NL-1600 AA Enkhuizen, Netherlands. Univ Lausanne, Lab Biol Microbienne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Utrecht, Dept Plant Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Sect Plant Pathol, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands. TUV Energie & Umwelt GMBH, Niederlassung Freiburg, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lugtenberg, BJJ (reprint author), Leiden State Univ, Inst Mol Plant Sci, Clusius Lab, Wassenaarseweg 64, NL-2333 AL Leiden, Netherlands. EM lugtenberg@rulbim.LeigenUniv.nl RI Schripsema, Jan/A-6395-2008; Bakker, Peter/B-9355-2011; Utrecht Univ., PMI/G-9549-2011 OI Schripsema, Jan/0000-0002-5362-4074; NR 43 TC 174 Z9 188 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1069 EP 1077 DI 10.1094/MPMI.1998.11.11.1069 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 130AR UT WOS:000076497500005 ER PT J AU Brow, RK Alam, TM Tallant, DR Kirkpatrick, RJ AF Brow, RK Alam, TM Tallant, DR Kirkpatrick, RJ TI Spectroscopic studies on the structures of phosphate sealing glasses SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SODIUM ALUMINOPHOSPHATE GLASS; SHORT-RANGE STRUCTURE; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ULTRAPHOSPHATE GLASSES; SPECTRA; ALUMINA; NEUTRON; ORDER C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Univ Missouri, Dept Ceram Engn, 222 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM brow@umr.edu; tmalam@sandia.gov; drtalla@sandia.gov; kirkpat@uiuc.edu NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 23 IS 11 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 139GV UT WOS:000077020700019 ER PT J AU Miller, AC Fuciarelli, AF Jackson, WE Ejnik, EJ Emond, C Strocko, S Hogan, J Page, N Pellmar, T AF Miller, AC Fuciarelli, AF Jackson, WE Ejnik, EJ Emond, C Strocko, S Hogan, J Page, N Pellmar, T TI Urinary and serum mutagenicity studies with rats implanted with depleted uranium or tantalum pellets SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID WATER-TREATMENT WORKERS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; EXPOSURE; RADON; INHIBITOR; MUTATIONS; STRAINS; DRUGS; CELLS; P53 AB During the 1991 Persian Gulf War several US military personnel were wounded by shrapnel fragments consisting of depleted uranium. These fragments were treated as conventional shrapnel and were not surgically removed to spare excessive tissue damage. Uranium bioassays conducted over a year after the initial uranium injury indicated a significant increase in urine uranium levels above natural background levels. The potential mutagenic effects of depleted uranium are unknown. To assess the potential mutagenic effects of long-term exposure to internalized depleted uranium, Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with depleted uranium and their urine and serum were evaluated for mutagenic potential at various times after pellet implantation using the Ames Salmonella reversion assay. Tantalum, an inert metal widely used in prosthetic devices was used for comparison. Enhancement of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhiurium strain TA98 and the Ames II(TM) mixed strains (TA7001-7006) was observed in urine samples from animals implanted with depleted uranium pellets. In contrast, urine samples from animals implanted with tantalum did not show a significant enhancement of mutagenic activity in these strains. In depleted uranium-implanted animals, urine mutagenicity increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner demonstrating a strong positive correlation with urine uranium levels (r = 0.995, P < 0.001). There was no mutagenic enhancement of any bacterial strain detected in the sera of animals implanted with either depleted uranium or tantalum pellets. The results suggest that uranium content in the urine is correlated with urine mutagenicity and that urinary mutagenicity might be used as a biomarker to detect exposure to internalized uranium. C1 Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Appl Cellular Radiobiol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Radiat Pathophysiol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EMP Dept, Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. NCI, Div Canc Treatment, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Miller, AC (reprint author), Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Appl Cellular Radiobiol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 33 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD NOV PY 1998 VL 13 IS 6 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1093/mutage/13.6.643 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 140HY UT WOS:000077082900015 PM 9862198 ER PT J AU Zharnitsky, V AF Zharnitsky, V TI Instability in Fermi-Ulam 'ping-pong' problem SO NONLINEARITY LA English DT Article ID POTENTIALS AB The motion of a classical particle bouncing elastically between two parallel walls, with one of the walls undergoing a periodic motion is considered. This problem, called Fermi-Ulam 'ping-pong', is known to possess only bounded solutions if the motion of the wall is sufficiently smooth p(t) is an element of C4+epsilon, where p(t) is the position of the wall. It is shown that the stability result does not hold if p(t) is just a continuous function by providing two examples of instability. The second example also answers the question posed in Levi M and Zehnder E (1995 Boundedness of solutions for quasiperiodic potentials SIAM J. Math. Anal. 26 1233-56) about instability in the 'squash player's' problem. Both examples are constructed for an equivalent system with motionless walls. The reduced system is obtained using the transformation, developed in the heat equation theory to solve the moving boundary problem. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zharnitsky, V (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-7715 J9 NONLINEARITY JI Nonlinearity PD NOV PY 1998 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1481 EP 1487 DI 10.1088/0951-7715/11/6/003 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 142HW UT WOS:000077195600003 ER PT J AU Zuber, N Wilson, GE Ishii, M Wulff, W Boyack, BE Dukler, AE Griffith, P Healzer, JM Henry, RE Lehner, JR Levy, S Moody, FJ Pilch, M Sehgal, BR Spencer, BW Theofanous, TG Valente, J AF Zuber, N Wilson, GE Ishii, M Wulff, W Boyack, BE Dukler, AE Griffith, P Healzer, JM Henry, RE Lehner, JR Levy, S Moody, FJ Pilch, M Sehgal, BR Spencer, BW Theofanous, TG Valente, J TI An integrated structure and scaling methodology for severe accident technical issue resolution: Development of methodology SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB Scaling has been identified as a particularly important element of the Severe Accident Research Program because of its relevance not only to experimentation, but also to analyses based on code calculations or special models. Recognizing the central importance of severe accident scaling issues, the United States Regulatory Commission implemented a Severe Accident Scaling Methodology (SASM) development program involving a lead laboratory contractor acid a Technical Program Group to guide the development and to demonstrate its practicality via a challenging application. The Technical Program Group recognized that the Severe Accident Scaling Methodology was an integral part of a larger structure for technical issue resolution and, therefore, found the need to define and document this larger structure, the Integrated Structure for Technical issue Resolution (ISTIR). The larger part of the efforts have been devoted to the development and demonstration of the Severe Accident Scaling Methodology, which is Component II of the ISTIR. The ISTIR and the SASM have been tested and demonstrated, by their application to a postulated direct containment heating scenario. The ISTIR objectives and process are summarized in this paper, as is its demonstration associated directly with the SASM. The objectives, processes and demonstration fbr the SASM are also summarized in the paper. The full body of work is referenced. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. S Levy Inc, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. Fauske & Associate Inc, Burr Ridge, IL 60521 USA. GE, Nucl Energy, San Jose, CA 95125 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Royal Inst Technol, KTH, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Ishii, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(98)00215-5 PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 151ZN UT WOS:000077750800002 ER PT J AU Wilson, GE Boyack, BE AF Wilson, GE Boyack, BE TI The role of the PIRT process in experiments, code development and code applications associated with reactor safety analysis SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB In September 1988, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued a revised emergency core cooling system rule for light water reactors that allows, as an option, the use of best estimate plus uncertainty methods in safety analysis. To support the 1988 licensing revision, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and its contractors developed the code scaling, applicability and uncertainty evaluation methodology to demonstrate the feasibility of the best estimate plus uncertainty approach. The phenomena identification and ranking table (PIRT) process, Step 3 in the code scaling, applicability and uncertainty methodology, was originally formulated to support the best estimate plus uncertainty licensing option. Through further development and application, the PIRT process has shown additional utility as a robust means to establish safety analysis computer code phenomenological requirements in their order of importance to such analyses. The generic PIRT process, including typical and common illustrations from prior applications that promoted further development of the process, are described. Analysis of the results of the prior applications is also described. The analysis results provide information that can help guide future applications of the process in a graded approach based on phenomena relative importance. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilson, GE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM gew@inel.gov NR 17 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(98)00216-7 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 151ZN UT WOS:000077750800003 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Ortiz, MG Larson, TK Reeder, DL AF Banerjee, S Ortiz, MG Larson, TK Reeder, DL TI Scaling in the safety of next generation reactors SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB A technique was developed to evaluate the applicability of data from small scale facilities for validation of codes for analysis of nuclear safety with emphasis on the next generation of reactors, The technique first divides an accident into phases based on the components that come into play as the accident evolves. Conservation equations, resolved to the component level and their interconnections, are derived for the active components in each phase. The equations are then nondimensionalized and reference parameters are selected such that the dependent variables, other than the system response of interest, are of order 1. Order of magnitude analysis is then performed for each equation and then between equations, based on the numerical values of the nondimensional coefficients for each term, with only the large order terms being retained. The resulting equations then contain terms whose impact on key system responses (e.g. reactor vessel level) are ordered in terms of the magnitude of the nondimensional groups multiplying the O[1] dependent variables. The reduced set of equations and nondimensional groups are validated with experimental data where possible. The validation process is meant to demonstrate that the important terms have been retained and enhance confidence in the system of equations used to capture the main processes occurring in each phase. The methodology was demonstrated by evaluating the applicability of small-scale facility data for next generation reactor SBLOCA. Based on the nondimensional equations, the dominant nondimensional groups, and hence the dominant physical mechanisms and their dependence on geometric and operational parameters, were identified for a particular scenario, an AP600 cold leg break, starting from the initiating event through long term cooling. The important parameters entering the groups included elevation differences between the reactor vessel and other components, PRHR heat transfer rates, fluid thermophysical properties, liquid levels in tanks, flow resistances in the CMT lines and IRWST lines, flow resistance in the pressurizer surge line, and pressurizer drain rate. It was also shown that, after the beginning of CMT draining and accumulator injection, the dominant processes do not depend on break size provided they are small. The dominant processes were dependent on plant geometry and the operation of engineered safety features, such as the automatic depressurization system. The same transient events were evaluated for three experimental facilities and the same nondimensional groups, and hence mechanisms, were shown to be important. It was found that these nondimensional groups covered the range expected in the AP600, indicating that while there may be some distortions in scaling for a particular facility, between them, the important phenomena were captured and the small-scale facility data appear applicable for SBLOCA in the AP600 system. In more general terms, the methodology appears suitable for assessing scaling of various facilities for other postulated accidents and for other reactor concepts. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Larson, TK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(98)00219-2 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 151ZN UT WOS:000077750800006 ER PT J AU Gray, DS Boedo, JA Baelmans, M Conn, RW Moyer, RA Dippel, KH Finken, KH Pospieszczyk, A Reiter, D Doerner, RP Hillis, DL Mank, G Wolf, GH AF Gray, DS Boedo, JA Baelmans, M Conn, RW Moyer, RA Dippel, KH Finken, KH Pospieszczyk, A Reiter, D Doerner, RP Hillis, DL Mank, G Wolf, GH CA TEXTOR Team TI Plasma exhaust and density control in tokamak fusion experiments with neutral beam or ICRF auxiliary heating SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID BELT PUMP LIMITER; ALT-II; PARTICLE CONFINEMENT; TEXTOR TOKAMAK; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; TOROIDAL LIMITER; TORE SUPRA; TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY; FLOW AB Particle exhaust studies have been carried out with the pump limiter ALT-II in the TEXTOR tokamak, under ohmic conditions as well as with NBI and with ICRF auxiliary heating, and the pumping effectiveness is shown to meet the requirements for a fusion reactor. Quantitative measurements of D alpha emission, made with a CCD camera, have been used to determine the particle efflux from the plasma. Roughly one third of the D alpha emission occurs in a diffuse 'halo' that surrounds the limiter belt. The particle confinement time is less than the energy confinement time by a factor of typically 4. Modelling in 2-D of plasma and neutral hows in the TEXTOR boundary has been performed. The source of D(+) ions can be related to the D alpha emission by a factor that is found to depend on the location of the emission and on the discharge density. The predicted total D alpha emission agrees with the measurements within a factor of about 2. Pumping of ALT-II allows for density control; with NBI, the density can be increased well beyond the ohmic limit without the discharge ending in disruption. The plasma particle efflux and the pumped flux both increase with density as well as with heating power. The exhaust efficiency is typically, similar to 2%, with the highest values observed in high density NBI discharges. Higher exhaust rates are observed with NBI than with ICRF. Plasma and neutral hows in the ALT-II scoops have been simulated, making use of a simple plasma model. The scoop may be viewed as a non-linear amplifier of the plasma particle flux; the amplification is found to range from about 2 to 3 for most cases. Flow reversal in the scoop is found in some of the NBI cases and particularly in the highest density case. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Fus Energy Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasmaphys, Julich, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gray, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Fus Energy Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dsgray@ucsd.edu OI Baelmans, Martine/0000-0001-9905-4583 NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1998 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1585 EP 1606 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/38/11/301 PG 22 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 144VE UT WOS:000077335300001 ER PT J AU Okabayashi, M Pomphrey, N Hatcher, RE AF Okabayashi, M Pomphrey, N Hatcher, RE TI Circuit equation formulation of resistive wall mode feedback stabilization schemes SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT EVENTS; PLASMA ROTATION; HIGH-BETA; SHELL; TOKAMAKS; STABILITY; JT-60U AB Recently, various schemes for controlling the resistive wall mode have been proposed. Here, the problem of resistive wall mode feedback control is formulated utilizing concepts from electrical circuit theory. Each of the coupled elements (the perturbed plasma current, the poloidal passive shell system and the active coil system) is considered as lumped parameter electrical circuits obeying the usual laws of linear circuit theory. A dispersion relation is derived using different schemes for the feedback logic. The various schemes differ in the choice of sensor signal, which is determined by some combination of the three independent circuit currents. Feedback schemes are discussed which can, ideally, completely stabilize the kink mode. These schemes depend, for their success, on a suitable choice for the location of the sensors. A feedback scheme based on sensing the passive shell eddy current is discussed which seeks to drive the feedback system response to a point of marginal stability. For realizable feedback gain factors, this feedback system can suppress the kink mode amplitude for times that are very long compared with the L/R time-scale of the passive shell system. The circuit equation approach discussed provides a useful means for comparing various control strategies for n greater than or equal to 1 kink mode control, and allows useful analogies to be drawn between kink mode control and the control of n = 0 vertical position instabilities. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Pomphrey, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI pomphrey, neil/G-4405-2010 NR 29 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1998 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1607 EP 1627 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/38/11/302 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 144VE UT WOS:000077335300002 ER PT J AU Baltz, AJ Chasman, C White, SN AF Baltz, AJ Chasman, C White, SN TI Correlated forward-backward dissociation and neutron spectra as a luminosity monitor in heavy-ion colliders SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE heavy ions; calorimeter; luminosity; collider; dissociation ID NUCLEI; PB AB Detection in zero degree calorimeters of the correlated forward-backward Coulomb or nuclear dissociation of two colliding nuclei is presented as a practical luminosity monitor in heavy-ion colliders. Complementary predictions are given for total correlated Coulomb plus nuclear dissociation and for correlated forward-backward single neutrons from the giant dipole peak. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP White, SN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM white1@bnl.gov NR 13 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 417 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00575-0 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 136QH UT WOS:000076870300001 ER PT J AU Bravin, E Brun, G Dehning, B Drees, A Galbraith, P Geitz, M Henrichsen, K Koratzinos, M Mugnai, G Tonutti, M AF Bravin, E Brun, G Dehning, B Drees, A Galbraith, P Geitz, M Henrichsen, K Koratzinos, M Mugnai, G Tonutti, M TI The influence of train leakage currents on the LEP dipole field SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID BEAM ENERGY AB The determination of the mass and the width of the Z boson at CERN's LEP accelerator, an e(+)e(-) storage ring with a circumference of approximately 27 km, imposes heavy demands on the knowledge of the LEP counter-rotating electron and positron beam energies. The precision required is of the order of 1 MeV or approximate to 20 ppm. Due to its size, the LEP collider is influenced by various macroscopic and regional factors such as the position of the moon or seasonal changes of the rainfall in the area, as reported earlier. A new and not less surprising effect on the LEP energy was observed in 1995: railroad trains in the Geneva region perturb the dipole held. A parasitic flow of electricity, originating from the trains, travels along the LEP vacuum chamber, affecting the LEP dipole held. An account of the phenomenon with its explanation substantiated by dedicated measurements is presented. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. RP Drees, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 1005-3,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 417 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00020-5 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 136QH UT WOS:000076870300002 ER PT J AU Cooper, MD Armijo, V Black, JK Bolton, RD Carius, S Espinoza, C Hart, G Hogan, GE Gonzales, A Kroupa, MA Mischke, RE Sandoval, J Schilling, S Sena, J Suazo, G Whitehouse, DA Wilkinson, CA Stantz, K Szymanski, JJ Jui, CC Gagliardi, CA Tribble, RE Tu, XL Fisk, RJ Koetke, DD Manweiler, RW Nord, PM Stanislaus, S Piilonen, LE Zhang, YD AF Cooper, MD Armijo, V Black, JK Bolton, RD Carius, S Espinoza, C Hart, G Hogan, GE Gonzales, A Kroupa, MA Mischke, RE Sandoval, J Schilling, S Sena, J Suazo, G Whitehouse, DA Wilkinson, CA Stantz, K Szymanski, JJ Jui, CC Gagliardi, CA Tribble, RE Tu, XL Fisk, RJ Koetke, DD Manweiler, RW Nord, PM Stanislaus, S Piilonen, LE Zhang, YD TI Construction and performance of MEGA's low-mass, high-rate cylindrical MWPCs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE multiwire proportional chambers with low mass and fine granularity for high particle fluxes; muon decay ID DETECTOR AB A design for extremely low mass, high-resolution multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC) was achieved by the MEGA collaboration in its experiment to search for the lepton family number violating decay mu --> e gamma. To extend the present branching ratio limit by over an order of magnitude, these MWPCs were operated in high particle fluxes. They showed minimal effects of aging, and evidenced spatial and energy resolutions for the orbiting positrons from muon decay which were consistent with our design parameters. The unique features of these chambers, their assembly into the MEGA positron spectrometer, and their performance during the experiment are described in this pager. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Koetke, DD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM donald.koetke@valpo.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 417 IS 1 BP 24 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00655-X PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 136QH UT WOS:000076870300004 ER PT J AU Apanasevich, L Bacigalupi, J Baker, W Ballocchi, G Begel, M Benson, R Blusk, S Bromberg, C Brown, D Chang, P Choudhary, B Chung, WH de Barbaro, L DeSoi, W Dlugosz, W Dunlea, J Engels, E Fanourakis, G Ferbel, T Ftacnik, J Garelick, D Ginther, G Glaubman, M Gutierrez, P Hartman, K Huston, J Johnstone, C Kapoor, V Kuehler, J Lanaro, A Lirakis, C Lobkowicz, F Lukens, P Mani, S Mansour, J Maul, A Miller, R Oh, BY Osborne, G Pellett, D Prebys, E Roser, R Sinanidis, A Shepard, P Shivpuri, R Skow, D Slattery, P Sorrell, L Striley, D Toothacker, W Varelas, N Weerasundara, D Whitmore, JJ Wu, G Yasuda, T Yosef, C Zielinski, M Zutshi, V AF Apanasevich, L Bacigalupi, J Baker, W Ballocchi, G Begel, M Benson, R Blusk, S Bromberg, C Brown, D Chang, P Choudhary, B Chung, WH de Barbaro, L DeSoi, W Dlugosz, W Dunlea, J Engels, E Fanourakis, G Ferbel, T Ftacnik, J Garelick, D Ginther, G Glaubman, M Gutierrez, P Hartman, K Huston, J Johnstone, C Kapoor, V Kuehler, J Lanaro, A Lirakis, C Lobkowicz, F Lukens, P Mani, S Mansour, J Maul, A Miller, R Oh, BY Osborne, G Pellett, D Prebys, E Roser, R Sinanidis, A Shepard, P Shivpuri, R Skow, D Slattery, P Sorrell, L Striley, D Toothacker, W Varelas, N Weerasundara, D Whitmore, JJ Wu, G Yasuda, T Yosef, C Zielinski, M Zutshi, V CA Fermilab E706 Collaboration TI Calibration and performance of the E706 lead and liquid-argon electromagnetic calorimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE sampling electromagnetic calorimeter; calibration; direct photons ID MESONS AB We report on the calibration and performance of a large lead liquid-argon electromagnetic calorimeter used by experiment E706 at Fermilab. The reconstructed pi(0) mass was used to calibrate the energy response of the calorimeter. The systematic uncertainty in the linearity and uniformity of the mean-energy response of the calorimeter after calibration was found to be less than +/- 0.5% for the sample of data analyzed. Detector characteristics, including sampling fluctuations and position resolution, are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Ginther, G (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; OI Begel, Michael/0000-0002-1634-4399 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 417 IS 1 BP 50 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00567-1 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 136QH UT WOS:000076870300005 ER PT J AU Schmid, GJ Macchiavelli, AO Asztalos, SJ Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Kruecken, R Lee, IY MacLeod, RW Stephens, FS Vetter, K AF Schmid, GJ Macchiavelli, AO Asztalos, SJ Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Kruecken, R Lee, IY MacLeod, RW Stephens, FS Vetter, K TI Gamma-ray polarization sensitivity of the Gammasphere segmented germanium detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray polarimeter; 197Pb level scheme ID COMPTON POLARIMETER AB We present a technique for operating the Gammasphere segmented Ge detectors as gamma-ray polarimeters. Using gamma-rays of known polarization, we have measured the polarization sensitivity, Q(E-gamma), of these detectors in the energy range E-gamma = 0.4-1.4 MeV. The experimentally obtained value of Q ranges from 5% at 415 keV to 4% at 1368 keV. The magnitude and energy dependence of Q(E-gamma) has also been determined theoretically by means of a Monte Carlo simulation, and the agreement between experiment and theory is within 20% over the energy range measured. In order to investigate the potential for operating Gammasphere as a gamma-ray polarimeter in a high background environment (one which is typical of high-spin nuclear structure studies), we also discuss data that we have analyzed from the Yb-176 (Mg-26, 5n)Pb-197 reaction at E = 135 MeV. Although the polarimeter performance of Gammasphere is seen to be relatively poor, we are still able to demonstrate, by way of gamma-ray polarization measurements, that "Shears Band 1" in Pb-197 Should have negative parity. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schmid, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Isotope Sci Div, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gjschmid@llnl.gov RI Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013 OI Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 417 IS 1 BP 95 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00624-X PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 136QH UT WOS:000076870300009 ER PT J AU Palmieri, VG Borer, K Janos, S Esposito, A Da Via, C Li, Z AF Palmieri, VG Borer, K Janos, S Esposito, A Da Via, C Li, Z TI Experimental test of the hybrid superconducting pixel detector principle SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE radiation hard; cryogenic pixel detector ID DRIFT VELOCITY; SILICON AB We demonstrate the hybrid superconducting pixel detector (HSPD) principle using a test configuration. This device consists of a Si detector bonded by ultra-thin Al wires to a high quality Nb/AlOx/Nb Josephson Tunnel Junction acting as current sensitive discriminator. Experimental data, obtained with a Ru-106 beta source, clearly show minimum ionising particle (mip) detection capability. The efficiency of the tested device reaches 90% with signals corresponding to 2 mips and it can be significantly improved once the complete device is monolithically integrated in one circuit. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Electrotech Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Palmieri, VG (reprint author), Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM vittorio.palmieri@cern.ch NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 417 IS 1 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00585-3 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 136QH UT WOS:000076870300010 ER PT J AU Cesareo, R Gigante, GE Hanson, AL AF Cesareo, R Gigante, GE Hanson, AL TI A method for forward energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of thin and intermediate samples SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article AB The usefulness of forward geometry in Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. This work relates to milli- and micro-beams, which limits this work to tightly collimated incident X-ray beams (<1 mm). The use of forward geometry also limits the targets to be of thin and intermediate thickness. The advantages and the peculiarities of using a forward geometry for XRF are discussed. Forward X-Ray Fluorescence (FXRF) has features including: (a) high geometrical efficiencies when using tightly collimated primary beams; (b) a minimisation in the uncertainty in the interaction volume; (c) a sample thickness at which the production of characteristic X rays is maximised; and (d) a filtering action by intermediate thickness samples resulting in an enhancement of the sensitivity for higher atomic number elements with respect to lower atomic number elements. For thin and intermediate thickness samples simultaneous forward and backward geometry XRF can be used to correct for self-absorption effect. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sassari, Ist Matemat & Fis, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cesareo, R (reprint author), Univ Sassari, Ist Matemat & Fis, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. OI Gigante, Giovanni Ettore/0000-0001-5943-9366 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD NOV PY 1998 VL 145 IS 3 BP 434 EP 448 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00418-2 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 140FF UT WOS:000077076100017 ER PT J AU Ooguri, H AF Ooguri, H TI M theory fivebrane and SQCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference - STRINGS 97 CY JUN 16-21, 1997 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID CALABI-YAU THREEFOLDS; YANG-MILLS THEORY; F-THEORY; COMPACTIFICATIONS; SINGULARITIES; STRINGS; DUALITY; QCD C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ooguri, Hirosi/A-4407-2011; OI Ooguri, Hirosi/0000-0001-6021-3778 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 68 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00142-X PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZX727 UT WOS:000074548600009 ER PT J AU Silverstein, E AF Silverstein, E TI Closing the generation gap SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference - STRINGS 97 CY JUN 16-21, 1997 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID STRING THEORY; DIMENSIONS; DYNAMICS; CONDENSATION; MANIFOLDS; VACUA AB I describe recent examples of phase transitions in four-dimensional M theory vacua in which the net generation number changes. There are naive obstructions to transitions lifting chiral matter, but loopholes exist which enable us to avoid them. I first review how chirality arises in the heterotic limit of M theory, previously known forms of topology change in string theory, and chirality-changing phase transitions in six dimensions. This leads to the construction of the four-dimensional examples, Which involve wrapped M-theory fivebranes at an E-8 wall. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Mail Stop 81,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 68 BP 274 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(98)00160-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZX727 UT WOS:000074548600027 ER PT J AU Vilim, RB AF Vilim, RB TI A probabilistic method for on-line response prediction of uncertain and dynamic systems SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID REACTOR AB A model-based method is developed to predict probabilistic margins to safety limits for passively safe reactors where the same physical mechanisms that control reactor behavior at power also control off-normal response. Model parameter values are estimated using the maximum likelihood method from the plant response to perturbations of flow: temperature, and rod reactivity applied during normal operation. The resulting model can be used to predict plant response to upsets and provide a probabilistic measure of how closely safety limits would be approached. The method is applied to the Integral Fast Reactor. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vilim, RB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 130 IS 3 BP 292 EP 308 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134FW UT WOS:000076733200002 ER PT J AU Laird, CE Mullins, DH McGibney, DB Swartz, J Kamau, RW AF Laird, CE Mullins, DH McGibney, DB Swartz, J Kamau, RW TI Activation by protons in range-thick lead and tungsten spallation targets SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The activation of spallation targets of Pb and W has been studied for range-thick targets at proton energies of 0.84, 1.00, and 1.42 GeV. The production of radioactive nuclei per incident proton pel cubic centimetre has been determined at six depths in the target material. Comparisons have been made with high-energy transport code calculations at 0.84 and 1.00 GeV and with calculations for 800-MeV experiments using similar targets at Los Alamos National Laboratory. C1 Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Appl Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Laird, CE (reprint author), Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. EM PHYLAIRD@ACS.EKU.EDU NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 130 IS 3 BP 320 EP 339 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134FW UT WOS:000076733200004 ER PT J AU Grimes, SM Anderson, JD Bauer, RW Madsen, VA AF Grimes, SM Anderson, JD Bauer, RW Madsen, VA TI Justification of a simple Ramsauer model for neutron total cross sections SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The simple nuclear Ramsauer model has been used successfully to fit neutron total cross sections for more than four decades but has not been widely used because the foundations of the model seem so unrealistic. A diffraction model calculation with the inclusion of refraction and optical model calculations are shown to validate the use of this simple nuclear Ramsauer model for neutron total cross sections in the neutron energy region of 6 to 60 MeV. This model yields a simple formula for parameterizing the energy dependence of the neutron total cross section. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Grimes, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 130 IS 3 BP 340 EP 347 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134FW UT WOS:000076733200005 ER PT J AU Bauer, RW Anderson, JD Grimes, SM Knapp, DA Madsen, VA AF Bauer, RW Anderson, JD Grimes, SM Knapp, DA Madsen, VA TI Application of a simple Ramsauer model for neutron total cross sections SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A companion paper presented arguments that support the applicability of a simple Ramsauer model to describe neutron total cross sections. Such a model yields a simple equation for the energy dependence of the cross section of a given nucleus and also allows extrapolation to nuclei of other A values. Fits of the Ramsauer form to very precise total cross sections recently measured over an extended energy range are presented. Very good fits are obtained for neutron energies between 6 and 60 MeV, suggesting that this approach will be useful for estimating cross sections in cases where experimental data are unavailable. Extension of this model to 120 MeV was only moderately successful. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bauer, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 130 IS 3 BP 348 EP 360 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134FW UT WOS:000076733200006 ER PT J AU Booth, TE AF Booth, TE TI Monte Carlo estimates of transport solutions to the isotropic slab problem SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The analytic form of the transport solution to the one-speed finite slab problem with isotropic scattering is known. The parameters for this form can be estimated by Monte Carlo methods. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Code Integrat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Booth, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Code Integrat Grp, XC1,Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM teb@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 130 IS 3 BP 374 EP 385 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 134FW UT WOS:000076733200008 ER PT J AU Chang, GS AF Chang, GS TI Response to "comments on 'neutronic and burnup characteristics of an actinide-reduced plutonium fuel with tungsten'" SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Chang, GS (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 124 IS 2 BP 199 EP 200 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 132UG UT WOS:000076648100010 ER PT J AU Chiang, PW Zhang, RB Stubbs, L Zhang, L Zhu, L Kurnit, DM AF Chiang, PW Zhang, RB Stubbs, L Zhang, L Zhu, L Kurnit, DM TI Comparison of murine Supt4h and a nearly identical expressed, processed gene: evidence of sequence conservation through gene conversion extending into the untranslated regions SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUSE; HOMOLOG; CLUSTER; SEARCH AB We show herein the transcription of a processed gene that originated from a spliced transcript, Recently, we isolated the human and murine homologues of the yeast chromatin protein, SPT4, The Supt4h gene is spliced normally from five exons encoded by chromosome II, Here we show that a related sequence on chromosome 10 encodes Supt4h2, a processed intronless gene (with a polyA tail and a tandemly-duplicated 13 bp insertion site in the genome) with a different 5' control region. Both the spliced gene, Supt4h, and the processed gene, Supt4h2, are expressed in each of four tissues we examined. Supt4h2 encodes a 117 amino acid protein nearly identical to the Supt4h gene product with only one amino acid difference, indicating extreme conservation of this expressed processed gene with the spliced gene over evolutionary time, This illustrates another potential complexity of the mammalian genome, i,e, the use of a processed gene under the control of a different promoter region than the spliced gene. C1 Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. CLONTECH Labs, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Chiang, PW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1150 W Med Ctr Dr,3520 MSRB 1, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM pwchiang@umich.edu OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 FU NCI NIH HHS [R42 CA77235]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL50025] NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 26 IS 21 BP 4960 EP 4964 DI 10.1093/nar/26.21.4960 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 136EJ UT WOS:000076845300025 PM 9776760 ER PT J AU Dyer, JS Edmunds, T Butler, JC Jia, JM AF Dyer, JS Edmunds, T Butler, JC Jia, JM TI A multiattribute utility analysis of alternatives for the disposition of surplus weapons-grade plutonium SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR WASTE AB This paper describes an application of multiattribute utility theory to support the selection of a technology for the disposition of surplus weapons-grade plutonium by the Department of Energy (DOE). This analysis evaluated 13 alternatives, examined the sensitivity of the recommendations to the weights and assumptions, and quantified the potential benefit of the simultaneous deployment of several technologies. The measures of performance that were identified through the creation of a hierarchy of objectives helped to organize the information collected during the evaluation process, and the results of the analysis were presented to DOE on several occasions. This analysis supported the final DOE recommendation to pursue a strategy of the parallel development of two of the most preferred technologies. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Management Sci & Informat Syst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. RP Dyer, JS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Management Sci & Informat Syst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 6 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 46 IS 6 BP 749 EP 762 DI 10.1287/opre.46.6.749 PG 14 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 278GN UT WOS:000084981100001 ER PT J AU Foster, I Geisler, J Gropp, W Karonis, N Lusk, E Thiruvathukal, G Tuecke, S AF Foster, I Geisler, J Gropp, W Karonis, N Lusk, E Thiruvathukal, G Tuecke, S TI Wide-area implementation of the Message Passing Interface SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Message Passing Interface; message passing model; metacomputing; multi-method communication ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE; COMPUTING SYSTEMS; COMMUNICATION AB The Message Passing Interface (MPI) can be used as a portable, high-performance programming model for wide-area computing systems. The wide-area environment introduces challenging problems for the MPI implementor, due to the heterogeneity of both the underlying physical infrastructure and the software environment at different sites. In this article, we describe an MPI implementation that incorporates solutions to these problems. This implementation has been constructed by extending the Argonne MPICH implementation of MPI to use communication services provided by the Nexus communication library and authentication, resource allocation, process creation/management, and information services provided by the I-Soft system (initially) and the Globus metacomputing toolkit (work in progress). Nexus provides multimethod communication mechanisms that allow multiple communication methods to be used in a single computation with a uniform interface; I-Soft and Globus provided standard authentication, resource management, and process management mechanisms. We describe how these various mechanisms are supported in the Nexus implementation of MPI and present performance results for this implementation on multicomputers and networked systems. We also discuss how more advanced services provided by the Globus metacomputing toolkit are being used to construct a second-generation wide-area MPI. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM foster@mcs.anl.gov OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029; Tuecke, Steven/0000-0003-2038-2512 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 EI 1872-7336 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 24 IS 12-13 BP 1735 EP 1749 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(98)00075-1 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 137FW UT WOS:000076904900003 ER PT J AU Casanova, H Dongarra, J AF Casanova, H Dongarra, J TI Using agent-based software for scientific computing in the NetSolve system SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE agent; metacomputing; client-server; scientific computing; networking; load balancing; fault tolerance; computational servers ID LINEAR ALGEBRA SUBPROGRAMS; SET AB Agent-based computing is increasingly regarded as an elegant and efficient way of providing access to computational resources. Several metacomputing research projects are using intelligent agents to manage a resource space and to map user computation to these resources in an optimal fashion. Such a project is NetSolve, developed at the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NetSolve provides the user with a variety of interfaces that afford direct access to preinstalled, freely available numerical libraries. These libraries are embedded in computational servers. New numerical functionalities can be integrated easily into the servers by a specific framework. The NetSolve agent manages the coherency of the computational servers. It also uses predictions about the network and processor performances to assign user requests to the most suitable servers. This article reviews some of the basic concepts in agent-based design, discusses the NetSolve project and how its agent enhances flexibility and performance, and provides examples of other research efforts. Also discussed are future directions in agent-based computing in general and in NetSolve in particular. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Math Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Math Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 24 IS 12-13 BP 1777 EP 1790 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(98)00077-5 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 137FW UT WOS:000076904900005 ER PT J AU Sheehan, TJ Shelton, WA Pratt, TJ Papadopoulos, PM LoCascio, P Dunigan, TH AF Sheehan, TJ Shelton, WA Pratt, TJ Papadopoulos, PM LoCascio, P Dunigan, TH TI The locally self-consistent multiple scattering code in a geographically distributed linked MPP environment SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE linked MPP environment; locally self-consistent multiple scattering; performance measurements AB Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), and Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) are in the midst of a project through which their supercomputers are linked via high speed networks. The overall goal of this project is to solve national security and scientific problems too large to run on any single available machine. This paper describes the infrastructure used in the linked computing environment and discusses issues related to porting and running the Locally Self-consistent Multiple Scattering (LSMS) code in the linked environment. In developing a geographically distributed heterogeneous environment of high performance massively parallel processors (MPP) and porting code to it, a variety of problems were encountered and solved. Comparative performance measurements for the LSMS on a single machine and across linked machines are given along with an interpretation of the results. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Pittsburgh Supercomp Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Sheehan, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 24 IS 12-13 BP 1827 EP 1846 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 137FW UT WOS:000076904900008 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Olman, V Uberbacher, EC AF Xu, Y Olman, V Uberbacher, EC TI A segmentation algorithm for noisy images: Design and evaluation SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE image segmentation; noisy image processing; minimum spanning tree application AB This paper presents a segmentation algorithm for gray-level images and addresses issues related to its performance on noisy images. It formulates an image segmentation problem as a partition of an image into (arbitrarily-shaped) connected regions to minimize the sum of gray-level variations over all partitioned regions, under the constraints that (1) each partitioned region has at least a specified number of pixels, and (2) two adjacent regions have significantly different "average" gray-levels. To overcome the computational difficulty of directly solving this problem, a minimum spanning tree representation of a gray-level image has been developed. With this tree representation, an image segmentation problem is effectively reduced to a tree partitionings problem, which can be solved efficiently. To evaluate the algorithm, we have studied how noise affects the performance of the algorithm. Three types of noise, transmission noise, Gaussian additive noise, and multiple sources of lightings, are considered, and their effects on the algorithm are studied. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Computat Biosci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Computat Biosci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xyn@ornl.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8655 J9 PATTERN RECOGN LETT JI Pattern Recognit. Lett. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 19 IS 13 BP 1213 EP 1224 DI 10.1016/S0167-8655(98)00102-0 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 152YH UT WOS:000077805200008 ER PT J AU Hauck, WW Tozer, TN Anderson, S Bois, FY AF Hauck, WW Tozer, TN Anderson, S Bois, FY TI Considerations in the attainment of steady state: Aggregate vs. individual assessment SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE multiple-dose clinical pharmacology trials; steady state pharmacokinetics; aggregate evaluation; individual evaluation ID BIOAVAILABILITY; EQUIVALENCE; POWER C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Biostat Sect, Div Clin Pharmacol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Pharm, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Hauck, WW (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Biostat Sect, Div Clin Pharmacol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM w_hauck@lac.jci.tju.edu RI Bois, Frederic/E-9241-2012 OI Bois, Frederic/0000-0002-4154-0391 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL51401] NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0724-8741 J9 PHARMACEUT RES JI Pharm. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1796 EP 1798 DI 10.1023/A:1011933401522 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 138VR UT WOS:000076994500026 PM 9834006 ER PT J AU Soneda, N de la Rubia, TD AF Soneda, N de la Rubia, TD TI Defect production, annealing kinetics and damage evolution in alpha-Fe: an atomic-scale computer simulation SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; X-RAY SCATTERING; HIGH-ENERGY CASCADES; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; POINT-DEFECT; TRANSITION-METALS; BCC METALS; COPPER; IRRADIATION; CU AB Radiation-induced microstructural and compositional changes in solids are governed by the interaction between the fraction of defects that escape their nascent cascade and the material. We use a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations to calculate the damage production efficiency and the fraction of freely migrating defects in alpha-Fe at 600 K. MD simulations provide information on the nature of the primary damage state as a function of recoil energy, and on the kinetics and energetics of point defects and small defect clusters. The KMC simulations use as input the MD results and provide a description of defect diffusion and interaction over long time and length scales. For the MD simulations, we employ the analytical embedded-atom potential developed by Johnson and Oh for alpha-Fe, including a modification of the short-range repulsive interaction. We use MD to calculate the diffusivities of point defects and small defect clusters and the binding energy of small vacancy and interstitial clusters. We show that, at temperatures below about 600 K, small interstitial clusters form prismatic dislocation loops which migrate in one dimension with a very low activation energy E-a approximate to 0.1 eV. We also present results of MD simulations of displacement cascades at energies up to 20 keV. The results show that, for recoil energies above 5 keV, interstitials are produced in the form of small prismatic loops with a high probability, but vacancies are not. The MD results are then combined with a KMC simulation of defect interaction and diffusion, which includes the one-dimensional glide of small interstitial loops. The results provide a clear picture of the damage annealing process and show that for 20 keV cascades the escape probability for both vacancies and interstitials is about 65%. This results in a freely migrating defect production efficiency of 20% of the total defect production predicted by the modified Kinchin-Pease model (the displacements per atom standard). The capability of the hybrid MD-KMC method for carrying out long length and time scale simulations of damage evolution in irradiated materials is emphasized. C1 Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Komae, Tokyo 201, Japan. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soneda, N (reprint author), Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, 2-11-1 Iwato Kita, Komae, Tokyo 201, Japan. NR 57 TC 205 Z9 208 U1 6 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 78 IS 5 BP 995 EP 1019 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 146KG UT WOS:000077427400001 ER PT J AU Wang, JY King, AH Zhu, YM Wang, YL Suenaga, M AF Wang, JY King, AH Zhu, YM Wang, YL Suenaga, M TI On the correlation of grain boundary misorientation distribution with critical current in bulk processed YBa2Cu3O7-delta SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; TWIST BOUNDARIES; THIN-FILMS; ORIENTATIONS; BICRYSTALS; GENERATION; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALS; TEXTURE AB The grain boundary misorientation distribution of bulk processed high-ir, superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-delta was studied as a function of processing conditions. The deviation of the grain boundary misorientation distribution (GBMD) from the random distribution, was tested using a chi(2) analysis, and a grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) based upon the coincidence site lattice (CSL) model was developed and applied. The GBMD and GBCD both showed evolution departing from a random distribution for processing temperatures above 935 degrees C. The GBCD analysis suggests an increase in the population of CSL-related boundaries with annealing time and temperature; and, in particular, the population of boundaries related to CSLs derived from a crystal with c/a > 3 continued to increase with annealing, while the population of boundaries related to other CSLs (c/a = 3) remained essentially constant. Comparison of the GBCD with the volume-averaged J(c) for each processing condition, indicates that the increasing proportion of 'c/a > 3' boundaries is related to a reduction in J(c). C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Sci Mat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, JY (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI King, Alexander/B-3148-2012; King, Alexander/P-6497-2015 OI King, Alexander/0000-0001-9677-3769; King, Alexander/0000-0001-7101-6585 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1049 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 146KG UT WOS:000077427400003 ER PT J AU Gharghouri, MA Weatherly, GC Embury, JD AF Gharghouri, MA Weatherly, GC Embury, JD TI The interaction of twins and precipitates in a Mg-7.7 at.% Al alloy SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATIONS; MAGNESIUM AB Deformation twinning has been studied in a precipitation-strengthened Mg-7.7 at.% Al alloy by transmission electron microscopy. The nature of the interaction between the twins and the second phase was found to be dependent on the relative thickness of the twin and the precipitate. Twirls were observed to engulf, bypass or impinge upon the precipitates, but the precipitates themselves were not twinned. The bypass mechanism was associated with a change in the apparent habit plane of the twin, and the production of an array of [c + a] dislocations in the matrix adjacent to the twin. A model, based on basal plane slip in the twin, was invoked to explain these features. C1 DalTech, Dept Min & Mat Engn, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gharghouri, MA (reprint author), DalTech, Dept Min & Mat Engn, Sexton Campus, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada. NR 16 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1137 EP 1149 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 146KG UT WOS:000077427400011 ER PT J AU Petit, L Beiden, SV Temmerman, WM Szotek, Z Stocks, GM Gehring, GA AF Petit, L Beiden, SV Temmerman, WM Szotek, Z Stocks, GM Gehring, GA TI Screened real-space study of the magnetic properties of Ni SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; KOHN-ROSTOKER METHOD; MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; ENERGY AB We have implemented screening in the fully relativistic spin-polarized version of the real-space Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) band-structure method. Exploiting the resulting sparsity of the KKR matrix, we were able to accelerate the matrix inversions considerably. The factors determining the convergence of the method as a function of atoms in the cluster are discussed, and we show results obtained for the magnetic and orbital moment of elemental Ni. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Petit, L (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. RI Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016; OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X; Petit, Leon/0000-0001-6489-9922 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 78 IS 5-6 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1080/13642819808206744 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 146KF UT WOS:000077427300008 ER PT J AU Galanakis, I Alouani, M Wills, JM Dreysse, H AF Galanakis, I Alouani, M Wills, JM Dreysse, H TI A real-space full-potential localized LMTO method for non-collinear magnetism SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article AB We have implemented the localized full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) method in real-space representation suitable for the study of noncollinear magnetism. In particular, we show (1) how to obtain a full potential localized basis-set, (2) how to construct the Hamiltonian and the overlap matrix elements, (3) the use of the recursion method to obtain the Greens function, (4) the calculation of the charge density, and (5) the solution of the Poisson equation to compute the Coulomb potential. C1 Inst Phys & Chim Mat Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Galanakis, I (reprint author), Inst Phys & Chim Mat Strasbourg, 23 Rue Du Loess,BP 20 CR, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RI Alouani, Mebarek/A-9101-2011; Galanakis, Iosif/E-7969-2013 OI Alouani, Mebarek/0000-0002-7985-5276; NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 78 IS 5-6 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1080/13642819808206746 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 146KF UT WOS:000077427300010 ER PT J AU Stocks, GM Ujfalussy, B Wang, XD Nicholson, DMC Shelton, WA Wang, Y Canning, A Gyorffy, BL AF Stocks, GM Ujfalussy, B Wang, XD Nicholson, DMC Shelton, WA Wang, Y Canning, A Gyorffy, BL TI Towards a constrained local moment model for first principles spin dynamics SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METALS; MAGNETISM; SYSTEMS; IRON AB We argue that, as originally formulated, the first principles spin dynamics of the finite-temperature and non-equilibrium properties of itinerant magnets recently proposed by Antropov el al. is not clearly defined within density functional theory. We show how constrained density functional theory can be used to provide a formal basis for describing the instantaneous non-collinear states that are being evolved according to the classical equation of motion of spin-dynamics. We propose a constrained local moment (CLM) model in which specific orientational configurations are maintained by local transverse constraining fields that are obtained self-consistently. A general algorithm for finding the constraining fields is used and the existence of a CLM state is demonstrated for specific model problems including a cell of 512 Fe atoms for which the orientations of the magnetic moments are random. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pittsburgh Supercomp Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Supercomp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ujfalussy, Balazs/A-8155-2013; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Ujfalussy, Balazs/0000-0003-3338-4699; Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 13 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 78 IS 5-6 BP 665 EP 673 DI 10.1080/13642819808206775 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 146KF UT WOS:000077427300039 ER PT J AU Pang, L Chisholm, MF Kumar, KS AF Pang, L Chisholm, MF Kumar, KS TI {001} faults in B2 Fe-40 at.% Al-0.7 at.% C-0.5 at.% B SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEAL; ALLOY AB The nature of planar defects in a quaternary Fe-40 at.% Al-0.5 at.% B-0.7 at.% C alloy has been investigated using diffraction contrast analysis in a transmission electron microscope and via Z-contrast electron microscopy. From diffraction analysis, it is confirmed that the fringe contrast observed is due to complex planar faults on {100} planes with displacement vectors 1/2 [100] lying in the fault plane. This conclusion is verified by direct observation of the faults using Z-contrast microscopy. In addition to the 1/2[100] in-plane shift, there is also an aluminium layer missing at the fault. These complex faults also display antiphase-boundary contrast when examined using a superlattice reflection. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pang, L (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 78 IS 5 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1080/095008398177742 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 136DR UT WOS:000076843700003 ER PT J AU Mikulla, R Gumbsch, P Trebin, HR AF Mikulla, R Gumbsch, P Trebin, HR TI Dislocations in quasicrystals and their interaction with cluster-like obstacles SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE QUASI-CRYSTALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; PATTERNS; SYMMETRY; STRESS AB A dislocation moving through a quasicrystal leaves in its wake a fault denoted a phason wall. For a two-dimensional model quasicrystal the disregistry energy of this phason wall is studied to determine possible Burgers vectors of the quasicrystalline structure. Unlike periodic crystals, the disregistry energy is an average quantity with large fluctuations on the atomic scale. Therefore the dislocation core structure and mobility cannot be linked to this quantity, e.g. by a Peierls-Nabarro model. Atomistic simulations show that dislocation motion is controlled by local obstacles inherent to the atomic structure of the quasicrystal. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret & Angew Phys, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Max Planck Inst Met Forsch, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Mikulla, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Mailstop B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gumbsch, Peter/E-5879-2012 OI Gumbsch, Peter/0000-0001-7995-228X NR 21 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 78 IS 5 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1080/095008398177760 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 136DR UT WOS:000076843700005 ER PT J AU Chiba, T Wang, YL Sabatini, RL Li, Q Wu, LJ Suenaga, M Haldar, P Noto, K AF Chiba, T Wang, YL Sabatini, RL Li, Q Wu, LJ Suenaga, M Haldar, P Noto, K TI Enhanced critical current in Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10/Ag tapes by a low-temperature intermediate heat treatment SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE critical current; Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10/Ag tape; heat treatment ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; CLAD BSCCO-2223 TAPES; CU-O SYSTEM; COOLING RATE; BI; AG; MICROSTRUCTURE; POWDER; FIELD; WIRES AB A factor of similar to 1.5 enhancement in critical current I-c (at the I-c criterion of 0.01 mu V/mm) of a Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10/Ag tape was observed by an introduction of a preheat treatment, 600 degrees C for 6 h, prior to the final heat treatment at 840 degrees C in the fabrication process of the tape. This enhancement was also equally observed for tapes which were heat treated with substantially different temperature ramp rates for the final heat treatment. Perhaps, more importantly this increase in I, was associated with a sharpening of the resistive transition and with reductions in the specimen-to-specimen variations in I,. Furthermore, it is suggestive that these improvements are primarily due to improved intergranular connectivity rather than to enhanced vortex pinning strength. The standard theta-2 theta X-ray diffraction measurements on these specimens suggested that the ubiquitous high-Pb-containing precipitate, 3221, (Bi,Pb)(3)Sr2Ca2CuOx (or 531, (Sr,Ca)(5)(Bi,Pb)(3)CuOx), appeared to play a significant role in these enhancements by precipitating during the preheat treatment and melting as the temperature is raised to the reaction temperature. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Intermagnet Gen Corp, Latham, NY 12110 USA. Iwate Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Morioka, Iwate 020, Japan. RP Suenaga, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 308 IS 1-2 BP 40 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(98)00382-7 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 141CF UT WOS:000077124500007 ER PT J AU Zharnitsky, V AF Zharnitsky, V TI A note on adiabatic invariance in Hamiltonian systems depending singularly on the slow time SO PHYSICA D LA English DT Article AB A one-degree-of-freedom oscillatory Hamiltonian system with a parameter depending singularly on the slow time is considered. It is shown that the system possesses an adiabatic invariant and its asymptotics is estimated for a rather general type of singularity. The leading term of the asymptotics turns out to be given by an integral of Fresnel type and the order of asymptotics is related to the type of singularity (stronger singularities cause larger change of adiabatic invariant). The result is applied to estimate the reflection coefficient in the problem of scattering electromagnetic wave on an obstacle with refraction index depending singularly on the coordinate. The relation to the stationary phase method is outlined. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zharnitsky, V (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Box F, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 122 IS 1-4 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(98)00179-1 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 122UA UT WOS:000076088800003 ER PT J AU Papp, T Campbell, JL Raman, S AF Papp, T Campbell, JL Raman, S TI Fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields of the L-1 shell in gadolinium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; SYNCHROTRON PHOTOIONIZATION; SPECTRA; INTENSITY; PROBABILITIES; RESOLUTION; K-BETA-2; WIDTHS; STATES; PROTON AB Using a Si(Li) x-ray spectrometer, we have measured the respective fractions of L-1, L-2, and L-3 x rays in the L x-ray spectrum emitted in the Tb-157-Gd-157 electron-capture decay. Using, in addition, our previously measured value for the ratio of L and K x rays, we deduce values for the fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields of the L-1 subshell. These are omega(1)=0.101+/-0.005, f(12)=0.166+/-0.020, and f(13)=0.287+/-0.014. The f(12) and f(13) values are significantly below the predictions of the independent-particle model (IPM). The deduced L, level width of 3.7 eV is also significantly below the IPM width of 4.6 eV. [S1050-2947(98)01011-7]. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, ATOMKI, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Program Grad Work Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Papp, T (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, ATOMKI, Postfach 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 3537 EP 3543 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.3537 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 138FT UT WOS:000076961300027 ER PT J AU Hansen, DL Arrasate, ME Cotter, J Fisher, GR Hemmers, O Leung, KT Levin, JC Martin, R Neill, P Perera, RCC Sellin, IA Simon, M Uehara, Y Vanderford, B Whitfield, SB Lindle, DW AF Hansen, DL Arrasate, ME Cotter, J Fisher, GR Hemmers, O Leung, KT Levin, JC Martin, R Neill, P Perera, RCC Sellin, IA Simon, M Uehara, Y Vanderford, B Whitfield, SB Lindle, DW TI Photofragmentation of third-row hydrides following photoexcitation at deep-core levels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINE; HIGH-ENERGY-RESOLUTION; ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; K-SHELL EXCITATION; DECAY CHANNELS; COINCIDENCE MEASUREMENTS; PHOTOABSORPTION SPECTRA; PHOTOION SPECTRA; H2S AB The relaxation dynamics of HCl, DCl, H2S, and D2S following photoexcitation in the vicinities of the Cl and 8 K-shell thresholds (similar to 2.8 keV for Cl, similar to 2.5 keV for S) were studied by means of ion time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. In all cases; the onset of pre-edge core-shell photoionization precedes the formation on resonance of a significant amount of neutral hydrogen as well as postcollision-interaction effects above threshold. Examination of the width of the H+ peak in spectra taken with the analyzer parallel and perpendicular to the polarization vector of the incident light indicates that on resonance, the photofragmentation asymmetry parameter, beta, is approximately two for HCl, and is clearly positive for H2S. [S1050-2947(98)08211-0]. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Paris 11, Utilisat Rayonnement Electromagnet Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. CENS, CEA, Dept Rech Etat Condense Atom & Mol, Serv Photons Atomes & Mol, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys & Astron, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. RP Hansen, DL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 3757 EP 3765 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.3757 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 138FT UT WOS:000076961300051 ER PT J AU Sheehy, B Lafon, R Widmer, M Walker, B DiMauro, LF Agostini, PA Kulander, KC AF Sheehy, B Lafon, R Widmer, M Walker, B DiMauro, LF Agostini, PA Kulander, KC TI Single- and multiple-electron dynamics in the strong-field tunneling limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; NONSEQUENTIAL DOUBLE-IONIZATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; HARMONIC-GENERATION; NOBLE-GASES; LASER; HELIUM; RESCATTERING; ATOMS; DEPENDENCE AB Evolution of atomic ionization into the strong-field limit offers the opportunity to study the fundamentals of atom-laser interaction. In this study, we report on high precision measurements of the ion and electron distributions from laser-excited helium and neon atoms which reflect the changing continuum dynamics as the ionization process evolves into the pure tunneling regime. The experiments present evidence of both single- and two-electron ionization. These data provide a direct quantitative test of various theories of strong-field ionization. We show that a relatively simple semiclassical model which includes a description of a field-driven electron elastically rescattering from an accurate ion core potential reproduces the measured electron distributions for both atoms. However, using this model to calculate e-2e inelastic rescattering yields cross sections which are incompatible with the measured two-electron ionization. [S1050-2947(98)06111-3]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CENS, Serv Photons Atomes & Mol, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Theoret Atom & Mol Phys Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sheehy, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Walker, Barry/F-8532-2011 NR 41 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 3942 EP 3952 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.3942 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 138FT UT WOS:000076961300072 ER PT J AU Abdallah, MA Wolff, W Wolf, HE Cocke, CL Stockli, M AF Abdallah, MA Wolff, W Wolf, HE Cocke, CL Stockli, M TI Observation of an impact-parameter window in low-velocity ionizing collisions of Ne+ on Ne proceeding through quasimolecular states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ENERGIES; HE AB Target ionization in collisions of singly charged Ne+ ions with Ne has been investigated at projectile velocities from 0.25 to 0.55 a.u. using electron and recoil momentum imaging techniques. The momentum distributions of the ejected electrons were found to carry a distinct signature strongly suggesting that ionization is taking place by successive promotions through molecular orbitals. The observed recoil transverse momentum distributions are donut-shaped, indicating that single ionization is confined to a well-defined impact-parameter window. [S1050-2947(98)50311-3]. C1 Kansas State Univ, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Abdallah, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wolff, Wania/O-5556-2015 NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP R3379 EP R3382 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.R3379 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 138FT UT WOS:000076961300003 ER PT J AU Kelchner, CL Plimpton, SJ Hamilton, JC AF Kelchner, CL Plimpton, SJ Hamilton, JC TI Dislocation nucleation and defect structure during surface indentation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NANOINDENTATION; CONTACT; ALLOYS; LOAD; CU AB We model indentation of a metal surface by combining an atomistic metal with a hard-sphere indenter. This work provides atomistic imaging of dislocation nucleation during displacement controlled indentation on a passivated surface. Dislocations and defects are located and imaged by local deviations from centrosymmetry. For a Au(lll) surface, nucleation of partial dislocation loops occurs below the surface inside the indenter contact area. We compare and contrast these observations with empirical criteria for dislocation nucleation and corresponding continuum elasticity solutions. [S0163-1829(98)02141-9]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kelchner, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 29 TC 998 Z9 1019 U1 21 U2 169 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11085 EP 11088 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11085 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700002 ER PT J AU Brown, RH Nicholson, DMC Butler, WH Zhang, XG Shelton, WA Schulthess, TC MacLaren, JM AF Brown, RH Nicholson, DMC Butler, WH Zhang, XG Shelton, WA Schulthess, TC MacLaren, JM TI Giant-magnetoresistance calculation for {111} Co/Cu/Co spin valves SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; MULTILAYERS; SANDWICHES AB We calculate the canting-angle and thickness dependence of the current-in-plane giant magnetoresistance (CMR) of a system. consisting of a copper slab between two cobalt slabs, where the canting angle is the angle between the magnetization vectors of the two cobalt slabs. We utilize the layer-Kohn-Korringa-Rostoker method to self-consistently calculate the electronic structure. Electron scattering by impurities, phonons, magnons, etc., is modeled with a layer- and spin-dependent complex self-energy. Scattering rates are chosen to match Cu and Co resistivities. The scattering rate for minority Co is assumed to be seven times larger than for majority Co, the same ratio as for the Fermi energy density of states in the two channels. The nonlocal layer-dependent conductivity is calculated using the Kubo-Greenwood formula. We find that the CMR decreases with copper thickness in a nonuniform manner due to changes in the behavior of waveguidelike modes in the copper slab. For fixed copper thickness the GMR dependence on cos theta, where theta is the relative angle between the cobalt slabs magnetization direct-ions, deviates from a linear dependence on cos theta. [S0163-1829(98)01138-2]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Luther Coll, Dept Phys, Decorah, IA 52101 USA. RP Brown, RH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11146 EP 11149 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11146 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700018 ER PT J AU Schilling, A Fisher, RA Phillips, NE Welp, U Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW AF Schilling, A Fisher, RA Phillips, NE Welp, U Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW TI Angular dependence of the latent heat of vortex-lattice melting in untwinned YBa2Cu3O7-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; ANISOTROPIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHASE-TRANSITION; LINE; ORDER AB We measured the latent heat of vortex-lattice melting for varying angles Theta between the external magnetic field H and the c axis of an untwinned YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystal. The discontinuity in entropy at melting, Delta S per unit volume of sample, depends solely on the temperature T where melting occurs, but does not depend on Theta and the corresponding melting field H-m(T,Theta). The T dependence of Delta S near the critical temperature T-c can be quantitatively explained by a recently developed theory based on the London model that accounts for the strong T dependence of the model parameters near T-c. [S0163-1829(98)02041-4]. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Ctr Supercond, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schilling, A (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11157 EP 11160 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11157 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700021 ER PT J AU Hill, JP Boothroyd, AT Andersen, NH Brecht, E Wolf, T AF Hill, JP Boothroyd, AT Andersen, NH Brecht, E Wolf, T TI Incommensurate magnetism in PrBa2Cu3O6.92 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PR; ORDER; SCATTERING; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; PHASE AB We report resonant x-ray magnetic scattering and high-resolution neutron-diffraction studies of the Pr site magnetism in high quality single crystals of PrBa2Cu3O6.92. These studies reveal that the Pr sublattice orders at 19 K in a well correlated, long period incommensurate structure with probable wave vector (0.5+/-delta,0.5,0) or (0.5,0.5+/-delta,0) with delta=0.006 r.l.u. The observed x-ray scattering results from dipole transitions, demonstrating the existence of an ordered 5d Pr moment and implying a large 4f moment at the Pr site. A spin reorientation transition to a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure of wave vector (0.5,0.5,0.5) is observed at lower temperatures. [S0163-1829(98)07041 -6]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Riso Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Chem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, INFP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Hill, JP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hill, John/F-6549-2011; Andersen, Niels/A-3872-2012 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11211 EP 11214 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11211 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700035 ER PT J AU Cross, JO Newville, M Rehr, JJ Sorensen, LB Bouldin, CE Watson, G Gouder, T Lander, GH Bell, MI AF Cross, JO Newville, M Rehr, JJ Sorensen, LB Bouldin, CE Watson, G Gouder, T Lander, GH Bell, MI TI Inclusion of local structure effects in theoretical x-ray resonant scattering amplitudes using ab initio x-ray-absorption spectra calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS FINE-STRUCTURE; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; POLARIZED DISPERSION; PHASE DETERMINATION; DIFFRACTION; REFLECTION; UO2 AB Improved calculations of Bragg peak intensities near atomic resonance are obtained by including the effect of the local environment around the resonant atoms on the resonant scattering amplitudes Delta f=f'+if" Theoretical absorption cross sections calculated by the ab initio x-ray-absorption code FEFF are used to obtain the imaginary part f" by extension of the optical theorem to nonforward scattering under the dipole approximation. The real part f' is obtained by a limited range Kramers-Kronig transform of the difference between f" based on FEFF and existing theoretical calculations of f" based on an isolated-atom model. The atomic part of Delta f calculated by FEFF for the resonant atom embedded in the local potential is assumed to have spherical symmetry; however, no restriction is placed on the spectral features due to multiple scattering of the intermediate-state virtual photoelectron. Bragg peak intensities calculated in the kinematic approximation using the FEFF-based Delta f are compared to intensities calculated using the isolated-atom Delta f and to experimental data for Cu metal and YBa2Cu3O6.8 at the Cu K absorption edge,and for UO2 at the U M-IV absorption edge. [S0163-1829(98)06541-2]. C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Cross, JO (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM jox@pnc.aps.anl.gov NR 45 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11215 EP 11225 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11215 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700036 ER PT J AU Morris, JR Lu, ZY Ring, DM Xiang, JB Ho, KM Wang, CZ Fu, CL AF Morris, JR Lu, ZY Ring, DM Xiang, JB Ho, KM Wang, CZ Fu, CL TI First-principles determination of the Sigma=13 {510} symmetric tilt boundary structure in silicon and germanium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SEGREGATION AB We have examined a variety of structures for the {510} symmetric tilt boundary in Si and Ge, using tight-binding and first-principles calculations. These calculations show that the observed structure in Si is the lowest-energy structure, despite the fact that it is more Complicated than what is necessary to preserve fourfold coordination. Contrary to calculations using a Tersoff potential, first-principles calculations show that the energy depends strongly upon the structure. A recently developed tight-binding model for Si produces results in very good agreement with the first-principles calculations. Electronic density of states calculations based upon this model show no evidence of midgap states and little evidence of electronic states localized to the grain boundary. [S0163-1829(98)08041-2]. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jrmorris@ameslab.gov RI 上官, 敏慧/E-8964-2012; Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11241 EP 11245 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11241 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700039 ER PT J AU Weir, ST Akella, J Ruddle, C Goodwin, T Hsiung, L AF Weir, ST Akella, J Ruddle, C Goodwin, T Hsiung, L TI Static strengths of Ta and U under ultrahigh pressures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND; STRESS; STRAIN AB We have performed high-pressure strength experiments on tantalum and uranium using a diamond-anvil cell. These experiments determined the: flow stresses of tantalum and uranium at room temperature and in the low strain rate limit (epsilon'<10(-6) sec(-1)) by using x-ray diffraction to measure the pressure gradients in the samples. We find that the flow stresses increase dramatically with increasing pressure and strain, with the flow stress of Ta reaching 10.3 GPa at a pressure of 85.8 GPa and an estimated strain of approximate to 90%, and the flow stress of U reaching 19.8 GPa at a pressure of 109.0 GPa and an estimated strain of approximate to 70%. With further increases in pressure and strain, the flow stresses decrease. This apparent strain-softening effect has also been observed in static high-pressure how stress experiments on other materials, and has been suggested to be due to either material damage or preferred orientation of grains induced by large strains. [S0163-1829(98)05141-8]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Weir, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012 NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11258 EP 11265 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11258 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700042 ER PT J AU Lynn, JE Kwei, GH Trela, WJ Yuan, VW Cort, B Martinez, RJ Vigil, FA AF Lynn, JE Kwei, GH Trela, WJ Yuan, VW Cort, B Martinez, RJ Vigil, FA TI Vibrational properties of Pu and Ga in a Pu-Ga alloy from neutron-resonance Doppler spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC DEBYE TEMPERATURES; POWDER DIFFRACTION; YBA2CU3O7; LA2CUO4 AB We have determined some of the phonon spectral parameters for Pu and Ga in the ''stabilized'' delta phase (fcc) of the Pu-3.6 at. % Ga alloy by measuring the Doppler broadening of neutron resonances as a function of temperature. We find the mean phonon energy (first moment of the phonon spectrum) of Pu to be [hv] = 8.22 +/- 0.12 meV and the second moment to be [(hv)(2)] = (7.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(-5) eV(2). These moments and the value of the (-1)st moment determined from. Debye-Waller factors from neutron powder diffraction are consistent with a Debye model with a Debye temperature of 127.21 +/- 1.7 K. For Ga in the Pu-Ga alloy, [h v] = 16.3 +/- 1.4 meV, which is slightly larger than the m(1/2)-weighted value of 15.3 meV expected from the value for Pu (however, the measured value cannot be distinguished from the latter value within experimental error). These results show that Pu-3.6 at. % Ga behaves very much like a Debye solid at ambient pressures and low temperature and that the Ga impurity experiences approximately the same (or a slightly stiffer) force field compared with the Pu it replaces. [S0163-1829(98)04538-X]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lynn, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11408 EP 11415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11408 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700057 ER PT J AU Granado, E Moreno, NO Garcia, A Sanjurjo, JA Rettori, C Torriani, I Oseroff, SB Neumeier, JJ McClellan, KJ Cheong, SW Tokura, Y AF Granado, E Moreno, NO Garcia, A Sanjurjo, JA Rettori, C Torriani, I Oseroff, SB Neumeier, JJ McClellan, KJ Cheong, SW Tokura, Y TI Phonon Raman scattering in R(1-x)A(x)MnO(3+delta) (R = La,Pr; A = Ca,Sr) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; LA1-XSRXMNO3; LA1-XCAXMNO3; LAMNO3+DELTA; PEROVSKITES; TRANSITIONS AB Polarized Raman spectra of single and polycrystalline R(1-x)A(x)MnO(3) (R = La,Pr;A = Ca,Sr) ceramic samples were studied as a function of temperature. For the rhombohedral LaMnO3.1 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, the observed Raman peaks were associated with modes arising from the folding of the Brillouin zone under lattice deformation. For the orthorhombic LaMnO3.0, the Raman spectra are consistent with the Pnma structure and show an anomalous softening of the 494 and 604 cm(-1) modes below the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature T-N similar or equal to 140 K. Polycrystalline samples of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 show a dramatic change of the Raman spectra between 100 and 160 K, which was associated with the increase of the orthorhombic distortion observed by others for T less than or similar to 240 K. Other R(1-x)A(x)MnO(3) single crystals, with small orthorhombic distortions, show Raman spectra which are similar to those observed in the rhombohedral samples. [S0163-1829(98)05338-7]. C1 UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AT&T Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Granado, E (reprint author), UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RI Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Granado, Eduardo/F-5389-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Torriani, Iris/E-5686-2010; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; NR 34 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11435 EP 11440 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11435 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700060 ER PT J AU Grimsditch, M Jaccard, Y Schuller, IK AF Grimsditch, M Jaccard, Y Schuller, IK TI Magnetic anisotropies in dot arrays: Shape anisotropy versus coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The magnetization and resonance frequencies of submicron Fe magnetic dot arrays are investigated using Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and magneto-optic Kerr Effect (MOKE). Large in-plane anisotropies, evident in both the BLS and MOKE results, are traced to shape anisotropies of the individual dots. The measured magnon frequencies are in good agreement with values calculated on the basis of isolated ellipsoids without interdot coupling. [S0163-1829(98)01241-7]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Grimsditch, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11539 EP 11543 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11539 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700074 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Doolen, GD Lopez, GV Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Doolen, GD Lopez, GV Tsifrinovich, VI TI Dynamics of a quantum control-not gate for an ensemble of four-spin molecules at room temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; COMPUTER; SYSTEMS AB We investigate numerically a single-electromagnetic-pulse implementation of a quantum control-not (CN) gate for an ensemble of Lsing spin systems at room temperature. For an ensemble of four-spin "molecules" we simulate the time evolution of the density matrix for both digital and superpositional initial conditions. Our numerical calculations confirm the feasibility of implementation of a quantum CN gate in this system at finite temperature, using a single electromagnetic pi pulse. We also study the quantum dynamics of creating entangled states in a macroscopic paramagnetic spin system at low temperatures, and compare the related quantum and corresponding classical dynamics. In the quantum case, one can create entangled states using a resonant interaction between the spin system and the electromagnetic pi pulse. In the classical limit, the interaction of the spin system with the same pulse becomes nonresonant and the corresponding classical dynamics differs significantly from the quantum: dynamics. This difference in the behavior of the macroscopic magnetization can be used in experiments as an indication of the existence of entangled states. [S0163-1829(98)01641-5]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fis, Guadalajara 44420, Jalisco, Mexico. Polytech Univ, Metrotech Ctr 6, Dept Appl Math & Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11570 EP 11576 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11570 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700077 ER PT J AU Tent, BA Qu, D Shi, DL Bresser, WJ Boolchand, P Cai, ZX AF Tent, BA Qu, D Shi, DL Bresser, WJ Boolchand, P Cai, ZX TI Angle dependence of magnetization in a single-domain YBa2Cu3Ox sphere SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRYSTALS; SOLIDIFICATION; GROWTH; OXIDE; FIELD AB The crystal angle dependence of magnetization has been measured in spherically shaped, single-domain YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO). The single-domain sample is processed by a seeded-melt growth process in which a small NdBa2Cu3Ox seed is used to induce domain growth through a-peritectic reaction in YBCO. It has been found that the angle dependence of magnetization can be obtained in a series of zero-field-cooled hysteresis loop measurements with warm-ups well above T-c between each measurement at a specific angle. In contrast to previously reported results, we have found that the angle dependence exhibits a sawtooth wave between 0 degrees and 360 degrees over a wide range of temperatures and fields. Furthermore, we have also measured the angle dependence on a YBCO plate and found similar behavior, indicating that the sawtooth wave is intrinsic to the superconductor. A physical model has been developed to explain the angle dependence of magnetization observed in this experiment. [S0163-1829(98)05541-6]. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tent, BA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45211 USA. RI Boolchand, Punit/A-3334-2008 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 17 BP 11761 EP 11767 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.11761 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 133ZD UT WOS:000076716700098 ER PT J AU von Ranke, PJ Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF von Ranke, PJ Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA TI Influence of the crystalline electrical field on the magnetocaloric effect of DyAl2, ErAl2, and DyNi2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; HEAT AB Calculations of the magnetic entropy change Delta S-mag and the magnetocaloric effect (i.e., the adiabatic temperature change) Delta T-ad in DyAl2, ErAl2, and DyNi2 using a Hamiltonian that takes into account the effects of crystalline electrical field and exchange interaction have been carried out. Good agreement between the theory and the experiment was obtained using the crystal-field parameters from inelastic neutron scattering for DyAl2 and ErAl2. The crystal-field parameters for DyNi2, which were reported from magnetization measurements, did not give good agreement between the theory and the experiment. Using the experimental Delta S-mag versus T, and C-mag versus T (where C-mag is the magnetic heat capacity) we made an estimate of the crystal-field parameters for DyNi2, which yield a satisfactory agreement between the theory and the experiment with regard to Delta S-mag and Delta T-ad The appearance of a hump in the theoretical Delta S-mag(T) below the Curie temperature is discussed. [S0163-1829(98)05642-2]. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, IF, BR-20550013 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, 242A Spedding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vitkp@ameslab.gov NR 20 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 18 BP 12110 EP 12116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12110 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000077153400049 ER PT J AU Paolasini, L Dervenagas, P Vulliet, P Sanchez, JP Lander, GH Hiess, A Panchula, A Canfield, PC AF Paolasini, L Dervenagas, P Vulliet, P Sanchez, JP Lander, GH Hiess, A Panchula, A Canfield, PC TI Magnetic response function of the itinerant ferromagnet CeFe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY DICHROISM; DEPENDENT AC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CE(FE1-XCOX)2; SUBSTITUTION; INSTABILITY; BEHAVIOR; GDFE2; LUFE2 AB Neutron inelastic scattering experiments on single crystals of the itinerant ferromagnet CeFe2 show that there is a strong competition between the ferromagnetic ground state and an antiferromagnetic (AF) ground state with the wave vector q=[1/2 1/2 1/2]. The ferromagnetic spin wave has a small temperature-independent gap of 0.25 meV and a reduced (compared to other rare-earth Fez Laves phases) stiffness constant of D = 155(5) meV Angstrom(2). The strong fluctuations around the AF wave vector give rise to an AF spin-wave dispersion relationship that can be followed across the reduced AF Brillouin zone. The gap in the AF excitation spectrum is similar to 1 meV at 15 K and rises to similar to 5 meV above 100 K. At low temperature with a window of +/-20 GHz, we observe an apparent static AF component of similar to 0.05 mu(B) superimposed on the ferromagnetic component of 1.2 mu(B), per Fe atom. The spatial correlations of these AF fluctuations extend over many unit cells at low temperature. Our measurements have not detected any response directly from the Ce moments; so we assume that their response is spread over a wide energy range. Mossbauer spectra show an anomalous behavior of the Lamb-Mossbauer factor as a function of temperature and also show that the magnetic system is not saturated even at large (5 T) fields, suggesting that short-range AF order may persist to higher temperatures than the medium-range order observed in the neutron experiments. [S0163-1829(98)09241-8]. C1 Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Grenoble, SPSMS, Dept Rech Fond Mat Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Commiss European Communities, JRC, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 33 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 18 BP 12117 EP 12124 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12117 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000077153400050 ER PT J AU Paolasini, L Hennion, B Panchula, A Myers, K Canfield, PC AF Paolasini, L Hennion, B Panchula, A Myers, K Canfield, PC TI Lattice dynamics of cubic Laves phase ferromagnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSTRICTION; UFE2 AB The phonon dispersion curves have been measured in YFe2, UFe2, and CeFe2, Laves phases by inelastic neutron scattering. The phonon dispersion curves and the generalized phonon densities of states are calculated by a Born-von Karman model taking into account longitudinal and transverse forces up to the fifth-nearest neighbors. Many differences in the phonon spectrum are found in the itinerant ferromagnet UFe2 with respect to the isostructural REFe2 compounds (RE = rare earth). The most surprising effects are the negative transverse forces acting between the first neighbors, a situation not encountered in the isostructural systems, and probably responsible for the magnetoelastic anomalies found in UFe2. The strong reduction of U-U longitudinal forces between the uranium atoms is attributed to the collapse of the U-metallic radius induced by the itineracy of uranium outer electron clouds. Our results are compared with the available phonon data on ZrFe2 and the isostructural MAl2 compounds (M=Y,Ca,Ce,La). [S0163-1829(98)06342-5]. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, Leon Brillouin Lab, CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 18 BP 12125 EP 12133 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12125 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000077153400051 ER PT J AU Fullerton, EE Jiang, JS Grimsditch, M Sowers, CH Bader, SD AF Fullerton, EE Jiang, JS Grimsditch, M Sowers, CH Bader, SD TI Exchange-spring behavior in epitaxial hard/soft magnetic bilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; FILMS AB We present results on the magnetic reversal process in epitaxial Sm-Co(1 (1) over bar 00)/TM (TM = Fe,Co) bilayer films prepared via magnetron sputtering. The magnetically hard Sm-Co films have 20-T uniaxial anisotropy and coercivities >3 T at room temperature, that double on cooling, as determined by magnetometry. The TM layers are exchange coupled to the Sm-Co layer and exhibit reversible demagnetization curves expected for an exchange-spring magnet. We-also present numerical solutions of a one-dimensional model that provide the spin configuration for each atomic layer. Comparison of the experimental results with the model simulations indicates that our exchange-spring behavior can be understood from the intrinsic parameters of the hard and soft layers. The simulations are extended to realistically estimate the ultimate gain in the energy product that potentially can be realized based on the exchange hardening principle. [S0163-1829(98)00742-5]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 17 TC 352 Z9 359 U1 5 U2 68 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 18 BP 12193 EP 12200 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12193 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000077153400058 ER PT J AU Rueff, JP Galera, RM Giorgetti, C Dartyge, E Brouder, C Alouani, M AF Rueff, JP Galera, RM Giorgetti, C Dartyge, E Brouder, C Alouani, M TI Rare-earth contributions to the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Co K edge in rare-earth-cobalt compounds investigated by multiple-scattering calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL INTERMETALLICS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ABSORPTION; DENSITY; MOMENT; STATES; PROBE; FE; NI AB The x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) has been measured at the Co K edge in hcp-Co and X-Co compounds (R = La,Tb,Dy). The structure of the experimental XMCD spectra in the near-edge region has been observed to be highly sensitive to the magnetic environment of the absorbing site. Calculations of the XMCD have been carried out at the Co K edge in Co metal, LaCo5, and TbCo5 within the multiple-scattering framework including the spin-orbit coupling. In the three systems, the XMCD spectra in the near-edge region are well reproduced. The possibility to separate the local effects from those due to the neighboring atoms in the XMCD cross section makes possible a more physical understanding of the spectra. The present results emphasize the major role played by the d states of the Tb ions in the XMCD spectrum at the Co K edge in the TbCo5 compound. [S0163-1829(98)04741-9]. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Magnetisme Louis Neel, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Ctr Univ Paris Sud, Utilisat Rayonnement Electromagnet Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75572 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75572 Paris 05, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, GEMME, IPCMS, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Alouani, Mebarek/A-9101-2011; Rueff, Jean-Pascal/D-8938-2016 OI Alouani, Mebarek/0000-0002-7985-5276; Rueff, Jean-Pascal/0000-0003-3594-918X NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 18 BP 12271 EP 12281 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12271 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000077153400070 ER PT J AU Cirillo, M Gronbech-Jensen, N Samuelsen, MR Salerno, M Rinati, GV AF Cirillo, M Gronbech-Jensen, N Samuelsen, MR Salerno, M Rinati, GV TI Fiske modes and Eck steps in long Josephson junctions: Theory and experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINE-GORDON SYSTEMS; FLUXON DYNAMICS; PHASE-LOCKING; OSCILLATOR AB We report on a systematic investigation of the properties of long Josephson junctions under the application of magnetic fields generating Fiske and Eck steps in the current-voltage characteristics. Numerical data and experimental results are compared with a cavity mode-based model predicting the voltage position and the amplitude of the current singularities. The comparison shows that this model can account for the shape and for the maximum current modulation of the singularities when the field penetration overcomes Meissner shielding above the value H-0=2 lambda(j)j(c). [S0163-1829(98)05342-9]. C1 Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Unita INFM, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Sci Fis ER Caianiello, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Salerno, Unita INFM, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Sci & Tenol Fis & Energet, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Salerno, Mario/B-1732-2012; OI Salerno, Mario/0000-0002-1443-7858; Verona Rinati, Gianluca/0000-0003-1542-9910 NR 20 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 18 BP 12377 EP 12384 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12377 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000077153400081 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikov, YN Kresin, VZ AF Ovchinnikov, YN Kresin, VZ TI Nonstationary state of superconductors: Application to nonequilibrium tunneling detectors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; PARTICLE DETECTORS; JUNCTIONS AB The nonequilibrium state of a superconductor caused by an external source (e.g., x or gamma rays) and its relaxation dynamics are studied. Microscopic theory allows one to evaluate the distribution functions and characteristic time scales for all cascade stages. The appearance of quasiparticles in the nonequilibrium state leads to an additional contribution to the tunneling current. The time dependence of the current flowing through a superconducting tunneling detector is evaluated. [S0163-1829(98)07441-4]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Landau Inst Theoret Phys, Moscow 117334, Russia. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 18 BP 12416 EP 12421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12416 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000077153400085 ER PT J AU Bickham, SR Pfaffenzeller, O Collins, LA Kress, JD Hohl, D AF Bickham, SR Pfaffenzeller, O Collins, LA Kress, JD Hohl, D TI Ab initio molecular dynamics of expanded liquid sodium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL TRANSITION; ALKALI-METALS; SIMULATION; RUBIDIUM; CESIUM; ENERGY AB The properties of liquid sodium have been studied using ab initio molecular dynamics over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. When expanded along the liquid-vapor coexistence curve, the de conductivity and average number of nearest neighbors decrease, as has been observed for other alkali metals. There is a sharp drop in the de conductivity when the density decreases from 0.31 to 0.16 g/cm(3). For densities at or below the latter value, the sodium vapor was observed to partially condense into a small fraction of the supercell simulation volume. This condensation was accompanied by aggregation of sodium atoms, but the lifetimes of these clusters are less than the vibrational period of the sodium dimer, indicating that they are short-lived transient associates, not molecular clusters in the traditional sense. [S0163-1829(98)50242-1]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 18 BP R11813 EP R11816 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.R11813 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000077153400003 ER PT J AU MacLaughlin, DE Heffner, RH Nieuwenhuys, GJ Luke, GM Fudamoto, Y Uemura, YJ Chau, R Maple, MB Andraka, B AF MacLaughlin, DE Heffner, RH Nieuwenhuys, GJ Luke, GM Fudamoto, Y Uemura, YJ Chau, R Maple, MB Andraka, B TI Susceptibility inhomogeneity and non-Fermi-liquid behavior in nominally ordered UCu4Pd SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID KONDO DISORDER; MU-SR; UCU5-XPDX; CECU5.9AU0.1; NMR AB Muon spin rotation experiments on a stoichiometric sample of the non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) heavy-fermion compound UCu4Pd, in which recent neutron scattering experiments suggest an ordered structure, indicate that the U-ion susceptibility is strongly inhomogeneous at low temperatures. We argue that this is due to residual disorder, which also dominates NFL behavior. The data yield a short correlation length (less than or similar to 1 lattice spacing) and a rapid low-temperature U-moment relaxation rate (greater than or similar to 10(12) s(-1)), which constrain cluster-based models of NFL behavior. [S0163-1829(98)51242-8]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 18 BP R11849 EP R11852 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.R11849 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 141PV UT WOS:000077153400012 ER PT J AU Baxter, AM Byrne, AP Dracoulis, GD Davidson, PM McGoram, TR Regan, PH Chandler, C Gelletly, W Wheldon, C Julin, R Cocks, JFC Helariutta, K Jones, P Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Kuusiniemi, P Leino, M Muikku, M Savelius, A Janssens, RVF Brown, T Carpenter, MP Davids, CN Lauritsen, T Nisius, D Greenlees, PT AF Baxter, AM Byrne, AP Dracoulis, GD Davidson, PM McGoram, TR Regan, PH Chandler, C Gelletly, W Wheldon, C Julin, R Cocks, JFC Helariutta, K Jones, P Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Kuusiniemi, P Leino, M Muikku, M Savelius, A Janssens, RVF Brown, T Carpenter, MP Davids, CN Lauritsen, T Nisius, D Greenlees, PT TI Identification of yrast states in Pb-187 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; ALPHA-DECAY; SHAPE COEXISTENCE; MERCURY ISOTOPES; PB ISOTOPES; BANDS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS AB gamma-ray spectroscopy of the high-spin states of the neutron-deficient nucleus Pb-187 has been conducted with the Gd-155(Ar-36,4n) reaction. A cascade of three transitions was deduced from gamma-gamma coincidence data gated by detection of recoiling evaporation residues in a gas-filled recoil separator. In an earlier, separate experiment, two of these gamma rays were positively identified with Pb-187 by recoil-gamma coincidence measurements with a high-resolution, recoil mass spectrometer. From comparison with similar sequences in heavier odd-A lead isotopes, the cascade in Pb-187 is associated with the sequence of three E2 transitions from the yrast 25/2(+) level to a low-lying 13/2(+) isomer. The variation of excitation energy with mass number of the levels concerned suggests that their structure can be associated with weak coupling of an odd i(13/2) neutron to states in the spherical well. However, the possibility that they are influenced by mixing with states in the prolate-deformed well cannot be discounted. [S0556-2813(98)00411-7]. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys & Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. RP Baxter, AM (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys & Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RI Dracoulis, George/A-8123-2008; Wheldon, Carl/F-9203-2013; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Byrne, Aidan/0000-0002-7096-6455 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 2671 EP 2676 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2671 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200012 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DG Wadsworth, R Cameron, J Clark, RM Fossan, DB Hibbert, IM Janzen, VP Krucken, R Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Parry, CM Sears, JM Smith, JF Frauendorf, S AF Jenkins, DG Wadsworth, R Cameron, J Clark, RM Fossan, DB Hibbert, IM Janzen, VP Krucken, R Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Parry, CM Sears, JM Smith, JF Frauendorf, S TI Magnetic rotational bands in Sb-108 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; SHEARS BANDS; LIFETIMES AB High-spin states in Sb-108 were populated using the Fe-54(Ni-58,3pn) reaction at a beam energy of 243 MeV and the subsequent gamma decay was studied using the Gammasphere array. A new sequence of magnetic dipole transitions has been observed in addition to a previously known M1 band in Sb-108. These bands may be interpreted, within the tilted axis cranking model as magnetic rotational bands with pi[g(7/2)(2) x (g(9/2))(-1)] x nu[h(11/2)] and pi[h(11/2)g(7/2) x (g(9/2))(-1)] x nu[(g(7/2)d(5/2))] configurations. [S0556-2813(98)01711-7]. C1 Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L85 4M1, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. FZ Rosendorf, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Jenkins, DG (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RI Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013 OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042 NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 2703 EP 2709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2703 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200015 ER PT J AU Seweryniak, D Ackermann, D Amro, H Brown, LT Carpenter, MP Conticchio, L Davids, CN Fischer, SM Hackman, G Hamada, S Henderson, DJ Janssens, RVF Nisius, D Reiter, P Walters, WB Woods, PJ AF Seweryniak, D Ackermann, D Amro, H Brown, LT Carpenter, MP Conticchio, L Davids, CN Fischer, SM Hackman, G Hamada, S Henderson, DJ Janssens, RVF Nisius, D Reiter, P Walters, WB Woods, PJ TI In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of Pt isotopes located at the proton drip line SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; HIGH-SPIN STATES; SHAPE COEXISTENCE; OS-172; NUCLEI; BAND AB In-beam gamma rays have been observed in the neutron-deficient isotopes Pt-170,Pt-171,Pt-172 using the recoil-decay tagging technique. The yrast transition sequence proposed for Pt-172 indicates that the 0(+) bandhead of the deformed intruder band is situated about 900 keV above the weakly deformed ground state, i.e., its excitation energy has risen by about 300 keV compared to Pt-174. The measured energy of the 2(+) --> 0(+) transition in Pt-170 supports an even larger increase in the excitation energy of the intruder configuration with the departure from the middle of the 82-126 major neutron shell. Furthermore, a band with transition energies almost identical to those found in Pt-172 has been assigned to Pt-171 and was interpreted as corresponding to a rotationally aligned i(13/2) neutron orbital coupled to the core excitations. [S0556-2813(98)02311-5]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. JAERI, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Seweryniak, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 2710 EP 2714 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2710 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200016 ER PT J AU Hartley, DJ Brown, TB Kondev, FG Pfohl, J Riley, MA Fischer, SM Janssens, RVF Nisius, DT Fallon, P Ma, WC Simpson, J AF Hartley, DJ Brown, TB Kondev, FG Pfohl, J Riley, MA Fischer, SM Janssens, RVF Nisius, DT Fallon, P Ma, WC Simpson, J TI High-spin structures in Tb-155 and signature splitting systematics of the pi h(11/2) bands in odd A approximate to 160 nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; GAMMA-VIBRATION; A NUCLEI; ROTATIONAL BANDS; INVERSION; SHAPE; STATES; CROSSINGS AB The reactions Sm-152(Li-7,4n) at 45 MeV and Sn-124(S-36,p4n) at 165 MeV were used to study high-spin states of the N=90 nucleus Tb-155. Previously known bands have been greatly extended in spin (I approximate to 45 (h) over bar) and a new decoupled sequence was identified. Several band crossings or quasiparticle alignments have been observed in each of the structures, and as a result a configuration assignment has been given to the new band. B(ML)/B(E2) transition strength ratios have been extracted from the data and comparisons were made with theoretical predictions. A comprehensive analysis of the signature splitting in the energy levels and B(MI)/B(E2) ratios for the pi h(11/2) bands of the A approximate to 160 region has been performed. Possible interpretations for the observed trends in the signature splitting of these structures are discussed. [S0556-2813(98)03211-7]. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. CLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Hartley, DJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 2720 EP 2735 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2720 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200018 ER PT J AU Batiz, Z Gross, F AF Batiz, Z Gross, F TI Pole term and gauge invariance in deep inelastic scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DEUTERON AB In this paper we reconcile two contradictory statements about deep inelastic scattering in manifestly covariant theories: (i) the scattering must be gauge invariant, even in the deep inelastic limit, and (ii) the pole term (which is not gauge invariant in a covariant theory) dominates the scattering amplitude in the deep inelastic limit. An "intermediate'' answer is found to be true. We show that, at all energies, the gauge-dependent part of the pole term cancels the gauge-dependent part of the rescattering term, so that both the pole and rescattering terms can be redefined separately in a gauge-invariant fashion. The resulting, redefined pole term is then shown to dominate the scattering in the deep inelastic Limit. Details are worked out for a simple example in 1+1 dimensions. [S0556-2813(98)00811-5]. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 2963 EP 2976 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2963 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200044 ER PT J AU Seestrom, SJ Bowman, JD Crawford, BE Delheij, PPJ Frankle, CM Gould, CR Haase, DG Iinuma, M Knudson, JN Koehler, PE Lowie, LY Masaike, A Masuda, Y Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Popov, YP Postma, H Roberson, NR Sharapov, EI Shimizu, HM Smith, DA Stephenson, SL Yen, YF Yuan, VW AF Seestrom, SJ Bowman, JD Crawford, BE Delheij, PPJ Frankle, CM Gould, CR Haase, DG Iinuma, M Knudson, JN Koehler, PE Lowie, LY Masaike, A Masuda, Y Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Popov, YP Postma, H Roberson, NR Sharapov, EI Shimizu, HM Smith, DA Stephenson, SL Yen, YF Yuan, VW TI Parity nonconservation in neutron capture on Cd-113 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND-NUCLEUS; RESONANCES; VIOLATION; U-238 AB Parity nonconservation was studied for 23 p-wave resonances in Cd-113 up to E-n= 500 eV at the LANSCE pulsed neutron source using a longitudinally polarized neutron beam and the time-of-flight method. The helicity dependence of the total neutron capture cross section was measured with an enriched Cd-113 target and with a target of natural cadmium. Parity violating effects were observed for several resonances in Cd-113 and Cd-111. A root-mean-square value of the parity nonconserving matrix element M-J=1 = 2.9(-0.9)(+1.3) meV was obtained for the spin J=1 levels in the compound nucleus Cd-114. This result from the 3p-peak region of the neutron strength function is compared with the parity violation results for nuclei from the 4p-peak region. [S0556-2813(98)02210-9]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 60601, Japan. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. RP Seestrom, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gould, Christopher/M-7676-2013; Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 2977 EP 2985 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.2977 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200045 ER PT J AU Haslip, DS Flibotte, S Austin, RAE de France, G Devlin, M Finck, C Galindo-Uribarri, A Gervais, G Kintz, N LaFosse, DR Lampman, TJ Lerma, F Mullins, SM Nieminen, JM Rodinger, T Sarantites, DG Stezowski, O Svensson, CE Vivien, JP Waddington, JC Wilson, JN AF Haslip, DS Flibotte, S Austin, RAE de France, G Devlin, M Finck, C Galindo-Uribarri, A Gervais, G Kintz, N LaFosse, DR Lampman, TJ Lerma, F Mullins, SM Nieminen, JM Rodinger, T Sarantites, DG Stezowski, O Svensson, CE Vivien, JP Waddington, JC Wilson, JN TI Systematic survey of Delta I=4 bifurcation in A similar to 150 superdeformed nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RAY COINCIDENCE DATA; BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION; C-4 SYMMETRY; BANDS; FOLD; MOTION AB Results are presented of a systematic survey of Delta I=4 bifurcation in 19 superdeformed bands in A similar to 150 Eu and Gd nuclei. The majority of bands show no sign of this regular oscillation in energy levels. The statistical significance of the few examples that exhibit the effect is examined. [S0556-2813(98)51011-4]. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. GANIL, F-14076 Caen 5, France. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg 2, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ANU, Dept Phys Nucl, RSPhysSE, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Haslip, DS (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP R2649 EP R2653 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.R2649 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200007 ER PT J AU Mayer, RH Kumbartzki, G Weissman, L Benczer-Koller, N Broude, C Cizewski, JA Hass, M Holden, J Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO McNabb, DP Satteson, M AF Mayer, RH Kumbartzki, G Weissman, L Benczer-Koller, N Broude, C Cizewski, JA Hass, M Holden, J Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO McNabb, DP Satteson, M TI First direct measurements of g factors of the three superdeformed bands of Hg-194 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RAY COINCIDENCE DATA; BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; HIGH-SPIN; ENERGIES; STATES; NUCLEI AB The average g factors of the high-energy states of the three superdeformed bands:in Hg-194 were determined directly in a transient field experiment. The reaction Nd-150(Ca-48,4n) Hg-194 at a beam energy of 203 MeV was used to provide recoiling reaction product nuclei with sufficient velocity to traverse a gadolinium ferromagnetic layer. The resulting g factors g(SD1)=0.36(10), g(SD2)=0.41(20), and g(SD3)=0.71(26) are in agreement with cranked Hartree-Fock calculations as well as with the picture of a rigid rotation for which g = Z/A. [S0556-2813(98)50711-X]. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mayer, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP R2640 EP R2643 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.R2640 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200005 ER PT J AU Reviol, W Ellis, DE Riedinger, LL Carpenter, MP Fischer, SM Janssens, RVF Nisius, D Fallon, P AF Reviol, W Ellis, DE Riedinger, LL Carpenter, MP Fischer, SM Janssens, RVF Nisius, D Fallon, P TI Superdeformed bands in Tl-189 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEI; SPIN; EXCITATIONS; STATES AB Two superdeformed bands of IO transitions each have been found in Tl-189 extending the mass 190 region of superdeformation down to neutron number N=108. The new bands can be interpreted as signature partners and are proposed to be based on a proton i(13/2) ( Omega=5/2) configuration, in analogy with the yrast superdeformed band structures in the heavier odd-mass Tl isotopes. The dynamic moments of inertia of all these bands show no noticeable differences as function of N, consistent with an essentially constant quadrupole deformation from the center of the island to its edges. [S0556-2813(98)50911-9]. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reviol, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP R2644 EP R2648 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.R2644 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200006 ER PT J AU Vetter, K Macchiavelli, AO Cline, D Amro, H Asztalos, SJ Busse, BC Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Gray, R Janssens, RVF Krucken, R Lee, IY MacLeod, RW Moore, EF Schmid, GJ Simon, MW Stephens, FS Wu, CY AF Vetter, K Macchiavelli, AO Cline, D Amro, H Asztalos, SJ Busse, BC Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Gray, R Janssens, RVF Krucken, R Lee, IY MacLeod, RW Moore, EF Schmid, GJ Simon, MW Stephens, FS Wu, CY TI Fragmentation of the two-phonon octupole vibrational states in Pb-208 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID 2-PHONON AB An experiment designed to populate two-phonon vibrational states in Pb-208 by Coulomb excitation was performed with a Xe-136 beam at a bombarding energy of 650 MeV. The gamma rays from the decay of the excited states were measured with Gammasphere and scattered particles were detected in the compact heavy-ion counter CHICO. We have not been able to observe any state close to the expected harmonic energy of 5.2 MeV. However, we were able to extract the B(E3,3(1)(-)-->6(1)(+)) value for the lowest known 6(+) state at 4.424 MeV based on measured gamma-ray intensities. About 20% of the expected total E3 strength can be found in this state, suggesting a large fragmentation of this second octupole phonon state in Pb-208. Upper limits for the B(E3) strength were determined for higher-lying, but unseen, 6+ states ranging from 15% of the harmonic value at 5.2 MeV to 100% at 6.0 MeV. [S0556-2813(98)50411-6]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Rochester, Nucl Struct Res Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Vetter, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013 OI Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP R2631 EP R2635 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.R2631 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200003 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Sun, Y Guidry, M Riedinger, LL Lalazissis, GA AF Zhang, JY Sun, Y Guidry, M Riedinger, LL Lalazissis, GA TI Single particle and collective structure for nuclei near Sn-132 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN; PARAMETERS; STATE; HOLE AB A new Nilsson single-particle structure is proposed for neutron-rich nuclei near Sn-132. In general, a large reduction in spin-orbit interaction is required and the neutron N=82 gap persists in the new set of parameters. The ground state deformations for several isotopic chains are studied with this set and compared with the results of the standard set and with measured ones. Collective bands in two even-even, neutron-rich nuclei are calculated using the projected shell model with the new set of parameters and improved agreement with existing data is found. [S0556-2813(98)50811-4]. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RP Zhang, JY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Sun, Yang/P-2417-2015 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP R2663 EP R2666 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.R2663 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 138VZ UT WOS:000076995200010 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Aihara, H Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Astur, R Baarmand, MM Baden, A Balamurali, V Balderston, J Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Bartlett, JF Bazizi, K Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chang, SM Chekulaev, SV Chen, LP Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Finocchiaro, G Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gibbard, B Glenn, S Gobbi, B Goldschmidt, A Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Greenlee, H Grim, G Grinstein, S Grossman, N Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, P Gutnikov, YE Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Hu, T Huehn, T Ito, AS James, E Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Jiang, JZY Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Kalbfleisch, G Kang, JS Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kelly, ML Kim, CL Kim, SK Klatchko, A Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Klyukhin, VI Kochetkov, VI Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kourlas, J Kozelov, AV Kozlovski, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kunori, S Lami, S Lander, R Landry, F Landsberg, G Lauer, B Leflat, A Li, H Li, J Li-Demarteau, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Liu, YC Lobkowicz, F Loken, SC Lokos, S Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miettinen, H Mincer, AR Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oliveira, E Oltman, E Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Podstavkov, VM Pope, BG Prober, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Rasmussen, L Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Roe, NA Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shupe, M Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smart, W Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sood, PM Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Spadafora, AL Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stewart, D Stichelbaut, F Stoianova, DA Stoker, D Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vititoe, D Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Won, E Wood, DR Xu, H Yamada, R Yamin, P Yang, J Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhu, ZH Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Aihara, H Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Astur, R Baarmand, MM Baden, A Balamurali, V Balderston, J Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Bartlett, JF Bazizi, K Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chang, SM Chekulaev, SV Chen, LP Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Finocchiaro, G Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gibbard, B Glenn, S Gobbi, B Goldschmidt, A Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Greenlee, H Grim, G Grinstein, S Grossman, N Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, P Gutnikov, YE Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Hu, T Huehn, T Ito, AS James, E Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Jiang, JZY Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Kalbfleisch, G Kang, JS Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kelly, ML Kim, CL Kim, SK Klatchko, A Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Klyukhin, VI Kochetkov, VI Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kourlas, J Kozelov, AV Kozlovski, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kunori, S Lami, S Lander, R Landry, F Landsberg, G Lauer, B Leflat, A Li, H Li, J Li-Demarteau, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Liu, YC Lobkowicz, F Loken, SC Lokos, S Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miettinen, H Mincer, AR Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oliveira, E Oltman, E Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Podstavkov, VM Pope, BG Prober, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Rasmussen, L Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Roe, NA Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shupe, M Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smart, W Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sood, PM Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Spadafora, AL Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stewart, D Stichelbaut, F Stoianova, DA Stoker, D Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vititoe, D Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Won, E Wood, DR Xu, H Yamada, R Yamin, P Yang, J Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhu, ZH Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A TI Measurement of the W boson mass SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CTEQ PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CERN PBARP COLLIDER; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE ENERGY; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; D0 DETECTOR; HADRON; QCD; CALORIMETER; ELECTRONS AB We present a measurement of the W boson mass using data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron during 1994-1995. We identify W bosons by their decays to e nu final states. We extract the W mass M-W by fitting the transverse mass and transverse electron momentum spectra from a sample of 28 323 W -->e nu decay candidates. We use a sample of 3563 dielectron events. mostly due to Z --> ee decays, to constrain our model of the detector response. From the transverse mass fit we measure M-W = 80.44 +/- 0.10 (stat) +/- 0.07 (syst) GeV. Combining this with our previously published result from data taken in 1992-1993, we obtain M-W = 80.43 +/- 0.11 GeV. [S0556-2821(98)03519-X]. C1 NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungsung Univ, Pusan 608736, South Korea. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Protvino High Energy Phys Inst, Protvino 142284, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. CE Saclay, CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/D-6850-2012; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015 OI Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8577-6531; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408 NR 64 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 092003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.092003 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900008 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amadon, A Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, H Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gold, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hao, W Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, H Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Reischl, M Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amadon, A Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, H Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gold, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hao, W Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, H Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Reischl, M Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S TI Measurement of the B- and (B)over-bar(0) meson lifetimes using semileptonic decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID = 1.8 TEV; PHOTON CROSS-SECTION; B-S(0) MESON; COLLISIONS; B-0; HADRONS; DETECTOR; CDF AB The lifetimes of the B- and (B) over bar(0) mesons an measured using the partially reconstructed semileptonic decays (B) over bar --> Dl(-)<(nu)over bar>X, where D is either a D-0 or D*+ meson. The data were collected by the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider during 1992-1995 and correspond to about 110 pb(-1) of (p) over bar p collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV. We measure decay lengths and extract the lifetimes to be tau(B-) = 1.637 +/- 0.058(-0.043)(+0.045) ps and tau((B) over bar(0)) = 1.474 +/- 0.039(-0.051)(+0.052) ps, and the ratio of the lifetimes to be tau(B-)/tau((B) over bar(0)) = 1.110 +/- 0.056(+0.030)(+0.033), where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. [S0556-2821(98)08419-7]. C1 KEK, Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba 305, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11530, Taiwan. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP KEK, Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba 305, Japan. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 092002 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900007 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amadon, A Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, H Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gold, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hao, W Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Nakano, I Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, H Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Murgia, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Reischl, M Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, T de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amadon, A Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, H Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gold, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Hao, W Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Hohlmann, M Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Nakano, I Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, H Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loomis, C Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Murat, P Murgia, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Reischl, M Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, T de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F TI Search for the rare decay W-+/--> D-s(+/-)gamma in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB We search for the rare decay W+/- --> D-s(+/-) gamma in 82 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. At the 95% confidence level, we find an upper limit on the relative branching fraction to be Gamma(W+/--->D-s(+/-) gamma)/Gamma(W+/--->e(+/-)nu)< 1.2 X 10(-2) [S0556-2821(98)50719-9]. C1 KEK, Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11530, Taiwan. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tokyo 315, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP KEK, Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RI Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 091101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.091101 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900001 ER PT J AU Asner, DM Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Roberts, D Ryd, A Balest, R Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Park, H Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kim, PC Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Valant-Spaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Patton, S Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhou, L Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lee, SJ O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Fujino, D Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Nemati, B Richichi, SJ Ross, WR Severini, H Skubic, P Bishai, M Fast, J Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Glenn, S Johnson, SD Kwon, Y Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Wang, R Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Azfar, F Efimov, A Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Xing, X Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V McLean, KW Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Chadha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS O'Grady, C Schmidtler, J Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Bliss, DW Masek, G Paar, HP Prell, S Sharma, V AF Asner, DM Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Roberts, D Ryd, A Balest, R Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Park, H Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kim, PC Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Valant-Spaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Patton, S Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhou, L Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lee, SJ O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Fujino, D Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Nemati, B Richichi, SJ Ross, WR Severini, H Skubic, P Bishai, M Fast, J Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Glenn, S Johnson, SD Kwon, Y Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Wang, R Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Azfar, F Efimov, A Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Xing, X Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V McLean, KW Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Chadha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS O'Grady, C Schmidtler, J Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Bliss, DW Masek, G Paar, HP Prell, S Sharma, V TI Radiative decay modes of the D-0 meson SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB In this paper we describe a search for four radiative decay modes of the D-0 meson: D-0 --> phi gamma, D-0 --> omega gamma, D-0 --> (K) over tilde*gamma , and D-0 --> rho(0)gamma. We obtain 90% C.L. upper Limits on the branching ratios of these modes of 1.9 X 10(-4), 2.4 X 10(-4), 7.6 X 10(-4), and 2.4 x 10(-4), respectively. [S0556-2821(98)04319-7]. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Inst Particle Phys, Ottawa, ON, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. BINP, RU-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Asner, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Poling, Ronald/0000-0001-7305-4702; Bloom, Kenneth/0000-0002-4272-8900 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 092001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.092001 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900006 ER PT J AU Bai, JZ Bian, JG Blum, I Chai, ZW Chen, GP Chen, HF Chen, J Chen, JC Chen, Y Chen, YB Chen, YQ Cheng, BS Cui, XZ Ding, HL Ding, LY Dong, LY Du, ZZ Dunwoodie, W Feng, S Gao, CS Gao, ML Gao, SQ Gratton, P Gu, JH Gu, SD Gu, WX Gu, YF Guo, YN Han, SW Han, Y Harris, FA He, J He, JT He, M Hitlin, DG Hu, GY Hu, HM Hu, JL Hu, QH Hu, T Hu, XQ Huang, JD Huang, YZ Izen, JM Jiang, CH Jin, Y Ke, ZJ Kelsey, MH Kim, BK Kong, D Lai, YF Lang, PF Lankford, A Li, CG Li, D Li, HB Li, J Li, PQ Li, RB Li, W Li, WD Li, WG Li, XH Li, XN Liu, HM Liu, J Liu, JH Liu, RG Liu, Y Lou, XC Lower, B Lu, F Lu, JG Lu, JY Lu, LC Luo, CH Ma, AM Ma, EC Ma, JM Malchow, R Mao, HS Mao, ZP Meng, XC Nie, J Olsen, SL Oyang, J Paluselli, D Pan, LJ Panetta, J Porter, F Qi, ND Qi, XR Qian, CD Qiu, JF Qu, YH Que, YK Rong, G Schernau, M Shao, YY Shen, BW Shen, DL Shen, H Shen, XY Sheng, HY Shi, HZ Song, XF Standifird, J Sun, F Sun, HS Tang, SQ Toki, W Tong, GL Wang, F Wang, LS Wang, LZ Wang, M Wang, M Wang, P Wang, PL Wang, SM Wang, TJ Wang, YY Weaver, M Wei, CL Wu, YG Xi, DM Xia, XM Xie, PP Xie, Y Xie, YH Xiong, WJ Xu, CC Xu, GF Xue, ST Yan, J Yan, WG Yang, CM Yang, CY Yang, J Yang, W Yang, XF Ye, MH Ye, SW Ye, YX Yi, K Yu, CS Yu, CX Yu, YH Yu, ZQ Yu, ZT Yuan, CZ Yuan, Y Zhang, BY Zhang, CC Zhang, DH Zhang, D Zhang, HL Zhang, J Zhang, JL Zhang, JW Zhang, LS Zhang, QJ Zhang, SA Zhang, XY Zhang, Y Zhang, YY Zhao, DX Zhao, HW Zhao, JW Zhao, M Zhao, WR Zhao, ZG Zheng, JP Zheng, LS Zheng, ZP Zhou, GP Zhou, HS Zhou, L Zhu, QM Zhu, YC Zhu, YS Zhuang, BA AF Bai, JZ Bian, JG Blum, I Chai, ZW Chen, GP Chen, HF Chen, J Chen, JC Chen, Y Chen, YB Chen, YQ Cheng, BS Cui, XZ Ding, HL Ding, LY Dong, LY Du, ZZ Dunwoodie, W Feng, S Gao, CS Gao, ML Gao, SQ Gratton, P Gu, JH Gu, SD Gu, WX Gu, YF Guo, YN Han, SW Han, Y Harris, FA He, J He, JT He, M Hitlin, DG Hu, GY Hu, HM Hu, JL Hu, QH Hu, T Hu, XQ Huang, JD Huang, YZ Izen, JM Jiang, CH Jin, Y Ke, ZJ Kelsey, MH Kim, BK Kong, D Lai, YF Lang, PF Lankford, A Li, CG Li, D Li, HB Li, J Li, PQ Li, RB Li, W Li, WD Li, WG Li, XH Li, XN Liu, HM Liu, J Liu, JH Liu, RG Liu, Y Lou, XC Lower, B Lu, F Lu, JG Lu, JY Lu, LC Luo, CH Ma, AM Ma, EC Ma, JM Malchow, R Mao, HS Mao, ZP Meng, XC Nie, J Olsen, SL Oyang, J Paluselli, D Pan, LJ Panetta, J Porter, F Qi, ND Qi, XR Qian, CD Qiu, JF Qu, YH Que, YK Rong, G Schernau, M Shao, YY Shen, BW Shen, DL Shen, H Shen, XY Sheng, HY Shi, HZ Song, XF Standifird, J Sun, F Sun, HS Tang, SQ Toki, W Tong, GL Wang, F Wang, LS Wang, LZ Wang, M Wang, M Wang, P Wang, PL Wang, SM Wang, TJ Wang, YY Weaver, M Wei, CL Wu, YG Xi, DM Xia, XM Xie, PP Xie, Y Xie, YH Xiong, WJ Xu, CC Xu, GF Xue, ST Yan, J Yan, WG Yang, CM Yang, CY Yang, J Yang, W Yang, XF Ye, MH Ye, SW Ye, YX Yi, K Yu, CS Yu, CX Yu, YH Yu, ZQ Yu, ZT Yuan, CZ Yuan, Y Zhang, BY Zhang, CC Zhang, DH Zhang, D Zhang, HL Zhang, J Zhang, JL Zhang, JW Zhang, LS Zhang, QJ Zhang, SA Zhang, XY Zhang, Y Zhang, YY Zhao, DX Zhao, HW Zhao, JW Zhao, M Zhao, WR Zhao, ZG Zheng, JP Zheng, LS Zheng, ZP Zhou, GP Zhou, HS Zhou, L Zhu, QM Zhu, YC Zhu, YS Zhuang, BA TI Branching fractions for psi(2S)->gamma eta ' and gamma eta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE DECAYS; PUZZLE AB We report first measurements of the branching fractions B(psi(2S)-->gamma eta') = (1.54 +/- 0.31 +/- 0.20) x 10(-4) and B(psi(2S)-->gamma eta) = (0.53 +/- 0.31 +/- 0.08) x 10(-4). The psi(2S) --> gamma eta' result is consistent with expectations of a model that considers the possibility of eta'-eta(c)(2S) mixing. The ratio of the psi(2S)-->gamma eta' and psi(2S)-->gamma eta' rates is used to determine the pseudoscalar octet-singlet mixing angle. [S0556-2821(98)05719-1]. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Hangzhou Univ, Hangzhou 310028, Peoples R China. Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Bai, JZ (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RI Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 097101 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900104 ER PT J AU Bai, JZ Bian, JG Blum, I Chai, ZW Chen, GP Chen, HF Chen, J Chen, JC Chen, Y Chen, YB Chen, YQ Cheng, BS Cui, XZ Ding, HL Ding, LY Dong, LY Du, ZZ Dunwoodie, W Feng, S Gao, CS Gao, ML Gao, SQ Gratton, P Gu, JH Gu, SD Gu, WX Gu, YF Guo, YN Han, SW Han, Y Harris, FA He, J He, JT He, M Hitlin, DG Hu, GY Hu, HM Hu, JL Hu, QH Hu, T Hu, XQ Huang, JD Huang, YZ Izen, JM Jiang, CH Jin, Y Ke, ZJ Kelsey, MH Kim, BK Kong, D Lai, YF Lang, PF Lankford, A Li, CG Li, D Li, HB Li, J Li, PQ Li, RB Li, W Li, WD Li, WG Li, XH Li, XN Liu, HM Liu, J Liu, JH Liu, RG Liu, Y Lou, XC Lowery, B Lu, F Lu, JG Lu, JY Lu, LC Luo, CH Ma, AM Ma, EC Ma, JM Malchow, R Mao, HS Mao, ZP Meng, XC Nie, J Olsen, SL Oyang, J Paluselli, D Pan, LJ Panetta, J Porter, F Qi, ND Qi, XR Qian, CD Qiu, JF Qu, YH Que, YK Rong, G Schernau, M Shao, YY Shen, BW Shen, DL Shen, H Shen, XY Sheng, HY Shi, HZ Song, XF Standifird, J Sun, F Sun, HS Tang, SQ Toki, W Tong, GL Wang, F Wang, LS Wang, LZ Wang, M Wang, M Wang, P Wang, PL Wang, SM Wang, TJ Wang, YY Weaver, M Wei, CL Wu, YG Xi, DM Xia, XM Xie, PP Xie, Y Xie, YH Xiong, WJ Xu, CC Xu, GF Xue, ST Yan, J Yan, WG Yang, CM Yang, CY Yang, J Yang, W Yang, XF Ye, MH Ye, SW Ye, YX Yi, K Yu, CS Yu, CX Yu, YH Yu, ZQ Yu, ZT Yuan, CZ Yuan, Y Zhang, BY Zhang, CC Zhang, DH Zhang, DH Zhang, HL Zhang, J Zhang, JL Zhang, JW Zhang, LS Zhang, QJ Zhang, SQ Zhang, XY Zhang, Y Zhang, YY Zhao, DX Zhao, HW Zhao, JW Zhao, M Zhao, WR Zhao, ZG Zheng, JP Zheng, LS Zheng, ZP Zhou, GP Zhou, HS Zhou, L Zhu, QM Zhu, YC Zhu, YS Zhuang, BA AF Bai, JZ Bian, JG Blum, I Chai, ZW Chen, GP Chen, HF Chen, J Chen, JC Chen, Y Chen, YB Chen, YQ Cheng, BS Cui, XZ Ding, HL Ding, LY Dong, LY Du, ZZ Dunwoodie, W Feng, S Gao, CS Gao, ML Gao, SQ Gratton, P Gu, JH Gu, SD Gu, WX Gu, YF Guo, YN Han, SW Han, Y Harris, FA He, J He, JT He, M Hitlin, DG Hu, GY Hu, HM Hu, JL Hu, QH Hu, T Hu, XQ Huang, JD Huang, YZ Izen, JM Jiang, CH Jin, Y Ke, ZJ Kelsey, MH Kim, BK Kong, D Lai, YF Lang, PF Lankford, A Li, CG Li, D Li, HB Li, J Li, PQ Li, RB Li, W Li, WD Li, WG Li, XH Li, XN Liu, HM Liu, J Liu, JH Liu, RG Liu, Y Lou, XC Lowery, B Lu, F Lu, JG Lu, JY Lu, LC Luo, CH Ma, AM Ma, EC Ma, JM Malchow, R Mao, HS Mao, ZP Meng, XC Nie, J Olsen, SL Oyang, J Paluselli, D Pan, LJ Panetta, J Porter, F Qi, ND Qi, XR Qian, CD Qiu, JF Qu, YH Que, YK Rong, G Schernau, M Shao, YY Shen, BW Shen, DL Shen, H Shen, XY Sheng, HY Shi, HZ Song, XF Standifird, J Sun, F Sun, HS Tang, SQ Toki, W Tong, GL Wang, F Wang, LS Wang, LZ Wang, M Wang, M Wang, P Wang, PL Wang, SM Wang, TJ Wang, YY Weaver, M Wei, CL Wu, YG Xi, DM Xia, XM Xie, PP Xie, Y Xie, YH Xiong, WJ Xu, CC Xu, GF Xue, ST Yan, J Yan, WG Yang, CM Yang, CY Yang, J Yang, W Yang, XF Ye, MH Ye, SW Ye, YX Yi, K Yu, CS Yu, CX Yu, YH Yu, ZQ Yu, ZT Yuan, CZ Yuan, Y Zhang, BY Zhang, CC Zhang, DH Zhang, DH Zhang, HL Zhang, J Zhang, JL Zhang, JW Zhang, LS Zhang, QJ Zhang, SQ Zhang, XY Zhang, Y Zhang, YY Zhao, DX Zhao, HW Zhao, JW Zhao, M Zhao, WR Zhao, ZG Zheng, JP Zheng, LS Zheng, ZP Zhou, GP Zhou, HS Zhou, L Zhu, QM Zhu, YC Zhu, YS Zhuang, BA TI Determination of J/psi leptonic branching fraction via psi(2S)->pi(+)pi(-)J/psi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECAY WIDTHS; ANNIHILATION AB A comparison of the rates for psi(2S) --> pi(+) pi(-) J/psi, J/psi --> l(+)l(-) and J/psi --> anything is used to determine the J/psi leptonic branching fractions. The results are B(J/psi --> e(+)e(-)) = (5.90 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.10)% and B(J/psi --> mu(+)mu(-)) = (5.84 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.10)%, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. Assuming lepton universality, the leptonic branching fraction of the J/psi is B(J/psi --> l(+)l(-)) = (5.87 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.09)% per species. This result is used to estimate the QCD scale factor Lambda(MS)((4)) and the strong coupling constant alpha(s). [S0556-2821(98)07021-0]. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Hangzhou Univ, Hangzhou 310028, Peoples R China. Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Bai, JZ (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RI Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012 NR 14 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 092006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.092006 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900011 ER PT J AU Carena, M Choudhury, D Lola, S Quigg, C AF Carena, M Choudhury, D Lola, S Quigg, C TI Manifestations of R-parity violation in ultrahigh-energy neutrino interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB Supersymmetric couplings that do not respect R parity can induce significant changes in the interaction rates of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos through the direct-channel production of superpartner resonances and can provide new sources of extremely energetic tau leptons. We analyze the possible observable consequences of R transitions in large-volume neutrino telescopes. [S0556-2821(98)00219-7]. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Mehta Res Inst Math & Math Phys, Allahabad 221019, Uttar Pradesh, India. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM carena@fnal.gov; debchou@mri.ernet.in; magda@mail.cern.ch; quigg@fnal.gov RI Lola, Smaragda/L-6442-2014 OI Lola, Smaragda/0000-0002-1792-1856 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 095003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.095003 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900076 ER PT J AU Chou, CL AF Chou, CL TI Fermion mass hierarchy without flavor symmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB We discuss a supersymmetric grand unified model which has the gauge group SU(S)XSU(S)XSU(S), with matter fields transforming asymmetrically under different gauge SU(5) groups. We observe that the gauge structure of the model leads to approximate texture zero structures in fermion mass matrices and a natural hierarchy in the Yukawa couplings. The proton lifetime is estimated to be larger than 10(34) yr in this model. As in mon conventional supersymmetric grand unified theory models with product gauge groups, this model possesses no tensor fields with rank higher than 2, so that it might arise from a level 1 string construction. [S0556-2821(98)07921-1] C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 093018 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900029 ER PT J AU Dunietz, I AF Dunietz, I TI Heavy baryon production and decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB The branching ratio B(Lambda(c) --> pK(-) pi(+)) normalizes the production and decay of charmed and bottom baryons. At present, this crucial branching ratio is extracted dominantly from B-baryons analyses. This paper questions several of the underlying assumptions and predicts sizable (B) over bar --> D-(*)N (N) over bar' X transitions, which were traditionally neglected. It predicts B(Lambda(c) --> pK(-) pi(+)) to be larger (0.07+/-0.02) than the world average. Some consequences an briefly mentioned. Several techniques to measure B(Lambda(c) --> pK(-) pi(+)) are outlined with existing or soon available data samples. By equating two recent CLEO results, an appendix obtains B(D-0 --> K- pi(+)) = 0.035+/-0.002, which is somewhat smaller than the current world average. [S0556-2821(98)05319-3] C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 094010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.094010 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900039 ER PT J AU Gandhi, R Quigg, C Reno, MH Sarcevic, I AF Gandhi, R Quigg, C Reno, MH Sarcevic, I TI Neutrino interactions at ultrahigh energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB We report new calculations of the cross sections for deeply inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering at neutrino energies between 10(9) eV and 10(21) eV. We compare with results in the literature and assess the reliability of our predictions. For completeness, we briefly review the cross sections for neutrino interactions with atomic electrons, emphasizing the role of the W-boson resonance in <(nu)over bar>(e)e interactions for neutrino energies in the neighborhood of 6.3 PeV. Adopting model predictions for extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes from active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursters, and the collapse of topological defects, we estimate event rates in large-volume water Cerenkov detectors and large-area ground arrays. [S0556-2821(98)08621-4]. C1 Mehta Res Inst, Allahabad 211019, Uttar Pradesh, India. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Mehta Res Inst, Chhatnag Rd, Allahabad 211019, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM raj@mri.ernet.in; quigg@fnal.gov; reno@hepsunl.physics.uiowa.edu; ina@gluon.physics.arizona.edu NR 86 TC 401 Z9 402 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 093009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.093009 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900020 ER PT J AU Giele, WT Keller, S AF Giele, WT Keller, S TI Implications of hadron collider observables on parton distribution function uncertainties SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB Standard parton distribution function sets do not have rigorously quantified uncertainties. In recent years it has become apparent that these uncertainties play an important role in the interpretation of hadron collider data. In this paper, using the framework of statistical inference, we illustrate a technique that can be used to efficiently propagate the uncertainties to new observables, assess the compatibility of new data with an initial fit, and, in case the compatibility is good, include the new data in the fit. [S0556-2821(98)02019-0] C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Giele, WT (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 106, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 15 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 094023 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.094023 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900052 ER PT J AU Gordon, LE Goshtasbpour, M Ramsey, GP AF Gordon, LE Goshtasbpour, M Ramsey, GP TI x-dependent polarized parton distributions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SPIN STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; TO-LEADING-ORDER; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1)(N); PROMPT PHOTON PRODUCTION; BJORKEN SUM-RULE; NUCLEON SPIN; PROTON; QCD; GLUON AB Using QCD motivated and phenomenological considerations, we construct x dependent polarized parton distributions, which evolve under GLAP evolution, satisfy DIS data and are within positivity constraints. Each flavor is done separately and the overall set can be used to predict polarization asymmetries for various processes. We perform our NLO analysis strictly in x space. SmalI-x results and other physical considerations are discussed. [S0556-2821(98)05819-6] C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Shahid Beheshti Univ, Tehran, Iran. AEOI, Ctr Theoret Phys & Math, Tehran, Iran. Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 72 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 094017 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.094017 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900046 ER PT J AU Grossman, Y Pelaez, JR Worah, MP AF Grossman, Y Pelaez, JR Worah, MP TI Fast CP violation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB B flavor tagging will be extensively studied at the asymmetric B factories due to its importance in CP asymmetry measurements. The primary tagging modes are the semileptonic decays of the b (lepton tag), or the hadronic b --> c(--> s) decays (kaon tag). We suggest that looking for time dependent CP asymmetries in events where one B is tagged leptonically and the other one is tagged with a kaon could result in an early detection of CP violation. Although in the standard model these asymmetries are expected to be small, similar to 1%, they could be measured with about the same amount of data as in the "gold-plated" decay B-d-->psi K-S. In the presence of physics beyond the standard model, these asymmetries could be as large as similar to 5%, and the first CP violation signal in the B system may show up in these events. We give explicit examples of new physics scenarios where this occurs. [S0556-2821(98)09321-7] C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Grossman, Y (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Pelaez, Jose/K-9767-2014 OI Pelaez, Jose/0000-0003-0737-4681 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 096009 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900096 ER PT J AU Peng, JC Garvey, GT Awes, TC Beddo, ME Brooks, ML Brown, CN Bush, JD Carey, TA Chang, TH Cooper, WE Gagliardi, CA Geesaman, DF Hawker, EA He, XC Isenhower, LD Kaufman, SB Kaplan, DM Kirk, PN Koetke, DD Kyle, G Lee, DM Lee, WM Leitch, MJ Makins, N McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Mueller, BA Nord, PM Park, BK Papavassiliou, V Petitt, G Reimer, PE Sadler, ME Stankus, PW Sondheim, WE Thompson, TN Towell, RS Tribble, RE Vasiliev, MA Wang, YC Wang, ZF Webb, JC Willis, JL Wise, DK Young, GR AF Peng, JC Garvey, GT Awes, TC Beddo, ME Brooks, ML Brown, CN Bush, JD Carey, TA Chang, TH Cooper, WE Gagliardi, CA Geesaman, DF Hawker, EA He, XC Isenhower, LD Kaufman, SB Kaplan, DM Kirk, PN Koetke, DD Kyle, G Lee, DM Lee, WM Leitch, MJ Makins, N McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Mueller, BA Nord, PM Park, BK Papavassiliou, V Petitt, G Reimer, PE Sadler, ME Stankus, PW Sondheim, WE Thompson, TN Towell, RS Tribble, RE Vasiliev, MA Wang, YC Wang, ZF Webb, JC Willis, JL Wise, DK Young, GR TI (d)over-bar/(u)over-bar asymmetry and the origin of the nucleon sea SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB The Drell-Yan cross section ratios, sigma(p + d)/sigma(p + p), measured in Fermilab E866, have led to the first determination of (d) over bar(x)/<(mu)over bar>(x), (d) over bar-(x) - <(mu)over bar>(x), and the integral of (d) over bar(x) - (u) over bar(x) for the proton over the range 0.02 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.345. The E866 results are compared with predictions based on parton distribution functions and various theoretical models. The relationship between the E866 results and the NMC measurement of the Gottfried integral is discussed. The agreement between the E866 results and models employing virtual mesons indicates that these non-perturbative processes play an important role in the origin of the (d) over bar, (u) over bar asymmetry in the nucleon sea. [S0556-2821(98)02821-5]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 NR 23 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 9 AR 092004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.092004 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 134GV UT WOS:000076735900009 ER PT J AU Somer, FL Canright, GS Kaplan, T AF Somer, FL Canright, GS Kaplan, T TI Defect-unbinding transitions and inherent structures in two dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID 2 DIMENSIONS; MELTING TRANSITION; LIQUIDS; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; GLASSES; PHASE; ORDER; SIZE AB We present a large-scale (36 000-particle) computational study of the "inherent structures" (IS) associated with equilibrium, two-dimensional, one-component Lennard-Jones systems. Our results provide strong support both for the inherent-structures theory of classical fluids, and for the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young theory of two-stage melting in two dimensions. This support comes from the observation of three qualitatively distinct "phases" of inherent structures: a crystal, a "hexatic glass,'' and a "liquid glass.'' We also directly observe, in the IS, analogs of the two defect-unbinding transitions (respectively, of dislocations and disclinations) believed to mediate the two equilibrium phase transitions. Each transition shows up in the inherent structures, although the free disclinations in the "liquid glass" are embedded in a percolating network of grain boundaries. The bond-orientational correlation functions of the inherent structures show the same progressive loss of order as do the three equilibrium phases: long-range --> quasi-long-range --> short-range. [S1063-651X(98)13209-9]. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Somer, FL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM geoffc@sapphire.phys.utk.edu NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 5748 EP 5756 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.5748 PN A PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VU UT WOS:000077052100071 ER PT J AU Hu, YC Pesch, W Ahlers, G Ecke, RE AF Hu, YC Pesch, W Ahlers, G Ecke, RE TI Convection under rotation for Prandtl numbers near 1: Kuppers-Lortz instability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION; SPIRAL DEFECT CHAOS; PATTERNS; TURBULENCE; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; LAYER AB The Kuppers-Lortz (KL) instability in Rayleigh-Benard convection rotated about a vertical axis was studied experimentally using optical-shadowgraph imaging in the rotating frame for dimensionless rotation rates 610.5, spontaneous formation of KL domain walls away from the sidewall was observed. For 8(a)(epsilon)=omega(a)(epsilon,Omega)/omega(r)(Omega) by applying an Omega-dependent factor l/omega(r). Similar collapse can be accomplished for <(xi)over tilde>(epsilon)=xi(epsilon,Omega)/xi(r)(Omega). An analysis of <(omega)over tilde>(a)(epsilon) and <(xi)over tilde>(epsilon) in terms of various functional forms is presented. It is difficult to reconcile the epsilon dependence of <(omega)over tilde>(a) and <(xi)over tilde> at small epsilon with the theoretically expected proportionality to epsilon and epsilon(-1/2), respectively. [S1063-651X(98)12911-2]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Inst Phys, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Hu, YC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Ecke, Robert/0000-0001-7772-5876 NR 35 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 5821 EP 5833 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.5821 PN A PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VU UT WOS:000077052100078 ER PT J AU Ramshaw, JD AF Ramshaw, JD TI Simple model for linear and nonlinear mixing at unstable fluid interfaces with variable acceleration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SHOCKED INTERFACES; ENERGY AB A simple model is described for predicting the time evolution of the half-width h of a mixing layer between two initially separated immiscible fluids of different density subjected to an arbitrary time-dependent variable acceleration history a(t). The model is based on a heuristic expression for the kinetic energy per unit area of the mixing layer. This expression is based on that for the kinetic energy of a linearly perturbed interface, but with a dynamically renormalized wavelength which becomes proportional to h in the nonlinear regime. An equation of motion for h is then derived from Lagrange's equations. This model reproduces the known linear growth rates of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) and Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instabilities, as well as the nonlinear RT growth law h=alpha Aat(2) for constant a (where A is the Atwood number) and the nonlinear RM growth law h similar to t(theta) for impulsive a, when alpha and theta depend on the rate of kinetic energy dissipation. In the case of zero dissipation, theta=2/3 in agreement with elementary scaling arguments. A conservative numerical scheme is proposed to solve the model equations, and is used to perform calculations that agree well with published experimental mixing data for four different acceleration histories. [S1063-651X(98)13411-6]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ramshaw, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-097, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 5834 EP 5840 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.5834 PN A PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VU UT WOS:000077052100079 ER PT J AU Hou, TY Wu, XH Chen, SY Zhou, Y AF Hou, TY Wu, XH Chen, SY Zhou, Y TI Effect of finite computational domain on turbulence scaling law in both physical and spectral spaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB The well-known translation between the power law of the energy spectrum and that of the correlation function or the second order structure function has been widely used in analyzing random data. Here, we show that the translation is valid only in proper scaling regimes. The regimes of valid translation are different for the correlation function and the structure function. Indeed, they do not overlap. Furthermore, in practice, the power laws exist only for a finite range of scales. We show that this finite range makes the translation inexact even in the proper scaling regime. The error depends on the scaling exponent. The current findings are applicable to data analysis in fluid turbulence and other stochastic systems. [S1063-651X(98)13911-9]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. IBM Corp, Res Ctr, Div Res, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Inst Comp Applicat Sci & Engn, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hou, TY (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010 NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 5841 EP 5844 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.5841 PN A PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VU UT WOS:000077052100080 ER PT J AU Iannacchione, GS Garland, CW Mang, JT Rieker, TP AF Iannacchione, GS Garland, CW Mang, JT Rieker, TP TI Calorimetric and small angle x-ray scattering study of phase transitions in octylcyanobiphenyl-aerosil dispersions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SMECTIC-A TRANSITION; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; SILICA AEROGELS; HEAT-CAPACITY; HEPTYLOXYBENZYLIDENE BUTYLANILINE; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; FIELD-THEORY; 8CB AB High-resolution calorimetric studies have been made of the liquid crystal phase transitions for several dispersions of 70-Angstrom-diam silica spheres (aerosil) in octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) as a function of silica density rho(S) The excess specific heat peaks associated with the nematic-isotropic (N-1) and the nematic-smectic-A (N-SmA) transitions both exhibit shifts to lower temperatures, decreases in the specific heat maximum values, and decreases in the transition enthalpies as rho(S) is increased. Two distinct regimes of rho(S)-dependent behaviors are observed with a crossover between them at rho(S)congruent to 0.1 g cm(-3). For lower silica densities, sharp second-order C-p peaks are observed at the N-SmA transitions, characterized by effective critical exponents that decrease monotonically with ps from the pure 8CB value toward the three-dimensional XY value, and two closely spaced but distinct first-order C-p features are observed at the N-I transition. For higher silica densities, both the N-SmA and the N-I transitions exhibit a single rounded C-p peak, shifting in temperature and decreasing in total enthalpy in a manner similar to that observed in 8CB+aerogel systems. Small angle x-ray scattering data are qualitatively aerogel-like and yield temperature-independent mass-fractal dimensionalities for aerosil aggregates that differ for samples with silica densities above and below the crossover density. [S1063-651X(98)11711-7]. C1 MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manual Juan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Microengineered Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Iannacchione, GS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 49 TC 165 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 5966 EP 5981 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.5966 PN A PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VU UT WOS:000077052100095 ER PT J AU Sandler, IM Canright, GS Gao, HJ Pang, SJ Xue, ZQ Zhang, ZY AF Sandler, IM Canright, GS Gao, HJ Pang, SJ Xue, ZQ Zhang, ZY TI Chiral patterns arising from electrostatic growth models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; CRYSTALS; FILMS; GEOMETRY; ISLANDS; EPITAXY; POLYMER; BEAM AB Recently, unusual and strikingly beautiful seahorselike growth patterns have been observed under conditions of quasi-two-dimensional growth. These S-shaped patterns strongly break two-dimensional inversion symmetry; however, such broken symmetry occurs only at the level of overall morphology, as the clusters are formed from achiral molecules with an achiral unit cell. Here we describe a mechanism that gives rise to chiral growth morphologies without invoking microscopic chirality. This mechanism involves trapped electrostatic charge on the growing cluster, and the enhancement of growth in regions of large electric field. We illustrate the mechanism with a tree growth model, with a continuum model for the motion of the one-dimensional boundary, and with microscopic Monte Carlo simulations. Our most dramatic results are found using the continuum model, which strongly exhibits spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, and in particular finned S shapes like those seen in the experiments. [S1063-651X(98)03010-4]. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Lab Vacuum Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Sandler, IM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 6015 EP 6026 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.6015 PN B PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VV UT WOS:000077052300002 ER PT J AU Gang, O Wu, XZ Ocko, BM Sirota, EB Deutsch, M AF Gang, O Wu, XZ Ocko, BM Sirota, EB Deutsch, M TI Surface freezing in chain molecules. II. Neat and hydrated alcohols SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; INDUCED PHASE-TRANSITION; LIQUID NORMAL-ALKANES; ROTATOR PHASES; LANGMUIR-MONOLAYERS; CAPILLARY WAVES; FORCE-FIELD; N-ALKANES; WATER; DYNAMICS AB Surface freezing is studied in dry and hydrated normal-alcohol melts by x-ray scattering and surface tensiometry. A single crystalline bilayer forms at the surface, for even carbon numbers only, at temperatures up to 1 degrees C (dry) or 2 degrees C (wet) above the bulk freezing, and persists without change down to bulk freezing. The packing is hexagonal, with untilted molecules for shea chains and tilted molecules for long chains. The lattices of the upper and lower monolayers are shifted along the next-nearest-neighbor direction. Hydration is found to swell the bilayer by similar to 2.5 Angstrom due to water intercalation into the bilayer, at a molecular water:alcohol ratio of similar to 1:2. It also increases the transition temperatures, and the temperature and chain-length ranges for which surface crystallization is observed. These effects are accounted for quantitatively by considering the surprising increase in hydration upon freezing, and taking into account the Gibbs-rule-predicted water depletion at the surface in the liquid surface phase. [S1063-651X(98)15010-9]. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Exxon Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Gang, O (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RI Sirota, Eric/A-7633-2009 NR 51 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 6086 EP 6100 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.6086 PN B PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VV UT WOS:000077052300008 ER PT J AU Giraud, BG Lapedes, A Liu, LC AF Giraud, BG Lapedes, A Liu, LC TI Analysis of correlations between sites in models of protein sequences SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MUTATIONS; CONTACTS; COVARIATION; ALIGNMENTS AB A criterion based on conditional probabilities, related to the concept of algorithmic distance, is used to detect correlated mutations at noncontiguous sites on sequences. We apply this criterion to the problem of analyzing correlations between sites in protein sequences; however, the analysis applies generally to networks of interacting sites with discrete states at each site. Elementary models, where explicit results can be derived easily, are introduced. The number of states per site considered ranges from 2, illustrating the relation to familiar classical spin systems, to 20 states, suitable for representing amino acids. Numerical simulations show that the criterion remains valid even when the genetic history of the data samples (e.g., protein sequences), as represented by a phylogenetic tree, introduces nonindependence between samples. Statistical fluctuations due to finite sampling are also investigated and do not invalidate the criterion. A subsidiary result is found: The more homogeneous a population, the more easily its average properties can drift from the properties of its ancestor. [S1063-651X(98)08510-9]. C1 CENS, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Giraud, BG (reprint author), CENS, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 6312 EP 6322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.6312 PN B PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VV UT WOS:000077052300033 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B Bolton, PR AF Ritchie, B Bolton, PR TI Ultrashort pulse laser ionization of ions in a plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING IONIZATION; INTENSE; HOT; HYDROGEN; MODEL AB Theoretical calculations are presented that show that optical field ionization of an ion in a plasma medium, induced by an intense ultrashort laser pulse, is sensitive to the plasma screening of the binding potential of the target ionic electrons by surrounding plasma electrons. Hence experimental measurements of ionization rate versus plasma electron density would provide a direct test of theoretical plasma models for hot, dense matter. [S1063-651X(98)12909-4]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ritchie, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 6460 EP 6464 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.6460 PN B PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VV UT WOS:000077052300049 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, KO Malomed, BA Bishop, AR Gronbech-Jensen, N AF Rasmussen, KO Malomed, BA Bishop, AR Gronbech-Jensen, N TI Soliton motion in a parametrically ac-driven damped Toda lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate that a staggered parametric ac driving term can support stable progressive motion of a soliton in a Toda lattice with friction, while an unstaggered driving force cannot. A physical context of the model is that of a chain of anharmonically coupled particles adsorbed on a solid surface of a finite size. The ac driving force is generated by a standing acoustic wave excited on the surface. Simulations demonstrate that the state left behind the moving soliton, with the particles shifted from their equilibrium positions, gradually relaxes back to the equilibrium state that existed before the passage of the soliton. The perturbation theory predicts that the ac-driven soliton exists if the amplitude of the drive exceeds a certain threshold. The analytical prediction for the threshold is in reasonable agreement with that found numerically. Collisions between two counterpropagating solitons is also simulated, demonstrating that the collisions are, effectively, fully elastic. [S1063-651X(98)07111-6]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Interdisciplinary Studie, Fac Engn, IL-69975 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 6695 EP 6699 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.6695 PN B PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VV UT WOS:000077052300073 ER PT J AU Martys, NS Shan, XW Chen, HD AF Martys, NS Shan, XW Chen, HD TI Evaluation of the external force term in the discrete Boltzmann equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB A representation of the forcing term in the Boltzmann equation based on a Hermite expansion of the Boltzmann distribution function in velocity phase space is derived. Based on this description of the forcing term, a systematic comparison of previous lattice Boltzmann models describing a nonideal gas behavior is given. [S1063-651X(98)12010-X]. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Bldg Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div MS B213, Complex Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Exa Corp, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RP Martys, NS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Bldg Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Shan, Xiaowen/H-2836-2013 OI Shan, Xiaowen/0000-0002-6350-9248 NR 6 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 6855 EP 6857 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.6855 PN B PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VV UT WOS:000077052300099 ER PT J AU Nie, XB Qian, YH Doolen, GD Chen, SY AF Nie, XB Qian, YH Doolen, GD Chen, SY TI Lattice Boltzmann simulation of the awe-dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor instability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BUBBLE MERGER; GAS AUTOMATA; MODEL; FLUIDS; VALIDATION; FLOWS AB A lattice Boltzmann model for multicomponent fluid flows is used to simulate the two-dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The dynamical processes of the instability, varying from linear growth to mixing, have been simulated. The results agree with experiments, analytical studies, and other numerical simulations. [S1063-651X(98)03811-2]. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Beijing 100088, Peoples R China. RP Nie, XB (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 6861 EP 6864 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.6861 PN B PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VV UT WOS:000077052300101 ER PT J AU Mitkov, I Tartakovsky, DM Winter, CL AF Mitkov, I Tartakovsky, DM Winter, CL TI Dynamics of wetting fronts in porous media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; INVASION PERCOLATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; MODEL; INFILTRATION; HYSTERESIS; DIFFUSION AB We propose a phenomenological approach for describing the dynamics of wetting front propagation in porous media. Unlike traditional models, the proposed approach is based on the dynamic nature of the relation between capillary pressure and medium saturation. We choose a modified phase-field model of solidification as a particular case of such a dynamic relation. We show that in the traveling wave regime the results obtained from our approach reproduce those derived from the standard model of flow in porous media. In a more general case, the proposed approach reveals the dependence of front dynamics upon the how regime. [S1063-651X(98)51411-0]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Geoanal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mitkov, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013; Winter, C. Larrabee/D-3918-2013 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP R5245 EP R5248 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.R5245 PN A PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 139VU UT WOS:000077052100012 ER PT J AU Louck, JD Chen, WYC Galbraith, HW AF Louck, JD Chen, WYC Galbraith, HW TI Combinatorics of 3n-j coefficients SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VIII International Conference on Symmetry Methods in Physics - Dedicated to the 80th Anniversary of the Birth of Ya A Smorodinsky CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1997 CL DUBNA, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Bogolyubov Lab Theoret Phys, Russian Federat, Min Sci & Technol Policy, Russian Fdn Basic Res AB The binary coupling theory of the addition of n + 1 angular momenta, or, equivalently, of the reduction of n + 1 multiple Kronecker products of the unitary irreducible representations of the unitary group SU(2), is reviewed with emphasis on the combinatorial structure. Using labeled binary trees, we give the generating function for the coupled angular-momentum function corresponding to every binary coupling scheme. From this result, we obtain the generating function for the coefficients for all recoupling coefficients. We generalize the methods of Schwinger, but formulated in the ring of polynomials. a key concept for recoupling coefficients is the double Pfaffian, which is closely related to MacMahon's master theorem. Work in progress includes the classification of 3n-j coefficients, the investigation of representations of U(n + 1) that arise from its right action on the 2 x (n + 1) matrix Z of indeterminates whose columns are the two-component spinors associated with the (n + 1)-angular-momentum basis function, and related problems. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louck, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PUBL PI WOODBURY PA C/O AMERICAN INST PHYSICS, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, MEMBER SUBSCRIBER SERVICES, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1063-7788 J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD NOV PY 1998 VL 61 IS 11 BP 1868 EP 1873 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 147CF UT WOS:000077469800012 ER PT J AU Clark, TT Zemach, C AF Clark, TT Zemach, C TI Symmetries and the approach to statistical equilibrium in isotropic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DECAY; MODEL AB The relaxation in time of an arbitrary isotropic turbulent state to a state of statistical equilibrium is identified as a transition to a state which is invariant under a symmetry group. We deduce the allowed self-similar forms and time-decay laws for equilibrium states by applying Lie-group methods (a) to a family of scaling symmetries, for the limit of high Reynolds number, as well as (b) to a unique scaling symmetry, for nonzero viscosity or nonzero hyperviscosity. This explains why a diverse collection of turbulence models, going back half a century, arrived at the same time-decay laws, either through derivations embedded in the mechanics of a particular model, or through numerical computation Because the models treat the same dynamical variables having the same physical dimensions, they are subject to the same scaling invariances and hence to the same time-decay laws, independent of the eccentricities of their different formulations. We show in turn, by physical argument, by an explicitly solvable analytical model, and by numerical computation in more sophisticated models, that the physical mechanism which drives (this is distinct from the mathematical circumstance which allows) the relaxation to equilibrium is the cascade of turbulence energy toward higher wave numbers, with the rate of cascade approaching zero in the low wave-number limit and approaching infinity in the high wave-number limit. Only the low-wave-number properties of the initial state can influence the equilibrium state. This supplies the physical basis, beyond simple dimensional analysis, for quantitative estimates of relaxation times. These relaxation times are estimated to be as large as hundreds or more times the initial dominant-eddy cycle times, and are determined by the large-eddy cycle times. This mode of analysis, applied to a viscous turbulent system in a wind tunnel with typical initial laboratory parameters, shows that the time necessary to reach the final stage of decay is astronomically large, and would require a wind tunnel of astronomical length. [S1070-6631(98)02011-X]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clark, TT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Mail Stop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 1998 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2846 EP 2858 DI 10.1063/1.869806 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 131QV UT WOS:000076587500014 ER PT J AU Chen, SY Kraichnan, RH AF Chen, SY Kraichnan, RH TI Simulations of a randomly advected passive scalar field SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM VELOCITY-FIELD; RANDOM SHELL MODELS; KRAICHNAN MODEL; TURBULENT ADVECTION; SCALING EXPONENTS; MEAN GRADIENT; FUSION RULES; ZERO MODES; INTERMITTENCY; STATISTICS AB The advection of a passive scalar field by a rapidly decorrelating random velocity field with power-law scaling is computed by simulations in a cyclic square at resolutions of 4096(2) and 8192(2) grid points. Structure functions of the scalar field are measured and inertial-range scaling exponents are determined. The conditional mean of the scalar-field dissipation term and its moments are found. The results are compared with theoretical predictions and with other recent simulations. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-6631(98)00211-6] C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM syc@lanl.gov; rhk@lanl.gov RI Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010 NR 48 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 1998 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2867 EP 2884 DI 10.1063/1.869808 PG 18 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 131QV UT WOS:000076587500016 ER PT J AU Strickland, JH Selerland, T Karagozian, AR AF Strickland, JH Selerland, T Karagozian, AR TI Numerical simulations of a lobed fuel injector SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID STREAMWISE VORTICITY; FLOW SIMULATION; VORTEX METHODS; ELEMENT METHOD; JET FLAMES; MIXER AB Numerical modeling of the nonreactive mixing processes associated with a lobed fuel injector in a coflowing air stream is presented. The lobed fuel injector is a device which generates strong streamwise vorticity, producing locally high strain rates which can enhance the molecular mixing of reactants while delaying ignition in a controlled manner. Vortex element modeling is used to simulate flow field evolution and fuel element mixing characteristics for this lobed fuel injector. Quantitative predictions for vorticity generation and qualitative results for streamwise rollup compare well qualitatively with recent experimental investigations of this flow field [Smith ct nl., Phys. Fluids 9, 667 (1997)]. Parametric studies of the effects of lobe amplitude-to-wavelength ratio, lobe angle, and lobe shape for given flow conditions suggest that geometrical features may be optimized to enhance mixing and control reaction processes. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-6631(98)02911-0]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Strickland, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 1998 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2950 EP 2964 DI 10.1063/1.869815 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 131QV UT WOS:000076587500023 ER PT J AU Rose, HA AF Rose, HA TI The broad bandwidth paradigm for stimulated Raman scattering in laser-plasma interactions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; SATURATION; WAVES AB The experimentally observed bandwidth of backscattered stimulated Raman scattered (SRS) light may be large enough to overwhelm the bandwidth of the induced Langmuir wave turbulence. In this broad bandwidth regime it is possible to simply relate the spatial variation of the reflectivity to its spectral density at the SRS matching frequency, without further assumption as to the nature of the turbulence. It is suggested that this regime is a useful starting point for modeling the self consistent nonlinear plasma response to SRS, and towards this end a novel stochastic quasi-linear Markovian model is introduced. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)02611-1]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rose, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM har@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1998 VL 5 IS 11 BP 3868 EP 3875 DI 10.1063/1.873106 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 130BD UT WOS:000076498600009 ER PT J AU Rose, HA AF Rose, HA TI Model simulations of Langmuir wave turbulence induced by the Raman instability SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR ION WAVES; SCATTERING; SATURATION AB One and two dimensional simulations of a variant of Zakhavov's equations of nonlinear Langmuir wave dynamics, driven by a model source owing to Stimulated Raman backscatter (SRS) at wavenumber k(1), yield constitutive relations between the energy injection rate, [epsilon] from SRS, and various local Langmuir wave turbulence properties, such as the mean spatial and spectral energy densities and effective damping rate, nu(eff). In the inertial regime, where the Langmuir wave damping is significant only for k>k(1), it is found that these relations are insensitive to the source bandwidth, nu, if nu greater than or equal to nu(eff,) and are well represented by power laws in [epsilon]. Approximate scaling relations of nu(eff) with the ion acoustic damping rate coefficient, nu(ia), show that the turbulence is over-stable with respect to the Langmuir decay instability, as determined by nu(ia) and nu(eff), by a factor of order unity. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)02711-6]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rose, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1998 VL 5 IS 11 BP 3876 EP 3885 DI 10.1063/1.873107 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 130BD UT WOS:000076498600010 ER PT J AU Mirnov, S Semenov, I Fredrickson, E Budny, R Chang, Z McGuire, K Park, H Takahashi, H Taylor, G Von Goeler, S Zakharov, L Zweben, S AF Mirnov, S Semenov, I Fredrickson, E Budny, R Chang, Z McGuire, K Park, H Takahashi, H Taylor, G Von Goeler, S Zakharov, L Zweben, S TI Phenomenology of major and minor disruptions in high beta deuterium and tritium tokamak fusion test reactor plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID JET; LIMIT AB The main subject of this work is the experimental study of the low m and n magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) perturbations during disruptive instability. This work presents the magnetic probe data, electron cyclotron emission (ECE), alpha-particle losses, and neutron flux data measured during the disruptive instability in high beta tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) [D. J. Grove and D. M. Meade, Nucl. Fusion 25, 1167 (1985)] plasmas. The major disruptions in high beta regimes go through several phases. The first phase is the fast (150-250 mu s) minor disruption (predisruption), causing a drop of the central temperature (and possibly, density). In this phase a powerful central m=1/n=1 mode initiates the sequential development of m=4/n=1, 3/1, 2/1, 3/2 peripheral modes, which lead to a 3/1 locked mode. The second phase is the slow thermal quench (2 ms) in the presence of a locked mode. The third phase is a fast positive current spike generation (5%-10% increase in Ip in less than 0.5 ms) and finally, the current quench occurs with a loss of 2.5 MA in 5 ms. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)00911-2]. C1 TRINITI, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Region, Russia. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Mirnov, S (reprint author), TRINITI, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Region, Russia. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1998 VL 5 IS 11 BP 3950 EP 3960 DI 10.1063/1.873114 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 130BD UT WOS:000076498600017 ER PT J AU Kinsey, JE Waltz, RE St John, HE AF Kinsey, JE Waltz, RE St John, HE TI Theoretical transport modeling of Ohmic cold pulse experiments SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TEXAS-EXPERIMENTAL-TOKAMAK; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; HEAT-TRANSPORT; H-MODE; SIMULATIONS; TFTR; JET; INJECTION; IMPURITY AB The response of several theory-based transport models in Ohmically heated tokamak discharges to rapid edge cooling due to trace impurity injection is studied. Results are presented for the Institute for Fusion Studies-Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (IFS/PPPL), gyro-Landau-fluid (GLF23), Multi-mode (MM), and the Itoh-Itoh-Fukuyama (IIF) transport models with an emphasis on results from the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT) [K. W. Gentle, Nucl. Technol./Fusion 1, 479 (1981)]. It is found that critical gradient models containing a strong ion and electron temperature ratio dependence can exhibit behavior that is qualitatively consistent with experimental observation while depending solely on local parameters. The IFS/PPPL model yields the strongest response and demonstrates both rapid radial pulse propagation and a noticeable increase in the central electron temperature following a cold edge temperature pulse (amplitude reversal). Furthermore, the amplitude reversal effect is predicted to diminish with increasing electron density and auxiliary heating in agreement with experimental data. An Ohmic pulse heating effect due to rearrangement of the current profile is shown to contribute to the rise in the core electron temperature in TEXT, but not in the Joint European Tokamak (JET) [A. Tanga and the JET Team, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 65] and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [R. J. Hawryluk, V. Arunsalam, M. G. . Bell et al., in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 51]. While this phenomenon is not necessarily a unique signature of a critical gradient, there is sufficient evidence suggesting that the apparent plasma response to edge cooling may not require any underlying nonlocal mechanism and may be explained within the context of the intrinsic properties of electrostatic drift wave-based models. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)01811-4]. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kinsey, JE (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1998 VL 5 IS 11 BP 3974 EP 3981 DI 10.1063/1.873117 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 130BD UT WOS:000076498600020 ER PT J AU Cobble, JA Johnson, RP Mason, RJ AF Cobble, JA Johnson, RP Mason, RJ TI Wavelength scaling of high-intensity illumination of an exploded foil SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PULSE; PLASMA; IGNITION AB A preformed plasma simulating the corona of a fast ignitor target has been probed with 527 nm and 1054 nm lasers exceeding the critical power for ponderomotive electron cavitation. For both colors, the f number of the probe beam is increased as it propagates through the plasma. Transmission of the diffraction-limited beams is higher for the green than for the 1 mu m case. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(98)02911-5]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cobble, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-24,E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1998 VL 5 IS 11 BP 4005 EP 4008 DI 10.1063/1.873122 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 130BD UT WOS:000076498600025 ER PT J AU Sarman, SS Evans, DJ Cummings, PT AF Sarman, SS Evans, DJ Cummings, PT TI Recent developments in non-Newtonian molecular dynamics SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review ID NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; TIME-CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; GAY-BERNE FLUID; AFFINE TRANSFORMATION MODEL; SHEAR-FLOW INSTABILITIES; CONJUGATE-PAIRING RULE; LENNARD-JONES MIXTURES; COUETTE STRAIN FIELD; HARD-CORE MODELS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB In just 25 years, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) has gone from a largely empirical molecular simulation methodology based on reproducing planar Couette flow in brute force fashion to a fully developed subfield of molecular simulation, underpinned rigorously by linear and nonlinear response theory, with prescriptions now available to simulate synthetically, in thermodynamically homogeneous systems, all of the transport properties measured experimentally (viscosity, self- and mutual diffusion coefficients, thermal conductivity, and Soret and Dufor coefficients). Many of these developments were reviewed in the 1990 monograph by Evans and Morriss (Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Liquids, Academic Press, New York, 1990). However, progress in this field has been very rapid since 1990, and this review describes some of the major developments over the intervening period. These include extensions of the NEMD simple-fluid algorithms for viscosity and thermal conductivity to rigid nonspherical molecules, coupling of thermal conductivity and mass diffusion in mixtures, calculation of transport properties (diffusion coefficient and thermal conductivity) in systems subjected to nonlinear shear, application of NEMD to model liquid crystal systems, and the use of NEMD simulation to understand the nonlinear dynamics of nonequilibrium steady states. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Cummings, PT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 419 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Evans, Denis/C-1653-2009; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 138 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 305 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0370-1573(98)00018-0 PG 92 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 125UZ UT WOS:000076256600001 ER PT J AU Cahn, RN AF Cahn, RN TI 'Particle physics and our everyday world' - A reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cahn, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 1998 VL 51 IS 11 BP 57 EP 58 DI 10.1063/1.882054 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 133RC UT WOS:000076698700017 ER PT J AU Auciello, O Ramesh, R AF Auciello, O Ramesh, R TI NVFRAMs story spurs volatile debate about physics, applications - Auciello and Ramesh reply SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 1998 VL 51 IS 11 BP 84 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 133RC UT WOS:000076698700025 ER PT J AU Komoroski, MJ Nagle, RD Congdon, JD AF Komoroski, MJ Nagle, RD Congdon, JD TI Relationships of lipids to ovum size in amphibians SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FROG RANIDELLA-SIGNIFERA; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; EGG SIZE; BOMBINA-ORIENTALIS; REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS; PROPAGULE SIZE; POPULATION; ENERGY; YOLK; SALAMANDERS AB Relative to small embryos, large embryos may have longer developmental periods and, subsequently, relatively greater maintenance budgets. Because of the potentially increased metabolic costs of maintaining large embryos for long embryonic periods, Salthe and Mecham (1974) suggested that as ovum size increases among amphibians, ovum lipids (the primary stored metabolic energy reserves) should increase at a proportionally greater rate. To test Salthe and Mecham's hypothesis, we quantified egg lipids for 13 amphibian species from the southeastern United States. As ovum size increased among species, total, nonpolar, and polar lipids increased at rates uniform with or relatively lower than rates of increase in ovum size, in contrast to the hypothesis of Salthe and Mecham. However, variation in ovum lipids among species may be related to differences in breeding biology. Our results indicate that the amount of lipids allocated to ova do not merely depend on ovum size, but rather on the selective environments of the embryo and neonate. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. RP Komoroski, MJ (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM komo@srel.edu NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0031-935X J9 PHYSIOL ZOOL JI Physiol. Zool. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 71 IS 6 BP 633 EP 641 PG 9 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 220UA UT WOS:000081684800004 PM 9798251 ER PT J AU van der Knaap, E Kende, H AF van der Knaap, E Kende, H TI Transcript level for a gene encoding a putative type 1a plasma membrane receptor is induced by gibberellin in deepwater rice SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deepwater rice; gibberellin-inducible gene expression; internodal growth; Oryza sativa L. ID DEEP-WATER RICE; GROWTH-RESPONSE; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; ACID; SUBMERGENCE; ELONGATION; ETHYLENE; KINASE AB In search for differentially expressed genes, a novel gene was identified whose transcript levels increased in response to gibberellin in the internodes of deepwater rice. Its expression was high in regions undergoing cell division and lower in the elongation and differentiation zones, Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that the gene may encode a type la receptor with an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic domain. C1 Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kende, H (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hkende@pilot.msu.edu RI van der Knaap, Esther/D-6307-2012 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO, 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1127 EP 1132 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 140GP UT WOS:000077079600002 PM 9891412 ER PT J AU Rizzo, DM Whiting, EC Elkins, RB AF Rizzo, DM Whiting, EC Elkins, RB TI Spatial distribution of Armillaria mellea in pear orchards SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; IDENTIFICATION; TRICHODERMA; GENETS; FOREST; SURVIVAL; OSTOYAE; SOIL AB Pears have traditionally been considered to be highly resistant to Armillaria root disease (causal agent: Armillaria mellea). In recent years, however, the incidence of Armillaria root disease in pears has increased in California. To determine the spatial distribution of Armillaria root disease in the field, a total of 156 isolates of Armillaria were collected from dead and dying pear trees located within two orchards in Lake County. All isolates from these two orchards, as well as from an additional 10 pear orchards, were identified as Armillaria mellea sensu stricto. Based on pairings among 102 Armillaria isolates, four somatic incompatibility groups (SIGs) were identified at orchard 1. Three of the four SIGs at this site were over 100 m in length; the largest SIG was at least 200 m in length. Pairings among 54 isolates identified five SIGs at orchard 2. The SIGs at orchard 2 were generally smaller than those detected at orchard 1 and ranged from 20 to 60 m in length. The size of the SIGs points toward long-term establishment of the fungus on the two sites, most likely predating the establishment of the pear orchards. Extensive root excavations of 19 trees indicated that the primary means of secondary spread of Armillaria was via rhizomorphs, as opposed to root-to-root contact. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Lakeport, CA 95453 USA. RP Rizzo, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1226 EP 1231 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.11.1226 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 132DY UT WOS:000076616100008 ER PT J AU Piejak, R Godyak, V Alexandrovich, B Tishchenko, N AF Piejak, R Godyak, V Alexandrovich, B Tishchenko, N TI Surface temperature and thermal balance of probes immersed in high density plasma SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The surface temperatures of thermal probes immersed in a low pressure inductively coupled argon discharge have been measured over a wide range of gas pressure. At a fixed discharge power, the measured temperature increases with gas pressure and decreases with increasing probe diameter. At a discharge power of 100 W, the surface temperature of a 0.4 mm diameter probe in the centre of the discharge ranges from 272 degrees C at 0.3 mTorr to 590 degrees C at 1 Torr. This temperature is considerably higher than the gas temperature. An analysis of the energy balance on a probe surface shows that plasma particle bombardment is the dominant heating process while radiation is the dominant cooling process. Probe temperatures found from an energy balance are in reasonable agreement with those measured in experiment. C1 Osram Sylvania Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Osram Sylvania Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. NR 15 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 590 EP 598 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/7/4/016 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 142FU UT WOS:000077190100015 ER PT J AU del Cueto, JA AF del Cueto, JA TI Review of the field performance of one cadmium telluride module SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article AB Performance data gathered in situ from a large-area cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film photovoltaic (PV) module that has been deployed outdoors since February 1995 are investigated. It appears that the module's performance has been stable over the last 2 years bat it exhibits a semi-cyclical variation whereby the efficiency appears to peak between the autumnal equinox and winter solstice, Analyses are performed that dissect module current-voltage parameters by irradiance and Examine their dependence on temperature. The temperature coefficient of the efficiency is quire small and negative from 80% of 1-sun intensity and upwards, Its meager value is the outcome of the sizes and opposite signs of the temperature coefficients of the open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Average module series resistance is quantified and shown to be a determinant in power loss of 11% at 1-sun intensity, It is demonstrated to constrain the fill factor at illumination intensifies above 60% of 1-sun, which occurs in the same range of illumination intensities that the temperature coefficients of the fill factor exhibit positive values, Evidence is presented that points to some spectrally-induced variations in the efficiency. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovoltaics, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP del Cueto, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovoltaics, M-S 3411,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 6 IS 6 BP 433 EP 446 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199811/12)6:6<433::AID-PIP236>3.0.CO;2-L PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 162VU UT WOS:000078368300004 ER PT J AU Murray, MB Tadaki, DK Campion, SR Lamerdin, JA Serpersu, EH Bradrick, TD Niyogi, SK AF Murray, MB Tadaki, DK Campion, SR Lamerdin, JA Serpersu, EH Bradrick, TD Niyogi, SK TI Structure-function analysis of a conserved aromatic cluster in the N-terminal domain of human epidermal growth factor SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aromatic cluster of human EGF; circular dichroism; mutagenesis; NMR analysis; receptor binding ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TYROSINE KINASE-ACTIVITY; FACTOR-ALPHA; RECEPTOR-BINDING; H-1-NMR ASSIGNMENTS; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; FACTOR HEGF; BETA-SHEET; PROTEIN AB The importance of a cluster of conserved aromatic residues of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) to the receptor binding epitope is suggested by the interaction of His10 and Tyr13 of the A-loop with Tyr22 and Tyr29 of the N-terminal beta-sheet to form a hydrophobic surface on the hEGF protein. Indeed, Tyr13 has previously been shown to contribute a hydrophobic determinant to receptor binding. The roles of His10, Tyr22 and Tyr29 were investigated by structure-function analysis of hEGF mutant analogues containing individual replacements of each residue. Substitutions with aromatic residues or a leucine at position 10 retained receptor affinities and agonist activities similar to wild-type indicating that an aromatic residue is not essential. Variants with polar, charged or aliphatic substitutions altered in size and/or hydrophobicity exhibited reduced binding and agonist activities, 1-Dimensional H-1 NMR spectra of high, moderate and low-affinity analogues at position 10 suggested only minor alterations in hEGF native structure. In contrast, a variety of replacements were tolerated at position 22 or 29 indicating that neither aromaticity nor hydrophobicity of Tyr22 and Tyr29 is required for receptor binding, CD spectra of mutant analogues at position 22 or 29 indicated a correlation between loss of receptor affinity and alterations in hEGF structure. The results indicate that similar to Tyr13, His10 of hEGF contributes hydrophobicity to the receptor binding epitope, whereas Tyr22 and Tyr29 do not appear to be directly involved in receptor interactions. The latter conclusion, together with previous studies, suggests that hydrophobic residues on only one face of the N-terminal P-sheet of hEGF are important in receptor recognition. C1 Prot Engn & Mol Mutagenesis Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NHLBI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Niyogi, SK (reprint author), Prot Engn & Mol Mutagenesis Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 09336]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R29 GM42661] NR 61 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0269-2139 J9 PROTEIN ENG JI Protein Eng. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1041 EP 1050 DI 10.1093/protein/11.11.1041 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 148MP UT WOS:000077509400011 PM 9876925 ER PT J AU Randall, LL Hardy, SJS Topping, TB Smith, VF Bruce, JE Smith, RD AF Randall, LL Hardy, SJS Topping, TB Smith, VF Bruce, JE Smith, RD TI The interaction between the chaperone SecB and its ligands: Evidence for multiple subsites for binding SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analytical ultracentrifugation; calorimetry; chaperones; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass; spectrometry; SecB ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETER; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; PHYSIOLOGICAL LIGAND; PROTEIN EXPORT; RECOGNITION; FRAME; PEPTIDE AB The chaperone protein SecB is dedicated to the facilitation of export of proteins from the cytoplasm to the periplasm and outer membrane of Escherichia coli. It functions to bind and deliver precursors of exported proteins to the membrane-associated translocation apparatus before the precursors fold into their native stable structures. The binding to SecB is characterized by a high selectivity for ligands having nonnative structure but a low specificity for consensus in sequence among the ligands. A model previously presented (Randall LL, Hardy SJS, 1995, Trends Biochem Sci 20:65-69) to rationalize the ability of SecB to distinguish between the native and nonnative states of a polypeptide proposes that the SecB tetramer contains two types of subsites for ligand binding: one kind that would interact with extended flexible stretches of polypeptides and the other with hydrophobic regions. Here we have used titration calorimetry, analytical ultracentrifugation, and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to obtain evidence that such distinguishable subsites exist. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Randall, LL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, POB 644660, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 53558, GM 29798] NR 27 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 7 IS 11 BP 2384 EP 2390 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 134WE UT WOS:000076766100015 PM 9828004 ER PT J AU Ayras, P Honkanen, S Grace, KM Shrouf, K Katila, P Leppihalme, M Tervonen, A Yang, X Swanson, B Peyghambarian, N AF Ayras, P Honkanen, S Grace, KM Shrouf, K Katila, P Leppihalme, M Tervonen, A Yang, X Swanson, B Peyghambarian, N TI Thin-film chemical sensors with waveguide Zeeman interferometry SO PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We describe a highly sensitive chemical sensor scheme using a Si3N4 channel waveguide with a selective surface coating based on polarimetric Zeeman interferometry. The sensing is based on measurement of the phase difference between TE and TM modes propagating in the anisotropic waveguide structure under exposure to toluene vapour. A real-time and reversible response at low ppm level is observed. Modelling results of the sensor structure to further increase its sensitivity are presented. C1 Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. VTT Elect, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland. Nokia Res Ctr, FIN-00211 Helsinki, Finland. RP Ayras, P (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-9659 J9 PURE APPL OPT JI Pure Appl. Opt. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1261 EP 1271 DI 10.1088/0963-9659/7/6/006 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 142QP UT WOS:000077212100004 ER PT J AU Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Barcellos-Hoff, MH TI How do tissues respond to damage at the cellular level? The role of cytokines in irradiated tissues SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR; ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR ACTIVITY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; INDUCED LUNG INJURY; FACTOR TYPE-BETA; LATENT TGF-BETA; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX AB The capacity of ionizing radiation to affect tissue function, control tumor growth and elicit pathological sequelae has been attributed in great part to its effects on cellular DNA, which, as the transmitter of genetic information, can both register damage and perpetuate it. Nonetheless, multicellular organisms function as the result of the cooperation of many cell types. What then occurs when individual cells are damaged by ionizing radiation? Is tissue response a sum of cellular effects such as cell death and DNA damage? Or does the tissue respond as a coherent unit to the damage of its parts? In this paper, data in support of the latter model that indicate a role for cytokines, in particular transforming growth factor pi, as critical components of extracellular signaling pathways that mediate tissue response to radiation will be reviewed. The key to manipulating the consequences of radiation exposure lies in understanding the complex interplay of events initiated at the cellular level, but acting on the tissue. (C) 1998 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barcellos-Hoff, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 134 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 150 IS 5 SU S BP S109 EP S120 DI 10.2307/3579813 PG 12 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 133QY UT WOS:000076698300012 PM 9806614 ER PT J AU Blakely, EA Kronenberg, A AF Blakely, EA Kronenberg, A TI Heavy-ion radiobiology: New approaches to delineate mechanisms underlying enhanced biological effectiveness SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; LINEAR-ENERGY-TRANSFER; INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; IRRADIATED MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ALPHA-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS; LOW-LET RADIATIONS AB Shortly after the discovery of polonium and radium by Marie Curie and her husband and colleague, Pierre Curie, it was learned that exposure to these alpha-particle emitters produced deleterious biological effects. The mechanisms underlying the increased biological effectiveness of densely ionizing radiations, including or particles, neutrons and highly energetic heavy charged particles, remain an active area of investigation. In this paper, we review recent advances in several areas of the radiobiology of these densely ionizing radiations, also known as heavy ions. Advances are described in the areas of DNA damage and repair, chromosome aberrations, mutagenesis, neoplastic transformation in vitro, genomic instability, normal tissue radiobiology and carcinogenesis in vivo. We focus on technical innovations, including novel applications of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), linkage analysis, and studies of gene expression and protein expression. We also highlight the use of new cellular and animal systems, including those with defined DNA repair deficiencies, as well as epithelial cell model systems to assess neoplastic transformation both in vitro and in vivo. The studies reviewed herein have had a substantial impact on our understanding of the genotoxic effects of heavy ions as well as their distinct effects on tissue homeostasis. The use of these radiations in cancer therapy is also discussed. The use of both heavy-ion and proton therapy is on the upswing in several centers around the world, due to their unique energy deposition characteristics that enhance the therapeutic effect and help reduce damage to normal tissue. (C) 1998 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blakely, EA (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-1118, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA73966]; NEI NIH HHS [EY10737] NR 264 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 13 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 150 IS 5 SU S BP S126 EP S145 DI 10.2307/3579815 PG 20 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 133QY UT WOS:000076698300014 PM 9806616 ER PT J AU Fry, SA AF Fry, SA TI Studies of US radium dial workers: An epidemiological classic SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOSE-RESPONSE; RADIATION; MORTALITY; INDUSTRY; EXPOSURE AB The tragic history of the exposure during the second and third decades of this century in the United States of radium dial workers, patients and members of the public to ionizing radiation from internally deposited isotopes of radium is well documented. Recognition of abnormal health outcomes among female dial workers and determination of a causal association between these outcomes among the workers and their exposure to radium leading to the development of protection standards is a classic example of an epidemiological process whereby knowledge and understanding of "the distribution and determinants of disease" evolve. Health effects studies involving U.S. female dial workers began in the early 1920s and continued into the present decade. These studies are discussed in the context of the epidemiological process whereby cause-effect relationships may be postulated, evaluated and refined to the benefit of workers and the general public, (C) 1998 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fry, SA (reprint author), 209 Briarcliff Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 150 IS 5 SU S BP S21 EP S29 DI 10.2307/3579805 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 133QY UT WOS:000076698300004 PM 9806606 ER PT J AU Massey, RS Knox, SO Franz, RC Holden, DN Rhodes, CT AF Massey, RS Knox, SO Franz, RC Holden, DN Rhodes, CT TI Measurements of transionospheric radio propagation parameters using the FORTE satellite SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; PULSE PAIRS; GPS AB We report initial measurements of ionospheric propagation parameters, particularly the total electron content (TEC), using the recently launched FORTE satellite. FORTE, which orbits the Earth at an altitude of 800 km and an inclination of 70 degrees, contains a set of wideband radio receivers whose output is digitally recorded. A specialized triggering circuit identifies transient, broadband radio events, which include radiation from lightning, transionospheric pulse pairs, and man-made sources. Event data are transmitted to the ground station for analysis. In this paper we examine signals transmitted from an electromagnetic pulse generator operated at Los Alamos. The transmitter produces nearly impulsive signals in the VHF range. The received signal is dispersed by the ionosphere, and the received signal can be analyzed to deduce the total electron content along the path. By comparing the slant TEC thus measured with results from a ray-tracing code, we can deduce the vertical TEC to 800 km. Data from eight passes are presented. These types of data (in larger quantities) are of interest to operators of radar altimeters, who need data to corroborate their corrections for the ionospheric TEC. The combination of FORTE TEC data to 800 km and TEC measurements to 20,000 km (the Global Positioning System orbital altitude) can provide useful information for assessing the validity of models of plasmaspheric electron density. Initial estimates of the plasmaspheric density, on two daytime passes, are about 6 TECU. The signal received by FORTE, which is linearly polarized at the transmitter, is split into two magnetoionic modes by the ionosphere. The receiving antenna is also linearly polarized and therefore receives both modes. By measuring the beat frequency between the two modes, we can deduce the product of the geomagnetic field and the cosine of the angle between the field and the propagation vector. The possibility of using the measured slant TEC and the beat frequency to geolocate impulsive signals is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Massey, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1739 EP 1753 DI 10.1029/98RS02032 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 145HR UT WOS:000077365500019 ER PT J AU Massey, RS Holden, DN Shao, XM AF Massey, RS Holden, DN Shao, XM TI Phenomenology of transionospheric pulse pairs: Further observations SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB We report on further observations of transionospheric pulse pairs (TIPPs), which are the most powerful transient radio signals observed by the Blackbeard broadband digital radio receiver on the ALEXIS satellite. The source of these signals is unknown but appears to be associated with thunderstorm activity. The signals do not resemble those reported for known lightning processes. We have previously reported observations of these events in the frequency band 28-95 MHz. In this paper we report observations of TIPPs in the 117- to 166-MHz band, with the subsatellite point situated over the contiguous United States. The main results are that the measured pulse parameter statistics are nearly the same as reported for the low-frequency events, with the exception that the pulse separation distribution is biased toward smaller values in the high-frequency observations. The radiated power does not drop off appreciably even at 166 MHz, which further constrains the possible size and timescale of the source(s). We also report results of experiments designed to measure the apparent reflectivity of dry, flat ground at frequencies around 100 MHz. We find that the apparent reflectivity can exceed 90%. This result helps to explain how the second pulse in a TIPP can have so much energy relative to the first. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Massey, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 6 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1755 EP 1761 DI 10.1029/98RS02031 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 145HR UT WOS:000077365500020 ER PT J AU Kirkland, MW Jacobson, AR AF Kirkland, MW Jacobson, AR TI Drift-parallax determination of the altitude of traveling ionospheric disturbances observed with the Los Alamos radio-beacon interferometer SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; MID-LATITUDES; F-REGION; SCALE; EISCAT; RADAR; THERMOSPHERE; PARAMETERS; ARRAY; TIDS AB From 1993 to 1997, the Los Alamos very long baseline interferometer was routinely employed to detect traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) and inner plasmaspheric irregularities by measuring the change in the electrical phase of several satellite beacon signals that backlit the inner plasmasphere and ionosphere from geosynchronous orbit. The fortuitous placement of two satellite beacons nearly in the Los Alamos geographic meridian, in late 1995, permits us to infer the nominal altitude of each TID event by employing a novel parallax ranging technique. In the context of this paper, the nominal altitude of a TID refers to the altitude at which the slant-path averaged, amplitude-weighted phase perturbation existed along the lines of sight from the interferometer to the satellite. In this paper, we outline the method and present validation results. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kirkland, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, NIS-1,Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Kirkland, Matt/0000-0002-1217-8864 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1807 EP 1825 DI 10.1029/98RS02033 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 145HR UT WOS:000077365500025 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Horwitz, EP Dietz, ML Cheng, YD AF Chiarizia, R Horwitz, EP Dietz, ML Cheng, YD TI Radium separation through complexation by aqueous crown ethers and extraction by dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid SO REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid; crown ethers; radium; alkaline earth cations ID SULFONIC-ACID; CHROMATOGRAPHIC RESIN; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; METAL-IONS; STRONTIUM; DICYCLOHEXANO-18-CROWN-6; PRECONCENTRATION; SYSTEM; SIZE AB The extraction of alkaline earth cations by xylene solutions of dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (HDNNS) from aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions containing various aqueous-soluble unsubstituted crown ether ligands (15-crown-6 (15C5), 18-crown-6 (18C6) and 21-crown-7 (21C7)) has been investigated. The extraction results indicate that the extraction of the larger alkaline earth cations by HDNNS is strongly synergized by the presence of the crown ethers in the aqueous phase. Promising results for intra-Group-IIa cation separations have been obtained with each of the three crown ethers investigated. Separation factors for the radium-calcium couple of at least 10(2) are obtained under a number of conditions, while the separation factors within the radium-barium-strontium series are much lower. Possible problems in developing an extraction chromatographic resin for radium separation and preconcentration based on the extraction data are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-5148 J9 REACT FUNCT POLYM JI React. Funct. Polym. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S1381-5148(97)00097-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Engineering; Polymer Science GA 150MR UT WOS:000077669100017 ER PT J AU Gao, C Xiang, XD AF Gao, C Xiang, XD TI Quantitative microwave near-field microscopy of dielectric properties SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; OPTICS AB A theoretical model analysis for a recently developed scanning evanescent microwave microscope has been performed. The result enables a quantitative microscopy of local complex dielectric constant profiles for dielectric materials. Various experiments were performed and found to be in good agreement with the theoretical results. The estimation of intrinsic resolution of the microscope suggests that nanometer spatial resolution is achievable. System analysis gives a limiting sensitivity of about delta epsilon/epsilon similar to 1 x 10(-5). (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(98)02711-7]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xiang, XD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Xiang, Xiaodong/A-9445-2012; Xiang, Xiaodong/A-5936-2017 NR 18 TC 193 Z9 194 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 69 IS 11 BP 3846 EP 3851 DI 10.1063/1.1149189 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 135GZ UT WOS:000076794600022 ER PT J AU Combs, SK Foust, CR Qualls, AL AF Combs, SK Foust, CR Qualls, AL TI Extruder system for high-throughput/steady-state hydrogen ice supply and application for pellet fueling of reactor-scale fusion experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS; INJECTION SYSTEM AB Pellet injection systems for the next-generation fusion devices, such as the proposed International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), will require feed systems capable of providing a continuous supply of hydrogen ice at high throughputs. A straightforward concept in which multiple extruder units operate in tandem has been under development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A prototype with three large-volume extruder units has been fabricated and tested in the laboratory. In experiments, it was found that each extruder could provide volumetric ice flow rates of up to similar to 1.3 cm(3)/s (for similar to 10 s), which is sufficient for fueling fusion reactors at the gigawatt power level. With the three extruders of the prototype operating in sequence, a steady rate of similar to 0.33 cm(3)/s was maintained for a duration of 1 h. Even steady-state rates approaching the full ITER design value (similar to 1 cm(3)/s) may be feasible with the prototype. However, additional extruder units (1-3) would facilitate operations at the higher throughputs and reduce the duty cycle of each unit. The prototype can easily accommodate steady-state pellet fueling of present large tokamaks or other near-term plasma experiments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Combs, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4012 EP 4013 DI 10.1063/1.1149216 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 135GZ UT WOS:000076794600052 ER PT J AU Mazzucato, E AF Mazzucato, E TI Microwave reflectometry for magnetically confined plasmas (vol 69, pg 2201, 1998) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Correction C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Mazzucato, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 69 IS 11 BP 4014 EP 4014 DI 10.1063/1.1149217 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 135GZ UT WOS:000076794600053 ER PT J AU Close, FE Page, PR AF Close, FE Page, PR TI Glueballs SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Close, FE (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 279 IS 5 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 130BT UT WOS:000076499900026 ER PT J AU Molina, PE Qian, LP Schuhlein, D Naukam, R Wang, HC Tracey, KJ Abumrad, NN AF Molina, PE Qian, LP Schuhlein, D Naukam, R Wang, HC Tracey, KJ Abumrad, NN TI CNI-1493 attenuates hemodynamic and pro-inflammatory responses to LPS SO SHOCK LA English DT Article ID CYTOKINE-GENERATING ORGAN; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; INTERLEUKIN-6 PRODUCTION; TETRAVALENT GUANYLHYDRAZONE; ENDOTOXEMIA; SEPSIS; SUPPRESSION; MONOCYTES; FAILURE; INJURY AB The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide have been postulated to contribute to the deleterious sequella of LPS administration. To date, clinical strategies to control these responses using individual specific inhibitors have been disappointing, The aim of the present study was to determine whether a tetravalent guanylhydrazone compound (CNI-1493) attenuates LPS-induced stress responses by suppressing multiple inflammatory mediators. Rats were injected intravenously with either CNI-1493 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 mL NaCl) 60 min prior to the injection of LPS (100 mu g/100 g body weight). LPS produced a 20% decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and a significant increase in circulating TNF-alpha levels as well as in tissue content of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6. This was associated with a marked increase in lung and gut apoptosis and myeloperoxidaae (MPO) activities as well as with an increase in lung and spleen nitric oxide end products (NOx). Pretreatment with CNI-1493 attenuated the LPS-induced drop in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and blunted (40%) the rise in circulating TNF-alpha levels. CNI-1493 attenuated the LPS-induced increase in tissue cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6) content in lung and spleen but did not alter that of liver or gut. CNI-1493 pretreatment protected both lung and gut from LPS-induced apoptosis and in addition attenuated the rise in MPO activity in the gut. These results suggest diverse effects of CNI-1493 that are tissue specific and that confer protection against the hemodynamic and inflammatory responses to LPS. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, NSUH, Div Surg Res, Upton, NY 11973 USA. N Shore Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. Picower Inst Med Res, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. RP Molina, PE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, NSUH, Div Surg Res, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Molina@bnl.gov RI Wang, Haichao/K-6310-2012; OI Wang, Haichao/0000-0002-0211-9000; Tracey, Kevin J/0000-0003-1884-6314 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R0 1 DK49283] NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMEDICAL PRESS PI AUGUSTA PA 1021 15TH ST, BIOTECH PARK STE 9,, AUGUSTA, GA 30901 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD NOV PY 1998 VL 10 IS 5 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1097/00024382-199811000-00004 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 132YA UT WOS:000076658000004 PM 9840647 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Todd, DE AF Johnson, DW Todd, DE TI Harvesting effects on long-term changes in nutrient pools of mixed oak forest SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-TREE HARVEST; LOBLOLLY-PINE; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; CARBON STORAGE; SITKA SPRUCE; RED SPRUCE; SOIL; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; BIOMASS AB The effects of sawlog harvesting (SAW) vs. whole-tree harvesting (WTH) on C and nutrient budgets of a mixed oak forest near Oak Ridge, TN, were assessed by sampling soils and vegetation just prior to and 15 yr after harvesting. Fifteen Sears after harvest, large woody residues in the SAW treatment lost >80% of their mass and nutrient content. Greater concentrations of Ca, K, and Mg were Pound in both foliage and soils in the SAW treatment than in the WTH treatment, but there were no signs of deficiency in these nutrients and no differences in growth due to treatment. There were no declines in exchangeable Ca2+ in the WTH treatment, and the increases in soil exchangeable Ca2+ pools in the SAW watersheds were approximately equal to the amount of Ca2+ released by decomposing residues. On the other hand, no treatment effects on soil C, vegetation biomass, species composition, vegetation N or P concentration, soil bulk density, or soil N were found 15 Jr after treatment. Contrary to what has been speculated on regarding the basis of nutrient budgets, this study showed no detrimental effects of WTH on productivity or soil nutrient status (i.e., reductions from preharvest conditions). The results did show, however, that nutrients (especially Ca) from logging residues are largely retained in soils and reflected in elevated foliar nutrient concentrations. C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Todd, DE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, POB 60220, Reno, NV 89506 USA. EM dwj@dri.edu NR 50 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 6 U2 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1725 EP 1735 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 153MG UT WOS:000077836400034 ER PT J AU Karbowiak, M Edelstein, N Gajek, Z Drozdzynski, J AF Karbowiak, M Edelstein, N Gajek, Z Drozdzynski, J TI Crystal-field analysis of U3+ ions in K2LaX5 (X = Cl, Br or I) single crystals SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International School on Excited States of Transition Elements CY SEP 06-12, 1997 CL ZDROJ, POLAND SP Polish Acad Sci, State Comm Sci Res Poland, Wroclaw Tech Univ, Zaklad Narodowy Ossolinskich, Unilever DE crystal-field; U3+ ions; absorbtion spectra ID MODEL; ABSORPTION AB An analysis of low temperature absorption spectra of U3+ ions doped in K2LaX5 (X = Cl, Br or I) single crystals is reported. The energy levels of the U3+ ion in the single crystals were assigned and fitted to a semiempirical Hamiltonian representing the combined atomic and crystal-field interactions at the C-s symmetry site. An analysis of the nephelauxetic effect and crystal-field splittings in the series of compounds is also reported. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wroclaw B Beirut Univ, Fac Chem, PL-50383 Wroclaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polish Acad Sci, W Trzebiatowski Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50937 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Drozdzynski, J (reprint author), Wroclaw B Beirut Univ, Fac Chem, Ul F Joliot Curie 14, PL-50383 Wroclaw, Poland. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 54 IS 13 BP 2035 EP 2044 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(98)00114-0 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 137XB UT WOS:000076941400003 ER PT J AU Lelovic, M Eror, NG Balachandran, U Prorok, B Selvamanickam, V Haldar, P Talvacchio, J Young, R AF Lelovic, M Eror, NG Balachandran, U Prorok, B Selvamanickam, V Haldar, P Talvacchio, J Young, R TI Shielded high-T-c (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (Bi-2223) superconducting tapes SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; AG-SHEATHED TAPES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BUFFER LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB A new composite tape was fabricated in which the primary function of the central Ag-sheathed (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (Bi-2223) filaments was to conduct transport current. A YBa2Cu3O7-delta (Y-123) thin film was deposited on the top of the Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 tape to shield the applied magnetic field and to protect the central Bi-2223 filaments. The critical current densities of the Y-123-coated, Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 tapes were better than those of an uncoated tape. However, the Y-123 thin film exhibited T-c approximate to 72 K and a broad transition region that shifted the effect to lower temperatures. Furthermore, pole figure measurements showed widely spread a, b planes along the rolling direction, indicating high-angle grain boundaries that diminished the magnitude of the effect. Microstructural observations showed platelike grains of Y-123 with fine growth ledges in the thin film that was heat treated, in contrast with the microstructure of an as-coated thin film that showed large twinned grains. From the processing point of view, the results showed that heat treating Y-123 thin film according to the Bi-2223 tape schedule was compatible with and beneficial for Y-123. These preliminary results may provide a basis for further improvements in processing of long-length Bi-2223 tapes for high-field applications. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Intermagnet Gen Corp, Latham, NY 12110 USA. Northrop Grumman, Sci & Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. RP Lelovic, M (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RI Prorok, Barton/A-7404-2010 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1255 EP 1260 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/11/11/010 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 142NB UT WOS:000077205600009 ER PT J AU Vo-Dinh, T Fetzer, J Campiglia, AD AF Vo-Dinh, T Fetzer, J Campiglia, AD TI Monitoring and characterization of polyaromatic compounds in the environment SO TALANTA LA English DT Review DE polyaromatic compound; polyaromatic hydrocarbon; chromatography; hyphenated technique; vapor dosimeter; multispectral imaging; biosensor ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORESCENCE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SYNCHRONOUS LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BONDED STATIONARY PHASES AB This paper provides an overview of analytical techniques and instruments used to monitor and characterize polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the environment. The basic operating principles of various analytical approaches and systems are presented. The review deals specifically with spectroscopic methods, chromatographic and hyphenated techniques, and field monitoring devices. Emphasis is given to portable devices that can be used under field conditions. Specific examples of analytical techniques and instruments developed in the authors's laboratories will be discussed to illustrate the usefulness and potential of these approaches for environmental monitoring and characterization of PACs. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chevron Res & Technol Co, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov NR 145 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV PY 1998 VL 47 IS 4 BP 943 EP 969 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(98)00162-3 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 143JK UT WOS:000077251800015 PM 18967400 ER PT J AU Groenewold, GS Appelhans, AD Ingram, JC Gresham, GL Gianotto, AK AF Groenewold, GS Appelhans, AD Ingram, JC Gresham, GL Gianotto, AK TI Detection of 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide on soil particles using ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometry SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE spectrometry; mustard; soil ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; STATIC SIMS; ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; IONIZATION AB 2-Chloroethylethyl sulfide (CEES) is used as a simulant for mustard (HD) in a study to develop secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for rapid, semi-quantitative detection of mustard on soil. Selectivity and sensitivity are markedly improved employing multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn) using an ion trap SIMS. C2H5SC2H4+ from GEES eliminates C2H4 and H2S, which are highly diagnostic. GEES was detectable at 0.0012 monolayer on soil. This corresponds to approximately 15 ppm (mass/mass) for a soil having a surface area of 12 m(2) g(-1). A single analysis could be conducted using only 2 mg of soil in under 5 min. (C) 1998 Elsevier;Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Groenewold, GS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM gsg@inel.gov NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD NOV PY 1998 VL 47 IS 4 BP 981 EP 986 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(98)00165-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 143JK UT WOS:000077251800017 PM 18967402 ER PT J AU de Boer, J Halpern, MB AF de Boer, J Halpern, MB TI Conformal field theories: From old to new SO THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AFFINE-VIRASORO ACTION; MODELS AB We discuss the general problem of constructing the actions of new conformal field theories from old conformal field theories. As an example, we discuss the new spin-2 gauged sigma models that arise from the general conformal nonlinear sigma model. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. RP de Boer, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA CONSULTANTS BUREAU, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5779 J9 THEOR MATH PHYS+ JI Theor. Math. Phys. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 117 IS 2 BP 1286 EP 1290 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 174DT UT WOS:000079019400005 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, CM Pruess, K AF Oldenburg, CM Pruess, K TI Layered thermohaline convection in hypersaline geothermal systems SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE thermohaline; double-diffusive; layered; salton sea geothermal system ID DOUBLE-DIFFUSIVE CONVECTION; POROUS-MEDIA; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; FLOW AB Thermohaline convection occurs in hypersaline geothermal systems due to thermal and salinity effects on liquid density. Because of its importance in oceanography, thermohaline convection in viscous liquids has received more attention than thermohaline convection in porous media. The fingered and layered convection patterns observed in viscous liquid thermohaline convection have been hypothesized to occur also in porous media. However, the extension of convective dynamics from viscous liquid systems to porous media systems is complicated by the presence of the solid matrix in porous media. The solid grains cause thermal retardation, hydrodynamic dispersion, and permeability effects. We present simulations of thermohaline convection in model systems based on the Salton Sea Geothermal System, California, that serve to point out the general dynamics of porous media thermohaline convection in the diffusive regime, and the effects of porosity and permeability, in particular. We use the TOUGH2 simulator with residual formulation and fully coupled solution technique for solving the strongly coupled equations governing thermohaline convection in porous media. We incorporate a model for brine density that takes into account the effects of NaCl and CaCl2. Simulations show that in forced convection, the increased pore velocity and thermal retardation in low-porosity regions enhances brine transport relative to heat transport. In thermohaline convection, the heat and brine transport are strongly coupled and enhanced transport of brine over heat cannot occur because buoyancy caused by heat and brine together drive the flow. Random permeability heterogeneity has a limited effect if the scale of flow is much larger than the scale of permeability heterogeneity. For the system studied here, layered thermohaline convection persists for more than one million years for a variety of initial conditions. Our simulations suggest that layered thermohaline convection is possible in hypersaline geothermal systems provided the vertical permeability is smaller than the horizontal permeability, as is likely in sedimentary basins such as the Salton Trough. Layered thermohaline convection can explain many of the observations made at the Salton Sea Geothermal System over the years. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 NR 45 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD NOV PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 63 DI 10.1023/A:1006579723284 PG 35 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 135XG UT WOS:000076827600003 ER PT J AU Pillai, RS Rathi, AK Cohen, SL AF Pillai, RS Rathi, AK Cohen, SL TI A restricted branch-and-bound approach for generating maximum bandwidth signal timing plans for traffic networks SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART B-METHODOLOGICAL LA English DT Article AB The synchronization of traffic signals located along the urban/suburban arterials in metropolitan areas is perhaps one of the most cost-effective methods for improving traffic flow along these streets. The main objective of synchronized signal timing is to keep traffic moving in platoons throughout the signal controlled system, by setting the signals along the arterials/networks to provide maximum bandwidth progression. A popular technique for generating signal timing plans formulates the problem as a mixed-integer linear program and uses the Land and Powell branch-and-bound search technique to arrive at the optimal solution. Due to numerical instability of the solution technique and the exhaustive nature of the search procedure, the current implementation tends to be computationally inefficient and infeasable for realistic network problems. Furthermore, numerical instability results in suboptimal or no solutions for network problems with a range of Variable cycle times. This paper presents the development of a fast and numerically stable heuristic for the maximum bandwidth signal setting problem. The heuristic is computationally efficient, can generate optimal/near-optimal solutions, and is implemented on a PC. It is based on restricted search of the integer variables in the solution space. The efficiency of this heuristic is supported by computational results for a number of test problems. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ITS Res Grp, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rathi, AK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ITS Res Grp, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-2615 J9 TRANSPORT RES B-METH JI Transp. Res. Pt. B-Methodol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 32 IS 8 BP 517 EP 529 DI 10.1016/S0191-2615(96)00033-1 PG 13 WC Economics; Engineering, Civil; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA 148LZ UT WOS:000077507900001 ER PT J AU Davis, AP Justice, MJ AF Davis, AP Justice, MJ TI Mouse alleles: if you've seen one, you haven't seen them all SO TRENDS IN GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOCUS; MICE; MUTAGENESIS; MUTATIONS; GENE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Davis, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-9525 J9 TRENDS GENET JI Trends Genet. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 14 IS 11 BP 438 EP 441 DI 10.1016/S0168-9525(98)01579-0 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 137ZC UT WOS:000076946100002 PM 9825669 ER PT J AU Finsterle, S Najita, J AF Finsterle, S Najita, J TI Robust estimation of hydrogeologic model parameters SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW; INVERSE PROBLEM AB Inverse modeling has become a standard technique for estimating hydrogeologic parameters. These parameters are usually inferred by minimizing the sum of the squared differences between the observed system state and the one calculated by a mathematical model. The robustness of the least squares criterion, however, has to be questioned because of the tendency of outliers in the measurements to strongly influence the outcome of the inversion. We have examined alternative approaches to the standard least squares formulation. The robustness of these estimators has been tested by means of Monte Carlo simulations of a synthetic experiment, in which both non-Gaussian random errors and systematic modeling errors have been introduced. The approach was then applied to data from an actual gas-pressure-pulse-decay experiment. The study demonstrates that robust estimators have the potential to reduce estimation bias in the presence of noisy data and minor systematic errors, which may be a significant advantage over the standard least squares method. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Finsterle, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SAFinsterle@lbl.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2939 EP 2947 DI 10.1029/98WR02174 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 132WA UT WOS:000076652600015 ER PT J AU Bacon, DH Keller, CK AF Bacon, DH Keller, CK TI Carbon dioxide respiration in the deep vadose zone: Implications for groundwater age dating SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 2 SASKATCHEWAN TILLS; UNSATURATED ZONE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; CLAYEY TILL; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SOIL ATMOSPHERE; CO2; C-14; HYDROGEOLOGY AB In the deep vadose zone at the Dalmeny site, subsurface gas samples were collected and analyzed for CO2 and the C-13 and C-14 ratios of that CO2. High concentrations of CO2 depleted in C-14 near the water table necessitate the use of an open-system model of calcite dissolution to match observed dissolved inorganic carbon C-14 ratios just below the water table. Groundwater age-dating models assuming closed-system calcite dissolution predict incorrect groundwater age dates at the Dalmeny site. These results and our field observations suggest that such errors may generally occur where deep-vadose generation of nonmodern CO2 is not accounted for in groundwater age-dating exercises. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bacon, DH (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012; OI Bacon, Diana/0000-0001-9122-5333 NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 34 IS 11 BP 3069 EP 3077 DI 10.1029/98WR02045 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 132WA UT WOS:000076652600027 ER PT J AU Robino, CV Michael, JR Maguire, MC AF Robino, CV Michael, JR Maguire, MC TI The solidification and welding metallurgy of galling-resistant stainless steels SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE calling resistant; GTAW; hot ductility; LBW; solidification; stainless steels; varestraint testing; weldability ID CRACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY; MODE; NITROGEN; WELDABILITY AB The autogenous welding behavior of two commercial galling-resistant austenitic stainless steels, Nitronic 60 and Gall-Tough, was evaluated and compared. The solidification behavior and fusion zone hot-cracking tendency of the alloys was evaluated by using differential thermal analysis, Varestraint testing and laser spot-welding trials. Gleeble thermal cycle simulations were used to assess the hot ductility of the alloys during both on-heating and on-cooling portions of weld thermal cycles. Solidification microstructures were characterized by and the solidification modes and phases light optical and electron microscopy, were identified. Gas tungsten are (GTA) welds in both alloys solidified by the ferritic-austenitic mode, and their behavior was best described using chromium and nickel equivalents developed specifically for the Nitronic series of alloys. Both alloys were found to be somewhat more susceptible to solidification hot cracking than conventional austenitic stainless steels, although the cracking resistance of Nitronic 60 was somewhat superior to Gall-Tough. Laser spot-welding trials resulted in both fusion and heat-affected zone cracking in the Nitronic 60, while Gall-Tough was resistant to cracking in these high-solidification-rate welds. Comparison of the laser weld microstructures indicated that Nitronic 60 shifts to fully austenitic solidification, while Gall-Tough shifts to an austenitic-ferritic solidification mode in high-energy-density processing. The hot ductility measurements indicated that Gall-Tough is generally superior to Nitronic 60 in both on-heating and of differences in grain size and the on-cooling tests, apparently as a result mechanism of ferrite formation at high temperatures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robino, CV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 77 IS 11 BP 446S EP 457S PG 12 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 136XJ UT WOS:000076884100016 ER PT J AU Huang, BQ Corbett, JD AF Huang, BQ Corbett, JD TI Orthorhombic inverse perovskitic Ba(3)TtO (Tt = Ge, Si) as Zintl phases SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE inverse perovskite compounds; barium germanium oxide; barium silicon oxide; Zintl phase AB The isotypic title compounds are obtained in high yield from the reactions of Ba, BaO, and Ge (Si) in welded Ta containers slowly cooled from 1100 degrees C. The structure of Ba3GeO was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (orthorhombic symmetry; Pnma (No.62); a=7.591(1), b = 10.728(1), c = 7.551(1) Angstrom; Z = 4; R = 0.058, R-w = 0.065 for 780 reflections (I > 3 sigma(I)) with 2 theta(max) = 60 degrees)). The structure consists of slightly deformed OBa6 octahedra that are tilted by approximate to 14 degrees with respect to their positions in the ideal inverse perovskite structure. These distortions optimize eight of the original twelve equal Ba-Ge distances. The ideal cubic Ca3SiO (a = 4.699(1) Angstrom) has also been synthesized. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USA, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USA, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 624 IS 11 BP 1787 EP 1790 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3749(1998110)624:11<1787::AID-ZAAC1787>3.0.CO;2-P PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 134EA UT WOS:000076728900013 ER PT J AU Sordelet, DJ Besser, MF Logsdon, JL AF Sordelet, DJ Besser, MF Logsdon, JL TI Abrasive wear behavior of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline composite coatings SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE quasicrystals; atomic structure; brittleness; abrasive wear behavior; Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline; wear mode; hardness ID QUASI-CRYSTALLINE COATINGS; TRANSLATIONAL SYMMETRY; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE AB Quasicrystals are a relatively new class of materials which exhibit unusual atomic structure and useful physical and chemical properties. The inherent brittleness of quasicrystals has limited their potential use to primarily surface coating applications. This study examined the effect on abrasive wear behavior of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline coatings through the addition (e.g. 0-100 v/o) of a relatively ductile Fe-Al phase. Coatings were deposited by plasma are spraying techniques. The incorporation of discrete Fe-Al particles into the quasicrystalline coating matrix improves the abrasive wear resistance. Moreover, it is observed that low-level additions of the Fe-Al phase (e.g. 1 v/o) produce the most abrasive wear-resistant coating. The wear behavior of the quasicrystalline and composite coatings is discussed in terms of wear mode and coating hardness. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Programs, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Programs, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM sordelet@ameslab.gov NR 32 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 31 PY 1998 VL 255 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00778-3 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 134CZ UT WOS:000076726500008 ER PT J AU McIlroy, A AF McIlroy, A TI Direct measurement of (CH2)-C-1 in flames by cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLET CH2 AB Singlet methylene is an important combustion intermediate, but has remained difficult to measure in flames. Cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy (CRLAS) allows the sensitive and selective detection of (CH2)-C-1 with good spatial resolution. Singlet methylene has been detected by CRLAS in a series of rich, low-pressure methane flames with stoichiometries of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6. The measured relative concentration profiles are compared with laminar flame models utilizing detailed chemical reaction mechanisms. The data show good agreement with models at stoichiometries of 1.0 and 1.2, but increasingly poor agreement at richer stoichiometries. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McIlroy, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM amcilr@ca.sandia.gov NR 16 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 1998 VL 296 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)01022-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 133ZZ UT WOS:000076718600020 ER PT J AU Ryu, K Gilchrist, RL Tung, CS Ji, I Ji, TH AF Ryu, K Gilchrist, RL Tung, CS Ji, I Ji, TH TI High affinity hormone binding to the extracellular N-terminal exodomain of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor is critically modulated by exoloop 3 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LUTROPIN-CHORIOGONADOTROPIN RECEPTOR; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; GONADOTROPIN; SEQUENCE; DOMAIN; CDNA; RAT; CLONING AB The human follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSH-R) consists of two distinct domains of >330 amino acids, the N-terminal extracellular exodomain and membrane-associated endodomain. The exodomain alone binds hormone with high affinity, whereas the endodomain is the site of receptor activation. Coordination of these two domains is essential for successful hormone action but little is known about their functional and structural relationship, In this communication, we report that exoloop 3 of FSH-R constrains follicle-stimulating hormone binding to the exodomain, When the FSH-R exodomain was prepared by truncating its endodomain, the hormone binding affinity of the exodomain was slightly improved, compared with the wild type receptor. The binding affinity was further improved by >3-fold when the exodomain was attached to the membrane-associated domain of CD8, These results suggest that the FSH-R endodomain attenuates hormone binding at the exodomain, As a first step to test this hypothesis, the II amino acids except Ala(589) of exoloop 3 were individually substituted with Ala, Ala substitution for Leu(583) or Ile(584) improved the hormone binding affinity by 4-6-fold while totally abolishing cAMP induction, indicating an inverse relationship. The Ala substitution for Lys(580) or Pro(582) had a similar trend but to a lesser extent. This significant improvement in the binding affinity suggests that the four residues at the N-terminal region of exoloop 3 interact with the exodomain and constrain the hormone binding in the wild type receptor. This effect is specific since substitutions for other than the 4 residues did not improve the hormone binding affinity. Computer modeling shows that the 4 residues can be positioned on one side of exoloop 3, This result and the apparent inverse relationship of hormone binding and cAMP induction suggest that these two essential functions may work against each other. Therefore, hormone binding might be compromised to preserve cAMP inducibility while maintaining a reasonably high, but below maximum, binding affinity. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ji, TH (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Mol Biol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM Ji@uwyo.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-18702]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-51469] NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 30 PY 1998 VL 273 IS 44 BP 28953 EP 28958 DI 10.1074/jbc.273.44.28953 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 133NC UT WOS:000076691800060 PM 9786899 ER PT J AU Francis, D Chen, HL Yuen, W Li, G Chang-Hasnain, C AF Francis, D Chen, HL Yuen, W Li, G Chang-Hasnain, C TI Monolithic 2D-VCSEL array with > 2W CW and > 5W pulsed output power SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB CW output power in excess of 2W and pulsed output exceeding 5W were obtained from a monolithic two-dimensional vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array. These are the highest CW and pulsed powers achieved From a monolithic VCSEL structure to date. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Francis, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 1998 VL 34 IS 22 BP 2132 EP 2133 DI 10.1049/el:19981517 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 138NL UT WOS:000076978600041 ER PT J AU Golden, DM Smith, GP McEwen, AB Yu, CL Eiteneer, B Frenklach, M Vaghjiani, GL Ravishankara, AR Tully, FP AF Golden, DM Smith, GP McEwen, AB Yu, CL Eiteneer, B Frenklach, M Vaghjiani, GL Ravishankara, AR Tully, FP TI OH(OD)+CO: Measurements and an optimized RRKM fit SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID OH + CO; SHOCK-TUBE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RATE COEFFICIENT; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; RATE-CONSTANT; OD RADICALS; COMBUSTION; ABSORPTION AB Measurements were made for the rate constant of OH + CO + He at 293 K, and OD + CO + M (M = He, Ar, N-2, air, SF6) at 253-343 K. Results were also obtained for OH + CO in a shock tube at 1400-2600 K using OH and CO absorption. A two-channel RRKM model of these and other representative results was constructed, with five adjustable parameters. A systematic optimization method was then employed to produce the best fit of the data and provide predictive k(T,P,D/H) expressions for other conditions. C1 SRI Int, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Golden, DM (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 39 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 29 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 44 BP 8598 EP 8606 DI 10.1021/jp982110m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 136VH UT WOS:000076879500021 ER PT J AU Magni, E Somorjai, GA AF Magni, E Somorjai, GA TI Preparation and surface science characterization of model Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Role of undercoordinated surface magnesium atoms in the chemisorption of TiCl4 on MgCl2 thin films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM CHLORIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GOLD; XPS; DEPOSITION; PALLADIUM; PARTICLES AB Two new synthetic routes for the preparation of model Ziegler-Natta catalysts under UHV conditions are described. The exposure of metallic magnesium to TiCl4 produced titanium chloride films with Ti in the 4+, 3+, 2+, and 0 oxidation states. Stable titanium chloride films could also be obtained by TiCl4 and Mg codeposition on MgCl2 and Au. A TiCl4/TiCl2 film was obtained in this case. The reaction of these systems with AlEt3 produced model catalysts for the polymerization of both ethylene and propylene. XPS is a proper technique for the characterization of the oxidation state of Ti in a variety of titanium chloride surface species. The stability of MgCl2 surfaces with a high concentration of undercoordinated Mg atoms was studied in UHV by Mg gas-phase deposition on a MgCl2 multilayer film. The Mg adatoms were readily coordinated by the Cl ions diffusing from the halide bulk to the surface. Mg-containing MgCl2 faces are thermodynamically unstable, and the fast diffusion of the Cl ions in the MgCl2 matrix allows the recovery of the chlorine termination to lower the system surface energy. The high mobility of the chlorine ions is of central importance for the molecular level understanding of the dynamic equilibrium among the MgCl2 surface, TiCl4, and the electron donors used in the synthesis of high performance microporous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The deposition of MgCl2 in the presence of TiCl4 was studied for the stabilization of high Miller index faces during the MgCl2 film growth. The interaction between the two halides is too weak to influence the MgCl2 deposition, and TiCl4 could not be chemisorbed at 300 K. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 29 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 44 BP 8788 EP 8795 DI 10.1021/jp982017y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 136VJ UT WOS:000076879600021 ER PT J AU Keppens, V Mandrus, D Sales, BC Chakoumakos, BC Dai, P Coldea, R Maple, MB Gajewski, DA Freeman, EJ Bennington, S AF Keppens, V Mandrus, D Sales, BC Chakoumakos, BC Dai, P Coldea, R Maple, MB Gajewski, DA Freeman, EJ Bennington, S TI Localized vibrational modes in metallic solids SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LAFE4P12; ANTIMONIDES; EARTH AB Filled skutterudite antimonides(1,2) are cubic compounds with the formula RM4Sb12, where R is a rare-earth element (such as La or Ce), and M is a transition metal (for example, Fe or Co). The rare-earth ion is weakly bound in an oversized atomic cage formed by the other atoms. Its presence has been shown to cause a dramatic reduction in the lattice component of the thermal conductivity, while having little effect on the electronic properties(3-5) of the compound. This combination of properties makes filled skutterudites of interest as thermoelectric materials. It has been suggested(4) that localized, incoherent vibrations of the rare-earth ion are responsible for the reduction in thermal conductivity, but no direct evidence for these local vibrational modes exists. Here we report the observation of local modes in La-filled skutterudites, using heat capacity, elastic constant and inelastic neutron scattering measurements. The La atoms show unusual thermodynamic behaviour, characterized by the presence of two low-energy localized modes. Our results suggest that consideration of local modes will play an important role in the design of the next generation of thermoelectric materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Sales, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vb4@ornl.gov RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 14 TC 378 Z9 383 U1 5 U2 92 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 29 PY 1998 VL 395 IS 6705 BP 876 EP 878 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 133XT UT WOS:000076713400049 ER PT J AU Hoffert, MI Caldeira, K Jain, AK Haites, EF Harvey, LDD Potter, SD Schlesinger, ME Schneider, SH Watts, RG Wigley, TML Wuebbles, DJ AF Hoffert, MI Caldeira, K Jain, AK Haites, EF Harvey, LDD Potter, SD Schlesinger, ME Schneider, SH Watts, RG Wigley, TML Wuebbles, DJ TI Energy implications of future stabilization of atmospheric CO2 content SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CARBON AB The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(1) calls for "stabilization of greenhouse-gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system...". A standard base-line scenario(2,3) that assumes no policy intervention to limit greenhouse-gas emissions has 10TW (10 x 10(12) watts) of carbon-emission-free power being produced by the year 2050, equivalent to the power provided by all today's energy sources combined. Here we employ a carbon-cycle/energy model to estimate the carbon-emission-free power needed for various atmospheric CO2 stabilization scenarios. We find that CO2 stabilization with continued economic growth will require innovative, cost-effective and carbon-emission-free technologies that can provide additional tens of terawatts of primary power in the coming decades, and certainty by the middle of the twenty-first century, even with sustained improvement in the economic productivity of primary energy. At progressively lower atmospheric CO2-stabilization targets in the 750-350 p.p.m.v, range, implementing stabilization will become even more challenging because of the increasing demand for carbon-emission-free power. The magnitude of the implied infrastructure transition suggests the need for massive investments in innovative energy research. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Margaree Consultants, Toronto, ON M5H 2X6, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Hoffert, MI (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Wigley, Tom/B-4705-2008; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016 OI Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228 NR 30 TC 310 Z9 319 U1 4 U2 101 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 29 PY 1998 VL 395 IS 6705 BP 881 EP 884 DI 10.1038/27638 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 133XT UT WOS:000076713400051 ER PT J AU Gronau, M Rosner, JL AF Gronau, M Rosner, JL TI Final state interaction effects on gamma from B -> DK SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CP VIOLATION; B-MESONS; DECAYS; PSEUDOSCALARS; EXTRACTION; MODES AB The implications of a negligible annihilation contribution in B --> DK decays are reanalyzed and are shown to lead to no new constraints on the weak phase gamma from color-allowed B (+/-) --> DK+/- decays. A test of negligible annihilation is proposed in B+ --> (D+K0) (or B+ --> (D+K*0)), and an application is presented in which gamma can be determined from these processes (or corresponding B --> DK* decays) supplemented with isospin-related neutral B decays. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Gronau, M (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 29 PY 1998 VL 439 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00988-5 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 138HT UT WOS:000076967000024 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Grunewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Mulheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Madhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Grunewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Mulheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Madhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Measurement of radiative Bhabha and quasi-real Compton scattering SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LEPTON-PAIR PRODUCTION; OF-MASS ENERGIES; EXCITED LEPTONS; STANDARD MODEL; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; PETRA ENERGIES; ROOT-S=161 GEV; L3 EXPERIMENT; E-STAR AB We report on a study of radiative Bhabha and quasi-real Compton scattering at centre-of-mass energies between 50 GeV and 170 GeV, and 20 GeV and 140 GeV, respectively, using the L3 detector at LEP. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 232.2pb(-1). A total of 2856 radiative Bhabha and 4641 Compton scattering events are collected. Total and differential cross sections for both reactions are presented and found to be in good agreement with QED expectations. Our measurement of Compton scattering at the highest energies obtained so far is used to derive exclusion limits on the coupling lambda for the on-shell production of an excited electron e* decaying into a gamma e pair in the mass range 20 GeV < m(e*) < 170 GeV. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, LAPP, IN2P3, CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. FBLJA Project, World Lab, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Sci & Technol China, USTC, Anhua 230029, Peoples R China. Res Inst High Energy Phys, SEFT, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Catholic Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RI Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012 OI Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Bertucci, Bruna/0000-0001-7584-293X; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Ambrosi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6977-9559; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 29 PY 1998 VL 439 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01173-3 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 138HT UT WOS:000076967000026 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muanza, GS Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pedace, M Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Sakar, S Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Villa, S Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muanza, GS Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pedace, M Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Sakar, S Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Villa, S Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Measurement of the effective weak mixing angle by jet-charge asymmetry in hadronic decays of the Z boson SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PAIR PRODUCTION; MUON DETECTOR; L3; EVENTS; PEAK; LEP AB The coupling of the Z boson to quarks is studied in a sample of about 3.5 million hadronic Z decays collected by the L3 experiment at LEP from 1991 to 1995. The forward-backward quark charge asymmetry is measured by means of a jet charge technique. From the measured asymmetries, the effective weak mixing angle is determined to be sin(2)<(theta)over bar>(w) = 0.2327 +/- 0.0012(stat,) +/- 0.0013(syst.). (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, LAPP, IN2P3, CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. FBLJA Project, World Lab, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Sci & Technol China, USTC, Anhua 230029, Peoples R China. Res Inst High Energy Phys, SEFT, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Catholic Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; OI Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Bertucci, Bruna/0000-0001-7584-293X; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Ambrosi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6977-9559 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 29 PY 1998 VL 439 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01174-5 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 138HT UT WOS:000076967000029 ER PT J AU Luecke, HF Bergman, RG AF Luecke, HF Bergman, RG TI Synthesis, structural characterization, and chemistry of a monomeric cationic iridium carbyne complex SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; H BOND ACTIVATION; REACTIVITY; CARBENE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 28 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 42 BP 11008 EP 11009 DI 10.1021/ja982641o PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 133NR UT WOS:000076693100039 ER PT J AU Superko, HR Blanche, P Holl, L Orr, J Schoenfeld, MJ Krauss, RM AF Superko, HR Blanche, P Holl, L Orr, J Schoenfeld, MJ Krauss, RM TI Reduction in plasma LDL and apo B levels with combined estrogen plus progestin therapy in post-menopausal women is greater in women with dense rather than buoyant LDL SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Berkeley Heart Lab, San Mateo, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 27 PY 1998 VL 98 IS 17 SU S MA 33 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 131UV UT WOS:000076594400083 ER PT J AU Tribble, DL Gong, EL Chu, BM La Belle, M Kullgren, BR Nagy, JO Krauss, RM AF Tribble, DL Gong, EL Chu, BM La Belle, M Kullgren, BR Nagy, JO Krauss, RM TI Increased low-density lipoprotein retention in aorta of irradiated C57BL/6 mice, a model of oxidant stress-induced atherosclerosis SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 27 PY 1998 VL 98 IS 17 SU S MA 1630 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 131UV UT WOS:000076594401659 ER PT J AU Zirbes, M Bangard, M Guhlke, S Pizzulli, L Hagendorff, A Knapp, FF Lideritz, B AF Zirbes, M Bangard, M Guhlke, S Pizzulli, L Hagendorff, A Knapp, FF Lideritz, B TI A new method for applying intravascular brachytherapy using 188 rhenium-perrhenate and commercially available balloon catheter systems SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Med Univ Klin Bonn, Bonn, Germany. Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 27 PY 1998 VL 98 IS 17 SU S MA 2328 BP 442 EP 443 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 131UV UT WOS:000076594402353 ER PT J AU Cantor, RM Blanche, PJ Lanning, CD Davis, RC Frernstom, HS Rawlings, RS Wen, PZ Holl, LG Orr, JR Lusis, AJ Rotter, JI Krauss, RM AF Cantor, RM Blanche, PJ Lanning, CD Davis, RC Frernstom, HS Rawlings, RS Wen, PZ Holl, LG Orr, JR Lusis, AJ Rotter, JI Krauss, RM TI Genetic contributions to lipoprotein(a) levels on high and low saturated fat diets SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 27 PY 1998 VL 98 IS 17 SU S MA 3868 BP 738 EP 738 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 131UV UT WOS:000076594403883 ER PT J AU Tinsley, BA Liu, WP Rohrbaugh, RP Kirkland, MW AF Tinsley, BA Liu, WP Rohrbaugh, RP Kirkland, MW TI South Pole electric field responses to overhead ionospheric convection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; POTENTIALS; PATTERNS; MODELS AB Measurements of the vertical atmospheric electric field (E-z) at the South Pole between 1982 and 1986 have been analysed, and the results reveal an important component due to magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling processes. The results are consistent with the theoretical expectation that the ionospheric convection potential patterns in the polar caps, as measured by satellites, are superimposed on the otherwise nearly uniform (but varying in time) global ionospheric potential due to low-latitude thunderstorm sources. The analysis technique was to calculate the ionospheric convection potential from a satellite empirical model, using as input measured solar wind parameters, except that when solar wind data were not available we used as inputs measured ground based magnetic disturbance parameters. We fitted the average low-latitude E-z variation (the Carnegie curve) to the individually measured South Pole E-z diurnal curves. We then subtracted the fitted Carnegie curves from the measured curves and performed a regression analysis of the residual on the calculated ionospheric convection potential values, averaging the data in three hour intervals. Positive correlations with correlation coefficients of about 0.5 were found. Most of the remaining variability in E-z can be attributed to local meteorologically induced noise (especially in winter) and the day-to-day variability of the low-latitude thunderstorm generators. C1 Univ Texas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Texas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, MS FO 22,POB 830688,2601 Floyd Rd, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM tinsley@utdallas.edu OI Kirkland, Matt/0000-0002-1217-8864 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D20 BP 26137 EP 26146 DI 10.1029/98JD02646 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 132BH UT WOS:000076609600021 ER PT J AU Cases, S Smith, SJ Zheng, YW Myers, HM Lear, SR Sande, E Novak, S Collins, C Welch, CB Lusis, AJ Erickson, SK Farese, RV AF Cases, S Smith, SJ Zheng, YW Myers, HM Lear, SR Sande, E Novak, S Collins, C Welch, CB Lusis, AJ Erickson, SK Farese, RV TI Identification of a gene encoding an acyl CoA : diacylglycerol acyltransferase, a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 98 Meeting CY APR 18-22, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE fatty acid; cloning; expressed sequence tag; glycerolipid ID CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; RAT-LIVER; COENZYME-A; DIFFERENTIATION; PURIFICATION; PROTEIN; MOUSE; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION AB Triacylglycerols are quantitatively the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells. Acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis, by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. DGAT plays a fundamental role in the metabolism of cellular diacylglycerol and is important in higher eukaryotes for physiologic processes involving triacylglycerol metabolism such as intestinal fat absorption, lipoprotein assembly, adipose tissue formation, and lactation. DGAT is an integral membrane protein that has never been purified to homogeneity, nor has its gene been cloned, We identified an expressed sequence tag clone that shared regions of similarity with acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, an enzyme that also uses fatty acyl CoA as a substrate. Expression of a mouse cDNA for this expressed sequence tag in insect cells resulted in high levels of DGAT activity in cell membranes. No other acyltransferase activity was detected when a variety of substrates, including cholesterol, were used as acyl accepters. The gene was expressed in all tissues examined; during differentiation of NIH 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes, its expression increased markedly in parallel with increases in DGAT activity. The identification of this cDNA encoding a DGAT will greatly facilitate studies of cellular glycerolipid metabolism and its regulation. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Cardiovasc Res, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Farese, RV (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, POB 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL42488, HL52069, HL57170, R01 HL057170] NR 34 TC 612 Z9 660 U1 5 U2 43 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 27 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 22 BP 13018 EP 13023 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.22.13018 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 134RT UT WOS:000076757300055 PM 9789033 ER PT J AU Campiglia, AD Vo-Dinh, T AF Campiglia, AD Vo-Dinh, T TI Rapid screening method for cocaine and benzoylecgonine in saliva samples SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE phosphorescence; cocaine; benzoylecgonine; drug diagnostics; saliva; drug screening ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORESCENCE; PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS; PHOSPHORIMETRY; DRUGS; CHEMICALS; SENSOR; ABUSE AB We are presenting a new method for cocaine and benzoylecgonine analysis in saliva samples based on room temperature phosphorimetry. The determination of the drugs is performed on filter paper, which is a suitable substrate for most saliva collection procedures. Extraction from the solid substrate is not necessary, since both compounds are detected on the paper substrate. Complete analysis can be performed with only a few microliters of saliva, which is an attractive feature in cases of limited sample availability. The limits of detection are estimated at the sub-ng level, which shows the feasibility of detecting cocaine and benzoylecgonine at the cut-off levels stipulated by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (300 ng/ml), When compared to the existing methodology, the phosphonimetric method presents several advantages which include simplicity, short analysis time, low cost, and the viability of interfacing it with portable instrumentation for field screening applications. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 372 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00317-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 126MM UT WOS:000076297300006 ER PT J AU Lee, DH He, XM Walter, KC Nastasi, M Tesmer, JR Tuszewski, M Tallant, DR AF Lee, DH He, XM Walter, KC Nastasi, M Tesmer, JR Tuszewski, M Tallant, DR TI Diamondlike carbon deposition on silicon using radio-frequency inductive plasma of Ar and C2H2 gas mixture in plasma immersion ion deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TETRAHEDRAL AMORPHOUS-CARBON; IMPLANTATION AB Diamondlike carbon (DLC) was deposited on silicon using a plasma immersion ion deposition (PIID) method. Inductive radio-frequency plasma sources were used to generate Ar and C2H2 plasmas at low gas pressures ranging from 0.04 to 0.93 Pa. The film stress and hardness were sharply dependent upon bias voltage at an operating pressure of 0.04 Pa. A maximum hardness of 30 GPa and compressive stress of 9 GPa was observed at a pulsed bias of -150 V bias (carbon energy of 80 eV). The mechanical properties of DLC films are correlated with UV Raman peak positions which infer sp(3)-bonded carbon contents. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)00443-4]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 17 BP 2423 EP 2425 DI 10.1063/1.122469 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 129LN UT WOS:000076465200011 ER PT J AU Crespi, VH Chopra, NG Cohen, ML Zettl, A Radmilovic, V AF Crespi, VH Chopra, NG Cohen, ML Zettl, A Radmilovic, V TI Site-selective radiation damage of collapsed carbon nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIBBONS; TUBULES AB Carbon nanotubes can flatten into collapsed tubes with bulbs along either edge. The strong anisotropy in the graphitic radiation damage threshold both explains the rapid destruction of face-on flattened nanotubes and can be exploited to selectively modify the structure of edge-on flattened nanotubes, thereby creating one-dimensional sp(2) carbon with noncontinuous transverse boundary conditions. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)02843-5]. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Belgrade, Dept Met Phys, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. RP Crespi, VH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM vhc2@psu.edu RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Crespi, Vincent/0000-0003-3846-3193 NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 17 BP 2435 EP 2437 DI 10.1063/1.122473 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 129LN UT WOS:000076465200015 ER PT J AU Zeng, KC Mair, R Lin, JY Jiang, HX Chow, WW Botchkarev, A Morkoc, H AF Zeng, KC Mair, R Lin, JY Jiang, HX Chow, WW Botchkarev, A Morkoc, H TI Plasma heating in highly excited GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL GAIN; TRANSITIONS; BAND AB Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was used to investigate carrier distributions in a GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) sample under high excitation intensities necessary to achieve lasing threshold. Room temperature PL spectra showed optical transitions involving both confined and unconfined states in the quantum well structure. Analysis of the experimental results using a microscopic theory, indicates that at high excitation the carrier distributions are characterized by plasma temperatures which are significantly higher than the lattice temperature. The implications of our findings on GaN MQW laser design are also discussed. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)03243-4]. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87518 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Zeng, KC (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Lin, Jingyu/A-7276-2011; Jiang, Hongxing/F-3635-2011 OI Lin, Jingyu/0000-0003-1705-2635; Jiang, Hongxing/0000-0001-9892-4292 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 17 BP 2476 EP 2478 DI 10.1063/1.122487 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 129LN UT WOS:000076465200029 ER PT J AU Kohn, MJ Schoeninger, MJ Valley, JW AF Kohn, MJ Schoeninger, MJ Valley, JW TI Variability in oxygen isotope compositions of herbivore teeth: reflections of seasonality or developmental physiology? SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Variability of Isotope Compositions in Modern and Fossil Organic Matter at the Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV 05, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Geochem Soc, Organ Geochem Div DE oxygen isotope composition; herbivore teeth; Kenya ID TRANSEPIDERMAL WATER-LOSS; TOOTH ENAMEL PHOSPHATE; BONE PHOSPHATE; MAMMALIAN BONE; FRACTIONATION; TEMPERATURE; STRATEGIES; DIET AB Oxygen isotope compositions of herbivore tooth enamel from two areas in Kenya were measured using a laser fluorination approach. Isotope heterogeneity was found within four sets of teeth in the jaws of different individuals (similar to 2 parts per thousand), as well as within individual teeth. The rear molar (M3) of a zebra shows a 1.4 parts per thousand variability, whereas, the middle and rear molars (M2 and M3) of a gazelle show variations of 1.7 to 2.9 parts per thousand. The front molar (M1) of a gazelle is relatively homogeneous (similar to 0.25 parts per thousand). Compositional heterogeneities are spatially correlated, and comparison to theoretical models suggests that they largely reflect different times of tooth growth coupled with seasonal changes in forage composition, rather than developmental physiology. Spatially-specific enamel analysis combined with knowledge of genus-specific diet, water turnover, and physiology allows paleoclimate seasonality to be assessed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anthropol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kohn, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011; Kohn, Matthew/A-2562-2012 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722; NR 50 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 152 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00099-0 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 136GA UT WOS:000076849100010 ER PT J AU Moran, JE Fehn, U Teng, RTD AF Moran, JE Fehn, U Teng, RTD TI Variations in I-129/I-127 ratios in recent marine sediments: evidence for a fossil organic component SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Variability of Isotope Compositions in Modern and Fossil Organic Matter at the Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV 05, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Geochem Soc, Organ Geochem Div DE I-129/I-127 ratios; marine sediments; fossil organic component; hydrosphere; kerogen; global carbon cycle ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PUGET SOUND REGION; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; OIL-FIELD BRINES; HYDROCARBON GEOCHEMISTRY; IODINE DIAGENESIS; SOURCE AGES; I-129; WATERS; CL-36 AB The value of the pre-bomb I-129/I-127 ratio in the hydrosphere is important for the use of this isotope system for dating and tracing purposes. In order to determine this value and to examine spatial variability, I-129/I-127 ratios were measured in 25 sediment samples from five cores taken at geographically distinct coastal areas. The results indicate a pre-anthropogenic I-129/I-127 ratio of 1500 x 10(-15), in good agreement with values derived from previous sediment and groundwater studies. Results from shallow sediments show that the layer of bioturbation is dominated by the addition of anthropogenic I-129. The good agreement between results for this layer from different cores supports the understanding that marine iodine is isotopically homogeneous and associated with organic material which is actively remineralized at the sediment-water interface. Lower ratios (down to 354 X 10(-15), corresponding to an age of 32.5 Ma) and larger variations than expected were found in sections of the cores below the layer of bioturbation. These observations can be explained by the presence of refractory fossil organic material, transported by rivers to the sediments from uplifted, continental shales. The results suggest that marine iodine is present in two forms, a labile component which is isotopically homogeneous, and a refractory component which is associated with kerogen (or other fossil organic compounds) whose I-129/I-127 ratio reflects the age of these compounds. I-129/I-127 ratios can be used to identify and date fossil organic material in Recent sediments, the presence of which can alter the assumptions underlying models of the global carbon cycle. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Moran, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-231,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 46 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 152 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00106-5 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 136GA UT WOS:000076849100017 ER PT J AU Dixon, L Kunszt, Z Signer, A AF Dixon, L Kunszt, Z Signer, A TI Helicity amplitudes for O(alpha(s)) production of W+W-, W(+/-)Z, ZZ, W-+/-gamma, or Z gamma pairs at hadron colliders SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE next-to-leading order corrections; perturbative QCD; gauge bosons W, Z and photon; hadron colliders ID ALPHA-S CALCULATION; GAUGE-THEORIES; QCD CORRECTIONS; HIGGS-BOSON; DIMENSIONAL REGULARIZATION; MULTIPLE BREMSSTRAHLUNG; LOOP AMPLITUDES; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISIONS AB We present the one-loop QCD corrections to the helicity amplitudes for the processes q (q) over bar --> W+W-, ZZ, W(+/-)Z, W(+/-)gamma, or Z gamma, including the subsequent decay of each massive vector boson into a pair of leptons. We also give the corresponding tree-level amplitudes with an additional gluon radiated off the quark line. Together, these amplitudes provide all the necessary input for the calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the production of any electroweak vector boson pair at hadron colliders, including the full spin and decay-angle correlations. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Dixon, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Kunszt, Zoltan/G-3420-2013 NR 46 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 531 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00421-0 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 135YV UT WOS:000076831300001 ER PT J AU Cheng, HC Shadmi, Y AF Cheng, HC Shadmi, Y TI Duality in the presence of supersymmetry breaking SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE duality; supersymmetry breaking; QCD ID GAUGE-THEORIES; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; SOFT BREAKING; QCD; MASSES; SQCD AB We study Seiberg duality for N = 1 supersymmetric QCD with soft supersymmetry-breaking terms. We generate the soft terms through gauge mediation by coupling two theories related by Seiberg duality to the same supersymmetry-breaking sector. In this way, we know what a supersymmetry-breaking perturbation in one theory maps into in its "dual", Assuming a canonical Kahler potential we calculate the soft terms induced in the magnetic theory and find that some of the scalars acquire negative masses squared. If duality is still good for small supersymmetry breaking, this may imply some specific symmetry-breaking patterns for supersymmetric QCD with small soft supersymmetry-breaking masses, in the case that its dual theory is weakly coupled in the infrared. In the limit of large supersymmetry breaking, the electric theory becomes ordinary QCD, However, the resulting symmetry breaking in the magnetic theory is incompatible with that expected for QCD. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM hcheng@fnal.gov; yshadmi@wicc.weizmann.ac.il NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 531 IS 1-3 BP 125 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00539-2 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 135YV UT WOS:000076831300007 ER PT J AU Creutz, M AF Creutz, M TI Evaluating Grassmann integrals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE AB I discuss a simple numerical algorithm for direct evaluation of multiple Grassmann integrals. The approach is exact, suffers no fermion sign problems, and allows arbitrarily complicated interactions. Memory requirements grow exponentially with the interaction range and the transverse size of the system. Low dimensional systems with 1000 Grassmann variables can be evaluated on a workstation. The technique is illustrated with a spinless fermion hopping along a one dimensional chain. [S0031-9007(98)07450-X]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Creutz, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 17 BP 3555 EP 3558 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3555 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 132DX UT WOS:000076616000001 ER PT J AU Nicolussi, GK Pellin, MJ Lewis, RS Davis, AM Clayton, RN Amari, S AF Nicolussi, GK Pellin, MJ Lewis, RS Davis, AM Clayton, RN Amari, S TI Strontium isotopic composition in individual circumstellar silicon carbide grains: A record of s-process nucleosynthesis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; METEORITES; GRAPHITE; DIAMOND; ABUNDANCES; CHONDRITES AB Twenty six individual circumstellar SIC grains extracted from the Murchison meteorite were analyzed for their strontium isotopic compositions by resonant ionization mass spectrometry. Large abundance deficits were found for the p-process isotope Sr-84. The measured grains had Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios indistinguishable from the primordial solar value, but several grains differed in their Sr-88/Sr-86 ratios as a consequence of the branch point at Kr-85. The Sr isotopic data are consistent with s-process nucleosynthesis at moderate neutron densities. [S0031-9007(98)07435-3]. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Nicolussi, GK (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236 NR 21 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 17 BP 3583 EP 3586 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3583 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 132DX UT WOS:000076616000008 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Harris, DA Arroyo, CG de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bazarko, AO Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Budd, H Conrad, J Johnson, RA King, BJ Kinnel, T Lamm, MJ Lefmann, WC Marsh, W McFarland, KS McNulty, C Mishra, SR Naples, D Quintas, PZ Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Sciulli, FJ Seligman, WG Shaevitz, MH Smith, WH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Vakili, M Yang, UK Yu, J AF Kim, JH Harris, DA Arroyo, CG de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bazarko, AO Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Budd, H Conrad, J Johnson, RA King, BJ Kinnel, T Lamm, MJ Lefmann, WC Marsh, W McFarland, KS McNulty, C Mishra, SR Naples, D Quintas, PZ Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Sciulli, FJ Seligman, WG Shaevitz, MH Smith, WH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Vakili, M Yang, UK Yu, J TI Measurement of alpha(s)(Q(2)) from the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTINEUTRINO SCATTERING; POWER CORRECTIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; NEUTRINO; BJORKEN; PROTON; XF3 AB We extract a set of values for the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule at different values of 4-momentum transfer squared (Q(2)), by combining revised CCFR neutrino data with data from other neutrino deep-inelastic scattering experiments for 1 < Q(2) < 15 GeV2/c(2). A comparison with the order alpha(s)(3) theoretical predictions yields a determination of ct, at the scale of;he Z-boson mass of 0.114 +/- (0.009)(0.012). This measurement provides a new and useful test of perturbative QCD at low Q(2), because of the low uncertainties in the higher order calculations. [S0031-9007(98)07266-4]. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 17 BP 3595 EP 3598 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3595 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 132DX UT WOS:000076616000011 ER PT J AU Satula, W Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W AF Satula, W Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W TI Odd-even staggering of nuclear masses: Pairing or shape effect? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL-CLUSTERS; SIMPLE-MODELS; ENERGY; ORIGIN AB The odd-even staggering of nuclear masses was recognized in the early days of nuclear physics. Recently, a similar effect was discovered in other finite fermion systems, such as ultrasmall metallic grains and metal clusters. It is believed that the staggering in nuclei and grains is primarily due to pairing correlations (superconductivity), while in clusters it is caused by the Jahn-Teller effect. We find that, for light- and medium-mass nuclei, the staggering has two components. The first originates from pairing while the second, comparable in magnitude, has,its roots in the deformed mean field. [S0031-9007(98)07481-X]. C1 Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Satula, W (reprint author), Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 154 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 17 BP 3599 EP 3602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3599 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 132DX UT WOS:000076616000012 ER PT J AU Yan, Y Chisholm, MF Duscher, G Maiti, A Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST AF Yan, Y Chisholm, MF Duscher, G Maiti, A Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST TI Impurity-induced structural transformation of a MgO grain boundary SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; 001 TWIST BOUNDARIES; SOLUTE SEGREGATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; OXIDE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SIMULATION; ALLOYS AB A combination of atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging and first-principles density-functional calculations are used to establish that Ca impurities segregating to particular atomic columns in MgO grain boundaries induce a structural transformation. The presence of Ca in the boundary structure is independently confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy. The calculated electronic structure indicates that stabilization of the new boundary structure by Ca is a mechanical rather than an electronic effect. [S0031-9007(98)07367-0]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X; NR 33 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 17 BP 3675 EP 3678 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3675 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 132DX UT WOS:000076616000031 ER PT J AU Lascialfari, A Jang, ZH Borsa, F Carretta, P Gatteschi, D AF Lascialfari, A Jang, ZH Borsa, F Carretta, P Gatteschi, D TI Thermal fluctuations in the magnetic ground state of the molecular cluster Mn(12)O(12) acetate from mu SR and proton NMR relaxation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN MOLECULES; COMPLEX AB Measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation rate are reported for muons and protons as a function of temperature for different values of the applied magnetic field in the Mn(12)O(12), molecular cluster. Strongly field dependent maxima in the relaxation rate versus temperature are observed below 50 K. The results are explained in terms of thermal fluctuations of the total magnetization of the cluster among the different orientations with respect to the anisotropy axis. The lifetimes of the different m components of the total spin, S(T) = 10, Of the molecule are obtained from the experiment and shown to be consistent with the ones expected from a spin-phonon coupling mechanism. No clear evidence for macroscopic quantum tunneling was observed in the field dependence of the proton relaxation rate at low T. [S0031-9007(98)07391-8]. C1 Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Unita INFM Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50144 Florence, Italy. RP Lascialfari, A (reprint author), Dipartimento Fis A Volta, Via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RI Gatteschi, Dante/B-5429-2008; OI Gatteschi, Dante/0000-0002-4859-4317 NR 17 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 17 BP 3773 EP 3776 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3773 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 132DX UT WOS:000076616000056 ER PT J AU Fujimoto, K Ribeiro, FH Avalos-Borja, M Iglesia, E AF Fujimoto, K Ribeiro, FH Avalos-Borja, M Iglesia, E TI Structure and reactivity of PdOx/ZrO2, catalysts for methane oxidation at low temperatures SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE methane combustion; Pd oxide catalysts ID SUPPORTED PALLADIUM CATALYSTS; METAL-CATALYSTS; COMBUSTION; ALUMINA; PARTICLES; HYDROGEN; CLUSTERS; PLATINUM; KINETICS; ALKANES AB The kinetics of methane combustion at low temperatures are consistent with a Mars-van Krevelen redox mechanism involving the activation of methane on site pairs consisting of oxygen atoms and oxygen vacancies on the surface of PdOx crystallites. H2O strongly inhibits methane oxidation rates by titrating surface vacancies in a quasi-equilibrated adsorption-desorption step. Initial activation periods during methane oxidation are related to the presence of oxygen-deficient PdOx crystallites, which contain stronger Pd-O oxygen bonds and increase their oxygen content during steady-state combustion reactions. Strong Pd-O bonds in small crystallites and in oxygen-deficient PdOx also lead to the observed decrease in methane oxidation turnover rates as crystallite size decreases or as samples are treated at temperatures above those required for PdO-to-Pd decomposition. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Phys, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Iglesia, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017; OI Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001; Ribeiro, Fabio/0000-0001-7752-461X NR 32 TC 265 Z9 268 U1 8 U2 109 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD OCT 25 PY 1998 VL 179 IS 2 BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1006/jcat.1998.2178 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 137FH UT WOS:000076903800011 ER PT J AU Subia, SR Ingber, MS Mondy, LA Altobelli, SA Graham, AL AF Subia, SR Ingber, MS Mondy, LA Altobelli, SA Graham, AL TI Modelling of concentrated suspensions using a continuum constitutive equation SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PARTICLE MIGRATION; PRESSURE-DRIVEN FLOW; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; VISCOUS RESUSPENSION; COUETTE-FLOW; DIFFUSION; SPHERES AB We simulate the behaviour of suspensions of large-particle, non-Brownian, neutrally-buoyant spheres in a Newtonian liquid with a Galerkin, finite element, Navier-Stokes solver into which is incorporated a continuum constitutive relationship described by Phillips et al. (1992). This constitutive description couples a Newtonian stress/shear-rate relationship (where the local viscosity of the suspension is dependent on the local volume fraction of solids) with a shear-induced migration model of the suspended particles. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional (axisymmetric) model is benchmarked with a variety of single-phase and two-phase analytic solutions and experimental results. We describe new experimental results using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to determine non-invasively the evolution of the solids-concentration profiles of initially well-mixed suspensions as they separate when subjected to slow flow between counter-rotating eccentric cylinders and to piston-driven flow in a pipe. We show good qualitative and quantitative agreement of the numerical predictions and the experimental measurements. These flows result in complex final distributions of the solids, causing rheological behaviour that cannot be accurately described with typical single-phase constitutive equations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Energet & Multiphase Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Lovelace Fdn Med Educ & Res, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, EPE, ESA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Subia, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energet & Multiphase Proc Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 45 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD OCT 25 PY 1998 VL 373 BP 193 EP 219 DI 10.1017/S0022112098002651 PG 27 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 139GP UT WOS:000077020000006 ER PT J AU Griffey, SM Kraegel, SA Weller, RE Watson, CR Madewell, BR AF Griffey, SM Kraegel, SA Weller, RE Watson, CR Madewell, BR TI K-ras mutations in (PuO2)-Pu-239 canine lung neoplasms SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE K-ras; plutonium; canine; lung; cancer ID ACTIVATION; TUMORS; EXPRESSION; CANCER; GROWTH; DOGS; P53 AB Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and direct sequencing methods were used to examine lung tumors derived from a cohort of beagle dogs with inhalational exposures to (PuO2)-Pu-239. These exposures were done at Pacific Northwest Laboratories where 18-month-old beagle dogs were given (PuO2)-Pu-239 by single-dose inhalation and allowed to live out their Life-spans. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of tissues from 25 dogs exposed to (PuO2)-Pu-239 by aerosol inhalation which later developed lung tumors were available for this study. Two of 25 tumors had mutations within exon 1 of K-ras detected by SSCP analysis. Both mutations were GGT to GAT transitions at codon 12 confirmed by direct sequencing experiments. One was an adenocarcinoma from the medium-high exposure group and the other was a broncheolo-alveolar carcinoma from the medium-low exposure group. The rate of K-ras mutations in plutonium-induced lung tumors described herein (8%) was greater than previously described in canine plutonium-induced lung tumors (0%), but was less than that which we have described in spontaneous canine lung cancer (16%), less than that reported for human spontaneous non-small cell lung cancer (13-36%) and less than that described in rats with spontaneous lung cancer (40%) or lung tumors following Pu-239 inhalation exposure (46%). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg & Radiol Sci, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Radiobiol Archives, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Griffey, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg & Radiol Sci, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD OCT 23 PY 1998 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00166-9 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 143VU UT WOS:000077278500001 PM 10397446 ER PT J AU Prange, CK Pennacchio, LA Lieuallen, K Fan, WF Lennon, GG AF Prange, CK Pennacchio, LA Lieuallen, K Fan, WF Lennon, GG TI Characterization of the human neurocan gene, CSPG3 SO GENE LA English DT Article DE brain; chromosomal mapping; proteoglycan; sequencing ID CHONDROITIN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; NERVOUS-TISSUE; SPINAL-CORD; N-CAM; BRAIN; PHOSPHACAN; BARRIERS AB Neurocan is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan thought to be involved in the modulation of cell adhesion and migration. Its sequence has been determined previously in rat and mouse (Rauch et al., 1992. Cloning and primary structure of neurocan, a developmentally regulated, aggregating, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of the brain. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 19536-19547; Rauch et al., 1995. Structure and chromosomal location of the mouse neurocan gene. Genomics 28, 405-410). We describe here the complete coding sequence of the human neurocan mRNA, known as CSPG3, as well as mapping data, expression analysis, and genomic structure. A cDNA known as CP-1 was initially sequenced as part of a gene discovery project focused on characterizing chromosome 19-specifrc cDNAs. Sequence homology searches indicated close homology to the mouse and rat proteoglycan, neurocan (GenBank accession Nos X84727 and M97161). Northern analysis identified a brain-specific transcript of approx. 7.5 kb. A longer cDNA clone, GT-5, was obtained, fine-mapped to the physical map of chromosome 19 by hybridization to a chromosome-specific cosmid library, and sequenced. Full coding sequence of the mRNA indicates a 3963 bp open reading frame corresponding to a 1321 amino acid protein, similar to the protein length found in mouse and rat. The amino acid sequence of human neurocan shows 63% identity with both the mouse and rat sequences. Finally, genomic sequencing of a cosmid containing the complete neurocan gene was performed to determine the genomic structure of the gene, which spans approx. 41 kb, and is transcribed in the telomere to centromere orientation. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. Al rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Prange, CK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD OCT 23 PY 1998 VL 221 IS 2 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00455-7 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 139KF UT WOS:000077027300005 PM 9795216 ER PT J AU Collins, FS Patrinos, A Jordan, E Chakravarti, A Gesteland, R Walters, L Fearon, E Hartwelt, L Langley, CH Mathies, RA Olson, M Pawson, AJ Pollard, T Williamson, A Wold, B Buetow, K Branscomb, E Capecchi, M Church, G Garner, H Gibbs, RA Hawkins, T Hodgson, K Knotek, M Meisler, M Rubin, GM Smith, LM Smith, RF Westerfield, M Clayton, EW Fisher, NL Lerman, CE McInerney, JD Nebo, W Press, N Valle, D AF Collins, FS Patrinos, A Jordan, E Chakravarti, A Gesteland, R Walters, L Fearon, E Hartwelt, L Langley, CH Mathies, RA Olson, M Pawson, AJ Pollard, T Williamson, A Wold, B Buetow, K Branscomb, E Capecchi, M Church, G Garner, H Gibbs, RA Hawkins, T Hodgson, K Knotek, M Meisler, M Rubin, GM Smith, LM Smith, RF Westerfield, M Clayton, EW Fisher, NL Lerman, CE McInerney, JD Nebo, W Press, N Valle, D CA DOE Grp NIH Grp TI New goals for the US Human Genome Project: 1998-2003 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review AB The Human Genome Project has successfully completed all the major goals in its current 5-year plan, covering the period 1993-98. A new plan, for 1998-2003, is presented, in which human DNA sequencing will be the major emphasis. An ambitious schedule has been set to complete the full sequence by the end of 2003, 2 years ahead of previous projections. In the course of completing the sequence, a "working draft" of the human sequence will be produced by the end of 2001. The plan also includes goals for sequencing technology development; for studying human genome sequence variation; for developing technology for functional genomics; for completing the sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and starting the mouse genome; for studying the ethical, Legal, and social implications of genome research; for bioinformatics and computational studies; and for training of genome scientists. C1 Natl Human Genome Res Inst, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US DOE, Off Biol & Environm Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Human Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Utah, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Georgetown Univ, Kennedy Inst Eth, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Collins, FS (reprint author), Natl Human Genome Res Inst, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM fc23a@nih.gov NR 8 TC 569 Z9 614 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 23 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5389 BP 682 EP 689 DI 10.1126/science.282.5389.682 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 132AM UT WOS:000076607500040 PM 9784121 ER PT J AU Teng, HH Dove, PM Orme, CA De Yoreo, JJ AF Teng, HH Dove, PM Orme, CA De Yoreo, JJ TI Thermodynamics of calcite growth: Baseline for understanding biomineral formation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHELL PROTEINS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB The complexity of biomineralized structures suggests the potential of organic constituents for controlling energetic factors during crystal synthesis. Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the thermodynamic controls on carbonate growth and to measure the dependence of step speed on step Length and the dependence of critical step Length on supersaturation in precisely controlled solutions. These data were used to test the classic Gibbs-Thomson relationship and provided the step edge free energies and free energy barriers to one-dimension nucleation for calcite. Addition of aspartic acid, a common component in biomineralizing systems, dramatically affected growth morphology and altered the magnitude of the surface energy. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dove, PM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Dove, Patricia/A-7911-2010; Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 19 TC 358 Z9 363 U1 18 U2 169 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 23 PY 1998 VL 282 IS 5389 BP 724 EP 727 DI 10.1126/science.282.5389.724 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 132AM UT WOS:000076607500045 ER PT J AU Xin, J Zhang, DX AF Xin, J Zhang, DX TI Stochastic analysis of biodegradation fronts in one-dimensional heterogeneous porous media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE biodegradation fronts; heterogeneities; stochastic analysis ID OXYGEN-LIMITED BIODEGRADATION; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; BIOREMEDIATION; GROUNDWATER; AQUIFERS; NUTRIENT; MODEL AB We consider a one-dimensional model biodegradation system consisting of two reaction-advection equations for nutrient and pollutant concentrations and a rate equation for biomass. The hydrodynamic dispersion is ignored. Under an explicit condition on the decay and growth rates of biomass, the system can be approximated by two component models by setting biomass kinetics to equilibrium. We derive closed form solutions for constant speed traveling fronts for the reduced two component models and compare their profiles in homogeneous media. For a spatially random velocity field, we introduce travel time and study statistics of degradation fronts via representations in terms of the travel time probability density function (pdf) and the traveling front profiles. The travel time pdf does not vary with the nutrient and pollutant concentrations and only depends on the random water velocity. The traveling front profiles are expressed analytically or semi-analytically as functions of the travel time. The problem of nonlinear transport by a random velocity reduces to two subproblems: one being nonlinear transport by a known (unit) velocity, and the other being linear (advective) transport by a random velocity. The approach is illustrated through some examples where the randomness in velocity stems from the spatial variability of porosity. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Program Appl Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-5,MS F665, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(98)00007-4 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 138LA UT WOS:000076972300001 ER PT J AU Schroth, MH Istok, JD Selker, JS Oostrom, M White, MD AF Schroth, MH Istok, JD Selker, JS Oostrom, M White, MD TI Multifluid flow in bedded porous media: laboratory experiments and numerical simulations SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE multifluid flow; LNAPL; capillary barrier; numerical simulation; constitutive relations ID GOVERNING MULTIPHASE FLOW; VARIABLY-SATURATED SAND; MODELING FLUID-FLOW; CAPILLARY BARRIERS; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; VADOSE ZONE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DIVERSION CAPACITY; UNSATURATED SOILS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW AB Understanding light nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) movement in heterogeneous vadose environments is important for effective remediation design. We investigated LNAPL movement near a sloping fine- over coarse-grained textural interface, forming a capillary barrier. LNAPL flow experiments were performed in a glass chamber (50 cm x 60 cm x 1.0 cm) using two silica sands (12/20 and 30/40 sieve sizes). Variable water saturations near the textural interface were generated by applying water uniformly to the sand surface at various flow rates. A model LNAPL (Soltrol(R) 220) was subsequently released at two locations at the sand surface. Visible light transmission was used to quantitatively determine water saturations prior to LNAPL release and to observe LNAPL flow paths. Numerical simulations were performed using the Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases (STOMP) simulator, employing two nonhysteretic relative permeability-saturation-pressure (k-S-P) models. LNAPL movement strongly depended on the water saturation in the fine-grained sand layer above the textural interface. In general, reasonable agreement was found between observed and predicted water saturations near the textural interface and LNAPL Bow paths. Discrepancies between predictions based on the van Genuchten/ Mualem (VGM) and Brooks-Corey/Burdine (BCB) k-S-P models existed in the migration speed of the simulated LNAPL plume and the LNAPL Bow patterns at high water saturation above the textural interface. In both instances, predictions based on the BCB model agreed better with experimental observations than predictions based on the VGM model. The results confirm the critical role water saturation plays in determining LNAPL movement in heterogeneous vadose zone environments and that accurate prediction of LNAPL flow paths depends on the careful selection of an appropriate k-S-P model. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schroth, MH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 202 Apperson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094 NR 58 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 22 IS 2 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(97)00043-2 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 138LA UT WOS:000076972300006 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Zhuang, G Ross, PN Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS AF Chen, Y Zhuang, G Ross, PN Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS TI Equivalent-core calculation of core-level relaxation energies in photoelectron spectroscopy: A molecular-orbital approach SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BINDING-ENERGIES; EXTRA-ATOMIC RELAXATION; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACES; NI(100) AB The equivalent-core approximation is implemented in a novel way so as to calculate core-level relaxation energies in photoelectron spectroscopy. The method is based on self-consistent field (SCF) Hartree-Fock molecular-orbital calculations via linear combinations of atomic orbitals, and involves evaluating the difference of sums of two-electron Coulomb and exchange integrals, for all electrons in an atom and in its equivalent-core ion. By thus avoiding SCF calculations with a core hole present (the true final state of photoemission), this procedure is shown to significantly save computing time in comparison with an exact SCF direct-hole calculation. Application of the method in single atoms and selected molecules shows about a 10% difference with respect to direct-hole calculation results. The approximation introduces about 1-6 eV errors compared to the experimental results of gas phase molecules. This method thus should be a generally useful procedure for estimating relaxation energies in core spectra. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)30540-1]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 16 BP 6527 EP 6532 DI 10.1063/1.477303 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131ZV UT WOS:000076605900003 ER PT J AU Pack, RT Walker, RB Kendrick, BK AF Pack, RT Walker, RB Kendrick, BK TI Three-body collision contributions to recombination and collision-induced dissociation. I. Cross sections SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSED GASES; MASTER-EQUATION; 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; SUDDEN APPROXIMATION; ATOM RECOMBINATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; H+O-2 SCATTERING; DIMER-FORMATION; RATE CONSTANTS; BOUND-STATES AB Many of the current chemical kinetics textbooks and kinetics papers treat atomic and molecular recombination and collision-induced dissociation (CID) as occurring only via sequences of two-body collisions. Actually, there is considerable evidence from experiment and classical trajectory calculations for contributions by true three-body collisions to the recombination of atomic and diatomic radicals, and that evidence is reviewed. Then, an approximate quantum method treating both two-body and thee-body collisions simultaneously and on equal footing is used to calculate cross sections for the reaction Ne-2+H reversible arrow Ne+Ne+H. The results provide clear quantum evidence that direct three-body collisions do contribute significantly to recombination and CID. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)01440-8]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pack, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12,MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 100 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 16 BP 6701 EP 6713 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131ZV UT WOS:000076605900022 ER PT J AU Pack, RT Walker, RB Kendrick, BK AF Pack, RT Walker, RB Kendrick, BK TI Three-body collision contributions to recombination and collision-induced dissociation. II. Kinetics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RANGE; RATES; GAS; HO AB Detailed rate constants for the reaction Ne+Ne+H reversible arrow Ne2SH are generated, and the master equations governing collision-induced dissociation (CID) and recombination are accurately solved numerically. The temperature and pressure dependence are explored. At all pressures, three-body (3B) collisions dominate. The sequential two-body energy transfer (ET) mechanism gives a rate that is more than a factor of two too small at low pressures and orders of magnitude too small at high pressures. Simpler models are explored; to describe the kinetics they must include direct 3B rates connecting the continuum to the bound states and to the quasibound states. The relevance of the present reaction to more general CID/recombination reactions is discussed. For atomic fragments, the 3B mechanism usually dominates. For diatomic fragments, the 3B and ET mechanism are competitive, and for polyatomic fragments the ET mechanism usually dominates. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)01540-2]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pack, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12,MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 16 BP 6714 EP 6724 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131ZV UT WOS:000076605900023 ER PT J AU Soderholm, L Liu, GK Antonio, MR Lytle, FW AF Soderholm, L Liu, GK Antonio, MR Lytle, FW TI X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) detection of x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SITE-SELECTIVE EXAFS; YIELD SPECTRA; EXCITATION; COORDINATION; PHOSPHORS; EMISSION; GD3+ AB The x-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) from a variety of rare-earth ions was used as a detection mode for the collection of L-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) data. In order to understand the source of the observed optical signal, advantage is taken of the known luminescent response of f ions in a variety of transparent host materials. Whereas some samples exhibit an optical response that is indistinguishable from the transmission XAFS data, other samples show marked differences between I:he data obtained with the two different detection schemes. The unexpected optical luminescence of a Gd2O3 Sample is traced to a Eu impurity. An optical spectrum of 0.4% Tb in Gd2O2S, excited by x-ray photons at the Gd edge, is used to demonstrate that the optical signal may arise from an ion different from the absorbing ion. The implications of this energy transfer are discussed in terms of the suitability of XEOL as a detection scheme for XAFS spectroscopy. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)70540-9]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EXAFS Co, Pioche, NV 89043 USA. RP Soderholm, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM soderholm@anlchm.chm.anl.gov; gliu@anichm.chm.anl.gov; mrantonio@anlchm.chm.anl.gov NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 16 BP 6745 EP 6752 DI 10.1063/1.477320 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131ZV UT WOS:000076605900026 ER PT J AU Liu, GK Li, ST Zhorin, VV Loong, CK Abraham, MM Boatner, LA AF Liu, GK Li, ST Zhorin, VV Loong, CK Abraham, MM Boatner, LA TI Crystal-field splitting, magnetic interaction, and vibronic excitations of Cm-244(3+) in YPO4 and LuPO4 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; CM3+; ABSORPTION AB The electronic and lattice-dynamical properties of Cm-244(3+) doped orthophosphate crystals of YPO4 and LuPO4 were studied using site-selective fluorescence line narrowing (FLN) techniques. Although radiation damage caused substantial inhomogeneous line broadening, FLN gave rise to sharp resonant and satellite lines. Samples were annealed at 500 degrees C to eliminate satellite lines due to Cm3+ ions at different lattice environments. The crystal-field splitting of the nominal S-8(7/2) ground state and the D-6(7/2) excited state was determined from an analysis of the excitation and fluorescence spectra using an exchange charge model of crystal field interaction within the scheme of intermediate coupling. The effective g factors of the four Kramers doublers of the J = 7/2 ground state and the lowest doublet of the excited state were evaluated from a least-squares fit of the observed Zeeman splitting to an effective-operator Hamiltonian. The energies of phonon modes were estimated from the observed vibronic spectra of the Cm-244(3+) ion in both hosts and compared with the results of previous optical and neutron measurements. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)70940-7]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gliu@anlchm.chm.anl.gov RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Zhorin, Victor/0000-0001-9777-4421 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 16 BP 6800 EP 6808 DI 10.1063/1.477326 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131ZV UT WOS:000076605900032 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Saboungi, ML Price, DL Ansell, S Russell, TP Halley, JW Nielsen, B AF Johnson, JA Saboungi, ML Price, DL Ansell, S Russell, TP Halley, JW Nielsen, B TI Atomic structure of solid and liquid polyethylene oxide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; CONDUCTIVITY; SCATTERING; NEUTRON AB The structure of polyethylene oxide (PEO) was investigated by neutron scattering in both semicrystalline and liquid states. Deuterated samples were studied in addition to the protonated ones in order to avoid the large incoherent scattering of hydrogen and identify features in the pair correlation functions attributable to C-H pairs. Analysis of the deuterated sample gave additional information on the C-O and C-C pairs. The results are compared with molecular-dynamics simulations of liquid PEG. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)51440-7]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Saboungi, ML (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mls@anl.gov RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013; Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815; Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 16 BP 7005 EP 7010 DI 10.1063/1.477352 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 131ZV UT WOS:000076605900056 ER PT J AU Henglein, A Meisel, D AF Henglein, A Meisel, D TI Spectrophotometric observations of the adsorption of organosulfur compounds on colloidal silver nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID CHEMISTRY; PARTICLES; SH AB A silver colloid (mean particle size 6 nm) is prepared via photochemical reduction of Ag+ ions. After total silver ion reduction, the colloid exhibits an extraordinarily intense surface plasmon absorption band. The absorption band is strongly damped by small concentrations of carbon disulfide, thiophenol, and diethyl disulfide. Carbon disulfide is irreversibly adsorbed, and so is diethyl disulfide. The irreversible adsorption is attributed to the high reactivity of the nanoparticles due to their low Fermi-level potential.. It is proposed that this in turn leads to dissociative adsorption of the disulfides onto the silver particles. Weaker damping is observed for thiophene, thiourea, and diethyl sulfide. The damping of the plasmon absorption band is attributed to the electronic distortion of a thin layer within the particle by the adsorbate-particle interaction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Henglein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 43 BP 8364 EP 8366 DI 10.1021/jp982900w PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 132PY UT WOS:000076639800004 ER PT J AU Seki, S Cromack, KR Trifunac, AD Yoshida, Y Tagawa, S Asai, K Ishigure, K AF Seki, S Cromack, KR Trifunac, AD Yoshida, Y Tagawa, S Asai, K Ishigure, K TI Stability of radicals in aryl-substituted polysilanes with linear and planar silicon skeleton structures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HIGH POLYMERS; PHOTODEGRADATION; LITHOGRAPHY; RESISTS AB This paper discusses the stability of radicals produced under gamma irradiation for phenyl-substituted polysilanes with different backbone structures. Poly(methylphenylsilane) and structural defect-containing phenyl-substituted polysilanes were irradiated by Co-60 gamma-rays in the solid state. Temperature dependence of the EPR signal intensity from the radicals induced by radiolysis was measured. The radicals appeared to be more stable as the induced defect density in the backbone structure was increased, indicating that the structure defects on the polymer backbone may play a role in stabilizing silyl radicals. The migration of unpaired electrons was also observed from chain ends to chain center leading to stable radical species. The estimated-branched structures were less than 3.5% in the linear polysilane obtained by conventional Wurtz coupling condensation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Osaka Univ, ISIR, Ibaraki, Osaka 564, Japan. RP Seki, S (reprint author), Osaka Univ, ISIR, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 564, Japan. RI Seki, Shu/E-5346-2010 OI Seki, Shu/0000-0001-7851-4405 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 43 BP 8367 EP 8371 DI 10.1021/jp981412l PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 132PY UT WOS:000076639800005 ER PT J AU Carlson, CE Carone, CD Goity, JL Lebed, RF AF Carlson, CE Carone, CD Goity, JL Lebed, RF TI Masses of orbitally excited baryons in large N-c QCD SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID 1/N(C) EXPANSION; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; FLAVOR SYMMETRY; 1/N-C EXPANSION; QUARK; SPLITTINGS; MODEL AB We present the first phenomenological study of the masses of orbitally excited baryons in large N-c QCD. Restricting here to the nonstrange sector of the l = 1 baryons, the 1/N-c expansion is used to order and select a basis of effective operators that spans the nine observables (seven masses and two mixing angles). Fits are performed using subsets of the complete set of nine operators, including corrections up to O(1/N-c) where leading order is N-c(1). This study shows that the 1/N-c expansion provides an excellent framework for analyzing the mass spectrum, and uncovers a new hierarchy of operator contributions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Nucl & Particle Theory Grp, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Carlson, CE (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Nucl & Particle Theory Grp, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 23 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 438 IS 3-4 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00992-7 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 135JZ UT WOS:000076799700014 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, MN Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Roding, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, MN Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Roding, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Photon structure functions and azimuthal correlations of lepton pairs in tagged gamma gamma collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID L3 EXPERIMENT; SCATTERING; ENERGIES AB The reactions e(+)e(-) --> e(+)e(-)e(+)e(-) and e(+)e(-) --> e(+)e(-)mu(+)mu(-), in a single tag configuration, are studied at LEP with the L3 detector. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 93.7 pb(-1) at root s = 91 GeV. Differential cross sections are measured for 1.4 GeV2 less than or equal to Q(2) less than or equal to 7.6 GeV2. The leptonic photon structure function F-2(gamma) and azimuthal correlations are measured for e(+)e(-) --> e(+)e(-)mu(+)mu(-). The related structure functions F-A(gamma) and F-B(gamma), which originate from interference terms of the scattering amplitudes, are determined for the first time. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, IN2P3, CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. Harvard Univ, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. USTC, Chinese Univ Sci & Technol, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. SEFT, Res Inst High Energy Phys, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl, IN2P3, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Acciarri, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; OI Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Ambrosi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6977-9559; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 438 IS 3-4 BP 363 EP 378 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01162-9 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 135JZ UT WOS:000076799700020 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D' Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muanza, GS Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pedace, M Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Sakar, S Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, FG Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Villa, S Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D' Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muanza, GS Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pedace, M Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Sakar, S Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, FG Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Villa, S Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Measurement of the Michel parameters and the average tau-neutrino helicity from tau decays at LEP SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MUON DECAY; PAIR PRODUCTION; POLARIZATION; COLLISIONS AB Four of the Michel parameters and the average tau-neutrino helicity have been measured by analysing tan decay spectra in 147 pb(-1) of data collected by the L3 detector. The decays tau(-) --> e(-)nu(tau)<(nu)over bar>(e), tau(-) --> mu(-)nu(tau)<(nu)over bar>(mu), tau(-) --> pi(-)nu(tau), tau(-) --> rho(-)nu(tau) and their charge conjugates were considered. The results: rho = 0.762 +/- 0.035, eta = 0.27 +/- 0.14, xi = 0.70 +/- 0.16, xi delta = 0.70 +/- 0.11 and xi(h) = -1.032 +/- 0.031 are consistent with a V-A structure for the weak charged current and lepton universality, (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, IN2P3, CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. USTC, Chinese Univ Sci & Technol, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. SEFT, Res Inst High Energy Phys, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl, IN2P3, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Acciarri, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; OI Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Ambrosi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6977-9559; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Bertucci, Bruna/0000-0001-7584-293X; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 438 IS 3-4 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01082-X PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 135JZ UT WOS:000076799700023 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, G Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muanza, GS Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pedace, M Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Sakar, S Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Villa, S Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, G Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muanza, GS Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pedace, M Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Sakar, S Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Timmermans, C Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Villa, S Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Upper limit on the lifetime difference of short- and long-lived B-s(0) mesons SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID B-HADRON LIFETIME; LUND MONTE-CARLO; AVERAGE LIFETIME; OSCILLATION FREQUENCY; Z-DECAYS; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS; JET FRAGMENTATION; MIXING PARAMETER; L3 EXPERIMENT AB An upper limit on the lifetime difference of short- and long-lived B-s(0) masons has been obtained using an inclusive bottom hadron sample from 2 million hadronic Z decays collected by the L3 experiment at LEP. A lifetime fit has been performed on data samples separately enriched in neutral and charged b hadrons. An experimental upper limit on the decay rate difference of short- and long-lived B-s(0) masons of (\Delta Gamma\/Gamma)(Bs0) < 0.67 (95% C.L.) has been determined. In addition, the lifetimes of B + and B-d(0) mesons have been measured to be tau(B+) = 1.66 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.03 ps and tau(B-d(0)) = 1.52 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.04 ps, where the first errors are statistical and the second are systematic. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Alabama, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, IN2P3, CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Acad Sinica, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. USTC, Chinese Univ Sci & Technol, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. SEFT, Res Inst High Energy Phys, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl, IN2P3, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. NIKHEF H, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Acciarri, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014 OI Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731 NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 438 IS 3-4 BP 417 EP 429 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01114-9 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 135JZ UT WOS:000076799700024 ER PT J AU Rose, K Shadle, SE Eidsness, MK Kurtz, DM Scott, RA Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF Rose, K Shadle, SE Eidsness, MK Kurtz, DM Scott, RA Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI Investigation of iron-sulfur covalency in rubredoxins and a model system using sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS RUBREDOXIN; METAL-LIGAND COVALENCY; REDUCED RUBREDOXIN; SYNTHETIC ANALOGS; ACTIVE-SITES; PROTEINS; PLASTOCYANIN; RESOLUTION; UNIT AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge at similar to 2470 eV has been applied to a series of mononuclear iron-sulfur complexes to determine the covalency and its distribution over the ligand field split d-orbitals. A comparison is made between the S K-edges of a model and three different rubredoxin proteins to define the changes in covalency upon incorporation of the site into the protein. It is found that the covalency decreases in the proteins relative to the model. The thiolate-Fe(III) bond in these systems is highly covalent, and a modulation of this covalency in the proteins can contribute to the redox properties of the active site. It is determined that, while the hydrogen bonding effects seem to influence covalency, there is not a direct correlation between the change in covalency, the number of hydrogen bonds, and the redox potentials of these sites. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Metalloenzyme Studies, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hedman, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 28 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 21 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 41 BP 10743 EP 10747 DI 10.1021/ja981350c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 133BP UT WOS:000076666800023 ER PT J AU Ludwig, DL MacInnes, MA Takiguchi, Y Purtymun, PE Henrie, M Flannery, M Meneses, J Pedersen, RA Chen, DJ AF Ludwig, DL MacInnes, MA Takiguchi, Y Purtymun, PE Henrie, M Flannery, M Meneses, J Pedersen, RA Chen, DJ TI A murine AP-endonuclease gene-targeted deficiency with post-implantation embryonic progression and ionizing radiation sensitivity SO MUTATION RESEARCH-DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE/REF); post-implantation embryonic progression; ionizing radiation sensitivity ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; DNA-POLYMERASE-BETA; APURINIC APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE; EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM; PURIFIED PROTEINS; REDOX FACTOR; ENZYME HAP1; REF-1; CELLS; PATHWAY AB Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease there designated APE/REF) carries out repair incision at abasic or single-strand break damages in mammals. This multifunctional protein also has putative role(s) as a cysteine 'reducing factor' (REF) in cell-stress transcriptional responses. To assess the significance of APE/REF for embryonic teratogenesis we constructed a more precisely targeted Ape/Ref-deficient genotype in mice. Ape/Ref gene replacement in ES cells eliminated the potential of APE/REF protein synthesis while retaining the Ape/Ref bi-directional promoter that avoided potential inactivation of an upstream gene. Chimeric animals crossed into Tac:N:NIHS-BC produced germline transmission. Homozygous null Ape/Ref-embryos exhibited successful implantation and nearly normal developmental progression until embryonic day 7.5 followed by morphogenetic failure and adsorption of embryos by day 9.5. We characterized the cellular events proceeding to embryonic lethality and examined ionizing radiation sensitivity of pre-implantation Ape/Ref-null embryos. After intermating of heterozygotes, Mendelian numbers of putative Ape/Ref-null progeny embryos at day 6.5 displayed a several-fold elevation of pycnotic, fragmenting cell nuclei within the embryo proper-the epiblast. Increased cell-nucleus degeneration occurred within epiblast cells while mitosis continued and before obvious morphogenetic disruption. Mitogenic response to epiblast cell death, if any, was ineffective for replacement of lost cells. Extra-embryonic yolk sac, a trophectoderm derived lineage retained normal appearance to day 9, Explanted homozygous Ape/Ref-null blastocysts displayed increased sensitivity to gamma-irradiation, most likely a manifestation of APE/REF incision defect. Our study establishes that this new Ape/Ref deficiency genotype is definitely capable of post-implantation developmental progression to the onset of gastrulation. Function(s) of APE/REF in base damage incision and also conceivably in mitogenic responses towards epiblast cell death are critical for transit through the gastrulation stage of embryonic growth and development. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Reprod Genet Div, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Chen, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dchen@telomere.lanl.gov OI Wren, Melinda/0000-0003-4714-2287 NR 56 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8777 J9 MUTAT RES-DNA REPAIR JI Mutat. Res.-DNA Repair PD OCT 21 PY 1998 VL 409 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0921-8777(98)00039-1 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 129LA UT WOS:000076463600003 PM 9806499 ER PT J AU Cao, Z Miller, LF Buckner, M AF Cao, Z Miller, LF Buckner, M TI Implementation of dynamic bias for neutron-photon pulse shape discrimination by using neural network classifiers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB In order to accurately determine dose equivalent in radiation fields that include both neutrons and photons, it is necessary to measure the relative number of neutrons to photons and to characterize the energy dependence of the neutrons. The relationship between dose and dose equivalent begins to increase rapidly at about 100 keV; thus, it is necessary to separate neutrons from photons for neutron energies as low as about 100 keV in order to measure dose equivalent in a mixed radiation field that includes both neutrons and photons. Preceptron and back propagation neural networks that use pulse amplitude and pulse rise time information obtain separation of neutron and photons with about 5% error for neutrons with energies as low as 100 keV, and this is accomplished for neutrons with energies that range from 100 keV to several MeV. If the ratio of neutrons to photons is changed by a factor of 10, the classification error increases to about 15% for the neural networks tested. A technique that uses the output from the preceptron as a priori for a Bayesian classifier is more robust to changes in the relative number of neutrons to photons, and it obtains a 5% classification error when this ratio is changed by a factor of ten. Results from this research demonstrate that it is feasible to use commercially available instrumentation in combination with artificial intelligence techniques to develop a practical detector that will accurately measure dose equivalent in mixed neutron-photon radiation fields. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Instrumentat & Controls, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cao, Z (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 21 PY 1998 VL 416 IS 2-3 BP 438 EP 445 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00654-8 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 135YZ UT WOS:000076831700028 ER PT J AU Kohnle, A Smither, R Graber, T Fernandez, P von Ballmoos, P AF Kohnle, A Smither, R Graber, T Fernandez, P von Ballmoos, P TI Measurement of diffraction efficiencies relevant to crystal lens telescopes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE crystal lens; diffraction; gamma ray ID ANNIHILATION-RADIATION TELESCOPE AB The Toulouse/Argonne collaboration is working on a novel detector for gamma-ray astronomy based on a crystal lens that uses Bragg reflection of Ge crystals to concentrate photons onto a small detector in the image plane. The diffraction efficiency of the crystals is decisive for the energy bandpass, the field of view and the effective area of the crystal lens telescope. We have measured diffraction efficiencies of Ge crystals from 200 to 500 keV at the Advanced Photon Source synchrotron at Argonne National Laboratory in two experiments carried out at the sector 1 bending magnet beamline. The high brilliance and high particle energy of third-generation synchrotrons permit measurements at gamma-ray energies. The low angular divergence of synchrotron radiation is similar to that of an astronomical point source. The efficiencies ranged from 20% to 31% for diffraction of Ge (1 1 1) and (2 2 0) using crystals with a mosaic width of a few are seconds. Neglecting absorption, the values ranged from 31% to 49%. The continuum flux diffracted in second-order diffraction (4 4 0) was a factor of 2.4-2.6 less than in first-order diffraction (2 2 0). For third-order diffraction (the (3 3 3) and the (1 1 1) planes), the flux was reduced by a factor of 6.8. The peak efficiency and the rocking curve integral for mosaic widths ranging from a few are seconds to 0.4 degrees were measured. The results agree with the expectation of the Darwin model for mosaic crystals. This gives us confidence in the calculations of the crystal lens telescope performance, and allows an optimization of a balloon-borne and a satellite-based telescope configuration. Measurements were carried out with a wedged crystal, that was used to increase the diffraction efficiency of the lens crystals for a source at finite distance. The efficiency increase is due to both a bending and a straining of the crystal. We measured rocking curve widths of a crystal before and after etching to determine the effect of surface damage on the diffraction efficiency. The mean decrease in rocking curve width due to the etching was 1.7 are sec in the center of the crystal and 6.9 are sec at the crystal edge. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31029 Toulouse, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, 9 Av Colonel-Roche, F-31029 Toulouse, France. EM kohnle@cesr.cnes.fr OI Kohnle, Antje/0000-0003-2638-4826 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 21 PY 1998 VL 416 IS 2-3 BP 493 EP 504 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00628-7 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 135YZ UT WOS:000076831700034 ER PT J AU Britten, JA Summers, LJ AF Britten, JA Summers, LJ TI Multiscale, multifunction diffractive structures wet etched into fused silica for high-laser damage threshold applications SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID COLOR SEPARATION; GRATINGS; OPTICS AB We combined functionalities of two diffractive optics with almost 100x lateral and Vertical scale-length difference onto a single fused-silica surface. Fine-scale (2-mu m-period) gratings for beam sampling were printed in photoresist by interference Lithography and transferred to the substrate by a hydrofluoric acid etch. Subsequently, 115-mu m-linewidth stairstep gratings for color separation at focus were proximity printed and wet etched in a two-mask process. Line shapes of the lamellar sampling grating are remarkably preserved following etching of the much deeper color separation grating structures with this nominally isotropic etch process. Model simulations of isotropic etching of topographical features show good agreement with the measured shape evolution of the sampling grating profiles, and the simulations reveal the sensitivity of the final feature shape to its initial aspect ratio. As a rule of thumb, lamellar grating profiles can be etched approximately 0.08A(-2) times their modulation depth, where A is their initial aspect ratio (height/width), before they evolve into a cusplike shape and begin to lose height. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Britten, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-439, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 30 BP 7049 EP 7054 DI 10.1364/AO.37.007049 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 130ZE UT WOS:000076549900006 PM 18301523 ER PT J AU Lee, T Shu, FH Shang, H Glassgold, AE Rehm, KE AF Lee, T Shu, FH Shang, H Glassgold, AE Rehm, KE TI Protostellar cosmic rays and extinct radioactivities in meteorites SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmic rays; meteors, meteroroids; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; solar system : formation; Sun : particle emission ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; T-TAURI STARS; MAGNETOCENTRIFUGALLY DRIVEN FLOWS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; ISOTOPIC ANOMALIES; ALLENDE METEORITE; DISK ACCRETION AB Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) and chondrules of chondritic meteorites may originate with the melting of dustballs launched by a magnetically driven bipolar outflow from the inner edge of the primitive solar nebula. Bombardment by protostellar cosmic rays may make the rock precursors of CAIs and chondrules radioactive, producing radionuclides found in meteorites that are difficult to obtain with other mechanisms. Reasonable scalings from the observed hard X-rays for the cosmic-ray protons released by flares in young stellar objects yield the correct amounts of Ca-41, Mn-53, and La-138 inferred for meteorites, but proton- and alpha-induced transformations underproduce Al-26 by a factor of about 20. The missing Al-26 may be synthesized by He-3 nuclei accelerated in impulsive flares reacting primarily with Mg-24, an abundant isotope in the target precursor rocks. The mechanism allows a simple explanation for the very different ratios of Al-26/Al-27 inferred for normal CAIs, CAIs with fractionated and unidentified nuclear (FUN) anomalies, and chondrules. The overproduction of Ca-41 by analogous He-3 reactions and the case of Fe-60 inferred for eucritic meteorites require special interpretations in this picture. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RI Lee, Typhoon/N-8347-2013 NR 119 TC 170 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1998 VL 506 IS 2 BP 898 EP 912 DI 10.1086/306284 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 152LM UT WOS:000077779100037 ER PT J AU Stevens, A AF Stevens, A TI Endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA at 5 ' endogenous stem structures by human flap endonuclease 1 SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; STRAND DNA-REPLICATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MESSENGER-RNAS; HUMAN FEN-1; MECHANISM; GENE; TRANSLATION; POLYMERASE; COMPLETION AB Structure-specific nucleases called 5' flap endonucleases cleave unannealed 5' arms of template-primer DNA model substrates at the start of the duplex and are involved in Okazaki fragment processing during DNA synthesis. To determine the possible use of the enzymes in RNA structure analysis, the cleavage of synthetic and native RNAs was examined using flap endonuclease 1 (Fen1) of HeLa cells. RNAs are cleaved at about 20% of the rate of DNA model substrates, and most of the cleavage sites are within 200 nucleotides of the 5' end. Hydrolysis of MFA2 mRNA of yeast shows that the cleavages are at the start of five possible stem structures of a folded secondary structure predicted on the basis of both chemical and enzymatic structure probing. 16S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli is cleaved at several 5' stem structures of its phylogenetically predicted folded structure. This type of RNA cleavage specificity may be very useful in secondary structure analysis in the future and also may be used by cells for specific 5' end-geared RNA cleavages. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stevens, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stevensa@bio.ornl.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD OCT 20 PY 1998 VL 251 IS 2 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9499 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 132PN UT WOS:000076638900018 PM 9792803 ER PT J AU Nashat, AH Moronne, M Ferrari, M AF Nashat, AH Moronne, M Ferrari, M TI Detection of functional groups and antibodies on microfabricated surfaces by confocal microscopy SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fluorescence confocal microscopy; microfabrication; aminosilane; mercaptosilane; antibody immobilization; heterobifunctional crosslinker ID COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION; SILANIZATION; MONOLAYERS AB Fluorescence confocal microscopy was used to characterize micron-sized microfabricated silicon particles and planar oxide surfaces after silanization and immobilization of IgG antibody. Surfaces treated with amino- and mercaptosilanes were tested for the presence of amine and sulfhydryl groups by labeling with specific fluorescein probes. In addition, human antibody (IgG) was immobilized to the thiol-coated microparticles using the heterobifunctional crosstinker succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidolmethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate. Estimates of the surface density of IgG were consistent with 8.3% of a monolayer of covalently-bound antibody. Confocal images confirmed uniform layers of both silanes and a nti bod ies on the microparticles. The sensitivity limit for the confocal measurements was determined to be as low as 1.5 x 10(-5) fluors per nm(2). (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biomed Microdevices Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferrari, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD OCT 20 PY 1998 VL 60 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19981020)60:2<137::AID-BIT1>3.0.CO;2-O PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 119QU UT WOS:000075909300001 PM 10099415 ER PT J AU De Boer, J Halpern, MB AF De Boer, J Halpern, MB TI New spin-2 gauged sigma models and general conformal field theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID AFFINE-VIRASORO ACTION; 2 DIMENSIONS; CONSTRUCTIONS AB Recently, we have studied the general Virasoro construction at one loop in the background of the general nonlinear sigma model. Here, we find the action formulation of these new conformal field theories when the background sigma model is itself conformal. In this case, the new conformal field theories are described by a large class of new spin-2 gauged sigma models. As examples of the new actions, we discuss the spin-2 gauged WZW actions, which describe the conformal field theories of the generic affine-Virasoro construction, and the spin-2 gauged g/h coset constructions. We are able to identify the latter as the actions of the local Lie h-invariant conformal field theories, a large class of generically irrational conformal field theories with a local gauge symmetry. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Boer, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 Le Conte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT 20 PY 1998 VL 13 IS 26 BP 4487 EP 4512 DI 10.1142/S0217751X9800216X PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 128PW UT WOS:000076415900003 ER PT J AU Kunchur, MN Christen, DK Ivlev, BI AF Kunchur, MN Christen, DK Ivlev, BI TI Decomposition of the Hall angle in the mixed state of superconductors SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE superconductivity; mixed-state; Hall effect; vortices ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-KAPPA SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUX-FLOW; SIGN REVERSAL; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; FILMS; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; MOTION; TC AB Much work has gone into the study of the mixed-state Hall effect in high-temperature superconductors (HTS). One of the intriguing features is the reversal of the sign of the Hall angle upon entry into the superconducting state. A common observation for some of the HTS materials, is an empirical decomposition of the measured Hall angle into two terms, one proportional to field (like a normal metal) and the other weakly dependent on field. This observed decomposition can be explained in terms of the Hall effect within the normal vortex cores, combined with the hydrodynamic Magnus force on the body of the vortex. The problem has been treated in the framework of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) theory by Kopnin, Ivlev, and Kalatsky [J. Low Temp. Phys. 90 (1993) 1]. We show that the TDGL approach qualitatively explains the observed decomposition, and upon comparing with our data and several other published data, we find rough quantitative agreement as well. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. RP Kunchur, MN (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM kunchur@cosm.sc.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 20 PY 1998 VL 307 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(98)00506-1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 138JJ UT WOS:000076968500010 ER PT J AU Zheng, H Jiang, M Huang, Y Veal, BW Claus, H AF Zheng, H Jiang, M Huang, Y Veal, BW Claus, H TI Growth and physical properties of melt textured (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3Ox SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE melt textured YBa2Cu3Ox; NdBa2Cu3Ox seed crystal; top-seeding method ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PTO2 ADDITIONS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; YBA2CU3OX; GDBA2CU3O7-DELTA; MICROSTRUCTURE; SAMPLES AB Melt textured samples grown from mixtures of GdBa2Cu3Ox with Y2BaCuOx, and from GdBa2Cu3Ox with Gd2BaCuOx, were successfully grown in air using the top seeding method employing NdBa2Cu3Ox seed crystals. For GdBa2Cu3Ox/Y2BaCuOx, the superconducting transition temperature is 91 K (diamagnetic onset) and the critical current at 77 K is 25 000 A/cm(2) at zero applied field and above 10 000 A/cm(2) at 2 T. The irreversibility field at 77 K is about 6 T. The green phase particles are small and well dispersed, even without the addition of Pt. However, samples grown in air from the GdBa(2)Cu(3)Ox/Gd2BaCuOx mix had T-c's of 75-80 K, fairly low critical currents and showed large green phase inclusions. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Claus, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 20 PY 1998 VL 307 IS 3-4 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(98)00541-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 138JJ UT WOS:000076968500017 ER PT J AU Kupferman, R AF Kupferman, R TI A numerical study of the axisymmetric Couette-Taylor problem using a fast high-resolution second-order central scheme SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE central difference schemes; incompressible flow; Couette-Taylor problem ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; RIEMANN SOLVERS; SIMULATIONS AB We present a numerical study of the axisymmetric Couette-Taylor problem using a finite difference scheme. The scheme is based on a staggered version of a second-order central-differencing method combined with a discrete Hodge projection. The use of central-differencing operators obviates the need to trace the characteristic flow associated with the hyperbolic terms. The result is a simple and efficient scheme which is readily adaptable to other geometries and to more complicated flows. The scheme exhibits competitive performance in terms of accuracy, resolution, and robustness. The numerical results agree accurately with linear stability theory and with previous numerical studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, 1 Cyclotron Rd 50A-2152, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raz@math.lbl.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD OCT 20 PY 1998 VL 20 IS 3 BP 858 EP 877 DI 10.1137/S1064827597318009 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 130WJ UT WOS:000076543100002 ER PT J AU Margolin, L Smolarkiewicz, PK AF Margolin, L Smolarkiewicz, PK TI Antidiffusive velocities for multipass donor cell advection SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE advection; finite difference approximations ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SCHEMES; TRANSPORT ALGORITHM; FLUIDS AB Multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm (MPDATA) is an iterative process for approximating the advection equation, which uses a donor cell approximation to compensate for the truncation error of the originally specified donor cell scheme. This step may be repeated an arbitrary number of times, leading to successively more accurate solutions to the advection equation. In this paper, we show how to sum the successive approximations analytically to find a single antidiffusive velocity that represents the effects of an arbitrary number of passes. The analysis is first done in one dimension to illustrate the method and then is repeated in two dimensions. The existence of cross terms in the truncation analysis of the two-dimensional equations introduces an extra complication into the calculation. We discuss the implementation of our new antidiffusive velocities and provide some examples of applications, including a third-order accurate scheme. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Margolin, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD OCT 20 PY 1998 VL 20 IS 3 BP 907 EP 929 DI 10.1137/S106482759324700X PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 130WJ UT WOS:000076543100004 ER PT J AU Barany, M Barany, K Giometti, CS AF Barany, M Barany, K Giometti, CS TI Gel electrophoresis for studying biological function SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE gel electrophoresis; skeletal muscle; cardiac muscle; smooth muscle; liver; breast ID MYOSIN HEAVY-CHAIN; SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE FIBERS; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT PROTEINS; IMMOBILIZED PH GRADIENTS; JUNCTIONAL SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MYOFIBRILLAR ATPASE ACTIVITY; LAMININ-BINDING PROTEIN; HUMAN BREAST-LESIONS AB Recent advances in studying the function of muscle, liver, and breast tissues by protein analysis using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are described. New developments in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) techniques are presented first, including staining, immunodetection, and other basic methods. In the tissue analysis, the muscle section is divided into three parts, skeletal, cardiac and smooth. Within each section, proteins that recently contributed to the understanding of muscle activity are represented. The gel electrophoresis of these proteins is discussed in relation to the functional, morphological, or developmental characteristics of the muscle. The human muscular diseases are also considered. The discussion of liver and breast protein analysis by gel electrophoresis focuses on the use of 2DE to detect quantitative changes in proteins characteristic of these two tissues. Quantitative changes related to specific chemical exposures are of interest in liver tissue whereas quantitative differences in breast cell proteins have been analyzed in the context of cancer research. The review ends with a discussion of the future prospects for gel electrophoresis. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mech Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barany, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mail Code 536,1853 W Polk St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM mbarany@uic.edu NR 256 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 372 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00330-4 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 123KQ UT WOS:000076124700003 ER PT J AU Marquezini, MV Tignon, J Hasche, T Chemla, DS AF Marquezini, MV Tignon, J Hasche, T Chemla, DS TI Refractive index and absorption of GaAs quantum wells across excitonic resonances SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB We present simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and absorption coefficient in a AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well structure near the band gap by Fourier transform spectral interferometry. Both quantities were measured across heavy- and light-hole excitons for temperatures ranging from liquid helium to room temperature. The experimental results are analyzed using an analytical expression for the complex dielectric function of Wannier excitons in fractional dimension. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)03042-3]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marquezini, MV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 16 BP 2313 EP 2315 DI 10.1063/1.121808 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 128UY UT WOS:000076427800028 ER PT J AU Datskos, PG Rajic, S Datskou, I AF Datskos, PG Rajic, S Datskou, I TI Photoinduced and thermal stress in silicon microcantilevers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; SENSORS AB The photogeneration of free charge carriers in a semiconductor gives rise to mechanical strain. We measured the deflection of silicon microcantilevers resulting from photoinduced stress. The excess charge carriers responsible for the photoinduced stress, were produced via photon irradiation from a diode laser with wavelength lambda = 780 nm. For Si microcantilevers, the photoinduced stress is of opposite direction and about four times larger than the stress resulting from only thermal excitation. In this letter we report on our study of the photoinduced stress in silicon microcantilevers and discuss their temporal and photometric response. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)03742-5]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Environm Engn Grp, Knoxville, TN 37931 USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 16 BP 2319 EP 2321 DI 10.1063/1.121809 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 128UY UT WOS:000076427800030 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Alam, TM Tafoya, CJ Scott, BL AF Boyle, TJ Alam, TM Tafoya, CJ Scott, BL TI Formic acid modified Ti(OCHMe2)(4). Syntheses, characterization, and X-ray structures of Ti-4(mu(4)-O)(mu-O)(OFc)(2)(mu-OR)(4)(OR)(6) and Ti-6(mu(3)-O)(6)(OFc)(6)(OR)6 (OFc = O2CH; OR = OCHMe2) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLUTION ROUTES; TITANIUM(IV); PRECURSORS; ALKOXIDES; CLUSTER AB Novel structural arrangements for carboxylic acid modified titanium alkoxides were obtained from, stoichiometric reactions between titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OPri)(4)) and formic acid (HOFc). The 1:1 reaction in toluene forms the tetranuclear species Ti4O2(OFc)(2)(OPri)(10), 1. The structure of 1 was solved in the triclinic space group P (1) over bar with a = 13.034(3) Angstrom, b = 13.467(2) Angstrom, c = 13.996(2) Angstrom, alpha = 98.79(1)degrees, beta = 104.68(2)degrees, and gamma = 97.82(2)degrees for Z = 2. The general structure of 1 resembles two face-shared [Ti-O](4) cubes with one set of mirror-related titanium atoms removed. The oxygen atoms are represented by one mu(4)-O, one mu-O, and four mu-OR ligands, with the remaining sires filled by two OFc ligands and six terminal alkoxides, Increasing the stoichiometry to 1:2 (Ti/HOFc) leads to the isolation of Ti6O6(OFc)(6)(OR)(6), 2. The structure of 2 was solved in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 8.968(2) Angstrom, b = 26.520(4) Angstrom, c = 20.046(2) Angstrom, and beta = 93.19(1)degrees for Z = 4. The structure of 2 consists of two offset six-membered [Ti-(mu(3)-O)](3) rings joined through Ti-O bonds. The OFc ligands are arranged externally around the central hexagon-prism, oscillating between the top and bottom rings. Compound 1 adopts a very symmetrical arrangement in solution due to the labile OFc ligands and was found to undergo "aging" by a trans-esterification mechanism, the rate of which is enhanced by heating. Compound 2 maintains its solid-state structure in solution. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Xray Diffract Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 29 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 21 BP 5588 EP 5594 DI 10.1021/ic980601f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 132CY UT WOS:000076613700031 ER PT J AU Clark, DL Click, DR Hollis, RV Scott, BL Watkin, JE AF Clark, DL Click, DR Hollis, RV Scott, BL Watkin, JE TI Unusual two-dimensional sheet structure of the solvent-free cesium aryloxide complex CsO-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CATION-PI INTERACTIONS; X-RAY STRUCTURES; KINETICALLY STABLE COMPLEXES; ALKALI-METAL DERIVATIVES; POLAR APROTIC-SOLVENTS; CROWN-ETHER COMPLEXES; 1ST LITHIUM PHENOLATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SODIUM PHENOXIDE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES AB The solvent-free cesium aryloxide complex Cs(O-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) (1) has been isolated and structurally characterized. In the solid state, 1 consists of Cs(O-2,6-i-Pr2C6H3) units held in pseudo-one-dimensional infinite chains by both Cs-O and Cs-pi-arene interactions with the neighboring unit. The chains are crosslinked into two-dimensional sheets by Cs-C interactions between a carbon atom in the para position of the arene ring and a cesium cation from an adjacent chain. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clark, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, NMT-DO,Mail Stop E500, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 91 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 21 BP 5700 EP + DI 10.1021/ic980630q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 132CY UT WOS:000076613700050 ER PT J AU Delmore, JE AF Delmore, JE TI Inorganic mass spectrometry: The Al Nier Memorial Symposium - Foreword SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Delmore, JE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP VII EP VII PG 1 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 134AL UT WOS:000076719800001 ER PT J AU Delmore, JE Appelhans, AD Peterson, ES AF Delmore, JE Appelhans, AD Peterson, ES TI Mechanisms for anion emission from the Eu2O3 matrix SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Al Nier Sumpoisum on Inorganic Mass Spectrometry CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL DURANGO, COLORADO DE ion emitters; mechanisms; surface ionization; thermal ionization; perrhenate; iodide ID SURFACE-IONIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB A model is proposed to explain the mechanism for the experimentally observed, relatively intense, thermal emission of certain anions (ReO4- and the halides) from matrices where the anion is paired with an alkaline earth counter ion and embedded in a rare earth oxide in a +3 oxidation state. The primary mechanism is hypothesized to be that the -1 anion migrates much faster than the +2 cation through the +3 rare earth oxides. The anions migrate to the surface and sublime; the counter ion does not. This causes a concentration gradient that causes more anions to continue to migrate to the surface, followed by sublimation. Furthermore, explanations are offered as to why Eu2O3 and Yb2O3, which are used in the +3 oxidation state and are the only rare earths with readily accessible +2 oxidation states, are more efficient as anion emitting matrices than the other rare earth oxides with +3 oxidation states. The mechanism that can explain the significance of the +2 oxidation state of Eu2O3 and Yb2O3 matrices involves the following type of chemical reduction: Ba(ReO4)(2) + Eu2O3 + 2e(-) = 2ReO(4)(-) + 2EuO + BaO. The reduction of europic to europus frees an oxygen atom that can combine with the Ba counter ion left as perrhenate migrates, satisfying the bonding requirements of the Ba counter ion and preventing the build up of charge imbalance in the matrix, which in turn should allow anions to continue to migrate and ultimately to sublime from the surface. A similar equation can be written for the halide emitters. It is probable that the two stages of the proposed process occur nearly simultaneously; otherwise the lattice energy would increase to unrealistic levels. (Int J Mass Spectrom 178 (1998) 9-17) (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Delmore, JE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14023-X PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 134AL UT WOS:000076719800003 ER PT J AU Groenewold, GS Appelhans, AD Gresham, GL Ingram, JC Shaw, AD AF Groenewold, GS Appelhans, AD Gresham, GL Ingram, JC Shaw, AD TI Characterization of copper chloride cluster ions formed in secondary ion mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Al Nier Sumpoisum on Inorganic Mass Spectrometry CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL DURANGO, COLORADO DE SIMS; cluster ions; MS/MS; ion trap; copper chloride ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL-PARTICLES; GAS-PHASE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL PARTICLES; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; AMINO-ACIDS; SIMS; SPECIATION; COMPLEXES; SURFACES AB The surfaces of copper chloride salts were investigated using three different secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) instruments: a quadrupole instrument equipped with an ReO4- primary ion, a time-of-flight (ToF) instrument equipped with a Ga+ primary ion, and an ion trap instrument equipped with ReO4-. The research was conducted to identify copper chloride species sputtered from the surface of the copper chloride salts and to attempt to relate these species to the composition of the salt. Rich anion spectra were recorded using all three instruments for CuCl2 and CuCl, which were dominated by CuCl3- and CuCl2-. Other copper chloride adduct ions were also observed at higher masses. An examination of these ions revealed Cu primarily in the +1 and +2 oxidation state, irrespective of the oxidation state of the original salt. The presence of the Cu(+1)-bearing ions originating from the Cu(+2) salt has been attributed to reduction processes occurring during the bombardment event. However, oxidation processes must also be occurring, because Cu(+2)-bearing ions are observed in the spectra of the Cu(+1) salt. In contrast to the anion spectra, the only Cu-bearing cations contained in the CuCl(1, 2) spectrum were acquired using the quadrupole- and ToF-SIMS corresponded to Cu+ and low abundance Cu2Cl+ and Cu3Cl2+ [(all Cu(+1)]. CuCl(1, 2) were further investigated using the ion trap SIMS instrument: in these analyses, abundant cation clusters could be observed in addition to Cu+. The ions have been grouped into one of four categories: highly oxidized, one e(-) oxidized, redox neutral, and reduced. The most abundant species were redox neutral [e.g. (CuCl2)(2)CuCl+)] and one e(-) oxidized (e.g. (CuCl2)(3)(+)). (Int J Mass Spectrom 178 (1998) 19-29) (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Western Christian Acad, St Louis, MO 63141 USA. RP Groenewold, GS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14018-6 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 134AL UT WOS:000076719800004 ER PT J AU Barshick, CM Barshick, SA Britt, PF Lake, DA Vance, MA Walsh, EB AF Barshick, CM Barshick, SA Britt, PF Lake, DA Vance, MA Walsh, EB TI Development of a technique for the analysis of inorganic mercury salts in soils by gas chromatography mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Al Nier Sumpoisum on Inorganic Mass Spectrometry CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL DURANGO, COLORADO DE gas chromatography mass spectrometry; inorganic analysis; elemental; mercury compounds; chemical alkylation ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; WATER; SPECIATION AB A technique has been developed to analyze environmentally relevant samples for organic and inorganic mercury compounds. A solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was used as a sampling medium in both water and water/soil slurries. Quantification of inorganic mercury was accomplished through a chemical alkylation reaction designed to convert an inorganic mercury salt to an organomercury compound prior to GC/MS analysis; this was found to be the rate limiting step in the analysis. Two alkylating reagents were investigated: methylpentacyanocobaltate (III) (K-3[Co(CN)(5)CH3]) and methylbis(dimethylglyoximato)pyridinecobalt (III) (CH3Co(dmgH(2)Py). Methylbis(dimethylglyoximato)pyridinecobalt (III) was found to be superior for this application because it produced a single reaction product, methylmercury iodide, with an efficiency of similar to 95%. Detection limits were similar to 7 ppb in water and similar to 2 ppm in soil. The poorer results in soil were due to an increase in background signal (similar to 10 times compared to water) and a reduction in analyte signal las much as 100 times). This reduction in signal intensity is believed to be caused by complex soil chemistry. Manipulation of the solution chemistry [e.g. oxidation of mercury (0) --> mercury (II)], before or during the alkylation step, may improve the detection limits and increase the number of elements amenable to analysis. (Int J Mass Spectrom 178 (1998) 31-41) (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barshick, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barshickcm@ornl.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14091-5 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 134AL UT WOS:000076719800005 ER PT J AU Pretty, JR Van Berkel, GJ Duckworth, DC AF Pretty, JR Van Berkel, GJ Duckworth, DC TI Adsorptive stripping voltammetry as a sample pretreatment method for trace uranium determinations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Al Nier Sumpoisum on Inorganic Mass Spectrometry CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL DURANGO, COLORADO DE inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; adsorptive stripping voltammetry; propyl gallate; uranium; matrix elimination; preconcentration ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; SIGNAL ENHANCEMENT; FLOW CELL; ICP-MS; ONLINE; THALLIUM; LEAD AB Adsorptive stripping voltammetry was investigated as a route for improving trace level quantification of uranium via on-line matrix elimination and analyte preconcentration. On the basis of prior literature reports, propyl gallate was selected as a chelating agent for adsorptive accumulation of uranium (VI) at a mercury thin-film electrode (MTFE). Off-line electrochemical studies indicated that the uranium-propyl gallate (U-PG) complex accumulated (-0.15 V) at a MTFE when the uranium containing sample was mixed (1:1 v/v) with 5 x 10(-5) M PG in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5), and could be stripped into 0.05 M sodium acetate or 0.1 M ammonium nitrate, an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) compatable matrix, by a potential scan to -1.4 V. A thin-layer, flow-by electrochemical cell was placed on-line with ICP-MS and the same basic stripping procedure performed, but U-238 was not detected when the stripping potential was applied. Combining a potential step to -1.2 V with injection of 1% HNO3 did, however, effectively release the uranium to the ICP-MS. Matrix elimination was successful, and 24-fold signal enhancement was achieved with a 10 min accumulation, consuming just 0.8 mL of a 0.5 mu g/L uranium solution. Quantitative performance was tested on NASS-4 Open Ocean Seawater (2.68 +/- 0.12 mu g/L uranium) by using calibration plot and standard addition methods. Nonlinearities, as functions of both analyte concentration and deposition time, were observed and are consistent with saturation of the MTFE, suggesting that the technique is most applicable to ultratrace uranium analysis or appropriately diluted samples. (Int J Mass Spectrom 178 (1998) 51-63) (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Duckworth, DC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Duckworth, Douglas/B-7171-2015 OI Duckworth, Douglas/0000-0002-8161-5685 NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)80001-8 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 134AL UT WOS:000076719800007 ER PT J AU Riciputi, LR Greenwood, JP AF Riciputi, LR Greenwood, JP TI Analysis of sulfur and carbon isotope ratios in mixed matrices by secondary ion mass spectrometry: Implications for mass bias corrections SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Al Nier Sumpoisum on Inorganic Mass Spectrometry CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL DURANGO, COLORADO DE secondary ion mass spectrometry; ion microprobe; mass bias; isotope ratios; sulfur; matrix effects ID SULFIDE INCLUSIONS; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; MICROPROBE; MINERALS; ALH84001; MANTLE; LIFE; MARS AB The effects of mixed matrices on mass bias during the measurement of S-34/S-32 and C-13/C-12 ratios by secondary ion mass spectrometry were investigated. Four samples consisting of fine-grained mixtures of 50-95 wt parts per thousand carbonate, 5-50 parts per thousand iron sulfide, and 0-5 parts per thousand iron oxide were analyzed. The measured delta(34)S and delta(13)C values on all four samples were identical within analytical error, and were identical to the values of the pure sulfide and carbonate minerals. These results indicate that, even for materials that are smaller than the primary ion beam contained in a matrix of different composition, it is possible to calibrate mass bias by using coarse-grained mineral standards. (Int J Mass Spectrom 178 (1998) 65-71) (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Riciputi, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14086-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 134AL UT WOS:000076719800008 ER PT J AU Barshick, CM Goodner, KL Watson, CH Eyler, JR AF Barshick, CM Goodner, KL Watson, CH Eyler, JR TI Application of glow discharge Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to isotope ratio measurements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Al Nier Sumpoisum on Inorganic Mass Spectrometry CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL DURANGO, COLORADO DE GDMS; isotope ratio measurements; FTICR; isotopic bias; high resolution ID DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENTS; EXCITATION; SAMPLES AB The combination of a glow discharge ionization source with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer provides several advantages for elemental analysis; among these is an isotope ratio measured at the highest possible mass resolving power. In this report, lead ratios (Pb-206/Pb-208, Pb-207/Pb-208, and Pb-207/Pb-206) in a sample composed of 10% lead oxide, 10% mercuric oxide, and 80% silver powder (w/w) were observed to be precise to better than +/-3% relative standard deviation (RSD at 1 sigma) in a commercial FTICR instrument that used a conventional elongated cell. Upon incorporation of a cell whose excitation voltages approximated those in an ideal cell of infinite length, the precision improved to better than +0.4% RSD. The isotopic bias between measured and known values was also evaluated. Using a cathode composed of 5% National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM 987 SrCO3 in silver powder, biases that averaged less than 2.5% were detected using the cell of improved design. These results compared favorably with those obtained using a commercial magnetic sector glow discharge mass spectrometer, although it is still unclear how glow discharge mass spectrometry biases vary in general. (Int J Mass Spectrom 178 (1998) 73-79) (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Barshick, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14087-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 134AL UT WOS:000076719800009 ER PT J AU Riciputi, LR Paterson, BA Ripperdan, RL AF Riciputi, LR Paterson, BA Ripperdan, RL TI Measurement of light stable isotope ratios by SIMS: Matrix effects for oxygen, carbon, and sulfur isotopes in minerals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Al Nier Sumpoisum on Inorganic Mass Spectrometry CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL DURANGO, COLORADO DE secondary ion mass spectrometry; ion microprobe; isotope ratios; mass bias; matrix effects; oxygen; carbon; sulfur ID SECONDARY-ION EMISSION; SPUTTERED ATOMS; IONIZATION PROBABILITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MICROPROBE; MANTLE; ROCKS; MICROANALYSIS; FRACTIONATION; METEORITES AB Mass bias occurring during analysis of the light stable isotopes of oxygen, carbon, and sulfur in geological materials by secondary ionization mass spectrometry has been investigated. The effects of instrumental parameters (primary ion beam, secondary ion energy, and polarity) were evaluated by measuring sulfur isotope ratios in conductive sulfide minerals. The role of analyte chemical composition (matrix effect) on mass bias was investigated in sulfides (sulfur), silicates and oxides (oxygen), and carbonates (oxygen and carbon). For oxygen and carbon, various correlations between mass bias and matrix parameters have been identified. The application of several empirical models for prediction of oxygen isotopic mass bias indicates that for silicates, depending on mineral composition, bias can be predicted with an accuracy that is typically within two times that of the precision. However, extension of these models to other matrices has proved problematic, indicating that additional factors are important. (Int J Mass Spectrom 178 (1998) 81-112) (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Riciputi, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 63 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14088-5 PG 32 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 134AL UT WOS:000076719800010 ER PT J AU Inkret, WC Efurd, DW Miller, G Rokop, DJ Benjamin, TM AF Inkret, WC Efurd, DW Miller, G Rokop, DJ Benjamin, TM TI Applications of thermal ionization mass spectrometry to the detection of Pu-239 and Pu-240 intakes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Al Nier Sumpoisum on Inorganic Mass Spectrometry CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL DURANGO, COLORADO DE plutonium bioassay; plutonium intake estimation; plutonium; mass spectrometry ID QUANTIFY PREVIOUS EXPOSURES; BAYESIAN DETECTION ANALYSIS; RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS; RADIATION EXPOSURE; PLUTONIUM AB The United States Department of Energy requires routine bioassay monitoring for workers who may incur intakes of radioactive materials, that may result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 1 mSv. The radiochemistry/alpha-spectroscopy method, historically used for analysis of plutonium in urine, does not provide the level of measurement sensitivity to meet this monitoring requirement. Los Alamos National Laboratory has an established, ultrasensitive, actinide analysis program. Application of class-100 clean room radiochemistry and thermal ionization mass spectrometry to the determination of plutonium concentration in human urine samples yielded an average measurement uncertainty of 3.8 mu Bq 24 h(-1), a 40-fold improvement over the measurement uncertainties associated with radiochemistry/alpha-spectroscopy analytical methods. This measurement capability corresponds to an ability to detect intakes on the order of 30 Bq of Pu-239 and Pu-240, under conditions of annual routine monitoring. The resulting minimum detectable committed effective dose equivalent associated with this intake is 2 mSv. (Int J Mass Spectrom 178 (1998) 113-120) (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Inkret, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E546, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14084-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 134AL UT WOS:000076719800011 ER PT J AU Cisper, ME Garrett, AW Duan, YXX Olivares, JA Hemberger, PH AF Cisper, ME Garrett, AW Duan, YXX Olivares, JA Hemberger, PH TI Atmospheric analysis using a microwave plasma ionization source and ion trap mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Al Nier Sumpoisum on Inorganic Mass Spectrometry CY MAY 05-09, 1997 CL DURANGO, COLORADO DE ion trap; ion injection; isotope ratio; atmospheric analysis; microwave plasma ionization ID ISOTOPIC MEASUREMENTS AB The on-line detection of both positive and negative ions has been demonstrated using a microwave plasma ionization source coupled with an ion trap mass spectrometer. Real-time xenon and krypton isotope measurements in air were made using either supplemental helium or atmospheric argon for plasma generation. The halogen signature from an organic molecule was detected as a negative ion using a helium plasma. Two instrument configurations have been assembled, one combining a microwave plasma source, an injection lens, and the ion trap; in the second assembly, a radiofrequency-only quadrupole mass filter was inserted between the lens and the ion trap. Most of the data reported here were acquired with the first configuration, although preliminary data with the second configuration has been taken. General operating parameters are discussed. The precision of xenon isotope ratio measurements ranged from 0.8% to 5% relative standard deviation, depending on the magnitude of the ratio. (Int J Mass Spectrom 178 (1998) 121-128) (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemberger, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14085-X PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 134AL UT WOS:000076719800012 ER PT J AU Cortina-Gil, MD Pakou, MA Alamanos, N Mittig, W Roussel-Chomaz, P Auger, F Barrette, J Blumenfeld, Y Casandjian, JM Chartier, M Dietrich, F Fekou-Youmbi, V Fernandez, B Frascaria, N Gillibert, A Laurent, H Lepine-Szily, A Orr, N Pascalon, V Scarpaci, JA Sida, JL AF Cortina-Gil, MD Pakou, MA Alamanos, N Mittig, W Roussel-Chomaz, P Auger, F Barrette, J Blumenfeld, Y Casandjian, JM Chartier, M Dietrich, F Fekou-Youmbi, V Fernandez, B Frascaria, N Gillibert, A Laurent, H Lepine-Szily, A Orr, N Pascalon, V Scarpaci, JA Sida, JL TI Charge-exchange reaction induced by He-6 and nuclear densities SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE H-1(He-6,Li-6), E = 41.6 MeV/nucleon; measured sigma(theta) for transition to ground state; IAS; deduced dependence on interaction potential; He-6 density distribution ID OPTICAL-MODEL ANALYSIS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; INVERSE KINEMATICS; HALO STRUCTURE; DISTRIBUTIONS; MATTER; ENERGY; STATE AB The charge-exchange reaction p(He-6, Li-6)n is studied in reverse kinematics with a secondary He-6 beam at 41.6 MeV/nucleon, The transition connecting the ground state of He-6 to its isobaric analog state in Li-6 has been measured and analyzed in the context of a microscopic calculation. The angular distribution is shown to be sensitive to the nuclear interaction potential and to the radii of the density distribution of He-6. It is shown that only a coherent microscopic analysis may disentangle the different contributions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 GANIL, DSM, CEA, IN2P3,CNRS, F-14021 Caen, France. CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, SphN Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. McGill Univ, Foster Radiat Lab, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, IN2P3, CNRS, F-91406 Orsay, France. IFUSP, DFN, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. ISMRA Univ Caen, LPC, F-1405 Caen, France. Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Cortina-Gil, MD (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, Postfach 110552, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Lepine-Szily , Alinka/I-3325-2012; Cortina-Gil, Dolores/H-9626-2015 OI Lepine-Szily , Alinka/0000-0001-6640-8824; Cortina-Gil, Dolores/0000-0001-7672-9912 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 641 IS 3 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00470-9 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 135YU UT WOS:000076831200001 ER PT J AU Mazonka, O Jarzynski, C Blocki, J AF Mazonka, O Jarzynski, C Blocki, J TI Computing probabilities of very rare events for Langevin processes: a new method based on importance sampling SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Langevin processes; low-energy nuclear collisions AB Langevin equations are used to model many processes of physical interest, including low-energy nuclear collisions. In this paper we develop a general method for computing probabilities of very rare events (e.g, small fusion cross-sections) for processes described by Langevin dynamics, As we demonstrate with numerical examples as well as an exactly solvable model, our method can converge to the desired answer at a rate which is orders of magnitude faster than that achieved with direct simulations of the process in question, (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Inst Nucl Studies, Swierk, Poland. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Mazonka, O (reprint author), Inst Nucl Studies, Swierk, Poland. RI Jarzynski, Christopher/B-4490-2009 OI Jarzynski, Christopher/0000-0002-3464-2920 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 641 IS 3 BP 335 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00478-3 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 135YU UT WOS:000076831200005 ER PT J AU Shiozawa, M Viren, B Fukuda, Y Hayakawa, T Ichihara, E Inoue, K Ishihara, K Ishino, H Itow, Y Kajita, T Kameda, J Kasuga, S Kobayashi, K Kobayashi, Y Koshio, Y Miura, M Nakahata, M Nakayama, S Okada, A Oketa, M Okumura, K Ota, M Sakurai, N Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, Y Totsuka, Y Yamada, S Earl, M Habig, A Kearns, E Messier, MD Scholberg, K Stone, JL Sulak, LR Walter, CW Goldhaber, M Barszczak, T Gajewski, W Halverson, PG Hsu, J Kropp, WR Price, LR Reines, F Sobel, HW Vagins, MR Ganezer, KS Keig, WE Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Flanagan, JW Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Stenger, V Takemori, D Ishii, T Kanzaki, J Kobayashi, T Nakamura, K Nishikawa, K Oyama, Y Sakai, A Sakuda, M Sasaki, O Echigo, S Kohama, M Suzuki, AT Haines, TJ Blaufuss, E Sanford, R Svoboda, R Chen, ML Conner, Z Goodman, JA Sullivan, GW Mori, M Hill, J Jung, CK Martens, K Mauger, C McGrew, C Sharkey, E Yanagisawa, C Doki, W Ishizuka, T Kitaguchi, Y Koga, H Miyano, K Okazawa, H Saji, C Takahata, M Kusano, A Nagashima, Y Takita, M Yamaguchi, T Yoshida, M Kim, SB Etoh, M Fujita, K Hasegawa, A Hasegawa, T Hatakeyama, S Iwamoto, T Kinebuchi, T Koga, M Maruyama, T Ogawa, H Suzuki, A Tsushima, F Koshiba, M Nemoto, M Nishijima, K Futagami, T Hayato, Y Kanaya, Y Kaneyuki, K Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Doyle, R George, J Stachyra, A Wai, L Wilkes, J Young, K AF Shiozawa, M Viren, B Fukuda, Y Hayakawa, T Ichihara, E Inoue, K Ishihara, K Ishino, H Itow, Y Kajita, T Kameda, J Kasuga, S Kobayashi, K Kobayashi, Y Koshio, Y Miura, M Nakahata, M Nakayama, S Okada, A Oketa, M Okumura, K Ota, M Sakurai, N Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, Y Totsuka, Y Yamada, S Earl, M Habig, A Kearns, E Messier, MD Scholberg, K Stone, JL Sulak, LR Walter, CW Goldhaber, M Barszczak, T Gajewski, W Halverson, PG Hsu, J Kropp, WR Price, LR Reines, F Sobel, HW Vagins, MR Ganezer, KS Keig, WE Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Flanagan, JW Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Stenger, V Takemori, D Ishii, T Kanzaki, J Kobayashi, T Nakamura, K Nishikawa, K Oyama, Y Sakai, A Sakuda, M Sasaki, O Echigo, S Kohama, M Suzuki, AT Haines, TJ Blaufuss, E Sanford, R Svoboda, R Chen, ML Conner, Z Goodman, JA Sullivan, GW Mori, M Hill, J Jung, CK Martens, K Mauger, C McGrew, C Sharkey, E Yanagisawa, C Doki, W Ishizuka, T Kitaguchi, Y Koga, H Miyano, K Okazawa, H Saji, C Takahata, M Kusano, A Nagashima, Y Takita, M Yamaguchi, T Yoshida, M Kim, SB Etoh, M Fujita, K Hasegawa, A Hasegawa, T Hatakeyama, S Iwamoto, T Kinebuchi, T Koga, M Maruyama, T Ogawa, H Suzuki, A Tsushima, F Koshiba, M Nemoto, M Nishijima, K Futagami, T Hayato, Y Kanaya, Y Kaneyuki, K Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Doyle, R George, J Stachyra, A Wai, L Wilkes, J Young, K CA Super-Kamiokande Collaborat TI Search for proton decay via p -> e(+) pi(0) in a large water Cherenkov detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREJUS EXPERIMENT; NEUTRINO; MODES; LIFETIME; SYMMETRY AB We have searched for proton decay via p --> e(+)pi(0) using data from a 25.5 kton . yr exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. We find no candidate events with an expected background induced by atmospheric neutrinos of 0.1 events. From these data, we set a lower limit on the partial lifetime of the proton tau/Bp-->e+pi 0 to be 1.6 x 10(33) years at a 99% confidence level. [S0031-9007(98)07309-8]. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Phys, Carson, CA 90747 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Miyagi Univ Educ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shiozawa, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. RI Takeuchi, Yasuo/A-4310-2011; Nakamura, Kenzo/F-7174-2010; Sobel, Henry/A-4369-2011; Suzuki, Yoichiro/F-7542-2010; Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Sakurai, Nobuyuki/M-5009-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Koshio, Yusuke/C-2847-2015; Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015 OI Sakurai, Nobuyuki/0000-0002-1002-217X; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Koshio, Yusuke/0000-0003-0437-8505; NR 25 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 16 BP 3319 EP 3323 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3319 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129JX UT WOS:000076461000005 ER PT J AU Atwood, D Soni, A AF Atwood, D Soni, A TI Two-body decays of the b quark: Applications to direct CP violation, searches for electroweak penguins, and new physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIES AB A systematic experimental search for two-body hadronic decays of the b quark of the type b --> quark + meson is proposed. These reactions have a well-defined experimental signature and they should be theoretically cleaner compared to exclusive decays. Many modes have appreciable branching ratios, and partial rate asymmetries may also be quite large (about 8%-50%) in several of them. In a few cases electroweak penguins appear to be dominant and may be measurable. CP-violating triple correlation asymmetries provide a clean test of the standard model. [S0031-9007(98)07437-7]. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Atwood, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 16 BP 3324 EP 3327 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3324 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129JX UT WOS:000076461000006 ER PT J AU Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Schwarthoff, H Spencer, MB Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Undrus, A Bishai, M Fast, J Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Glenn, S Kwon, Y Lyon, AL Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Dambasuren, E Efimov, A Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Titov, A Viehhauser, G Wang, JC Bartelt, J Csorna, SE McLean, KW Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Chadhha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Bliss, DW Jaffe, DE Masek, G Paar, HP Potter, EM Prell, S Sivertz, M Sharma, V Asner, DM Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Roberts, D Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Galik, RS Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Valant-Spaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Patton, S Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Sahu, SK Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhou, L Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lee, SJ O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A AF Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Schwarthoff, H Spencer, MB Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Undrus, A Bishai, M Fast, J Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Glenn, S Kwon, Y Lyon, AL Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Dambasuren, E Efimov, A Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Titov, A Viehhauser, G Wang, JC Bartelt, J Csorna, SE McLean, KW Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Chadhha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Bliss, DW Jaffe, DE Masek, G Paar, HP Potter, EM Prell, S Sivertz, M Sharma, V Asner, DM Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Roberts, D Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Galik, RS Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Valant-Spaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Patton, S Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Sahu, SK Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhou, L Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lee, SJ O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A CA CLEO Collaboration TI Further search for the two-photon production of the glueball candidate f(J)(2220) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID J/PSI RADIATIVE DECAYS AB The CLEO II detector at the e(+)e(-) storage ring CESR has been used to search for two-photon production of the f(J)(2220) decaying into pi(+)pi(-). No evidence fora signal is found in 4.77 fb(-1) of data and a 95% C.L. upper limit on [Gamma(gamma gamma)B(pi+pi-)](fj(2220)) of 2.5 eV is set. If this result is combined with the BES Collaboration's measurement of f(J)(2220) --> pi+pi- in radiative J/psi decay and the recent CLEO result for [Gamma gamma gamma B-KS0S0](fJ(2220)), a 95% C.L. lower limit on the stickiness of 102 is obtained. This result for the stickiness provides further support for a substantial neutral parton content in the f(J)(2220). [S0031-9007(98)07326-8]. C1 SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Inst Particle Phys, Ottawa, ON, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RI Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Poling, Ronald/0000-0001-7305-4702 NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 16 BP 3328 EP 3332 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3328 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129JX UT WOS:000076461000007 ER PT J AU Longour, C Narro, JG Blank, B Lewitowicz, M Miehe, C Regan, PH Applebe, D Axelsson, L Bruce, AM Catford, WN Chandler, C Clark, RM Cullen, DM Czajkowski, S Daugas, JM Dessagne, P Fleury, A Frankland, L Gelletly, W Giovinazzo, J Greenhalgh, B Grzywacz, R Harder, M Jones, KL Kelsall, N Kszczot, T Page, RD Pearson, CJ Reed, AT Sorlin, O Wadsworth, R AF Longour, C Narro, JG Blank, B Lewitowicz, M Miehe, C Regan, PH Applebe, D Axelsson, L Bruce, AM Catford, WN Chandler, C Clark, RM Cullen, DM Czajkowski, S Daugas, JM Dessagne, P Fleury, A Frankland, L Gelletly, W Giovinazzo, J Greenhalgh, B Grzywacz, R Harder, M Jones, KL Kelsall, N Kszczot, T Page, RD Pearson, CJ Reed, AT Sorlin, O Wadsworth, R TI Observation of Fermi superallowed beta(+) decays in heavy odd-odd, N = Z nuclei: Evidence for 0(+) ground states in Y-78, Nb-82, and Tc-86 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; FRAGMENTATION; STABILITY; ISOTOPES; RB-74; MODEL; T=0 AB The beta(+)-decay half-lives of the neutron-deficient, odd-odd, N = Z nuclei Rb-74, Y-78, Nb-82, and Tc-86 have been measured following the fragmentation of a primary Mo-92 beam at an energy of 60 MeV per nucleon. The half-lives were measured by correlating beta(+) decays with the implantation of unambigously identified fragments. The deduced log ft values are consistent with 0(+) --> 0(+) Fermi superallowed transitions, which together with the measured beta(+) detection efficiencies suggest T = 1, I-pi = 0(+) ground states for these odd-odd, N = Z nuclei. These data represent the heaviest N = Z systems for which Fermi superallowed decays have been established. The results suggest that these nuclei can extend the mass range used to test the conserved vector current hypothesis of the standard model. [S0031-9007(98)07389-X]. C1 Univ Strasbourg 1, F-67037 Strasbourg 2, France. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. GANIL, F-14021 Caen, France. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Brighton, Dept Mech Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO1 4DD, N Yorkshire, England. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. CNRS IN2P3, UMR7500, IReS Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg 2, France. RP Longour, C (reprint author), CNRS IN2P3, UMR7500, IReS Strasbourg, BP 28, F-67037 Strasbourg 2, France. RI Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; harder, marie/D-3157-2013 OI Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; harder, marie/0000-0002-1811-4597 NR 33 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 16 BP 3337 EP 3340 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3337 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129JX UT WOS:000076461000009 ER PT J AU Rehm, KE Esbensen, H Jiang, CL Back, BB Borasi, F Harss, B Janssens, RVF Nanal, V Nolen, J Pardo, RC Paul, M Reiter, P Segel, RE Sonzogni, A Uusitalo, J Wuosmaa, AH AF Rehm, KE Esbensen, H Jiang, CL Back, BB Borasi, F Harss, B Janssens, RVF Nanal, V Nolen, J Pardo, RC Paul, M Reiter, P Segel, RE Sonzogni, A Uusitalo, J Wuosmaa, AH TI Fusion cross sections for the proton drip line nucleus (17)F at energies below the Coulomb barrier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FISSION; HALOS; SHELL; O-16; IONS; B-8 AB The fusion-fission cross section for the system (17)F + (208)Pb involving the drip line nucleus (17)F has been measured at energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. No enhancement of the fusion-fission yields due to breakup or to a large interaction radius was observed. [S0031-9007(98)07400-6]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Rehm, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 16 BP 3341 EP 3344 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3341 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129JX UT WOS:000076461000010 ER PT J AU Wang, XB Ding, CF Wang, LS AF Wang, XB Ding, CF Wang, LS TI Photodetachment spectroscopy of a doubly charged anion: Direct observation of the repulsive Coulomb barrier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROSPRAY ION-SOURCE; GAS-PHASE; NEGATIVE-ION; FREE-ENERGIES; HYDRATION; CHEMISTRY; CLUSTERS AB Photoelectron spectra of citric acid doubly charged anion were measured. The repulsive Coulomb barrier due to the two excess charges was directly probed and estimated to be about similar to 1.9-2.5 eV. The adiabatic binding energy of the second electron was measured to be 1.0 eV. Two detachment channels were observed, with the second channel at similar to 0.6 eV higher in binding energy. The current study presents the first photodetachment experiments of a multiply charged anion and opens up new opportunities to study these novel molecular species. [S0031-9007(98)07383-9]. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 16 BP 3351 EP 3354 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3351 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129JX UT WOS:000076461000013 ER PT J AU Zoldi, SM AF Zoldi, SM TI Unstable periodic orbit analysis of histograms of chaotic time series SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CYCLE EXPANSIONS; SYSTEMS; ATTRACTORS AB Using the Lorenz equations, we have investigated whether unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) associated with a strange attractor may predict the occurrence of the robust sharp peaks in histograms of some experimental chaotic time series. Histograms with sharp peaks occur for the Lorenz parameter value r = 60.0 but not for r = 28.0, and the sharp peaks for r = 60.0 do not correspond to a histogram derived from any single UFO. However, we show that histograms derived from the time series of a non-Axiom-A chaotic system can be accurately predicted by an escape-time weighting of UFO histograms. [S0031-9007(98)07397-9]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zoldi, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 16 BP 3375 EP 3378 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3375 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129JX UT WOS:000076461000019 ER PT J AU Gaifullin, MB Matsuda, Y Bulaevskii, LN AF Gaifullin, MB Matsuda, Y Bulaevskii, LN TI Comment on "Has a Josephson-plasma mode been observed in layered superconductors?" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; RESONANCE C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Minato Ku, Tokyo 106, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gaifullin, MB (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Minato Ku, Tokyo 106, Japan. RI Gaifullin, Marat/G-4803-2015 NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 16 BP 3551 EP 3551 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3551 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129JX UT WOS:000076461000063 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Westphal, C Ynzunza, RX Wang, Z Galloway, HC Salmeron, M Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS AF Kim, YJ Westphal, C Ynzunza, RX Wang, Z Galloway, HC Salmeron, M Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS TI The growth of iron oxide films on Pt(111): a combined XPD, STM, and LEED study SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE epitaxy iron oxide; LEED; magnetic films; single crystal surface; STM; surface structure; X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) ID X-RAY-PHOTOELECTRON; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION DATA; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; AUGER-ELECTRON; SCATTERING; ENERGY; PHOTOEMISSION AB The three complementary surface structure probes of X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) have been combined in a single instrument. This experimental system has been utilized to study the growth of iron oxide films on Pt(lll) over the thickness range from 0.75 to 3.00 monolayers (ML). Each film was formed by first depositing an overlayer of purr Fe with a certain coverage in ML (ranging from 0.75 ML to 3.00 ML) and then thermally oxidizing the Fe at a temperature of 980 K and in an oxygen pressure of 4 x 10(-6) Torr. For films up to similar to 1 ML in thickness, a bilayer of Fe and O similar to those in bulk FeO parallel to a(lll) plane formed. In agreement with a prior STM and LEED study by Galloway et al., we find this bilayer to be an incommensurate oxide film forming a lateral superlattice or Moire structure with short- and long-range periodicities of similar to 3.1 and 26.0 A. From the XPD data, in addition, it can be concluded that the topmost oxygen layer is highly relaxed inward by similar to 0.6 Angstrom as compared to the bulk FeO (111) interplanar spacing, and that the stacking of the topmost O atoms with respect to the underlying Pt is dominated by one of two structurally very similar possibilities. It is furthermore necessary to consider interactions over at least four atomic layers (O, Fe, and the first two Pt layers) to explain this dominance of one stacking type. For thicker iron oxide films from 1.25 to 3.0 ML, the growth mode is essentially Stranski-Krastanov: iron oxide islands form on top of the FeO(lll) bilayer mentioned above. For iron oxide films of 3.0 ML. thickness, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yields an Fe 2p(3/2) binding energy and an Fe:O stoichiometry consistent with the presence of Fe3O4. XPD data further prove this overlayer to be Fe3O4(111)-magnetite in two almost equally populated domains with a 180 degrees rotation between them. The structural parameters for this Fe3O4 overlayer generally agree with those of a previous LEED study, except that we do not find a terminating partial monolayer of Fe and arrive at a significant difference in the first Fe-O interplanar spacing. Overall, this work demonstrates the considerable benefits to be derived by using this particular set of complementary surface structure probes in such epitaxial growth studies. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Dept Phys, D-4300 Essen, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pacific NW Lab, EMSL, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yj_kim@pnl.gov RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921 NR 79 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 416 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00506-8 PG 44 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 135XN UT WOS:000076828200011 ER PT J AU Liu, P Kendelewicz, T Brown, GE Parks, GA Pianetta, P AF Liu, P Kendelewicz, T Brown, GE Parks, GA Pianetta, P TI Reaction of water with vacuum-cleaved CaO(100) surfaces: an X-ray photoemission spectroscopy study SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CaO (100) surface; LEED; photoemission spectroscopy; surface degradation; surface hydroxylation; surface hydroxyl coverage; UHV-cleaved surface; water exposure; XPS ID OXIDES AB The reaction of water vapor with UHV-cleaved CaO( 100) surfaces at 300 K was studied using surface-sensitive synchrotron-based photoemission spectroscopy and LEED. The surface reacts with water at vapor pressures less than or equal to 5 x 10(-10) Torr, resulting in the formation of surface hydroxyls. The reaction is fast for the formation of the first 0.8 ML (monolayer) of hydroxyls, with an apparent sticking coefficient of approximate to 0.9. The reaction slows down dramatically after that, with the sticking coefficient being reduced to approximate to 3 x 10(-5). The highest hydroxyl coverages (greater than or equal to 1 ML) obtained in our experiments were found on surfaces exposed to p(H2O) = 3 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-3) Torr. Bulk hydration of CaO occurs at these water exposure pressures and, in separate experiments, when the surfaces are immersed in liquid water. Air-exposed surfaces contain large amounts of adsorbed molecular water, which can be released in the UHV chamber, causing rapid degradation of freshly cleaved CaO(100) surfaces and some degradation of the vacuum conditions. Annealing CaO samples to 573 K for a few hours removes molecular water and restores the vacuum to the 5 x 10(-11) Torr range, but surfaces cleaved from the annealed samples still degrade slowly. It is not known if this slow degradation is caused by the residual water molecules in the UHV system or by surface diffusion of hydroxyls that remain on the surfaces of the annealed sample. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Liu, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 13 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 19 PY 1998 VL 416 IS 1-2 BP 326 EP 340 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 135XN UT WOS:000076828200032 ER PT J AU Goheen, SC Hilsenbeck, JL AF Goheen, SC Hilsenbeck, JL TI High-performance ion-exchange chromatography and adsorption of plasma proteins (vol 816, pg 89, 1998) SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Correction DE proteins; albumins; immunoglobulins; fibrinogen C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Goheen, SC (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 16 PY 1998 VL 824 IS 1 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 133PM UT WOS:000076695000016 ER PT J AU Mariappan, SVS Silks, LA Bradbury, EM Gupta, G AF Mariappan, SVS Silks, LA Bradbury, EM Gupta, G TI Fragile X DNA triplet repeats, (GCC)(n), form hairpins with single hydrogen-bonded cytosine center dot cytosine mispairs at the CpG sites: Isotope-edited nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on (GCC)(n) with selective (15)N4-labeled cytosine bases SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fragile X repeats; (GCC)(n) hairpins; C center dot C pair with a single H-bond; hetero-nuclear (N-15-H-1) magnetic resonance spectroscopy ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; AMINO PROTON; STRAND; PH; METHYLATION; HELIX; IDENTIFICATION; INSTABILITY; MISMATCHES; DUPLEXES AB Here, we provide a direct proof that the formation of hairpins by (GCC)(n) at the 5'-UTR of the FMR-1 gene offers a mechanism for CpG hypermethylation associated with the fragile X syndrome. For this, we have performed hetero-nuclear (N-15-H-1) magnetic resonance spectroscopy to probe the structure of the CpG sites in the (GCC)(n) hairpins that are N-15-labeled at the amino (N4) groups of specific cytosine bases. Analyses of chemical shift, pH-induced chemical exchange, and NOE pattern of the (15N-labeled) amino protons of cytosine bases reveal that the cytosine bases at the CpG sites are intrahelical and well-stacked with the neighboring G.C base-pairs in the stem. of these hairpins and probably form single hydrogen-bonded C.C mispairs. Measurements of pH-dependent H-1 line-width also demonstrate that the C.C mispairs are more susceptible to open-closure than the G.C base-pairs. Thus, the Cs at the CpG sites of the (GCC)(n) hairpin are "flipped out" more easily to the activated state than those in the corresponding Watson-Crick duplex, (GCC)(n).(GGC)(n) and this makes the hairpin a better target for methylation by the human methyltransferase, the enzyme that methylates the Cs at the CpG sites. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Stable Isotope Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Gupta, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Stable Isotope Resource, T-10,MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gxg@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 16 PY 1998 VL 283 IS 1 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1990 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 129EN UT WOS:000076450900010 PM 9761677 ER PT J AU Ogo, S Nakamura, S Chen, H Isobe, K Watanabe, Y Fish, RH AF Ogo, S Nakamura, S Chen, H Isobe, K Watanabe, Y Fish, RH TI A new, aqueous H-1 NMR shift reagent based on host-guest molecular recognition principles for organic compound structural analysis: Non-covalent pi-pi and hydrophobic interactions using a supramolecular host, [Cp*Rh(2 '-deoxyadenosine)](3)(OTf)(3) SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AMINO-ACIDS; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; BIOORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; CONSISTENT CORRELATION; WATER; BINDING; COMPLEXATION; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEOSIDES; AMINOCYCLODEXTRINS AB We have discovered that the supramolecular host [Cp*Rh(2'-deoxyadenosine)](3)(OTf)(3) (1, Cp* = eta(5)-C5Me5, OTf = CF3SO3-) has utility as a new, aqueous H-1 NMR shift reagent, via a host-guest molecular recognition process that occurs by non-covalent pi-pi and hydrophobic interactions, with a wide variety of H2O-soluble organic substrates. These organic compound guests that we present, to illustrate the utility of host 1 as a novel, aqueous IH NMR shift reagent, encompass examples such as aromatic carboxylic acids, phenylacetic acid (G1), 1-naphthoic acid (G2), and 2-naphthoic acid (G3), an aliphatic carboxylic acid, cyclohexylacetic acid (G4), as well as biological compounds, a di- and a tetrapeptide containing terminal L-tryptophan (Trp) or L-phenylalanine (Phe) groups, L-Trp-L-Phe (G5) and L-Trp-L-Met-L-Asp-L-Phe amide (G6) in the pH range 5-10. A discussion of the molecular recognition parameters that effect the 1H NMR shifts of the organic guests and a comparison with the water-soluble lanthanide shift reagents (LSRs) will be presented to demonstrate the usefulness of this aqueous molecular receptor as an aid for organic compound structural analysis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 444, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Mat Sci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 558, Japan. RP Fish, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD OCT 16 PY 1998 VL 63 IS 21 BP 7151 EP 7156 DI 10.1021/jo972204c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 130ZH UT WOS:000076550200007 ER EF