FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Cafferty, MM Britton, CL Lee, DM Carey, T Emery, MS Halliwell, J Musrock, MS Robinson, SH Young, GR AF Cafferty, MM Britton, CL Lee, DM Carey, T Emery, MS Halliwell, J Musrock, MS Robinson, SH Young, GR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A prototype low-noise sixty-four channel readout card for the PHENIX muon tracker cathode strip detector subsystem SO 1999 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 24-30, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Argonne Natl Labs, Bicron Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CTI PET Syst Inc, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Med Syst, INFN Sezione Ferrara Italy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Picker Int, Sandia Natl Labs, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Washington, Seattle, Univ Ferrara Italy, Univ Utah, US DOE AB The development and test results of a prototype sixty-four channel readout card with emphasis on the eight-channel preamplifier/shaping amplifier ASIC [1] design and performance an presented. Design objectives for the preamplifier include; less than 3000 electrons (rms) of noise for 150 pF of detector capacitance, integration time of 700 ns to 1 us over the range of detector capacitance values from 10 pF to 250 pF, return to baseline of less than 100 us, gain of about 3.5 mV/fC and 11 bits of dynamic range. The nominal power consumption is about 70 mA at a supply voltage of 5V. The readout card design integrates eight of the preamplifier ASICs and two thirty-two channel AMU/ADC [2] (Analog Memory Unit/Analog to Digital Converter (12-bit)) ASICs onto a 6U format printed circuit board. Both ASICs were designed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory while the readout card was designed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cafferty, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-5697-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1999 BP 765 EP 768 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ74H UT WOS:000089372200154 ER PT S AU Aalseth, CE Miley, HS AF Aalseth, CE Miley, HS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A simulation method for germanium pulse shapes SO 1999 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 24-30, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Argonne Natl Labs, Bicron Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CTI PET Syst Inc, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Med Syst, INFN Sezione Ferrara Italy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Picker Int, Sandia Natl Labs, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Washington, Seattle, Univ Ferrara Italy, Univ Utah, US DOE ID DETECTORS AB Pulse shape analysis for germanium spectrometers is under consideration for many purposes such as microphonic noise rejection, event localization in segmented detector systems, correction of ballistic deficit and trapping, and the separation of gamma events from nuclear recoil and beta decay. A simulation system for germanium spectrometer pulses has been developed which models the irradiation of a detector, the collection of charge, and the response of a preamplifier. The product of this simulation is a collection of events. For each event we record the number, location, and energy of charge depositions in the crystal; the total deposited energy; and the shape of the pulse observed at any one of several test points in the preamplifier. This system has been assembled by linking computer codes for radiation transport, electric field calculation, charge transport, electronic response, and data storage and management. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Aalseth, CE (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, MS P8-08,POB 999 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-5697-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1999 BP 769 EP 771 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ74H UT WOS:000089372200155 ER PT S AU Miley, HS Arthur, RJ Lepel, EA Pratt, SL Thomas, CW AF Miley, HS Arthur, RJ Lepel, EA Pratt, SL Thomas, CW GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Evaluation of laboratory detection systems for fission product detection SO 1999 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 24-30, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Argonne Natl Labs, Bicron Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CTI PET Syst Inc, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Med Syst, INFN Sezione Ferrara Italy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Picker Int, Sandia Natl Labs, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Washington, Seattle, Univ Ferrara Italy, Univ Utah, US DOE AB Short lived fission product spectra have been created to evaluate several instrumentation approaches for laboratory measurements of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Modest germanium detectors of several types and in shields of varying background have been used to acquire daily spectra from a hypothetical CTBT detection scenario: A group of sources was designed to simulate a CTBT sample acquired at continental distance from a small, atmospheric explosion. These spectra have been analyzed to determine what additional confidence may be expected from confirmatory laboratory measurements. The performance of the diverse group of detectors was estimated in several ways. in addition, the number of isotopes detected was tabulated for certain detectors as a function of source strength. These performance estimations should provide a clear indication of the trade-off between cost and measurement quality. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Miley, HS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-5697-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1999 BP 786 EP 790 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ74H UT WOS:000089372200159 ER PT S AU Dezillie, B Li, Z Eremin, V Chen, W Zhao, LJ AF Dezillie, B Li, Z Eremin, V Chen, W Zhao, LJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The effect of oxygen impurities on radiation hardness of FZ silicon detectors for HEP after neutron, proton and gamma irradiation SO 1999 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 24-30, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Argonne Natl Labs, Bicron Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CTI PET Syst Inc, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Med Syst, INFN Sezione Ferrara Italy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Picker Int, Sandia Natl Labs, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Washington, Seattle, Univ Ferrara Italy, Univ Utah, US DOE ID CHARGES N-EFF; PARTICLE DETECTORS; DAMAGE AB Radiation hardness for fast neutrons, high energy protons and Co-60 gamma rays of planar detectors processed from highly oxygenated silicon detectors obtained by using the high temperature (1200 degrees C), long time (> 200 hours) oxidation technology, are compared with standard silicon detectors. For fast neutron irradiation it is found that there is no advantage of using highly oxygenated silicon FZ detectors as compared to the standard ones in terms of full depletion voltage degradation as measured a few days after radiation. For a gamma ray dose of 250 Mrad, the standard detectors of all resistivities (1 k Omega cm to 5.6 k Omega cm) invert the space charge sign, while there is little change in space charge density for oxygenated ones. Far proton irradiation, the rate in full depletion voltage increase (beta) of oxygenated detectors is 2.3 times less than that of standard detectors. The difference in radiation hardness is explained in terms of effect of radiation induced disorder regions (clusters of vacancies) on the introduction rates of divacancies in the oxygenated silicon. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dezillie, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-5697-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1999 BP 800 EP 805 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ74H UT WOS:000089372200162 ER PT S AU Klein, GJ Huesman, RH AF Klein, GJ Huesman, RH GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Elastic material model mismatch effects in deformable motion estimation SO 1999 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 24-30, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Argonne Natl Labs, Bicron Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CTI PET Syst Inc, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Med Syst, INFN Sezione Ferrara Italy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Picker Int, Sandia Natl Labs, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Washington, Seattle, Univ Ferrara Italy, Univ Utah, US DOE AB Deformable motion models are useful for analysis of dynamic datasets exhibiting non-rigid motion, as in gated cardiac PET. We employ an algorithm that obtains a vector field to describe the relative motion of each voxel in two data sets. The estimation is based on a two-component cost function: an image matching component, and a motion field smoothness component. A important aspect of obtaining an accurate motion field estimate is properly balancing the weight between the two cost components. We show that by using a material elastic model inspired by continuum mechanics, an intuitive interpretation of the weighting factors for the smoothness constraint may be obtained. Further, we show that mismatches between actual material elastic parameters and those used by the estimation algorithm can lead to greater estimation error. Results are validated using an ellipsoidal phantom simulating compressible and incompressible deformations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-5697-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1999 BP 995 EP 999 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ74H UT WOS:000089372200203 ER PT S AU Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Direct least squares estimation of spatiotemporal distributions from dynamic cardiac SPECT projections SO 1999 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 24-30, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Argonne Natl Labs, Bicron Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CTI PET Syst Inc, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Med Syst, INFN Sezione Ferrara Italy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Picker Int, Sandia Natl Labs, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Washington, Seattle, Univ Ferrara Italy, Univ Utah, US DOE ID KINETIC PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; OF-INTEREST EVALUATION; EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AB Artifacts can result when reconstructing a dynamic image sequence from inconsistent, as well as insufficient and truncated, cone beam SPECT projection data acquired by a slowly rotating gantry. The artifacts can lead to biases in kinetic model parameters estimated from time-activity curves generated by overlaying volumes of interest on the images. However, the biases in time-activity curve estimates and subsequent kinetic parameter estimates can be reduced significantly by first modeling the spatial and temporal distribution of the radiopharmaceutical throughout the projected field of view, and then estimating the time-activity curves directly from the projections. This approach is potentially useful for clinical SPECT studies involving slowly rotating gantries, particularly those using a single-detector system or body contouring orbits with a multi-detector system. We have implemented computationally efficient methods for fully 4-D direct estimation of spatiotemporal distributions from dynamic cone beam SPECT projection data. Temporal splines were used to model the time-activity curves for the blood pool and tissue volumes in a simulated cardiac data acquisition. Least squares estimates of time-activity curves were obtained quickly and accurately using a workstation. From these curves, kinetic parameters were estimated accurately for noiseless data and with same bias for noisy data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reutter, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-5697-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1999 BP 1114 EP 1118 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ74H UT WOS:000089372200229 ER PT S AU Maltz, JS Reutter, BW Huesman, RH Budinger, TF AF Maltz, JS Reutter, BW Huesman, RH Budinger, TF GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Direct kinetic parameter estimation from dynamic ECT sinogram using dimension-reduced time-activity basis SO 1999 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 24-30, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Argonne Natl Labs, Bicron Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CTI PET Syst Inc, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Med Syst, INFN Sezione Ferrara Italy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Picker Int, Sandia Natl Labs, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Washington, Seattle, Univ Ferrara Italy, Univ Utah, US DOE ID TOMOGRAPHY; PET AB We present an algorithm of reduced computational cost which is able to estimate kinetic model parameters directly from dynamic ECT sinograms. The algorithm exploits the extreme degree of parameter redundancy inherent in linear combinations of the exponential functions which represent the modes of first order compartmental systems. The singular value decomposition is employed to find a small set of orthogonal functions, the linear combinations of which are able to accurately represent all modes within the physiologically anticipated range in a given study. The reduced-dimension basis is formed as the convolution of this orthogonal set with a measured input function. The Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse is used to find coefficients of this basis. Algorithm performance is evaluated at realistic count rates using MCAT phantom and clinical Tc-99-teboroxime myocardial study data. Recovered tissue responses compare favorably with those obtained using more computationally intensive methods. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Maltz, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-5697-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1999 BP 1272 EP 1276 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ74H UT WOS:000089372200262 ER PT S AU Maltz, JS AF Maltz, JS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Region resolvability versus noise level guidelines for dynamic ECT obtained via joint spatial and kinetic parameter estimation algorithm SO 1999 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 24-30, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Argonne Natl Labs, Bicron Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CTI PET Syst Inc, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Med Syst, INFN Sezione Ferrara Italy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Picker Int, Sandia Natl Labs, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Washington, Seattle, Univ Ferrara Italy, Univ Utah, US DOE AB For emission computed tomography (ECT) studies of temporally static source distributions, well-known guidelines exist for the number of resolution elements which may be acceptably resolved in a reconstructed image, at a given noise level. Owing to the incomplete angular-temporal sampling in such ECT modalities as rotating camera dynamic single photon ECT (SPECT), the acquired sinogram is not a consistent representation of a Radon transform, and consequently, no analogous bounds on the performance of dynamic reconstruction algorithms may be derived from Radon transform theory. Applying what we believe to be the first spatiokinetic parameter estimation algorithm able to simultaneously estimate both the geometry and kinetics of multiple dynamic regions directly from inconsistent projections, we establish practical guidelines for the number of regions whose boundaries and time-activity curves (TAC's) may be simultaneously estimated to a specified degree of accuracy at a given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These results are hoped to represent useful guidelines for study design and the application and development of dynamic reconstruction algorithms. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maltz, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-5697-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1999 BP 1546 EP 1550 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ74H UT WOS:000089372200321 ER PT S AU Majewski, S Weisenberger, AG Kross, B Kieper, D Wojcik, R Macey, DJ Duan, J Pareek, PN Brezovich, IA AF Majewski, S Weisenberger, AG Kross, B Kieper, D Wojcik, R Macey, DJ Duan, J Pareek, PN Brezovich, IA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Feasibility study of in situ imaging of Ir-192 source during HDR brachytherapy procedure using a small gamma imager based on a Hamamatsu R3292 PSPMT SO 1999 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 24-30, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Argonne Natl Labs, Bicron Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CTI PET Syst Inc, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Med Syst, INFN Sezione Ferrara Italy, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Picker Int, Sandia Natl Labs, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Washington, Seattle, Univ Ferrara Italy, Univ Utah, US DOE AB Preliminary results obtained utilizing a compact gamma camera fitted with a pinhole collimator to track the position of a high activity 5.3 Ci pellet of Ir-192 used in high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy will be presented. HDR brachytherapy procedures depend on delivering fractionated therapy doses to designated target volumes by timed insertion of a small (2-4 mm long) seed source of Ir-192 in body cavities or tumors. The Ir-192 source is attached to a wire and pulled/pushed in fine catheters that are operatively inserted in body cavities or tumor volumes. Presently, HDR procedures rely on a computer controlled mechanical delivery system to track the location of the source in the body. The objective of this study is to provide real-time images of the Ir-192 source in-vivo to monitor that the source is delivered to predefined locations for specified dwell times. The compact gamma camera is based on a 5" Hamamatsu R3292 position sensitive photomultiplier tube with a spatial resolution of about 1mm. Several scintillator sensors were tested based on thin CsI(Na) crystals and a plastic scintillator (such as Bicron BC 400). The low efficiency of the plastic scintillation detector provided acceptable images of the 5.3 Ci Ir-192 source viewed with a pinhole collimator (dia 0.5 and 1.0 mm) located 16 cm from the source. This gamma camera approach provides a unique solution to the problem of verifying HDR brachytherapy treatments in the clinic. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Detector Grp, Newport News, VA USA. RP Majewski, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Detector Grp, Newport News, VA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-5697-7 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1999 BP 1613 EP 1617 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ74H UT WOS:000089372200335 ER PT S AU Mourant, JR Canpolat, M Brocker, C Esponda-Ramos, O Johnson, T Quintana, D Stetter, K Freyer, JP AF Mourant, JR Canpolat, M Brocker, C Esponda-Ramos, O Johnson, T Quintana, D Stetter, K Freyer, JP BE Luo, Q Chance, B Wang, L Jacques, SL TI Basic mechanisms of light scattering in tissue SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL OPTICS (BMO'99) SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 International Conference on Biomedical Optics (BMO 99) CY OCT 25-27, 1999 CL WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Huzhong Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, State Educ Minist China, KC Wong Educ Fdn, SPIE, Chinese Soc Laser Med, Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Soc Laser Med, Chinese Med Assoc ID CELLS AB Tissue strongly scatters light. Therefore, virtually all techniques for probing tissue with light are dependent on the scattering interactions of light with tissue. In particular, noninvasive optical methods for determining tissue morphology are dependent on light scattering. A fundamental understanding of what cellular features scatter light and of how changes internal cellular structures affect the measurement of light transport are needed. In this work, we describe some of the recent progress made towards understanding the basic mechanisms of fight scattering in tissue. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mourant, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3455-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3863 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1117/12.364417 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medicine, General & Internal; Optics SC Engineering; General & Internal Medicine; Optics GA BN89J UT WOS:000083363000003 ER PT B AU Dubchak, I Holbrook, SR Muchnik, I AF Dubchak, I Holbrook, SR Muchnik, I GP NSTI TI Global description of amino acid & nucleotide sequences: Application to predicting protein folds, intron-exon discrimination, & RNA gene identification SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc DE protein fold prediction; exon-intron discrimination; functional RNA genes; computer simulated neural networks AB General global sequence descriptors have been developed which proved to be widely applicable to the prediction of properties of biological genes and gene products. These descriptors include composition, transition, and distribution of defined attributes in the amino acid or nucleotide sequence. We have tested this approach on three completely distinct biological problems: 1) prediction of protein three-dimensional folds; 2) discrimination between sequences of gene introns and exons; and 3) identification of putative RNA genes in genomic sequences. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dubchak, I (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 38 EP 41 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500008 ER PT B AU Terwilliger, TC Berendzen, J AF Terwilliger, TC Berendzen, J GP NSTI TI Structural genomics and automated X-ray crystal structure solution SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc DE protein structure; structural genomics; X-ray crystallography; genomics AB Rapid advances in genomic sequencing are changing the focus and pace of structural biology, shifting from a reductionist approach to a broad view of all the pieces that come into play in a cell or organism. Here we describe how structural information can be obtained in an efficient fashion suitable for genomic-scale structural analyses and discuss recent developments in automation of crystallographic software that will help allow high-throughput structure determination become a reality. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Biol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Biol Grp, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500009 ER PT B AU Cartwright, D Csanak, G George, D Walker, R Kuprat, A Dengi, A Grobman, W AF Cartwright, D Csanak, G George, D Walker, R Kuprat, A Dengi, A Grobman, W GP NSTI TI Capacitance extraction from complex 3D interconnect structures SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc AB A new tool has been developed for calculating the capacitance matrix for complex 3D interconnect structures involving multiple layers of irregularly shaped interconnect, imbedded in different dielectric materials. This method utilizes a new 3D adaptive unstructured grid capability, and a linear finite element algorithm. The capacitance is determined from the minimum in the total system energy as the nodes are varied to minimize the error in the electric field in the dielectric(s). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cartwright, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 159 EP 162 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500040 ER PT B AU Jensen, BD de Boer, MP Miller, SL AF Jensen, BD de Boer, MP Miller, SL GP NSTI TI IMAP: Interferometry for material property measurement in MEMS SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc DE optical measurement; material properties; interferometry ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; BEAMS AB An interferometric technique has been developed for non-destructive, high-confidence, in-situ determination of material properties in MEMS. By using interferometry to measure the full deflection curves of beams pulled toward the substrate under electrostatic loads, the actual behavior of the beams has been modeled. No other method for determining material properties allows such detailed knowledge of device behavior to be gathered. Values for material properties and non-idealities (such as support post compliance) have then been extracted which minimize the error between the measured and modeled deflections. High accuracy and resolution have been demonstrated, allowing the measurements to be used to enhance process control. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1725, Intelligent Micromachines Initiat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jensen, BD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1725, Intelligent Micromachines Initiat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 206 EP 209 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500051 ER PT B AU Nelson, JS Wright, AF Schultz, PA AF Nelson, JS Wright, AF Schultz, PA GP NSTI TI Ab-initio TCAD models of dopant diffusion in SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc AB The rapid pace of the silicon microelectronics industry, and its need for physics-based TCAD models of dopant diffusion, is coinciding with the tremendous algorithmic and computational advances occurring within modem ab initio electronic structure methods. These methods have evolved to a level where complex diffusion processes occurring during implantation, and thermal and chemical processing can be accurately calculated. Furthermore, they provide detailed mechanistic insight often difficult to extract from experimental measurements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1113, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nelson, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1113, MS-0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 367 EP 368 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500090 ER PT B AU Gammel, JT Walker, R AF Gammel, JT Walker, R GP NSTI TI TopoSim3D/Grain3D: Modeling surface deposition and growth SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc DE grain growth; moving finite elements; deposition models; simulation tools ID DESIGN AB We discuss the coupling we are developing between TopoSim3D and Grain3D - two tools making use of the Los Alamos LaGriT adaptive grid toolset. TopoSim3D is a three-dimensional profile simulation tool being developed at Los Alamos to model surface motion during deposition and etch, with the surface reaction mechanisms described using ChemKin and Surface ChemKin software libraries, developed at Sandia National Laboratory. Grain3D is a three-dimensional Gradient Weighted Moving Finite Element code being developed at Los Alamos to model microstructural evolution and annealing. Coupling these two tools provides a capability for studying three-dimensional effects during processing at a feature-scale level. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gammel, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, B221, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 452 EP 454 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500113 ER PT B AU George, D Carlson, N Gammel, JT Kuprat, A AF George, D Carlson, N Gammel, JT Kuprat, A GP NSTI TI 3D modeling of metallic grain growth SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc ID DESIGN AB This paper will describe simulating metallic grain growth using our Gradient Weighted Moving Finite Elements code, GRAIN3D. We also describe the set of mesh topology change operations developed to respond to changes in the physical topology such as the collapse of grains and to maintain uniform calculational mesh quality. Validation of the method is demonstrated by comparison to analytic calculations. We present results of multigrain simulations where grain boundaries evolve by mean curvature motion and include results which incorporate grain boundary orientation dependence. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP George, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, B221, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 463 EP 466 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500116 ER PT B AU Ermakov, SV Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JN AF Ermakov, SV Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JN GP NSTI TI Computer simulations of electrokinetic mass transport in microfabricated fluidic devices SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc DE microchip; electrophoresis; electroosmosis; injection ID OPEN-CHANNEL ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; GLASS CHIP; MICROCHIP; FLOW AB A mathematical model and computer code for simulating electrokinetic fluid and sample manipulations in microfabricated fluidic devices (microchips) are described. The model accounts for mass transport mechanisms such as electrophoretic migration, bulk fluid motion due to electroosmosis, and diffusion. The interactive computer program implementing the model is capable of handling different channel geometries with various boundary conditions for the electric field distribution and sample concentration. Several microchip elements have been modeled and particular attention has been paid to the electrokinetic injection, one of the primary elements in microchip operation. The results obtained in the modeling have been compared with experimental data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ermakov, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 534 EP 537 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500134 ER PT B AU Griffiths, SK Nilson, RH AF Griffiths, SK Nilson, RH GP NSTI TI Hydrodynamic dispersion of a neutral non-reacting solute in electroosmotic flow SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc DE dispersion; electroosmotic; electrokinetic; flow; transport ID CAPILLARY AB To investigate hydrodynamic dispersion in electroosmotic flow, we have derived an asymptotic series solution for the problem of two-dimensional species transport in a tube or channel. This solution is applicable to the late-time diffusive and advective transport of a neutral non-reacting species in an incompressible fluid having uniform and constant electrical and transport properties. We find that the axial dispersion is proportional to the square of the Peclet number based on the characteristic transverse dimension of the tube or channel when the Debye length is large. When the Debye length is small, the dispersion varies as the square of the Peclet number based on the Debye length. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Griffiths, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 558 EP 561 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500140 ER PT B AU Eaton, WP Bitsie, F Smith, JH Plummer, DW AF Eaton, WP Bitsie, F Smith, JH Plummer, DW GP NSTI TI A new analytical solution for diaphragm deflection and its application to a surface-micromachined pressure sensor SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc DE MEMS; microsystems; pressure sensor; diaphragm ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; MEMBRANES; SILICON AB An analytical solution for large deflections of a clamped circular diaphragm with built-in stress is presented. The solution is directly applicable to micromachined pressure sensors. The solution is compared to finite element analysis results and experimental data from a surface-micromachined pressure sensor. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Eaton, WP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 640 EP 643 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500161 ER PT B AU Manginell, RP Rosato, DA Benson, DA Frye-Mason, GC AF Manginell, RP Rosato, DA Benson, DA Frye-Mason, GC GP NSTI TI Finite element modeling of a microhotplate for microfluidic applications SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc DE microhotplate; preconcentrator; IR microscope; chemical analysis; TAS ID SILICON AB A hand-held chemical laboratory (muChemLab) is being developed that utilizes a silicon- nitride-supported microhotplate in the front-end, gas sampling and preconcentration stage. Device constraints include low-power (<200mW at 5V), rapid heating (<20msec), and a relatively uniform temperature distribution throughout the heated area (similar to3mm(2)). To optimize for these criteria, the electro-thermal behavior of the microhotplate was modeled using Thermal Analysis System (TAS). Predicted steady-state and transient behavior agree well with infrared (IR) microscope data and measured transient response for a low-stress silicon nitride thermal conductivity of k(n) = 6.4(.)10(-2) W-.(cm(.)degreesC)(-1) and a convection coefficient of h(cv) 3.5(.)10(-3) W-.(cm(.)degreesC)(-1). The magnitude of h(cv) is framed in the context of vacuum measurements and empirical data. Details and limitations of the IR measurement are discussed. Finally, the efficacy of methods for reducing thermal gradients in the microhotplate's active area is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Manginell, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 663 EP 666 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500167 ER PT B AU Simpson, ML Rochelle, JM Bouldin, D Paulus, MJ Blalcok, TV Bryan, WL Kennedy, EJ Britton, CL Roberts, MJ Wintenberg, AL Karim, M Alley, GT Ericson, MN Bobrek, M AF Simpson, ML Rochelle, JM Bouldin, D Paulus, MJ Blalcok, TV Bryan, WL Kennedy, EJ Britton, CL Roberts, MJ Wintenberg, AL Karim, M Alley, GT Ericson, MN Bobrek, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Collaborative graduate education: The University of Tennessee Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Program in Mixed-Signal VLSI and Monolithic Sensors SO 1999 SOUTHWEST SYMPOSIUM ON MIXED-SIGNAL DESIGN, SSMSD 99 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Southwest Symposium on Mixed-Signal Design (SSMSD 99) CY APR 11-13, 1999 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Univ Arizona Mixed-signal Design Consortium, IEEE Tucson Sect, Analog Devices, Gain Technol, Motorola Corp, Nat Semiconductor ID BIOLUMINESCENT AB The University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Program in Mixed-Signal VLSI and Monolithic Sensors is described. This program is organized around four major components: 1) joint research; 2) a joint graduate program; 3) a summer intern program for undergraduates; and 4) an annual workshop on mixed-signal VLSI and monolithic sensors. There are typically 5-7 research programs that support 10-15 graduate students each year. Industry participates in this program by providing financial support for Industrial Fellows that are selected from Joint Program applicants. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Simpson, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5510-5 PY 1999 BP 74 EP 76 DI 10.1109/SSMSD.1999.768594 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN17J UT WOS:000080929400015 ER PT S AU Tong, WM Taylor, JS Hector, SD Shell, MF AF Tong, WM Taylor, JS Hector, SD Shell, MF BE Abboud, FE Grenon, BJ TI Mask substrate requirements and development for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) SO 19TH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL MONTEREY, CA SP BACUS, Int Techn Grp, SPIE DE EUVL; mask substrate; mask format; mask material AB The mask is deemed one of the areas that require significant research and development in EUVL. Silicon wafers will be used for mask substrates for an alpha-class EUVL exposure tool(dagger) due to their low-defect levels and high quality surface finish. However, silicon has a large coefficient of thermal expansion that leads to unacceptable image distortion due to absorption of EUV light. A low thermal expansion glass or glass-ceramic is likely to be required in order to meet error budgets for the 70nm node and beyond. Since EUVL masks are used in reflection, they are coated with multilayers prior to patterning. Surface imperfections, such as polishing marks, particles, scratches, or digs, are potential nucleation sites for defects in the multilayer coating, which could result in the printed defects. Therefore we are accelerating developments in the defect reduction and surface finishing of low thermal expansion mask substrates in order to understand long-term issues in controlling printable defects, and to establish the infrastructure for supplying masks. In this paper, we explain the technical requirements for EUVL mask substrates and describe our efforts in establishing a SEMI standard for EUVL masks. We will also report on the early progress of our suppliers in producing low thermal-expansion mask substrates for our development activities. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tong, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3468-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3873 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1117/12.373338 PN 1 & 2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BP77H UT WOS:000086137100040 ER PT S AU Cardinale, GF Goldsmith, JEM Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Fisher, A Hector, S Mangat, PJS Masnyj, Z Mancini, D Wilkinson, B Bokor, J Jeong, S Burkhart, S Cerjan, C Walton, C Larson, C Yan, PY Zhan, GJ AF Cardinale, GF Goldsmith, JEM Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Fisher, A Hector, S Mangat, PJS Masnyj, Z Mancini, D Wilkinson, B Bokor, J Jeong, S Burkhart, S Cerjan, C Walton, C Larson, C Yan, PY Zhan, GJ BE Abboud, FE Grenon, BJ TI Comparison of at-wavelength inspection, printability, and simulation of nm-scale substrate defects in extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). SO 19TH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL MONTEREY, CA SP BACUS, Int Techn Grp, SPIE AB We report on the comparison of defect printability experimental results with at-wavelength defect inspection and printability modeling at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths. Two sets of EUV masks were fabricated with nm-scale substrate defect topographies patterned using a sacrificial layer and dry-etch process, while the absorber pattern was defined using a subtractive metal process. One set of masks employed a silicon dioxide film to produce the programmed defects, whereas the other set used chromium films. Line-, proximity- and point-defects were patterned and had lateral dimensions in the range of 0.2 mu m x 0.2 mu m to 8.0 mu m x 1.5 mu m on the EUV reticle, and a topography in the range of 8 nm - 45 nm. Substrate defect topographies were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) before and after deposition of EUV-reflective Mo/Si multilayers. The programmed defect masks were then characterized using an actinic inspection tool. All EUVL printing experiments were performed using Sandia's 10x-reduction EUV Microstepper, which has a projection optics system with a wavefront error <1 nm, and a numerical aperture of 0.088. Defect dimensions and exposure conditions were entered into a defect printability model. In this investigation, we compare the simulation predictions with experimental results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cardinale, GF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3468-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3873 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1117/12.373339 PN 1 & 2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BP77H UT WOS:000086137100041 ER PT S AU Jeong, S Lai, CW Rekawa, S Walton, CC Prisbrey, ST Bokor, J AF Jeong, S Lai, CW Rekawa, S Walton, CC Prisbrey, ST Bokor, J BE Abboud, FE Grenon, BJ TI Cross correlation between actinic and visible defect inspection tool for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO 19TH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL MONTEREY, CA SP BACUS, Int Techn Grp, SPIE DE EUV; lithography; mask; defect; actinic AB We present recent experimental results from an actinic (operates at the EUV wavelength) defect inspection system for extreme ultraviolet lithography mask blanks. A method to cross-register and cross-correlate between the actinic inspection system and a commercial visible-light scattering defect inspection system is demonstrated. Thus, random, real defects detected using the visible-light scattering inspection tool can be found and studied by our actinic inspection tool. Several defects with sub-100 nm size (as classified by the visible scattering tool) are found with the actinic inspection tool with a good signal to noise ratio. This result demonstrates the capability of the actinic inspection tool for independent defect counting experiments at a sub-100 nm defect sensitivity level. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jeong, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3468-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3873 BP 814 EP 821 DI 10.1117/12.373375 PN 1 & 2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BP77H UT WOS:000086137100079 ER PT S AU Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Cardinale, G Fisher, A Mangat, PJS Liang, S Sweeney, DW AF Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Cardinale, G Fisher, A Mangat, PJS Liang, S Sweeney, DW BE Abboud, FE Grenon, BJ TI The use of programmed multilayer defects in validating a defect compensation strategy for EUV lithography SO 19TH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL MONTEREY, CA SP BACUS, Int Techn Grp, SPIE AB We propose the use of optical proximity correction on absorber features to compensate for the effect of sub-resolution multilayer defects that would otherwise induce a critical error in linewidth. A series of defect printability and compensation experiments utilizing programmed multilayer defects are presented which demonstrate this approach. The amount of absorber removal for defect compensation depends on system imaging performance and the quality of the absorber removal process. A process flow for the mask fabrication, defect characterization and compensation is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ray-Chaudhuri, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,MS 9409, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3468-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3873 BP 838 EP 843 DI 10.1117/12.373378 PN 1 & 2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BP77H UT WOS:000086137100082 ER PT B AU Britton, CL Warmack, RJ Smith, SF Oden, PI Jones, RL Thundat, T Brown, GM Bryan, WL Depriest, JC Ericson, MN Emery, MS Moore, MR Turner, GW Wintenberg, AL Threatt, TD Hu, Z Clonts, LG Rochelle, JM AF Britton, CL Warmack, RJ Smith, SF Oden, PI Jones, RL Thundat, T Brown, GM Bryan, WL Depriest, JC Ericson, MN Emery, MS Moore, MR Turner, GW Wintenberg, AL Threatt, TD Hu, Z Clonts, LG Rochelle, JM BE Wills, DS DeWeerth, SP TI Battery-powered, wireless MEMS sensors for high-sensitivity chemical and biological sensing SO 20TH ANNIVERSARY CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED RESEARCH IN VLSI, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Anniversary Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI CY MAR 21-24, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP GA Inst Technol ID MICROCANTILEVERS; CANTILEVERS AB Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are developing selectively coated cantilever arrays DE a surface-micromachined MEMS process for very high sensitivities in chemical and biological sensing. Toward this end, we have developed a one-dimensional (I-D) 10-element microcantilever array that Me have coated with gold for mercury sensing and palladium for hydrogen sensing. Ultimately we we coat each element with a different coating. Currently, measurements have been performed,zed using a companion analog 1.2-mu m CMOS eight channel readout chip also designed at ORNL specifically for the microcantilever arrays. In addition, we have combined our sensors with all ORNL-developed RF-telemetry chip having on-chip spread spectrum encoding and modulation circuitry to improve the robustness and security of sensor data in typical interference- and multipath-impaired environments. We have also provided for a selection of distinct spreading codes to serve groups of sensors in a common environment by the application of code-division multiple-access techniques. Our initial system is configured for nse in the 915-MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. The entire package is powered by four AA batteries. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Britton, CL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0056-0 PY 1999 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1109/ARVLSI.1999.756060 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BM71U UT WOS:000079596400029 ER PT S AU McDonald, TE Yates, GJ King, NSP Turko, BT AF McDonald, TE Yates, GJ King, NSP Turko, BT BE Degtyareva, VP Monastyrsky, MA Schelev, MY Smirnov, AV TI Continuous recording camera system for high-frame rate high-resolution applications SO 23RD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS, PT 1 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY SEP 20-25, 1998 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Gen Phys Inst, Russian Acad Sci, P N Lebedev Phys Inst, Russian Comm High Speed Photog & Photon, All Russian Inst Opt & Phys Measurements, Russian Minist Sci & Technol, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Russian State Comm Stand, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, SPIE Russia Chapter, Spectra Phys Co DE high-speed imaging; 3500 frames/s sustained frame rate; 200ps optical shutter; range-gated LADAR multiport CCD camera AB The Los Alamos National Laboratory in support of Department of Energy and Department of Defense projects is developing a continuous recording, intensified, CCD camera system having a high-frame rate and fast shutter capability. The camera frame rates can range from 1 to approximately 3500 frames per second with sub-nanosecond shuttering capability. Camera shuttering (or gating) is provided by a microchannel plate image intensifier employing a Los Alamos designed stripline geometry that incorporates impedance matching to reduce pulse reflections and dispersion. The CCD pixel array size is 512x512, which provides good-resolution over a relatively wide field of view. Video data readout ham the CCD is through 16 parallel ports with a pixel rate of up to 75 Mpixels/s per port. Camera outputs include 16 parts of both analog video and digital video provided by 10-bit onboard digitizers. A computer controlled frame grabber is being fabricated which will record data from the digital outputs and stare the data in a local memory for transfer into a non-volatile storage medium such as a removable disk drive. Salient characteristics and performance data of a prototype camera are presented and range gated imaging applications are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP McDonald, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2975-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3516 BP 322 EP 331 PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BN52A UT WOS:000082108000043 ER PT S AU Smoot, GF AF Smoot, GF BE Maiani, L Melchiorri, F Vittorio, N TI COBE observations and results SO 3 K COSMOLOGY: EC-TMR CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EC-TMR Conference on 3K Cosmology CY OCT, 1998 CL UNIV LA SAPIENZA, ROME, ITALY SP European Community TMR Program HO UNIV LA SAPIENZA DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology; artificial satellites, space probes ID DIFFERENTIAL MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; SKY MAPS; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; 1ST-YEAR MAPS; UNIVERSE; TEMPERATURE; STATISTICS; EMISSION; DESIGN AB This paper summarizes the results from the COBE satellite mission. Nine years have passed since the launch of COBE and six years since the announcement of the discovery of cosmic microwave background anisotropies by the COBE DMR instrument. This is still a relatively short time to look back and understand the implications of COBE and the anisotropy discovery; however, this 3K Cosmology Conference provides some context. The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite has made a major contribution to the field of cosmology and has help create the confidence and high level of interest that propels the field today. Two major CMB observations, the thermal spectrum of the CMB and the CMB anisotropies, plus a host of other observations and conclusions are the basis and a major but not exclusive portion of the legacy of COBE. The recent detection and observation of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) are also part of COBE's major contribution to cosmology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Ctr Particle Astrophys,Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Ctr Particle Astrophys,Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Smoot@cosmos.lbl.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-847-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 476 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN11W UT WOS:000080761700002 ER PT S AU Bigio, IJ AF Bigio, IJ BE Guzman, AM TI Optical Biopsy: the noninvasive diagnosis of cancer with optical spectroscopy SO 3RD IBEROAMERICAN OPTICS MEETING AND 6TH LATIN AMERICAN MEETING ON OPTICS, LASERS, AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Iberoamerican Optics Meeting / 6th Latin American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Their Applications CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 1998 CL CARTAGENA DE INDIAS, COLOMBIA SP Colombian Network Opt, Univ Nacl Colombia, Univ Valle, Univ Ind Santander, Univ Antioquia, Univ Las Americas, Fundac Multitaller Univ Valle, Colciencias-Inst Colombiano Desarrollo Ciencia & Technol Francisco Jose Caldas, Acad Colombiana Ciencias, Exactas, Fisicas & Naturales, Fundac Promoc Investigac & Technol, Sociedad Colombiana Fisica, Fundac Alejandro Angel Escobar, Centro Latinoamer Fisica, UNESCO, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Tehoret Phys, Int Commiss for Opt, Opt Soc Amer, SPIE, AVIANCA-SAM DE optical biopsy; tissue spectroscopy; optical diagnosis ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; BLADDER-CANCER; TISSUE; SCATTERING; LIGHT; MODEL AB In recent years, researchers have demonstrated that various types of optical spectroscopy can be used to perform noninvasive, real-time and in-situ diagnosis of tissue pathologies, especially cancer. In this overview of the topic, various spectroscopic methods are described. The promises and hopes, as well as the difficulties of these developing techniques are discussed. UV-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and elastic-scattering spectroscopy are addressed at some length, and infrared-absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are more briefly discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bigio, IJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Grp, MS-E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3036-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3572 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.358352 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN39L UT WOS:000081782700002 ER PT S AU Puskar, JD Dykhuizen, RC Robino, CV Burnett, ME Kelley, JB AF Puskar, JD Dykhuizen, RC Robino, CV Burnett, ME Kelley, JB GP IRON STEEL SOC IRON STEEL SOC TI Austenite formation kinetics during rapid heating in a microalloyed steel SO 41ST MECHANICAL WORKING AND STEEL PROCESSING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 37 SE IRON & STEEL SOCIETY: MECHANICAL WORKING AND STEEL PROCESSING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference CY OCT 24-27, 1999 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Iron & Steel Soc, Div mech Working & Steel Proc DE austenite; microalloy; on heating kinetics; model; gleeble; dilatometry ID FE-C STEELS; FERRITE/CEMENTITE MIXTURES; REAUSTENITIZATION; CARBON; MODEL C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Puskar, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IRON & STEEL SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 186 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7528 USA SN 1075-878X J9 ISS MWSP CONF P PY 1999 VL 37 BP 625 EP 635 PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP48M UT WOS:000085245000061 ER PT S AU Allgood, GO Manges, WW AF Allgood, GO Manges, WW GP IRON STEEL SOC IRON STEEL SOC TI Modeling manufacturing processes to mitigate technological risk SO 41ST MECHANICAL WORKING AND STEEL PROCESSING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 37 SE IRON & STEEL SOCIETY: MECHANICAL WORKING AND STEEL PROCESSING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference CY OCT 24-27, 1999 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Iron & Steel Soc, Div mech Working & Steel Proc DE manufacturing; economics; modeling; technology insertion C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allgood, GO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IRON & STEEL SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 186 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7528 USA SN 1075-878X J9 ISS MWSP CONF P PY 1999 VL 37 BP 793 EP 798 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP48M UT WOS:000085245000078 ER PT B AU Brislawn, CM Robinson, SH Crockett, SA AF Brislawn, CM Robinson, SH Crockett, SA BE RamirezAngulo, J TI Subband coding of RF signals in reconfigurable computing hardware SO 42ND MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 08-11, 1999 CL NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR, LAS CRUCES, NM SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn HO NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV, CORBETT CTR AB A subband coding algorithm is designed for compression of wideband RF data and eventual implementation on a reconfigurable computer board. The algorithm involves a multirate filter bank, adaptive uniform scalar quantization, and Huffman entropy coding. We report the performance of the algorithm in software on RF data from the DOE satellites ALEXIS and FORTE. A reconfigurable computer array board, RCA-2, designed and assembled at LANL is presented as a target platform for hardware implementation of the algorithm. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brislawn, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5492-3 PY 1999 BP 1135 EP 1138 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ78X UT WOS:000089525800271 ER PT B AU Emerson, JA Adkins, CLJ AF Emerson, JA Adkins, CLJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Techniques for determining the flow properties of underfill materials SO 49TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE - 1999 PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electr Components, Assemblies, Equipment & Supplies Assoc, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, IEEE ID FLIP-CHIPS; ENCAPSULATION AB It is predicted that the number of ICs flip chipped in the near future will experience exponential growth. In light of this, an area ripe for attention is the development of characterization tools for monitoring the flow properties of the underfill encapsulant. Three tools were developed that emulate the flow characteristics of the flip chip. Two of these tools are based on Washburn-Rideal, or capillary flow. One tool, the capacitance underfill tool, follows changes in the dielectric constant as the encapsulant flows between parallel plates. As a liquid flows between two thinly gapped parallel plates, the flow rate can be measured if we treat the plates as a capacitor and the flow between the plates as a displacement of the dielectric material between them. The advantage of this technique is that the plates can be gapped to mimic the actual flip chip configuration. The second tool, a small "V" groove, is designed as a quick diagnostic for production and process material control. The encapsulant is dispensed into a reservoir that feeds a 90 degrees 1 mm V-shaped groove. The fixture, with built-in reference fiducials, can be placed on a hot plate for elevated temperature operation. The data from both tools is plotted as the square of the distance versus time. The slope of this curve (proportional to viscosity over surface tension) is the important factor in determining the critical material properties for underfilling of the flip chip device. Computational modeling of the underfill process constitutes the third tool. A validated model that runs on a desktop PC provides a quick assessment of the underfill flow pattern. A GUI interface allows easy input of material data and chip configuration parameters such as bump layout, gap height, and fill pattern. The computational based model predicts the flow pattern, possible voiding, and fill time of the underfilling process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jaemers@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5231-9 PY 1999 BP 777 EP 781 DI 10.1109/ECTC.1999.776270 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN30H UT WOS:000081460000128 ER PT B AU Peterson, DW Burchett, SN Sweet, JN Mitchell, RT Nguyen, L AF Peterson, DW Burchett, SN Sweet, JN Mitchell, RT Nguyen, L GP IEEE IEEE TI Calculation and validation of thermomechanical stresses in flip chip BGA using the ATC4.2 test vehicle SO 49TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE - 1999 PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electr Components, Assemblies, Equipment & Supplies Assoc, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, IEEE AB We report the first in situ measurements of thermomechanical stresses in a 1000 I/O 250 mu m pitch piezoresistive flip chip test chip assembled to a 755 I/O 1.0 mm pitch 35 mm Ball Grid Array (BGA). The EGA substrates employed "build-up" dielectric layers containing micro-vias over conventional fiberglass laminate cores. Experimental data, which include in situ stress and die bending measurements, were correlated to closed form and Finite Element Method (FEM) calculations. Cracking and delamination were observed in some of the experimental groups undergoing temperature cycling. Through use of bounding conditions in the FEM simulations, these failures were associated with debonding of the underfill fillet from the die edge that caused stresses to shift to weaker areas of the package. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peterson, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5231-9 PY 1999 BP 1241 EP 1248 DI 10.1109/ECTC.1999.776397 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN30H UT WOS:000081460000212 ER PT B AU Patel, RR Garrett, HE Emanuel, MA Larson, NC Pocha, MD Krol, DM Deri, RJ Lowry, ME AF Patel, RR Garrett, HE Emanuel, MA Larson, NC Pocha, MD Krol, DM Deri, RJ Lowry, ME GP IEEE IEEE TI Compact, low-crosstalk, WDM filter elements for multimode ribbon fiber data links SO 49TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE - 1999 PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Electronic Components and Technology Conference CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electr Components, Assemblies, Equipment & Supplies Assoc, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, IEEE AB We have been developing the optical components for a source-routed wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) computer interconnect fabric that uses multi-mode fiber ribbon cable as the transmission medium. We are developing wavelength selectable VCSEL transmitters, interference filters, and a compact broadcast element. Here we report on key results from our interference filter development activities. Our WDM filter approach is based upon post-market machining of the commercially available molded plastic "MT" fiber ribbon connector. We use III-IV semiconductors grown by MBE or MOCVD as the filter materials. The high indices of our thin film materials enable us to use multimode fiber and maintain narrow passbands without the need for micro-optics. We have fabricated both 2-port and 3-port devices based upon this approach. Our current work focuses on 2-port WDM filters suitable for a broadcast and select architecture. Our single-cavity Fabry-Perot (FP) filters have demonstrated insertion losses of < 2 dB for 4 nm passbands. The maximum crosstalk suppression for the single-cavity FP filters is 18dB To improve crosstalk suppression beyond that attainable with the Lorentzian lineshapes of the single-cavity FP we have investigated some multiple-cavity Fabry-Perot (MC-FP) designs which have a spectral response with a flatter top and sharper passband edges. Filter passband edge sharpness can be quantified by the ratio of the filter 3 dB bandwidth to 18 dB bandwidth. This ratio is 0.48 for our multi-cavity filter, three times sharper than the single-cavity EP devices. This device provides a 5 nm tolerance window for component wavelength variations (at 1 dB excess loss) and is suitable for 10 nm channel spacing with 23 dB crosstalk suppression between adjacent channels. The average insertion loss for the MC-FP devices is 1.6 dB. (Average of insertion losses for the 12 fibers in a filter module.) Our current MC-FP filters have a 3dB width of 7.6nm. Fiber to fiber center wavelength variations within a typical filter module are less than 1nm. The MC-FP devices exhibit cross-talk suppression >30dB over a 100nm span. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Patel, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5231-9 PY 1999 BP 1261 EP 1264 DI 10.1109/ECTC.1999.776404 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN30H UT WOS:000081460000214 ER PT J AU Lan, RX Gatley, J Lu, Q Fan, PS Fernando, SR Volkow, ND Pertwee, R Makriyannis, A AF Lan, RX Gatley, J Lu, Q Fan, PS Fernando, SR Volkow, ND Pertwee, R Makriyannis, A TI Design and synthesis of the CB1 selective cannabinoid antagonist AM281: A potential human SPECT ligand SO AAPS PHARMSCI LA English DT Article DE AM281; cannabinoid CB1 receptor; cannabinoid receptor antagonist; CB1 selective ligand; SPECT image ID I-123 LABELED AM251; RAT-BRAIN; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SR 141716A; IN-VIVO; LOCALIZATION; RADIOLIGAND; SR141716A; BINDING AB In the search for a radioligand capable of imaging cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the living human brain by SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography), N-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM281) was synthesized. This compound is an analog of the potent, CB1 receptor selective antagonist SR141716A [N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide]. AM281 bound to brain and spleen membrane preparations (CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively) with K-i values of 12 nM and 4200 nM, respectively. AM281 also inhibited the response of guinea-pig small intestine preparation to a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Thus, AM281 behaves as a CB1 receptor selective antagonist. Methods for the rapid, high-yield synthesis and purification of [I-123]AM281 were developed, and transaxially reconstructed brain SPECT images obtained after continuous infusion of [I-123]AM281 in baboons. Thus [I-123]AM281 may be suitable for imaging CB1 receptors in humans. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci & Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Dept Biomed Sci, Aberdeen AB9 1AS, Scotland. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Makriyannis, A (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci & Mol & Cell Biol, U-92, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Pertwee, Roger/E-1312-2011 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1650 KING ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2747 USA J9 AAPS PHARMSCI JI AAPS Pharmsci PY 1999 VL 1 IS 3 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 314CD UT WOS:000087035800002 ER PT S AU Williams, GP AF Williams, GP BE Carr, GL Dumas, P TI Infrared synchrotron radiation, review of properties and prospectives. SO ACCELERATOR-BASED SOURCES OF INFRARED AND SPECTROSCOPIC APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accelerator-Based Sources of Infrared and Spectroscopic Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO DE synchrotron; infrared AB In this paper we review the properties of infared sources, setting the synchrotron in perspective among lasers and thermal sources. Synchrotron radiation is ideal for spectroscopy on small samples and has enjoyed extensive utilization throughout the world with some 27 beamlines either in operation or planned. It is a broadband source, which is 1000 times brighter than standard thermal sources. It is polarized, pulsed on the nanosecond scale, highly spatially coherent and is also an absolute source making it possible to perform accurate absorption or reflection measurements. The high brightness makes it ideal for spectroscopy on samples with limited throughput and the main focus has been the realization of very high signal to noise values, not only on small samples, but in the far infrared where the 300K background is a major contributor to the noise. However, synchrotron radiation is not suitable for high power or non-linear applications. Modem free-electron lasers are up to 8 orders of magnitude brighter than synchrotron radiation at the wavelengths at which they operate. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Williams, GP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3261-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3775 BP 2 EP 6 DI 10.1117/12.366630 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP12L UT WOS:000084198100001 ER PT S AU Carr, GL Merlo, O Munsli, M Springer, S Ho, SC AF Carr, GL Merlo, O Munsli, M Springer, S Ho, SC BE Carr, GL Dumas, P TI Characterization of the new NSLS infrared microspectroscopy beamline U10B SO ACCELERATOR-BASED SOURCES OF INFRARED AND SPECTROSCOPIC APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accelerator-Based Sources of Infrared and Spectroscopic Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO DE infrared microspectroscopy; infrared synchrotron radiation; infrared beamline; diffraction; spatial resolution ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PERFORMANCE AB The first of several new infrared beamlines, built on a modified bending magnet port of the NSLS VUV ring, is now operational for mid-infrared microspectroscopy. The port simultaneously delivers 40 mrad by 40 mrad to two separate beamlines and spectrometer endstations designated U10A and U10B. The latter is equipped with a scanning infrared microspectrometer. The combination of this instrument and high brightness synchrotron radiation makes diffraction-limited microspectroscopy practical. This paper describes the beamline's performance and presents quantitative information on the diffraction-limited resolution. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carr, GL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3261-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3775 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.366648 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP12L UT WOS:000084198100004 ER PT S AU McKinney, WR Martin, MC Byrd, J Miller, R Chin, M Portman, G Molerl, EJ Lauritzen, T McKean, JP West, M Kellogg, N Zhuang, V Ross, PN Ager, JW Shan, W Haller, EE AF McKinney, WR Martin, MC Byrd, J Miller, R Chin, M Portman, G Molerl, EJ Lauritzen, T McKean, JP West, M Kellogg, N Zhuang, V Ross, PN Ager, JW Shan, W Haller, EE BE Carr, GL Dumas, P TI The first infrared beamlines at the ALS: Final commissioning and new end stations SO ACCELERATOR-BASED SOURCES OF INFRARED AND SPECTROSCOPIC APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accelerator-Based Sources of Infrared and Spectroscopic Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO DE infrared; synchrotron; microscopy; surface science; photoluminescence ID DESIGN AB The design and initial commissioning of the first IR beamline at the ALS has been described previously.(1) We report the final commissioning and first results of the mid-IR spectromicroscopy beamline 1.4.3. In addition, several improvements and two new branchlines are presented. Beamline 1.4.2 is connected to the front end under vacuum and consists of a Bruker Rapid- and Step-Scan vacuum FTIR bench. The modulated light is then coupled into a UHV surface science chamber for grazing incidence reflection studies. Several more external ports are available from the Bruker bench. Beamline 1.4.1 receives light from a separate port on the beamline 1.4 front end and connects to an optical table for photoluminescense and other experiments using photons with energies up to 6eV.(2) C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Martin, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA USA. OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751; McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3261-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3775 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.366650 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP12L UT WOS:000084198100006 ER PT S AU Byrd, JM Chin, M Martin, M McKinney, W Miller, R AF Byrd, JM Chin, M Martin, M McKinney, W Miller, R BE Carr, GL Dumas, P TI Noise reduction for the infrared beamline at the Advanced Light Source SO ACCELERATOR-BASED SOURCES OF INFRARED AND SPECTROSCOPIC APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accelerator-Based Sources of Infrared and Spectroscopic Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO DE infrared; synchrotron radiation; electron storage rings AB Significant reductions in the noise of the infrared Light have been made at Beamline 1.4.3 infrared source at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). The primary source of vibrational noise has been identified as the water system for the storage ring RF system, which is located near the beamline. Modifications to this system have reduced the. noise by an order of magnitude. The dominant source of higher frequency noise has been identified as phase noise in the RF master oscillator driving synchrotron oscillations of the beam. We present measurements of the effect of the electron beam motion in a Fourier transform interferometer (FTIR) detector and a discussion of the coupling mechanism to the beam. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Byrd, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3261-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3775 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.366652 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP12L UT WOS:000084198100008 ER PT S AU Carr, GL Lobo, RPSM LaVeigne, JD Reitze, DH Tanner, DB Kramer, SL Murphy, JB AF Carr, GL Lobo, RPSM LaVeigne, JD Reitze, DH Tanner, DB Kramer, SL Murphy, JB BE Carr, GL Dumas, P TI Evidence for millimeter-wave coherent emission from the NSLS VUV ring SO ACCELERATOR-BASED SOURCES OF INFRARED AND SPECTROSCOPIC APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accelerator-Based Sources of Infrared and Spectroscopic Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO DE coherent synchrotron radiation; longitudinal beam instability; millimeter waves ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION EMISSION AB Coherent synchrotron radiation from the NSLS VUV ring has been detected and partially characterized. The observations have been performed at the new far infrared beamline U12IR. The coherent radiation is peaked near a wavelength of 7mm and occurs in short duration bursts. The bursts occur only when the electron beam current (I) exceeds a threshold value (I-th), which itself varies with ring operating conditions. Beyond threshold, the average intensity of the emission is found to increase as (I-I-th)(2). The coherent emission implies micro-bunching of the electron beam due to a longitudinal instability. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carr, GL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Lobo, Ricardo/0000-0003-2355-6856 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3261-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3775 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.366632 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP12L UT WOS:000084198100012 ER PT S AU Miller, LM Hamerman, D Chance, MR Carlson, CS AF Miller, LM Hamerman, D Chance, MR Carlson, CS BE Carr, GL Dumas, P TI Analysis of bone protein and mineral composition in bone disease using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy SO ACCELERATOR-BASED SOURCES OF INFRARED AND SPECTROSCOPIC APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Accelerator-Based Sources of Infrared and Spectroscopic Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO DE infrared; spectroscopy; microspectroscopy; synchrotron; bone; osteoporosis; osteoarthritis ID CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; EARLY DEPOSITS; SOLID-PHASE; PO4 DOMAIN; TRANSFORM; OSTEOARTHRITIS; SPECTROSCOPY; ENVIRONMENT; ENAMEL AB Infrared (IR) microspectroscopy is an analytical technique that is highly sensitive to the chemical components in bone. The brightness of a synchrotron source permits the examination of individual regions of bone in situ at a spatial resolution superior to that of a conventional infrared source. At Beamlines U10B and U2B at the National Synchrotron Light Source, we are examining the role of bone chemical composition in bone disease. In osteoarthritis (OA), it has been demonstrated that the bone underlying the joint cartilage (subchondral bone) becomes thickened prior to cartilage breakdown. Using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy, we have examined the chemical composition of the subchondral bone in histologically normal and OA monkeys. Results demonstrate that the subchondral bone of OA monkeys is significantly more mineralized than the normal bone, primarily due to an increase in carbonate concentration in the OA bone. High resolution analysis indicates that differences in carbonate content are uniform throughout the subchondral bone region, suggesting that high subchondral bone carbonate may be a marker for OA. Conversely, increases in phosphate content are more pronounced in the region near the marrow space, suggesting that, as the subchondral bone thickens, the bone also becomes more mineralized. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and a skeleton that is more susceptible to fracture. To date, it is unclear whether bone remodeled after the onset of osteoporosis differs in chemical composition from older bone. Using fluorescence-assisted infrared microspectroscopy, we are comparing the composition of monkey bone remodeled at various time points after the onset of osteoporosis (induced by ovariectomy). We find that the chemical composition of bone remodeled one year after ovariectomy and one year prior to necropsy is similar to normal bone. On the other hand, bone remodeled two years after ovariectomy is less mature, indicated by lower mineral protein ratios and higher acid phosphate content. This immature bone may also be a symptom of slower bone formation rates related to estrogen deficiency. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3261-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3775 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1117/12.366634 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP12L UT WOS:000084198100014 ER PT J AU Noble, RJ AF Noble, RJ TI Radioisotope electric propulsion of sciencecraft to the outer Solar System and near-interstellar space SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article AB Recent results are presented in the study of radioisotope electric propulsion as a near-term technology for sending small robotic sciencecraft to the outer Solar System and near-interstellar space. Radioisotope electric propulsion (REP) systems are low-thrust, ion propulsion units based on radioisotope electric generators and ion thrusters. Powerplant specific masses are expected to be in the range of 100 to 200 kg/kW of thrust power. Planetary rendezvous missions to Pluto, fast missions to the heliopause (100 AU) with the capability to decelerate an orbiter for an extended science program and prestellar missions to the first gravitational lens focus of the Sun (550 AU) are investigated. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. AII rights reserved. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Noble, RJ (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 44 IS 2-4 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0094-5765(99)00048-X PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 201AQ UT WOS:000080572800019 ER PT J AU Qin, JD Shao, N Shi, DJ Xu, XD Zhang, JD Guo, PZ Wang, WQ Tang, PS AF Qin, JD Shao, N Shi, DJ Xu, XD Zhang, JD Guo, PZ Wang, WQ Tang, PS TI Establishment of a highly efficient ammonia secreting mutant of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 and the glutamine synthetase activity, photosynthesis and growth in its immobilized cells SO ACTA BOTANICA SINICA LA Chinese DT Article DE antisense fragment of glnA; Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942; immobilization in polyurethane; photosynthesis; glutamine synthetase; ammonia secretion AB A recombinate plasmid PDC-ATGS was constructed, which contained the antisense fragment of glnA gene from Anabaena sp.PCC 7120 and transformed the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechcoccus sp. PCC 7942. The foreign DNA was inserted into the site of glnA locus of the chromosome through the homologous recombination. By using neomyisin, a highly efficient ammonia secretion mutant was selected. After immobilized, the cells of the mutant within polyurethane (PU) foams, glutamine synthetase (GS) and NH4+ secretory activity of GS, and its growth and photosynthesis were measured. It was shown that NH4+ secretion of the immobilized mutant was enhanced 156 folds which was much higher than that of free-living cells of the wild type. The activity of GS was decreased by 73.6%. Growth of the mutant was the same as that of the wild type. The activity of photosystem II in the immobilized mutant cells increased by 44% with 77 K fluorescence spectrum measurement. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Dept Tech Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Capital Normal Univ, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Natl Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Shi, DJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0577-7496 J9 ACTA BOT SIN JI Acta Bot. Sin. PY 1999 VL 41 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 164KP UT WOS:000078463400014 ER PT J AU Botkovitz, P Lucier, GM Rao, RP Bartlett, N AF Botkovitz, P Lucier, GM Rao, RP Bartlett, N TI The crystal structure of O2+RuF6- and the nature of O2RhF6 SO ACTA CHIMICA SLOVENICA LA English DT Article ID ANHYDROUS HF; SALTS AB The 146 degrees K X-ray structure of an O2+RuF6- single crystal {cubic: a = 9.9125(15) Angstrom, V = 974.0( 4) Angstrom(3) Z = 8, space group Ia3} obtained from a liquid anhydrous HF (aHF) solution has proved the previously conjectured three-fold disorder of the O-2(+) species and gives interatomic distances O-O = 1.125(17) and RuF = 1.851(2) Angstrom. Interaction of RhF6 with O-2 in aHF at less than or equal to 20 degrees C, gives a red-brown cubic solid having a similar X-ray powder pattern (XRDP) to that of O2+RuF6- but, contrary to expectation for O-2 +RhF6-, it has a larger cell, with a = 10.17( 1) Angstrom, V = 1052(3) Angstrom(3), Z = 8. NO+RhF6- is rhombohedral with a = 5.046(5) Angstrom, alpha = 97.8( 5) degrees, V = 124.6( 4) Angstrom(3) and isostructural with NO+AuF6-, and O2+AuF6-, the latter having smaller formula unit volume than the former. This suggests that the charge transfer in O2RhF6 is less complete than in O2+RuF6-. and that the electron affinity of RhF6 may be less than that of RuF6. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 121, Canada. RP Botkovitz, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLOVENSKO KEMIJSKO DRUSTVO PI LJUBLJANA PA HAJDRIHOVA 19, LJUBLJANA 1000, SLOVENIA SN 1318-0207 J9 ACTA CHIM SLOV JI Acta Chim. Slov. PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2 BP 141 EP 154 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 217RQ UT WOS:000081513100001 ER PT J AU Jiang, JS Abola, E Sussman, JL AF Jiang, JS Abola, E Sussman, JL TI Deposition of structure factors at the Protein Data Bank SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Letter C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Protein Data Bank, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Jiang, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Protein Data Bank, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 55 BP 4 EP 4 DI 10.1107/S0907444998016631 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 161XB UT WOS:000078314000002 PM 10089388 ER PT J AU Trakhanov, S Parkin, S Raffai, R Milne, R Newhouse, YM Weisgraber, KH Rupp, B AF Trakhanov, S Parkin, S Raffai, R Milne, R Newhouse, YM Weisgraber, KH Rupp, B TI Structure of a monoclonal 2E8 Fab antibody fragment specific for the low-density lipoprotein-receptor binding region of apolipoprotein E refined at 1.9 angstrom SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC MODELING PROGRAM; CYSTEINE-RICH REPEAT; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; AUTOMATED REFINEMENT; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; CHAIN; CRYSTALLIZATION; RESOLUTION; ANTIGEN AB The crystal structure of the Fab fragment of 2E8, the monoclonal IgG1,kappa antibody specific for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-binding region of apolipoprotein E (apoE), has been solved by molecular replacement and refined at 1.9 Angstrom resolution (PDB entry 12E8). Two 2E8 Fab molecules in the asymmetric unit are related by noncrystallographic symmetry and are hydrogen bonded through a beta-sheet-like intermolecular contact between the heavy-chain complementarity-determining regions 3 (CDRH3) of each molecule. The structure has been refined to an R value of 0.22 (R-free = 0.27). The initially ill-defined heavy-chain constant domain (C-H1) Of 2E8 has been retraced with the aid of automatic refinement, confirming the beta-sheet tracing independently of any starting models. As a resolution better than 2 Angstrom is not common for Fab fragments, this model represents a well defined Fab structure and should prove useful in MR solution of other Fab fragments. Furthermore, in the absence of an LDL-receptor structure, the homology of the 2E8 CDRH2 to the ligand-binding domain of the LDL receptor has been exploited to model the apoE-LDL-receptor interaction. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Cardiovasc Res, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Ottawa, Inst Heart, Lipoprot & Atherosclerosis Grp, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Pathol & Biochem, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. RP Trakhanov, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Parkin, Sean/E-7044-2011 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL41633] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 55 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1107/S090744499800938X PN 1 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 161XB UT WOS:000078314000016 PM 10089402 ER PT J AU Wang, HM Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH AF Wang, HM Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH TI Expression, purification and preliminary X-ray analysis of a fibrillarin homolog from Methanococcus jannaschii, a hyperthermophile SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA METHYLATION; YEAST; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE AB Fibrillarin plays a central role in ribosome biogenesis as a ribosomal RNA-processing protein. A Methanococcus jannaschii homolog of fibrillarin has been overexpressed, purified and crystallized. Crystals belong to the C2 space group with unit-cell parameters a = 121.4, b = 43.2, c = 55.3 Angstrom, beta = 96.9 degrees. Under flash-frozen conditions and using synchrotron radiation, the crystals diffract to 1.8 Angstrom resolution. For structural determination, a selenomethionine derivative of the protein has also been crystallized. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 55 BP 338 EP 340 DI 10.1107/S0907444998007513 PN 1 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 161XB UT WOS:000078314000059 PM 10089444 ER PT J AU Williams, TO Aboudi, J AF Williams, TO Aboudi, J TI A generalized micromechanics model with shear-coupling SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES AB A unified mathematical framework for a higher-order transverse shear-normal stress coupled micromechanical model is presented. The model is developed based on the analysis of a repeating unit cell in a doubly periodic array of fibers. The behavior in subregions within the unit cell is modeled using an expansion for the displacement field. The order and form of the displacement expansions in the sub-regions are arbitrary. The higher-order terms in the displacement expansion result in coupling between the transverse shearing and the normal deformation responses (shear coupling). The formulation is sufficiently general to allow generic elastic, plastic, viscoelastic, viscoplastic, or damage constitutive models (within the context of infinitesimal strain theory) for history-dependent behavior to be incorporated into the micromechanical framework. The proposed approach is analytical and provides closed-form expressions for the effective macroscopic behavior of a continuous fiber composite. The model is validated by comparison with existing micromechanics models. The agreement between the predicted effective moduli obtained from the current model and other existing models indicates that the current formulation accurately predicts the effective elastic behavior of a composite. Furthermore, comparison with existing data for the local elastic stress distributions around the inclusion indicates that the current model correctly captures the trends and magnitudes in these distributions. The predictions obtained from the current theory are shown to be more accurate than the corresponding MOC predictions. The ability to more accurately capture the spatial stress distributions can be directly attributed to the incorporation of the shear-coupling phenomena. Finally, the influence of the presence of shear coupling on the local field distributions is considered for the simple macroscopic loading cases of transverse tension and transverse shearing. It is shown that significant coupling between the local transverse shearing and normal deformation responses exists even when the composite is subjected to a macroscopically simple loading field. The existence of this coupling has potentially significant implications in the implementation of history-dependent constitutive models. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Ramat Aviv, Israel. RP Williams, TO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PY 1999 VL 138 IS 3-4 BP 131 EP 154 DI 10.1007/BF01291840 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 261JN UT WOS:000084006200001 ER PT J AU Dienes, JK Solem, JC AF Dienes, JK Solem, JC TI Nonlinear behavior of some hydrostatically stressed isotropic elastomeric foams SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article AB We calculate the stress-strain relation for elastomeric foam from an nb initio theory, which shows that the "plateau" and "densification" regions should be: described by a hyperbola. The theory seems to agree reasonably well with experiment. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dienes, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PY 1999 VL 138 IS 3-4 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1007/BF01291841 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 261JN UT WOS:000084006200002 ER PT J AU Sierk, AJ AF Sierk, AJ TI Nuclear Shapes and Motions - A Symposium in Honor of Ray Nix - Santa Fe, USA, October 25-27, 1998 - Introduction SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE heavy ion; fission; collective motion ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; FISSION; DYNAMICS; MODEL C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sierk, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 151 EP 153 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 293LG UT WOS:000085852700001 ER PT J AU Bender, M Rutz, K Burvenich, T Reinhard, PG Maruhn, JA Greiner, W AF Bender, M Rutz, K Burvenich, T Reinhard, PG Maruhn, JA Greiner, W TI Superheavy nuclei in self-consistent mean-field models SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE relativistic mean field; finite nuclei; Skyrme interaction; Hartree-Fock; spin-orbit interaction; fission barriers; superheavy nuclei; magic numbers ID EFFECTIVE FORCES; PARAMETRIZATION; ELEMENTS; STABILITY; SPACE; DECAY AB The extrapolation of self-consistent nuclear mean-field models to the region of superheavy elements is discussed within the framework of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock and relativistic mean-field models. We present results for spherical and deformed shell closures for a large number of current parameterizations and potential energy surfaces of a few selected nuclei. We find conflicting predictions for the next major shell closures which are related to the effective mass and spin-orbit interaction. A critical examination of the performance of the various models with respect to the key features important for superheavy nuclei prefers Z = 120, N = 172 to be the doubly-magic superheavy nucleus. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. ORNL, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bender, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, CB 3255 Phillips Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 199 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 293LG UT WOS:000085852700005 ER PT J AU Back, BB AF Back, BB TI Fission characteristics of heavy nuclei: Statics and dynamics SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fission; shell corrections; double-humped barrier; fission dynamics; nuclear viscosity ID VISCOSITY; EMISSION AB This paper presents a selective historical perspective of fission research over the last thirty-five years while Ray Nix has made central contributions to the field. The emphasis is placed on early studies of the shell stabilized secondary minimum in the static fission barrier and on the dynamic properties of fission of hot nuclei, which have recently been the focus of intense study. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 209 EP 220 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 293LG UT WOS:000085852700007 ER PT J AU Madland, DG AF Madland, DG TI The Los Alamos model of neutron emission in fission SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE theoretical model; prompt fission neutron spectrum; average prompt neutron multiplicity ID SPECTRA AB Theoretical representations of two of the observables in prompt neutron emission in fission are given, namely, the prompt fission neutron spectrum N(E) and the average prompt neutron multiplicity <(nu)over bar>(p). Early representations of these observables are presented and their deficiencies are discussed. This is followed by a description of the Los Alamos model for the calculation of the two quantities. Emphasis is placed upon predicitability and accuracy. In particular, the dependencies of N(E) and <(nu)over bar>(p) upon the fissioning nucleus and its excitation energy are treated in detail. Recent work in the calculation of the prompt fission neutron spectrum matrix N(E, E-n), where E-n is the energy of the neutron inducing fission, is then discussed. Concluding remarks address the current status of our ability to calculate these observables with confidence, the direction of future theoretical efforts, and limitations to current (and future) approaches. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Madland, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 293LG UT WOS:000085852700009 ER PT J AU Moller, P Iwamoto, A AF Moller, P Iwamoto, A TI Topology of five-dimensional, million-grid-point fission potential-energy surfaces in the 3QS parameterization SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fission barrier; saddle-point shapes; macroscopic-microscopic method ID GROUND-STATE MASSES; HEAVIEST ELEMENTS; HEAVY; DEFORMATIONS; BARRIERS AB A realistic determination of fission saddle-point shapes requires an exploration of a sufficiently large deformation space so that all a priori reasonable candidates for saddle-point shapes are included in the calculation. Until now no calculation has explored in a proper way a deformation space that is sufficiently complete to determine realistic fission saddle-point shapes. Here we calculate a five-dimensional grid of 1 020 000 deformation points. We find that the fission fragments that result from the breakup of the nucleus in some situations establish their identity already at the saddle point. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moller, P (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 241 EP 251 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 293LG UT WOS:000085852700010 ER PT J AU Plasil, F AF Plasil, F TI The PHENIX experiment at the relativistic heavy ion collider SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE PHENIX; RHIC; quark-gluon plasma; heavy-ion reactions AB The PHENIX experiment, one of the two large experiments in the final stages of construction at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider nearing completion at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, is described. Data taking is expected to start in late 1999. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Plasil, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 293LG UT WOS:000085852700016 ER PT J AU Strottman, DD AF Strottman, DD TI Nuclear Shapes and Motions Symposium - Closing remarks SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE heavy ion; fission; collective motion AB Closing remarks to the Symposium "Nuclear Shapes and Motions" held in honor of Ray Nix, Santa Fe, USA, October 25-27, 1998 are given. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Strottman, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 323 EP 324 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 293LG UT WOS:000085852700017 ER PT J AU Balazs, NL Schlei, BR Strottman, D AF Balazs, NL Schlei, BR Strottman, D TI Relativistic flows on a spacetime lattice SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE relativistic fluid dynamics; Lorentz invariance; lattice theory and statistics; cellular automata ID FLUID THEORIES; KINETIC-THEORY; THERMODYNAMICS; STABILITY; CAUSALITY AB The relativistic extension of non-relativistic hydrodynamics suffers from notorious difficulties. In non-relativistic hydrodynamics where difficulties also abound, it has proved a useful supplement to study lattice models which can imitate viscous fluid flow. In this paper we construct a relativistic spacetime lattice and construct a dynamics of points, thus a relativistic cellular automaton over it, to model relativistic fluid flow. A simple example is also explicitly studied, and some numerical results with figures are shown in the last section. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, DDT DO, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balazs, NL (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 67 EP 97 PG 31 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 193BW UT WOS:000080116800006 ER PT J AU Randrup, J AF Randrup, J TI Enhanced pion production in DCC dynamics SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE real-time quantum fields; particle production; disoriented chiral condensates ID DISORIENTED CHIRAL CONDENSATE; HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; FIELD; EXPANSION; EVOLUTION; FORM AB In order to elucidate the enhancement of pion production that may occur during dynamical scenarios of interest in connection with disoriented chiral condensates, we study the evolution of boson modes whose frequencies have a given arbitrary time dependence. The quantum-field treatment yields expressions for the time dependence of observables that depend only on the initial state and specific state-independent enhancement coefficients which can be obtained from the given evolution of the frequency. It is shown how these coefficients also can be obtained within an entirely classical framework by judicious usage of the dependence of the resulting enhancement on the phase of the initial state. Illustrative application is made for frequency evolutions obtained from idealized simulations of high-energy heavy-ion collisions and it is shown how the non-equilibrium evolution of the order parameter may lead to significant enhancements in the final pion spectra. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Randrup, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1999 VL 9 IS 4 BP 289 EP 320 PG 32 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 240AA UT WOS:000082802100002 ER PT J AU Vogt, R AF Vogt, R TI Relation of hard and total cross sections to centrality SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nuclear collisions; hard production; centrality ID COLLISIONS; QUARK AB We compare the fractions of the hard and geometric cross sections as a function of impact parameter. For a given definition of central collisions, we calculate the corresponding impact parameter and the fraction of the hard cross section contained within this cut. We use charm quark production as a definite example. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vogt, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1999 VL 9 IS 4 BP 339 EP 348 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 240AA UT WOS:000082802100004 ER PT J AU Krueger, BP Scholes, GD Yu, JY Fleming, GR AF Krueger, BP Scholes, GD Yu, JY Fleming, GR TI The light harvesting process in purple bacteria SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Jablonski Centennial Conference on Luminescence and Photophysics CY JUL 23-27, 1998 CL TORUN, POLAND ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ANTENNA COMPLEXES; RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY; FEMTOSECOND ENERGY-TRANSFER; PIGMENT-PROTEIN COMPLEXES; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-ACIDOPHILA; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELECTRONIC EXCITATION; LH2 BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL; EXCITON DELOCALIZATION AB We present and review the results of fluorescence upconversion and photon echo experiments, and ab initio calculations performed in our group within the last few years with respect to the light harvesting process in purple bacteria. Carotenoids transfer energy to bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) mainly via the carotenoid S-2 --> BChl Q(x) pathway on a similar to 100 fs timescale. This transfer is reasonably reproduced by considering the Coulombic coupling calculated using the transition density cube method which is valid at all molecular separations. Carotenoids may also serve a role in mediating B800 --> B850 energy transfer in LH2 by perturbing the transition density of the B850 as shown by ab initio calculations on a supermolecule of two B850 BChls, one carotenoid and one B800 BChl. Further calculations on dimers of B850 BChl estimate the intra- and interpolypeptide coupling to be 315 and 245 cm(-1), respectively. These interactions are dominated by Coulombic coupling, while the orbital overlap dependent coupling is similar to 20% of the total. Photon echo peak shift experiments (3PEPS) on LH1 and the B820 subunit are quantitatively simulated with identical parameters aside from an energy transfer time of 90 fs in LR1 and infinity in B820, suggesting that excitation is delocalized over roughly two pigments in LH1. 3PEPS data taken at room and low temperature (34 K) on the B800-B820 suggest that static disorder is the dominant mechanism localizing excitation in LR1 and LH2. We suggest that the competition between the delocalizing effects of strong electronic coupling and the localizing effects of disorder and nuclear motion results in excitation in the B850 and B875 rings being localized on 2-4 pigments within approximately 60 fs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krueger, BP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, 02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD JAN PY 1999 VL 95 IS 1 BP 63 EP 83 PG 21 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 169MM UT WOS:000078752600006 ER PT J AU Strobel, GL AF Strobel, GL TI Role of short range potentials in solving the eigenvalue problem for the three body Dirac equation SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article ID QUARK-MODEL AB The eigenvalue problem for a bound state solution of three quarks requires deep analysis to even start a numerical attempt. A power series solution to the three body Dirac equation solved in hypercentral approximation is sought. A scalar linear flux tube three body string potential is used to confine the quarks. In addition one gluon exchange potentials (OGEP) between quark pairs are considered to model the short range interactions. The angular momentum barrier is found to dominate the wave function behavior at the origin when including only the magnetic part of the OGEP. This occurs when the Coulomb part of the OGEP is neglected, or canceled by terms of opposite sign from the scalar potential. Recurrence relations for the power series coefficients are determined. When the Coulomb part of the OGEP is included, the initial ratios of the composite three quark wave function components are also determined. In this case, the Coulomb strength of the OGEP combines with the angular momenta to determine the wave function behavior near the origin. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Strobel, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 165UL UT WOS:000078540200007 ER PT B AU Stockman, CT Moore, RC AF Stockman, CT Moore, RC BE Reed, DT Clark, SB Rao, L TI Use of dissolved and colloidal actinide parameters within the 1996 waste isolation pilot plant compliance certification application SO ACTINIDE SPECIATION IN HIGH IONIC STRENGTH MEDIA: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING APPROACHES TO PREDICTING ACTINIDE SPECIATION AND MIGRATION IN THE SUBSURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 211th National-American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Experimental and Modeling Studies of Actinide Speciation in Non-Ideal Systems CY AUG 26-28, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Natl Amer Chem Soc ID INTERACTION PITZER PARAMETERS; CONCENTRATED SALT-SOLUTIONS; NATURAL-WATERS; MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; SYSTEM; THERMODYNAMICS; ION; 25-DEGREES-C; PREDICTION; NEPTUNIUM(V) C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stockman, CT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46185-4 PY 1999 BP 63 EP 82 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP38T UT WOS:000084945900004 ER PT B AU Runde, W Neu, MP Reilly, SD AF Runde, W Neu, MP Reilly, SD BE Reed, DT Clark, SB Rao, L TI Actinyl(VI) carbonates in concentrated sodium chloride solutions: Characterization, solubility, and stability SO ACTINIDE SPECIATION IN HIGH IONIC STRENGTH MEDIA: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING APPROACHES TO PREDICTING ACTINIDE SPECIATION AND MIGRATION IN THE SUBSURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 211th National-American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Experimental and Modeling Studies of Actinide Speciation in Non-Ideal Systems CY AUG 26-28, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Natl Amer Chem Soc ID UO2(CO3)34; EQUILIBRIA; SYSTEMS C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Runde, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46185-4 PY 1999 BP 141 EP 151 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP38T UT WOS:000084945900008 ER PT B AU Rao, LF Rai, DP Felmy, AR Novak, CF AF Rao, LF Rai, DP Felmy, AR Novak, CF BE Reed, DT Clark, SB Rao, L TI Solubility of NaNd(CO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O(c) in mixed electrolyte (Na-Cl-CO3-HCO3) and synthetic brine solutions SO ACTINIDE SPECIATION IN HIGH IONIC STRENGTH MEDIA: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING APPROACHES TO PREDICTING ACTINIDE SPECIATION AND MIGRATION IN THE SUBSURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 211th National-American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Experimental and Modeling Studies of Actinide Speciation in Non-Ideal Systems CY AUG 26-28, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Natl Amer Chem Soc ID THERMODYNAMICS; 25-DEGREES-C; CARBONATES; HYDROXIDE; CONSTANTS; PRODUCTS; AM(III); SYSTEM AB Experiments were conducted to evaluate the solubility of neodymium(III) in mixed electrolyte solutions (Nd3+-Na+-Cl--CO32--HCO3--H2O) and in two synthetic brines under different partial pressures of CO,. The stable solid phase in solutions containing concentrated NaCl (2 m and 4 m)/Na2CO3 (0.1 to 2.0 m) and NaCl (2 m)/NaHCO3 (0.1 to 1.0 m) was identified by X-ray diffraction to be NaNd(CO3)(2).6H(2)O(c), which is the same equilibrium solid phase previously observed in solutions of single electrolytes (Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 in the absence of NaCl). Using Fitter's specific ion-interaction approach, ternary ion interaction parameters were developed for Na+-Cl--Nd(CO3)(3)(3-) and incorporated into the previous data base for the single electrolyte, non-chloride systems. The resulting model developed from these experiments provided satisfactory interpretation of the concentration of neodymium in the mixed electrolyte solutions of this study. Model predictions were tested against the experimental measurements of the solubility of Nd(III) in two synthetic brines equilibrated with carbon dioxide at partial pressures of P-CO2 = 10(-3.5) atm and 1 atm The model predictions of the total neodymium concentration in these two brines agree with the experimental results showing deviations less than one order of magnitude. In addition, the model provides a good prediction of the solubility of NaAm(CO3)(2)(c) in 5.6 m NaCl solution equilibrated with carbon dioxide over a wide range of carbonate concentrations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46185-4 PY 1999 BP 153 EP 169 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP38T UT WOS:000084945900009 ER PT B AU Karraker, DG AF Karraker, DG BE Reed, DT Clark, SB Rao, L TI Plutonium (VI) solubility studies in Savannah River site high-level waste SO ACTINIDE SPECIATION IN HIGH IONIC STRENGTH MEDIA: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING APPROACHES TO PREDICTING ACTINIDE SPECIATION AND MIGRATION IN THE SUBSURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 211th National-American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Experimental and Modeling Studies of Actinide Speciation in Non-Ideal Systems CY AUG 26-28, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Natl Amer Chem Soc C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Chem & Hydrogen Technol Sect, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Karraker, DG (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Chem & Hydrogen Technol Sect, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46185-4 PY 1999 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP38T UT WOS:000084945900010 ER PT B AU Aguilar, R Papenguth, HW Rigby, F AF Aguilar, R Papenguth, HW Rigby, F BE Reed, DT Clark, SB Rao, L TI Retardation of colloidal actinides through filtration in intrusion borehole backfill at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) SO ACTINIDE SPECIATION IN HIGH IONIC STRENGTH MEDIA: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING APPROACHES TO PREDICTING ACTINIDE SPECIATION AND MIGRATION IN THE SUBSURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 211th National-American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Experimental and Modeling Studies of Actinide Speciation in Non-Ideal Systems CY AUG 26-28, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Natl Amer Chem Soc DE nuclear waste repository; transuranic waste; geologic salt waste disposal; resource drilling ID TRANSPORT; STRENGTH; MEDIA AB A depth filtration model was used to evaluate filtration of four types of colloids (mineral fragments, humics, microbes, and mature actinide intrinsic colloids) and their agglomerates by borehole backfill material in the event of inadvertent human intrusion to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant(WIPP). The WIPP is a proposed repository sited in bedded salt for transuranic wastes generated under our nation's defense programs. Under a human intrusion scenario involving two or more boreholes, flow from an underlying brine reservoir could potentially result in the migration of colloids from the repository up a borehole and then outward to the overlying Culebra Dolomite aquifer. However, in the performance assessment of the WIPP it is assumed that any intrusive borehole would be backfilled immediately after the infringement. The borehole filler material is assumed to have the hydraulic properties. of either degraded concrete or grout, or silty sand with a maximum permeability of 10(-11) m(2)(worse case scenario). Mechanisms of filtration were modeled by trajectory analysis with borehole particles regarded as collectors. The dominant filtration mechanisms were diffusion and interception. The collision efficiency (alpha) of the colloid particles to the collector grains presented the greatest uncertainty for the filtration modeling. Extensive review of the literature indicated that the colloidal particles displaying the lowest collision efficiencies are microbes and particles stabilized by humic substances (0.1 to 0.01 and approximately 0.001, respectively). These collision efficiency values are based upon low ionic strength water; collision efficiencies have been shown to increase, by orders of magnitude in some cases, upon increasing ionic strength. Conservative a values ranging from 10(-2) to 10(-3) were used in our model calculations. The model predicts that most of the entrained colloids and colloid agglomerates will be filtered out by the borehole filling within a few meters (or fractions of meters) of brine flow distance. Particles displaying the least efficient filtration (e.g., particles between 1 and 5 mu m) would have their concentrations reduced by about an order of magnitude over the travel distance (395 m) between the repository and borehole interface with the Culebra. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Waste Management Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Aguilar, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Waste Management Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46185-4 PY 1999 BP 215 EP 225 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP38T UT WOS:000084945900014 ER PT B AU Kelly, JW Aguilar, R Papenguth, HW AF Kelly, JW Aguilar, R Papenguth, HW BE Reed, DT Clark, SB Rao, L TI Contribution of mineral-fragment type pseudo-colloids to the mobile actinide source term of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) SO ACTINIDE SPECIATION IN HIGH IONIC STRENGTH MEDIA: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING APPROACHES TO PREDICTING ACTINIDE SPECIATION AND MIGRATION IN THE SUBSURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 211th National-American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Experimental and Modeling Studies of Actinide Speciation in Non-Ideal Systems CY AUG 26-28, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Natl Amer Chem Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kelly, JW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46185-4 PY 1999 BP 227 EP 237 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP38T UT WOS:000084945900015 ER PT B AU Lucero, DA Behl, YK Brown, GO Budge, KG Dunn, M Francis, AJ Gillow, JB Papenguth, HW AF Lucero, DA Behl, YK Brown, GO Budge, KG Dunn, M Francis, AJ Gillow, JB Papenguth, HW BE Reed, DT Clark, SB Rao, L TI Laboratory evaluation of colloid transport under simulated subsurface conditions at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP): 2. Large-scale-intact-core column flow experiments. SO ACTINIDE SPECIATION IN HIGH IONIC STRENGTH MEDIA: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING APPROACHES TO PREDICTING ACTINIDE SPECIATION AND MIGRATION IN THE SUBSURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 211th National-American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Experimental and Modeling Studies of Actinide Speciation in Non-Ideal Systems CY AUG 26-28, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Natl Amer Chem Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lucero, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46185-4 PY 1999 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP38T UT WOS:000084945900017 ER PT B AU Strietelmeier, BA Gillow, JB Dodge, CJ Pansoy-Hjelvik, ME Kitten, SM Leonard, PA Triay, IR Francis, AJ Papenguth, HW AF Strietelmeier, BA Gillow, JB Dodge, CJ Pansoy-Hjelvik, ME Kitten, SM Leonard, PA Triay, IR Francis, AJ Papenguth, HW BE Reed, DT Clark, SB Rao, L TI Toxicity of actinides to bacterial strains isolated from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) environment SO ACTINIDE SPECIATION IN HIGH IONIC STRENGTH MEDIA: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING APPROACHES TO PREDICTING ACTINIDE SPECIATION AND MIGRATION IN THE SUBSURFACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 211th National-American-Chemical-Society Symposium on Experimental and Modeling Studies of Actinide Speciation in Non-Ideal Systems CY AUG 26-28, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Natl Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Strietelmeier, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46185-4 PY 1999 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP38T UT WOS:000084945900018 ER PT S AU Tran, HD Brotherton, MS Stanford, SA van Breugel, W AF Tran, HD Brotherton, MS Stanford, SA van Breugel, W BE Terzian, Y Weedman, D Khachikian, E TI Hidden quasars in ultraluminous infrared galaxies SO ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 194th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 17-22, 1998 CL BYURAKAN, ARMENIA SP Int Astron Union AB Many ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) are powered by quasars hidden in the center, but many are also powered by starbursts. A simply diagnostic diagram is proposed that can identify obscured quasars in ULIRGs by their high-ionization emission lines ([O III]lambda5007/Hbeta greater than or similar to 5), and "warm" IR color (f(25)/f(60) greater than or similar to 0.25). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tran, HD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-008-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1999 IS 194 BP 181 EP 183 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU34N UT WOS:000175726500033 ER PT S AU Trevese, D Bunone, A Kron, RG AF Trevese, D Bunone, A Kron, RG BE Terzian, Y Weedman, D Khachikian, E TI The variability of QSOs in the optical band SO ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 194th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 17-22, 1998 CL BYURAKAN, ARMENIA SP Int Astron Union ID OBJECTS; QUASARS C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Astron, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Trevese, D (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Astron, Via GM Lancisi 29, I-00161 Rome, Italy. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-008-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1999 IS 194 BP 184 EP 186 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU34N UT WOS:000175726500034 ER PT S AU Olivier, SS Gavel, DT Friedman, HW Max, CE An, JR Avicola, K Bauman, BJ Brase, JM Campbell, EW Carrano, C Cooke, JB Freeze, GJ Gates, EL Kanz, VK Kuklo, TC Macintosh, BA Newman, MJ Pierce, EL Waltjen, KE Watson, JA AF Olivier, SS Gavel, DT Friedman, HW Max, CE An, JR Avicola, K Bauman, BJ Brase, JM Campbell, EW Carrano, C Cooke, JB Freeze, GJ Gates, EL Kanz, VK Kuklo, TC Macintosh, BA Newman, MJ Pierce, EL Waltjen, KE Watson, JA BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Improved performance of the laser guide star adaptive optics system at Lick Observatory SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; laser guide star; sodium layer; imaging AB Results of experiments with the laser guide star adaptive optics system on the 3-meter Shane telescope at Lick Observatory have demonstrated a factor of 4 performance improvement over previous results. Stellar images recorded at a wavelength of 2 mu m were corrected to over 40% of the theoretical diffraction-limited peak intensity. For the previous two years, this sodium-layer laser guide star system has corrected stellar images at this wavelength to similar to 10% of the theoretical peak intensity limit. After a campaign to improve the beam quality of the laser system, and to improve calibration accuracy and stability of the adaptive optics system using new techniques for phase retrieval and phase-shifting diffraction interferometry, the system performance has been substantially increased. The next step will be to use the Lick system for astronomical science observations, and to demonstrate this level of performance with the new system being installed on the 10-meter Keck IT telescope. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Olivier, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3248-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3762 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.363561 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN95E UT WOS:000083637400001 ER PT S AU Gavel, D Friedman, H Bauman, B AF Gavel, D Friedman, H Bauman, B BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Lick sodium laser guide star: Performance during the 1998 LGS observing campaign SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE sodium laser guide star; laser guide star ID SYSTEM AB The performance of a sodium laser guide star adaptive optics system depends crucially on the characteristics of the laser guide star in the sodium layer. System performance is quite sensitive to sodium layer spot radiance, that is, return per unit sterradian on the sky, hence we have been working to improve projected beam quality via improvements to the laser and changes to the launched beam format. The laser amplifier was reconfigured to a "bounce-beam" geometry, which considerably improves wavefront quality and allows a larger round instead of square launch beam aperture. The smaller beacon makes it easier to block the unwanted Rayleigh light and improves the accuracy of Hartmann sensor wavefront measurements in the AO system. We present measurements of the beam quality and of the resulting sodium beacon and compare to similar measurements from last year. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gavel, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,MS L-395, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3248-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3762 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1117/12.363588 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN95E UT WOS:000083637400003 ER PT S AU Ge, J Ciarlo, D Kuzmenko, P Alcock, C Macintosh, B Angel, R Woolf, N Lloyd-Hart, M AF Ge, J Ciarlo, D Kuzmenko, P Alcock, C Macintosh, B Angel, R Woolf, N Lloyd-Hart, M BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI Adaptive optics high resolution spectroscopy: Present status and future direction SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; spectroscopy; high resolution; immersion gratings ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROGRAPH; GRATINGS AB High resolution spectroscopy experiments with visible adaptive optics (AO) telescopes at Starfire Optical Range and Mt. Wilson have demonstrated that spectral resolution can be routinely improved by a factor of similar to 10 over the seeing-limited case with no extra light losses at visible wavelengths. With large CCDs now available, a very wide wavelength range can be covered in a single exposure. In the near future, most large ground-based telescopes will be equipped with powerful AO systems. Most of these systems are aimed primarily at diffraction-limited operation in the near IR. An exciting new opportunity will thus open up for high resolution IR spectroscopy. Immersion echelle gratings with much coarser grooves being developed by us at LLNL will play a critical role in achieving high spectral resolution with a compact and low cost IR cryogenically cooled spectrograph and simultaneous large wavelength coverage on relatively small IR detectors. We have constructed a new AO optimized spectrograph at Steward Observatory to provide R = 200,000 in the optical, which is being commissioned at the Starfire Optical Range 3.5m telescope. We have completed the optical design of the LLNL IR Immersion Spectrograph (LISPEC) to take advantage of improved silicon etching technology. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ge, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3248-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3762 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.363572 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN95E UT WOS:000083637400018 ER PT S AU Bauman, BJ Gavel, DT Waltjen, KE Freeze, GJ Keahi, KA Kuklo, TC Lopes, SK Newman, MJ Olivier, SS AF Bauman, BJ Gavel, DT Waltjen, KE Freeze, GJ Keahi, KA Kuklo, TC Lopes, SK Newman, MJ Olivier, SS BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI New optical design of adaptive optics system at Lick Observatory SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; Lick Observatory; laser guide-star; natural guide-star; phase-shifting diffraction interferometer; phase-diversity; optical design; Bravais lens AB We present the requirements, design, and resulting new layout for the laser guide star/natural guide star (LGS/NGS) adaptive optics (AO) system on the 3-meter Shane telescope at Lick Observatory. This layout transforms our engineering prototype into a stable, reliable, maintainable end-user-oriented system, suitable for use as a facility instrument. Important new features include convenient calibration using proven phase-shifting diffraction interferometer or phase-diversity techniques'; a new wavefront sensor design that uses the science path's f/28.5 parabola; improved field stop mechanics for better Rayleigh-scatter rejection in LGS mode and better guide-star selection NGS mode; high-sensitivity, wide-field acquisition camera; and significant improvements in adjustment motorization and optomechanical stability. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bauman, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3248-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3762 BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1117/12.363574 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN95E UT WOS:000083637400020 ER PT S AU Campbell, EW Bauman, BJ Sweider, DR Olivier, SS AF Campbell, EW Bauman, BJ Sweider, DR Olivier, SS BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI High-accuracy calibration of an adaptive optics system using a phase shifting diffraction interferometer SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE phase shifting diffraction interferometer; adaptive optics; calibration AB A phase-shifting diffraction interferometer (PSDI) has been integrated into an adaptive optics (AO) system developed by LLNL for use on the three meter Shane telescope at Lick Observatory. The interferometer is an all fiber optic design, which is extremely compact. It is useful for calibrating the control sensors, measuring the aberrations of the entire AO optical train, and measuring the influence functions of the individual actuators on the deformable mirror. The PSDI is particularly well suited for this application because it measures converging, quasi-spherical wavefronts, such as are produced by an AO imaging system. Thus, a PSDI can be used to measure the aberrations of the entire AO system, in-situ and without errors introduced by auxiliary optics. This provides an extremely accurate measurement (similar to 5 nm RMS) of the optical properties of the AO system. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Campbell, EW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave MS L-395, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3248-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3762 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1117/12.363579 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN95E UT WOS:000083637400024 ER PT S AU Gavel, D Bauman, B Campbell, G Carrano, C Olivier, S AF Gavel, D Bauman, B Campbell, G Carrano, C Olivier, S BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI A practical comparison of phase diversity to interferometry in measuring the aberrations in an adaptive optics system SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems and Technology CY JUL 21-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; calibration; phase diversity; diffraction interferometry AB Any adaptive optics system must be calibrated with respect to internal aberrations in order for it to Properly correct the starlight before it enters the science camera. Typical internal calibration consists of using a point source stimulus at the input to the AO system and recording the wavefront at the output. Two methods for such calibration have been implemented on the adaptive optics system at Lick Observatory. The first technique, Phase Diversity, consists of taking out of focus images with the science camera and using an iterative algorithm to estimate the system wavefront. A second technique uses a newly installed instrument, the Phase-Shifting Diffraction Interferometer, which has the promise of providing very high accuracy wavefront measurements. During observing campaigns in 1998, both of these methods were used for initial calibrations. In this paper we present results and compare the two methods in regard to accuracy and their practical aspects. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gavel, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,MS L-395, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3248-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3762 BP 266 EP 268 DI 10.1117/12.363582 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN95E UT WOS:000083637400027 ER PT S AU Kim, KJ Sessler, AM AF Kim, KJ Sessler, AM BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI The equation of motion of an electron SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB We review the current status of understanding of the equation of motion of an electron. Classically, a consistent, linearized theory exists for an electron of Finite extent. as long as the size of the electron is larger than the classical electron radius. Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics seems to offer a fine theory even in the point particle limit. Although there is as ver no convincing calculation, it is probable that a quantum electrodynamical result will be at least as well-behaved as is the nonrelativistic quantum mechanical results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100001 ER PT S AU Whittum, DH AF Whittum, DH BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Ultimate gradient in solid-state accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID ELECTRON ACCELERATION; 2-BEAM ACCELERATOR; MICROWAVE SOURCE; LINEAR COLLIDER; KLYSTRON AB We recall the motivation for research in high-gradient acceleration and the problems posed by a compact collider, We summarize the phenomena known to appear in operation of a solid-state structure with large fields, and research relevant to the question of the ultimate gradient. We take note of new concepts, and examine one in detail, a miniature particle accelerator based on an active millimeter-wave circuit and parallel particle beams. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Whittum, DH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 72 EP 85 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100006 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV AF Pogorelsky, IV BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Terawatt picosecond CO2 laser technology for high energy physics applications SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID ELECTRON ACCELERATION AB Demonstration of ultra-high acceleration gradients in the SM LWFA experiments put a next objective for the laser accelerator development: to achieve a low-emittance monochromatic acceleration over extended interaction distances. The emerging picosecond terawatt (ps-TW) CO2 laser technology helps to meet this strategic goal. Among the considered examples are: the staged electron laser accelerator (STELLA) experiment, which is being conducted at the Brookhaven ATF, and the plasma-channeled LWFA. The long-wavelength and high average power capabilities of CO2 lasers may be utilized also for generation of intense x-ray and gamma radiation through Compton back-scattering Of the laser beams off relativistic electrons. We discuss applications of ps-TW CO2 lasers for a tentative gamma-gamma (or gamma-lepton) collider and generation of polarized positron beams. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 86 EP 102 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100007 ER PT S AU Zimmermann, F AF Zimmermann, F BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI New final focus concepts at 5 TeV and beyond SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID COLLIDERS AB At multi-TeV energies, the length of conventional beam-delivery systems becomes excessive, raising doubts about the value of a compact, high-gradient accelerator to future high-energy physics. In this paper, the reasons for the unfavorable length scaling are discussed, and alternative design concepts are described, for which final focus and collimation systems are orders of magnitude shorter and which produce higher luminosity at lower beam power than conventional approaches. These concepts include a sextupole-free final focus, linac energy-spread compensation, bunch combination and laser collimation. They are compatible with novel acceleration techniques. such as an active matrix linac. A consistent parameter set for a 5 TeV collider is presented. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Zimmermann, F (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 103 EP 117 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100008 ER PT S AU Clendenin, JE AF Clendenin, JE BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Polarized RF guns SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID ELECTRON SOURCE AB RF guns employing photocathodes are now well established as viable electron sources for accelerator applications. For high-energy accelerators, the desirable properties of such sources include the relative ease of pulse formation (using the source laser system to establish the pulse shape and number) and a low transverse beam emittance, eliminating the need for rf. chopping and bunching systems and reducing the demands on emittance-reducing damping rings. However, most high-energy accelerators now require polarized electrons. Polarized electron beams call in principle be generated by substituting a III-V semiconductor, such as GaAs, for the traditional photocathode in a conventional rf gun structure. In the past, the principal criterion for selection of photocathodes for rf guns has been the ability to maintain a reasonable quantum yield from the cathode over a relatively long operating period. Ir is well known that GaAs is significantly more sensitive to the vacuum environment than any of the cathode types that have been used to dare. However, advances in our understanding of how to operate GaAs cathodes in hostile environments combined with similar advances in our ability to prepare gun structures that will significantly reduce dark current and rf breakdown lend credibility to the prospect of successfully operating an rf gun with an activated GaAs cathode. The status of research related to polarized rf guns is reviewed and the outline of a future polarized rf sourer combining the best of what is known today is presented. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Clendenin, JE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 142 EP 152 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100011 ER PT S AU Chattopadhyay, S Chen, P AF Chattopadhyay, S Chen, P BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Summary of Working Group 1 - Beam Physics at High Energy Densities SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100013 ER PT S AU Leemans, WP Esarey, E AF Leemans, WP Esarey, E BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Summary report: Working Group 2 on "Plasma Based Acceleration Concepts" SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID MODULATED LASER WAKEFIELDS; PULSE; EXCITATION; INJECTION; WAVE; EVOLUTION; GASES; RAMAN AB A summary of the talks, papers and discussion sessions presented in the Working Group on Plasma Based Acceleration Concepts is given within the context of the progress towards a I GeV laser driven accelerator module. The topics covered within the Working Group were self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration, standard laser wakefield acceleration, plasma beatwave acceleration, laser guiding and wake excitation in plasma channels, plasma wakefield acceleration, plasma lenses and optical injection techniques for laser wakefield accelerators. An overview will he given of the present status of experimental and theoretical progress as well as an outlook towards the future physics and technological challenges for the development of an optimized accelerator module. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leemans, WP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 174 EP 190 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100014 ER PT S AU Fazio, MV AF Fazio, MV BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Radiation Sources Working Group summary report SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB The Radiation Sources Working Group addressed advanced concepts for the generation of RF energy to power advanced accelerators. The focus of the working group included advanced sources and technologies above 17 GHz. The topics discussed included RT sources above 17 GHz, pulse compression techniques to achieve extreme peak power levels, component technology, technology limitations and physical limits, and other advanced concepts. RP sources included gyroklystrons, magnicons, free-electron masers, two beam accelerators, and gyroharmonic and traveling wave devices. Technology components discussed included advanced cathodes and electron guns, high temperature superconductors for producing magnetic fields, RF breakdown physics and mitigation, and phenomena that impact source design such as fatigue in resonant structures due to pulsed RF hearing. New approaches for RF source diagnostics located internal to the source were discussed for detecting plasma and beam phenomena existing in high energy density electrodynamic systems in order to help elucidate the reasons for performance limitations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Power Microwaves Adv Accelerators & Electrod, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fazio, MV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Power Microwaves Adv Accelerators & Electrod, MS-H851, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 220 EP 230 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100018 ER PT S AU Fernow, RC Gallardo, JC Kirk, HG Palmer, RB AF Fernow, RC Gallardo, JC Kirk, HG Palmer, RB BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Transverse cooling in the muon collider SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB Ionization cooling is the preferred method for reducing the emittance of muon beams in a muon collider. The method described here uses passive liquid hydrogen absorbers and rf acceleration in an alternating lattice of solenoids, We consider the basic principles of ionization cooling, indicating our reasons for selecting various parameters. Tracking simulations are used to mate detailed examinations of effects on the beam, such as transmission losses, transverse cooling, bunch lengthening, and introduction of energy spread. The system reduces the overall 6-dimensional emittance to 44% of its initial value. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fernow, RC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 901A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 233 EP 242 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100019 ER PT S AU Irwin, J AF Irwin, J BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Dynamic focusing for linear colliders using a stored beam as the lens SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB By using the intense fields of a demagnified bunch for a final lens, one can completely eliminate the conventional final focus and collimation systems of linear colliders In the dynamic focusing scheme described here. the bunches of the lens beam are stored in,a ring. Lens beam re-use, plus arranging that the It-os beam be divergent as it collides with the main beam. allows much longer lengths foe the main beam hunches and larger wall-plug power ratios between thr main and lens beam. Under these circumstances dynamic focusing can be used for next generation linear colliders. Design details of such systems are discussed, and IP parameters for enemies front .5 to 10 TeV c.m. are presented. All parameters for nest generation systems appear achievable. and we argue that the tolerance, on beam profile and stability can also be achieved. C1 SLAC, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Irwin, J (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100020 ER PT S AU Parsa, Z AF Parsa, Z BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Polarization and luminosity requirement for the first muon collider SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID S-CHANNEL; BOSON AB Muon Polarization and Luminosity requirement for physics studies at a muon collider are discussed. An overview of a muon collider concepts and design parameters for 0.1, 0.5, and 4 Tev muon colliders are abo presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Parsa, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100021 ER PT S AU Thompson, KA Chen, PS AF Thompson, KA Chen, PS BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Electron-positron pair production in the deep quantum regime SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB Electron-positron pair production via real and virtual photons is significant to the design of linear colliders, especially in the deep quantum regime (i.e., beamstrahlung parameter Y much greater than 1). In this regime, pair production via a virtual photon (the trident process) can become comparable in rate to pair production via a real beamstrahlung photon. We derive characteristics of the c+e- pairs produced via the trident process, using the quasi-classical approach of Baier, Katkov, and Strakhovento [1]. We have also examined some of the implications of c+e- pair production for the design of very high energy (several TeV in the center of mass) linear colliders in the deep quantum regime, both in this paper and elsewhere [2]. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Thompson, KA (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 26,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 260 EP 269 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100022 ER PT S AU Zimmermann, F Whittum, DH Ng, CK Hill, ME AF Zimmermann, F Whittum, DH Ng, CK Hill, ME BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Wake fields in a mm-wave linac SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB We estimate the short-range wake fields in the. W-band active matrix linac of a 8-TeV collider, and demonstrate that for the assumed 60-pC bunch charge and 10-mu m rms bunch length they are acceptable. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Zimmermann, F (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 270 EP 279 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100023 ER PT S AU Ming, X AF Ming, X BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Quantum suppression of beamstrahlung for future e(+)e(-) linear colliders: an evaluation of QED backgrounds SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID BEAMS AB Beamstrahlung at interaction point, may present severe limitations oil linear collider performance. Thr approach to reduce this effect adopted for all current designs at 0.5 TeV range in center-of-mass energy will become more difficult and less effective at higher energy. We discuss the feasibility of an alternative approach, based on an effect known as quantum suppression of beamstrahlung, for future linear colliders at multi-TeV energy. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ming, X (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 290 EP 299 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100025 ER PT S AU Chattopadhyay, S Chen, P Cline, D Colestock, P Craddock, W Decker, FJ Holt, J Iverson, R Katsouleas, T King, F Kirby, R Kwok, P Masuda, S Meyerhofer, DD Nakajima, K Ng, J Noble, R Ogata, A Sessler, A Walz, D Weidemann, A AF Chattopadhyay, S Chen, P Cline, D Colestock, P Craddock, W Decker, FJ Holt, J Iverson, R Katsouleas, T King, F Kirby, R Kwok, P Masuda, S Meyerhofer, DD Nakajima, K Ng, J Noble, R Ogata, A Sessler, A Walz, D Weidemann, A BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Progress on plasma lens experiment at the final focus test beam SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB The Plasma Lens Collaboration proposed and has been approved to perform the Plasma Lens Experiment at the Final Focus Test Beam (SLAC E-150bis). The experiment is a revised and simplified proposition which reflects the pertinent scientific and technological advances since an earlier proposal (1) was submitted. The goals of the experiment are to study plasma focusing of high energy. high density panicle beams: to investigative plasma beamsstrahlung suppression: and to develop technologies for plasma lens applications in present and future linear colliders. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100027 ER PT S AU Chen, PS Spitkovsky, A AF Chen, PS Spitkovsky, A BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Optimal laser pulse shaping in Laser Wakefield Accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATOR; PLASMA; BEAM AB We show that, in analogy to the electron beam driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerator (PWFA), an optimal transformer ratio can be attained in the laser driven Laser Wakefield Accelerator (LWFA), by properly shaping the longitudinal profile of the driving laser pulse. The concept of transformer ratio is introduced for accelerating scheme comprised of different particle species, and then applied to LWFA. The optimal laser pulse shape is derived under general conditions including the nonlinear regime of laser-plasma interaction. We show that, while the scaling for optimal transformer ratio is the same in the nonlinear regime, the corresponding laser intensity distribution is different from that for the electron beam. However, when our nonlinear result is reduced to the linear regime of plasma perturbation. the requirement for the laser pulse shape, which me previously derived, is identical to that for the electron beam. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chen, PS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 321 EP 332 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100028 ER PT S AU Conde, ME Gai, W AF Conde, ME Gai, W BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Resonant excitation of plasma wakefields easing multiple electron bunches SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB We plan to resonantly excite plasma wakefields using a train of electron bunches separated by an integer number of plasma wavelengths. The multiple electron bunches are generated by a photocathode based RF gun bq splitting the laser beam into temporally separated pulses. The amplitude of the wakefields generated by the sequence of bunches is expected to br higher than that generated if all charge had been in only one bunch, because this single bunch would be considerably longer than the individual sub-bunches due to space charge effects in our gun. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Conde, ME (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 353 EP 357 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100031 ER PT S AU Cowan, TE Dong, B Ditmire, T Fountain, W Hatchett, S Hunt, AW Johnson, J Kuehl, T Parnell, T Pennington, DM Perry, MD Phillips, TW Takahashi, Y Wilks, SC Young, PE AF Cowan, TE Dong, B Ditmire, T Fountain, W Hatchett, S Hunt, AW Johnson, J Kuehl, T Parnell, T Pennington, DM Perry, MD Phillips, TW Takahashi, Y Wilks, SC Young, PE BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI High energy electrons and nuclear phenomena in Petawatt laser-solid experiments SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB The Petawatt laser at LLNL has opened a new regime of laser-matter interactions in which the quiver motion of plasma electrons is fully relativistic with energies extending well above the threshold for nuclear processes. We have developed broad-band magnetic spectrometers to measure the spectrum of high-energy electrons produced in laser-solid target experiments at the Petawatt, and have found that in addition to the expected flux of similar to few MeV electrons characteristic of the ponderomotive potential, there is a high energy component extending to similar to 100 MeV apparently from plasma acceleration in the underdense pre-formed plasma. The generation of hard bremsstrahlung, photo-nuclear reactions, and preliminary evidence for positron-electron pair production will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cowan, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Kuhl, Thomas/C-2243-2012; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Kuhl, Thomas/0000-0001-6306-4579; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 358 EP 367 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100032 ER PT S AU Govil, R Leemans, WP AF Govil, R Leemans, WP BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Experimental observation of return current effects in passive plasma lenses SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB An overdense plasma lens experiment was conducted at the Beam Test Facility at LBNL [1]. Measurements showing focusing of 50 MeV electron bunches by laser produced overdose plasmas have hell reported previously [2]. Here Lye present experimental observation of plasma focusing in the return current regime, where the electron ham is both charge and (partially) current neutralized. Theoretical and numerical analysis of plasma return current is presented and shown to agree with measurements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Govil, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 384 EP 393 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100035 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV Andreev, NE Kuznetsov, SV AF Pogorelsky, IV Andreev, NE Kuznetsov, SV BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Practical approach to monochromatic LWFA SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID ELECTRON ACCELERATION; LASER-PULSES; PLASMA; INJECTION AB Dependence of the LWFA performance upon the laser wavelength is applied to optimization of the plasma-channeled standard LWFA operating in a linear regime. Electron beam energy spread, emittance and luminosity depend upon the proportion of the electron bunch size to the plasma wavelength. This proportion tends to improve with the laser wavelength increase. We propose the two-stage similar to 1 GeV LWFA with the controlled energy spread and emittance based on realistic capabilities of the BNL ATF that features: picosecond terawatt CO2 laser and a high-brightness electron gun. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 444 EP 452 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100041 ER PT S AU Shvets, G Fisch, NJ Pukhov, A AF Shvets, G Fisch, NJ Pukhov, A BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Electromagnetically induced guiding and superradiant amplification of counter-propagating lasers in plasma SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB The interaction of counter-propagating laser pulses in a plasma is considered. When the frequencies of the two lasers are close. nonlinear modification of the refraction index results ill the mutual focusing of the two beams.;A short (of order the plasma period) laser pulse can be nonlinearly focused bg a long counter-propagating beam which extends over the entire guiding length. It is also demonstrated that a short (< 1/w(p)) laser pulse can be superradiantly amplified by a counter-propagating long: low-intensity pump while remaining ultra-short. Particle-in-Cell simulations indicate that primp depletion can be as high as 40%. This implies that the long pump is efficiently compressed in time without frequency chirping and pulse stretching, making the superradiant amplification an interesting alternative to the conventional method of producing ultra-intense pulses by the chirped-pulse amplification. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI pukhov, alexander/C-8082-2016 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 471 EP 480 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100044 ER PT S AU Shvets, G Fisch, NJ Pukhov, A AF Shvets, G Fisch, NJ Pukhov, A BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Laser-driven undulator radiation SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID PLASMA AB An electromagnetic wake of infra-red radiation car, be generated by art intense laser pulse, propagating through an underdense plasma ill the presence of a magnetostatic undulator. As opposed to undulator radiation from a charged bunch propagating jr! a periodic magnetic field, here radiation comes: From almost stationary. plasma electrons, ponderomotively pushed by the laser pulse. Such laser-driven undulator radiation can be produced by either a single ultra-short pulse. or by two frequency-detuned long pulses. In the latter case the difference frequency is efficiently produced by quasi phase-matched optical heterodyning. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI pukhov, alexander/C-8082-2016 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 481 EP 490 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100045 ER PT S AU Shvets, G Li, X AF Shvets, G Li, X BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Collisionless damping of laser wakes in plasma channels SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB Excitation of accelerating modes in transversely inhomogeneous plasma channels is considered as an initial value problem. Discrete eigenmodes are supported by plasma channels with sharp density gradients. These eigenmodes are collisionlessly damped as the smoothed. Using collisionless Laudau damping as the anology, the existance and damping of these "quasi-modes" is studied by constructing and analytically containing the Green's function of wake excitation into the lower half of the complex frequency plane. Electromagnetic nature of the plasma wakes in the channels makes their excitation nonlocal. This results in the algebraic decay of the fields with time due to phase-mixing of plasma oscillations with spatially-varying frequencies. Characteristic decay rate is given by the mixing time tau([2]), which corresponds to the deplasing of two plasma fluid elements separated by the collisionless skin depth. For wide channels the exact expressions for field evolution are derived. Implications for electron acceleration in plasma channels are discussed. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 491 EP 500 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100046 ER PT S AU Volfbeyn, P Leemans, WP AF Volfbeyn, P Leemans, WP BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Guiding of high intensity ultrashort laser pulses in plasma channels produced with the dual laser pulse Ignitor-Heater technique. SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID ACCELERATOR; GASES AB We present results of experimental investigations of laser guiding in plasma channels. A new technique for plasma channel creation, the Ignitor - Heater scheme is proposed and experimentally rested in hydrogen and nitrogen. It makes use of two laser pulses. The Ignitor, an ultrashort (<100 fs) laser pulse, is brought to a line focus using a cylindrical lens to ionize the gas. The Heater pulse (160 ps long) is used subsequently to heal the existing spark via inverse Bremsstrahlung. The hydrodynamic shock expansion creates a partially evacuated plasma channel with a density minimum on axis. Such a channel has properties of an optical waveguide. This technique allows creation of plasma channels in low atomic number gases, such as hydrogen, which is of importance for guiding of highly intense laser pulses. The channel density was diagnosed with time resolved longitudinal interferometry. From these measurements the plasma temperature was inferred. The guiding properties of the channels were tested by injecting a >5x10(17) W/cm(2), 75 fs laser pulse. C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Volfbeyn, P (reprint author), LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 514 EP 523 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100048 ER PT S AU Conde, ME Gai, W Konecny, R Power, J Schoessow, P Zou, P AF Conde, ME Gai, W Konecny, R Power, J Schoessow, P Zou, P BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Rf power generation and coupling measurements for the dielectric wakefield step-up transformer SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB The dielectric wakefield transformer (DWT) is one route to practical high energy wakefield-based accelerators. Progress has been made in a number of areas relevant to the demonstration of this device. In this article we describe recent bench measurements and beam experiments using 7.8 and 15.6 GHz structures and discuss some remaining technical challenges in the development of the DWT. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Conde, ME (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 626 EP 634 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100060 ER PT S AU Power, J Gai, W Schoessow, P AF Power, J Gai, W Schoessow, P BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Coherent multimoded dielectric wakefield accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID WAKE-FIELD AB There has recently been a study of the potential uses of multimode dielectric structures for wakefield acceleration [1]. This technique is based on adjusting the wakefield modes of the structure to constructively interfere at certain delays with respect to the drive bunch, thus providing an accelerating gradient enhancement over single mode devices. In this report we examine and attempt to clarify the issues raised by this work in the light of the present state of the art in wakefield acceleration. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Power, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 686 EP 692 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100066 ER PT S AU Xie, M AF Xie, M BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Laser acceleration in vacuum, gases, and plasmas with capillary waveguide SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID PULSES AB I propose a new method for laser acceleration of relativistic electrons using the leaky the leaky modes of a hollow dielectric waveguide. The hollow core of the waveguide can be either in vacuum or filled with uniform gases or plasmas. In case of vaccum and gases, 01 mode is used for direct acceleration. In case of plasmas, (1 1) mode is used to drive longitudinal plasma wave for acceleration. Structure damage due to high power laser can be avoided by choosing a core radius sufficiently larger than laser wavelength. Effect of nonuniform plasma density on waveguide performance is also analyzed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xie, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 701 EP 710 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100068 ER PT S AU Zimmermann, F Yocky, G Whittum, DH Seidel, M Ng, CK McCormick, D Bane, KLF AF Zimmermann, F Yocky, G Whittum, DH Seidel, M Ng, CK McCormick, D Bane, KLF BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Bunch-length and beam-timing monitors in the SLC final focus SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB During the 1997 98 luminosity run of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC), two novel RF-based detectors were brought into operation, in porder to monitor the interaction-point (1P) bunch lengths and fluctuations in the relative arrival time of the two colliding beams. Both bunch length and timing can strongly affect the SLC luminosity and had not been monitored in previous years. The two new detectors utilize a broad-band microwave signal, which is excited by the beam through a ceramic gap in the final-focus beam pipe and transported outside of the beamline vault by a 160-ft long X-Band waveguide. We describe the estimated luminosity reduction due to bunch-length drift and IP timing fluctuation, the monitor layout, the expected responses and signal levels calibration measurements, and beam abservations. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Zimmermann, F (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 775 EP 784 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100075 ER PT S AU Catravas, P Leemans, WP Wurtele, JS Zolotorev, MS Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Segalov, Z Wang, X Yakimenko, V AF Catravas, P Leemans, WP Wurtele, JS Zolotorev, MS Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Segalov, Z Wang, X Yakimenko, V BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Electron bunchlength measurement from analysis of fluctuations in spontaneous emission SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID PULSES; INJECTION AB A statistical analysis of fluctuations in the spontaneous emission of a single bunch of electrons is shown to provide a new bunchlength diagnostic. This concept, originally proposed by Zolotorev and Stupako [1], is based on the fact that shot noise from a finite bunch has a correlation length defined by the bunchlength, and therefore has a spiky spectrum. Single shot spectra of wiggler spontaneousncous emission have been measured at 632 nm from 44 MeV single electron bunches of 1-5 ps. The scaling of the spectral fluctuations with Frequency resolution and the scaling of the spectral intensity distribution with bunchlength are studied. Bunchlength was extracted in a single shot measurement. Agreement was obtained between the experiment and a theoretical model and with independent time integrated measurements. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Catravas, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 803 EP 810 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100078 ER PT S AU Dunham, BM Hartmann, P Kazimi, R Liu, H Poelker, BM Price, JS Rutt, PM Schneider, WJ Sinclair, CK AF Dunham, BM Hartmann, P Kazimi, R Liu, H Poelker, BM Price, JS Rutt, PM Schneider, WJ Sinclair, CK BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Advances in DC photocathode electron guns SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB At Jefferson Lab, a DC photoemission gun using GaAs and GaAs-like cathodes provides a source of polarized electrons for the main accelerator. The gun is required reproduce high average current with:long operational lifetimes and high system throughout. Recent work has shown that careful control of the parameters affecting cathode lifetime lead to dramatic improvements in source operation. These conditions include vacuum and the related effect of ion backbombardment, and precise control of all of the electrons emitted from the cathode. In this paper. we will review recent results and discuss implications for future photocathode guns. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Dunham, BM (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Brosius, Dorothea/B-4751-2017 OI Brosius, Dorothea/0000-0002-1923-4822 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 813 EP 822 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100079 ER PT S AU Srinivasan-Rao, T Smedley, J Schill, J Batchelor, K Farrell, JP AF Srinivasan-Rao, T Smedley, J Schill, J Batchelor, K Farrell, JP BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Dark current measurements at field gradients above 1 GV/m SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB In this paper, we report the results of dark current studies on copper cathodes and stainless steel anodes held at a field gradient > I GV/m. The field emission current is < 1 A for-fields less than 1 GV/m. As the field is increased, the dark current increases rapidly to 150 A For applied fields of similar to 1.7 GV/m. Fowler-Nordheim plots in this range of applied fields indicate a field enhancement factor of 10-20 for a copper cathode with a work function of 4.6 eV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Srinivasan-Rao, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 833 EP 838 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100081 ER PT S AU Srinivasan-Rao, T Smedley, J Batchelor, K Farrell, JP Dudnikova, G AF Srinivasan-Rao, T Smedley, J Batchelor, K Farrell, JP Dudnikova, G BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Optimization of gun parameters for a pulsed power electron gun SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB Extensive simulation work has been done to identify the optimal parameters for a pulsed power electron gun. PBGUNS, an electrostatic beam optics code, was used to optimize the electrode shape and the beam spatial distribution, including modeling the: focusing effect of a curved cathode surface. MAFIA, a panicle-in-a-cell code, was used to investigate those aspects that required rime dependence. such as longitudinal energy spread. The range of agreement between the two codes was also investigated. The transverse phase space at a comparison plane was found to be very; close (within 1 % at low currents and 4 % for higher currents), even for bunch lengths shorter than the gap transit time. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Srinivasan-Rao, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 839 EP 849 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100082 ER PT S AU Gai, W Li, X Conde, M Power, J Schoessow, P AF Gai, W Li, X Conde, M Power, J Schoessow, P BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Design of a high charge (10-100 nC) and short pulse (2-5 ps) RF photocathode gun for wakefield acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID ELECTRON AB In this paper we present a design report on a 1-1/2 cell, L Band RF photocathode gun that is capable of generating and accelerating electron beams with peak currents > 10 kA. We have performed simulation for bunch intensities in the range of 10 - 100 nC with peak axial electrical field at the photocathode of 30 - 100 MV/m. Unlike conventional short electron pulse generation, this design does nor require magnetic pulse compression. Based on numerical simulations using SUPERFISH and PARMELA, this design will produce 20 - 100 nC beam at 18 MeV with rms bunch length 0.6 - 1.25 mm and normalized transverse emittance 30 - 108 mm mrad. Applications of this beam for wakefield acceleration is also discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gai, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 901 EP 907 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100088 ER PT S AU Tantawi, SG AF Tantawi, SG BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI The design and analysis of multi-megawatt distributed single pole double throw (SPDT) microwave switches SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB We present design methodology and analysis for an SPDT switch that is capable of handling hundreds of megawatts of power at X-band. The switch is designed for application in high power rf systems in particular future Linear Colliders (1). In these systems switching need to be fast in one direction only. We use this to our advantage to reach a design for a super high power switch. In our analysis we treat the problem front an abstract point of view. We introduce a unified analysis for the microwave circuits irrespective of the switching elements. The analysis is. then, suitable for different kinds of switching elements such as: photoconductrs, PIN diodes. and plasma discharge in low-pressure: gases. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Tantawi, SG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 959 EP 966 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100094 ER PT S AU Tantawi, SG Bowden, G Farkas, ZD Irwin, J Ko, K Kroll, N Lavine, T Li, Z Loewen, R Miller, R Nantista, C Ruth, RD Rifkin, J Vlieks, AE Wilson, PB Adolphsen, C Wang, J AF Tantawi, SG Bowden, G Farkas, ZD Irwin, J Ko, K Kroll, N Lavine, T Li, Z Loewen, R Miller, R Nantista, C Ruth, RD Rifkin, J Vlieks, AE Wilson, PB Adolphsen, C Wang, J BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI A multi-moded RF Delay Line Distribution System for the next linear collider SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB The Delay Line Distribution System (DLDS) (1) is an alternative to conventional pulse compression which enhances the peak power of an rf soul ce while matching the. long pulse of that source to the shorter tilling rime of the accelerator structure. We present a variation on that scheme that combines the parallel delay lilies of the system into one single line. The power of several sources; is combined into a single waveguide delay? line using a multi-mode launcher. The output mode of the launcher is determined by the phase coding of the input signals. The combined power is extracted using several mode extractors, each of which extracts only one single mode. Hence, the phase coding of the sources controls the output port of the combined power. The power is then fed to the local accelerator structures. We present a derailed design of such a system, including several implementation methods for the launchers, extractors, and ancillary high power rf components. The system is designed so that it can handle the 600 MW peak power required by; the NL design, while maintaining high efficiency. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Tantawi, SG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 967 EP 974 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100095 ER PT S AU Westenskow, GA Anderson, DE Eylon, S Henestroza, E Houck, TL Lidia, SM Vanecek, DL Yu, SS AF Westenskow, GA Anderson, DE Eylon, S Henestroza, E Houck, TL Lidia, SM Vanecek, DL Yu, SS BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Progress on the relativistic klystron two-beam accelerator prototype SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND ID 2-BEAM ACCELERATOR AB The technical challenge for making two-beam accelerators into realizable power sources lies in the creation of the drive beam and: in its propagation over long distances through multiple extraction sections. This year we have been constructing a 1.2-kA, 1-MeV, electron induction prototype injector as a collaborative effort between LBL and LLNL. The,electron source will be a:3.5 "-diameter, thermionic, flat-surface cathode with a maximum shroud field stress of approximately 165 kV/cm. Additional design parameters for the injector include a pulse length of over 120-ns flat top (1% energy variation), and a normalized edge emittance of less than 200 pi-mm-mr. Planned diagnostics include an isolated cathode with resistive divider for:direct measurement of current emission, resistive-wall and magnetic probe current monitors for, measuring beam current and centroid position, capacitive:probes for measuring A-K gap voltage, an energy spectrometer, and a pepper-pot emittance diagnostic. Details of the injector, beam line, and: diagnostics are presented. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Westenskow, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 983 EP 991 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100097 ER PT S AU Bogacz, SA AF Bogacz, SA BE Lawson, W Bellamy, C Brosius, DF TI Stimulated emission of coherent radiation from a relativistic ion beam SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS, EIGHTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts CY JUL 06-11, 1998 CL UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD SP US DOE High Energy Phys Branch HO UNIV MARYLAND AB We consider a relativistic beam of Hydrogen-like ions with Z > 1 having a single bound electron. In this two-level-system, the level population(1s and 2p) may be inverted by the application of a "pi-pulse" of laser radiation tuned to the Doppler shifted 1s --> 2p transition. When the laser beam and ion beam move in opposite directions the required laser frequency is reduced by a factor 2 gamma. Subsequently applied short wavelength resonant radiation moving in the same direction as the ion beam (with the inverted population) will be amplified via stimulated emission; the wavelength ill the laboratory frame now being nr shorter than the original laser wavelength by a factor (2 gamma)(2). C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Accelerator Phys Dept, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bogacz, SA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Accelerator Phys Dept, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-835-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 472 BP 1020 EP 1028 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN58C UT WOS:000082303100101 ER PT S AU Darab, JG Neuenschwander, GG Elliott, DC Frye, JG Strauss, JT AF Darab, JG Neuenschwander, GG Elliott, DC Frye, JG Strauss, JT BE Lednor, PW Nagaki, DA Thompson, LT TI Production, consolidation, sintering, and stability of novel nano-crystalline zirconia catalyst support powders SO ADVANCED CATALYTIC MATERIALS-1998 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Catalytic Materials-1998 at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Criter Catlayst Co L P, Exxon Res & Engn Co, Norton Chem, Shell Dev Chem Co, Union Carbide Corp ID ZRO2 AB Nano-crystalline, zirconium oxide/oxyhydroxide particulates were produced using a novel, continuous, flow-through hydrothermal technology developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Homogeneous aqueous solutions containing ZrO(NO(3))(2) and urea were pumped at pressures of 6000-8000 psi through a heated stainless steel reaction tube at 340-350 degrees C. Flow at pressure was maintained using a nozzle at the down-stream end of the reaction tube. In this process, termed Rapid Thermal Decomposition of precursors in Solution (RTDS), the formation of zirconium oxide/oxyhydroxide nano-crystals (diameters of generally less than 15-nm) occurred during the solution's brief residence time (<15 seconds) in the reaction tube, yielding aqueous slurries of agglomerated particulates. Powders were separated from these slurries, washed, then dried. RTDS powder prepared from 0.3M ZrO(NO(3))(2) and 0.6M urea were mixed with binder and formed into pellets using a commercial screw extruder. These extrudates were subsequently sintered at 500 degrees C, yielding zirconia catalyst support pellets with a measured surface area of 113 m(2)/g. After application of 3% ruthenium metal to the sintered RTDS zirconia extrudates, the resulting catalyst was evaluated for catalytic activity using the hydrothermal hydrogenation of the sugar xylose to xylitol as a model reaction. After 3 hours at 140 degrees C, the RTDS catalyst exhibited useful activity with 92% conversion and 66% selectivity to xylitol formation. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Darab, JG (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-455-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 549 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BN54T UT WOS:000082187900009 ER PT S AU Wilcoxon, JP Thurston, TR AF Wilcoxon, JP Thurston, TR BE Lednor, PW Nagaki, DA Thompson, LT TI Photocatalysis using semiconductor nanoclusters SO ADVANCED CATALYTIC MATERIALS-1998 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Catalytic Materials-1998 at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Criter Catlayst Co L P, Exxon Res & Engn Co, Norton Chem, Shell Dev Chem Co, Union Carbide Corp ID MOS2 AB We report on experiments using nanosize MoS2 to photo-oxidize organic pollutants in water using visible light as the energy source. We have demonstrated that we can vary the redox potentials and absorbance characteristics of these small semiconductors by adjusting their size, and our studies of the photooxidation of organic molecules have revealed that the rate of oxidation increases with increasing bandgap (i.e. more positive valence band and more negative conduction band potentials). Because these photocatalysis reactions can be performed with the nanoclusters fully dispersed and stable in solution, liquid chromatography can be used to determine both the intermediate reaction products and the state of the nanoclusters during the reaction. We have demonstrated that the MoS2 nanoclusters remain unchanged during the photooxidation process by this technique. We also report on studies of MoS2 nanoclusters deposited on TiO2 powder. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1152, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilcoxon, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1152, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-455-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 549 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BN54T UT WOS:000082187900016 ER PT S AU Sohlberg, K Pennycook, J Pantelides, T AF Sohlberg, K Pennycook, J Pantelides, T BE Lednor, PW Nagaki, DA Thompson, LT TI The role of hydrogen in the structure of gamma-alumina SO ADVANCED CATALYTIC MATERIALS-1998 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Catalytic Materials-1998 at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Criter Catlayst Co L P, Exxon Res & Engn Co, Norton Chem, Shell Dev Chem Co, Union Carbide Corp ID GAMMA-AL2O3; ENERGY AB The structure of alpha-alumina (alpha-Al2O3) is well known to be hexagonal close packed. In contrast, the structures of the so-called transition aluminas (gamma-alumina, eta-alumina,...) are the subject of controversy. We report theoretical calculations which show that gamma-alumina is actually a sequence of compounds with the general formula H3mAl2-mO3. (0 less than or equal to m less than or equal to 1/3). m = 1/8 is a unique form, HAl5O8, with a perfect spinel structure. For m > 1/8, there are interstitial H atoms whereas for m < 1/8 there are vacancies. This picture is supported by calculations of material density and proton vibrational frequencies. The results are in excellent agreement with measured values. The present new systematic approach accounts for a wide range of seemingly contradictory data and leads to the conclusion that gamma-alumina behaves as a "reactive sponge" by storing and releasing water in a novel reactive way. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sohlberg, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-455-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 549 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BN54T UT WOS:000082187900023 ER PT S AU Balmer, ML Tonkyn, RG Yoon, I Kolwaite, A Barlow, SE Orlando, TM Hoard, J AF Balmer, ML Tonkyn, RG Yoon, I Kolwaite, A Barlow, SE Orlando, TM Hoard, J BE Lednor, PW Nagaki, DA Thompson, LT TI Surface mediation of NOx reduction/oxidation in a plasma SO ADVANCED CATALYTIC MATERIALS-1998 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Catalytic Materials-1998 at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Criter Catlayst Co L P, Exxon Res & Engn Co, Norton Chem, Shell Dev Chem Co, Union Carbide Corp ID REDUCTION AB NOx reduction efficiency under simulated lean burn conditions is examined for a nonthermal plasma in combination with borosilicate glass, alumina, Cu-ZSM-5 and Na-ZSM-5. The non-thermal plasma alone or with a packed bed of borosilicate glass beads converts NO to NO2 and partially oxidizes hydrocarbons. Alumina and Na-ZSM-5 reduce a maximum of 40% and 50% of NOx respectively; however, the energy cost is high for Na-ZSM-5. Cu-ZSM-5 converts less than 20% with a very high energy consumption. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Balmer, ML (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-455-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 549 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BN54T UT WOS:000082187900030 ER PT S AU Kramer, MJ Tang, YL Dennis, KW McCallum, RW AF Kramer, MJ Tang, YL Dennis, KW McCallum, RW BE Coey, M Lewis, LH Ma, BM Schrefl, T Schultz, L Fidler, J Harris, VG Hasegawa, R Inoue, A McHenry, M TI Effects of quenching environment on the structure of melt-spun Nd2Fe14B SO ADVANCED HARD AND SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SYSTEM; TI AB Melt-spun Nd2Fe14B (2-14-1) ribbons were produced under active vacuum and different partial pressures of inert gases of Ar and He. Microstructure and thermal analyses were performed to understand the microstructural evolution and glass formability (GF) of the ribbons. He atmosphere enhances the quenchability of the ribbons over Ar and vacuum. Ribbons made under 250 Torr He have more uniform microstructure and smoother surfaces than those under 760 Torr He. The higher quenchability induced by He, which increases the interfacial heat transfer coefficient between the melt and rotating wheel during melt spinning, is due to its higher thermal conductivity compared to Ar. The lower pressure stabilizes the turbulence between the melt-pool and Cu wheel, enhancing the heat transfer resulting in a more uniform quench. As a result, a more uniform ribbon microstructure can be obtained at relatively low wheel speeds. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-485-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 577 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP16T UT WOS:000084261000006 ER PT S AU Girt, E Krishnan, KM Thomas, G Echer, CJ Altounian, Z AF Girt, E Krishnan, KM Thomas, G Echer, CJ Altounian, Z BE Coey, M Lewis, LH Ma, BM Schrefl, T Schultz, L Fidler, J Harris, VG Hasegawa, R Inoue, A McHenry, M TI Nd rich Nd-Fe-B tailored for maximum coercivity SO ADVANCED HARD AND SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; ALLOYS AB The coercive field, H-c, in rapidly quenched Nd-Fe-B was found to increase for samples with excess of Nd. In addition, H-c strongly depends on the Fe/B ratio, increasing from 1.67 T for Fe/B = 1.07 to 2.05 T for Fe/B = 14.6 in Nd-30(Fe,B)(70). The increase in H-c seems to correlate with an increase of the gamma-Nd phase in the sample. The initial magnetization curves of Nd-30(Fe,B)(70) show that the domain wall pinning plays a more important role as the Fe/B ratio increases. Thus, gamma-Nd may play an important role in promoting a pinning mechanism. The excess of Nd in rapidly quenched Nd-Fe-B samples was also found to promote growth of Nd2Fe14B grains elongated in shape. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Girt, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-485-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 577 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP16T UT WOS:000084261000026 ER PT S AU Crew, DC Lewis, LH McCormick, PG Street, R Panchanathan, V AF Crew, DC Lewis, LH McCormick, PG Street, R Panchanathan, V BE Coey, M Lewis, LH Ma, BM Schrefl, T Schultz, L Fidler, J Harris, VG Hasegawa, R Inoue, A McHenry, M TI Magnetization reversal in melt-quenched NdFeB SO ADVANCED HARD AND SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID FE-B MAGNETS; PERMANENT-MAGNETS; COERCIVITY AB Melt-quenched NdFeB is an important modern permanent magnet material. However there still remains doubt as to the magnetization reversal mechanism which controls coercivity in material prepared by this processing route. To investigate this problem a new technique based on measurements of reversible magnetization along recoil curves has been used. The technique identifies the presence of free domain walls during magnetic reversal. For this study samples of isotropic (MQI), hot pressed (MQII) and die upset (MQIII) melt-quenched NdFeB were examined. The results indicate that in MQI free domain walls are not present during reversal and the reversal mechanism is most likely incoherent rotation of some form. Free domain walls are also not present during reversal in the majority of grains of MQII, even though initial magnetization measurements indicate that the grain size is large enough to support them. In MQIII free domain walls are present during reversal. These results are attributed to the reduced domain wall nucleation field in MQIII compared with MQII and the increased dipolar interactions in MQIII. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Sci Mat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crew, DC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Sci Mat, Bldg 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-485-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 577 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP16T UT WOS:000084261000034 ER PT S AU Hawley, ME Brown, GW Thoma, DJ Willard, MA Laughlin, DE McHenry, ME AF Hawley, ME Brown, GW Thoma, DJ Willard, MA Laughlin, DE McHenry, ME BE Coey, M Lewis, LH Ma, BM Schrefl, T Schultz, L Fidler, J Harris, VG Hasegawa, R Inoue, A McHenry, M TI Magnetic force microscopy study of new nanocrystalline soft magnetic ribbons. SO ADVANCED HARD AND SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB New nanocrystalline, multicomponent extremely soft magnetic materials with superior high temperature magnetic properties hold great promise in power applications. Fabricated in ribbon form by rapid solidification methods, the initial material is amorphous. By controlled annealing procedures, the amorphous material was transformed into a nanocrystalline form with the degree of crystallinity determined by the annealing temperature and time. The magnetic structures of ribbons, as-fabricated and annealed at temperatures from 550 to 750 degrees C were examined by magnetic force microscopy to determine the impact of residual stress and nanocrystallinity on the observed structure. A correlation was seen between the magnetic structures and surface microstructure. The wheel side of the as-processed ribbon was rougher than the top side of the ribbon and a complicated magnetic domain structure was present in the amorphous material. After annealing, nanocrystals formed, increasing in size with increasing temperature. The lowest temperature annealed sample had a bimodal grain size distribution and a combination of stripe and localized domains. After annealing little difference was seen between the two sides of the ribbons. Stripe domains were absent in the ribbons annealed at the highest temperatures. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hawley, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Willard, Matthew/A-8492-2009 OI Willard, Matthew/0000-0001-5052-8012 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-485-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 577 BP 531 EP 541 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP16T UT WOS:000084261000060 ER PT S AU Westmacott, KH Hinderberger, S Radetic, T Dahmen, U AF Westmacott, KH Hinderberger, S Radetic, T Dahmen, U BE Coey, M Lewis, LH Ma, BM Schrefl, T Schultz, L Fidler, J Harris, VG Hasegawa, R Inoue, A McHenry, M TI PVD growth of FCC metal films on single crystal Si and Ge substrates SO ADVANCED HARD AND SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; INTERFACE; HETEROEPITAXY; BICRYSTALS; ALUMINUM; SILICON AB Epitaxial films of the fee metals Al, Au, Ag and Ni were grown by physical vapor deposition on Si and Ge (111), (110) and (100) substrates at different deposition temperatures. The epitaxial relationships and morphological features of these films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and diffraction in plan view and cross section. Ag formed single crystal films on all substrates at all temperatures. Au and Al could be grown as bicrystals, and under some conditions, Al and Ni grew as tricrystal films. The morphological effects of diffusion at the metal/substrate interface are ascribed to diffusion induced grain boundary migration. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Westmacott, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-485-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 577 BP 583 EP 592 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP16T UT WOS:000084261000067 ER PT S AU Wilcoxon, JP Samara, GA Provencio, PP AF Wilcoxon, JP Samara, GA Provencio, PP BE Cahay, M Bandyopadhyay, S Lockwood, DJ Koshida, N Leburton, JP Meyyappan, M Sakamoto, T TI Absorbance and photoluminesence of Si, Ge, and MoS2 nanoparticles studied by liquid chromatography. SO ADVANCED LUMINESCENT MATERIALS AND QUANTUM CONFINEMENT SE Electrochemical Society Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Luminescent Materials and Quantum Confinement, at the 196th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 18-20, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Natl Sci Fdn, USA Res Off ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; QUANTUM DOTS; NANOCLUSTERS; TEMPERATURE; SILICON AB We have successfully synthesized highly crystalline, size-selected indirect band-gap nanocrystals (NC) of Si, Ge and MoS2 in the size range 2-10 nm in inverse micelles and studied their optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) properties using liquid chromatography. Room temperature, visible FL from these nanocrystals was demonstrated in the range 700-350 nm (1.8 - 3.5 eV). Our experimental results are interpreted in terms of the corresponding electronic structure of the bulk materials and it is demonstrated that these nanocrystals retain bulk-like electronic character to sizes as small as 2 nm, but the absorbance energies are strongly blue-shifted by quantum confinement. Our experimental results on Si-NCs are also compared to earlier work on Si clusters grown by other techniques and to the predictions of various model calculations. Currently, the wide variations in the theoretical predictions of the various models along with considerable uncertainties in experimental size determination for clusters less than 3-4 nm, make it difficult to select the best model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1152, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilcoxon, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1152, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 0275-0171 BN 1-56677-245-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 22 BP 225 EP 239 PG 15 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BN84W UT WOS:000083176000022 ER PT S AU Song, XD Swanson, BI AF Song, XD Swanson, BI BE Fallahi, M Swanson, BI TI Resonant energy transfer based biosensor for detection of multivalent proteins SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Materials and Optical Systems for Chemical and Biological Detection CY SEP 21-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Los Almos Natl Lab, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Div Opt Sci DE biosensor; fluorescence resonant energy transfer; multivalent interaction; cholera toxin; ganglioside GM1; signal transduction ID COLORIMETRIC DETECTION; TOXINS AB We have developed a new fluorescence-based biosensor for sensitive detection of species involved in a multivalent interaction. The biosensor system utilizes specific interactions between proteins and cell surface receptors, which trigger a receptor aggregation process. Distance-dependent fluorescence self-quenching and resonan fluorescence energy transfer (RFET) mechanisms were coupled with a multivalent interaction to probe the receptor aggregation process, providing a sensitive and specific signal transduction method for such a binding event. The fluorescence change induced by the aggregation process can be monitored by different instrument platforms, e.g. fluorimetry and flow cytometry. In this article, a sensitive detection of pentavalent cholera toxin which recognizes ganglioside GM1 has been demonstrated through the resonant energy transfer scheme, which can achieve a double color change simultaneously. A detection sensitivity as high as 10 pM has been achieved within a few minutes (c.a. 5 minutes). The simultaneous double color change (an increase of acceptor fluorescence and a decrease of donor fluorescence intensity) of two similar fluorescent probes provides particularly high detection reliability owing to the fact that they act as each other's internal reference. Any external perturbation such as environmental temperature change causes no significant change in signal generation. Besides the application for biological sensing, the method also provides a useful tool for investigation of kinetics and thermodynamics of a multivalent interaction. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Song, XD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3451-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3858 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.372905 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BP39Q UT WOS:000084986400001 ER PT S AU Singh, AK Gupta, A Mulchandani, A Chen, W Bhatia, RB Schoeniger, JS Ashley, CS Brinker, CJ AF Singh, AK Gupta, A Mulchandani, A Chen, W Bhatia, RB Schoeniger, JS Ashley, CS Brinker, CJ BE Fallahi, M Swanson, BI TI Encapsulation of enzymes and cells in sol-gel matrices for biosensor applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Materials and Optical Systems for Chemical and Biological Detection CY SEP 21-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Los Almos Natl Lab, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Div Opt Sci DE biosensor; immunoassay; TNT; organophosphate; sol-gel; organophosphorous hydrolase ID RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GLASS AB Porous silicate materials made by low temperature sol-gel process are promising host matrices for encapsulation of biomolecules. Their mechanical strength, chemical inertness, hydrophile nature, and above all, their optical transparency makes them an exciting platform for development of biosensors. To date, researchers have focussed on sol-gel routes using alkoxides for encapsulation of biomolecules. However, formation of alcohol as a byproduct is an undesired complication as it can have detrimental effect on the activity of entrapped biomolecules. We have developed a never sol-gel process to encapsulate biological molecules (such as enzymes, antibodies and cells) that uses neutral pH, room temperature, and does not generate alcohol as a byproduct. The process uses sodium silicate as precursor and is carried out in two steps- preparation of a low pH silicate sol followed by gelation at neutral pH in a buffer containing biomolecules. We developed a novel homogeneous immunoassay for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and have encapsulated the immunoassay reagents in sor-ger matrices to produce dispersible biosensors for the detection of TNT. Using the sol-ger doped with immunoassay reagents, we can detect TNT at low ppm levels. We also report encapsulation of E. Coli cells expressing the enzyme organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH) on the cell surface in sol-gel matrices. The cell-doped sor-gel material can be used to develop biosensors for detection of organophosphates. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Mulchandani, Ashok/B-9692-2016 OI Mulchandani, Ashok/0000-0002-2831-4154 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3451-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3858 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.372912 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BP39Q UT WOS:000084986400002 ER PT S AU Chen, LH McBranch, D Whitten, D AF Chen, LH McBranch, D Whitten, D BE Fallahi, M Swanson, BI TI Super quenching behavior between a conjugated polymer and molecular quenchers and its application in biological/chemical sensors SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Materials and Optical Systems for Chemical and Biological Detection CY SEP 21-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Los Almos Natl Lab, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Div Opt Sci DE fluorescence quenching; conjugated polymer; biological sensor; chemical sensor ID FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOISOMERIZATION; DERIVATIVES; CHOLERAGEN; RECEPTORS; SITES AB The fluorescence of an ionic conjugated polymer can be efficiently quenched by the small molecular quenchers wherein one quencher molecule may quench the fluorescence of virtually an entire polymer chain. This leads to "static" Stern-Volmer quenching constants as high as 10(7) - 10(9) M-1. A new class of highly sensitive chemical and biological sensors has been developed based on this unique quenching phenomenon. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3451-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3858 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.372927 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BP39Q UT WOS:000084986400005 ER PT S AU Kelly, D Song, XD Frayer, D Mendes, SB Peghambaryian, N Swanson, BI Grace, KM AF Kelly, D Song, XD Frayer, D Mendes, SB Peghambaryian, N Swanson, BI Grace, KM BE Fallahi, M Swanson, BI TI Integrated optical toxin sensor SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Materials and Optical Systems for Chemical and Biological Detection CY SEP 21-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Los Almos Natl Lab, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Div Opt Sci DE biosensors; planar waveguides; fluorescence resonance energy transfer ID BIOSENSOR AB We have developed a method for simple and highly sensitive detection of multivalent proteins using an optical waveguide sensor. The optical biosensor is based on optically tagged glycolipid receptors imbedded within a fluid phospholipid bilayer membrane formed on the surface of a planar optical waveguide. The binding of multivalent toxin initiates a fluorescence resonance energy transfer resulting in a distinctive spectral signature that is monitored by measuring emitted luminescence above the waveguide surface. The sensor methodology is highly sensitive and specific, and requires no additional reagents or washing steps. Demonstration of the utility of protein-receptor recognition using planar optical waveguides is shown here by the detection of cholera toxin. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grace, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3451-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3858 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1117/12.372899 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BP39Q UT WOS:000084986400007 ER PT S AU Steinkamp, JA AF Steinkamp, JA BE Fallahi, M Swanson, BI TI Phase-sensitive flow cytometry: fluorescence lifetime-based sensing technology for analyzing free fluorophore and cells/particles labeled with fluorescent probes SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Materials and Optical Systems for Chemical and Biological Detection CY SEP 21-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Los Almos Natl Lab, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Div Opt Sci ID DEUTERIUM-OXIDE; CELLS; SIGNALS; DNA; FLUOROCHROMES; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS AB A phase-sensitive cytometer has been developed that combines flow cytometry and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy measurement principles to provide unique features for making frequency-domain lifetime measurements on free fluorophore (solution) and on fluorophore-labeled cells/particles in real time. No other instrument can quantify lifetimes directly and resolve heterogeneous fluorescence based on differences in lifetimes (expressed as phase shifts), while maintaining the capability to make conventional flow cytometric measurements. The technology has been characterized with respect to measurement precision, linearity, sensitivity, and dynamic range. Fluorescence lifetime distributions have been measured on autofluorescent lung cells, thymocytes labeled with antibody conjugated to fluorophores for studying fluorescence quenching as a function of antibody dilution and F/P ratio, cells stained with DNA-binding fluorochromes, and on particles labeled with fluorophores and free fluorophore (solution). Phase-resolved, fluorescence signal-intensity histograms have been recorded on thymocytes labeled with a phycoerythrin/Texas Red tandem conjugate and propidium iodide to demonstrate the resolution of signals from highly overlapping emission spectra. This technology adds a new dimension to flow analyses of free and cell/particle-bound fluorophore. Lifetimes can be used as spectroscopic probes to study the interaction of markers with their targets, each other, and the surrounding microenvironment. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinkamp, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3451-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3858 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1117/12.372911 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BP39Q UT WOS:000084986400018 ER PT B AU Stolken, JS King, WE Schwartz, AJ Campbell, GH Balooch, M AF Stolken, JS King, WE Schwartz, AJ Campbell, GH Balooch, M BE Chung, YW Dunand, DC Liaw, PK Olson, GB TI Analysis of anomalous slip in Ta single crystals using optical, atomic force, and orientation imaging microscopies SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: THE 1999 JULIA R WEERTMAN SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Julia R Weertman Symposium on Advanced Materials for the 21st Century at the 1999 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP TMS, Mech Behav Mat Comm, ASM ID TANTALUM AB High purity Ta single crystals oriented for single slip were deformed in compression at 300K and 77K. The sample deformed at 300K exhibited wavy glide whereas the sample deformed at 77K exhibited anomalous slip. Sharp load drops were recorded in the stress-strain curve of the sample tested at 77K. Previous work attributes such unloading events to either the formation of large deformation twins or to the anomalous slip process itself. Orientation imaging microscopy was applied to probe lattice rotations occurring as a result of deformation in an effort to detect the presence of large deformation twins, none were found. Optical and atomic force microscopies were applied to map the slip traces appearing on the sample surface. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the fine structure within the rather coarse anomalous slip bands is comprised of atomistic scale slip lines organized into packets. These slip packets appear to account for the "fine slip traces" often observed within anomalous slip bands. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stolken, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, L-356,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-455-0 PY 1999 BP 59 EP 70 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP03L UT WOS:000083946900006 ER PT B AU Stephens, JJ AF Stephens, JJ BE Chung, YW Dunand, DC Liaw, PK Olson, GB TI Tensile creep properties of the 50Au-50Cu braze alloy SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: THE 1999 JULIA R WEERTMAN SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Julia R Weertman Symposium on Advanced Materials for the 21st Century at the 1999 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP TMS, Mech Behav Mat Comm, ASM ID TEMPERATURE CREEP AB The 50Au-50Cu (wt.%) alloy is a solid-solution strengthened braze alloy used extensively in conventional, hermetic metal/ceramic brazing applications where low vapor pressure is a requirement. Typical metal/ceramic base materials would be Kovar(TM) alloy and metallized and Ni-plated 94% alumina ceramic. The elevated temperature mechanical properties are important for permitting FEA evaluation of residual stresses in metal/ceramic brazes given specific geometries and braze cooldown profiles. For material with an atomic composition of 76.084 at.% Cu, 23.916 Au (i.e., on the Cu-rich side of Cu3Au) that was annealed for 2 hr. at 750 degrees C and water quenched, a Garofalo sinh equation was found to adequately characterize the minimum strain rate data over the temperature range 450-850 degrees C. At lower temperatures (250 and 350 degrees C), a conventional power law equation was found to characterize the data. For samples held long periods of time at 375 degrees C (96 hrs.) and slowly cooled to room temperature, a slight strengthening reaction was observed: with the stress necessary to reach the same strain rate increasing by about 15% above the baseline annealed and quenched data. X-ray diffraction indicates that the 96 hr at 375 degrees C + slow cool condition does indeed order. The microhardness of the ordered samples indicates a value of 94.5 VHN, compared to 93.7 VHN for the baseline annealed and quenched (disordered FCC) samples. From a brazing perspective, the relative sluggishness of this ordering reaction does not appear to pose a problem for braze joints cooled at reasonable rates following brazing. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Joining Dept 1833, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stephens, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Joining Dept 1833, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-455-0 PY 1999 BP 117 EP 128 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP03L UT WOS:000083946900011 ER PT B AU Mitchell, TE Hirth, JP Peralta, P AF Mitchell, TE Hirth, JP Peralta, P BE Chung, YW Dunand, DC Liaw, PK Olson, GB TI A new double kink model for deformation in high temperature materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: THE 1999 JULIA R WEERTMAN SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Julia R Weertman Symposium on Advanced Materials for the 21st Century at the 1999 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP TMS, Mech Behav Mat Comm, ASM ID SAPPHIRE ALPHA-AL2O3; CRYSTALS; SPINEL AB A new double kink dislocation model is described. It explains the temperature dependence of the yield stress in materials such as oxides and intermetallics that require high temperatures for plastic flow. The major variation in the free energy for the formation of a double kink nucleus with stress is the kink-kink activation energy. However, there is also a stress dependence of the pre-exponential factor in the strain rate constitutive equation arising from kink diffusion. Numerical solution of the resulting equations shows that there are temperature regimes where the stress varies logarithmically either with temperature or with reciprocal temperature. The model explains quantitatively the temperature dependence of the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) on different slip systems for sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) and spinel (MgO.nAl(2)O(3), n greater than or equal to 1) in terms of different activation energies for kink diffusion on partial dislocations. The model can be modified to explain the rapid reduction in the CRSS of spinel with increasing n by incorporating enhanced kink nucleation and diffusion due to cation vacancies. This changes the activation energy and the strain-rate term and explains why the CRSS decreases as the inverse of the square of the cation vacancy concentration, as is observed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mitchell, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-455-0 PY 1999 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP03L UT WOS:000083946900013 ER PT B AU King, WE Kumar, M Schwartz, AJ AF King, WE Kumar, M Schwartz, AJ BE Chung, YW Dunand, DC Liaw, PK Olson, GB TI Triple junction distributions in polycrystals SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: THE 1999 JULIA R WEERTMAN SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Julia R Weertman Symposium on Advanced Materials for the 21st Century at the 1999 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP TMS, Mech Behav Mat Comm, ASM ID BOUNDARY-CHARACTER-DISTRIBUTION; ORIENTATION IMAGING MICROSCOPY; HIGH-PURITY NICKEL; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; INTERGRANULAR CORROSION; CRACKING; MISORIENTATION; ALLOYS; DISCLINATIONS; OPTIMIZATION AB Recently, it has been demonstrated that some material properties can be enhanced by grain boundary engineering, i.e., the systematic modifications in the topology of the microstructure through thermomechanical processing. Experimental observations have shown that the microstructural parameter likely responsible for improved properties is the grain boundary character distribution (GBCD). It has been suggested that improvements in the fractions of special boundaries as defined by the coincident site lattice model (1) are necessary, but not fully sufficient to cause property improvements. For example, it has been observed that cracks propagating along interconnected networks of random grain boundaries can be arrested (2) when intersecting a triple junction where the remaining two pathways are special boundaries. Therefore, it is of interest to characterize microstructures in terms of the distributions of triple junction types. A simple method to describe a triple junction is by the types of grain boundaries intersecting at that junction [special vs, random, as described by the coincident site lattice (CSL) model]. The distribution of 0-CSL, 1-CSL, 2-CSL and 3-CSL triple junctions in the microstructure can then be plotted as a function of the fraction of special boundaries. Such data has been collected using orientation-imaging microscopy (OIM) (3-5) for oxygen-free-electronic (ofe)-Cu and Inconel 600 over a range of special fraction of grain boundaries. These results have been compared with theoretical models considering isolated triple junctions and invoking the Sigma-product rule (6) where Sigma is the inverse density of coincident lattice sites (7). C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP King, WE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-455-0 PY 1999 BP 231 EP 239 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP03L UT WOS:000083946900021 ER PT B AU Kung, H Sanders, PG Weertman, JR AF Kung, H Sanders, PG Weertman, JR BE Chung, YW Dunand, DC Liaw, PK Olson, GB TI Transmission electron microscopy characterization of nanocrystalline copper SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: THE 1999 JULIA R WEERTMAN SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Julia R Weertman Symposium on Advanced Materials for the 21st Century at the 1999 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP TMS, Mech Behav Mat Comm, ASM ID CU; PALLADIUM; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; CREEP; PD AB The microstructure and grain boundary structure of nanocrystalline Cu powders and a compact prepared by the inert-gas condensation technique have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The as-prepared particles are round in shape and have no distinct surface facets. Annealing twins (coherent Sigma 3 boundaries) have been observed in the as-prepared Cu particles as well as in the compact. Pores are commonly found at grain boundaries, triple grain junctions and some in the interior of grains in the compact. In addition to twin boundaries, a number of special grain boundaries have been observed. These special grain boundaries have low-index interface planes, and sometimes have misorientation angles close to coincidence site lattice (CSL) orientations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kung, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-455-0 PY 1999 BP 455 EP 463 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP03L UT WOS:000083946900041 ER PT B AU Jiang, HG Zhu, YT Alexandrov, IV Lowe, TC Valiev, RZ AF Jiang, HG Zhu, YT Alexandrov, IV Lowe, TC Valiev, RZ BE Chung, YW Dunand, DC Liaw, PK Olson, GB TI Characterization of SPTS-processed ultrafine grained Cu SO ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: THE 1999 JULIA R WEERTMAN SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Julia R Weertman Symposium on Advanced Materials for the 21st Century at the 1999 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP TMS, Mech Behav Mat Comm, ASM ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; HALL-PETCH RELATIONSHIP; AL-MG ALLOY; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; NANOPHASE MATERIALS; CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; COPPER AB Coarse-grained copper was subject to severe plastic torsional straining (SPTS) and thermal treatment to study the effects of increasing amounts of deformation and subsequent annealing on the evolution of microstructure and microhardness. Cellular subgrains with low-angle grain boundaries were first formed at low strain. Some of the low-angle grain boundaries transformed to high-angle grain boundaries at higher strains, refining the average grain size from 200 mu m to 150 nm. High internal stress and nonequilibrium grain boundaries were observed in unannealed samples. Annealing previously deformed samples at temperatures as low as 50 degrees C decreased the microhardness, indicating a very low thermal stability of the deformation induced microstructures. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed an exothermic peak between 180 and 280 degrees C. Calculation of the energy released suggests that the peak was caused by both recrystallization and recovery processes. Annealing twins were also formed during recrystallization. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jiang, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-455-0 PY 1999 BP 487 EP 497 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP03L UT WOS:000083946900044 ER PT S AU Starbuck, JM AF Starbuck, JM BE Green, J Howell, DD TI Stress analysis of laminated composite cylinders under non-axisymmetric loading SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES PREPARING FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st International SAMPE Technical Conference on Advanced Materials and Processes Preparing for the New Millennium CY OCT 26-30, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL DE anisotropic elasticity; composite materials; stress analysis AB The use of thick-walled composite cylinders in structural applications has seen tremendous growth over the last decade. Applications include pressure vessels, flywheels, drive shafts, spoolable tubing, and production risers. In these applications, the geometry of a composite cylinder is axisymmetric but in many cases the applied loads are non-axisymmetric and more rigorous analytical tools are required for an accurate stress analysis. A closed-form solution is presented for determining the layer-by-layer stresses, strains, and displacements and first-ply failure in laminated composite cylinders subjected to non-axisymmetric loads. The applied toads include internal and external pressure, axial force, torque, axial bending moment, uniform temperature change, rotational velocity, and interference fits. The formulation is based on the theory of anisotropic elasticity and a state of generalized plane deformation along the axis of the composite cylinder. Parametric design trade studies can be easily and quickly computed using this closed-form solution A computer program that was developed for performing the numerical calculations is described and results from specific case studies are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Starbuck, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Starbuck, James/E-1442-2017 OI Starbuck, James/0000-0002-3814-9156 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-85-9 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 1999 VL 31 BP 604 EP 615 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP22M UT WOS:000084441300055 ER PT S AU Allendorf, SW Ottesen, DK Hahn, DW Kulp, TJ Goers, UB AF Allendorf, SW Ottesen, DK Hahn, DW Kulp, TJ Goers, UB BE DeGroot, WA TI Optical sensors for process control and emissions monitoring in industry SO ADVANCED SENSORS AND MONITORS FOR PROCESS INDUSTRIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Sensors and Monitors for Process Industries and the Environment CY NOV 04-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE tunable diode laser; spectroscopy; laser spark spectroscopy; periodically-poled lithium niobate; steelmaking; incineration; continuous emissions monitors; process control ID METALS AB Laser-based sensors, currently under development and testing at Sandia National Laboratories for process control, emissions monitoring, and pollution prevention, are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Allendorf, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9052, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2996-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3535 BP 2 EP 13 DI 10.1117/12.337455 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM50K UT WOS:000078906900001 ER PT S AU Benson, DK Tracy, CE Hishmeh, GA Ciszek, PE Lee, SH Haberman, DP AF Benson, DK Tracy, CE Hishmeh, GA Ciszek, PE Lee, SH Haberman, DP BE DeGroot, WA TI Low-cost, fiber-optic hydrogen gas detector using guided-wave, surface-plasmon resonance in chemochromic thin films SO ADVANCED SENSORS AND MONITORS FOR PROCESS INDUSTRIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Sensors and Monitors for Process Industries and the Environment CY NOV 04-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE fiber-optic; hydrogen; sensor; thin-film; surface-plasmon resonance; chemochromic; tungsten oxide; yttrium hydride AB Low-cost, hydrogen-gas-leak detectors are needed for many hydrogen applications, such as hydrogen-fueled vehicles where several detectors may be required in different locations on each vehicle. A fiber-optic leak detector could be inherently safer than conventional detectors, because it would remove all detector electronics from the vicinity of potential leaks. It would also provide freedom from electromagnetic interference, a serious problem in fuel-cell-powered electric vehicles. This paper describes the design of a fiber-optic, surface-plasmon-resonance hydrogen detector, and efforts to make it more sensitive, selective, and durable. Chemochromic materials, such as tungsten oxide and certain Lanthanide hydrides, can reversibly react with hydrogen in air while exhibiting significant changes in their optical properties. Thin films of these materials applied to a sensor at the end of an optical fiber have been used to detect low concentrations of hydrogen gas in air. The coatings include a thin silver layer in which the surface plasmon is generated, a thin film of the chemochromic material, and a catalytic layer of palladium that facilitates the reaction with hydrogen. The film thickness is chosen to produce a guided-surface plasmon wave along the interface between the silver and the chemochromic material. A dichroic beam-splitter separates the reflected spectrum into a portion near the resonance and a portion away from the resonance, and directs these two portions to two separate photodiodes. The electronic ratio of these two signals cancels most of the fiber transmission noise and provides a stable hydrogen signal. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Benson, DK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2996-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3535 BP 185 EP 202 DI 10.1117/12.337465 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM50K UT WOS:000078906900019 ER PT S AU Benterou, JJ Berzins, LV Sharma, MN AF Benterou, JJ Berzins, LV Sharma, MN BE DeGroot, WA TI Group velocity delay spectroscopy technique for industrial monitoring of electron beam induced vapors SO ADVANCED SENSORS AND MONITORS FOR PROCESS INDUSTRIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Sensors and Monitors for Process Industries and the Environment CY NOV 04-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE group velocity delay spectroscopy; optical beat signal; optical heterodyne; index of refraction; laser absorption spectroscopy; external cavity diode laser (ECDL); electron bean vaporization; vapor density; vapor phase manufacturing; process control AB Spectroscopic techniques are ideal for characterization and process control of electron beam generated vapor plumes. Absorption based techniques work well for a wide variety of applications, but are difficult to apply to optically dense or opaque vapor plumes. We describe an approach for monitoring optically dense vapor plumes that is based on measuring the group velocity delay of a laser beam near an optical transition to determine the vapor density. This technique has a larger dynamic range than absorption spectroscopy. We describe our progress towards a robust system to monitor aluminum vaporization in an industrial environment. Aluminum was chosen because of its prevalence in high performance aircraft alloys, In these applications, composition control of the alloy constituents is critical to the deposition process. Data is presented demonstrating the superior dynamic range of the measurement. In addition, preliminary data demonstrating aluminum vapor rate control in an electron beam evaporator is presented. Alternative applications where this technique could be, useful are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Benterou, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-579, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2996-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3535 BP 266 EP 275 DI 10.1117/12.337473 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM50K UT WOS:000078906900027 ER PT B AU Telschow, KL Deason, VA Schley, RS Watson, SM AF Telschow, KL Deason, VA Schley, RS Watson, SM BE Brusey, BW Bussiere, JF Moreau, A Dubois, M TI Material property measurement of metallic parts using the INEEL laser ultrasonic camera SO ADVANCED SENSORS FOR METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Sensors for Metals Processing held at the 38th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Mat Fabricat & Proc Sect, Met Soc, Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Iron & Steel Sect, Met Soc ID CRYSTALS AB Ultrasonic waves form a useful nondestructive evaluation (NDE) probe for determining physical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of materials and parts. Noncontacting laser ultrasonic methods are desired for remote measurements and on-line manufacture process monitoring. Researchers at the Idaho National Engineering & Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) have developed a versatile new method for detection of ultrasonic motion at surfaces. This method directly images, without the need for scanning, the surface distribution of subnanometer ultrasonic motion. By eliminating the need for scanning over large areas or complex parts, the inspection process can be greatly speeded up. Examples include measurements on parts with complex geometries through resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and of the properties of sheet materials determined through anisotropic elastic Lamb wave propagation. The operation and capabilities of the INEEL Laser Ultrasonic Camera are described along with measurement results. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Telschow, KL (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RI Schley, Robert/B-9124-2017 OI Schley, Robert/0000-0001-8907-6535 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN INST MINING, METALLURGY AND PETROLEUM PI MONTREAL PA XEROX TOWER, 1 PLACE ALEXIS NIHON, 1210-3400 DE MAISONNEUVE BLVD, MONTREAL, PQ H3Z 3B8, CANADA BN 0-919086-92-6 PY 1999 BP 29 EP 40 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BR12U UT WOS:000165711200004 ER PT B AU Ottesen, D Allendorf, S Ludowise, P Hardesty, D Miller, T Goldstein, D Smith, C Bonin, M AF Ottesen, D Allendorf, S Ludowise, P Hardesty, D Miller, T Goldstein, D Smith, C Bonin, M BE Brusey, BW Bussiere, JF Moreau, A Dubois, M TI A laser-based sensor for measurement of off-gas composition and temperature in basic oxygen steelmaking SO ADVANCED SENSORS FOR METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Sensors for Metals Processing held at the 38th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Mat Fabricat & Proc Sect, Met Soc, Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Iron & Steel Sect, Met Soc AB We are developing an optical sensor for process control in basic oxygen steelmaking. The sensor measures gas temperature and relative CO/CO2 concentration ratios in the furnace off-gas by transmitting the laser probe beam directly above the furnace lip and below the exhaust hood during oxygen blowing. Dynamic off-gas information is being evaluated for optimizing variables such as lance height, oxygen flow, post-combustion control, and prediction of final melt-carbon content. The non-invasive nature of the optical sensor renders it robust and relatively maintenance-free, Additional potential applications of the method are process control for electric are furnace and bottom-blown oxygen steelmaking processes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ottesen, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN INST MINING, METALLURGY AND PETROLEUM PI MONTREAL PA XEROX TOWER, 1 PLACE ALEXIS NIHON, 1210-3400 DE MAISONNEUVE BLVD, MONTREAL, PQ H3Z 3B8, CANADA BN 0-919086-92-6 PY 1999 BP 253 EP 264 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BR12U UT WOS:000165711200024 ER PT B AU Walter, JB Telschow, KL Haun, RE AF Walter, JB Telschow, KL Haun, RE BE Brusey, BW Bussiere, JF Moreau, A Dubois, M TI Laser acoustic molten metal depth sensing in titanium SO ADVANCED SENSORS FOR METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Sensors for Metals Processing held at the 38th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Mat Fabricat & Proc Sect, Met Soc, Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Iron & Steel Sect, Met Soc ID ULTRASONIC GENERATION AB A noncontacting ultrasonic method has been investigated for probing the solidification front in molten titanium for the purposes of profiling the channel depth in a plasma hearth remelter. The method, known as Laser Ultrasonics, utilized a pulsed laser for generation of ultrasonic waves at the surface of a molten metal pool. The ultrasonic waves propagated into the liquid titanium reflected from the solidification front and the boundaries of the solid plug. A Fabry-Perot interferometer, driven by a second laser, demodulated the small displacements caused by the ultrasonic wave motion at the liquid surface. The method and results of measurements taken within a small research plasma melting furnace will be described. Successful results were obtained even directly beneath the plasma are using this all optical approach. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Walter, JB (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN INST MINING, METALLURGY AND PETROLEUM PI MONTREAL PA XEROX TOWER, 1 PLACE ALEXIS NIHON, 1210-3400 DE MAISONNEUVE BLVD, MONTREAL, PQ H3Z 3B8, CANADA BN 0-919086-92-6 PY 1999 BP 265 EP 274 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BR12U UT WOS:000165711200025 ER PT B AU Beshears, DL Allison, SW Andrews, WH Cates, MR Grann, EB Manges, WW McIntyre, TJ Scudiere, MB Simpson, ML Childs, RM Vehec, J Zhang, L AF Beshears, DL Allison, SW Andrews, WH Cates, MR Grann, EB Manges, WW McIntyre, TJ Scudiere, MB Simpson, ML Childs, RM Vehec, J Zhang, L BE Brusey, BW Bussiere, JF Moreau, A Dubois, M TI Application of phosphor thermometry to a galvanneal temperature measurement system SO ADVANCED SENSORS FOR METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Sensors for Metals Processing held at the 38th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Mat Fabricat & Proc Sect, Met Soc, Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Iron & Steel Sect, Met Soc AB The Galvanneal Temperature Measurement System (GTMS) was developed for the American Iron and Steel Institute by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory through a partnership with the National Steel Midwest Division in Portage, Indiana. The GTMS provides crucial on-line thermal process control information during the manufacturing of galvanneal steel. The system has been used with the induction furnaces to measure temperatures ranging from 840 to 1292 degreesF with an accuracy of better than +/-9 degreesF. The GTMS provides accurate, reliable temperature information thus ensuring st high quality product, reducing waste, and saving energy. The production of uniform, high-quality galvanneal steel is only possible through strict temperature control. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beshears, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN INST MINING, METALLURGY AND PETROLEUM PI MONTREAL PA XEROX TOWER, 1 PLACE ALEXIS NIHON, 1210-3400 DE MAISONNEUVE BLVD, MONTREAL, PQ H3Z 3B8, CANADA BN 0-919086-92-6 PY 1999 BP 357 EP 368 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BR12U UT WOS:000165711200032 ER PT S AU Caffrey, M Szymanski, JJ Begtrup, A Layne, J Nelson, T Robinson, S Salazar, A Theiler, J AF Caffrey, M Szymanski, JJ Begtrup, A Layne, J Nelson, T Robinson, S Salazar, A Theiler, J BE Luk, FT TI High performance signal and image processing for remote sensing using reconfigurable computers SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES,AND IMPLEMENTATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations IX CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE reconfigurable computing; FPGA; matched filter; multispectral analysis AB It is not uncommon for remote sensing systems to produce in excess of 100 Mbytes/sec. Los Alamos National Laboratory designed a reconfigurable computer to tackle the signal and image processing challenges of high bandwidth sensors. Reconfigurable computing, based on field programmable gate arrays, offers ten to one hundred times the performance of traditional microprocessors for certain algorithms. This paper discusses the architecture of the computer and the source of performance gains, as well as an example application. The calculation of multiple matched filters applied to multispectral imagery, showing a performance advantage of forty-five over Pentium II (450 MHz), is presented as an exemplar of algorithms appropriate for this technology. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Caffrey, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D440, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3293-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3807 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.367629 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BP45Z UT WOS:000085205800015 ER PT S AU Marshall, C Erlandson, A Horvath, J Jancaitis, K Larson, D Lawson, J Manes, K Moor, E Payne, S Pedrotti, L Rotter, M Sutton, S Zapata, L Beullier, J Grebot, E Guenet, J Guenet, M LeTouze, G Maille, X Mengue, T Seznec, S AF Marshall, C Erlandson, A Horvath, J Jancaitis, K Larson, D Lawson, J Manes, K Moor, E Payne, S Pedrotti, L Rotter, M Sutton, S Zapata, L Beullier, J Grebot, E Guenet, J Guenet, M LeTouze, G Maille, X Mengue, T Seznec, S BE Fejer, MM Injeyan, H Keller, U TI Design and performance of the main amplifier system for the National Ignition Facility SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB This paper describes the design and performance of flashlamp-pumped, Nd:glass. Brewster-angle slab amplifiers intended to be deployed in the National Ignition Facility (NIF). To verify performance, we tested a full-size, three-slab-long, NIT prototype amplifier, which we believe to be the largest flashlamp-pumped Nd:glass amplifier ever assembled. Like the NIF amplifier design, this prototype amplifier had eight 40-cm-square apertures combined in a four-aperture-high by two-aperture-wide matrix. Specially-shaped reflectors, anti-reflective coatings on the blastshields, and preionized flashlamps were used to increase storage efficiency. Cooling gas was flowed over the flashlamps to remove waste pump heat and to accelerate thermal wavefront recovery. The prototype gain results are consistent with model predictions and provide high confidence in the final engineering design of the NIF amplifiers. Although the dimensions, internal positions, and shapes of the components in the NIF amplifiers will be slightly different from the prototype, these differences are small and should produce only slight differences in amplifier performance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marshall, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-583-8 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 1999 VL 26 BP 24 EP 34 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT71N UT WOS:000173833200006 ER PT S AU Honea, EC Beach, RJ Mitchell, SC Avizonis, PV AF Honea, EC Beach, RJ Mitchell, SC Avizonis, PV BE Fejer, MM Injeyan, H Keller, U TI High brightness Yb : YAG Q-switched laser SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID SOLID-STATE LASERS; DIODE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Honea, EC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-441, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-583-8 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 1999 VL 26 BP 35 EP 37 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT71N UT WOS:000173833200007 ER PT S AU Alford, WJ Raymond, TD Crawford, MH Allerman, AA AF Alford, WJ Raymond, TD Crawford, MH Allerman, AA BE Fejer, MM Injeyan, H Keller, U TI Intracavity frequency doubling of an optically-pumped, external-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Laser Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alford, WJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Laser Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-583-8 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 1999 VL 26 BP 74 EP 76 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT71N UT WOS:000173833200015 ER PT S AU Patel, FD Honea, EC Krol, D Payne, SA Hayden, JS AF Patel, FD Honea, EC Krol, D Payne, SA Hayden, JS BE Fejer, MM Injeyan, H Keller, U TI A diode-pumped channel waveguide laser fabricated in Nd : phosphate glass SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID WAVE-GUIDE LASERS; OPERATION AB We report on the laser performance of a Nd:phosphate glass (Nd:IOG-1) channel waveguide laser fabricated by electric field assisted Ag+ diffusion. Lasing was achieved in two different size channels. 29 x 9 mum(2) and 50 x 9 mum(2), on a sample of length 8 mm. Slope efficiencies of similar to 15% with respect to incident pump power were measured. Losses in the 29 um wide channel were measured to be in the range 0.2 - 1.1 dB/cm and in the 50 gm channel, 0.2 - 0.4 dB/cm. The laser spectrum, centered about the emission peak of 1053 nm, was multimode and randomly polarized. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Patel, FD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-482, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-583-8 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 1999 VL 26 BP 172 EP 176 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT71N UT WOS:000173833200038 ER PT S AU Adams, JJ Bibeau, C Page, RH Payne, SA AF Adams, JJ Bibeau, C Page, RH Payne, SA BE Fejer, MM Injeyan, H Keller, U TI Tunable laser action at 4.0 microns from Fe : ZnSe SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID ZINC CHALCOGENIDES AB The spectroscopic properties of Fe:ZnSe were investigated and 4 micron lasing action was demonstrated for the first time at sub-ambient temperatures. Using an Er:YAG laser as a pump source, the Fe:ZnSe laser produced output energies of 8 muJ/pulse with pulse lengths of 48 mus at a repetition rate of 100 Hz. The output wavelength varied with temperature from 3.98 mum at 14 K to 4.54 mum at 180 K. A slope efficiency of 6.7% at 130 K was obtained. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Adams, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mailcode L-482,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-583-8 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 1999 VL 26 BP 435 EP 440 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT71N UT WOS:000173833200085 ER PT S AU Nostrand, MC Page, RH Payne, SA Krupke, WF Schunemann, PG Isaenko, LI AF Nostrand, MC Page, RH Payne, SA Krupke, WF Schunemann, PG Isaenko, LI BE Fejer, MM Injeyan, H Keller, U TI Room temperature CaGa2S4 : Dy3+ laser action at 2.43 and 4.31 mu m and KPb2Cl5 : Dy3+ laser action at 2.43 mu m SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB In a previous report(1) we discussed the potential for two non-hygroscopic solid-state crystals as new hosts for Dy3+ lasers in the mid-IR (2-10 mum) at room temperature. In this paper, we report such laser action at 2.43 and 4.31 mum in CaGa2S4:Dy3+, and at 2.43 mum in KPb2Cl5:Dy3+. Slope efficiencies of 2.7% and 1.6%, respectively, were achieved for the sulfide crystal and 2.2% for the chloride crystal. Findlay-Clay analysis obtained losses of 3.9%, 0.9% and 1.2%, respectively. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nostrand, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-482, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Isaenko, Ludmila/H-7620-2013; Isaenko, Ludmila/A-5272-2014 NR 10 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-583-8 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 1999 VL 26 BP 441 EP 449 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT71N UT WOS:000173833200086 ER PT S AU Smith, AV Gehr, RJ Bowers, MS AF Smith, AV Gehr, RJ Bowers, MS BE Fejer, MM Injeyan, H Keller, U TI Numerical models of broad bandwidth nanosecond optical parametric oscillators SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing 1128, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing 1128, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-583-8 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 1999 VL 26 BP 572 EP 574 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT71N UT WOS:000173833200110 ER PT S AU Bayramian, A Bibeau, C Schaffers, K Lawson, J Marshall, C Payne, S Morris, R AF Bayramian, A Bibeau, C Schaffers, K Lawson, J Marshall, C Payne, S Morris, R BE Fejer, MM Injeyan, H Keller, U TI Development of ytterbium doped Sr-5(PO4)(3)F for the Mercury Laser project SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY JAN 31-FEB 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB Recent developments in crystal growth, including bulk homogeneity and interferometry, as well as experimental measurement and modeling of the gain saturation of Yb3+:Sr-5(PO4)(3)F are covered. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bayramian, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-482, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-583-8 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 1999 VL 26 BP 635 EP 641 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT71N UT WOS:000173833200124 ER PT S AU Golchert, B Chang, SL Petrick, M AF Golchert, B Chang, SL Petrick, M BE Arastoopour, H TI Investigation of particle/gas flow characteristics in long pipelines SO ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLUID-PARTICLE SYSTEMS SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AICHE Annual Meeting CY NOV 15-20, 1998 CL MIAMI, FL SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers ID GAS-SOLID FLOWS AB There is a growing need by the industry to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes as a tool to improve the operating efficiency or to meet stringent environmental regulations. A successful CFD simulation can provide detailed information on a flow system based on limited experimental data. Using this information, the effects of the operating conditions on the performance of the system can be evaluated to seek optimal operating conditions. Recently, the refinery, chemical, and glass industries identified the CFD capability as a critical area for technological advancement, Many energy conversion processes such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactors, coal-fired combustors, jet engines, and internal combustion engines involve multiphase reacting flows, This type of flow is one of the most difficult to simulate with a CFD code because of the severe numerical problems that often arise out of interfacial interactions with the primary flow hydrodynamics. Currently, many industrial processes my be improved and their operation better understood by the application of a CFD code, One such process is the conveyance of pulverized coal. The long pipeline of a blast furnace sometimes suffers from particle pile up problems, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has used a CFD code to study the particle pile up problem in such a system. ANL has successfully developed a multiphase reacting flow computer code, This code was developed in several versions for various applications such as FCC riser reactors, coal-fired combustors, and diesel spray combustion. A version of the code is called ICRKFLO which has been validated by comparisons with available experimental data and used to evaluate the performance of several multiphase flow systems. For this particular problem, ICRKFLO solves conservation equations of general flow properties for multiple phases: gaseous species, and solid particles. Phenomenological models were developed to represent major flow processes including turbulence, interfacial drag, and solid-particle interactions. The ICRKFLO code can be applied to general multiphase reacting flows and to non-reacting flows. In this paper, ICRKFLO was used to predict gas/solid flow characteristics in the long pipeline system. The discussion will focus on the prediction of the gas/solid flow characteristics for the pulverized coal transfer lines of a blast furnace. The local gas and solid velocity profiles, the local particle loading, and the local pressure drop are some of the characteristics that are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Golchert, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0815-X J9 AICHE SYM S PY 1999 VL 95 IS 321 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Chemical; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BT47X UT WOS:000173100700004 ER PT S AU Vaubert, VM Stinton, DP Hirschfeld, DA AF Vaubert, VM Stinton, DP Hirschfeld, DA BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP TI Oxidation resistant coatings for ceramic matrix composite components SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; HOT CORROSION; 1000-DEGREES-C AB Corrosion resistant Cs0.6Mg0.4Zr4(PO4)(6) (CMZP) and Ca0.5Sr0.5Zr4(PO4)(6) (CS-50) coatings for fiber-reinforced SiC-matrix composite heat exchanger tubes have been developed. Aqueous slurries of both oxides were prepared with high solids loading. One coating process consisted of dipping the samples in a slip. A tape casting process has also been created that produced relatively thin and dense coatings covering a large area. A processing technique was developed, utilizing a pre-sintering step, which produced coatings with minimal cracking. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vaubert, VM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 4515,MS-6063, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-059-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 96 BP 27 EP 38 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN02T UT WOS:000080431200003 ER PT S AU Unal, O Bansal, NP AF Unal, O Bansal, NP BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP TI Temperature dependency of strength of a unidirectional Sic fiber-reinforced (BaSr)Al2Si2O8 celsian composite SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID PHASE AB Temperature dependency of strength of a high Nicalon-(BaSr)Al2Si2O8 (BSAS) celsian composite was studied between room temperature and 1100 degrees C by the three-point bend test. Test results showed that there is a definite transition in the failure mode with temperature. Up to about 800 degrees C, tensile was the dominant failure mode. Above 800 degrees C, however, the shear failure became prominent. It was shown that mode shift and rapid degradation of shear strength is due to the softening of the untransformed glassy phase in microstructure. The failure mode also exhibited a strong dependency on the L/h ratio of test specimen; large Lih ratio favored the tensile failure, while small L/h ratio promoted the shear failure. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Unal, O (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-059-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 96 BP 135 EP 147 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN02T UT WOS:000080431200012 ER PT S AU Lewinsohn, CA Henager, CH Jones, RH AF Lewinsohn, CA Henager, CH Jones, RH BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP TI Environmentally-induced failure mechanism mapping for continuous-fiber, ceramic composites. SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; STRESS-RUPTURE; CRACK-GROWTH; NICALON; EMBRITTLEMENT; OXIDATION; CARBON; AIR AB Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are considered for a variety of applications because they possess tolerance to flaws and they do not fail catastrophically. Crack propogation in these materials is controlled by the presence of fibers that bridge crack faces. Removal of the fiber bridging stresses can occur by a variety of environmentally induced mechanisms. These mechanisms, and the effects that they have on subcritical crack growth and residual toughness of CMCs, will be discussed. The results of an experimental investigation of the conditions under which interface removal or oxidation embrittlement of the bridging fibers controls the rate of subcritical crack growth will be used to construct a failure mechanism map. The failure mechanism maps illustrate regions of temperature and oxygen concentration where each crack growth mechanism operates. It will be shown that temperature and oxygen concentration are key parameters in determining the crack growth mechanism. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lewinsohn, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-059-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 96 BP 351 EP 359 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN02T UT WOS:000080431200031 ER PT S AU Lewinsohn, CA Serizawa, H Johnston, DE Youngblood, GE Jones, RH Kohyama, A AF Lewinsohn, CA Serizawa, H Johnston, DE Youngblood, GE Jones, RH Kohyama, A BE Singh, JP Bansal, NP TI High-temperature mechanical properties of advanced Nicalon fibers and their relationship to composite failure SO ADVANCES IN CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; PASSIVE-OXIDATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; STRESS-RUPTURE; STRENGTH; KINETICS; CARBON; LENGTH; AIR AB Ceramic matrix composites, reinforced by small diameter (<20 mu m) ceramic fibers, posses a combination of flaw tolerance and non-catastrophic failure modes, in addition to desirable (thermal) properties of monolithic ceramics. Not only the fast-fracture strength, but also environmentally-induced subcritical crack growth may be controlled by the strength of the reinforcing fibers. Under certain conditions of temperature and environment, oxidation of fibers that bridge matrix cracks can lead to embrittlement and subcritical crack growth. Extensive research and development has lead to small diameter silicon carbide fibers with low oxygen content and nearly stoichiometric compositions. In this research, to examine the effects of oxidation on the strength of one such fiber, Hi-Nicalon Type S, for reinforcement of ceramic matrix composites, fiber tensile tests at high temperature and fiber oxidation tests at 1373 K were carried out. Hi-Nicalon fibers were also tested to compare with Hi-Nicalon type S. From the results of research for effects of gauge length on fiber strength, the strength-gauge length relationship of Hi-Nicalon type S was found to follow the weakest-link rule. The results of tensile tests at high temperature indicated that the strength of Hi-Nicalon type S slightly increased with increasing test temperature. Subsequent to oxidation, there was a change in strength-limiting flaw distribution and fiber strength, between fibers tested at room temperature and 1373 K, in Hi-Nicalon Type-S fibers. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lewinsohn, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-059-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 96 BP 371 EP 379 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN02T UT WOS:000080431200033 ER PT S AU Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT AF Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT BE Prigogine, I Rice, SA TI Molecular-based modeling of water and aqueous solutions at supercritical conditions SO ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS, VOL 109 SE Advances in Chemical Physics LA English DT Review ID PAIR-CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; PRESSURE PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; CHLORIDE ION-PAIR; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CONTINUUM ELECTROSTATICS MODEL; NEUTRON-SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS; COMPRESSIBLE DIELECTRIC FLUID; VOLUME-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 344 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 4 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 0-471-32920-7 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS JI Adv. Chem. Phys. PY 1999 VL 109 BP 115 EP 205 DI 10.1002/9780470141687.ch3 PG 91 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BM89G UT WOS:000080047400003 ER PT J AU Bostick, WD Stevenson, RJ Jarabek, RJ Conca, JL AF Bostick, WD Stevenson, RJ Jarabek, RJ Conca, JL TI Use of apatite and bone char for the removal of soluble radionuclides in authentic and simulated doe groundwater (Reprinted from Advances in Environmental Research, vol 3, pg 488-498, 2000) SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Reprint DE apatite; sorption; precipitation; uranium; groundwater remediation; nitrate ion; bone char; phosphate minerals ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; HYDROXYAPATITE AB The phosphate-based mineral phases Apatite II and bone char are shown to be effective for the removal of select heavy metal impurities in groundwater. The performance of select apatite-based products is compared with that of other candidate sorption media (including granular activated carbon and anion exchange resin) for the removal of soluble uranium ion in synthetic Department of Energy (DOE) Site groundwater supplemented with varying levels of interfering nitrate ion. Apatite has a greater affinity for U(VI), especially in the presence of nitrate ion, as evidenced by a larger value for the conditional distribution coefficient (Kd) in batch test experiments. Contact of uranyl nitrate solution with apatite is shown to produce highly insoluble mineral phases of the autunite group (calcium uranyl phosphate hydrates). The activity of soluble uranium in contact with excess Apatite II reagent is equivalent to similar to 2-3 mu g/L (i.e., 2-3 parts per billion) uranium. We also show that Apatite II is effective for the removal of soluble cerium ion, a nonradiological surrogate used to mimic the behavior of plutonium and other actinides or transuranic elements. C1 Mat & Chem Lab Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. UFA Ventures Inc, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bostick, WD (reprint author), Mat & Chem Lab Inc, E Tennessee Technol Pk,2010 Highway 58,Suite 1000, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU NELSON & COMMONS COMMUNICATIONS PI BERKELEY PA 1620 ACTON STREET, BERKELEY, CA 94702 USA SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 279WV UT WOS:000085068800009 ER PT J AU Kearl, PM Roemer, K Rogoff, EB Renn, RM AF Kearl, PM Roemer, K Rogoff, EB Renn, RM TI Characterization of a fractured aquifer using the colloidal borescope SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE groundwater flow direction; velocity; colloidal borescope; measurement; fractured aquifer AB Quantifying and characterizing groundwater flow in fracture flow systems is a difficult task due to the complexity of these systems. The recently developed colloidal borescope is a useful instrument that can provide direct measurements of flow velocity and direction from wells completed in fractures. The colloidal borescope was recently used in the Sandia Mountains near Albuquerque, New Mexico to supplement an ongoing investigation at a leaking underground storage tank site. Results from the field investigation using the colloidal borescope showed that groundwater flow directions in the unfractured zones agreed with the regional groundwater flow directions. In fractured zones, groundwater flow directions were in a direction corresponding to fracture trends that were different than the inferred potentiometric surface. Groundwater velocities in the fractures were an order of magnitude higher than velocities observed in the unfractured flow zones. The resultant flow direction of the unfractured and fractured flow zones agreed with the observed flow direction of a groundwater hydrocarbon plume. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. AquaVISION, Palisade, CO 81526 USA. MDM Lamb Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RP Roemer, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NELSON & COMMONS COMMUNICATIONS PI BERKELEY PA 1620 ACTON STREET, BERKELEY, CA 94702 USA SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 239YD UT WOS:000082797300004 ER PT B AU Lai, R He, DX AF Lai, R He, DX BE Leung, W Ptak, T TI Cyclonic flotation column for deep cleaning of pyrite in coal SO ADVANCES IN FILTRATION AND SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 13A AND 13B, 1999: ADVANCING FILTRATION AND SEPARATION SOLUTIONS FOR THE MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual National Technical Conference of the American-Filtration-and-Separation-Society on Advancing Filtration and Separation Solutions for the Millennium CY APR 06-09, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Filtrat & Separat Soc AB A cyclonic flotation column (CFC), which makes use of the centrifugal force to create a density gradient in a flotation column, is found to be very effective in pyrite removal from the coal.:In-a;CFC, a series of angular helical inserts is attached to the wall of a conventional column to function as a pyrite particle retainer. During flotation, coal slurry is mixed with a series of impellers attached to a central shaft. A lightweight froth, rich in coal is formed through;gh the attachment of coal particles to the rising ah-bubbles. The froth, due to its relatively lightweight, is concentrated near the center of the shaft and moves upward. The heavy pyrite, due to its high specific gravity, swirls along the wall of the column, is caught by the angular helix, and is washed downward by the movement of water. A series of tests were performed on an Upper Freeport coal to compare the pyrite removal between the CFC and a laboratory Wemco cell. The results revealed that at 80% BTU recovery, the pyrite rejection from the CFC, was 88%, as compared to 64% with the laboratory Wemco cell. C1 US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Lai, R (reprint author), US Dept Energy, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN FILTRATION & SEPARATIONS SOCIETY PI NORTHPORT PA PO BOX 1530, NORTHPORT, AL 35476 USA PY 1999 BP 242 EP 244 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BN49F UT WOS:000082032100038 ER PT B AU Bose, AC Sammells, AF Dyer, PN Richards, RE AF Bose, AC Sammells, AF Dyer, PN Richards, RE BE Leung, W Ptak, T TI Reactor and separation technologies using inorganic membranes SO ADVANCES IN FILTRATION AND SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 13A AND 13B, 1999: ADVANCING FILTRATION AND SEPARATION SOLUTIONS FOR THE MILLENNIUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th Annual National Technical Conference of the American-Filtration-and-Separation-Society on Advancing Filtration and Separation Solutions for the Millennium CY APR 06-09, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Filtrat & Separat Soc C1 US DOE, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN FILTRATION & SEPARATIONS SOCIETY PI NORTHPORT PA PO BOX 1530, NORTHPORT, AL 35476 USA PY 1999 BP 971 EP 971 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BN49F UT WOS:000082032100146 ER PT S AU Steinkamp, JA Lehnert, BE Lehnert, NM AF Steinkamp, JA Lehnert, BE Lehnert, NM BE Lakowicz, JR Soper, SA Thompson, RB TI Flow cytometric lifetime-based cell viability assay using propidium iodide SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY IV, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology IV CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Coherent Laser Grp, ISS Inc, Molec Probes Inc, Opt Sensors Inc, Spectra Phys, Spectron Instruments Inc DE flow cytometry; cell viability; dead cells; propidium iodide; phase-sensitive detection; fluorescence lifetime ID PHASE-SENSITIVE DETECTION; HETEROGENEOUS FLUORESCENCE; COLOR IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; SIGNALS; DISCRIMINATION; HOECHST-33342; RESOLUTION; SINGLE AB Assays which discriminate and enumerate dying or dead cells are important in various types of cellular studies. In many instances, there is a need to identify dead cells that interfere with fluorescent probes which are used to measure functional and physiological properties in viable cells. For example, dead cells can introduce analytical errors arising from 1) nonspecific uptake of fluorescent probes, leading to erroneous percentages of positive labeled cells, 2) increased autofluorescence, and 3) altered antigen expression. The ability to detect dead cells is also of importance in determining the effectiveness of cytotoxic agents. Propidium iodide (PI) exclusion, which is analogous to the non-fluorescent trypan blue dye test for viability, is used extensively in flow cytometry assays. However, the use of PI can potentially limit the application of additional fluorescent probes due to spectral overlap of the probe with PI. In this report we present phase-resolved fluorescence studies on rat and murine thymus cells labeled with phycoerythrin-antiThy 1.1 and phycoerythrin/Texas Red-antiThy 1.2 immunofluorescence markers, respectively, and PI. Overlapping emission spectra are resolved based on differences in fluorescence lifetimes of the probes and PI. These studies demonstrate a new lifetime-based viability method for use in analysis of immunofluorescent probes and for assaying the dynamics of cell killing. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinkamp, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3072-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3602 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.347518 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN09N UT WOS:000080657500002 ER PT S AU Sasaki, DY Shea, LE Sinclair, MB AF Sasaki, DY Shea, LE Sinclair, MB BE Lakowicz, JR Soper, SA Thompson, RB TI Thin-film silica sol-gels doped with ion responsive fluorescent lipid bilayers SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY IV, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology IV CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Coherent Laser Grp, ISS Inc, Molec Probes Inc, Opt Sensors Inc, Spectra Phys, Spectron Instruments Inc DE metal ion sensor; fluorescence; fiber optics; sol-gel materials; lipid bilayers; TMOS; ion recognition ID INFLUENZA-VIRUS; LIGAND-BINDING; SIALIC-ACID; LIPOSOMES; IMMOBILIZATION; PROTEINS; MEMBRANE; TOXINS AB A metal ion sensitive, fluorescent lipid-bilayer material (5% PSIDA/DSPC) was successfully immobilized in a silica matrix using a tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) sol-gel procedure. The sol-gel immobilization method was quantitative in the entrapment of self-assembled lipid-bilayers and yielded thin films for facile configuration to optical fiber platforms. The silica matrix was compatible with the solvent sensitive lipid bilayers and provided physical stabilization as well as biological protection. Immobilization in the silica sol-gel produced an added benefit of improving the bilayer's metal ion sensitivity by up to two orders of magnitude. This enhanced performance was attributed to a preconcentrator effect from the anionic surface of the silica matrix. Thin gels (193 micron thickness) were coupled to a bifurcated fiber optic bundle to produce a metal ion sensor probe. Response times of 10-15 minutes to 0.1 M CuCl2 were realized with complete regeneration of the sensor using an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sasaki, DY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1407, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3072-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3602 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1117/12.347531 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN09N UT WOS:000080657500031 ER PT S AU Chen, CH Golovlev, VV Taranenko, NI Allman, SL Isola, NR Potter, NT Matteson, KJ Chang, LY AF Chen, CH Golovlev, VV Taranenko, NI Allman, SL Isola, NR Potter, NT Matteson, KJ Chang, LY BE Lakowicz, JR Soper, SA Thompson, RB TI Laser desorption mass spectrometry for high throughput DNA analysis and its applications SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY IV, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology IV CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Coherent Laser Grp, ISS Inc, Molec Probes Inc, Opt Sensors Inc, Spectra Phys, Spectron Instruments Inc DE DNA sequencing; disease diagnosis; DNA fingerprinting; laser desorption mass spectrometry ID MUTATION AB Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) has been developed for DNA sequencing, disease diagnosis, and DNA fingerprinting for forensic applications. With LDMS, the speed of DNA analysis can be much faster than conventional gel electrophoresis. No dye or radioactive tagging to DNA segments for detection is needed. LDMS is emerging as a new alternative technology for DNA analysis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Allman, Steve/A-9121-2011 OI Allman, Steve/0000-0001-6538-7048 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3072-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3602 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1117/12.347532 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN09N UT WOS:000080657500037 ER PT S AU Werner, JH Cai, H Goodwin, PM Keller, RA AF Werner, JH Cai, H Goodwin, PM Keller, RA BE Lakowicz, JR Soper, SA Thompson, RB TI Current status of DNA sequencing by single molecule detection SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY IV, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology IV CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc, Coherent Laser Grp, ISS Inc, Molec Probes Inc, Opt Sensors Inc, Spectra Phys, Spectron Instruments Inc DE fluorescence; single molecule detection; DNA sequencing ID FLOWING SAMPLE STREAMS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; EFFICIENT DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION AB Our current experiments further the development of a laser-based technique capable of sequencing an individual strand of DNA. We report the detection and identification of fluorescently labeled nucleotides enzymatically cleaved from DNA strands suspended in flow. We used fluorescence lifetime, fluorescence intensity, or a correlated measure of the intensity and lifetime to identify each individual tagged base traversing the detection region with high accuracy. DNA strands containing a single tetramethylrhodamine labeled uracil and/or a single Rhodamine 6G labeled cytosine were attached to polystyrene microspheres. An optical trap was used to capture and hold a single DNA-laden microsphere nominally 20 microns upstream of the detection region of an ultra-sensitive flow cytometer. The addition of an exonuclease cleaved bases from the 3' end of the fluorescently labeled strand. The cleaved, labeled nucleotides were carried by the flow downstream and detected and identified one-at-a-time with high efficiency by laser-induced fluorescence. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Werner, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3072-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3602 BP 355 EP 366 DI 10.1117/12.347535 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN09N UT WOS:000080657500039 ER PT B AU Krupke, WF AF Krupke, WF BE Finlayson, DM Sinclair, BD TI Materials for lasers and nonlinear optics SO ADVANCES IN LASERS AND APPLICATIONS SE SUSSP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics on Advances in Lasers and Applications CY SEP, 1998 CL ST ANDREWS, SCOTLAND ID INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY; SOLID-STATE LASERS; HARMONIC-GENERATION; ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; YAG LASER; PERFORMANCE; CRYSTAL; SEMICONDUCTORS; CSLIB6O10; BORATE C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krupke, WF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCOTTISH UNIV SUMMER SCHOOL PHYSICS PUBLICATIONS PI EDINBURGH PA EDINBURGH UNIV, PHYSICS DEPT KINGS BUILDING MAYFIELD RD, EDINBURGH EH9 3JZ, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND BN 0-7503-0631-9 J9 SUSSP PROC PY 1999 VL 52 BP 117 EP 140 PG 24 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BN84X UT WOS:000083184200006 ER PT B AU Adamson, MG Hsu, PC Hipple, DL Foster, KG Hopper, RW Ford, TD AF Adamson, MG Hsu, PC Hipple, DL Foster, KG Hopper, RW Ford, TD BE GauneEscard, M TI Organic waste processing using Molten Salt Oxidation SO ADVANCES IN MOLTEN SALTS: FROM STRUCTURAL ASPECT TO WASTE PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Research Conference on Molten Salts CY JUN 27-JUL 03, 1998 CL PORQUEROLLES ISL, FRANCE SP European Sci Fdn, USA, European Off, US Aerosp, USN, CNRS, Univ Provence Marseille, French Embassy Moscow, French Embassy Washington, IUSTI, CODATA, MOLTECH AB Molten Salt Oxidation (MSO) is a thermal means of oxidizing (destroying) the organic constituents of mixed wastes, hazardous wastes, and energetic materials while retaining inorganic and radioactive constituents in the salt. For this reason, MSO is considered a promising alternative to incineration for the treatment of a variety of organic wastes. The U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management (DOE/EM) is currently funding research that will identify alternatives to incineration for the treatment of organic-based mixed wastes. (Mixed wastes are defined as waste streams which have both hazardous and radioactive properties.) One such project is Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Expedited Technology Demonstration of Molten Salt Oxidation (MSO). The goal of this project is to conduct an integrated demonstration of MSG, including off-gas and spent salt treatment, and the preparation of robust solid final forms. Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has constructed an integrated pilot-scale MSO treatment system in which tests and demonstrations are presently being performed under carefully controlled (experimental) conditions. The system consists of a MSO process vessel with dedicated off-gas treatment, a salt recycle system, feed preparation equipment, and equipment for preparing ceramic final waste forms. In this paper we describe the integrated system and discuss its capabilities as well as preliminary process demonstration data. A primary purpose of these demonstrations is to identify the most suitable waste streams and waste types for MSO treatment. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Adamson, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-142-4 PY 1999 BP 1 EP 22 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Physics GA BP10P UT WOS:000084132700001 ER PT S AU Nix, DA Hogden, JE AF Nix, DA Hogden, JE BE Kearns, MS Solla, SA Cohn, DA TI Maximum-Likelihood Continuity Mapping (MALCOM): An alternative to HMMs SO ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS 11 SE ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) CY NOV 30-DEC 05, 1998 CL DENVER, CO ID SPEECH AB We describe Maximum-Likelihood Continuity Mapping (MALCOM), an alternative to hidden Markov models (HMMs) for processing sequence data such as speech. While HMMs have a discrete "hidden" space constrained by a fixed finite-automaton architecture, MALCOM has a continuous hidden space-a continuity map-that is constrained only by a smoothness requirement on paths through the space. MALCOM fits into the same probabilistic framework for speech recognition as HMMs, but it represents a more realistic model of the speech production process. To evaluate the extent to which MALCOM captures speech production information, we generated continuous speech continuity maps for three speakers and used the paths through them to predict measured speech articulator data. The median correlation between the MALCOM paths obtained from only the speech acoustics and articulator measurements was 0.77 on an independent test set not used to train MALCOM or the predictor. This unsupervised model achieved correlations over speakers and articulators only 0.02 to 0.15 lower than those obtained using an analogous supervised method which used articulatory measurements as well as acoustics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nix, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CIC-3,MS B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1049-5258 BN 0-262-11245-0 J9 ADV NEUR IN PY 1999 VL 11 BP 744 EP 750 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BP76H UT WOS:000086093700105 ER PT B AU Awes, TC AF Awes, TC CA WA98 Collaboration BE Bauer, W Westfall, GD TI Particle production in 158 center dot A (GeVPb)-Pb-208+Pb-208 collisions SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY JAN 09-16, 1999 CL PARK CITY, UT DE quark gluon plasma; heavy-ion collisions; neutral pions; particle production; nuclear dependence; thermalization; freeze-out ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; DEPENDENCE; MODEL AB The production of neutral pions in 158.A GeV Pb-208+Pb-208 collisions has been studied in the WA98 experiment. The centrality dependence of the neutral pion production is investigated. An invariance of the spectral shape and a simple scaling of the yield with the number of participating nucleons is observed for centralities with more than about 50 participants. The transverse mass spectrum is analyzed in terms of a thermal model with hydrodynamic expansion. The high accuracy and large kinematic coverage of the measurement constrains the extracted freeze-out parameters, and provides information on the freeze-out velocity profile. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Awes, TC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46280-X PY 1999 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP44F UT WOS:000085157800003 ER PT B AU Read, KF AF Read, KF CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Bauer, W Westfall, GD TI The PHENIX experiment SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY JAN 09-16, 1999 CL PARK CITY, UT DE PHENIX; RHIC; quark gluon plasma; heavy-ion collisions; muons; spin AB The PHENIX experiment at RHIC is currently under construction with data collection planned to start in 1999. The heavy ion and spin physics goals of PHENIX are described. We discuss the experiment's capabilities to address these physics goals. Highlights of the present status of construction and installation are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Read, KF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Read, Kenneth/0000-0002-3358-7667 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46280-X PY 1999 BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP44F UT WOS:000085157800009 ER PT B AU Wang, F AF Wang, F CA NA49 Collaboration BE Bauer, W Westfall, GD TI Two-proton correlations from Pb+Pb central collisions SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY JAN 09-16, 1999 CL PARK CITY, UT DE two-proton correlation; heavy ion ID NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; ULTRARELATIVISTIC ENERGIES; HADRONIC-INTERACTIONS; DYNAMICS; INTERFEROMETRY; MULTIPLICITY; DEPENDENCE AB The two-proton correlation function at midrapidity from Pb+Pb central collisions at 158 AGeV has been measured by the NA49 experiment. The preliminary results are compared to model predictions from proton source distributions of static thermal Gaussian sources and the transport models of RQMD and VENUS. We obtain an effective proton source size sigma(eff) = 4.0 +/- 0.15(stat.)(-0.18)(+0.06) (syst.) fm. while the VENUS model diets the correlation function (sigma(eff) = 4.41 fm), while the VENUS model overpredicts the correlation function (sigma(eff) = 3.55 fm). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46280-X PY 1999 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP44F UT WOS:000085157800011 ER PT B AU Back, BB AF Back, BB CA E917 Collaboration BE Bauer, W Westfall, GD TI Results from the E917 experiment at the AGS SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY JAN 09-16, 1999 CL PARK CITY, UT DE AGS; protons; rapidity distributions; thermal models ID COLLISIONS AB Collisions of Au + Au have been studied at beam kinetic energies of 6, 8, and 10.8 GeV/nucleon at the AGS facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Particles emitted from the collisions were momentum analyzed and identified in a magnetic spectrometer system. Measurements were made at spectrometer angles in the range 14 degrees - 59 degrees. m(t)-spectra of protons from central collisions were analyzed to derive integrated rapidity distributions and inverse slope as a function of rapidity. The results are compared with a thermal model and it is concluded that there is either substantial transparency or longitudinal expansion at all three beam energies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46280-X PY 1999 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP44F UT WOS:000085157800013 ER PT B AU Wang, XN AF Wang, XN BE Bauer, W Westfall, GD TI The myth of large p(T) hadron spectra in high-energy heavy-ion collisions SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY JAN 09-16, 1999 CL PARK CITY, UT DE pQCD; RHIC; spectra ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; JET; PP AB Hadron spectra in high-energy pp, pA and AA collisions are analyzed in a pQCD parton model, including initial k(T) and its broadening via initial multiple scattering. Within this model the hadron spectra in both pp and pA of AA collisions can be described very well for p(T) > 2 GeV/c. The modification of the spectra in pA and AA as compared to that in pp collisions is consistent with multiple parton scattering scenario. Such an analysis will shed new light on the physics one can extract from the single inclusive hadron spectra, e.g., freeze-out temperature and flow velocity in a thermal fire-ball model, and parton energy loss in dense matter. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70A-3307, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46280-X PY 1999 BP 241 EP 252 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP44F UT WOS:000085157800025 ER PT B AU Lee, JH AF Lee, JH CA E866 Collaboration BE Bauer, W Westfall, GD TI Pion interferometry in Au plus Au collisions at the AGS SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY JAN 09-16, 1999 CL PARK CITY, UT DE AGS; Au plus Au; pion correlation ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; DEPENDENCE AB Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations have been studied using the BNL-E866 Forward Spectrometer in 11.6 A . GeV/c Au + Au collisions. The data were analyzed using three-dimensional correlation parameterizations to study transverse momentum-dependent source parameters. The freeze-out time and the duration of emission were derived from the source radii parameters. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46280-X PY 1999 BP 263 EP 270 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP44F UT WOS:000085157800027 ER PT B AU Steadman, SG AF Steadman, SG CA PHOBOS Collaboration BE Bauer, W Westfall, GD TI PHOBOS: A status report SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY JAN 09-16, 1999 CL PARK CITY, UT DE RHIC; detector AB The PHOBOS detector for RHIC is now well underway in assembly, and will be ready to begin taking physics data with the start of RHIC physics running in November, 1999. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Steadman, SG (reprint author), US DOE, SC-23, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46280-X PY 1999 BP 291 EP 298 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP44F UT WOS:000085157800030 ER PT B AU Soltz, RA AF Soltz, RA CA BNL E910 Collaboration BE Bauer, W Westfall, GD TI Proton-nucleus dynamics defining, measuring, and studying centrality dependence SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY JAN 09-16, 1999 CL PARK CITY, UT DE proton-nucleus; p-A; centrality; stopping ID HIGH-ENERGY; MULTIPARTICLE PRODUCTION; GEV-C; COLLISIONS AB Experiment E910 has measured slow protons and deuterons from collisions of 18 GeV/c protons with Be, Cu, and Au targets at the BNL AGS. These correspond to the "grey tracks" first observed in emulsion experiments. We report on their momentum and angular distributions and investigate their use in measuring the centrality of a collision, as defined by the mean number of projectile-nucleon interactions. The relation between the measured N-grey and the mean number of interactions, (v) over bar(N-grey), is studied using several simple models, one newly proposed, as well as the RQMD event generator. For the Au target, we report a relative systematic error for extracting (v) over bar(N-grey) that lies between 10% and 20% over all N-grey. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soltz, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46280-X PY 1999 BP 299 EP 309 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP44F UT WOS:000085157800031 ER PT B AU Christie, WB AF Christie, WB CA STAR Collaboration BE Bauer, W Westfall, GD TI Overview and status of the star detector at RHIC SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY JAN 09-16, 1999 CL PARK CITY, UT DE RHIC; quarks; gluons; hadrons; STAR; QGP AB Presented here is the current status of the STAR Detector. STAR is one of the four detectors being constructed at the RHIC collider facility. The STAR detector is scheduled to have its first engineering run with the RHIC beams about six months from the date of this conference. The STAR project is on schedule and expects to be complete on time. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Christie, WB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46280-X PY 1999 BP 321 EP 328 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BP44F UT WOS:000085157800033 ER PT S AU Bennett, CL AF Bennett, CL BE Lee, GCH TI What happened after the evaluation? SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIVth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference 1999 CY JUN 06-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL AB An ergonomics program including a ergonomic computer workstation evaluations at a research and development facility was assessed three years after formal implementation. As part of tilt assessment, 53 employees who had been subjects of computer workstation evaluations were interviewed. The documented reports (ergonomic evaluation forms) of the ergonomic evaluations were used in the process of selecting the interview subjects. The evaluation forms also provided information about the aspects of the computer workstation that were discussed and recommended as part of the evaluation, although the amount of detail and completeness of thr forms varied. Although the results were mixed and reflective of the multivariate psychosocial factors affecting employees working in a large the findings led to recommendations for improvements of the organization, program. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bennett, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-309, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-486-9 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1999 VL 3 BP 213 EP 217 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Operations Research & Management Science GA BN75C UT WOS:000082800000035 ER PT S AU Mahurin, RK Bittner, AC Maravilla, K Thompson, NM Barnes, AE AF Mahurin, RK Bittner, AC Maravilla, K Thompson, NM Barnes, AE BE Lee, GCH TI Neuroimaging multiple-task performance: Toward understanding complex work SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY SE ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIVth Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference 1999 CY JUN 06-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL ID FUNCTIONAL MRI; HUMAN BRAIN; ACTIVATION; CORTEX; FMRI AB Multiple-task performance is essential to safety and performance in many workplace settings. Though much studied, little is directly known of the brain processes that underlie multi-task activity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is demonstrated as a means to visualize the components of brain activity; Ten participants were fMRI scanned while engaged in a complex dual-task procedure: repetitive finger sequencing and verbal working memory for numbers. Brain-activation patterns associated with single task performance (i.e., working memory alone, and finger sequencing alone) were compared with patterns under dual-task conditions. Dual-task scans revealed (1) disproportionate increases in activation in those areas associated with single tasks, and (2) activation of additional areas in mesial-frontal regions. Increase of brain activity under dual-task conditions indicates recruitment of neurons to accommodate greater cognitive 'effort' for the more demanding dual-task. Mesial-frontal activation reflects a unique requirement for executive coordination of the single task components during the dual-task. Neuroimaging is shown to be an emerging tool for more directly understanding complex work. C1 Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Mahurin, RK (reprint author), Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-2269 BN 90-5199-486-9 J9 ADV OCCUP ERGO SAF PY 1999 VL 3 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Operations Research & Management Science GA BN75C UT WOS:000082800000075 ER PT S AU Stolz, CJ Sheehan, LM von Gunten, MK Bevis, RP Smith, DJ AF Stolz, CJ Sheehan, LM von Gunten, MK Bevis, RP Smith, DJ BE Amra, C Macleod, A TI The advantages of evaporation of Hafnium in a reactive environment to manufacture high damage threshold multilayer coatings by electron-beam deposition SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL INTERFERENCE COATINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical Interference Coatings CY MAY 25-27, 1999 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP European Opt Soc, SPIE, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci, Res & Dev DE Hafnium; hafnia; electron-beam deposition; laser-induced damage; and multilayer coating ID LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE; OPTICAL COATINGS; GEOMETRIES AB Electron-beam deposition is the current method to produce large-aperture high laser-induced damage threshold coatings for the National Ignition Facility, a 1.8 MJ fusion laser. The e-beam process is scalable to large optics up to 0.25 m(2) and with laser conditioning has relatively benign coating defect ejections resulting in high damage threshold thin films. The latest technological breakthrough in manufacturing high damage threshold coatings is e-beam deposition of hafnia by evaporation from a metallic instead of an oxide source in a reactive environment. Although the damage threshold is not significantly increased, a 3-10x defect reduction occurs resulting in significantly less coating modification during laser conditioning. Additional benefits of this technology include improved interfaces for the elimination of flat-bottom pits and up to 3x reduction in plume instability for improved layer thickness control and spectral performance. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stolz, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-487, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3212-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3738 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1117/12.360095 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN81B UT WOS:000083000000037 ER PT S AU Stolz, CJ AF Stolz, CJ BE Amra, C Macleod, A TI Brewster's angle thin film plate polarizer design study from an electric field perspective SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL INTERFERENCE COATINGS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical Interference Coatings CY MAY 25-27, 1999 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP European Opt Soc, SPIE, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci, Res & Dev DE thin film polarizer; electric field; and laser-induced damage ID LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE AB The electric field magnitude and profile influence the laser-induced damage threshold and morphology of a multilayer coating. Through the use of non-quarter-wave layer pairs in high reflector designs, the electric field peaks are shifted into the low index layers thus reducing the electic fields in the high index layers and interfaces. Similarly the electric field profile in a polarizer can be optimized for low electric fields within the high index layers and film interfaces by proper design selection. The traditional approach to Brewster's angle thin film polarizer design starts with a long-wave pass design to exploit the angle-induced differential high reflection bandwidths for "P" and "S" polarization. The design is optimized to admittance match the exterior and interior layers of the central stack to the surrounding media (air and glass). This design yields a broad polarizing region with electric field peaks within the high index layers. If a short-wave pass design is optimized, a narrower bandwidth polarizing region is realized with a slightly thicker coating, but the electric field peaks are now shifted to the low index material. In this paper, different starting designs are examined including short-wave pass, long-wave pass, and Fabry-Perot bandpass for electric field profile, polarizing region bandwidth, sensitivity to layer thickness errors, total thickness, and extinction ratio. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-487, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM stolz1@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3212-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3738 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.360098 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN81B UT WOS:000083000000040 ER PT S AU Van Mourik, T Wilson, AK Peterson, KA Woon, DE Dunning, TH AF Van Mourik, T Wilson, AK Peterson, KA Woon, DE Dunning, TH BE Lowdin, PO Sabin, JR Zerner, MC Brandas, E Wilson, S Maruani, J Smeyers, YG Grout, PJ McWeeny, R TI The effect of basis set superposition error (BSSE) on the convergence of molecular properties calculated with the correlation consistent basis sets. SO ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, VOL 31: QUANTUM SYSTEMS IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, PT I SE Advances in Quantum Chemistry LA English DT Review CT 2nd European Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics CY APR 06-09, 1997 CL JESUS COLL, LONDON, ENGLAND SP European Union HO JESUS COLL ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; FREE SCF ALGORITHM; ANO BASIS-SETS; 2ND ROW ATOMS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; WATER DIMER; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; SYSTEMATIC SEQUENCES C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Van Mourik, T (reprint author), UCL, Dept Chem, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, England. EM t_vanmourik@pnl.gov; ak_wilson@pnl.gov; ka_peterson@pnl.gov; woon@hecla.molres.gov; th_dunning@pnl.gov RI van Mourik, Tanja/A-4007-2008 NR 64 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3276 BN 0-12-034831-4 J9 ADV QUANTUM CHEM JI Adv. Quantum Chem. PY 1999 VL 31 BP 105 EP 135 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BM64S UT WOS:000079333800006 ER PT B AU Sopori, B Chen, W Zhang, Y Madjdpour, J Ravindra, NM AF Sopori, B Chen, W Zhang, Y Madjdpour, J Ravindra, NM BE Roozeboom, F Gelpey, JC Ozturk, MC Nakos, J TI Emissivity of bare and coated Si wafers: Theoretical studies SO ADVANCES IN RAPID THERMAL PROCESSING SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Rapid Thermal Processing at the 195th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, AG Assoc, Appl Mat, ASM Amer, CVC Peod, Eaton Thermal Proc Syst, JIP Elec, Luxtron, Mattson Technol, Sens Array Corp, Steag RTP Syst, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SILICON AB A software package, based on a generalized optical model, is developed to determine the optical parameters such as reflectance, transmittance, and emissivity of a semiconductor wafer. The wafer can have multilayer structures with polished, rough, or textured interfaces. The software takes into account the dopant and temperature dependencies of n and k. The results of the spectral emissivity for bare and coated Si for different surface morphologies are presented. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-232-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 10 BP 427 EP 433 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BN84S UT WOS:000083174500047 ER PT B AU Kumar, M Schwartz, AJ King, WE AF Kumar, M Schwartz, AJ King, WE BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI The role of twinning in the optimization of the grain boundary character distribution SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID ORIENTATION IMAGING MICROSCOPY; ANNEALING TWINS; INTERGRANULAR CORROSION; CSL DISTRIBUTIONS; TRIPLE JUNCTION; POLYCRYSTALS; TEXTURE; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MISORIENTATION; STATISTICS AB The grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) is a microstructural property that describes the proportions of "special" and "random" boundaries as defined by the coincident site lattice model. Recently, there has been increased attention on determination of the GBCD and manipulation of the relative fractions in the microstructure through thermomechanical processing in order to improve material's properties like corrosion and creep resistance. Most of the "optimization" treatments reported in the literature have been performed on fee materials with relatively low stacking fault energies and have resulted in microstructures with high fractions of Sigma 3, Sigma 9, and Sigma 27 boundaries. It could be interpreted that annealing twins are solely required to improve the GBCD. However, in order to optimize the properties, it appears imperative that the formation of annealing twins disrupt the connectivity of the random boundary network, thus implying that Sigma 3(n) reactions and resultant triple limes are critical. Experiments to modify the GBCD of oxygen-free electronic Cu and Inconel 600 through thermomechanical processing are presented and discussed in light of observations of the deformed and recrystallized microstructures. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kumar, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-370, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 13 EP 28 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600002 ER PT B AU Medlin, DL AF Medlin, DL BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI Observation and modeling of 1/3 < 111 > twin dislocations in aluminum SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INTERFACES; DEFECTS; COPPER; AG AB High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) observations are presented showing the climb of 1/3 < 111 > twin islocations along a coherent twin boundary in aluminum. Climb of these defects increases the thickness of the twin. This process can be understood by considering the stacking changes caused by the removal of a plane of atoms adjacent to the twin interface by the absorption of vacancies. Detailed analysis of the observed defect structure and comparison with atomistic modeling shows that the 1/3 < 111 > twin dislocations exist in a dissociated configuration. This structure can be interpreted as the relaxation of the 1/3 < 111 > dislocation into two dislocations, a Shockley partial and a stair-rod dislocation, which are separated by a short segment of stacking fault. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Medlin, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Org 8715 Mail Stop 9402, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600003 ER PT B AU Morris, JR Ho, KM Chen, KY Yoo, MH AF Morris, JR Ho, KM Chen, KY Yoo, MH BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI Dislocation core nucleation of twins in HCP metals SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID UNSTRESSED CRYSTALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; COMPRESSION; TITANIUM; BEHAVIOR; SLIP; ZR AB Secondary deformation modes in hcp metals play a crucial role in determining the ductility of the metals. These modes are similar to many complex deformation phenomena in intermetallics. There is a competition between twinning and slip modes with common crystallographic elements, and the Burgers vector associated with the slip mode is much larger than typical interatomic distances, leading to a. complex "synchroshear" slip process. Core phenomena play a critical role in the process. We have examined the dislocation core structures with b=[c + a] using large scale atomistic simulations with many-body potentials. Our results show that a sessile basal plane splitting of the edge dislocation associated with {11 (2) over bar 2} slip results in the generation of a twin nucleus near the dislocation core, which grows under tensile stress along the c-axis. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Morris, JR (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 145 EP 156 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600009 ER PT B AU Gray, GT Kaschner, GC Mason, TA Maudlin, PJ Chen, SR AF Gray, GT Kaschner, GC Mason, TA Maudlin, PJ Chen, SR BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI The influence of interstitial content, temperature, and strain rate on deformation twin formation SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID MICROSCOPY; FRACTURE; METALS AB In this paper, examples of the influence of oxygen content, temperature, texture, and strain rate on the mechanical behavior and propensity for deformation twin formation in two grades of alpha-titanium and alpha-zirconium are presented. The influence of strain rate, temperature, and deformation on the mechanical response and twin formation of high-purity (low-interstitial) and lower-purity (higher-oxygen-content) Ti and Zr were probed utilizing quasi-static, Split-Hopkinson-Bar, and plate-impact (shock) loading. Suppression of deformation twin formation in the high-oxygen content Ti and Zr is seen to simultaneously correlate with higher yield strengths and lower Stage-II work-hardening rates. The influence of interstitial content on the kinetics of twin formation and work hardening is contrasted in light of previous literature studies. The use of automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis to quantify specific twin system activation and twin morphology as a function of the imposed temperature and strain rate of deformation is discussed. The influence of deformation twinning on the overall mechanical behavior and constitutive modeling description of low-symmetry metals and alloys is discussed. Topics include: 1) the microstructural and experimental variables influencing twin formation in Ti and Zr and twinning topics related to high-strain-rate loading, and 2) the influence of deformation twinning on the constitutive response of low-symmetry metals and alloys. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 157 EP 170 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600010 ER PT B AU Chichili, DR Ramesh, KT Hemker, KJ AF Chichili, DR Ramesh, KT Hemker, KJ BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI The influence of deformation twinning on the mechanical response of alpha-titanium SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID STRAIN-RATE; METALS; SLIP AB The influence of deformation twinning on the mechanical response of a-titanium is examined. Cottrell-Stokes type load-unload-reload experiments were performed at various strains, strain-rates and two different temperatures (298 K and 77 K). The tests indicate that the temperature and rate sensitivity of the flow stress with a dislocation only substructure is not the same as that with dislocations and twins in structure. It is demonstrated that the degree of twinning does not determine the flow stress of the material at low temperatures and at high rates. Although dislocation motion accounts for the majority of plastic deformation, twin-dislocation interactions appear to play an important role in strain hardening. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chichili, DR (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Hemker, Kevin/A-3315-2010 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 187 EP 196 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600012 ER PT B AU Zhu, YM Welch, DO AF Zhu, YM Welch, DO BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI The nature of twin boundaries in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-delta SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; BA2YCU3O7; LATTICE; MODEL; HOLES; TEM AB Twin boundaries are the most commonly observed lattice defect in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-delta. Furthermore, the region around a twin boundary for which the structure and composition are seriously affected is of a scale comparable to the coherence length for the superconducting order parameter. Thus, twin boundaries can be important in the behavior of magnetic vortices and the critical current density in this material. In this paper we review the results of a wide range of investigations of twin boundary structure and composition by advanced transmission electron microscopy methods, both imaging and analytical in nature. A simple Landau model of twin boundary energy and width is proposed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Sci Mat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Sci Mat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 209 EP 222 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600014 ER PT B AU Yoo, MH Hishinuma, A AF Yoo, MH Hishinuma, A BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI Micromechanisms of twin nucleation in TiAl: Effects of neutron irradiation SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; CRYSTALS; LOOPS AB The so-called radiation-induced ductility (RID) reported in neutron-irradiated two-phase Ti-47at%Al alloys is attributed to the formation of effective twin embryos in the presence of interstitial-type Frank loops in gamma-TiAl and the subsequent nucleation and growth of microtwins during post-irradiation tensile deformation. The stability of large faulted Frank loops is explained in terms of the repulsive interaction between Shockley and Frank partials. Interaction of only six ordinary slip dislocations with a Frank loop can facilitate a pole mechanism for twin formation to work. The relative ease of heterogeneous twin nucleation is the reason for the RID and the lack of changes in yield strength and work hardening. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yoo, MH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 225 EP 238 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600015 ER PT B AU Hsiung, LM Nieh, TG AF Hsiung, LM Nieh, TG BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI Interface controlled deformation twinning in two-phase TiAl with a lamellar microstructure SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID IN-SITU OBSERVATION; ALLOY AB Mechanisms of deformation twinning in a two-phase [TiAl (gamma) - Ti3Al (alpha)] lamellar alloy creep deformed at an elevated temperature (760 degrees C) have been investigated. Since the operation and multiplication of lattice dislocations within both gamma and alpha(2) lamellae are limited due to a refined lamellar microstructure (gamma lamellae: 100 - 300 nm thick, alpha(2) lamellae: 10 - 50 nm thick), the motion of pre-existing interfacial (Shockley partial) dislocations is the predominant deformation mode. When the interfacial dislocations glided along the lamellar interfaces, obstacles such as impinged lattice dislocations were observed to impede their motion. The event of dislocation impingement increased as applied stress and strain increased, and subsequently resulting in the pile-up of interfacial dislocations. When the alloy was crept at a high stress level (> 400 MPa), deformation twinning was found to become a predominant deformation mode with deformation twins preferentially nucleating from lamellar interfaces. It is suggested that deformation twinning is a stress relaxation process for dissipating stress concentration at the head of dislocation pile-up. A twinning formation mechanism based upon a consecutive dissociation of interfacial pile-up dislocations is accordingly proposed and demonstrated. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsiung, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, L-369,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 239 EP 252 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600016 ER PT B AU Misra, A Mitchell, TE AF Misra, A Mitchell, TE BE Ankem, S Pande, CS TI Twinning in incommensurate and commensurate structures of ReSi2-x alloys SO ADVANCES IN TWINNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Twinning, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Phys Met Comm ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS AB ReSi2-x is usually referred to as rhenium disilicide but it actually has a stoichiometry of ReSi1.75. Also it is usually described as having the tetragonal MoSi2 C11(b) structure but in fact it exhibits a number of incommensurate and commensurate structures which are based on the C11(b) structure. Structure A has an incommensurate periodicity of 4.14a along the a axis. It has a small orthorhombic distortion (b/a similar to 1.005) accompanied by twinning on the (110) plane and a small monoclinic distortion (beta similar to 90.2 degrees) accompanied by twinning on the (001) plane. Structure B is also incommensurate but has a larger monoclinic angle of 107 degrees; B appears to result from a shear transformation of A, giving rise to (001) twins. Prolonged annealing at high temperatures results in structure C which is commensurate and has planes parallel to, and exactly 4 times the spacing of, the (101) planes of the underlying C11(b) structure. Structure C is also twinned. The various structures are apparently caused by attempts to accommodate the Si structural vacancies. The relationship between these structures and the Nowotny "chimney-ladder" structures that have the general formula TnSi2n-m and are based on the TiSi2 structure is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-430-5 PY 1999 BP 253 EP 264 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM93L UT WOS:000080185600017 ER PT S AU Haiman, Z Loeb, A AF Haiman, Z Loeb, A BE Holt, SS Smith, EP TI Empirical constraints on the first stars and quasars SO AFTER THE DARK AGES: WHEN GALAXIES WERE YOUNG (THE UNIVERSE AT 2 10 per square arcminute. The amount of dust produced by the first supernovae has an optical depth of tau=0.1-1 towards high redshift sources, and the reprocessed UV flux of stars and quasars distorts the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) by a Compton y-parameter comparable to the COBE limit, y similar to 1.5 x 10(-5). (C) 1999 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Haiman, Z (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1999 VL 23 IS 5/6 BP 915 EP 924 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00216-1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BN23V UT WOS:000081222000018 ER PT S AU Fry, H McVey, B Schmitt, M AF Fry, H McVey, B Schmitt, M BE Leonelli, J Althouse, ML TI Assessment of infrared remote chemical sensing systems with numerical simulations SO AIR MONITORING AND DETECTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Air Monitoring and Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents CY NOV 02-03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE CO2 DIAL; chemical detectivity; active sensors; passive sensors; numeric simulation; remote sensing; FTIR; chemical prediction error AB A general approach to the evaluation of remote chemical sensors is described that can be used to provide evaluation of the chemical detection in a particular chemical scenario. It will be used to make comparisons of a CO2 laser differential absorption lidar sensor and a passive thermal FTIR sensor. The focus of the study will be to evaluate the advantage of the FTIR sensor's increased spectral coverage and number of frequency channels. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fry, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2994-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3533 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.336842 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM42U UT WOS:000078691100001 ER PT S AU Belgrader, P Benett, W Bergman, W Langlois, R Long, G Nelson, W AF Belgrader, P Benett, W Bergman, W Langlois, R Long, G Nelson, W BE Leonelli, J Althouse, ML TI Autonomous system for pathogen detection and identification SO AIR MONITORING AND DETECTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Air Monitoring and Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents CY NOV 02-03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB This purpose of this project is to build a prototype instrument that will, running unattended, detect, identify, and quantify BW agents. In order to accomplish this, we have chosen to start with the world's leading, proven, assays for pathogens: surface-molecular recognition assays, such as antibody-based assays, implemented on a high-performance, identification (ID)-capable flow cytometer, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for nucleic-acid based assays. With these assays, we must integrate the capability to: (.)collect samples from aerosols, water, or surfaces; (.)perform sample preparation prior to the assays; (.)incubate the prepared samples, if necessary, for a period of time; (.)transport the prepared, incubated samples to the assays; (.)perform the assays; (.)interpret and report the results of the assays. Issues such as reliability, sensitivity and accuracy, quantity of consumables, maintenance schedule, etc. must be addressed satisfactorily to the end user. The highest possible sensitivity and specificity of the assay must be combined with no false alarms. Today, we have assays that can, in under 30 minutes, detect and identify simulants for BW agents at concentrations of a few hundred colony-forming units per mi of solution. If the bio-aerosol sampler of this system collects 1000 l/min and concentrates the respirable particles into I mi of solution with 70% processing efficiency over a period of 5 minutes, then this translates to a detection/ID capability of under 0.1 agent-containing particle/liter of air. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Belgrader, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-222,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2994-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3533 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1117/12.336857 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM42U UT WOS:000078691100022 ER PT S AU Schroder, KL Hargis, PJ Schmitt, RL Rader, DJ Shokair, IR AF Schroder, KL Hargis, PJ Schmitt, RL Rader, DJ Shokair, IR BE Leonelli, J Althouse, ML TI Development of an unattended ground sensor for ultraviolet laser induced fluorescence detection of biological agent aerosols SO AIR MONITORING AND DETECTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Air Monitoring and Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents II CY SEP 21-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE biological agent detection; laser induced fluorescence; miniature UV laser; microlaser; aerosol sampling ID SWITCHED MICROCHIP LASERS AB A prototype of an unattended ground sensor has been developed for detection of biological agent aerosols. This point sensor uses ultraviolet laser induced fluorescence (UV LIF) to detect aerosol biological microorganisms collected on filter media. The concept can be designed to be compact, low power, and hardened to survive harsh delivery environments such as airdrop. The prototype consists of an air sampling system, a filter exchange mechanism, a Nd:YAG microlaser that is frequency tripled and quadrupled to generate 355-nm and 266-nm excitation wavelengths, a spectrometer, an intensified CCD detector, and a data acquisition and control system. The analysis utilizes a spectral database of fluorescence signatures of biological organisms and common interferents measured by Sandia for the Army's Edgewood Research and Development Engineering Center (ERDEC) and the Department of Energy's Chemical and Biological Non-proliferation (DOE CBNP) program. The analysis algorithms are based on algorithms developed by Sandia for an airborne UV LIF lidar system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schroder, KL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3448-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3855 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1117/12.371266 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP35E UT WOS:000084810600009 ER PT S AU Lee, RL Chan, ST Leone, JM Stevens, DE AF Lee, RL Chan, ST Leone, JM Stevens, DE BE Brebbia, CA Jacobson, M Power, H TI Airflow and dispersion around multiple buildings SO AIR POLLUTION VII SE ADVANCES IN AIR POLLUTION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Air Pollution Conference CY JUL 26-28, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Stanford Univ HO STANFORD UNIV AB A three dimensional, finite element-based, flow and dispersion model is used to simulate the transport and fate of hazardous releases in the atmosphere. Numerical results are presented for two experimental studies: (I) Airflow and dispersion over multiple blocks in a wind tunnel; and (2) Tracer study of a point release in the neighborhood of a building complex. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lee, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1369-5886 BN 1-85312-693-4 J9 ADV AIR POLLUT SER PY 1999 VL 6 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP05R UT WOS:000083991000002 ER PT S AU Stevens, DE Chan, ST Lee, RL AF Stevens, DE Chan, ST Lee, RL BE Brebbia, CA Jacobson, M Power, H TI A validation of large eddy simulation for complex urban environments SO AIR POLLUTION VII SE ADVANCES IN AIR POLLUTION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Air Pollution Conference CY JUL 26-28, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Stanford Univ HO STANFORD UNIV ID CHANNEL FLOW AB The use of large eddy simulation is becoming an important assessment tool in the field of atmospheric transport and dispersion in urban environments. This paper describes a massively parallel building airflow model which will eventually be able to investigate scale interactions of more than two orders of magnitudes. These scale interactions range from those of the typical feature on a building O(2) meters to a larger horizontal extent of multiple buildings and a vertical extent that may extend to the atmospheric boundary layer height. The model has an advanced finite element construction which allows complex geometrical configurations to be modeled. We briefly describe the object-oriented construction of the model and show how it can be used to study turbulent airflow over an isolated cubic block. This study illustrates the ability of large eddy simulation to capture transient dynamics which are important to concerns of complex urban environments. We:e conclude with plans to extend this study to arrays of rectangular blocks which are more representative of the complexity often found in urban environments. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stevens, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1369-5886 BN 1-85312-693-4 J9 ADV AIR POLLUT SER PY 1999 VL 6 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP05R UT WOS:000083991000004 ER PT S AU Chan, ST Lee, RL AF Chan, ST Lee, RL BE Brebbia, CA Jacobson, M Power, H TI A model for simulating airflow and pollutant dispersion around buildings SO AIR POLLUTION VII SE ADVANCES IN AIR POLLUTION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Air Pollution Conference CY JUL 26-28, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Stanford Univ HO STANFORD UNIV ID TURBULENT; FLOW AB A three-dimensional, numerical model for simulating airflow and pollutant dispersion around buildings is described. The model is based on an innovative finite element approach and fully implicit time integration techniques. Linear and nonlinear eddy viscosity/diffusivity submodels are provided for turbulence parameterization. Model predictions for the now-field and dispersion patterns around a surface-mounted cube are compared with measured data from laboratory experiments. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chan, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1369-5886 BN 1-85312-693-4 J9 ADV AIR POLLUT SER PY 1999 VL 6 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP05R UT WOS:000083991000005 ER PT S AU Cederwall, RT Street, RL AF Cederwall, RT Street, RL BE Brebbia, CA Jacobson, M Power, H TI Large-eddy simulation of the stable boundary layer and implications for transport and dispersion SO AIR POLLUTION VII SE ADVANCES IN AIR POLLUTION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Air Pollution Conference CY JUL 26-28, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Stanford Univ HO STANFORD UNIV AB Large-eddy simulation (LES) of the evolving stable boundary layer (SBL) provides unique data sets for assessing the effects of stable stratification on transport and dispersion. The simulations include the initial development of the convective boundary layer (CBL) in the afternoon, followed by the development of an SBL after sunset with a strong, surface-based temperature inversion. The structure of the turbulence is modified significantly by negative buoyancy associated with the temperature inversion. The magnitude of velocity variances is reduced by an order of magnitude compared to that in the CBL, and the vertical velocity variance is damped further as the static stability preferentially damps vertical motions. The advanced subgrid-scale turbulence model allows simulation of intermittently enhanced periods of turbulence in the SBL that are often observed. During these turbulent episodes, mixing is increased within the SBL. Air pollution models that account only for the long-term mean structure of the SBL do not include the effects of these episodes. in contrast, our LES results imply that material released near the surface and mixed to higher elevations would be transported by stronger winds and in different directions, due to the vertical shear of horizontal wind speed and direction. Material released at altitude in the SBL will tend to be mixed downward toward the surface during these turbulent episodes in a fumigation-like scenario at night. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cederwall, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1369-5886 BN 1-85312-693-4 J9 ADV AIR POLLUT SER PY 1999 VL 6 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP05R UT WOS:000083991000006 ER PT S AU Fast, JD AF Fast, JD BE Brebbia, CA Jacobson, M Power, H TI Air pollutant transport within the Mexico City Basin SO AIR POLLUTION VII SE ADVANCES IN AIR POLLUTION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Air Pollution Conference CY JUL 26-28, 1999 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP Wessex Inst Technol, Stanford Univ HO STANFORD UNIV AB To better understand the factors that contribute to high ozone and particulate concentrations in Mexico City, a meteorological and aerosol field campaign was conducted over a four-week period in the winter of 1997 that measured vertical profiles of wind, temperature, and humidity at several locations. A coupled mesoscale-chemistry model is employed along with wind profiler and sounding measurements to examine how thermally-driven circulations contribute to the spatial distribution of ozone across the basin. Results from the modeling system demonstrate that recirculation patterns are often formed by the interaction of local thermally-induced flows and regional ambient winds. Layers of ozone and ozone precursors are produced by these recirculation patterns and are subsequently entrained into the growing convective boundary layer. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1369-5886 BN 1-85312-693-4 J9 ADV AIR POLLUT SER PY 1999 VL 6 BP 823 EP 832 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP05R UT WOS:000083991000079 ER PT S AU Nelson, DH Petrin, RR MacKerrow, EP Schmitt, MJ Foy, BR Koskelo, AC McVey, BD Quick, CR Porch, WM Tiee, JJ Fite, CB Archuleta, FA Whitehead, MC Walters, DL AF Nelson, DH Petrin, RR MacKerrow, EP Schmitt, MJ Foy, BR Koskelo, AC McVey, BD Quick, CR Porch, WM Tiee, JJ Fite, CB Archuleta, FA Whitehead, MC Walters, DL BE Steiner, TD Merritt, PH TI Huygens-Fresnel wave-optics simulation of atmospheric optical turbulence and reflective speckle in CO2 differential absorption lidar (DIAL) SO AIRBORNE LASER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Laser Advanced Technology CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE atmospheric turbulence; laser speckle; beam propagation ID RANDOM-MEDIA; STATISTICS AB The measurement sensitivity of CO2 differential absorption lidar (DIAL) can be affected by a number of different processes. We have previously developed a Huygens-Fresnel wave optics propagation code to simulate the effects of two of these processes: effects caused by beam propagation through atmospheric optical turbulence and effects caused by reflective speckle. Atmospheric optical turbulence affects the beam distribution of energy and phase on target. These effects include beam spreading, beam wander and scintillation which can result in increased shot-to-shot signal noise. In addition, reflective speckle alone has been shown to have a major impact on the sensitivity of CO2 DIAL. However, in real DIAL systems it is a combination of these phenomena, the interaction of atmospheric optical turbulence and reflective speckle, that influences the results. The performance of our modified code with respect to experimental measurements affected by atmospheric optical turbulence and reflective speckle is examined The results of computer simulations are directly compared with lidar measurements. The limitations of our model are also discussed. In addition, studies have been performed to determine the importance of key parameters in the simulation. The results of these studies and their impact on the overall results will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nelson, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E543, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3180-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3706 BP 112 EP 120 DI 10.1117/12.356949 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN69X UT WOS:000082635800012 ER PT S AU Szymanski, JJ Borel, CC Harberger, QO Smolarkiewicz, P Theiler, J AF Szymanski, JJ Borel, CC Harberger, QO Smolarkiewicz, P Theiler, J BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Subpixel temperature retrieval with multispectral sensors SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery V CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE subpixel analysis; multispectral analysis; temperature measurements; thermal infrared ID SATELLITE AB High-quality, multispectral thermal infrared sensors can, under certain conditions, be used to measure more than one surface temperature in a single pixel. Surface temperature retrieval in general is a difficult task, because even for a single unknown surface, the problem is under-determined. For the example of an N-band sensor, a pixel with two materials at two temperatures will, in principle, have 2(N+1) unknowns (N emissivities and one temperature for each of two materials). In addition, the upwelling path and reflected downwelling radiances must be considered. Split-window (two or more bands) and multi-look (two or more images of the same scene) techniques provide additional information that can be used to reduce the uncertainties in temperature retrieval. Further reduction in the uncertainties is made if the emissivities are known, either a priori (e.g., for water) or by ancillary measurements. Ultimately, if the number of unknowns is reduced sufficiently, the performance of the sensor will determine the achievable temperature sensitivity. This paper will explore the temperature sensitivity for a pixel with two temperatures that can be obtained under various assumptions of sensor performance, atmospheric conditions, number of bands, number of looks, surface emissivity knowledge, and surface composition. Results an synthetic data sets will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Szymanski, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Mail Stop C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3191-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3717 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.353041 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN65W UT WOS:000082518500004 ER PT S AU Borel, CC Clodius, WB Szymanski, JJ Theiler, J AF Borel, CC Clodius, WB Szymanski, JJ Theiler, J BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Comparing robust and physics-based sea surface temperature retrievals for high resolution, multi-spectral thermal sensors using one or multiple looks SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery V CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sea surface temperature retrieval; cirrus cloud detection; multi-angular retrieval; multispectral thermal sensors AB With the advent of multi-spectral thermal imagers such as EOS's ASTER high spatial resolution thermal imagery of the Earth's surface will soon be a reality. Previous high resolution sensors such as Landsat 5 had only one spectral channel in the thermal infrared and its utility to determine absolute sea surface temperatures was limited to 6-8 K for water warmer than 25 deg C. This inaccuracy resulted from insufficient knowledge of the atmospheric temperature and water vapor, inaccurate sensor calibration, and cooling effects of thin high cirrus clouds. We will present two studies of algorithms and compare their performance. The first algorithm we call "robust" since it retrieves sea surface temperatures accurately over a fairly wide range of atmospheric conditions using linear combinations of nadir and off-nadir brightness temperatures. The second we call "physics-based" because it relies on physics-based models of the atmosphere. It attempts to come up with a unique sea surface temperature which fits one set of atmospheric parameters. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS Div, Mailstop C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3191-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3717 BP 58 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.353043 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN65W UT WOS:000082518500006 ER PT S AU Borel, CC Villeneuve, PV Clodius, WB AF Borel, CC Villeneuve, PV Clodius, WB BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Practical atmospheric correction algorithms for a multi-spectral sensor from the visible through the thermal spectral regions SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery V CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE atmospheric correction; multi-spectral algorithms; water vapor retrieval; cloud detection; cirrus correction ID WATER-VAPOR; AVIRIS DATA; MU-M; SCATTERING; ABSORPTION AB Deriving information about the Earth's surface requires atmospheric corrections of the measured top-of-the-atmosphere radiances. One possible path is to use atmospheric radiative transfer codes to predict how the radiance leaving the ground is affected by the scattering and attenuation. In practice the atmosphere is usually not well known and thus it is necessary to use more practical methods. We will describe how to find dark surfaces, estimate the atmospheric optical depth, estimate path radiance and identify thick clouds using thresholds on reflectance and NDVI and columnar water vapor. We describe a simple method to correct a visible channel contaminated by a thin cirrus clouds. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS Div, Mailstop C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3191-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3717 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1117/12.353033 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN65W UT WOS:000082518500015 ER PT J AU Sickafus, KE Hanrahan, RJ McClellan, KJ Mitchell, JN Wetteland, CJ Butt, DP Chodak, P Ramsey, KB Blair, TH Chidester, K Matzke, H Yasuda, K Verrall, RA Yu, N AF Sickafus, KE Hanrahan, RJ McClellan, KJ Mitchell, JN Wetteland, CJ Butt, DP Chodak, P Ramsey, KB Blair, TH Chidester, K Matzke, H Yasuda, K Verrall, RA Yu, N TI Burn and bury option for plutonium SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Technol & Safety Assessment Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyushu Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan. AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, CANDU Technol Dev, Fuel & Fuel Cycle Div, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Texas Instruments Inc, Semicond Proc & Device Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008; Mitchell, Jeremy/E-2875-2010 OI Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864; Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505 NR 0 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 78 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 159GG UT WOS:000078163400021 ER PT J AU Roe, B Allen, C AF Roe, B Allen, C TI Continuous-time feedlot management theory: An introduction to optimal control for distributed parameter systems. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1999 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1317 EP 1317 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 285VM UT WOS:000085409000420 ER PT J AU Lenkkeri, U Mannikko, M McCready, P Lamerdin, J Gribouval, O Niaudet, P Antignac, C Kashtan, CE Holmberg, C Olsen, A Kestila, M Tryggvason, K AF Lenkkeri, U Mannikko, M McCready, P Lamerdin, J Gribouval, O Niaudet, P Antignac, C Kashtan, CE Holmberg, C Olsen, A Kestila, M Tryggvason, K TI Structure of the gene for congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (NPHS1) and characterization of mutations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; HAPLOTYPE ANALYSIS; ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN; DNA-SEQUENCES; GENOMIC DNA; ORGANIZATION; EVOLUTION; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT AB Congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (NPHS1) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by mutations in the recently discovered nephrin gene, NPHS1 (AF035835). The disease, which belongs to the Finnish disease heritage, exists predominantly in Finland, but many cases have been observed else:where in Europe and North America. The nephrin gene consists of 29 exons spanning 26 kb in the chromosomal region 19q13.1. In the present study, the genomic structure of the nephrin gene was analyzed, and 35 NPHS1 patients were screened for the presence of mutations in the gene. A total of 32 novel mutations, including deletions; insertions; nonsense, missense, and splicing mutations; and two common polymorphisms were found. Only two Swedish and four Finnish patients had the typical Finnish mutations: a 2-bp deletion in exon 2 (Fin(major)) or a nonsense mutation in exon 26 (Fin(minor)). In seven cases, no mutations were found in the coding region of the NPHS1 gene or in the immediate 5'-flanking region. These patients may have mutations elsewhere in the promoter, in intron areas, or in a gene encoding another protein that interacts with nephrin. C1 Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Biochem & Biophys, Div Matrix Biol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Oulu Univ, Bioctr Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Oulu Univ, Dept Biochem, Oulu, Finland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Serv Nephrol Pediat, Paris, France. Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Helsinki, Hosp Children & Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Biochem & Biophys, Div Matrix Biol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Tryggvason, K (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Biochem & Biophys, Div Matrix Biol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. EM karl.tryggvason@mbb.ki.se RI Gribouval, Olivier/A-7689-2015 OI Gribouval, Olivier/0000-0003-0238-8224 FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR00400]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10704-36] NR 30 TC 244 Z9 263 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0002-9297 EI 1537-6605 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 64 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1086/302182 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 164RM UT WOS:000078477400009 PM 9915943 ER PT J AU Wright, TJ Altherr, MR Callen, D Hirschhorn, K AF Wright, TJ Altherr, MR Callen, D Hirschhorn, K TI Reply to the letter to the editor by Partington and Turner - "Wolf-Hirschhorn and Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndromes" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Cytogenet & Mol Genet, N Adelaide, SA, Australia. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, New York, NY USA. RP Altherr, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Callen, David/G-1975-2012 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 82 IS 1 BP 89 EP 90 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 156PD UT WOS:000078009200018 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Hitzemann, R Angrist, B Gatley, SJ Logan, J Ding, YS Pappas, N AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Hitzemann, R Angrist, B Gatley, SJ Logan, J Ding, YS Pappas, N TI Association of methylphenidate-induced craving with changes in right striato-orbitofrontal metabolism in cocaine abusers: Implications in addiction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID BRAIN GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; MARIJUANA INTOXICATION; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; DOPAMINE; PET; BINDING; MONKEY; CORTEX; PROJECTIONS AB Objective: The authors have shown that decreases in dopamine D-2 receptors in cocaine abusers were associated with decreased metabolism in the cingulate and prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices. To assess whether increasing dopamine would reverse these metabolic decrements, they measured the effects of methylphenidate, a drug that increases dopamine, on brain glucose metabolism in 20 cocaine abusers. Method: The subjects underwent two [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans, one after two sequential placebo injections and one after two intravenous doses of methylphenidate. D2 receptors were measured with [C-11]raclopride to evaluate their relation to methylphenidate-induced metabolic changes. Results: Methylphenidate induced variable changes in brain metabolism: subjects with the higher D2 measures tended to increase metabolism, whereas those with the lower D2 measures tended to decrease metabolism. Methylphenidate's effects were significant for increases in metabolism in the superior cingulate, right thalamus, and cerebellum. Methylphenidate-induced changes in the right orbitofrontal cortex and right striatum were associated with craving, and those in the prefrontal cortex were associated with mood. Conclusions: Although methylphenidate increased metabolism in the superior cingulate, it only increased metabolism in orbitofrontal or prefrontal cortices in the subjects in whom it enhanced craving and mood, respectively. This indicates that dopamine enhancement is not sufficient per se to increase metabolism in these frontal regions. Activation of the right orbitofrontal cortex and right striatum (brain regions found to be abnormal in compulsive disorders) in the subjects reporting craving may be one of the mechanisms underlying compulsive drug administration in addicted persons. The predominant correlation of craving with right but not left brain regions suggests laterality of reinforcing and/or conditioned responses. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NYU, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM volkow@bnl.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA-06891] NR 41 TC 196 Z9 201 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 156 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 153PP UT WOS:000077841700005 PM 9892293 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Roe, JH Phillipi, T Congdon, JD AF Hopkins, WA Roe, JH Phillipi, T Congdon, JD TI Digestive metabolism in banded water snakes, Nerodia fasciata. SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 5 SI SI MA 567 BP 95A EP 96A PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 292NE UT WOS:000085800400569 ER PT S AU Nelson, BP Crandall, RS Iwaniczko, E Mahan, AH Wang, Q Xu, YQ Gao, W AF Nelson, BP Crandall, RS Iwaniczko, E Mahan, AH Wang, Q Xu, YQ Gao, W BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Low hydrogen content, high quality hydrogenated amorphous silicon grown by Hot-Wire CVD SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc AB We grow hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) by Hot-Win: Chemical Vapor Deposition (HWCVD). Our early work with this technique has shown that we can grow a-Si:H that is different from typical a-Si:H materials. Specifically, we demonstrated the ability to grow a-Si:H of exceptional quality with very low hydrogen (H) contents (0.01 to 4 at. %). The deposition chambers in which this early work was done have two limitations; they hold only small-area substrates and they are incompatible with a load-lock. In our efforts to scale up to larger area chambers-that have load-lock compatibility-we encountered difficulty in growing high-quality films that also have a low H content. Substrate temperature has a direct effect on the H content of HWCVD grown a-Si:H. We found that making dramatic changes to the other deposition process parameters-at fixed substrate temperature and filament-to-substrate spacing-did not have much effect on the H content of the resulting films in our new chambers. However, these changes did have profound effects on film quality. We can grow high-quality a-Si:H in the new larger area chambers at 4 at. % H. For example, the lowest known stabilized defect density of a-Si:H is approximately 2x10(16) cm which we have grown in our new chamber at 18 Angstrom/s. Making changes to our original chamber-making it more like our new reactor-did not increase the hydrogen content at a fixed substrate temperature and filament-to-substrate spacing. We continued to grow high quality films with low H content in spite of these changes. An interesting, and very useful, result of these experiments is that the orientation of the filament with respect to silane flow direction had no influence on film quality or the H content of the films. The condition of the filament is much more important to growing quality films than the geometry of the chamber due to tungsten-silicide formation on the filament. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nelson, BP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300015 ER PT S AU Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E Xu, YQ Nelson, BP Mahan, AH AF Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E Xu, YQ Nelson, BP Mahan, AH BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Assessment of intrinsic-layer growth temperature to high-deposition-rate a-Si : H n-i-p solar cells deposited by hot-wire CVD SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; HYDROGEN DILUTION; STABILITY AB We report progress in hydrogenated amorphous silicon n-i-p solar cells with the i-layer grown by the hot-wire chemical vapor deposition technique. Early research showed that we grew device-quality materials with low saturated defect density (2 x 10(16)/cm(3)), high initial ambipolar diffusion length (similar to 2000 Angstrom) and low hydrogen content (<1%). One of the major barriers to implementing this material into solar cells is the high substrate temperature required (>400 degrees C). We re-assess the effects of low substrate temperature on the property of the films and the performance of the solar cells as an alternative avenue to solving this problem. We find that the material grown at 300 degrees C can have similar values of saturated defect density and ambipolar diffusion length as the one grown greater than 400 degrees C. We also study the effect of i-layer substrate temperature ranging from 280 degrees to 440 degrees C for n-i-p solar cells. We now consistently grow devices with Fill Factor (FF) greater than 0.66, with the best close to 0.70 at lower substrate temperature. A collaboration with United Solar System, in where they grew the p-layer and top contact, produced devices with initial efficiencies as high as 9.8%. We produce n-i-p solar cells with initial efficiencies as high as 8% when we grow all the hydrogenated amorphous silicon and top contact layers. All these i-layers are grown at deposition rates of 16 to 18 Angstrom/sec. We need to further improve our p-layer and transparent conductor layer to equal the collaborative cell efficiency. We also report light-soaking results of these devices. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300025 ER PT S AU Mahan, AH Yang, J Guha, S Williamson, DL AF Mahan, AH Yang, J Guha, S Williamson, DL BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Structural changes in a-Si : H films deposited on the edge of crystallinity SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON; DILUTION AB Using infrared, H evolution and x-ray diffraction (XRD), the structure of high H dilution, glow discharge deposited a-Si:H films 'on the edge of crystallinity' is examined. From the Si-H wag mode peak frequency and the XRD results, we postulate the existence of very small Si crystallites contained within the as-grown amorphous matrix, with the vast majority of the bonded H located on these crystallite surfaces. Upon annealing at ramp rates of 8-15 degrees C/min, a H evolution peak at similar to 400 degrees C appears, and film crystallization is observed at temperatures as low as 500 degrees C, both of which are far below those observed for a-Si:H films grown without H dilution using similar rates. While the crystallite volume fraction is too small to be detected by XRD in the as-grown films, these crystallites enable the crystallization of the remainder of the amorphous matrix upon moderate annealing, thus explaining the existence of the low temperature H evolution peak. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mahan, AH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300040 ER PT S AU Shinar, J Shinar, R Junge, KE Iwaniczko, E Mahan, AH Crandall, RS Branz, HM AF Shinar, J Shinar, R Junge, KE Iwaniczko, E Mahan, AH Crandall, RS Branz, HM BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Comparative study of hydrogen diffusion in hot-wire and glow-discharge-deposited a-Si : H SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; DISPERSIVE DIFFUSION; RELAXATION; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; MOTION AB Long-range atomic H motion in hot-wire deposited (HW) a-Si:H is compared directly to that in glow-discharge deposited (GD) a-Si:H by monitoring the deuterium secondary ion mass spectrometry (DSIMS) profiles in [GD a-Si:H]/[GD a-Si:(H,D)]/[HW aSi:H] multilayers vs annealing temperature and time. While the profiles in the GD layer are in excellent agreement with complementary error-function behavior and previous studies, the profiles in the HW layer suggest that the multiple-trapping motion of the H and D atoms is much slower, possibly due to an interface layer of defects. However, an exponential "tail" of D atoms extends deep into the HW layer, probably due to a long diffusion length of mobile D atoms, consistent with the established release times of H and D from the GD layer and H loss typical during growth of HW films. The results are also discussed in terms of the H exchange model and compared to previous NMR studies of HW a-Si:H, which suggest that most of the hydrogen in the HW layer is concentrated in H-rich clusters dispersed in a network of very low H content. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shinar, J (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 299 EP 304 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300044 ER PT S AU Webb, JD Gedvilas, LM Crandall, RS Iwaniczko, E Nelson, BP Mahan, AH Reedy, R Matson, RJ AF Webb, JD Gedvilas, LM Crandall, RS Iwaniczko, E Nelson, BP Mahan, AH Reedy, R Matson, RJ BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Anisotropy in hydrogenated amorphous silicon films as observed using polarized FTIR-ATR spectroscopy SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION AB We used polarized attenuated total reflection (ATR) measurements together with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the vibrational spectra of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-SiHx) films 0.5-1.0 microns in thickness. We deposited the films using hot-wire or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition methods (HWCVD or PECVD, respectively) on crystalline silicon and cadmium telluride substrates. Our ATR technique gave a spectral range from 2100-400 cm(-1), although the Si-H wagging mode absorption band at 640 cm(-1) was somewhat distorted in the a-SiHx/Si samples by impurity and lattice absorption in the silicon ATR substrates. We report the identification of a Si-O-C impurity band with maximum intensity at 1240-1230 cm(-1). The assignment of this band to a Si-O-C vibration is supported by secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements. Our polarized FTIR-ATR spectra of HWCVD and PECVD a-SiHx films on < 111 > Si ATR substrates show that the impurity dipoles are oriented strongly parallel to the film growth direction. The wagging mode absorbance band is more intense in the film plane. This trend is less pronounced for the Si-H stretching vibrations. These observations are consistent with some degree of anisotropy or medium-range order in the films. The anisotropy in the Si-H bands may be related to residual stress in the films. Our scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of the samples offer additional evidence of bulk structural anisotropy in the a-SiHx/Si films. However, the Si-O-C impurity band was not observed in the polarized ATR-FTIR spectra of the a-SiHx/CdTe samples, thus indicating that the Si substrates influence formation of the impurity in the aSiH(x)/Si films. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Webb, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300046 ER PT S AU Heck, S Branz, HM AF Heck, S Branz, HM BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Slow degradation of hydrogenated amorphous silicon photoconductivity under pulsed illumination SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc ID SI AB We degraded hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) using red light pulses of 32 microseconds to 2 milliseconds. These metastable photoconductivity degradations were compared to degradation with continuous light of the same intensity and same exposure time; For a given integrated exposure time we observe higher degraded photoconductivities (by up to 40%) as we shorten the pulses. For example, to obtain the same amount of degradation with 120 microsecond pulses as with continuous illumination, the integrated sample exposure time must be doubled. Experiments were conducted to exclude thermal effects. Our result cannot be explained with a simple recombination-driven degradation mechanism, because electron and hole populations rise and fall to steady-state values in only a few microseconds. We conclude that carrier recombination creates a more proximate precursor to metastable degradation of a-Si:H. When illumination begins, this precursor's density rises more slowly than the density of photocarriers and therefore degradation is delayed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Heck, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300051 ER PT S AU Branz, HM AF Branz, HM BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Hydrogen diffusion in the hydrogen collision model of amorphous silicon metastability SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc ID A-SI-H; MECHANISM AB The trap-controlled model of H diffusion that underpins the H collision model of amorphous silicon metastability provides new insight into thermal and light-enhanced H diffusion in a-Si:H. The longstanding puzzle of the linear DB-dependence of diffusion coefficient with doping is resolved. Expressions for the light-induced H diffusion coefficient are derived with and without D-for-H exchange reactions. It is shown that D-for-H exchange does not affect the long-time diffusion coefficient that is measured under illumination. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Branz, HM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300056 ER PT S AU Fleming, JG Lin, SY AF Fleming, JG Lin, SY BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Structured polysilicon for photonic applications SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc ID BAND-GAP AB Three-dimensional photonic lattices have been fabricated in the infrared using a combination of advanced silicon processes. The structures display bandgaps centered at 12 mu and 1.55 mu. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 615 EP 620 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300094 ER PT S AU Sopori, B Madjdpour, J Zhang, Y Chen, W Guha, S Yang, J Banerjee, A Hegedus, S AF Sopori, B Madjdpour, J Zhang, Y Chen, W Guha, S Yang, J Banerjee, A Hegedus, S BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Optical modeling of a-Si solar cells SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc AB We describe applications of PV Optics to analyze the behavior of a metallic back-reflector on an a-Si solar cell. The calculated results from PV Optics agree well with the measured data on solar cells. Several unexpected results obtained from these calculations are qualitatively explained. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 755 EP 760 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300116 ER PT S AU Von Roedern, B Bauer, GH AF Von Roedern, B Bauer, GH BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Material requirements for buffer layers used to obtain solar cells with high open circuit voltages SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc ID SILICON AB This paper discusses material requirements for junction layers needed to obtain solar cells with highest possible open-circuit voltages (V(OC)). In a typical a-Si:H-based "p/i/n" solar cell, this includes the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) contact layer, the p-layer, a "buffer layer" inserted at the p/i interface, and the surface portion of the intrinsic layer. In HIT-cells, the i-layer between (n-type) c-Si and (p-type) a-Si:H may be regarded as the buffer. Our suggestion to obtain high values of V(OC) relies on using materials with high lifetimes and low carrier mobilities that are capable of reducing surface or junction recombination by reducing the flow of carriers into this loss-pathway. We provide a general calculation that supports these approaches and can explain why these schemes are beneficial for all solar cells. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Von Roedern, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 761 EP 766 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300117 ER PT S AU Hong, WS Zhong, F Mireshghi, A Perez-Mendez, V AF Hong, WS Zhong, F Mireshghi, A Perez-Mendez, V BE Branz, HM Collins, RW Okamoto, H Guha, S Schropp, R TI Signal amplification and leakage current suppression in amorphous silicon P-I-N diodes by field profile tailoring SO AMORPHOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SILICON THIN FILMS: FUNDAMENTALS TO DEVICES-1999 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Film - Fundamentals to Devices-1999 Held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Akzo Nobel Chem & Coatings, Energy Convers Devices Inc, Fuji Elect Co, MVSyst Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co, Solarex Corp, SONY Corp, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc AB The performance of amorphous silicon p-i-n diodes as radiation detectors in terms of signal amplitude can be greatly improved when there is a built-in signal gain mechanism. We describe an avalanche gain mechanism which is achieved by introducing stacked intrinsic, p-type, and n-type layers into the diode structure. We replaced the intrinsic layer of the conventional p-i-n diode with i(1)-p-i(2)-n-i(3) multilayers. The i(2) layer (typically 1 similar to 3 mu m) achieves an electric field > 10(6) V/cm, while maintaining the p-i interfaces to the metallic contact at electric fields < 7 x 10(4) V/cm, when the diode is fully depleted. For use in photo-diode applications the whole structure is less than 10 mu m thick. Avalanche gains of 10 similar to 50 can be obtained when the diode is biased to similar to 500 V. Also, dividing the electrodes to strips of 2 mu m width and 20 mu m pitch reduced the leakage current up to an order of magnitude, and increased light transmission without creating inactive regions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hong, WS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-464-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 557 BP 851 EP 856 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP67F UT WOS:000085825300131 ER PT J AU Raffen, R Stevens, FJ AF Raffen, R Stevens, FJ TI Small zone, high-speed gel filtration chromatography to detect protein aggregation associated with light chain pathologies SO AMYLOID, PRIONS, AND OTHER PROTEIN AGGREGATES SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BENCE-JONES PROTEINS; SELF-ASSOCIATION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; DEPOSITION; SIMULATION; PROFILES; SYSTEMS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Raffen, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43757] NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1999 VL 309 BP 318 EP 332 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BP32V UT WOS:000084721400021 PM 10507033 ER PT B AU Howell, JP Nelson, DZ AF Howell, JP Nelson, DZ BE Northwood, DO Abramovici, E Shehata, MT Wylie, J TI Inspection and analysis of aluminium racks in spent fuel storage basins SO ANALYSIS OF IN-SERVICE FAILURES AND ADVANCES IN MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society on Analysis of In-Service Failures and Advances in Microstructural Characterization CY JUL 26-29, 1998 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Int Metallog Soc, Columbus, ASM Int, Mat Park AB Aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel is stored in water filled basins at the Savannah River Site awaiting processing or other disposition. After more than 35 years of service underwater, the aluminum storage racks that position the fuel bundles in the basin were replaced. During the removal of the racks from the basin, a failure occurred in one of the racks and the Savannah River Technology Center was asked to investigate. This paper presents the results of the failure analysis and provides a discussion of the effects of corrosion on the structural integrity of the storage racks. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Howell, JP (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-636-9 J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1999 VL 26 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BN62W UT WOS:000082415900010 ER PT B AU Kelly, AM Bingert, SR Thoma, DJ AF Kelly, AM Bingert, SR Thoma, DJ BE Northwood, DO Abramovici, E Shehata, MT Wylie, J TI Application of new tantalum metallographic preparation techniques to group IV and V metals SO ANALYSIS OF IN-SERVICE FAILURES AND ADVANCES IN MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society on Analysis of In-Service Failures and Advances in Microstructural Characterization CY JUL 26-29, 1998 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Int Metallog Soc, Columbus, ASM Int, Mat Park AB A new metallographic preparation technique, which was originally developed for powder metallurgy (P/M) tantalum product, has been investigated with respect to other Group V as well as Group IV metals. From this study, variations of the preparation technique have proven to be highly effective for evaluating the microstructures of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, hafnium, and their respective alloys. In some cases, it is believed that the new techniques represent significant improvements over other methods described in metallographic literature. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelly, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-636-9 J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1999 VL 26 BP 347 EP 353 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BN62W UT WOS:000082415900047 ER PT B AU Abeln, TG Kachenko, EJ Necker, CT Field, RD AF Abeln, TG Kachenko, EJ Necker, CT Field, RD BE Northwood, DO Abramovici, E Shehata, MT Wylie, J TI Interface characterization techniques for 304L stainless steel resistance upset welds SO ANALYSIS OF IN-SERVICE FAILURES AND ADVANCES IN MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society on Analysis of In-Service Failures and Advances in Microstructural Characterization CY JUL 26-29, 1998 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Int Metallog Soc, Columbus, ASM Int, Mat Park AB In an effort to better characterize and classify austenitic stainless steel resistance upset welds, standard methods have been examined and alternative methods investigated. Optical microscopy yields subjective classification due to deformation obscured bond lines and individual perception. The use of specimen preparations that better reveal grain boundaries aids in substantiating optical information. Electron microscopy techniques produce quantitative information in relation to microstructural constituents. Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) is a relatively new technique for obtaining objective, quantitative information pertaining to weld integrity, i.e., percent grain boundary growth across the interface. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Abeln, TG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-636-9 J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1999 VL 26 BP 371 EP 379 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BN62W UT WOS:000082415900050 ER PT B AU Thissell, WR Zurek, AK Rivas, JM Tonks, DL Hixson, RS AF Thissell, WR Zurek, AK Rivas, JM Tonks, DL Hixson, RS BE Northwood, DO Abramovici, E Shehata, MT Wylie, J TI Damage evolution and clustering in shock loaded tantalum SO ANALYSIS OF IN-SERVICE FAILURES AND ADVANCES IN MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION SE MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Technical Meeting of the International-Metallographic-Society on Analysis of In-Service Failures and Advances in Microstructural Characterization CY JUL 26-29, 1998 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Int Metallog Soc, Columbus, ASM Int, Mat Park ID DYNAMIC FRACTURE; DUCTILE; ALLOYS; SOLIDS AB Two grades of tantalum were shock loaded by plate impact and recovered. The loading conditions were varied to study the damage evolution in the materials from incipient to full spallation. We performed quantitative image analysis and optical profilometry on the recovered specimens. Statistical analyses are shown of the void sizes, void clustering, and void linking in the two material grades. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thissell, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-636-9 J9 MICROSTR SC PY 1999 VL 26 BP 497 EP 505 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BN62W UT WOS:000082415900069 ER PT B AU Lesage, LG AF Lesage, LG BE Sarkisov, AA duClos, AT TI Overview of the 1995 NATO ARW on Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems SO ANALYSIS OF RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH NUCLEAR SUBMARINE DECOMMISSIONING, DISMANTLING AND DISPOSAL SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Analysis of Risks Associated with Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantling and Disposal CY NOV 24-26, 1997 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO, Sci & Environm Affairs Div, Russian Acad Sci, Nuclear Safety Inst C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lesage, LG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5597-0 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1999 VL 24 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN21J UT WOS:000081102700001 ER PT B AU Benjamin, AS AF Benjamin, AS BE Sarkisov, AA duClos, AT TI Dynamic modeling of physical phenomena for probabilistic assessment of spent fuel accidents SO ANALYSIS OF RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH NUCLEAR SUBMARINE DECOMMISSIONING, DISMANTLING AND DISPOSAL SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Analysis of Risks Associated with Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning, Dismantling and Disposal CY NOV 24-26, 1997 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO, Sci & Environm Affairs Div, Russian Acad Sci, Nuclear Safety Inst AB If there should be an accident involving drainage of all the water from a spent fuel pool, the fuel elements will heat up until the heat produced by radioactive decay is balanced by that removed by natural convection to air, thermal radiation, and other means. If the temperatures become high enough for the cladding or other materials to ignite due to rapid oxidation, then some of the fuel might melt, leading to an undesirable release of radioactive materials. The amount of melting is dependent upon the fuel loading configuration and its age, the oxidation and melting characteristics of the materials, and the potential effectiveness of recovery actions. We have developed methods for modeling the pertinent physical phenomena and integrating the results with a probabilistic treatment of the uncertainty distributions. The net result is a set of complementary cumulative distribution functions for the amount of fuel melted. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Benjamin, AS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,M-S 0405, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5597-0 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1999 VL 24 BP 201 EP 215 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN21J UT WOS:000081102700024 ER PT B AU Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP Gleason, SS Jensen, D Lakhani, F AF Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP Gleason, SS Jensen, D Lakhani, F BE Kolbesen, BO Claeys, C Stallhofer, P Tardif, F Benton, J Shaffner, T Schroder, D Kishino, S RaiChoudhury, P TI Integrated yield management SO ANALYTICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND PROCESSES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Analytical Techniques for Semiconductor Materials and Process Characterization III (ALTECH 99) CY SEP 16-17, 1999 CL LEUVEN, BELGIUM DE integrated yield management; automatic defect classification; spatial signature analysis; statistical process control; electrical test ID AUTOMATIC DEFECT CLASSIFICATION AB As integrated circuit fabrication processes continue to increase in complexity, it has been determined that data collection, retention, and retrieval rates will continue to increase at an alarming rate. At future technology nodes, the time required to source manufacturing problems must at least remain constant to maintain anticipated productivity. Strategies and software methods for integrated yield management (IYM) have been identified as critical for maintaining this productivity. IYM must use integrated circuit design, visible defect, parametric, and functional test data to recognize process trends and excursions so that yield-detracting mechanisms can be rapidly identified and corrected. IYM will require a merging of the various data sources that are maintained throughout the fabrication environment. The availability of multiple data sources and the evolution of automated analysis techniques such as automatic defect classification (ADC) and spatial signature analysis (SSA) are providing mechanisms to convert basic defect, parametric, and electrical data into useful prediction and control information. In this paper we will discuss the current trends towards data management technology integration and suggest new directions for future IYM strategies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Escarabajal, Juan Antonio/C-5644-2012 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-239-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 16 BP 298 EP 310 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Optics GA BN57H UT WOS:000082287600026 ER PT B AU Ciszek, TF Wang, TH Landry, M Matthaus, A Mihalik, GB AF Ciszek, TF Wang, TH Landry, M Matthaus, A Mihalik, GB BE Kolbesen, BO Claeys, C Stallhofer, P Tardif, F Benton, J Shaffner, T Schroder, D Kishino, S RaiChoudhury, P TI A silicon ingot lifetime tester for large crystals SO ANALYTICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND PROCESSES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Analytical Techniques for Semiconductor Materials and Process Characterization III (ALTECH 99) CY SEP 16-17, 1999 CL LEUVEN, BELGIUM AB A lifetime-measurement instrument has been developed to characterize large silicon ingots prior to wafering and polishing. It uses the direct-current photoconductance decay method and localized probing and illumination to achieve the necessary sensitivity on low-resistivity, large samples. A 940-nm, 60-Wp, pulsed-laser diode beam (250-mu s width, <100-ns cut-off) lights the as-cropped silicon surface between two ohmic-contact probes. A user-friendly graphical interface supports data acquisition, lifetime calculation, and data storage. Pneumatic systems position the ingot and probes. Three-dimensional, finite-element analysis indicates that the detection depth of this technique is much better than the microwave or radio-frequency techniques. It also shows that the as-cropped surface finish is adequate for measuring bulk lifetimes on the order of 50 mu s or less-a typical range for Czochralski ingots used in photovoltaic module production. Measurement repeatability and clear distinction among different grades of feedstock materials have been demonstrated. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ciszek, TF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-239-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 16 BP 365 EP 372 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Optics GA BN57H UT WOS:000082287600031 ER PT J AU Nassar, AEF Lucas, SV Thomas, SA AF Nassar, AEF Lucas, SV Thomas, SA TI Determination of O-isopropyl methylphosphonic acid in living microorganism-agar matrixes using ion chromatography conductivity detection SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ion chromatography (IC); conductivity detection; microorganism; agar ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; DEGRADATION; PRODUCTS; ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATION AB A direct anion exchange ion chromatography (IC)-based method for the detection of the chemical warfare (CW) agent degradation product, O-isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) in agar medium has been developed. This is the first report of the development and validation of an IC-based method for the analysis of IMPA in a microorganism and agar matrix. In these experiments, IMPA served as a surrogate for the CW agent GB (Sarin) in a development program for living micro-organism-based CW agent destruction systems. Petri dishes containing the medium with 10, 100 and 1000 mu g/mL IMPA were used. Samples were prepared by dilution of the agar medium with deionized water followed by sonication and then filtration before the analysis by IC/conductivity detection. Using this method, the amount of IMPA in the Petri dishes was measured. Excellent separation efficiency and freedom from interference due to common anions such as chloride and sulfate was obtained in the developed method. Retention time precision was less than or equal to 1.0 % relative standard deviation (%RSD) and the detection limit was 0.1 mu g/mL. Calibration curves using five IMPA. concentrations over the range 1-100 mu g/mL in blank agar matrices at three different dilutions (0-fold, 4-fold, and 40-fold diluted with reagent water) gave correlation coefficients (r(2)) of 0.997, 0.992, and 0.995, respectively. Using three different samples and IMPA spiked into the quenched agar matrix at three levels (10, 100, and 1000 mu g/mL), analysis accuracy was reflected by average spike recoveries of 76, 79, and 84%, respectively. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Bel Air, MD 21015 USA. Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Nassar, AEF (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 2012 Tollgate Rd, Bel Air, MD 21015 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1999 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1023 EP 1035 DI 10.1080/00032719908542874 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 180HB UT WOS:000079379100015 ER PT J AU Watts, WE Isola, NR Frazier, D Vo-Dinh, T AF Watts, WE Isola, NR Frazier, D Vo-Dinh, T TI Differentiation of normal and neoplastic cells by synchronous fluorescence: Rat liver epithelial and rat hepatoma cell models SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE synchronous luminescence; synchronous fluorescence; cancer diagnosis; normal rat liver epithelial; hepatoma cell lines ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORESCENCE; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CANCER-DIAGNOSIS; METABOLITES; TISSUE; URINE AB In the present study, conventional and synchronous luminescence (SL) were utilized to investigate spectral differences in normal and neoplastic cells. The synchronous fluorescence (SF) method involves scanning simultaneously both emission and excitation wavelengths while keeping a constant wavelength interval between them. This SF procedure simplifies the emission spectrum and provides for greater selectivity and is used to detect subtle differences in the fluorescence emission of the biochemical species of cells from rat tissues. A difference between the fluorescent spectra of the normal rat liver epithelial (RLE) and hepatoma cell lines were detected using synchronous fluorescence. The potential use of SF as a screening tool for cancer diagnosis is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Vet Hosp, Comparat & Expt Med Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1999 VL 32 IS 13 BP 2583 EP 2594 DI 10.1080/00032719908542989 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 247GG UT WOS:000083212300004 ER PT J AU Stride, JA Jayasooriya, UA Eckert, J AF Stride, JA Jayasooriya, UA Eckert, J TI Dynamics of ligated water molecules in oxo-centered trinuclear carboxylates: An incoherent inelastic neutron scattering study SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE aquo complexes; hydrogen bonds; isotope effects; neutron scattering; vibrational spectroscopy ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; LIBRATIONAL MODES; METAL-COMPLEXES; BASIC ACETATES; MIXED-VALENCE; CHROMIUM(III); IRON(III); SPECTROMETER; CLUSTERS C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Chem Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ E Anglia, Sch Chem Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM u.jayasooriya@uea.ac.uk NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990115)38:1/2<116::AID-ANIE116>3.3.CO;2-P PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 160KU UT WOS:000078230400016 ER PT J AU Nash, CS Bursten, BE AF Nash, CS Bursten, BE TI Spin-orbit coupling versus the VSEPR method: On the possibility of a nonplanar structure for the super-heavy noble gas tetrafluoride (118)F-4 SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electronic structure; noble gases; spin-orbit coupling; transuranium elements; VSEPR model ID RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ELEMENT-118; FLUORIDES; OPERATORS; CHEMISTRY; RN C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bursten, BE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, 120 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bursten.1@osu.edu NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990115)38:1/2<151::AID-ANIE151>3.3.CO;2-T PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 160KU UT WOS:000078230400028 ER PT J AU Loy, DA Rahimian, K Samara, M AF Loy, DA Rahimian, K Samara, M TI Phenylene-bridged cyclic siloxanes as precursors to nonshrinking sol-gel systems and their use as encapsulants SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ring-opening polymerization; sol-gel processes; siloxanes C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Encapsulants & Foams Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Loy, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Encapsulants & Foams Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 4 BP 555 EP 557 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990215)38:4<555::AID-ANIE555>3.0.CO;2-# PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 168QR UT WOS:000078704200031 ER PT J AU Okada, SY Jelinek, R Charych, D AF Okada, SY Jelinek, R Charych, D TI Induced color change of conjugated polymeric vesicles by interfacial catalysis of phospholipase A(2) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE biosensors; conjugation; enzyme catalysis; enzyme inhibitors; vesicles ID GAS WATER INTERFACE; COLORIMETRIC DETECTION; POLYDIACETYLENE MONOLAYER; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; MIXED LIPOSOMES; FILMS; INHIBITION; TRANSITION; ASSAY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Charych, D (reprint author), Chiron Technol, 4560 Horton Ave, Emeryville, CA 94607 USA. RI JELINEK, RAZ/F-2023-2012; OI jelinek, raz/0000-0002-0336-1384 NR 36 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 5 BP 655 EP 659 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990301)38:5<655::AID-ANIE655>3.3.CO;2-W PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 174NT UT WOS:000079041800011 ER PT J AU Chen, XZ Sieve, B Henning, R Schultz, AJ Brazis, P Kannewurf, CR Cowen, JA Crosby, R Kanatzidis, MG AF Chen, XZ Sieve, B Henning, R Schultz, AJ Brazis, P Kannewurf, CR Cowen, JA Crosby, R Kanatzidis, MG TI Ln(2)Al(3)Si(2) (Ln = Ho, Er, Tm): New silicides from molten aluminum-determination of the Al/Si distribution with neutron crystallography and metamagnetic transitions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE aluminum; conducting materials; lanthanides; magnetic properties; silicon ID METAL SILICIDES; T=TI; TA C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 5 BP 693 EP 696 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990301)38:5<693::AID-ANIE693>3.0.CO;2-X PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 174NT UT WOS:000079041800024 ER PT J AU Eickmeier, C Holmes, D Junga, H Matzger, AJ Scherhag, F Shim, M Vollhardt, KPC AF Eickmeier, C Holmes, D Junga, H Matzger, AJ Scherhag, F Shim, M Vollhardt, KPC TI A novel phenylene topology: Total syntheses of zigzag [4]- and [5]phenylene SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE antiaromaticity; hydrocarbons; phenylenes; polycycles; strained molecules ID PHENYLENES; BIPHENYLENE; CARBON; POLYMER; STRAIN; ATOMS; SP2 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vollhard@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Shim, Moonsub/A-7875-2009; Matzger, Adam/G-7497-2016 OI Shim, Moonsub/0000-0001-7781-1029; Matzger, Adam/0000-0002-4926-2752 NR 29 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 6 BP 800 EP 804 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990315)38:6<800::AID-ANIE800>3.3.CO;2-D PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 177VX UT WOS:000079232700012 ER PT J AU Dai, S Burleigh, MC Shin, Y Morrow, CC Barnes, CE Xue, ZL AF Dai, S Burleigh, MC Shin, Y Morrow, CC Barnes, CE Xue, ZL TI Imprint coating: A novel synthesis of selective functionalized ordered mesoporous sorbents SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE mesophases; mesoporosity; molecular recognition; surface chemistry; template synthesis ID METAL-ION; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; ADSORPTION; TEMPLATE; SURFACE; COMPLEXES; ADSORBENT; POLYMERS; URANYL; GLASS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 32 TC 275 Z9 287 U1 7 U2 69 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1235 EP 1239 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990503)38:9<1235::AID-ANIE1235>3.0.CO;2-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 194AN UT WOS:000080170100012 ER PT J AU Overgaard, J Schiott, B Larsen, FK Schultz, AJ MacDonald, JC Iversen, BB AF Overgaard, J Schiott, B Larsen, FK Schultz, AJ MacDonald, JC Iversen, BB TI Strong N-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonding in a model compound of the catalytic triad in serine proteases SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE charge density; enzyme catalysis; hydrogen bonds; neutron diffraction; serine proteases ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; AB-INITIO; X-RAY; BENZOYLACETONE; MOLECULE; ANION C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Iversen, BB (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RI Overgaard, Jacob/C-3519-2008; Schiott, Birgit/F-5067-2011; OI Schiott, Birgit/0000-0001-9937-1562; Overgaard, Jacob/0000-0001-6492-7962 NR 17 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1239 EP 1242 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990503)38:9<1239::AID-ANIE1239>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 194AN UT WOS:000080170100013 ER PT J AU Lo, HC Buriez, O Kerr, JB Fish, RH AF Lo, HC Buriez, O Kerr, JB Fish, RH TI Bioorganometallic chemistry part 11. Regioselective reduction of NAD(+) models with [Cp*Rh(bpy)H](+): Structure-activity relationships and mechanistic aspects in the formation of the 1,4-NADH derivatives SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cofactors; hydrido complexes; reductions; regioselectivity; rhodium ID REGENERATION; COMPLEXES; NADH; ELECTRODE; SLIPPAGE; NAD(P)+; DRIVEN C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fish, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1429 EP 1432 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990517)38:10<1429::AID-ANIE1429>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 198WZ UT WOS:000080448400017 ER PT J AU Loweth, CJ Caldwell, WB Peng, XG Alivisatos, AP Schultz, PG AF Loweth, CJ Caldwell, WB Peng, XG Alivisatos, AP Schultz, PG TI DNA-based assembly of gold nanocrystals SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE DNA structures; gold; self-assembly ID SELF-ORGANIZATION; NANOPARTICLES; SUPERLATTICES; CHEMISTRY; ARRAYS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; peng, xiaogang/R-6184-2016 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; peng, xiaogang/0000-0002-5606-8472 NR 26 TC 531 Z9 536 U1 7 U2 146 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1808 EP 1812 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990614)38:12<1808::AID-ANIE1808>3.0.CO;2-C PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 211AA UT WOS:000081136700030 ER PT J AU Turler, A Bruchle, W Dressler, R Eichler, B Eichler, R Gaggeler, HW Gartner, M Glatz, JP Gregorich, KE Hubener, S Jost, DT Lebedev, VY Pershina, VG Schadel, M Taut, S Timokhin, SN Trautmann, N Vahle, A Yakushev, AB AF Turler, A Bruchle, W Dressler, R Eichler, B Eichler, R Gaggeler, HW Gartner, M Glatz, JP Gregorich, KE Hubener, S Jost, DT Lebedev, VY Pershina, VG Schadel, M Taut, S Timokhin, SN Trautmann, N Vahle, A Yakushev, AB TI First measurement of a thermochemical property of a seaborgium compound SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE gas chromatography; gas-phase chemistry; seaborgium; thermochemistry; transuranium elements ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MO C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Radio & Umweltchem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-76199 Mainz, Germany. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, Directorate Gen, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Turler, A (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Radio & Umweltchem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Eichler, Robert/G-5130-2011; Turler, Andreas/D-3913-2014 OI Turler, Andreas/0000-0002-4274-1056 NR 10 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 15 BP 2212 EP 2213 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990802)38:15<2212::AID-ANIE2212>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 223WP UT WOS:000081864800015 ER PT J AU Itoh, KM Watanabe, M Ootuka, Y Haller, EE AF Itoh, KM Watanabe, M Ootuka, Y Haller, EE TI Scaling analysis of the low temperature conductivity in neutron-transmutation-doped Ge-70 : Ga SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Disorder and Interaction in Transport Phenomena (LOCALIZATION 1999) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 1999 CL UNIV HAMBURG, HAMBURG, GERMANY HO UNIV HAMBURG DE disordered solids; metal-insulator transitions; doped semiconductor ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; DISORDERED-SYSTEMS; EXPONENT; DIFFUSION AB We report on the scaling analysis of low temperature electron transport properties of nominally uncompensated neutron-transmutation-doped Ge-70:Ga samples in the critical regime for the metal-insulator transition. Ga concentration (N) and temperature (T) dependent conductivities sigma(N,T) are shown to collapse onto a single universal curve using finite temperature scaling of a form sigma(N,T) proportional to T-x f(\N/N-c - 1\/T-y) with x approximate to 0.38 and y approximate to 0.32 for the very small region of N = N-c +/- 0.004N(c). The conductivity critical exponent mu = x/y = 1.2 +/- 0.2 found from this analysis is significantly larger than mu approximate to 0.5 found from the analysis we performed previously on the same series of samples covering the much larger region of the concentration N-c < N < 1.4N(c). Determination of the true critical region, either N = N-c +/- 0.4% or N = N-c +/- 40%, is necessary in the future for the reliable determination of mu in Ge:Ga. C1 Keio Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Physicoinformat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Itoh, KM (reprint author), Keio Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Physicoinformat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. RI Itoh, Kohei/C-5738-2014 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PY 1999 VL 8 IS 7-9 BP 631 EP 637 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3889(199911)8:7/9<631::AID-ANDP631>3.3.CO;2-Y PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 248HZ UT WOS:000083270200014 ER PT S AU Davis, PT Bierman, PR Marsella, KA Caffee, MW Southon, JR AF Davis, PT Bierman, PR Marsella, KA Caffee, MW Southon, JR BE Kleman, J TI Cosmogenic analysis of glacial terrains in the eastern Canadian Arctic: a test for inherited nuclides and the effectiveness of glacial erosion SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Glaciers and the Glaciated Landscape CY AUG 17-20, 1998 CL KIRUNA, SWEDEN SP Int Glaciol Soc ID SOUTHWESTERN CUMBERLAND PENINSULA; LAURENTIDE ICE SHEET; BAFFIN-ISLAND; HISTORY; MAXIMUM; RATES; LAKE; SEA AB To determine the effectiveness of glacial erosion and the magnitude of cosmogenic nuclide inheritance from prior periods of cosmic-ray exposure, we measured the abundance of Be-10 and Al-26 in nine samples collected from bedrock, boulders and cobbles exposed by the retreat of Tumbling Glacier, Baffin Island, Canada. Most samples had nuclide concentrations so low that we were only able to set upper limits for nuclide abundance. Three boulders, two on a Neoglacial moraine of Tumbling Glacier that impounds Crater Lake and one on a roche moutonnee within the Neoglacial moraine loop, had nuclide abundances indicating no more than 900 yr of exposure at the surface. Three bedrock samples, striated by Tumbling Glacier and exposed by ice retreat within the last 20 yr, have similarly low nuclide abundances. One bedrock sample, covered by Tumbling Glacier ice for some part of the Holocene but not eroded, allows us to estimate crudely the duration of Neoglaciation at our sample site (about 5450 yr) and to provide a lower limit on the erosion rate of Tumbling Glacier (0.10 +/- 0.03 mm a(-1)). We analyzed two cobbles collected from the tops of roches moutonnees at Crater Lake; one cobble had the equivalent of 3000 yr of exposure, the other < 900 yr. C1 Bentley Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Davis, PT (reprint author), Bentley Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 53 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-23-7 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 1999 VL 28 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.3189/172756499781821805 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geography; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geography; Geology GA BP17L UT WOS:000084312000027 ER PT J AU Dalal, SR Hamada, MS Wang, TJ AF Dalal, SR Hamada, MS Wang, TJ TI How to improve performance of software systems: A methodology and a case study for tuning performance SO ANNALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Review AB Before software systems are shipped, they are tuned to optimize their field performance. This process is called performance tuning. Performance tuning is used to find the best settings for a set of tunable, or changeable, parameters like buffer space, disk file allocation, main memory partition, I/O priority, process scheduling quantum, etc. Examples of performance measures to be optimized are: query or transaction loss, throughput rate, response time, etc. Improperly tuned systems can create field problems even if there are no software faults in the product. Hence, it is important that software systems be tuned for optimal performance before they are delivered. However, optimal performance tuning is quite complex because of: exponentially many alternatives, unknown functional relationships between parameters and performance measures, stochastically fluctuating system performance, and expensive empirical experiments. For these reasons, tuning is typically practiced as an art and depends heavily on the intuitions of experts. In this paper, we examine a method for tuning which is repeatable and produces consistently superior results across many different applications. This method, based upon Robust Experimental Design, has revolutionized design optimization in hardware systems. The methodology consists of conducting a few carefully chosen experiments and using the associated analysis technology to help extract the maximum possible information for performance optimization. Specifically we give some background on statistical experimental design and demonstrate it on an actual software system that provides network database services which had experienced occasional query losses. Focusing on nine carefully chosen parameters, 12 experiments were conducted. This number of experiments is far fewer and consequently far less costly in time and effort than what would be required for collecting the same amount of information by traditional methods. The selection of the experiments took into account ideas from accelerated life testing and ideas from the Robust Experimental Design. Based on the analysis of this data, new settings for the parameters in software system were implemented. All tests done with the new settings have shown that the query loss problem has been totally controlled. C1 Telcordia Technol, Informat Anal & Serv Res Dept, Morristown, NJ 07960 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bell Labs, Dept Performance Anal, Holmdel, NJ USA. RP Dalal, SR (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, Informat Anal & Serv Res Dept, Morristown, NJ 07960 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-7091 J9 ANN SOFTW ENG JI Ann. Softw. Eng. PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 84 DI 10.1023/A:1018910926921 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 284XJ UT WOS:000085357900003 ER PT B AU Mauche, CW AF Mauche, CW BE Hellier, C Mukai, K TI EUVE spectroscopy of polars SO ANNAPOLIS WORKSHOP ON MAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annapolis Workshop on Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables CY JUL 13-17, 1998 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; AM HERCULIS; OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS; ABSORPTION; PHOTOMETRY; ROSAT AB An admittedly pedantic but hopefully useful and informative analysis is presented of the EUVE 70-180 Angstrom spectra of nine polars. These spectra are fit with three different models - a blackbody, a pure-H stellar atmosphere, and a solar abundance stellar atmosphere - to reveal the presence of spectral features such as absorption lines and edges, and to investigate the sensitivity of the derived (kT, N-H, solid angle) and inferred (fractional emitting area, bolometric luminosity) parameters to the model assumptions. Among the models tested, the blackbody model best describes the observed spectra, although the untested irradiated, solar abundance, stellar-atmosphere model is likely a better overall description of the EUV/soft-X-ray spectra of polars. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mauche, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-77-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 157 BP 157 EP 168 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BM90T UT WOS:000080088400026 ER PT S AU Bott, TF AF Bott, TF GP IEEE TI Evaluating the risk of industrial espionage SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 1999 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS : ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Product Quality and Integrity - Managing Uncertainty CY JAN 18-21, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Reliabil Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Environm Sci & Technol, Soc Automot Engineers Inc, Soc Reliabil Engineers, Amer Soc Qual Electr Div, Inst Ind Engineers, Soc Logist Engineers, Syst Safety Soc, Amer Soc Qual Reliabil Div DE security; espionage; information protection; probabilistic modeling; industrial espionage AB A methodology for estimating the relative probabilities of different compromise paths for protected information by insider and visitor intelligence collectors has been developed based on an event-tree analysis of the intelligence collection operation. The analyst identifies target information and ultimate users who might attempt to gain that information. The analyst then uses an event tree to develop a set of compromise paths. Probability models are developed for each of the compromise paths that use parameters based on expert judgment or historical data on security violations. The resulting probability estimates indicate the relative likelihood of different compromise paths and provide an input for security resource allocation. Application of the methodology is demonstrated using a national security example. A set of compromise paths and probability models specifically addressing this example espionage problem are developed. The probability models fcr hard-copy information compromise paths are quantified as an illustration of the results using parametric values representative of historical data available in secure facilities, supplemented when necessary by expert judgment. The methodology in this study was developed for national security applications, but the approach is equally applicable to industrial espionage. Industrial facilities face insider information theft as well as compromise by visitors. The method should be adaptable to most industrial situations with modifications to fit the specific situation and is direct and simple to use. When historical data are not available, expert judgment data can be used as an input. Even in the absence of quantitative data, considerable insight into espionage risk can be gained by developing the compromise paths and their attendant probability models. These qualitative insights may be the greatest benefit gained when applying this methodology. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bott, TF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K557, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-5143-6 J9 P A REL MAI PY 1999 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1109/RAMS.1999.744124 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BM43V UT WOS:000078742800038 ER PT J AU Budinger, TF Benaron, DA Koretsky, AP AF Budinger, TF Benaron, DA Koretsky, AP TI Imaging transgenic animals SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE transgenic; emission imaging; positron emission tomography; single photon tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; optical imaging; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; gene expression ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; MITOCHONDRIAL CREATINE-KINASE; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE GENE; SINGLE MAMMALIAN-CELLS; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; SMALL LABORATORY-ANIMALS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; IN-VIVO; RAT-BRAIN AB Transgenic and eugenic animals as small as 30 g can be studied noninvasively by radionuclides with resolutions of 1-2 mm, by MRT with resolution of 100 mu m and by light fluorescence and bioluminescence with high sensitivities. The technologies of radionuclide emission, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, optical tomography, optical fluorescence and optical bioluminescence are currently being applied to small-animal studies. These technologies and examples of their applications are reviewed in this chapter. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, HEPL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Budinger, TF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tfbudinger@lbl.gov RI Koretsky, Alan/C-7940-2015 OI Koretsky, Alan/0000-0002-8085-4756 NR 127 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1523-9829 J9 ANNU REV BIOMED ENG JI Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. PY 1999 VL 1 BP 611 EP 648 DI 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.1.1.611 PG 44 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 325YW UT WOS:000087705700023 PM 11701502 ER PT J AU Jaklevic, JM Garner, HR Miller, GA AF Jaklevic, JM Garner, HR Miller, GA TI Instrumentation eor the genome protect SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE automation; genomics; sequencing; hybridization; arrays; robotics ID CAPILLARY-ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; AUTOMATED COLONY PICKING; DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; HANDLING-SYSTEM AB Much of the recent rapid progress in large-scale genomic sequencing has been driven by the dramatic improvements both in the area of biological protocols and in the availability of improved laboratory instrumentation and automation platforms. We discuss recent developments in the area of bioinstrumentation that are contributing to the current revolution in genetic analysis. Examples of systems for laboratory automation are described together with specific single-purpose instruments. Emphasis is placed on those tools that are contributing significantly to the scale-up of genomic mapping and sequencing efforts. In addition, we present a selection of more advanced measurement techniques and instrumentation developments that are likely to contribute significantly to future advances in sequencing and genome analysis. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. RP Jaklevic, JM (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 67 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1523-9829 J9 ANNU REV BIOMED ENG JI Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. PY 1999 VL 1 BP 649 EP 678 DI 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.1.1.649 PG 30 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 325YW UT WOS:000087705700024 PM 11701503 ER PT J AU Tsang, CF AF Tsang, CF TI Linking thermal, hydrological, and mechanical processes in fractured rocks SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE fractures; coupled processes; thermomechanical; hydromechanical AB In this paper, an overview is presented of coupled processes linking thermo-hydromechanical (THM) effects in fractured rocks. A formulation is first presented to show the linkage mathematically, which can be used as a basis for numerical solutions and for further developments. Two simple examples of hydromechanical (HM) and thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled processes are discussed to convey physical insight into such couplings. Finally, three large-scale, longterm experiments currently under way are described. These are being conducted specifically to study coupled processes in situ. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 1999 VL 27 BP 359 EP 384 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.359 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 204UT UT WOS:000080783500012 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, AH AF Rosenfeld, AH TI The art of energy efficiency: Protecting the environment with better technology SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE conservation; efficiency; technology; Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory; building science; policy; cost of conserved energy and avoided carbon ID STATES; EMISSIONS AB After a first career as Professor of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, working in experimental particle physics at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), I was prompted by the 1973 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil embargo to switch to improving energy end-use efficiency, particularly in buildings. I cofounded and directed the Energy Efficient Buildings program at LBNL, which later became the Center for Building Science. At the Center we developed high-frequency solid-state ballasts for fluorescent lamps, low-emissivity and selective windows, and the DOE-2 computer program for the energy analysis and design of buildings. The ballasts in turn stimulated Philips lighting to produce compact fluorescent lamps. When they achieve their expected market share, energy savings from products started or developed at the Center for Building Sciences are projected to save American consumers $30 billion/year, net of the cost of the better buildings and products. In terms of pollution control, this is equivalent to displacing approximately 100 million cars. We did the analysis on which the California and later the U.S. appliance standards are based, and we also worked on indoor air quality and discovered how radon is sucked into homes. We worked closely with the California utilities to develop programs in "Demand Side Management" and "Integrated Utility Planning." I also worked in California and New England on utility "collaboratives" under which we changed their profit rules to favor investment in customer energy efficiency (and sharing the savings with the customer) over selling raw electricity. I cofounded a successful nonprofit, the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, and a University of California research unit, the California Institute for Energy Efficiency, and I served on the steering Committee of Pacific Gas and Electric's ACT(2) project, in which we costeffectively cut the energy use of six sites by one half. Starting in 1994, my third career has been as Senior Advisor to the U.S. Department of Energy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Rosenfeld, AH (reprint author), US DOE, EE-40, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 1999 VL 24 BP 33 EP 82 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.24.1.33 PG 50 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 280XR UT WOS:000085129500002 ER PT J AU Schock, RN Fulkerson, W Brown, ML San Martin, RL Greene, DL Edmonds, J AF Schock, RN Fulkerson, W Brown, ML San Martin, RL Greene, DL Edmonds, J TI How much is energy research & development worth as insurance? SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE climate change; oil price shock; urban air pollution; energy disruptions ID HEALTH; LOOMS AB In this paper, we estimate the value of energy technology research and development (R&D) as an insurance investment to reduce four risks to the United States. These four risks are (a) the costs of climate stabilization, (b) oil price shocks and cartel pricing, (c) urban air pollution, and (d) other energy disruptions. The total value is estimated conservatively to be >$12 billion/year. However, only about half of this total may be warranted because some R&D is applicable to more than one risk. Nevertheless, the total Department of Energy investment in energy technology R&D [similar to$1.5 billion/year in fiscal year 1999 (FY99)] seems easily justified by its insurance value alone. In fact, a larger investment might be justified, particularly in the areas related to climate change, oil price shock, and urban air pollution. This conclusion appears robust even if the private sector is assumed to be investing a comparable amount relevant to these risks. No additional benefit is credited for the value to the economy and to the competitiveness of the U.S. from better energy technologies that may result from the R&D; only the insurance value for reducing the potential cost of these four risks to society was estimated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Tennessee, Joint Inst Energy & Environm, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Schock, RN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 1999 VL 24 BP 487 EP 512 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.24.1.487 PG 26 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 280XR UT WOS:000085129500015 ER PT J AU Ice, GE Sparks, CJ AF Ice, GE Sparks, CJ TI Modern resonant X-ray studies of alloys: Local order and displacements SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE local correlations; X-ray diffuse scattering; atomic size; static displacements; short-range order ID INDIVIDUAL PAIR DISPLACEMENTS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SHORT-RANGE-ORDER; CU-AU; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; LATTICE DISTORTION; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS AB The recent availability of intense synchrotron sources with selectable X-ray energies permits high-precision measurements of chemically specific atomic-pair correlations in solid-solution alloys. Short-range chemical order can be accurately measured to identify one atom in a 100 for 10 or more shells, even in alloys with elements nearby in the periodic table, and chemically specific static displacements can be measured with 0.0001 nm resolution. This new information tests theoretical models of alloy phase stability and structure and gives new insights into the physical properties of alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 60 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6600 J9 ANNU REV MATER SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. PY 1999 VL 29 BP 25 EP 52 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.29.1.25 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235GR UT WOS:000082534400002 ER PT J AU Xiang, XD AF Xiang, XD TI Combinatorial materials synthesis and screening: An integrated materials chip approach to discovery and optimization of functional materials SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE thin-film synthesis; pulsed laser deposition; evanescent-wave microscopy; luminescent materials; ferroelectrics/dielectrics; superconductors ID LIBRARY; MICROSCOPY; GENERATION; PHOSPHOR; LIGANDS; DESIGN; FILMS AB Combinatorial materials synthesis methods and high throughput evaluation techniques have been developed to accelerate the process of materials discovery and optimization. Analogous to integrated circuit chips, integrated materials chips containing thousands, possibly millions, of different compounds/materials, often in the form of high-quality epitaxial thin film can be fabricated and screened for interesting physical or chemical properties. Microspot X-ray methods, various optical measurement techniques, and a novel evanescent microwave microscope have been used to characterize the structural, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of samples on materials chips. These techniques are routinely used. to discover and optimize luminescent, ferroelectric, dielectric, and magnetic materials. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xiang, XD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Xiang, Xiaodong/A-9445-2012; Xiang, Xiaodong/A-5936-2017 NR 40 TC 91 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 36 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6600 J9 ANNU REV MATER SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. PY 1999 VL 29 BP 149 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.29.1.149 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235GR UT WOS:000082534400006 ER PT J AU Gruen, DM AF Gruen, DM TI Nanocrystalline diamond films SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE carbon dimer; nucleation rate; grain boundaries; noble gas; plasmas ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-EMISSION PROPERTIES; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOABSORPTION; THIN-FILMS; CARBON-FILMS; MICROWAVE PLASMAS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FULLERENE PRECURSORS AB The synthesis of nanocrystalline diamond films from carbon-containing noble gas plasmas is described. The nanocrystallinity is the result of new growth and nucleation mechanisms, which involve the insertion of C-2, carbon dimer, into carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds, resulting in hetereogeneous nucleation rates on the order 10(10) cm(-2) s(-1). Extensive characterization studies led to the conclusion that phase-pure diamond is produced with a microstructure consisting of randomly oriented 3-15-nm crystallites. By adjusting the noble gas/hydrogen ratio in the gas mixture, a continuous transition from micro- to nanocrystallinity is achieved. Up to 10% of the total carbon in the nanocrystalline films is located at 2 to 4 atom-wide grain boundaries. Because the grain boundary carbon is pi-bonded, the mechanical, electrical, and optical properties of nanocrystalline diamond are profoundly altered. Nanocrystalline diamond films are unique new materials with applications in fields as diverse as tribology, cold cathodes, corrosion resistance, electrochemical electrodes, and conformal coatings on MEMS devices. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gruen@anlchm.chm.anl.gov NR 126 TC 699 Z9 718 U1 13 U2 183 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6600 J9 ANNU REV MATER SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. PY 1999 VL 29 BP 211 EP 259 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.29.1.211 PG 49 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235GR UT WOS:000082534400008 ER PT J AU Jackson, JD AF Jackson, JD TI Snapshots of a physicist's life - J. David Jackson SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jackson, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1999 VL 49 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.49.1.1 PG 33 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 280YE UT WOS:000085130700002 ER PT J AU Tenenbaum, P Shintake, T AF Tenenbaum, P Shintake, T TI Measurement of small electron-beam spots SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE linear accelerator; beam diagnostics; beam size; linear collider ID LINEAR COLLIDERS; MONITOR AB Measurements of transverse beam size are tremendously important to the performance of e(+)e(-) linear colliders. In this paper we review the traditional technologies used to make such measurements, such as profile monitors and wire scanners, and their limitations. We introduce a new technique for electron beam-size measurement: Compton-scattered laser light, which may be used as an unbreakable "wire" or in the form of an interferometer beam-size monitor (BSM), We describe the use of such an interferometer BSM, noting both the general issues related to its design and operation and the specific experiences with such an interferometer at the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAG, We conclude by considering the ultimate limitations of the laser-interferometer BSM. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Tenenbaum, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1999 VL 49 BP 125 EP 162 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.49.1.125 PG 38 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 280YE UT WOS:000085130700005 ER PT J AU McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Peng, JC AF McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Peng, JC TI High-energy hadron-induced dilepton production from nucleons and nuclei SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Drell-Yan; nuclear dependence; quarkonium ID DRELL-YAN PROCESS; INELASTIC MUON SCATTERING; ISOSPIN SYMMETRY-BREAKING; LEPTON PAIR PRODUCTION; LIGHT-QUARK SEA; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CHARGE-SYMMETRY; FLAVOR ASYMMETRY; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; DIMUON PRODUCTION AB We review the production of high-mass lepton pairs in fixed-target experiments, including both Drell-Yan (DY) and heavy quarkonium production [J/psi, psi', Y(1S), Y(2S), and Y(3S)]. In recent years, DY data have become standard input to the determination of parton density distributions. DY data have recently yielded the first measurement of the x dependence of the (d) over bar/(u) over bar asymmetry of the proton. Similar to the observations in deeply inelastic scattering, precision measurements of the nuclear dependence of the proton-induced DY process exhibit shadowing at:small target momentum fraction, x(2). There is, however, no evidence of enhanced DY production from nuclear targets. Mean transverse momenta of DY pairs are observed to increase with target mass. These data, analyzed within a new theoretical framework, provide an estimation of the energy loss of fast quarks in nuclear matter. In contrast to the DY process, there are large nuclear effects in the production of all quarkonia. These effects show strong dependence on p(t) and x(F) but do not scale with x(2). Statistically-less precise measurements of D meson (open-charm) production at small x(F) are consistent with no nuclear dependence. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM plm@lanl.gov; jmm@lanl.gov; peng@lanl.gov NR 146 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1999 VL 49 BP 217 EP 253 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.49.1.217 PG 37 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 280YE UT WOS:000085130700007 ER PT J AU Blazey, GC Flaugher, BL AF Blazey, GC Flaugher, BL TI Inclusive jet and dijet production at the Tevatron SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE cross sections; mass and angular distributions; compositeness; QCD; scaling; parton distribution functions ID = 1.8 TEV; CTEQ PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CERN PBARP COLLIDER; CROSS-SECTION; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; QUARK COMPOSITENESS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV AB High-energy jet distributions measured since 1992 at the Fermilab Tevatron:proton-antiproton collider are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. The statistical uncertainties on these measurements are significantly reduced relative to previous results. The systematic uncertainties are comparable in size to the uncertainty in the theoretical predictions. Although some discrepancies between theory and measurements are noted, the inclusive jet and dijet cross sections can be described by quantum chromodynamics. Prospects for reducing the uncertainty in the theoretical predictions by incorporating Tevatron measurements into the proton parton distributions are discussed. Dijet distributions, in excellent agreement with quantum chromodynamics, set a 2.5-TeV limit on the mass scale of quark constituents. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60119 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Blazey, GC (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60119 USA. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1999 VL 49 BP 633 EP 685 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.49.1.633 PG 53 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 280YE UT WOS:000085130700016 ER PT J AU Knickelbein, MB AF Knickelbein, MB TI Reactions of transition metal clusters with small molecules SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE chemisorption; reaction kinetics; infrared spectroscopy; photoionization; molecular beams ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC SHELL STRUCTURE; GAS VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES; SMALL COBALT CLUSTERS; SMALL NICKEL CLUSTERS; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; BIMETALLIC CLUSTERS; NIOBIUM CLUSTERS; SILVER CLUSTERS AB Atoms and small molecules react with transition metal clusters in ways that are analogous to the physisorption and chemisorption reactions observed on the corresponding extended metal surface. However, often underlying these similarities are size-dependent variations in the reaction mechanisms and rates, the interpretation of which requires a detailed understanding of the structures of both the bare metal cluster substrates and the cluster-molecule complexes. Although polyatomic transition metal clusters cannot be characterized by the traditional methods of molecular spectroscopy, the combination of other physical and chemical probes can provide qualitative and semiquantitative structural information. These techniques, when combined with equilibrium geometries calculated using ab initio or semiempirical methods, provide a detailed picture of the structural origin of metal cluster reactivity and its variation with size. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Knickelbein, MB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM knickelbein@anl.gov NR 165 TC 224 Z9 226 U1 8 U2 69 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 1999 VL 50 BP 79 EP 115 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.50.1.79 PG 37 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 270VD UT WOS:000084557100004 PM 15012407 ER PT J AU Trouw, FR Price, DL AF Trouw, FR Price, DL TI Chemical applications of neutron scattering SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE hydrogen bonding; zeolites; polymers; adsorbates; molecular solids and liquids ID INTERMEDIATE-RANGE ORDER; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; POLYETHYLENE OXIDE; MOLTEN-SALTS; DYNAMICS; WATER; LIQUID; PROTON; MELTS AB Neutron scattering represents a versatile technique for chemists, as it explores the structure and dynamics of materials at the atomic scale. This review gives an outline of the neutron scattering formalism and describes diffraction and inelastic and quasielastic scattering techniques. Applications to chemistry are illustrated by examples from recent work on crystalline and liquid organic materials, including heterogeneous systems, bulk polymers and polymer solutions. There is particular emphasis on systems where hydrogen bonding plays a significant role. With more powerful sources and improved instrumentation in prospect, there is considerable potential for future extension of these methods to increasingly complex materials. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source & Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Trouw, FR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source & Mat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM trouw@lanl.gov; dlprice@anl.gov RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013 NR 66 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 19 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 1999 VL 50 BP 571 EP 601 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.50.1.571 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 270VD UT WOS:000084557100020 PM 15012422 ER PT J AU Louws, FJ Rademaker, JLW de Bruijn, FJ AF Louws, FJ Rademaker, JLW de Bruijn, FJ TI The three Ds of PCR-based genomic analysis of phytobacteria: Diversity, detection, and disease diagnosis SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE population structure; polymerase chain reaction; genomic fingerprinting; informatics; disease management; phylogeny ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CAROTOVORA SUBSP ATROSEPTICA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; CAMPESTRIS PV VESICATORIA; PHYTOPATHOGENIC AGROBACTERIUM STRAINS; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PATHOVARS; NUCLEIC-ACID AMPLIFICATION; EXTRAGENIC PALINDROMIC PCR; RESTRICTION ANALYSIS ARDRA AB The advent of molecular biology in general and the polymerase chain reaction in particular have greatly facilitated genomic analyses of microorganisms, provide enhanced capability to characterize and classify strains, and facilitate research to assess the genetic diversity of populations. The diversity of large populations can be assessed in a relatively efficient manner using rep-PCR-, AFLP-, and AP-PCR/RAPD-based genomic fingerprinting methods, especially when combined with computer-assisted pattern analysis. Genetic diversity maps provide a framework to understand the taxonomy, population structure, and dynamics of phytobacteria and provide a high-resolution framework to devise sensitive, specific, and rapid methods for pathogen detection, plant disease diagnosis, as well as management of disease risk. A variety of PCR-based fingerprinting protocols such as rDNA-based PCR, ITS-PCR, ARDRA, T-RFLPs, and tRNA-PCR have been devised, and numerous innovative approaches using specific primers have been adopted to enhance both the detection and identification of phytobacteria. PCR-based protocols, combined with computer-based analysis, have provided novel fundamental knowledge of the ecology and population dynamics of bacterial pathogens, and present exciting new opportunities for basic and applied studies in plant pathology. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, NSF,Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Louws, FJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 204 TC 164 Z9 195 U1 2 U2 18 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1999 VL 37 BP 81 EP 125 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.81 PG 47 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 251LD UT WOS:000083446400005 ER PT B AU Monar, K Habenschuss, A AF Monar, K Habenschuss, A GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Waxs modeling of the liquid state of polyethylenes: Implications for phase analysis, glass transition, and the WLF constants in thermoplastic elastomers SO ANTEC '99: PLASTICS BRIDGING THE MILLENNIA, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III: VOL I: PROCESSING; VOL II: MATERIALS; VOL III: SPECIAL AREAS; LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Technical Conference of the SPE on Plastics Bridging the Millennia (ANTEC 99) CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Soc Plast Engineers ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALLINITY; SCATTERING; POLYMERS AB Wars studies of melts of branched copolymers with varying comonomer content revealed a temperature and branch dependence of the low angle amorphous halo (LAH). Numerous studies in real space suggested a semiquantitative method for the deconvolution of the LAH. Two linear relations for the temperature dependence (low/high branch content) were observed. The WLF constant, C-2, is derived from the slopes and the T(g)degrees from the convergence temperature. The quantity f(o) of C-2 is ca. 4.1 x 10(-4)/K. Proper representation of the liquid state scatter (and its temperature dependence) are crucial in quantitative phase analysis, including: interfacial content, latent heat, and crystal microstructure with increasing chain defects. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Monar, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 4500 C8,MS 6197, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-804-7 PY 1999 BP 1754 EP 1758 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BN12H UT WOS:000080784900330 ER PT S AU Tolbert, LM Peng, FZ Habetler, TG AF Tolbert, LM Peng, FZ Habetler, TG GP IEEE IEEE TI Multilevel PWM methods at low modulation indices SO APEC'99: FOURTEENTH ANNUAL APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 & 2 SE Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC 99) CY MAR 14-18, 1999 CL DALLAS, TX SP IEEE Power Electr Soc, IEEE Ind Appl Soc, APEC Steering Comm, Power Sources Mfg Assoc ID INVERTERS AB When utilized at low amplitude modulation indices, existing multilevel carrier-based PWM strategies have no special provisions for this operating region, and several levels of the inverter go unused. This paper proposes some novel multilever PWM strategies to take advantage of the multiple levels in both a diode-clamped inverter and a cascaded H-bridges inverter bg, utilizing all of the levels in the inverter even at low modulation indices. Simulation results show what effects the different strategies have on the active device utilization, A prototype level diode-clamped inverter and an 11-level cascaded H-bridges inverter have been built and controlled with the novel PWM strategies proposed in this paper. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tolbert, LM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009,Bldg 9102-1, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tolbertlm@ornl.gov; pengfz@ornl.gov; tom.habetler@ece.gatech.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 0-7803-5160-6 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 1999 BP 1032 EP 1038 DI 10.1109/APEC.1999.750496 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM73X UT WOS:000079662000148 ER PT J AU Lochter, A Bissell, MJ AF Lochter, A Bissell, MJ TI An odyssey from breast to bone: Multi-step control of mammary metastases and osteolysis by matrix metalloproteinases SO APMIS LA English DT Review DE breast cancer; migration; invasion; transdifferentiation; bone resorption; stromelysin-1; collagenase ID TRANSGENIC MICE; ISOLATED OSTEOCLASTS; GROWTH-FACTOR; RESORBING COMPARTMENT; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; CYSTEINE-PROTEINASES; SELECTIVE INHIBITORS; RESORPTION INVITRO; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB Development of metastases distant to the primary site of solid tumors marks late stages of tumor progression. Almost all malignant mammary tumors are carcinomas arising from the breast epithelium, but the morphological and molecular alterations in the mammary stroma surrounding the premalignant and the growing tumor contribute to its conversion into neoplastic tissue. Two parameters are critical for initiation of the metastatic process and access of tumor cells to the circulation. These are the ability of tumor cells to invade the basement membrane and the stroma, and the neovascularization of breast tumor tissue. A major site for development of distant metastases is the skeleton. After colonizing the bone, tumor cells promote a cascade of events leading to recruitment of osteoclasts and subsequent osteolytic bone destruction. A ubiquitous theme of neoplastic progression of breast tumors is the overproduction of matrix metalloproteinases. In this review, we summarize the recent insights into the functional consequences of matrix metalloproteinase expression and activation during malignant conversion in the breast, and after bone colonization. The current literature supports the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinases play a key role in the metastatic expansion of most, if not all, mammary tumors and in the ensuing bone loss. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Clin & Basic Res, Dept Basic Res, Ballerup, Denmark. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 83,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-51621, CA-64786, R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-05, R37 CA064786] NR 96 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0903-4641 J9 APMIS JI APMIS PD JAN PY 1999 VL 107 IS 1 BP 128 EP 136 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology GA 177NH UT WOS:000079215800017 PM 10190289 ER PT S AU Xie, ZQ AF Xie, ZQ BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Techniques for enhancing the performance of high charge state ECR ion sources SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID HIGH-B MODE; RESONANCE AB Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source (ECRIS), which produces singly to highly charged ions, is widely used in heavy ion accelerators and is finding applications in industry. It has progressed significantly in recent years thanks to a few techniques, such as multiple-frequency plasma heating, higher-mirror magnetic fields and a better cold electron donor. These techniques greatly enhance the production of highly charged ions. More than 1 emA of He2+ and O6+, hundreds of e mu A of O7+, Ne8+, Ar12+, more than 100 e mu A of intermediate heavy ions with charge states up to Ne9+, Ar13+, Ca13+, Fe13+, Co14+ and Kr18+, tens of e mu A of heavy ions with charge states up to Xe28+, Au35+, Bi34+ and U34+ were produced at cw mode operation. At an intensity of about 1 e mu A, the charge states for the heavy ions increased up tb Xe36+, Au46+, Bi47+ and U48+. More than an order of magnitude enhancement of fully stripped argon ions was achieved (I greater than or equal to 0.1 e mu A). Higher charge state ions up to Kr35+. Xe46+ and U64+ at low intensities were produced for the first time from an ECRIS. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xie, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 48 EP 51 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200012 ER PT S AU Gruber, L Beck, BR Steiger, J Schneider, D Holder, JP Church, DA AF Gruber, L Beck, BR Steiger, J Schneider, D Holder, JP Church, DA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Highly charged ion trapping and cooling SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID PLASMA; TRANSITION AB In the past few years a cryogenic Penning trap (RETRAP) has been operational at the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The combination of RETRAP and EBIT provides a unique possibility of producing and re-trapping highly charged ions and cooling them to very low temperatures, Due to the high Coulomb potentials in such an ensemble of cold highly charged ions the Coulomb coupling parameter (the ratio of Coulomb potential to the thermal energy) can easily reach values of 172 and more. To study such systems is not only of interest in, astrophysics to simulate White Dwarf star interiors but opens up new possibilities in a variety of areas (e.g. laser spectroscopy, cold highly charged ion beams). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gruber, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 56 EP 61 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200014 ER PT S AU Bannister, ME Chung, YS Djuric, N Dunn, GH Smith, ACH Wallbank, B Woitke, O AF Bannister, ME Chung, YS Djuric, N Dunn, GH Smith, ACH Wallbank, B Woitke, O BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Electron-impact excitation of multicharged ions: Merged beams experiments SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; ENERGY-LOSS TECHNIQUE; 3S(2) S-1->3S3P P-3; TRANSITIONS AB Electron-impact excitation cross sections for several multicharged ions have been measured near threshold using the merged electron-ion beams energy loss (MEIBEL) technique. This technique allows the investigation of optically-allowed and forbidden transitions with sufficient energy resolution, typically about 0.2 eV, to resolve resonance structures in:the cross Sections. Results from the JILA/ORNL MEIBEL experiment on allowed transitions in several multicharged ions demonstrate the ability of various theoretical methods to predict cross sections in the absence of resonances. Comparisons of R-matrix calculations and measured cross sections far transitions in Mg-like Si2+:and Ar6+ however, indicate that theory must continue to evolve in order to more accurately predict cross sections involving significant contributions from dielectronic resonances and interactions between neighboring resonances. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bannister, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 126 EP 129 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200032 ER PT S AU Renfrow, SN Duggan, JL McDaniel, FD AF Renfrow, SN Duggan, JL McDaniel, FD BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Molecular dissociation in dilute gas SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID IONS AB The charge state distributions (CSD) produced during molecular dissociation are important to both Trace Element Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (TEAMS) and the ion implantation industry. The CSD of 1.3 - 1.7 MeV SiN+, SiMg+, SiMn+, and SiZn+ molecules have been measured for elements that do not form atomic negative ions (N, Mg, Mn, and Zn) using a NEC Tandem Pelletron accelerator. The molecules were produced in a Cs sputter negative ion source, accelerated, magnetically analyzed, and then passed through an N? gas cell. The neutral and charged breakups where analyzed using an electrostatic deflector and measured with particle detectors. Equilibrium CSD were determined and comparisons made between molecular and atomic ion data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ion Beam Mat Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Renfrow, SN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ion Beam Mat Res Lab, MS 1056,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 200 EP 203 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200051 ER PT S AU Wilburn, WS Bazhenov, A Blessinger, CS Bowman, JD Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Gentile, TR Greene, GL Hansen, G Hogan, GE Ishimoto, S Jones, GL Knudson, JN Kolomenski, E Lamoreaux, SK Leuschner, MB Masaike, A Masuda, Y Matsuda, Y Morgan, GL Morimoto, K Morris, CL Nann, H Penttila, SI Pirozhkov, A Pomeroy, VR Rich, DR Serebrov, A Sharapov, EI Smith, DA Smith, TB Snow, WM Welsh, RC Wietfeldt, FE Yuan, VW Zerger, J AF Wilburn, WS Bazhenov, A Blessinger, CS Bowman, JD Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Gentile, TR Greene, GL Hansen, G Hogan, GE Ishimoto, S Jones, GL Knudson, JN Kolomenski, E Lamoreaux, SK Leuschner, MB Masaike, A Masuda, Y Matsuda, Y Morgan, GL Morimoto, K Morris, CL Nann, H Penttila, SI Pirozhkov, A Pomeroy, VR Rich, DR Serebrov, A Sharapov, EI Smith, DA Smith, TB Snow, WM Welsh, RC Wietfeldt, FE Yuan, VW Zerger, J BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Measurement of the parity violating asymmetry A(gamma) in (n)over-right-arrow+p -> d+gamma SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID PION-NUCLEON COUPLINGS; ANAPOLE MOMENT AB The weak pion-nucleon coupling constant H-pi(1) remains poorly determined, despite many years of effort. The recent measurement of the Cs-133 anapole moment has been interpreted to give a value of H-pi(1) almost an order of magnitude larger than the limit established in the F-18 parity doublet experiments. A measurement of the gamma ray directional asymmetry A(gamma) for the capture of polarized neutrons by hydrogen has been proposed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This experiment will determine H-pi(1) independent of nuclear structure effects. However, since the predicted asymmetry is small, A(gamma) 5 x 10(-8), systematic effects must be reduced to < 5 x 10(-9). The design of the experiment will is presented, with an emphasis on the techniques used for controlling systematic errors. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilburn, WS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 247 EP 250 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200062 ER PT S AU Ullmann, JL Haight, RC Fowler, MM Miller, GG Rundberg, RS Wilhelmy, JB AF Ullmann, JL Haight, RC Fowler, MM Miller, GG Rundberg, RS Wilhelmy, JB BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Neutron capture measurements on unstable nuclei at LANSCE SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB Although neutron capture by stable isotopes has been extensively measured, there are very few measurements on unstable isotopes. The intense neutron flux at the Manual Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE enables us to measure capture on targets with masses of about 1 mg over the energy range from 1 eV to 100 keV. These measurements are important not only for understanding the basic physics, but also for calculations of stellar nucleosynthesis and Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship. Preliminary measurements on Tm-169 and Tm-171 have been made with deuterated benzene detectors. A new detector array at the Lujan center and a new radioactive isotope separator will combine to give Los Alamos a unique capability for making these measurements. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ullmann, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 251 EP 253 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200063 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Alton, GD Middleton, JW AF Liu, Y Alton, GD Middleton, JW BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Computational design of high efficiency release targets for use at ISOL facilities SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID GENERATION AB This report describes efforts made at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to design high-efficiency-release targets that simultaneously incorporate the short diffusion lengths, high permeabilities, controllable temperatures, and heat removal properties required for the generation of useful radioactive ion beam (RIB) intensities for nuclear physics and astrophysics research using the isotope separation on-line (ISOL) technique. Short diffusion lengths are achieved either by using thin fibrous target materials or by coating thin layers of selected target material onto low-density carbon fibers such as reticulated vitreous carbon fiber (RVCF) or carbon-bonded-carbon-fiber (CBCF) to form highly permeable composite target matrices. Computational studies which simulate the generation and removal of primary beam deposited heat from target materials have been conducted to optimize the design of target/heat-sink systems for generating RIBs. The results derived from diffusion release-rate simulation studies for selected targets and thermal analyses of temperature distributions within a prototype target/heat-sink system subjected to primary ion beam irradiation will be presented in this report. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 265 EP 268 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200067 ER PT S AU Pardo, RC Harss, B Rehm, KE Greene, J Henderson, D Jiang, CL Schiffer, JP Specht, JR Zabransky, BJ AF Pardo, RC Harss, B Rehm, KE Greene, J Henderson, D Jiang, CL Schiffer, JP Specht, JR Zabransky, BJ BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI In-beam production and transport of radioactive F-17 at ATLAS SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB Beam currents of radioactive F-17(T-1/2 = 65s) as high as 2x10(6) s(-1) have been produced at the ATLAS facility and delivered to target for nuclear physics research. The d(O-16,F-17)n and p(O-17, F-17)n reaction were used to produce the F-17 in the energy range of 65-110 MeV with F-17 intensities of up to 250 pnA. The target employed is a liquid nitrogen cooled Hz gas cell, with HAVAR windows, operating at up to 8x10(4) Pa pressure. A new beam optics geometry consisting of a superconducting solenoid immediately after the production target followed by a single superconducting resonator has significantly improved the total capture efficiency of the transport system. The superconducting solenoid captures the highly divergent secondary beam and refocuses it to improve the beam match into the remainder of the transport system. A single superconducting resonator then 'debunches' the beam, reducing the energy spread by a factor of four. The beam energy can also be varied, using the resonant cavity, without changing the primary beam energy. Detailed discussion of the results, comparison to calculations, and further possible improvements will be presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pardo, RC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200072 ER PT S AU Auble, RL AF Auble, RL BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The production and acceleration of radioactive ion beams at the HRIBF SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB The Holifield Radioactive Ton Beam Facility (HRIBF) includes a K=100 cyclotron (ORIC) which provides high-intensity light-ions for producing radioactive atoms, and a 25 MV tandem electrostatic accelerator which is used to accelerate the radioactive-ions for nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics research. Ion sources and targets suitable for the production of various radioactive ion beams (RIBs) have been developed. Operational experiences, problem areas, and plans for future beam development are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Auble, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 6000 MS6368,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 292 EP 295 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200074 ER PT S AU Powell, J Guo, FQ Haustein, PE Joosten, R Larimer, RM Lyneis, CM McMahan, P Moltz, DM Norman, EB O'Neil, JP Rowe, MW VanBrocklin, HF Wutte, D Xie, ZQ Xu, XJ Cerny, J AF Powell, J Guo, FQ Haustein, PE Joosten, R Larimer, RM Lyneis, CM McMahan, P Moltz, DM Norman, EB O'Neil, JP Rowe, MW VanBrocklin, HF Wutte, D Xie, ZQ Xu, XJ Cerny, J BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI BEARS: a radioactive ion beam initiative at LBNL SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID F-18 AB BEARS is an initiative to develop a radioactive ion-beam capability at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The aim is to produce isotopes at an existing medical cyclotron and to accelerate them at the 88" Cyclotron. To overcome the 300-meter physical separation of these two accelerators, a carrier-gas transport system will be used. At the terminus of the capillary, the carrier gas will be separated and the, isotopes will be. injected into the 88" Cyclotron's Advanced Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source. The first radioactive beams to be developed will include 20-min (11)C and 70-sec (14)O, produced by (p,n) and (p,alpha) reactions on low-Z targets. Tests at the 88" Cyclotron lead to projections of initial (11)C beams of 2 x 10(8) ions/sec (14)O beams of 1 x 10(6) ions/sec. Construction of BEARS is expected to be completed in the spring of 1999. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Powell, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 318 EP 321 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200080 ER PT S AU Marrs, RE Slaughter, DR AF Marrs, RE Slaughter, DR BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI A high intensity electron beam ion trap for charge state boosting of radioactive ion beams SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB A high intensity electron beam ion trap under development at LLNL could be adapted for charge state boosting of radioactive ion beams, enabling a substantial reduction in the size and cost of a postaccelerator. We report estimates of the acceptance, ionization time, charge state distribution, emittance, and beam intensity for charge state boosting of radioactive ions in this device. The estimates imply that, for tin isotopes, over 10(10) ions/s can be ionized to q = 40+ with an absolute emittance bf approximately: 1 pi mm mrad at an energy of 30 x q keV. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marrs, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 322 EP 325 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200081 ER PT S AU Bardayan, DW AF Bardayan, DW BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Nuclear astrophysics with RIBs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID ION-BEAM FACILITY; RECOIL SEPARATOR; NE-18 AB The Daresbury Recoil Separator (DRS) and Silicon Detector Array (SIDAR) have been installed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to perform measurements of reaction cross sections of astrophysical interest using radioactive ion beams (RIBs). For example radioactive F-17 beams will be used to determine the O-14(alpha,p)E-17 and F-17(p,gamma)Ne-18 stellar reaction rates - both of which are important reactions in the Hot-CNO cycle. The first reactions studied will be H-1(F-17,p)F-17 and H-1(F-17,alpha)O-14. These experiments will require F-17 beams with intensities of 10(4) - 10(6): ions per second in conjunction with the SIDAR. The H-1(F-17,p)F-17 reaction will be used to probe resonances in Ne-18 which contribute to the F-17(p,gamma)Ne-18 stellar reaction rate, while H-1(F-17,alpha)O-14 Will be used to determine the stellar reaction rate of the inverse reaction O-14(alpha,p)F-17. fn preparation for these experiments, measurements have been made of the H-1(O-17,p)O-17 and H-1(O-17,alpha)N-14 reaction cross sections. When higher beam currents of F-17 become available, a direct measurement of the H-1(F-17,Ne-18) resonance strength. will be made using the DRS. To test the performance of the DRS for measuring capture reaction cross sections, the well-known H-1(C-12,N-13) cross section has been measured at an energy similar to those proposed for radioactive beam experiments. rResults from these stable beam experiments are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bardayan, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 326 EP 329 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200082 ER PT S AU Barnes, DC Nebel, RA Ribe, FL Schauer, MM Schranck, LS Umstadter, KR AF Barnes, DC Nebel, RA Ribe, FL Schauer, MM Schranck, LS Umstadter, KR BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Novel, spherically-convergent ion systems for neutron source and fusion energy production SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB Combining spherical convergence with electrostatic or electro-magnetostatic confinement of a nonneutral plasma offers the possibility of high fusion gain in a centimeter-sized system. The physics principles, scaling laws,and experimental embodiments of this approach are presented. Steps to development of this approach from its present proof-of-principle experiments to a useful fusion power reactor are outlined. This development path is much less expensive and simpler, compared to that for conventional magnetic confinement and leads to different and useful products at each stage. Reactor projections show both high mass power density and low to moderate wall loading. This approach is being tested expeimentally in PFX-I (Penning Fusion eXperiment - Tons), which is based on the following recent advances: 1) Demonstration, in PFX (our former experiment), that it is possible to combine nonneutral electron plasma confinement with nonthermal, spherical focussing; 2) Theoretical development of the POPS (Periodically Oscillating Plasma Sphere) concept, which allows spherical compression of thermal-equilibrium ions; 3)The concept of a massively-modular approach to fusion power, and associated elimination of the critical problem of extremely high first wall loading. PFX-I is described. PFX-I is being designed as a small (<1.5 cm) spherical system into which moderate-energy electrons (up to 100 kV) are injected. These electrons are magnetically insulated from passing to the sphere and their space: charge field is then used to spherically focus ions. Results of initial operation with electrons only are presented. Deuterium operation can produce significant neutron output with unprecedented efficiency (fusion gain Q). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barnes, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 336 EP 341 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200085 ER PT S AU Asoka-Kumar, P Howell, R Stoeffl, W Carter, D AF Asoka-Kumar, P Howell, R Stoeffl, W Carter, D BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI High intensity positron program at LLNL SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID SLOW AB Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is the home of the world's highest current beam of keV positrons. The potential for establishing a national center for materials analysis using positron annihilation techniques around this capability is being actively pursued. The high LLNL beam current will enable investigations in several new areas. We are developing a positron microprobe that will produce a pulsed, focused positron beam for 3-dimensional scans of defect size and concentration with submicron resolution. Below we summarize the important design features of this microprobe. Several experimental end stations will be available that can utilize the high current beam with a time distribution determined by the electron linac pulse structure, quasi-continuous, or bunched at 20 MHz, and can operate in an electrostatic or (and) magnetostatic environment. Some of the planned early experiments are: two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation of thin films and buried interfaces, positron diffraction holography, positron induced desorption, and positron induced Auger spectroscopy. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Asoka-Kumar, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 361 EP 365 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200089 ER PT S AU Hartley, JH Howell, RH Sterne, PA AF Hartley, JH Howell, RH Sterne, PA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Bulk defect analysis with a high-energy positron beam SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB A program using a positron beam to probe defects in bulk materials has been developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) provides non-destructive analysis of average defect size and concentration. A 3 MeV positron beam is supplied by Sodium-22 at the terminal of a Pelletron accelerator. The high-energy beam allows large (greater than or equal to 1 cm(2)) engineering samples to be measured in air or even sealed in an independent environment. A description of the beam-PALS system will be presented along with a summary of recent measurements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hartley, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 366 EP 368 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200090 ER PT S AU Thevuthasan, S McCready, DE Jiang, W McDaniel, ED Yi, SI Chambers, SA AF Thevuthasan, S McCready, DE Jiang, W McDaniel, ED Yi, SI Chambers, SA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Rutherford backscattering and channeling studies of Al and Mg diffusion in iron oxide thin films SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GROWTH; FE3O4; ALPHA-FE2O3; GAMMA-FE2O3 AB Thin films of alpha-Fe2O3(0001) (hematite) and gamma-Fe2O3 (001) (maghemite) were epitaxially grown on Al2O3(0001) and MgO(001) substrates, respectively, using the new molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL). We have investigated the crystalline quality of these films using Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and channeling experiments. Minimum yields obtained from aligned and random spectra are 2.7+/-0.3% for the alpha-Fe2O3(0001) film and 14.5+/-0.6% for the gamma-Fe2O3 (001) film. Al and Mg outdiffusion into the hematite and maghemite films were observed at higher temperatures. Indiffusion of Fe atoms from the film into the substrate was observed for the gamma-Fe2O3(001)/MgO(001) system. In contrast, no Fe indiffusion was observed for the sapphire substrate. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thevuthasan, S (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 508 EP 511 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200124 ER PT S AU McCready, DE Thevuthasan, S Jiang, W AF McCready, DE Thevuthasan, S Jiang, W BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Status of the accelerator facility at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID IMMOBILIZATION; ACCUMULATION; PLUTONIUM; DAMAGE; WASTE AB An accelerator facility dedicated to ion beam materials analysis and modification has been completed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a United States Department of Energy collaborative scientific user facility located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA. The EMSL accelerator facility is based on a Model 9SDH-2 3.4 MV tandem ion accelerator manufactured by National Electrostatics Corporation (NEC, Middleton, WI), which includes RF plasma and sputter ion sources. Three beam lines were originally constructed with integral end stations for materials analysis and modification. Recently, the +30 degrees beam line was extended to accommodate an NEC electrostatic microquad assembly, which provides focussed beam spots of 20 mu m or less on target. Efforts are currently underway to incorporate particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) capabilities in the microbeam line end station. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McCready, DE (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 537 EP 540 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200131 ER PT S AU Holmes, JP Alonso, JR AF Holmes, JP Alonso, JR BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The spallation neutron source (SNS) project accelerator systems SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB The SNS will be the world's leading accelerator-based neutron-scattering research facility when it begins operation in 2005. By delivering 1-MW of beam power to a heavy-metal target in short (<1 ps) bursts of 1-GeV protons, the SNS will provide intense neutron beams with flux levels at least a factor of five over present spallation sources. A; multi-laboratory (LBNL, LANL, BNL, ANL and ORNL) collaboration, led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has developed a reference design that. addresses the challenging technology, issues associated with this project. This paper discusses the requirements, issues, and constraints that led to the present design choices. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Holmes, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Bldg,104 Union Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 722 EP 725 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200174 ER PT S AU Dennis, DL Giedd, RE Wang, YQ Glass, GA AF Dennis, DL Giedd, RE Wang, YQ Glass, GA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Beam mixing of metal/fluoropolymer interfaces SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID ION IRRADIATION; ADHESION AB Ion beam mixing of metals and polymers with very low dielectric constants such as Teflon can provide many applications in the area of electronic materials. This work is a study of the "mixing" effect of 50 keV nitrogen implanted thin metal layers on Teflon PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) substrates. RES analysis shows that the distribution of thin layers of copper and chromium (approximately 300-400 Angstrom thick) through the implant layer of the Teflon depends on the reactivity of the metal. As the implant fluence is increased, the distribution of metal atoms in the polymer matrix becomes concentrated over smaller ranges near the bottom of the implant layer in situ RGA analysis during the implantation shows the liberation of an abundance of fluorine in many different forms. This is, supported by results from a NRA experiment that shows the non-uniform concentration profile of fluorine throughout the implant layer. During the implantation process, the fluorine is released through the incident ion track leaving a carbon and metal rich region near the surface of the implant layer. The fluorine density increases with depth through the implant layer making a smooth transition, to the undamaged bulk Teflon below. Low dielectric materials with highly conductive surfaces, such as this one, may provide an opportunity fora broad range of new microelectronic applications. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dennis, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 792 EP 795 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200190 ER PT S AU Lewis, TA Shapira, D Mas, J AF Lewis, TA Shapira, D Mas, J BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Low intensity beam imaging - Position sensitive avalanche counter SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB Monitors of this type are mostly intended for the lowest intensity beams at the HRIBF at ORNL. They are used to aid the accelerator operator in focusing and steering the beam and by the experimenters at the focal plane of the spectrometers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lewis, TA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 843 EP 846 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200201 ER PT S AU Spencer, JE AF Spencer, JE BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI A high-brightness, electron-based source of polarized photons and neutrons SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB A compact and comparatively inexpensive system that is practical for universities is described based on a low-energy electron storage ring with at least one undulator based oscillator to store photons. If the oscillator cavity length is relativistically corrected to be an harmonic of the ring circumference (L-C=beta L(R)n/n(B) with n(B) the number of bunches), higher-energy, secondary photons from Compton backscattering may become significant. Then, besides synchrotron radiation from the ring dipoles and damping wigglers as well as undulator photons, there are frequency upshifted Compton photons and photoneutrons from low Q-value targets such as Beryllium (Q(n)=-1.66) or Deuterium (Q(n)=-2.22 MeV). For 100 MeV electron bunches, an adjustable-phase, planar, helical undulator can be made to produce circularly polarized UV photons having a fundamental epsilon(gamma 1)=11.1 eV. If these photons are stored in a multimode, hole-coupled resonator they produce a Compton endpoint energy up to epsilon(gamma 2)=1.7 MeV. When incident on a Be conversion target these secondary photons make unmoderated, epithermal neutrons having mean energy epsilon(n)=24.8+/-6.8 keV from the two-body reaction Be-9+gamma-->n+Be-8(-->2 alpha)with negligible, residual radioactivity. The system is shown in Fig. 1. [GRAPHICS] When the target is unpolarized, one expects neutron rates of 10(11) epithermal n/s for 10(15) Comptons/s and a circulating current of I A with polarizations P-RHC((n) over right arrow)=-0.5, P-LHC((n) over right arrow)=0.5, both with reduced flux, and P-LIN((n) over right arrow)=0. With a 1 cm thick cylindrical tungsten sheath surrounding the Be to attenuate scattered photons exiting at 90 degrees to the incident photons, there is a peak neutron flux of approximate to 10(9) epithermal n/s/cm(2) cylindrically symmetric around the surface. No attempt was made to optimize this because there is still no accepted treatment protocol (dose rates or preferred neutron energy distribution). Although these factors depend on the individual case, several thousand BNCT treatments per year appear feasible. A potential clinical advantage of this system is that it also provides the photon beams required for analogs of NCT such as photon activation therapy PAT. Other medical applications, depending on electron energy, include real-time production of radioactive nuclides (both proton and neutron rich) e.g. tracers for PET scans useful for measuring boron uptake rate and distribution prior to treatment. While the primary electron energy depends on the application, higher energies are more versatile and technically simpler. Certain innovations that make such a system feasible are discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Spencer, JE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 877 EP 880 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200209 ER PT S AU Shapira, D Lewis, TA AF Shapira, D Lewis, TA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Three-dimensional beam profile monitor based on residual gas ionization SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB A three dimensional beam profile monitor based on tracking the ionization of the residual gas molecules in the evacuated beam pipe is described. Tracking in position and time of the ions and electrons produced in the ionization enables simultaneous position sampling in three dimensions. Special features which make it possible to sample very low beam currents were employed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shapira, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 895 EP 898 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200213 ER PT S AU Greene, JP Falout, JW Lister, CJ Nardi, BG Fox, JD AF Greene, JP Falout, JW Lister, CJ Nardi, BG Fox, JD BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI A rotating target wheel system for gammasphere SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID APEX AB A description is given for a low-mass, rotating target wheel to be used within the Gammasphere target chamber. This system was developed for experiments employing high beam currents in order to extend lifetimes of targets using low-melting point target material. The design is based on a previously successful implementation of rotating target wheels for the Argonne Positron Experiment (APEX) as well as the Fragment Mass Analyser (FMA) at ATLAS (Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System). A brief history of these rotating target wheel systems is given as well as a discussion on target preparation and performance. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greene, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 929 EP 931 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200221 ER PT S AU O'Neil, JP VanBrocklin, HF AF O'Neil, JP VanBrocklin, HF BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI New solid and gas phase targets for the CTI RDS 111 cyclotron SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID F-18 AB Low energy (<12 MeV protons) cyclotrons are playing an increasingly important role in isotope production especially the production of short-lived medical isotopes for positron emission tomography (PET). Several new target systems have been designed for the negative ion 11 MeV proton only CTI RDS 111 medical cyclotron. These targets have been developed for the turret target changer system which can holdup to eight small targets that are rotated into the beam strike for irradiation. We report here the development and testing bf a high pressure [(18)F]F(2) gas target, the performance of an OEM (CTI) high pressure [(11)C]CO(2) gas target and the design and irradiation of the first RDS 111 solid target for the production of (7)Be. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP O'Neil, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 936 EP 939 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200223 ER PT S AU Wielopolski, L Ludewig, H Powell, JR Raparia, D Alessi, JG Alburger, DE Zucker, MS Lowenstein, DI AF Wielopolski, L Ludewig, H Powell, JR Raparia, D Alessi, JG Alburger, DE Zucker, MS Lowenstein, DI BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Experimental and theoretical evaluation of accelerator based epithermal neutron yields for BNCT SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID CAPTURE THERAPY AB At BNL, we have evaluated the beam current required to produce a clinical neutron beam for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) with an epithermal neutron flux of 10(12) n/cm(2)/hr. Experiments were carried out on a Van de Graaff accelerator at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF) at Columbia University. A thick Li target was irradiated by protons with energies from 1.8 to 2.5 MeV. The neutron spectra resulting from the (7)Li(p,n)(7)Be reaction, followed by various filter configurations, were determined by measuring pulse height distributions with a gas filled proton recoil spectrometer. These distributions were unfolded into neutron energy spectra using the PSNS code, from which the required beam currents were estimated to be about 5 mA. Results are in good agreement with calculations using the MCNP-4A transport code. In addition comparison was also made between the neutron nux obtained at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (where clinical trials of BNCT are ongoing), and measurements at RARAF, using a (10)BF(3) detector in a phantom. These results also support the requirement for about 5 mA beam current. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 1033 EP 1036 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200248 ER PT S AU Bleuel, DL Chu, WT Donahue, RJ Ludewigt, BA McDonald, RJ Smith, AR Stone, NA Vujic, J AF Bleuel, DL Chu, WT Donahue, RJ Ludewigt, BA McDonald, RJ Smith, AR Stone, NA Vujic, J BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Initial experimental verification of the neutron beam modeling for the LBNL BNCT facility SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID ACCELERATOR AB In preparation for future clinical BNCT trials, neutron production via the Li-7(p,n) reaction as well as subsequent moderation to produce epithermal neutrons have been studied. Proper design of a moderator and filter assembly is crucial in producing an optimal epithermal neutron spectrum for brain tumor treatments. Based on in-phantom figures-of-merit, desirable assemblies have been identified.. Experiments were performed sit the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's gs-inch cyclotron to characterize epithermal neutron beams created using several microamperes of 2.5 MeV protons on a lithium target. The neutron moderating assembly consisted of Al/AlF3 and Teflon, with a lead reflector to produce an epithermal spectrum strongly peaked at 10-20 keV. The thermal neutron fluence was measured as a function of depth in a cubic lucite head phantom by neutron activation in gold foils. Portions of the neutron spectrum were measured by in-air activation of six cadmium-covered materials(Au; Mn, In, Cu, Co, W) with high epithermal neutron absorbtion resonances. The results are reasonably reproduced in Monte Carlo computational models, confirming their validity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bleuel, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 1050 EP 1055 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200252 ER PT S AU Lessard, ET AF Lessard, ET BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Environmental and safety issues associated with a 30-GeV proton synchrotron SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB This paper summarizes activation of materials, radioactive waste, sky-shine radiation, groundwater radioactivity, airborne radioactivity, beam faults, exposure of staff, and the environmental performance indicator for a high-energy synchrotron-accelerator-complex on Long Island, New York. Groundwater contamination is a particularly sensitive area of concern. The Laboratory site is located over an EPA designated sole-source aquifer system and there is significant public concern over H-3 in onsite groundwater. This paper is intended to give you information about the environmental impacts of one portion of Laboratory operations: the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) complex of accelerators that deliver protons and heavy-ions to the high-energy physics and nuclear physics communities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Alternating Gradient Synchrotron Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lessard, ET (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Alternating Gradient Synchrotron Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 1131 EP 1134 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200267 ER PT S AU Juras, RC Blankenship, JL AF Juras, RC Blankenship, JL BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI HRIBF tandem accelerator radiation safety system upgrade SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS AB The HRIBF Tandem Accelerator Radiation Safety System was designed to permit experimenters and operations staff controlled access to beam transport and experiment areas with accelerated beam present. Neutron-Gamma detectors are mounted in each area gt points of maximum dose rate and the resulting signals are integrated by redundant circuitry; beam is stopped if dose rate or integrated dose exceeds established limits. This paper will describe the system; in use for several years at the HRIBF, and discuss changes recently made to modernize the system and to make the system compliant with DOE Order 5480.25 and related ORNL updated safety rules. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Juras, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 1144 EP 1146 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200270 ER PT S AU Ovchinnikov, SY Macek, JH AF Ovchinnikov, SY Macek, JH BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI A galilean invariant theory of atomic collisions: Spectra of ejected electrons SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 04-07, 1998 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ N Texas HO UNIV N TEXAS ID IONIZATION AB The Sturmian theory with only a few Sturmian functions gives a complete ab initio description of electron distributions in ion atom collisions. The interference of the contribution from sigma and pi Sturmian functions gives rise to rapid oscillation of electron angular distributions with impact velocity nu. These rapid oscilations measure the real part of the adiabatic eigenvalues in the harmonic oscillator region, which occurs only at complex R. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ovchinnikov, SY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ovchinnikov, Serguei/C-4994-2014 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-825-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 475 BP 1147 EP 1150 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN31G UT WOS:000081503200271 ER PT S AU Williams, RM Kelly, JF Sharpe, SW Hartman, JS Gmachl, C Capasso, F Sivco, DL Baillargeon, JN Cho, LY AF Williams, RM Kelly, JF Sharpe, SW Hartman, JS Gmachl, C Capasso, F Sivco, DL Baillargeon, JN Cho, LY BE Fried, A TI Spectral and modulation performance of quantum cascade lasers with application ito remote sensing SO APPLICATION OF TUNABLE DIODE AND OTHER INFRARED SOURCES FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING MONITORING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Tunable Diode and Other Infrared Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Processing Monitoring II CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE quantum cascade laser; remote sensing; fin spectroscopy ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; TRACE GAS-DETECTION; FREQUENCY-MODULATION; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; SEMICLASSICAL THEORY; SPECTROSCOPY; NOISE; STABILIZATION; PHASE AB We have characterized the spectral noise density and frequency modulation performance of an 8.5 micron quantum-cascade diode (QC) laser operating continuously at liquid nitrogen temperatures. The phase noise is measured by fixing the laser frequency in the half-height region of a molecular resonance and measuring the fluctuations in absorbance; these fluctuations are then accurately converted into measurements in the fluctuations of the absolute frequency. A Fourier analysis of the intrinsic spectral/phase noise show a 1/f(2) dependence up to the measurement bandwidth limit of similar to 1MHz. The laser linewidth is < 1MHz when measured over several milliseconds. Servo locking schemes will be discussed with the implication that QC laser sources can be stabilized to a high degree. The frequency modulation performance of a QC laser has been measured and synchronous detection of f, 2f and 3f absorption signals (nitrous oxide at 8.5 mu m) has been achieved with direct modulation of the injection current. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Williams, RM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,MS K5-25, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3244-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3758 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.366458 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12C UT WOS:000084180300002 ER PT S AU Sharpe, SW Kelly, JF Williams, RM Hartman, JS Gmachl, C Capasso, F Sivco, DL Baillargeon, JN Cho, AY AF Sharpe, SW Kelly, JF Williams, RM Hartman, JS Gmachl, C Capasso, F Sivco, DL Baillargeon, JN Cho, AY BE Fried, A TI Rapid scan (Doppler-limited) absorption spectroscopy using mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers SO APPLICATION OF TUNABLE DIODE AND OTHER INFRARED SOURCES FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING MONITORING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Tunable Diode and Other Infrared Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Processing Monitoring II CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE quantum cascade laser; infrared spectroscopy; remote sensing; absorption spectroscopy AB Laser characteristics have been evaluated for mid-infrared quantum-cascade (QC) lasers operating in a continuous mode at cryogenic temperatures. These tests were performed to determine the suitability of QC lasers for use in various spectroscopic applications, including Doppler-limited molecular absorption spectroscopy and pressure-limited LIDAR instrumentation. Using rapid-scanning techniques, direct absorbance measurements of nitric oxide (NO), ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have been performed with QC lasers, operating at either 5.2 or 8.5 mu m. Measured Doppler-limited absorption profiles show no distortion with increased averaging (up to 10(3)-10(4) samples averaged), thereby minimizing the need for sophisticated data acquisition systems which re-register successive data streams to accommodate for laser frequency jitter and drift. Additionally, the high tuning rates (2.5 cm(-1) in 0.6 milliseconds; 5-10 kHz sweep repetition rate) achieved with the QC lasers allow for the measure of relatively rapid transient phenomena or a high degree of signal averaging in a short time. Noise-equivalent absorbances of 3 x 10(-6) have also been obtained without optimizing the optical arrangement. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sharpe, SW (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,MS K5-25, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3244-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3758 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.366464 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12C UT WOS:000084180300003 ER PT S AU Aniolek, KW Kulp, TJ Richman, BA Bisson, SE Powers, PE Schmitt, RL AF Aniolek, KW Kulp, TJ Richman, BA Bisson, SE Powers, PE Schmitt, RL BE Fried, A TI Trace gas detection in the mid-IR with a compact PPLN-based cavity ringdown spectrometer SO APPLICATION OF TUNABLE DIODE AND OTHER INFRARED SOURCES FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING MONITORING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Tunable Diode and Other Infrared Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Processing Monitoring II CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy; PPLN; compact atmospheric trace gas sensor ID MICROCHIP LASERS; SPECTROSCOPY; POWER AB The development of a mid-infrared cavity ringdown spectrometer for trace gas measurements is described. The device employs a novel Light source based on periodically poled Lithium niobate (PPLN). Narrow linewidth (less than or equal to 0.08 cm(-1) FWHM) mid-infrared radiation (at energies up to 15 mu J) is generated by three serial elements: a broadband optical parametric generator (OPG), a tunable spectral filter,and an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). Currently, spectral filtering is accomplished by an air-spaced Fabry-Perot etalon that allows 15 cm(-1) of narrowband continuous tuning anywhere between 6200-6780 cm(-1) and 3200-2620 cm(-1) This can, in principle, be extended to the entire PPLN transparency window (2220-7690 cm(-1)) using multiple PPLN crystals and a suitable tuning element. The high gain of PPLN allows pumping by compact, high-repetition-rate solid-state laser sources, thereby minimizing the sensor size and allowing rapid spectral scans. Operation is demonstrated using both a 1 kHz Nd:YAG and a novel 120 Hz passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microlaser. Performance of the cavity ringdown sensor is characterized in terms of sensitivity, spectral coverage (segmented scans up to 350 cm(-1) long), measurement speed, and measurements in the presence of atmospheric background gases. Issues relevant to the ultimate portable implementation of the sensor are addressed, including the use of two alternative frequency filtering/tuning mechanisms (a fiber-optic etalon and an acousto-optically tunable filter (AOTF) plus an air-spaced etalon) and implementation of frequency calibration. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Aniolek, KW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9051,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3244-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3758 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.366469 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12C UT WOS:000084180300007 ER PT S AU Goers, UB Kulp, TJ Powers, PE McRae, TG AF Goers, UB Kulp, TJ Powers, PE McRae, TG BE Fried, A TI A PPLN-OPO-based backscatter absorption gas imaging (BAGI) system and its application to the visualization of fugitive gas emissions SO APPLICATION OF TUNABLE DIODE AND OTHER INFRARED SOURCES FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING MONITORING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Tunable Diode and Other Infrared Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Processing Monitoring II CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE Backscatter Absorption Gas Imaging; remote sensing. fugitive emissions; optical parametric oscillator; PPLN ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; PERIODICALLY POLED LINBO3; CONTINUOUS-WAVE AB We report on a laser active imager suitable for the visualization of natural gas leaks and volatile organic compounds (VOC's) emmited by oil refineries. The described backscatter-absorption gas-imaging (BAGI) system employs a raster scanner in conjunction with a tunable continuous wave (cw) laser source,The imager creates real-time video imagery of a scene, while illuminating it with infrared laser light at a wavelength that is absorbed by the gas to be detected. Thus, gas plumes that otherwise cannot be seen by the human eye appear in BAGI images as dark clouds. In order to produce the high intensity infrared light that is needed to image natural gas and refinery by-products, we used a nonlinear frequency-conversion technique that employs the quasi-phase-matched crystal periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN). The crystal serves as the active medium in a cw optical parametric oscillator (OPO) that is pumped by a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser. The output frequencies were selected to coincide with absorption features of general aliphatic species (2935 and 2968 cm(-1)), aromatics, such as benzene and toluene (3033 cm(-1)), and methane (3018 cm(-1)). The crystal was engineered to cover the desired spectral range using a fan-out design. This allows tuning of the OPO between 2832 and 3145 cm(-1) in idler wavelength by simply translating the crystal at a fixed temperature. Presented data demonstrate the performance of this system for imaging species of interest at relevant concentrations and ranges up to about 30 m. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kulp, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9051,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3244-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3758 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.366451 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12C UT WOS:000084180300020 ER PT S AU Santangelo, PJ Ludowise, PD Shaddix, CR Allendorf, SW Ottesen, DK Ross, JR Johnsen, HA Hubbard, GL AF Santangelo, PJ Ludowise, PD Shaddix, CR Allendorf, SW Ottesen, DK Ross, JR Johnsen, HA Hubbard, GL BE Fried, A TI Development of a probe for in situ measurements of major species in a pool fire using multiplexed near-IR TDLAS SO APPLICATION OF TUNABLE DIODE AND OTHER INFRARED SOURCES FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING MONITORING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Tunable Diode and Other Infrared Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Processing Monitoring II CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE diode laser absorption; in situ probe; multiplexing ID DIODE-LASERS; WAVELENGTH; FLAME AB In this paper we discuss the development of a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy probe to simultaneously measure, in situ concentrations of 4 major species (CO, C2H2, CH4, and H2O) and the gas phase temperature in a pool fire. The difficulty in making these types of measurements is intrinsic to the environment itself. A large fire is composed of very hot (>1000 K), turbulent gases and highly radiating and absorbing soot particles. Fiber optic cables are used to transport laser radiation into the fire via a water-cooled probe. This paper focuses on probe design issues, such as the optimization of open path, multipass optics for a turbulent, particulate-laden flow, and the application of high-frequency wavelength modulation spectroscopy to frequency-domain multiplexing of diode lasers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Santangelo, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3244-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3758 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1117/12.366454 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP12C UT WOS:000084180300023 ER PT S AU Keller, PE AF Keller, PE BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB Bezdek, JC TI Physiologically inspired pattern recognition for electronic noses SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence II CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE electronic noses; neural networks; cognitive systems; sensor analysis; chemometrics; odor; olfaction AB The electronic nose is a natural match for physiologically motivated chemical data analysis. Both the olfactory system and the electronic nose consist of an array of chemical sensing elements and a pattern recognition system. Physiologically motivated approaches to automated chemical analysis with electronic noses are discussed in this paper. Also, applications of electronic noses to environmental sensing, food processing, and medicine are referenced. The quantity and complexity of the data collected by sensor arrays can make conventional chemical analysis of data in an automated fashion difficult. One approach to odor or volatile compound identification is to build an array of sensors, where each sensor in the array is designed to respond to a specific chemical. With this approach, the number of unique sensors must be at least as great as the number of chemicals being monitored. It is both expensive and difficult to build highly selective chemical sensors. An alternative approach is to use sensors that have a broader response and rely on advanced information processing to discriminate between different chemicals. This latter approach was inspired by biological olfactory systems and is the approach incorporated in electronic noses to reduce the requirements on both the number and the selectivity of the sensors. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Paul-Keller@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3196-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3722 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1117/12.342868 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BM94R UT WOS:000080213000013 ER PT S AU Kercel, SW Allgood, GO Dress, WB Hylton, JO AF Kercel, SW Allgood, GO Dress, WB Hylton, JO BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB Bezdek, JC TI An anticipatory model of cavitation SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence II CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE anticipatory system; Bayesian; machine intelligence; model-based; cavitation AB The Anticipatory System (AS) formalism developed by Robert Rosen provides some insight into the problem of embedding intelligent behavior in machines. AS emulates the anticipatory behavior of biological systems. AS bases its behavior on its expectations about the near future and those expectations are modified as the system gains experience. The expectation is based on an internal model that is drawn from an appeal to physical reality. To be adaptive, the model must be able to update itself. To be practical, the model must run faster than real-time. The need for a physical model and the requirement that the model execute at extreme speeds, has held back the application of AS to practical problems. Two recent advances make it possible to consider the use of AS for practical intelligent sensors. First advances in transducer technology make it possible to obtain previously unavailable data from which a model can be derived. For example, acoustic emissions (AE) can be fed into a Bayesian system identifier that enables the separation of a weak characterizing signal such as the signature of pump cavitation precursors, from a strong masking signal, such as a pump vibration feature. The second advance is the development of extremely fast, but inexpensive, digital signal processing hardware on which it is possible to run an adaptive Bayesian-derived model faster than real-time. This paper reports the investigation of an AS using a model of cavitation based on hydrodynamic principles and Bayesian analysis of data from high-performance AE sensors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kercel, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6011, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3196-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3722 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1117/12.342877 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BM94R UT WOS:000080213000020 ER PT S AU Kelsey, RL Webster, RB AF Kelsey, RL Webster, RB BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB Bezdek, JC TI Adapting perspectives to facilitate knowledge assimilation SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence II CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE knowledge assimilation; abstraction; perspective; object-based knowledge representation AB The notion of perspective when supported in knowledge representation can allow the representation of multiple and varying points of view, some of which may even be inconsistent with one another. In an object-based knowledge representation methodology created and used by the authors, a perspective is defined by consolidating a number of objects and a number of those objects' associated attributes and methods into a view. This view can help partition a knowledge domain into separate portions. A separate portion represents an individual's view of the knowledge domain. Representation of multiple and varying perspectives can add detail and context to the knowledge in a knowledge domain. The ability to create new perspectives may add to the existing knowledge as well as reveal paths to additional knowledge. A simple example is presented where perspectives are used to represent game playing strategies and levels of expertise in those strategies. Players' perspectives are adapted and changed to provide additional knowledge and insight into further game playing strategies. Results show improvement in the playing of the games. Additionally, a more: complex problem for applying these techniques is introduced. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelsey, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XCM MS-F645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3196-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3722 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.342878 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BM94R UT WOS:000080213000021 ER PT S AU Kangas, LJ Terrones, KM Keppel, RD La Moria, RD AF Kangas, LJ Terrones, KM Keppel, RD La Moria, RD BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB Bezdek, JC TI Computer Aided Tracking and Characterization of Homicides & sexual assaults (CATCH) SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence II CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE data mining; visualization; clustering; serial murders; rapes; self-organizing maps ID MURDER AB When a serial offender strikes, it usually means that the, investigation is unprecedented for that police agency. The volume of incoming leads and pieces of information in the case(s) can be overwhelming as evidenced by the thousands of leads gathered in the Ted Bundy Murders, Atlanta Child Murders, and the Green River Murders. Serial cases can be long term investigations in which the suspect remains unknown and continues to perpetrate crimes. With state and local murder investigative systems beginning to crop up, it will become important to manage that information in a timely and efficient way by developing computer programs to assist in that task. One vital function will be to compare violent crime cases from different jurisdictions so investigators can approach the investigation knowing that similar cases exist. CATCH (Computer Aided Tracking and Characterization of Homicides) is being developed to assist crime investigations by assessing likely characteristics of unknown offenders, by relating a specific crime case to other cases, and by providing a tool for clustering similar cases that may be attributed to the same offenders. CATCH is a collection of fools that assist the crime analyst in the investigation process by providing advanced data mining and visualization capabilities. These tools include clustering maps, query tools, geographic maps, timelines, etc. Each tool is designed to give the crime analyst a different view of the case data. The clustering tools in CATCH are based an artificial neural networks (ANNs). The ANNs learn to cluster similar cases from approximately 5000 murders and 3000 sexual assaults residing in a database. The clustering algorithm is applied to parameters describing modus operandi (MO), signature characteristics of the offenders, and other parameters describing the victim and offender. The proximity of cases within a two-dimensional representation of the clusters allows the analyst to identify similar or serial murders and sexual assaults. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kangas, LJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, MS K7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3196-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3722 BP 250 EP 260 DI 10.1117/12.342880 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BM94R UT WOS:000080213000023 ER PT S AU Keller, PE McKinnon, D AF Keller, PE McKinnon, D BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB Bezdek, JC TI Pulse-coupled neural networks for medical image analysis SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence II CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE pulse-coupled neural networks; PCNN; image processing; segmentation; medical diagnostics AB Pulse-coupled neural networks (PCNNs) have recently become fashionable for image processing. This paper discusses some of the advantages and disadvantages of PCNNs for performing image segmentation in the realm of medical diagnostics. PCNNs were tested with magnetic resonance imagery (MRT) of the brain and abdominal region and nuclear scintigraphic imagery of the lungs (V/Q scans). Our preliminary results show that PCNNs do well at contrast enhancement. They also do well at image segmentation when each segment is approximately uniform in intensity. However, there are limits to what PCNNs can do. For example, when intensity significantly varies across a single segment, that segment does not properly separate from other objects. Another problem with the PCNN is properly setting the various parameters so that a uniform response is achieved over a set of imagery. Sometimes, a set of parameters that properly segment objects in one image fail on a similar image. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Keller, PE (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3196-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3722 BP 444 EP 451 DI 10.1117/12.342900 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BM94R UT WOS:000080213000042 ER PT S AU Brumby, SP Theiler, J Perkins, SJ Harvey, N Szymanski, JJ Bloch, JJ Mitchell, M AF Brumby, SP Theiler, J Perkins, SJ Harvey, N Szymanski, JJ Bloch, JJ Mitchell, M BE Bosacchi, B Fogel, DB Bezdek, JC TI Investigation of image feature extraction by a genetic algorithm SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF NEURAL NETWORKS, FUZZY SYSTEMS, AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications and Science of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Evolutionary Computation II CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO DE evolutionary computation; genetic algorithms; image analysis; multi-spectral analysis AB We describe the implementation and performance of a genetic algorithm (GA) which generates image feature extraction algorithms for remote sensing applications. We describe our basis set of primitive image operators and present our chromosomal representation of a complete algorithm. Our initial application has been geospatial feature extraction using publicly available multi-spectral aerial-photogaphy data sets. We present the preliminary results of our analysis of the efficiency of the classic genetic operations of crossover and mutation for our application, and discuss our choice of evolutionary control parameters. We exhibit some of our evolved algorithms, and discuss possible avenues for future progress. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brumby, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3298-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3812 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1117/12.367697 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BP12P UT WOS:000084198700003 ER PT S AU Ray, MD Sedlacek, AJ AF Ray, MD Sedlacek, AJ BE SedlacekIII, AJ Fischer, KW TI Mini-Raman Lidar System for stand-off, in situ interrogation of surface contaminants SO APPLICATIONS OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Annual Meeting on Applications of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE Raman; lidar; surface; portable; chemical sensor; contamination; non-contact; stand-off; in-situ AB The Mini-Raman Lidar System (MRLS) is a "proof-of-principle" chemical sensor that combines the spectral fingerprinting of solar-blind UV Raman spectroscopy with the principles of lidar to open a new venue of short-range (meters to tens of meters), non-contact detection and identification of unknown substances on surfaces. The device has potential application to "first responders" at the site of a chemical spill. The MRLS is portable and has been used both in the lab and in the field. Theoretical estimates and actual laboratory data suggest the possibility of detecting contaminants with a surface coverage of < 1g/m(2) at a distance of three meters for one second of signal integration. Increasing the optical throughput efficiency, integrating pattern recognition software, and incorporating a laser with a wavelength near 250 nm are the primary goals for the development of a prototype system. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ray, MD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 703, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3243-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3757 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.366437 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN97U UT WOS:000083736900006 ER PT S AU Jacobson, PL Busch, GE Thompson, DC Remelius, DK Wells, FD AF Jacobson, PL Busch, GE Thompson, DC Remelius, DK Wells, FD BE SedlacekIII, AJ Fischer, KW TI An improved CO2 lidar receiver based on ultra-low noise FPA technology SO APPLICATIONS OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Annual Meeting on Applications of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE LWIR lidar receiver; focal plane array; ultra-low noise ROIC, HgCdTe infrared detector AB A high sensitivity, CO2 lidar detector, based on recent advances in ultra-low noise, readout integrated circuits (ROIC), is being developed. This detector will combine a high speed, low noise focal plane array (FPA) with a dispersive grating spectrometer. The spectrometer will filter the large background flux, thereby reducing the limiting background photon shot noise. In order to achieve the desired low noise levels, the HgCdTe FPA will be cooled to similar to 50K. High speed, short pulse operation of the lidar system should enable the detector to operate with the order of a few noise electrons in the combined detector/ROIC output. Current receiver design concepts will be presented, along with their expected noise performance. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobson, PL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E543, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3243-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3757 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.366428 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN97U UT WOS:000083736900016 ER PT S AU Nemzek, RJ AF Nemzek, RJ BE SedlacekIII, AJ Fischer, KW TI Air truth: operation of a remotely-controlled infrared camera and ground-air video/data link during airborne lidar tests SO APPLICATIONS OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Annual Meeting on Applications of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE lidar; ground truth; airborne; infrared; imager AB In early tests of an airborne lidar platform, we confirmed the utility of an elevated ground-based infrared camera as a chemical plume diagnostic. For a series of lidar tests during the summer of 1998, we carried this concept a step further, by adding a digital data link to pass infrared camera video and other data streams to and from the aircraft in real time. In addition, the entire system had to be operated from a distance, for safety considerations. To achieve this goal under a restricted budget and significant time and effort constraints, we assembled a system using primarily off-the-shelf components and software requiring little customization. Remote system control was achieved by a set of radio modems, while the aircraft data link was effected via wireless ethernet connection. The system performed reliably throughout the test series. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nemzek, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-E543, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3243-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3757 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1117/12.366433 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN97U UT WOS:000083736900020 ER PT J AU Stephen, JR Chang, YJ Macnaughton, SJ Kowalchuk, GA Leung, KT Flemming, CA White, DC AF Stephen, JR Chang, YJ Macnaughton, SJ Kowalchuk, GA Leung, KT Flemming, CA White, DC TI Effect of toxic metals on indigenous soil p-subgroup proteobacterium ammonia oxidizer community structure and protection against toxicity by inoculated metal-resistant bacteria SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MONOOXYGENASE; ACCUMULATION; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; ZONE AB Contamination of soils with toxic metals is a major problem on military, industrial, and mining sites worldwide. Of particular interest to the field of bioremediation is the selection of biological markers for the end point of remediation, In this microcosm study, we focus on the effect of addition of a mixture of toxic metals (cadmium, cobalt, cesium, and strontium as chlorides) to soil on the population structure and size of the ammonia oxidizers that are members of the beta subgroup of the Proteobacteria (beta-subgroup ammonia oxidizers). In a parallel experiment, the soils were also treated by the addition of five strains of metal-resistant heterotrophic bacteria. Effects on nitrogen cycling were measured by monitoring the NH(3) and NH(4)(+) levels in soil samples. The gene encoding the alpha-subunit of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) was selected as a functional molecular marker for the beta-subgroup ammonia oxidizing bacteria. Community structure comparisons were performed with clone libraries of PCR-amplified fragments of amoA recovered from contaminated and control microcosms for 8 weeks, Analysis was performed by restriction digestion and sequence comparison. The abundance of ammonia oxidizers in these microcosms was also monitored by competitive PCR. All amoA gene fragments recovered grouped with sequences derived from cultured Nitrosospira, These comprised four novel sequence clusters and a single unique clone. Specific changes in the community structure of beta-subgroup ammonia oxidizers were associated with the addition of metals. These changes were not seen in the presence of the inoculated metal-resistant bacteria, Neither treatment significantly altered the total number of beta-subgroup ammonia-oxidizing cells per gram of soil compared to untreated controls. Following an initial decrease in concentration, ammonia began to accumulate in metal-treated soils toward the end of the experiment. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Netherlands Inst Ecol, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP White, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 10515 Res Dr,Suite 300, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM MILIPIDS@AOL.COM RI Kowalchuk, George/C-4298-2011 NR 39 TC 185 Z9 202 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 65 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 154RD UT WOS:000077901800015 PM 9872765 ER PT J AU Grossman, MJ Lee, MK Prince, RC Garrett, KK George, GN Pickering, IJ AF Grossman, MJ Lee, MK Prince, RC Garrett, KK George, GN Pickering, IJ TI Microbial desulfurization of a crude oil middle-distillate fraction: Analysis of the extent of sulfur removal and the effect of removal on remaining sulfur SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP STRAIN IGTS8; FOSSIL-FUELS; DIBENZOTHIOPHENE; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; CONVERSION; PETROLEUM; OXIDATION; PRODUCTS; PATHWAY AB Rhodococcus sp, strain ECRD-1 was evaluated for its ability to desulfurize a 232 to 343 degrees C middle-distillate (diesel range) fraction of Oregon basin (OB) crude oil. OB oil was provided as the sole source of sulfur in batch cultures, and the extent of desulfurization and the chemical fate of the residual sulfur in the oil after treatment were determined. Gas chromatography (GC), flame ionization detection, and GC sulfur chemiluminesce detection analysis were used to qualitatively evaluate the effect of Rhodococcus sp. strain ECRD-1 treatment on the hydrocarbon and sulfur content of the oil, respectively. Total sulfur was determined by combustion of samples and measurement of released sulfur dioxide by infrared absorption. Up to 30% of the total sulfur in the middle distillate cut was removed, and compounds across the entire boiling range of the oil were affected. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption-edge spectroscopy was used to examine the chemical state of the sulfur remaining in the treated OB oil. Approximately equal amounts of thiophenic and sulfidic sulfur compounds were removed by ECRD-1 treatment, and over 50% of the sulfur remaining after treatment was in an oxidized form. The presence of partially oxidized sulfur compounds indicates that these compounds were en route to desulfurization. Overall, more than two-thirds of the sulfur had been removed or oxidized by the microbial treatment. C1 Exxon Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Grossman, MJ (reprint author), Exxon Res & Engn Co, Route 22 E,Room LA270, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RI Grossman, Matthew/K-3357-2012; George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 NR 30 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 65 IS 1 BP 181 EP 188 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 154RD UT WOS:000077901800028 PM 9872778 ER PT J AU Warnock, RL Ellison, JA AF Warnock, RL Ellison, JA TI From symplectic integrator to Poincare map: spline expansion of a map generator in Cartesian coordinates SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NSF/CBMS Regional Conference on Numerical Analysis of Hamiltonian Differential Equations CY JUN 02-06, 1997 CL COLORADO SCH MINES, GOLDEN, COLORADO SP NSF, CBMS HO COLORADO SCH MINES AB Data from orbits of a symplectic integration can be interpolated so as to construct an approximation to the generating function of a Poincare map. The time required to compute an orbit of the symplectic map induced by the generator can be much less than the time to follow the same orbit by symplectic integration. The approximation has been constructed previously for full-turn maps of large particle accelerators, and a large saving in time (for instance a factor of 60) has been demonstrated. A shortcoming of our work to date arises from the use of canonical polar coordinates, which preclude map construction in small regions of phase space near coordinate singularities. Here, we show that Cartesian coordinates can be used, thus avoiding singularities. The generator is represented in a basis of tensor product B-splines. Under weak conditions, the spline expansion converges uniformly as the mesh is refined, approaching the generator of the Poincare map as defined by the symplectic integrator, in some parallelepiped of phase space centered at the origin. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. and IMACS. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Warnock, RL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 29 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0168-9274(98)00034-8 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 143RU UT WOS:000077270900008 ER PT J AU Stabin, MG Tagesson, M Thomas, SR Ljungberg, M Strand, SE AF Stabin, MG Tagesson, M Thomas, SR Ljungberg, M Strand, SE TI Radiation dosimetry in nuclear medicine SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article ID PATIENT-SPECIFIC DOSIMETRY; TREATMENT PLANNING SYSTEM; GROUP NO 6; MONTE-CARLO; INTERNAL DOSIMETRY; EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES; ACTIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTER CORRECTION; BETA-CAMERA AB Radionuclides are used in nuclear medicine in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. A knowledge of the radiation dose received by different organs in the body is essential to an evaluation of the risks and benefits of any procedure. In this paper, current methods for internal dosimetry are reviewed, as they are applied in nuclear medicine. Particularly, the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) system for dosimetry is explained, and many of its published resources discussed. Available models representing individuals of different age and gender, including those representing the pregnant woman are described; current trends in establishing models for individual patients are also evaluated. The proper design of kinetic studies for establishing radiation doses for radiopharmaceuticals is discussed. An overview of how to use information obtained in a dosimetry study, including that of the effective dose equivalent (ICRP 30) and effective dose (ICRP 60), is given. Current trends and issues in internal dosimetry, including the calculation of patient-specific doses and in the use of small scale and microdosimetry techniques, are also reviewed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Radiat Internal Dose Informat Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Radiat Phys, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. Univ Cincinnati, Div Med Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Stabin, MG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Radiat Internal Dose Informat Ctr, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 84 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 50 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(98)00023-2 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 160KA UT WOS:000078228300006 PM 10028629 ER PT J AU Barshick, CM Hess, KR Zook, AL Steiner, RE King, FL AF Barshick, CM Hess, KR Zook, AL Steiner, RE King, FL TI Investigation into the analytical utility of plasma etching in reactive glow discharge plasmas SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Winter Plasma Conference CY 1998 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA DE glow discharge; plasma etching; optical spectroscopy; elemental analysis; silica matrix ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LOW-PRESSURE; IONIZATION; EMISSION; CATHODE; SOILS AB Tetrafluoromethane (CF4, 1.01% by weight) was added to the argon support gas of a hollow cathode glow discharge to investigate the analytical utility of etch atomization. When a conducting copper cathode was analyzed, the sputtering rate (as measured by weight loss) was reduced by a factor of five compared to operation with pure argon. Copper atomic absorbance and copper atomic emission intensity were also reduced by factors of seven and two, respectively. When a nonconducting sample was analyzed, the stainless steel ring that held the sample acted as an auxiliary cathode, supporting the discharge processes. Radical fluoride species formed in this discharge reacted with the nonconducting substrate (silica) to produce volatile SiF4 that spontaneously evolved into the gas phase, carrying with it copper and uranium. This approach is analogous to plasma etching, a well-established technique for semiconductor processing. Atomic emission data were obtained with a pure argon discharge and an argon/CF4 discharge. With the addition of CF4, a 30% enhancement was observed for uranium in glass and a 50% enhancement for copper in glass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to support the supposition that etching of the silica matrix on the inner surface of the hollow cathode contributed to this enhancement. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Chem, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Barshick, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 53 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1366/0003702991945236 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 160RX UT WOS:000078245700012 ER PT J AU Espinoza, LH Lucas, D Littlejohn, D AF Espinoza, LH Lucas, D Littlejohn, D TI Characterization of hazardous aqueous samples by near-IR spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared spectroscopy; hazardous aqueous waste determination; multivariate calibration; Hanford waste ID HYDROXIDE AB We describe the application of near-infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of aqueous samples that simulate hazardous wastes at the DOE Hanford site. Surrogate liquid mixtures are prepared with compositions similar to the actual Hanford liquid wastes. We demonstrate a standard error of precision of approximately 0.06 M for NaNO3 and NaNO2, 0.006 M for Na(3)HEDTA, and 0.009 M for Na2CO3 by using a 1 mm pathlength and approximately 1 min collection time in the 9000-5300 cm(-1) (1.11-1.85 mu m) region. Even though most of these electrolytes do not possess characteristic near-infrared bands suitable for quantitative analysis, the use of partial least-squares multivariate calibration makes it possible to correlate spectral differences, based on perturbations in the near-IR water spectrum, and determine each component concentration. The effects of the electrolytes and temperature on the water spectrum are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lucas, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 53 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1366/0003702991945281 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 160RX UT WOS:000078245700017 ER PT J AU Espinoza, LH Lucas, D Littlejohn, D Kyauk, S AF Espinoza, LH Lucas, D Littlejohn, D Kyauk, S TI Total organic carbon content in aqueous samples determined by near-IR spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE total organic carbon determination; near-infrared spectroscopy; multivariate calibration; partial least-squares calibration; Hanford waste AB We describe the application of near-infrared spectroscopy with partial least-squares (PLS) multivariate calibration to determine the total organic carbon (TOC) content of aqueous organic samples. We demonstrate a standard error of precision of approximately 0.50 mg/mL for the TOC content in aqueous organic mixtures of Na(3)HEDTA, Na(4)EDTA, and acetone. The precision of the simultaneous determination of each component in these samples is 1.66 mg/ mL (0.0044 M) for Na(3)HEDTA, 2.62 mg/mL (0.0063 M) for Na(4)EDTA, and 0.38 mg/mL (0.0065 M) for acetone. Transmission spectra were collected by using a 1 mm pathlength and approximately 1 min collection time in the 6250-5450 cm(-1) (1.60-1.83 mu m) region, corresponding to the first C-H overtone hand. This analysis procedure was developed to ease TOC determination for hazardous aqueous wastes such as those found at the DOE Hanford site. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lucas, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 53 IS 1 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1366/0003702991945290 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 160RX UT WOS:000078245700018 ER PT J AU Drucker-Colin, R Verdugo-Diaz, L Morgado-Valle, C Solis-Maldonado, G Ondarza, R Boll, C Miranda, G Wang, GJ Volkow, N AF Drucker-Colin, R Verdugo-Diaz, L Morgado-Valle, C Solis-Maldonado, G Ondarza, R Boll, C Miranda, G Wang, GJ Volkow, N TI Transplant of cultured neuron-like differentiated chromaffin cells in a Parkinson's disease patient. A preliminary report SO ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE differentiation; magnetic fields; Parkinson's disease; chromaffin cells; PET scan ID ADRENAL-MEDULLARY TRANSPLANTATION; CAUDATE-NUCLEUS; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; HUMAN BRAIN; FOLLOW-UP; STRIATUM; SURVIVAL; TISSUE; REPRODUCIBILITY; IMPROVEMENT AB Background. Treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD) has been attempted by others by transplanting either the patient's own adrenal medullary tissue or fetal substantia nigra into caudate or putamen areas. However, the difficulties inherent in using the patient's own adrenal gland, or the difficulty in obtaining human fetal tissue, has generated the need to find alternative methods. Methods. We report here of an alternative to both procedures by using as transplant material cultured human adrenal chromaffin cells differentiated into neuron-like cells by extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MF). Results. The results of this study show that human differentiated chromaffin cells can be grafted into the caudate nucleus of a PD patient, generating substantial clinical improve ment, as measured by the Unified Rating Scale for PD, which correlated with glucose metabolism and D(2) DA receptor increases as seen in a PET scan, while allowing a 70% decrease in L-Dopa medication. Discussion. This is the first preliminary report showing that transplants of cultured differentiated neuron-like cells can be successfully used to treat a PD patient. (C) 1999 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Fisiol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Neurociencias, Inst Fisiol Celular, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Hosp Cent Sur PEMEX, Serv Neurocirugia, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Neurol & Neurocirugia Manuel Velasco Su, Div Neurocirugia, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Neurol & Neurocirugia Manuel Velasco Su, Dept Psicol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Drucker-Colin, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Fisiol, Apdo Postal 70-250, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM drucker@servidor.unam.mx NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0188-4409 J9 ARCH MED RES JI Arch. Med. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0188-0128(98)00007-4 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 170CK UT WOS:000078788100008 PM 10071423 ER PT J AU Rosenquist, G AF Rosenquist, G TI Window-type room air conditioners SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Window-mounted room air conditioners (RACs) first appeared in the United States in the 1930s. Compared to today's models, these units were large, heavy, noisy and costly. Even so, about 33,000 RACs were sold in 1941.(1) Since their inception, RACs have grown in acceptance (and sales) and have become a reliable means to provide space cooling for millions of Americans. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Efficiency Stand Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rosenquist, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Efficiency Stand Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 41 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 155AU UT WOS:000077924300010 ER PT B AU Moore, DG Fulwood, H AF Moore, DG Fulwood, H GP ASNT ASNT TI Sensitivity variation on low cycle fatigue cracks using level 4/method B penetrant SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-for-Nondestructive-Testing Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 11-15, 1999 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing AB The Federal Aviation Administration's Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validation Center (AANC) is currently conducting experiments with Level 4, Method B penetrant on low cycle fatigue specimens. The main focus of these experiments is to document the affect on penetrant brightness readings by varying inspection parameters. This paper discusses the results of changing drying temperature, drying time, and dwell time of both penetrant and emulsifier on low cycle fatigue specimens. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validat Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Moore, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validat Ctr, POB 5800,MS-0615, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-036-7 PY 1999 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BU34D UT WOS:000175724600004 ER PT B AU Fry, DA Hagan, RC Picard, RR AF Fry, DA Hagan, RC Picard, RR GP ASNT ASNT TI Indirect measurement of internal container pressure using real-time radiography SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-for-Nondestructive-Testing Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 11-15, 1999 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Measurement Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fry, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Measurement Technol Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-036-7 PY 1999 BP 143 EP 145 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BU34D UT WOS:000175724600040 ER PT B AU Winter, VL AF Winter, VL GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI An overview of HATS: A language independent High Assurance Transformation System SO ASSET'99: 1999 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATION-SPECIFIC SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Symposium on Application-Specific Systems and Software Engineering and Technology (ASSET 99) CY MAR 24-27, 1999 CL RICHARDSON, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc, UT Dallas, Ctr Applicat Specif Syst & Software Engn AB Transformations that are based on syntax: directed rewriting systems can have a significant impact on the construction of high assurance systems. However, in order for a transformational approach to be useful to a particular problem domain, a (general) transformation system must be adapted to the notation of that particular domain. A transformation system that can be easily adapted to various domain notations has the potential of having a wide range of applicability. In this paper we dissus why transformation is attractive from a high assurance perspective, as well as some issues surrounding automated transformation within specific problem domains. We then give an overview of a language independent High Assurance Transformation System (HATS) that is being developed at Sandia National Laboratories. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Winter, VL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0122-2 PY 1999 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1109/ASSET.1999.756772 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM84Z UT WOS:000079918000028 ER PT B AU Potok, TE Vouk, MA AF Potok, TE Vouk, MA GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI A model of correlated team behavior in a software development environment SO ASSET'99: 1999 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATION-SPECIFIC SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Symposium on Application-Specific Systems and Software Engineering and Technology (ASSET 99) CY MAR 24-27, 1999 CL RICHARDSON, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc, UT Dallas, Ctr Applicat Specif Syst & Software Engn AB In today's highly competitive development environments, accurately estimating software duration and cost can often mean the difference between project success or failure. Traditional software development estimation techniques often assume that software development teams operate independently fr om task to task. This assumption allows task covariances to be ignored However there is ample evidence that in practice behavior of a software development team over a project life-cycle has strong "memory" of previous tasks and external influences. This means that the accuracy of software development estimates may suffer due to this simplifying assumption of no-correlation. We present a model that we use to describe correlated team behavior in a software development environment. software estimating. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Potok, TE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0122-2 PY 1999 BP 280 EP 283 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM84Z UT WOS:000079918000037 ER PT B AU Isaacs, TH AF Isaacs, TH GP OECD OECD TI Survey and analysis of education in the nuclear field SO ASSURING NUCLEAR SAFETY COMPETENCE INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Assuring Nuclear Safety Competence into the 21st Century CY OCT 12-14, 1999 CL HUNGARIAN ATOM ENERGY AUTHORITY, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Comm Nucl Regulat Act HO HUNGARIAN ATOM ENERGY AUTHORITY C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Policy Planning & Special Studies, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Isaacs, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Policy Planning & Special Studies, 7000 E Ave,L-019, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18517-8 PY 1999 BP 47 EP 57 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR19F UT WOS:000165838300004 ER PT B AU Isaacs, TH AF Isaacs, TH GP OECD OECD TI Highlights of session C - How to establish nuclear safety capabilities to meet future challenges SO ASSURING NUCLEAR SAFETY COMPETENCE INTO THE 21ST CENTURY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Assuring Nuclear Safety Competence into the 21st Century CY OCT 12-14, 1999 CL HUNGARIAN ATOM ENERGY AUTHORITY, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Comm Nucl Regulat Act HO HUNGARIAN ATOM ENERGY AUTHORITY C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Policy Planning & Special Studies, Livermore, CA USA. RP Isaacs, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Policy Planning & Special Studies, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18517-8 PY 1999 BP 239 EP 240 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR19F UT WOS:000165838300029 ER PT J AU Siebert, J Brinkman, W Gliozzi, M Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Matsuoka, M AF Siebert, J Brinkman, W Gliozzi, M Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Matsuoka, M TI Recent ASCA and SAX observations of intermediate BL Lac objects SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. RP Siebert, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Postfach 1603, D-85740 Garching, Germany. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 1999 VL 320 IS 4-5 BP 315 EP 315 DI 10.1002/1521-3994(199908)320:4/5<315::AID-ASNA315>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266AD UT WOS:000084277700077 ER PT J AU Shirasaki, Y Matsuoka, M Kawai, N Yoshida, A Namiki, M Sakurai, I Yamauchi, M Takagishi, K Hatsukade, I Fenimore, EE Galassi, M AF Shirasaki, Y Matsuoka, M Kawai, N Yoshida, A Namiki, M Sakurai, I Yamauchi, M Takagishi, K Hatsukade, I Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Wide-field X-ray monitor for HETE-II SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article C1 RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Miyazaki Univ, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shirasaki, Y (reprint author), RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 1999 VL 320 IS 4-5 BP 381 EP 381 DI 10.1002/1521-3994(199908)320:4/5<381::AID-ASNA381>3.0.CO;2-S PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266AD UT WOS:000084277700143 ER PT J AU Pentericci, L Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK McCarthy, P Spinrad, H van Breugel, WJM Macchetto, F AF Pentericci, L Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK McCarthy, P Spinrad, H van Breugel, WJM Macchetto, F TI HST images and properties of the most distant radio galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : TX 1707+1051; galaxies : individual : MRC 2104+242; galaxies : formation; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : active; cosmology : early Universe ID STAR-FORMATION; REDSHIFT; ALIGNMENT; FIELD; ENVIRONMENTS; B2-0902+34; EVOLUTION; REDUCTION; 4C-41.17; JET AB With the Hubble Space Telescope we have obtained images of 9 of the most distant radio galaxies. The galaxies, which have redshifts between z = 2.3 and z = 3.6, were observed with the WFPC2 camera in a broad band filter (F606W or F707W, roughly equivalent to V or R-band), corresponding to the near ultraviolet emission in the rest frame of the radio galaxies. The total observing time was 2 orbits per object. In this paper we present the images overlayed on VLA radio maps of comparable resolution. We also present previously unpublished images, taken from the HST archive, of two other high redshift radio galaxies, observed through similar broad band filters. We find that on the scale of the HST observations there is a wide variety of morphological structures of the hosting galaxies: most objects have a clumpy, irregular appearance, consisting of a bright nucleus and a number of smaller components, suggestive of merging systems. Some observed structures could be due (at least partly) to the presence of dust distributed through the galaxies. The UV continuum emission is generally elongated and aligned with the axis of the radio sources, however the characteristics of the "alignment effect" differ from case to case, suggesting that the phenomenon cannot be explained by a single physical mechanism. We compare the properties of our radio galaxies with those of the UV dropout galaxies and conclude that (i) the most massive radio galaxies may well evolve from an aggregate of UV dropout galaxies and (ii) high redshift radio galaxies probably evolve into present day brightest cluster galaxies. C1 Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94459 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. NR 71 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 341 IS 2 BP 329 EP 347 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 157QC UT WOS:000078072300010 ER PT J AU Brinkmann, W Chester, M Kollgaard, R Feigelson, E Voges, W Hertz, P AF Brinkmann, W Chester, M Kollgaard, R Feigelson, E Voges, W Hertz, P TI Radio-loud ROSAT sources near the North Ecliptic Pole SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; clusters : general; quasars : general; X-rays : general; radio continuum : galaxies ID MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; ALL-SKY SURVEY; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; X-RAY-EMISSION; ABELL CLUSTERS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ACTIVE GALAXIES; COMPLETE SAMPLE; QUIET QUASARS; 38 MHZ AB A deep and large-area survey of the North Ecliptic Pole region was made with the ROSAT All-Sky Survey and the VLA to elucidate the population of radio-loud extragalactic objects. A region of 29.3 square degrees was surveyed With sensitivities around 5 10(-14) erg s(-1) cm(-2) in the soft X-ray band and 1 mJy at 1.5 GHz. Optical counterparts were sought on digitized Schmidt plates from POSS-I and II. Seventy-four reliable RASS-VLA sources were found. The sample is a heterogeneous mixture of Seyfert galaxies, quasars, BL Lac objects, galaxy clusters and groups containing a radio galaxy. Optical magnitudes range from B similar or equal to 14 to B > 22. Three results are noteworthy: (1) the bimodality in the ratio of radio to optical emission seen in optically- and X-ray-selected AGN samples is also evident in the ROSAT-VLA objects; (2) X-ray and radio selection is an effective method for locating poor galaxy clusters and groups; and (3) a considerable population of optically faint but X-ray/radio-bright objects is present. This last group may be either distant clusters with radio galaxies or "red quasars". C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Bucknell Univ, Dept Phys, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Brinkmann, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, POB 1603, D-85740 Garching, Germany. EM wpb@rzg.mpg.de NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 134 IS 2 BP 221 EP 240 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 161NC UT WOS:000078294400003 ER PT J AU Melchior, AL Afonso, C Ansari, R Aubourg, E Baillon, P Bareyre, P Bauer, F Beaulieu, JP Bouquet, A Brehin, S Cavalier, F Char, S Couchot, F Coutures, C Ferlet, R Fernandez, J Gaucherel, C Giraud-Heraud, Y Glicenstein, JF Goldman, B Gondolo, P Gros, M Guibert, J Hardin, D Kaplan, J de Kat, J Lachieze-Rey, M Laurent, B Lesquoy, E Magneville, C Mansoux, B Marquette, JB Maurice, E Milsztajn, A Moniez, M Moreau, O Moscoso, L Palanque-Delabrouille, N Perdereau, O Prevot, L Renault, C Queinnec, F Rich, J Spiro, M Vidal-Madjar, A Vigroux, L Zylberajch, S AF Melchior, AL Afonso, C Ansari, R Aubourg, E Baillon, P Bareyre, P Bauer, F Beaulieu, JP Bouquet, A Brehin, S Cavalier, F Char, S Couchot, F Coutures, C Ferlet, R Fernandez, J Gaucherel, C Giraud-Heraud, Y Glicenstein, JF Goldman, B Gondolo, P Gros, M Guibert, J Hardin, D Kaplan, J de Kat, J Lachieze-Rey, M Laurent, B Lesquoy, E Magneville, C Mansoux, B Marquette, JB Maurice, E Milsztajn, A Moniez, M Moreau, O Moscoso, L Palanque-Delabrouille, N Perdereau, O Prevot, L Renault, C Queinnec, F Rich, J Spiro, M Vidal-Madjar, A Vigroux, L Zylberajch, S TI AGAPEROS: Searching for microlensing in the LMC with the pixel method - I. Data treatment and pixel light curves production SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; techniques : photometric; Galaxy : halo; galaxies : Magellanic Clouds; Cosmology : dark matter; Cosmology : gravitational lensing ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; DARK-MATTER; UNRESOLVED STARS; GALACTIC BULGE; HALO; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; MASS; BAR AB Recent surveys monitoring millions of light curves of resolved stars in the LMC have discovered several microlensing events. Unresolved stars could however significantly contribute to the microlensing rate towards the LMC. Monitoring pixels, as opposed to individual stars, should be able to detect stellar variability as a variation of the pixel flux. We present a first application of this new type of analysis (Pixel Method) to the LMC Bar. Mie describe the complete procedure applied to the EROS 91-92 data (one tenth of the existing CCD data set) in order to monitor pixel fluxes. First, geometric and photometric alignments are applied to each image. Averaging the images of each night reduces significantly the noise level. Second, one light curve for each of the 2.1 10(6) pixels is built and pixels are lumped into 3.6 " x 3.6 " super pixels, one for each elementary pixel. An empirical correction is then applied to account for seeing variations. We find that the final super-pixel light curves fluctuate at a level of 1.8% of the flux in blue and 1.3% in red. We show that this noise level corresponds to about twice the expected photon noise and confirms previous assumptions used for the estimation of the contribution of unresolved stars. We also demonstrate our ability to correct very efficiently for seeing variations affecting each pixel flux. The technical results emphasised here show the efficacy of the Pixel Method and allow us to study luminosity variations due to possible microlensing events and variable stars in two companion papers. C1 Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Astron Unit, London E1 4NS, England. Coll France, Lab Phys Corpusculaire & Cosmol, UMR 7535, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, Ctr Etud Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ La Serena, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, La Serena, Chile. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Observ Paris, INSU, Ctr Anal Inages, F-75014 Paris, France. Observ Marseille, F-13248 Marseille 04, France. RP Melchior, AL (reprint author), Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Astron Unit, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. EM A.L.Melchior@qmw.ac.uk RI Bauer, Florian/G-8816-2011; OI Gondolo, Paolo/0000-0002-8071-8535 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 134 IS 2 BP 377 EP 391 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 161NC UT WOS:000078294400018 ER PT J AU Chang, HK Ho, C AF Chang, HK Ho, C TI Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer observation of PSR B0656+14 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : individual (PSR BO656+14); X-rays : stars ID PULSED EMISSION; ROSAT OBSERVATIONS; PSR-0656+14; PULSARS; PROSPECTS; SEARCHES AB PSR B0656 + 14 was observed by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) with the proportional counter array (PCA) and the high-energy X-ray timing experiment (HEXTE) for 160 ks during 1997 August 22-September 3. No pulsation was firmly found in the timing analysis, during which the contemporaneous radio ephemeris and various statistical tests were applied in searching for evidence of pulsation. A marginal detection of pulsation at a confidence level of 95.5% based on the H test was found with data in the: whole HEXTE energy band, In the energy band of 2-10 keV the RXTE PCA upper limits are about 1 order of magnitude lower than that from ASCA GIS data. If the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory EGRET detection of this pulsar is real, considering the common trait that most EGRET-detected pulsars have a cooling spectrum in hard X-ray and gamma-ray energy bands, the estimated RXTE upper limits indicate a deviation (low-energy turnover) from a cooling spectrum starting from 20 keV or higher. This in turn suggests an outer magnetospheric synchrotron radiation origin For high-energy emissions from PSR B0656 + 14. The RXTE PCA upper limits also suggest that a reported power-law component based on ASCA SIS data in 1-10 keV fitted jointly with ROSAT data, if real, should be mainly unpulsed. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chang, HK (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 510 IS 1 BP 404 EP 407 DI 10.1086/306583 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176NG UT WOS:000079157400033 ER PT J AU Dermer, CD Li, H Chiang, J AF Dermer, CD Li, H Chiang, J TI Correlated spectral and temporal variability in the high-energy emission from blazars SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Integral Workshop on the Extreme Universe CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL TAROMINA, ITALY DE blazers; galaxies; jets; radiation mechanism; nonthermal ID BL-LACERTAE; GAMMA-RAY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; OBJECT PKS-2155-304; FLARE; MARKARIAN-421 AB Blazar Bare data show energy-dependent lags and correlated variability between optical/X-ray and GeV-TeV energies, and follow characteristic trajectories when plotted in the spectral-index/flux plane. This behavior is qualitatively explained if nonthermal electrons are injected over a finite time interval in the comoving plasma frame and cool by radiative processes. Numerical results are presented which show the importance of the effects of synchrotron self-Compton cooling and plasmoid deceleration. The use of INTEGRAL to advance our understanding of these systems is discussed. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NRL, NRC, Washington, DC USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dermer, CD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Code 7653, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1-6 BP 469 EP 476 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357NR UT WOS:000089508200001 ER PT J AU Laporte, P Kohnle, A Abrosimov, N Bastie, P Chambellan, D Cordier, B Di Cocco, G Gizzi, L Hamelin, B Jean, P Laurent, P Paltani, S Skinner, GK Smither, RK von Ballmoos, P AF Laporte, P Kohnle, A Abrosimov, N Bastie, P Chambellan, D Cordier, B Di Cocco, G Gizzi, L Hamelin, B Jean, P Laurent, P Paltani, S Skinner, GK Smither, RK von Ballmoos, P TI Towards the first light for a gamma-ray lens SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Integral Workshop on the Extreme Universe CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL TAROMINA, ITALY DE gamma-ray : instrumentation; gamma-ray : spectroscopy ID CRYSTAL AB The "gamma-ray lens" collaboration is presently preparing for a fundamentally new type of telescope, which is to be flown on a statospheric balloon by the French Space Agency CNES. The instrument features a Laue diffraction lens, a detector module with a 3x3 germanium array, and a balloon gondola stabilized to 15" pointing accuracy. The first flight is planned for the 2 end of 1999 from Leon, Spain. The instrument's lens focusses gamma-ray photons from its 600 cm area onto a small solid state detector, with only 18 cm(3) equivalent volume for background noise. Besides its excellent sensitivity, the telescope has outstanding angular and spectral resolution. The primary objective for its first balloon Right is to detect the Crab nebula and to measure its angular extent at 170 keV with an unprecedented angular resolution of about 1 are minute. For the first time in gamma-ray astronomy, the statistics will be dominated by the signal: for a residual atmosphere of 5.5 g/cm(2) and during a balloon Right at mid-latitudes, the observation of the Crab is expected to be essentially background free. The background will be only a few count/hour, with a detected source Bur of 25 to 40 photons per hour at the Crab culmination. Scientific objectives for further flights include collapsed objects, SNRs, and broad class annihilators. C1 Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Inst Tecnol Studio Radiaz, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. IFAM, Pisa, Italy. CEA Saclay, SAP, Serv Astrophys, Ctr Etude Atom, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Inst Kristallzuchtung, Berlin, Germany. INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. RP Laporte, P (reprint author), Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, 9 Ave Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. RI Gizzi, Leonida/F-4782-2011; laurent, philippe/E-6211-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1-6 BP 921 EP 924 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357NR UT WOS:000089508200100 ER PT J AU Chang, HK Guo, T Liang, MC Ho, C AF Chang, HK Guo, T Liang, MC Ho, C TI Determining emission location and mechanisms of high energy emission from pulsars - the role of INTEGRAL SO ASTROPHYSICAL LETTERS & COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Integral Workshop on the Extreme Universe CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL TAROMINA, ITALY DE pulsars : general; pulsars : individual : PSR B0656+14; pulsars : individual : PSR; B1951+32 ID PSR AB High-energy pulsars typically show a power-law spectrum in CGRO/EGRET energy band with photon spectral indices ranging from -1.4 to -1.8. This is most likely to be produced by a cooling (via a dominant radiation mechanism) population of charges. A spectral bending energy, below which the power law does not continue to extend, can be used to determine the emission location and mechanisms of these high-energy emissions. We report recent RXTE observation results of PSR B0656+14 and PSR B1951+32 in this respect, which favor an outer magnetosphere emission location, We then discuss the importance of INTEGRAL's observation of high-energy pulsars in solving the essential issue of modelling high-energy emission from pulsars. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chang, HK (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0888-6512 J9 ASTROPHYS LETT COMM JI Astrophys. Lett. Comm. PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1-6 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 357NP UT WOS:000089508000015 ER PT J AU van Breugel, W AF van Breugel, W TI Monsters and babies from the FIRST/IRAS survey SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ulraluminous Galaxies - Monsters of Babies CY SEP 20-26, 1998 CL BAVARIA, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Extraterestr Physik ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SKY AB Radio continuum emission at cm wavelengths is relatively little affected by extinction. When combined with far-infrared (FIR) surveys this provides for a convenient and unbiased method to select (radio-loud) AGN and starbursts deeply embedded in gas and dust-rich galaxies. Such radio-selected FIR samples are useful for detailed investigations of the complex relationships between (radio) galaxy and starburst activity, and to determine whether ULIRGs are powered by hidden quasars (monsters) or young stars (babies). We present the results of a large program to obtain identifications and spectra of radio-selected, optically faint IRAS/FSC objects using the FIRST/VLA 20 cm survey (Becker, White and Helfand 1995). These objects are all radio- 'quiet' in the sense that their radio power / FIR luminosities follow the well-known radio/FIR relationship for star forming galaxies. We compare these results to a previous study by our group of a sample of radio-'loud' IRAS/FSC ULIRGs selected from the Texas 365 MHz survey (Douglas etal. 1996). Many of these objects also show evidence for dominant, A-type stellar populations, as well as high ionization lines usually associated with AGN. These radio-loud ULIRGs have properties intermediate between those of starbursts and quasars, suggesting a possible evolutionary connection. Deep Keck spectroscopic observations of three ULIRGs from these samples are presented, including high signal-to-noise spectropolarimetry. The polarimetry observations failed to show evidence of a hidden quasar in polarized (scattered) light in the two systems in which the stellar light was dominated by A-type stars. Although observations of a larger sample would be needed to allow a general conclusion, our current data suggest that a large fraction of ULIRGs may be powered by luminous starbursts, not by hidden, luminous AGN (quasars). While we used radio-selected FIR sources to search for evidence of a causal AGN/starburst connection, we conclude our presentation with a dramatic example of an AGN/starburst object from an entirely unrelated quasar survey selected at the opposite, blue end of the spectrum. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP van Breugel, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, POB 808,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 1999 VL 266 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1023/A:1002656408120 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 312MM UT WOS:000086947100004 ER PT S AU Wood, PR Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, D Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Griest, K King, LJ Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Peterson, BA Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, A Vandehei, T Welch, DL AF Wood, PR Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, D Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Griest, K King, LJ Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Peterson, BA Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, A Vandehei, T Welch, DL BE LeBertre, T Lebre, A Waelkens, C TI MACHO observations of LMC red giants: Mira and semi-regular pulsators, and contact and semi-detached binaries SO ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 191st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1998 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Int Astron Union, Montpellier Univ Sci & Technol, CNRS ID LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; STARS AB The MACHO data base has been used to examine light curves of all red giant stars brighter than M-bol similar to -2 in a 0.5degrees x 0.5degrees area of the LMC bar. Periods, often multiple, have been searched for in all stars found to be variable. Five distinct period-luminosity sequences have been found on the low mass (M less than or similar to 2.25M(circle dot)) giant branch. Comparison of observed periods, luminosities and period ratios with theoretical models identifies Miras unambiguously as radial fundamental mode pulsators, while semi-regular variables can be pulsating in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd overtone, or even the fundamental. All these variables lie on just 3 of the 5 distinct sequences, and they all appear to be on the AGB. The fourth sequence contains red giants on the first giant branch (FGB) or at the red end of the core-helium burning loops of intermediate mass stars (M greater than or similar to 2.25M(circle dot)). The light curves of these stars strongly suggest that they are contact binaries, and they make up similar to0.5% of stars within 1 mag. of the FGB tip. Stars on the fifth sequence show semi-regular, eclipse-like light curves. The light curves and periods of these stars suggest that they are in semi-detached binaries, transfering mass to an invisible companion via a stellar wind or Roche lobe overflow. They make up similar to25% of AGB stars. If the existence of these red giant contact and semi-detached binaries is confirmed, then extant theories of binary star evolution will require substantial modification. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Supercomp Facil, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. MIT, Space Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. European So Observ, D-8046 Garching, Germany. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. RP Wood, PR (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM wood@mso.anu.edu.au RI Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-886733-90-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1999 IS 191 BP 151 EP 158 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU32Z UT WOS:000175704800019 ER PT S AU Winters, JM Le Bertre, T Keady, JJ AF Winters, JM Le Bertre, T Keady, JJ BE LeBertre, T Lebre, A Waelkens, C TI Infrared appearance of dust forming LPVs SO ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 191st Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1998 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Int Astron Union, Montpellier Univ Sci & Technol, CNRS ID LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; C-STARS; KAPPA-MECHANISM; SHELLS; EVAPORATION; MODELS; GROWTH AB The consistent treatment of the physical problem describing a dust forming circumstellar shell yields, besides the time variation of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic shell structure, also the temporal evolution of the grain-size distribution function. We discuss the influence of the dynamical behavior of corresponding dust shell models on the resulting infrared light curves, brightness distributions, and CO infrared line profiles. Some remarks on the grain-size distribution are also given. C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sekr PN 8 1, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Observ Paris, DEMIRM, F-75014 Paris, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Winters, JM (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sekr PN 8 1, Hardenberg Str 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-886733-90-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1999 IS 191 BP 261 EP 266 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU32Z UT WOS:000175704800033 ER PT J AU Price, PN AF Price, PN TI Pollutant tomography using integrated concentration data from non-intersecting optical paths SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE tomography; smooth basis function minimization; optical remote sensing ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; GAS; RECONSTRUCTION AB We investigate the possibility of performing tomographic pollutant mapping using path-integral data from nonintersecting optical paths, and conclude that such a geometry does allow reconstruction of the pollutant distribution with the smooth basis function minimization method. The simulated optical data are derived from actual pollutant concentration distributions determined from previous experiments. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Price, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 33 IS 2 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00159-9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 149QZ UT WOS:000077618000010 ER PT J AU Lalazissis, GA Raman, S Ring, P AF Lalazissis, GA Raman, S Ring, P TI Ground-state properties of even-even nuclei in the relativistic mean-field theory SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID SUPERDEFORMED BANDS; FINITE NUCLEI; DENSITY; ISOTOPES; RADII AB The ground-state properties of 1315 even-even nuclei with 10 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 98 have been calculated in the framework of the relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory. The Lagrangian parametrization NL3 was used in the calculations. Pairing correlations are accounted within the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer approach. The calculated values for the total binding energy, rms proton radius, rms neutron radius, rms charge radius, neutron quadrupole moment, proton quadrupole moment, charge (proton) hexadecapole moment, quadrupole deformation parameter, and hexadecapole deformation parameter are given in Table I. The RMF predictions of some rare-earth nuclei have been compared with the available experimental information, (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Fak Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Lalazissis, GA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ring, Peter/O-1638-2015 NR 36 TC 274 Z9 276 U1 7 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X EI 1090-2090 J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 1999 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 40 DI 10.1006/adnd.1998.0795 PG 40 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 182PL UT WOS:000079507300001 ER PT S AU DiMauro, LF Sheehy, B Walker, B Agostini, PA Kulander, KC AF DiMauro, LF Sheehy, B Walker, B Agostini, PA Kulander, KC BE Baylis, WE Drake, GWF TI Atomic electron correlations in intense laser fields SO ATOMIC PHYSICS 16: SIXTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Atomic Physics (ICAP XVI) CY AUG 03-07, 1998 CL WINDSOR, CANADA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn ID NONSEQUENTIAL DOUBLE-IONIZATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; THRESHOLD IONIZATION; HELIUM; PHOTOIONIZATION; RESCATTERING; MECHANISM; COHERENCE AB This talk examines two distinct cases in strong optical fields where electron correlation plays an important role in the dynamics. In the first example, strong coupling in a two-electron-like system is manifested as an intensity-dependent splitting in the ionized electron energy distribution. This two-electron phenomenon (dubbed continuum-continuum Autler-Townes effect) is analogous to a strongly coupled two-level, one-electron atom but raises some intriguing questions regarding the exact nature of electron-electron correlation. The second case examines the evidence for two-electron ionization in the strong-field tunneling limit. Although our ability to describe the one-electron dynamics has obtained a quantitative level of understanding, a description of the two (multiple) electron ionization remains unclear. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP DiMauro, LF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-752-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 477 BP 386 EP 399 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BN28K UT WOS:000081423200029 ER PT J AU Argyriou, DN Mitchell, JF Jorgensen, JD Goodenough, JB Radaelli, PG Cox, DE Bordallo, HN AF Argyriou, DN Mitchell, JF Jorgensen, JD Goodenough, JB Radaelli, PG Cox, DE Bordallo, HN TI Structure and magnetism in the layered CMR manganites La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 (x=0.3, 0.4) SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Understanding the Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR) Effect CY JUN 08-11, 1998 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, PARKVILLE, AUSTRALIA HO UNIV MELBOURNE ID INTERPLANE TUNNELING MAGNETORESISTANCE; T-C; COLOSSAL-MAGNETORESISTANCE; PEROVSKITE; TRANSITIONS; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; CRYSTAL; LA1.4SR1.6MN2O7; LA1-XCAXMNO3; DISTORTIONS AB In this paper we describe a detailed neutron diffraction investigation of the crystal and magnetic structure of two layered CMR manganites La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 (x = 0.4) and La1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7 (x = 0.3). In these materials of reduced dimensionality compared to the 3D perovskites, we find competing effects between charge-lattice and spin degrees of freedom. These effects can be investigated by studying the behaviour of crystal and magnetic structure as a function of temperature, composition and hydrostatic pressure. We find opposite lattice responses to the onset of charge delocalisation and magnetic ordering in these two layered compounds. Below the insulator-to-metal transition (T-IM), the lattice response suggests that charge is transferred to d(3z2-r2) orbitals in La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 and to d(x2-y2) orbitals in La1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7. We argue that these changes are too large to be due to chemical differences. Instead we suggest that the orbital configuration of the Mn ion below TIM is sensitive to electronic doping. In La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 We find that the lattice response at T-IM to be driven by lattice displacements that relax below TIM, consistent with polaronic degrees of freedom. We also note that the competition between super- and double-exchange to be significant in reduced dimensions. This is manifested in the change in the sign of the apical Mn-O bond compressibilities above and below TIM Finally, we describe the magnetic structure of these two different layered manganites. We find that electronic doping also results in significant changes to the ordered arrangement of Mn spins. Interestingly the magnetism in reduced dimensions in these materials can be Varied from relative simple structures that show ferromagnetic inter-bilayer coupling as observed in La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 to structures with antiferromagnetic inter-bilayer coupling as found in La1.4Sr1.6Mn2O7. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Bordallo, Heloisa/I-6836-2012; OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; Bordallo, Heloisa/0000-0003-0750-0553; Goodenough, John Bannister/0000-0001-9350-3034 NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9506 J9 AUST J PHYS JI Aust. J. Phys. PY 1999 VL 52 IS 2 BP 279 EP 304 DI 10.1071/P98105 PG 26 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 194PB UT WOS:000080201800012 ER PT J AU Schmidt-Bocking, H Mergel, V Dorner, R Brauning, H Achler, M Spielberger, L Jagutzki, O Weber, T Khayyat, K Ullrich, J Cocke, CL Prior, MH Azuma, Y Awaya, Y Kambara, T AF Schmidt-Bocking, H Mergel, V Dorner, R Brauning, H Achler, M Spielberger, L Jagutzki, O Weber, T Khayyat, K Ullrich, J Cocke, CL Prior, MH Azuma, Y Awaya, Y Kambara, T TI Cold target helium recoil ion momentum imaging: Understanding correlated electron motion in the double ionisation process SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Australian-German Workshop on Electron Correlations CY OCT 01-06, 1998 CL FREMANTLE, AUSTRALIA SP Dept Ind, Sci & Resources, Australia, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft, Germany ID PHOTO-DOUBLE-IONIZATION; RESOLVED DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SINGLE IONIZATION; CONTINUUM STATES; NEAR-THRESHOLD; HE COLLISIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY AB Novel imaging techniques enable a highly efficient detection of ions and electrons from ionising multi-fragmentation processes of atoms and molecules induced by photons and charged particles. From position and time-of-flight measurements the vector momenta of these fragments are determined. These devices combine 4 pi solid angle with high resolution in momentum space. They deliver multi-dimensional images of the multi-particle break-up processes. These fully differential cross sections unveil the physical processes dominating the reaction. We discuss double ionisation of He induced by photons and fast protons, which is one of the most fundamental two-electron systems. New results are presented. In a speculative manner the future perspectives with respect to the investigation of dynamical electron{electron correlation are discussed. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. RP Schmidt-Bocking, H (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, August Euler Str 6, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013 OI Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704 NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9506 J9 AUST J PHYS JI Aust. J. Phys. PY 1999 VL 52 IS 3 BP 523 EP 535 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 216DE UT WOS:000081425300015 ER PT J AU Bonnet, FDR Bowman, PO Leinweber, DB Williams, AG Richards, DG AF Bonnet, FDR Bowman, PO Leinweber, DB Williams, AG Richards, DG TI Discretisation errors in Landau gauge on the lattice SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Lattice discretisation errors in the Landau gauge condition are examined. An improved gauge fixing algorithm in which O(a(2)) errors are removed is presented. O (a(2)) improvement of the gauge fixing condition improves comparison with the continuum Landau gauge in two ways: (1) through the elimination of O (a(2)) errors and (2) through a secondary erect of reducing the size of higher-order errors. These results emphasise the importance of implementing an improved gauge fixing condition. C1 Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Supercomp Computat Res Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bonnet, FDR (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RI Williams, Anthony/I-6698-2012; Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013; OI Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027; Williams, Anthony/0000-0002-1472-1592 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9506 J9 AUST J PHYS JI Aust. J. Phys. PY 1999 VL 52 IS 6 BP 939 EP 948 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 238RC UT WOS:000082723100002 ER PT B AU Cook, T AF Cook, T GP NEA NEA TI Issues and challenges SO BACK-END OF THE FUEL CYCLE IN A 1000 GWE NUCLEAR SCENARIO SE OECD PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Back-End of the Fuel Cycle in a 1000 GWE Nuclear Scenario CY OCT 06-07, 1998 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cook, T (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-17116-9 J9 OECD PROC PY 1999 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP04B UT WOS:000083950700002 ER PT B AU Beller, DE Sailor, WC Venneri, F AF Beller, DE Sailor, WC Venneri, F GP NEA NEA TI A closed ThUOX fuel cycle for LWRs with ADTT (ATW) backend for the 21(st) century SO BACK-END OF THE FUEL CYCLE IN A 1000 GWE NUCLEAR SCENARIO SE OECD PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Back-End of the Fuel Cycle in a 1000 GWE Nuclear Scenario CY OCT 06-07, 1998 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE AB A future nuclear energy scenario with a closed, thorium-uranium-oxide (ThUOX) fuel cycle and new light water reactors (TULWRs) supported by Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) systems could provide several improvements beyond today's once-through, UO2-fueled nuclear technology. A deployment scenario with TULWRs plus ATWs to burn the actinides produced by these LWRs and to close the back-end of the ThUOX fuel cycle was modeled to satisfy a U.S. demand that increases linearly from 80 GWe in 2020 to 200 GWe by 2100. During the first 20 years of the scenario (2000-2020), nuclear energy production in the U.S. declines from today's 100 GWe to about 80 GWe, in accordance with forecasts of the U.S. DOE's Energy Information Administration. No new nuclear systems are added during this declining nuclear energy period, and all existing LWRs are shut down by 2045. Beginning in 2020, ATWs that transmute the actinides from existing LWRs are deployed, along with TULWRs and additional ATWs with a support ratio of 1 ATW to 7 TULWRs to meet the energy demand scenario. A final mix of 174 GWe from TULWRs and 26 GWe from ATWs provides the 200 GWe demand in 2100. Compared to a once-through LWR scenario that meets the same energy demand,the TULWR/ATW concept could result in the following improvements: depletion of natural uranium resources would be reduced by 50 percent; inventories of Pu which may result in weapons proliferation,will be reduced in quantity by more than 98 percent and in quality because of higher neutron emissions and 50 times the alpha-decay heating of weapons-grade plutonium; actinides (and possibly fission products) for final disposal in nuclear waste would be substantially reduced; and the cost of fuel and the fuel cycle may be 20-30% less than the once-through UO2 fuel cycle. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beller, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-17116-9 J9 OECD PROC PY 1999 BP 91 EP 104 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP04B UT WOS:000083950700008 ER PT B AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, TG BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV Krivosheina, IV TI Indirect collider tests for large extra dimensions SO BEYOND THE DESERT 1999: ACCELERATOR, NON-ACCELERATOR AND SPACE APPROACHES INTO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model CY JUN 06-12, 1999 CL CASTLE RINGBERG, GERMANY ID SCALE QUANTUM-GRAVITY; SUBMILLIMETER DIMENSIONS; TEV; SIGNATURES; LEPTOQUARKS; MILLIMETER; HIERARCHY; VIOLATION; SIGNALS; MODEL AB We review the capability of colliders to detect the virtual exchange of Kaluza-Klein towers of gravitons within the low scale quantum gravity scenario of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0731-5 PY 1999 BP 23 EP 44 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ92Y UT WOS:000090123800002 ER PT B AU Herczeg, P AF Herczeg, P BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV Krivosheina, IV TI CP-violating effects in the R-parity violating minimal supersymmetric standard model SO BEYOND THE DESERT 1999: ACCELERATOR, NON-ACCELERATOR AND SPACE APPROACHES INTO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model CY JUN 06-12, 1999 CL CASTLE RINGBERG, GERMANY ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; TIME-REVERSAL VIOLATION; BETA-DECAY; NUCLEON-INTERACTIONS; K-MU-3 DECAYS; MUON DECAY; T-ODD; SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS; POLARIZATION; NEUTRINO AB We review the contributions of the CP-violating R-parity violating interactions in the R-parity violating Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model to P,T-violating electron-nucleon interactions and to T-odd correlations in beta, mu, and K+ --> pi degrees mu (+) nu (mu) decay, and discuss the constraints on the R-parity violating coupling constants implied by the experimental results on these observables. We comment also on the contributions of the R-parity violating interactions to the electric dipole moment of the electron and the neutron, and to P,T-violating nucleon-nucleon interactions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Herczeg, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0731-5 PY 1999 BP 125 EP 138 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ92Y UT WOS:000090123800008 ER PT B AU Tucker, DL AF Tucker, DL BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV Krivosheina, IV TI The view of the universe from redshift surveys SO BEYOND THE DESERT 1999: ACCELERATOR, NON-ACCELERATOR AND SPACE APPROACHES INTO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model CY JUN 06-12, 1999 CL CASTLE RINGBERG, GERMANY ID SUPERLARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; COLD DARK-MATTER; POWER SPECTRUM; SUPERNOVAE; GALAXIES AB Here I review both the observational and theoretical aspects of galaxy redshift surveys and their relevance to particle physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dtucker@fnal.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0731-5 PY 1999 BP 1145 EP 1157 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ92Y UT WOS:000090123800073 ER PT J AU Thompson, LH Schild, D AF Thompson, LH Schild, D TI The contribution of homologous recombination in preserving genome integrity in mammalian cells SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Review DE recombinational repair; genetic stability; double-strand breaks; interstrand cross-links; RAD51 pathway ID DOUBLE-STRAND-BREAK; RAY-SENSITIVE MUTANTS; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; HUMAN RAD51 PROTEIN; HAMSTER OVARY CELL; DNA-REPAIR GENE; YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI RECA; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA CELLS; SIMPLE REPETITIVE SEQUENCES AB Although it is clear that mammalian somatic cells possess the enzymatic machinery to perform homologous recombination of DNA molecules, the importance of this process in mitigating DNA damage has been uncertain. An initial genetic framework for studying homologous recombinational repair (HRR) has come from identifying relevant genes by homology or by their ability to correct mutants whose phenotypes are suggestive of recombinational defects. While yeast has been an invaluable guide, higher eukaryotes diverge in the details and complexity of HRR. For eliminating DSBs, HRR and end-joining pathways share the burden, with HRR contributing critically during S and G(2) phases. It is likely that the removal of interstrand cross-links is absolutely dependent on efficient HRR, as suggested by the extraordinary sensitivity of the erccl, xpf/ercc4, xrcc2, and xrcc3 mutants to cross-linking chemicals. Similarly, chromosome stability in untreated cells requires intact HRR, which may eliminate DSBs arising during DNA replication and thereby prevent chromosome aberrations. Complex regulation of HRR by cell cycle checkpoint and surveillance functions is suggested not only by direct interactions between human Rad51 and p53, c-Abl, and BRCA2, but also by very high recombination rates in p53-deficient cells. (C) Societe francaise de biochimie et biologie moleculaire / Elsevier, Paris. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thompson, LH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30990] NR 249 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0300-9084(99)80042-X PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 180XP UT WOS:000079411400011 PM 10214914 ER PT J AU Reed, DT Vojta, Y Quinn, JW Richmann, MK AF Reed, DT Vojta, Y Quinn, JW Richmann, MK TI Radiotoxicity of plutonium in NTA-degrading Chelatobacter heintzii cell suspensions SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE bioprocessing; bioremediation; Chelatobacter heintzii; nitrilotriacetic acid; plutonium; radiotoxicity AB The radiotoxicity of plutonium in NTA-degrading Chelatobacter heintzii cell suspensions was investigated as part of a more general study to establish the key interactions between actinide-organic complexes and microorganisms in the subsurface. The radiation tolerance of C. heintzii, based on Co-60 gamma irradiation experiments, was 165 +/- 30 Gy. No bacteria survived irradiation doses greater than 500 Gy. In the presence of plutonium, where alpha particle decay was the primary source of ionizing radiation, the observed toxicity was predominantly radiolytic rather than chemical. This was evident by the greater effect of activity, rather than concentration, on the toxicity noted. Bioassociation of plutonium with C. heintzii was postulated to be an important and necessary step in the observed loss of cell viability since this was the best way to account for the observed death rate. The radiotoxicity of plutonium towards bacteria is a potentially important consideration in the bioremediation of sites contaminated with radionuclide-organic mixtures and the bioprocessing of nuclear waste. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Reed, DT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PY 1999 VL 10 IS 4 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1023/A:1008317709183 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 273ZQ UT WOS:000084739600003 PM 10633541 ER PT J AU Wilson, BW Matt, KS Morris, JE Sasser, LB Miller, DL Anderson, LE AF Wilson, BW Matt, KS Morris, JE Sasser, LB Miller, DL Anderson, LE TI Effects of 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on the pineal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE hypothalamus; melatonin; norepinephrine; prolactin; gonads; acute exposure; repeated exposure ID DJUNGARIAN HAMSTER; ELECTRIC-POWER; BREAST-CANCER; MELATONIN; GLAND; PHOTOPERIOD; PROLACTIN; RHYTHMS; 50-HZ; RATS AB Experiments using the dwarf Siberian hamster Phodopus sungorus were carried out to determine possible neuroendocrine consequences of one-time and repeated exposures to 60 Hz magnetic fields (MF). Animals were maintained in either a short-light (SL, 8 h light:16 h dark) or long-light (LL, 16 h light:8 h dark) photoperiod. Acute tone-time, 15 min) exposure of male SL animals to a linearly polarized, horizontally oriented, 60 Hz MF (0.1 mT) gave rise to a statistically significant (P < .005) reduction in pineal melatonin content as determined 3 and 5 h after onset of darkness. In LL animals, acute exposure to 0.10 mT resulted in a significant decrease in pineal melatonin as measured 4 h after onset of darkness, whereas acute exposure to 50 mu T showed no effect compared with sham exposure. In SL animals, an increase in norepinephrine was observed in the medial basal hypothalamus (including the suprachiasmatic nucleus) after acute exposure (P < .01). Daily MF exposure of SL animals to a combination of steady-state and on/off 60 Hz magnetic fields (intermittent exposure) at 0.1 mT for 1 h per day for 16 days was associated with a reduction in melatonin concentrations at 4 h after onset of darkness and an increase in blood prolactin concentrations (P < .05). Exposure of SL animals to a steady state 60 Hz MF for 3 h/day for 42 days resulted in a statistically significant reduction in body weight (ANOVA: P > .05), compared with sham-exposed SL animals. At 42 days, however, no significant changes in overnight melatonin or prolactin levels were detected. In both repeated exposure experiments, gonadal weights were lowest in the MF-exposed groups. This difference was statistically significant (P (.05) after 42 days of exposure. These data indicate that both one-time and repeated exposure to a 0.1 mT, 60 Hz MF can give rise to neuroendocrine responses in Phodopus. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Wilson, BW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bw_wilson@pnl.gov NR 34 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 224 EP 232 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 187FC UT WOS:000079775400003 PM 10230936 ER PT J AU Gailey, PC AF Gailey, PC TI Membrane potential and time requirements for detection of weak signals by voltage-gated ion channels SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium RF Dosimetry - 25 Years of Progress CY OCT 20-21, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP USAF Armstrong Lab DE electric field; electroreception; noise; signal-to-noise; theoretical limits ID STOCHASTIC RESONANCE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PERCEPTION; SYSTEMS; LEVEL; CELLS; NOISE AB The question of minimum detection limits for biological processes sensitive to membrane potential perturbations has arisen in various contexts. Of special interest an: the prediction of theoretical limits for sensory perception processes and for possible biological effects of environmental or therapeutic electric and magnetic fields. la new method is presented here, addressing the particular case in which perturbations of membrane potential affect the gating rare probability of voltage-sensitive ion channels. Using a two-state model for channel gating, the influence: of the perturbing potential on the mean fraction of open channels is approximated by a Boltzmann distribution, and integrated over time to obtain a quantity proportional to the net change in expected charge transfer through the membrane. This change in net charge transfer (the signal, S) is compared to the expected root mean variance in charge transfer (the noise, N) due to random channel gating. Using a nominal criterion of S/N = 1, a model is developed for predicting the minimum time and number of ion channels necessary to detect a given membrane potential. Example calculations, carried out for a gating charge of 6, indicate that a 1 mu V induced membrane potential can be detected after 10 ms by an ensemble of less than 10(8) ion channels. Bioelectromagnetics 20:102-109, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc dagger. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gailey, PC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6070, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pg7@ORNL.GOV NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1999 SU 4 BP 102 EP 109 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 183QB UT WOS:000079564000012 ER PT J AU Flemming, CA Palmer, RJ Arrage, AA Van der Mei, HC White, DC AF Flemming, CA Palmer, RJ Arrage, AA Van der Mei, HC White, DC TI Cell surface physico chemistry alters biofilm development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide mutants SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE hydrophobicity; biofilms; zeta potential; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; attachment; lipopolysaccharides ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; BAND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; BACTERIAL ADHESION; LAMINAR-FLOW; A-BAND; HYDROPHOBICITY; FLUORESCENS; STRAINS; MICROORGANISMS; ATTACHMENT AB The hydrophobic and electrostatic characteristics of bacterial cell surfaces were compared with attachment proclivity and biomass accumulation over time between wildtype Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O6 (possesses A and B band LPS), and three LPS-deficient mutants, vi;. A28 (A(+)B(-)), R5 (A(+)B(-)), and Gt700 (A(-)B(-)). The hydrophobic character of each serotype was determined by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and salt-aggregation, and strains were ranked similarly by each method, viz. R5 greater than or equal to A28 > Gt700 > O6. The anionic characteristics of cell-surfaces were determined by electrostatic interaction chromatography and by zeta-potential measurements, and ranked R5 > A28 greater than or equal to Gt700 > O6. Adhesion and biofilm accumulation on stainless steel were significantly different between strains, following the order R5 > A28 much greater than O6 > Gt700. Biofilm rankings were similar on glass, a second hydrophilic substratum. The mutant strains with a strongly hydrophobic character (R5 and A28) demonstrated a significantly greater capacity to form biofilms. These adherent mutants also appeared to have a more anionic cell surface, which may have played a role in biofilm formation on the hydrophilic substrata. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Groningen, Mat Tech Lab, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 213 EP 231 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 214RC UT WOS:000081340500003 ER PT B AU Mattigod, SV Rai, D Amonette, JE AF Mattigod, SV Rai, D Amonette, JE BE Sajwan, KS Alva, AK Keefer, RF TI Concentrations and distribution of major and selected trace elements in size-density fractionated fly ashes SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN COAL AND COAL COMBUSTION BYPRODUCTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL UNIV CALIF, BERKELEY, CA HO UNIV CALIF ID FUEL COMBUSTION RESIDUES; INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS; IDENTIFICATION; MOBILIZATION; SEPARATION; PARTICLES AB The effectiveness of separation methods based on differences ill size and density for isolating and concentrating trace-metal-enriched solid phases was investigated in four fly ashes. Size fractionation of fly ashes showed that about 80-90% by mass of the particles were <45 mu m in size. Also, 50-60% of the mass of fly ash particles occurred in the 2.3-to 2.9-g cm(-3) density range and consisted mainly of mullite, quartz, and glass. About 16-30% of the mass of particles had densities >2.9 g cm(-3). The magnetic particles in this mass consisted mainly of spinels and hematite with the morphology of pyrite framboids. Concentrations of Ca, Ba, Sr, and P were enhanced in the >2.9-g cm(-3) density fractions. Concentrations of trace elements As, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn increased with decreasing particle size. The highest concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and V were found in the >2.9-gcm(-3) portion of the magnetic fractions. The Cr, Ni, and V in these fractions seemed to be associated with spinel. The mass distribution of trace elements observed is apparently due to their volatilization-condensation during coal combustion. Calculations showed that 20-50% of the mass of As, Mo, Pb, Se, V, and Zn and 6-30% of the mass of Cr, Cu, and Ni may be present in surface layers. The trace elemental mass in these surface layers may constitute the readily mobilizable fraction of these trace elements in bulk ash. The nature of the solid phases of the trace elements in these fly ashes (except for Cr, Ni, and V in spinel) could not be determined directly. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mattigod, SV (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46288-5 PY 1999 BP 115 EP 131 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BQ66Z UT WOS:000089140600007 ER PT B AU Ishak, CF Seaman, JC Sumner, ME Miller, WP AF Ishak, CF Seaman, JC Sumner, ME Miller, WP BE Sajwan, KS Alva, AK Keefer, RF TI Contaminant mobility in soil columns amended with fly ash and flue gas desulfurization gypsum SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN COAL AND COAL COMBUSTION BYPRODUCTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements CY JUN 23-27, 1997 CL UNIV CALIF, BERKELEY, CA HO UNIV CALIF ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; COAL; AMENDMENT; DISPOSAL; GROWTH AB The mobility of contaminants such as boron (B) and arsenic (As) present in coal combustion by-products, such as fly ash (FA) and flue-gas desulfurization gypsum (FDG), may limit the use of these materials as soil amendments. Column studies were conducted to determine the sorption and leaching characteristics of soluble constituents from an alkaline FA and 1:1 mixtures of FA + FDG that were surface applied to highly weathered, coarse-textured soils. Preliminary batch sorption studies indicated that As, as either As(III) or As(V), was sorbed to a greater degree than B. Both elements were sorbed to a greater degree by the filler-textured B, horizon materials, presumably due to the higher Fe oxide and clay content. In column studies, FA or combinations of FA + FDG were surface applied at rates of 10 and 20 Mgha(-1) to 10cm diameter, 30cm deep intact soil columns. Column leachates totaling 8 L (approximate to 11 pore volumes) were monitored for levels of B, As, Ca, Mg, It and Na. Following leaching, columns were sectioned at jan intervals and the pH and EC of the soil, as well as the vertical distribution of As and B, were determined. Effluent B levels for the treated soils were greater than those of the control column, but remained below phytotoxic levels. Boron was readily mobile from the soil columns, a majority of which leached from the columns within the first 3 liters, suggesting that B toxicities observed in greenhouse pot studies may be less likely under field conditions with sufficient drainage. Column effluents for combined treatments (FA + FDG) were much higher in B, indicative of sulfate (SO42-) competition for sorption sites. The As levels present ill the leachates from Fh and FDG columns were generally low (<10 mu g L-1) when compared to the control column and roughly correlated with effluent turbidity. Combined treatments (FA + FDG) enhanced Mg and K leaching due to the added competition of Ca for cation exchange sites. Levels of residual As were only slightly higher ill the FA-amended columns, but no clear trend in residual B was observed due to its mobility. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Seaman, JC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46288-5 PY 1999 BP 247 EP 258 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental SC Engineering GA BQ66Z UT WOS:000089140600015 ER PT B AU Bruhn, DF Thompson, DN Noah, KS AF Bruhn, DF Thompson, DN Noah, KS BE Amils, R Ballester, A TI Microbial ecology assessment of a mixed copper oxide/sulfide dump leach operation SO BIOHYDROMETALLURGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT TOWARD THE MINING OF THE 21ST CENTURY, PT A 1999 SE PROCESS METALLURGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Biohydrometallurgy (IBS 99) CY JUN 20-23, 1999 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP Univ Complutense Madrid, Univ Autonoma Madrid AB Microbial consortia composed of complex mixtures of autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria are responsible for the dissolution of metals from sulfide minerals. Thus, an efficient copper bioleaching operation depends on the microbial ecology of the system. A microbial ecology study of a mixed oxide/sulfide copper leaching operation was conducted using an "overlay" plating technique to differentiate and identify various bacterial consortium members of the genera Thiobacillus, "Leptospirillum": "Ferromicrobium", and Acidiphilium. Two temperatures (30 degrees C and 45 degrees C) were used to select for mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria. Cell numbers varied from 0-10(6) cells/g dry ore, depending on the sample location and depth. After acid curing for oxide leaching, no viable bacteria were recovered, although inoculation of cells from raffinate re-established a microbial population after three months. Due to low the pH of the operation, very few non-iron-oxidizing acidophilic heterotrophs were recovered. Moderate thermophiles were isolated from the ore samples. Pregnant liquor solutions (PLS) and raffinate both contained a diversity of bacteria. In addition, an intermittently applied waste stream that contained high levels of arsenic and fluoride was tested for toxicity. Twenty vol% waste stream in PLS killed 100% of the cells in 48 hours, indicating substantial toxicity and/or growth inhibition. The data indicate that bacteria populations can recover after acid curing, and that application of the waste stream to the dump should be avoided. Monitoring the microbial ecology of the leaching operation provided significant information that improved copper recovery. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Bruhn, DF (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50193-2 J9 PROCESS MET PY 1999 VL 9 BP 799 EP 808 PN A PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microbiology GA BP80M UT WOS:000086222900081 ER PT J AU Crawford, OH AF Crawford, OH TI A fast, stochastic threading algorithm for proteins SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; FOLD RECOGNITION; SIMILARITIES; CHAINS; SEARCH AB Motivation: Sequences for new proteins are being determined at a rapid rate, as a result of the Human Genome Project, and related genome research. The ability to predict the three-dimensional structure of proteins from sequence alone would be useful in discovering and understanding their function. Threading, or fold recognition, aims to predict the tertiary structure of a protein by aligning its amino acid sequence with a large number of structures, and finding the best fit. This approach depends on obtaining good performance from both the scoring function, which simulates the free energy for given trial alignments, and the threading algorithm, which searches for the lowest-score alignment. It appears that current scoring functions and threading algorithms need improvement. Results:This paper presents a new threading algorithm. Numerical tests demonstrate that it is more powerful than two popular approximate algorithms, and much faster than exact methods. Contact: crawfordoh@ornl.gov C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Crawford, OH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JAN PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/15.1.66 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 175JP UT WOS:000079090200007 PM 10068693 ER PT B AU Stevens, RG Anderson, LE AF Stevens, RG Anderson, LE BE Holick, MF Jung, EG TI Role of light in breast cancer SO BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF LIGHT 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Arnold Rikli Symposium on the Biologic Effects of Light CY NOV 01-03, 1998 CL BASEL, SWITZERLAND ID ELECTRIC-POWER; MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS; MELATONIN INHIBITION; VARYING PHOTOPERIODS; RATS; HYPOTHESIS; RISK; PINEALECTOMY; SECRETION; GLAND C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stevens, RG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-8550-0 PY 1999 BP 351 EP 357 PG 7 WC Biology; Dermatology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Dermatology; Physiology GA BP14K UT WOS:000084221800057 ER PT S AU Pomes, R AF Pomes, R BE Frauenfelder, H Hummer, G Garcia, R TI Molecular mechanism of biological proton transport SO BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Biological Physics CY SEP 20-24, 1998 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; WATER-MOLECULES; H+ TRANSLOCATION; CHAIN; GRAMICIDIN; DYNAMICS; ENERGY; WIRE; PERTURBATION; CHANNEL AB Proton transport across lipid membranes is a fundamental aspect of biological energy transduction (metabolism). This function is believed to be mediated by a Grotthuss mechanism involving proton hopping along hydrogen-bonded networks embedded in membrane-spanning proteins. Using molecular simulations, we have explored the structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties giving rise to long-range proton translocation in hydrogen-bonded networks involving water molecules, or 'water wires,' which are emerging as ubiquitous Hf-transport devices in biological systems. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pomes, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-874-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 487 BP 194 EP 200 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Biophysics; Physics GA BN92E UT WOS:000083487600017 ER PT J AU Chrispeels, MJ Holuigue, L Latorre, R Luan, S Orellana, A Pena-Cortes, H Raikhel, NV Ronald, PC Trewavas, A AF Chrispeels, MJ Holuigue, L Latorre, R Luan, S Orellana, A Pena-Cortes, H Raikhel, NV Ronald, PC Trewavas, A TI Signal transduction networks and the biology of plant cells SO BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR-II; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; JASMONIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE; SALICYLIC-ACID; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; TOMATO PLANTS AB The development of plant transformation in the mid-1980s and of many new tools for cell biology, molecular genetics, and biochemistry has resulted in enormous progress in plant biology in the past decade. With the completion of the genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana just around the corner, we can expect even faster progress in the next decade. The interface between cell biology and signal transduction is emerging as: a new and important field of research. In the past we thought of cell biology strictly in terms of organelles and their biogenesis and function. and researchers focused on questions such as, how do proteins enter chloroplasts? or. what is the structure of the macromolecules of the cell wall and how are these molecules secreted? Signal transduction dealt primarily with the perception of light (photomorphogenesis) or hormones and with the eff;;ct such signals have on enhancing the activity of specific genes. Now we see that the fields of cell biology and signal transduction are merging because signals pass between organelles and a single signal transduction pathway usually involves multiple organelles or cellular structures. Here are some examples to illustrate this new paradigm. How does abscisic acid (ABA) regulate stomatal closure? This pathway involves not only ABA receptors whose location is not yet known. but cation and anion channels in the plasma membrane, changes in the cytoskeleton, movement of water through water channels in the tonoplast and the plasma membrane, proteins with a farnesyl tail that can be located tither in the cytosol or attached to a membrane, and probably unidentified ion channels in the tonoplast. In addition there are highly localized calcium oscillations in the cytoplasm resulting from the release of calcium stored in various compartments. The activities of all these cellular structures need to be coordinated during ABA-induced stomatal closure. For another example of the interplay between the proteins of signal transduction pathways and cytoplasmic structures, consider how plants mount defense responses against pathogens. Elicitors produced by pathogens bind to receptors on the plant plasma membrane or in the cytosol and eventually activate a large number of genes. This results in the coordination of activities at the plasma membrane (production of reactive oxygen species), in the cytoskeleton. localized calcium oscillations, and the modulation of protein kinases and protein phosphatases whose locations remain to be determined. The movement of transcription factors into the nucleus to activate the defense genes requires their release from cytosolic anchors and passage through the nuclear pore complexes of the nuclear envelope. This review does not cover all the recent progress in plant signal transduction and cell biology; it is confined to the topics that were discussed at a recent (November 1998) workshop held in Santiago at which lecturers from Chile, the USA and the UK presented recent results from their laboratories. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Catholic Univ Chile, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Santiago, Chile. Univ Chile, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Santiago, Chile. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Santiago Chile, Fac Chem & Biol, Dept Biol, Santiago, Chile. Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Chrispeels, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Pena-Cortes, Hugo/A-2758-2012; Orellana, Ariel/E-2166-2014 OI Orellana, Ariel/0000-0002-9243-808X NR 98 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOCIEDAD BIOLGIA CHILE PI SANTIAGO PA CASILLA 16164, SANTIAGO 9, CHILE SN 0716-9760 J9 BIOL RES JI Biol. Res. PY 1999 VL 32 IS 1 BP 35 EP 60 PG 26 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 230YQ UT WOS:000082279600008 PM 10530340 ER PT J AU Balhorn, R Brewer, L Corzett, M Cosman, J AF Balhorn, R Brewer, L Corzett, M Cosman, J TI Protamine-mediated condensation of DNA and the subunit structure of sperm chromatin. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1999 VL 60 SU 1 MA M34 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 211CA UT WOS:000081141300047 ER PT B AU Walsh, ME Ince, PJ Ugarte, DD Adams, D Alig, R Mills, J Spelter, H Skog, K Slinksy, SP Ray, DE Graham, RL AF Walsh, ME Ince, PJ Ugarte, DD Adams, D Alig, R Mills, J Spelter, H Skog, K Slinksy, SP Ray, DE Graham, RL BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Potential of short rotation wood crops as a fiber and energy source in the US SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB The use of short rotation wood crops (SRWC) as dedicated energy sources is constrained by their high price. An alternative approach is to produce co-products from SRWC, including higher-value fibers (i.e., paper and pulp, veneers, engineered wood products, etc.) and lower-value energy. The U.S. Departments of Energy and Agriculture are working together to explore the economic potential of this approach. An agricultural sector model (POLYSYS) has been modified to include switchgrass, hybrid poplar, and willow, and it is currently being used to evaluate the price, quantity, and location of energy crop production and the potential effects (prices, quantities, and net returns) of large scale energy crop production on traditional crops. This modeling is being extended to evaluate the economic competitiveness of using SRWC for fiber and energy by linking the modified POLYSYS model with U.S. Forest Service models (NAPAP-paper and pulp; TAMM/ATLAS--lumber supply and wood panels market). The linked models will estimate the potential SRWC fiber demand, SRWC supply, equilibrium SRWC fiber quantities and prices, and selected effects on traditional forest management activities. Additionally, SRWC residue quantities potentially available for energy use will be estimated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Agr Policy Anal Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Walsh, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500010 ER PT B AU Tolbert, VR Joslin, JD Thornton, FC Bock, BR Pettry, DE Bandaranayake, W Tyler, D Houston, A Schoenholtz, S AF Tolbert, VR Joslin, JD Thornton, FC Bock, BR Pettry, DE Bandaranayake, W Tyler, D Houston, A Schoenholtz, S BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Biomass crop production: Benefits for soil quality and carbon sequestration SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES AB Research at three locations in the southeastern U.S. is quantifying changes in soil quality and soil carbon storage that occur during production of biomass crops compared with row crops. After three growing seasons, soil quality improved and soil carbon storage increased on plots planted to cottonwood, sycamore, sweetgum with a cover crop, switchgrass, and no-till corn. For tree crops, sequestered belowground carbon was found mainly in stumps and large roots. At the Tennessee site, the coarse woody organic matter storage below ground was 1.3 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1), of which 79% was stumps and large roots and 21% fine roots. Switchgrass at the Alabama site also stored considerable carbon belowground as coarse roots, Most of this carbon storage occurred mainly in the upper 30 cm, although coarse roots were found to depths of greater than 60 cm. Biomass crops contributed to improvements in soil physical quality as well as increasing belowground carbon sequestration. The distribution and extent of carbon sequestration depends on the growth characteristics and age of the individual biomass crop species. Time and increasing crop maturity will determine the potential of these biomass crops to significantly contribute to the overall national goal of increasing carbon sequestration and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tolbert, VR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500020 ER PT B AU Mann, MK Spath, PL AF Mann, MK Spath, PL BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI The net CO2 emissions and energy balances of biomass and coal-fired power systems SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB To determine the environmental implications of producing electricity from biomass and coal, life cycle assessments (LCA) were conducted on systems based on three power generation options: 1) a biomass-fired integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system, 2) three coal-fired power plant technologies, and 3) a system cofiring waste biomass with coal. Each assessment was conducted in a cradle-to-grave manner to cover all processes necessary for the operation of the power plant, including raw material extraction, feed preparation, transportation, and waste disposal and recycling. Each study was conducted independently and can therefore stand alone. However, the resulting emissions, resource consumption, and energy requirements of each system can ultimately be compared. Although the studies quantified resources consumed, as well as several air, water, and solid waste emissions, this paper will pay particular attention to net CO2 emissions and energy balances. The biomass IGCC system emits only 4.5% of the CO2 produced by the average coal power system. This low amount is due to the absorption of CO2 from the power plant by the growing biomass. Cofiring residue biomass at 5% and 15% by heat input reduces greenhouse gas emissions on a CO2-equivalent basis from the average coal system by 6.7% and 22.4%, respectively, per unit of electricity produced. The life cycle energy balance of the coal systems is significantly lower than the biomass system because of the consumption of a non-renewable resource. Not counting the coal consumed by these systems, the net energy produced is still lower than that from the biomass system because of energy used in processes related to flue gas clean-up. Cofiring biomass reduces the energy consumed by the total system by 6.4% and 19.9% for the 5% and 15% cofiring cases, respectively. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mann, MK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 379 EP 385 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500058 ER PT B AU Marano, JJ Rogers, S AF Marano, JJ Rogers, S BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Carbon credits - How to measure them for the petroleum refining industry SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm C1 Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 427 EP 427 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500066 ER PT B AU Rocha, JD Kelley, SS Chum, HL AF Rocha, JD Kelley, SS Chum, HL BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Application of the slow pyrolysis eucalyptus oil to make PF resins SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB A crude bio-oil produced during the slow pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood was used to partly replace the petroleum-derived phenol used for preparation of phenol formaldehyde wood resins. Large quantities of this bio-oil are currently produced by the Brazilian charcoal industry and are available as a low-cost feedstock. In the local market this bio-oil is priced at US $200 per ton while phenol is priced in the range of US $750 to 900 per ton. A series of bio-oil modified phenol formaldehyde resins were prepared using different resin formulations. The levels of phenol replacement (25, 50 and 75%), the formaldehyde to phenol ratio, (F/P = 1.0 and 1.2) and the base to phenol ratio (N/P = 0.3 to 0.5) were all studied. The resins were prepared using a standard temperature profile and cooked to a target viscosity. Small wood composites were used to test the curing and performance properties of these resins before and after accelerated aging. Both the bond strength and the wood failure values were measured. These results indicate that phenol formaldehyde resins containing up to 50% eucalyptus bio-oil can be used to prepare resins with commercially attractive properties. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rocha, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 513 EP 519 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500080 ER PT B AU Kadam, KL Wooley, RJ Ferraro, FM Voiles, RE Ruocco, JJ Varani, FT Putsche, VL AF Kadam, KL Wooley, RJ Ferraro, FM Voiles, RE Ruocco, JJ Varani, FT Putsche, VL BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Wastewater treatment for a biomass-to-ethanol process: System design and cost estimates SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB A wastewater treatment (WWT) system was designed for an enzyme-based process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to fuel ethanol. The bioethanol process included the following basic unit operations: biomass pretreatment, hydrolyzate conditioning, fermentation, cellulase production, product recovery, and energy recovery. Anaerobic digestion followed by aerobic treatment was selected as the best WWT strategy, and centrifugation and evaporation of the stillage was employed to minimize wastewater and optimize water recycling. For a 2000 dry tons/day biomass-to-ethanol plant, the capital cost estimate for a WWT system is about $10.4 million. The impact of capital costs and the associated operating expenses of the WWT system corresponds to 2.35c/L of ethanol or 6.6% of the total ethanol cost. The WWT strategy and cost estimates developed can be generally applicable to similar bioethanol plants. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kadam, KL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 699 EP 705 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500108 ER PT B AU Czernik, S French, R Feik, C Chornet, E AF Czernik, S French, R Feik, C Chornet, E BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Fluidized bed catalytic steam reforming of pyrolysis oil for production of hydrogen SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm ID BIOMASS AB Biomass can be an attractive alternative to fossil feedstocks for the production of hydrogen because of essentially zero net CO2, impact. The concept proposed in this work combines fast pyrolysis of biomass and catalytic steam reforming of the pyrolysis oil or its fractions. This two-step approach has several advantages over the traditional gasification/water-gas shift technology. The most important is the potential for recovery of higher value co-products from bio-oil that could significantly improve the economics of the entire process. Steam reforming using commercial nickel-based catalysts can efficiently convert volatile oil components to hydrogen and carbon oxides. However, the non-volatile compounds such as sugars and lignin-derived oligomers tend to decompose thermally and to form carbonaceous deposits on the catalyst surface and in the reactor freeboard. To reduce this undesirable effect we employed a fluidized bed reformer configuration with fine mist feed injection to the catalyst bed. The hydrogen yields obtained from carbohydrate-derived bio-oil fraction exceeded 80% of that possible by stoichiometric conversion. Though 90% of the feed carbon was converted to CO2 and CO, carbonaceous deposits were formed on the catalyst surface, which resulted in the gradual loss of its activity. The catalyst was easily regenerated by steam or carbon dioxide gasification of the deposits. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Czernik, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 827 EP 832 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500126 ER PT B AU Glassner, D AF Glassner, D BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Status of biomass conversion to ethanol and opportunities for future cost improvements SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Glassner, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 873 EP 873 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500132 ER PT B AU Yancey, MA Hinman, ND Sheehan, JJ Tiangco, VM AF Yancey, MA Hinman, ND Sheehan, JJ Tiangco, VM BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Collins Pine/BCI biomass to ethanol project SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB California has abundant biomass resources and a growing transportation fuels market. These two facts have helped to create an opportunity for biomass to ethanol projects within the state. One such project under development is the Collins Pine/BCI Project. Collins Pine Company and BC international (BCI) have teamed up to develop a forest biomass to ethanol facility to be co-located with Collins Pine's 12 MW, biomass-fueled electric generator in Chester, California. The Collins Pine Company (headquartered in Portland, Oregon) is an environmentally progressive lumber company that has owned and operated timberlands near Chester, California since the turn of the century. Collins manages 100,000 acres of timberland in the immediate area of the project. BCI (Dedham, Massachusetts) holds an exclusive license to a new, patented biotechnological process to convert lignocellulosic materials into ethanol and other specialty chemicals with significant cost savings and environmental benefits. The project has received a California Energy Commission PIER program award to continue the developmental work done in the Quincy Library Group's Northeastern California Ethanol Manufacturing Feasibility Study (November 1997). This paper provides (1) a brief overview of the biomass and transportation fuels market in California: (2) the current status of the Collins Pine/BCI biomass ethanol project; and (3) future prospects and hurdles for the project to overcome. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yancey, MA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 875 EP 880 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500133 ER PT B AU Gao, J Hooker, BS Skeen, RS Anderson, DB AF Gao, J Hooker, BS Skeen, RS Anderson, DB BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Transgenic fungal-based conversion of waste starch to industrial enzymes SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm ID SCHWANNIOMYCES-CASTELLII; FERMENTATION AB The production of a bacterial enzyme, beta-glucuronidase (GUS), was investigated using a genetically modified starch-degrading Saccharomyces strain in suspension cultures of various waste starch sources. A shuttle plasmid expression vector was constructed using a yeast episomal plasmid, The glucuronidase (gus) gene was placed under the control of an inducible promoter, GAL1, and terminated by a transcription terminator, T-cycl. Different sources of starches including corn and waste potato starch were used for yeast biomass accumulation and glucuronidase expression studies. In addition, a thermostable bacterial cellulase, Acidothermus cellulolyticus El endoglucanase was cloned into the plasmid expression vector and expressed in the starch-degrading Saccharomyces strain. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Bioproc Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Bioproc Grp, Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K2-10, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 895 EP 901 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500136 ER PT B AU Czernik, S Maggi, R Peacocke, GVC AF Czernik, S Maggi, R Peacocke, GVC BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI A review of physical and chemical methods of upgrading biomass-derived fast pyrolysis liquids SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB Biomass pyrolysis liquids are rapidly being accepted as a renewable energy carrier and their integration into existing fuel and power generation systems is making progress. It is well established that pyrolysis liquids are chemically unstable and this affects their physical properties, which typically need to meet the fuel specifications for boiler injectors, engines and turbines. Improvement of the principal physical and chemical characteristics is often referred to as "upgrading"-the focus of this review. There are various methods to stabilize the liquids, so that viscosity increases are reduced and the oil is made more acceptable for combustion. Physical methods include char removal in the gas phase by cyclones and hot vapor filtration, liquids filtration and solvent addition. Chemical methods include reactive solvent addition, addition of oxidants and stabilizers and catalytic upgrading of the pyrolysis vapors and the raw pyrolysis liquids. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Czernik, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 1235 EP 1240 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500186 ER PT B AU Baxter, L Robinson, A AF Baxter, L Robinson, A BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Cofiring biomass with coal SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB Cofiring biomass with coal in coal-fired boilers represents a near-term, low-risk, low-cost option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing renewable energy generation, and increasing sustainability of energy supplies from power production. Economically, cofiring competes favorably with other renewable options. This document focuses on four of the critical fireside issues associated with cofiring: ash deposition, NOx production, corrosion, and carbon burnout. Biomass ash deposition rates and NOx emissions can either exceed or be less than those of coal, depending on the type of biomass used. SOx emissions are nearly always reduced when biomass is cofired with coal. The potential for chlorine-based, high-temperature corrosion is lower for a biomass-coal blend than for pure biomass fuels in most cases, but it may not always be negligible. Biomass particles much larger than coal particles can be consumed in a pc boiler, but at sizes of 1/8 inch or larger there is increased chance of incomplete combustion. Substantial carbon-in-flyash problems are not anticipated until initial particle sizes exceed 1/4 inch, Specific guidelines are suggested in each area in terms of expected behavior and best-practice operation. Prudent choices of fuels, boiler design, and boiler operation should lead to little or no fireside problems during cofiring. Less prudent choices can lead to significant boiler damage and operational costs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baxter, L (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 1277 EP 1284 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500193 ER PT B AU Wiser, R Porter, K Fang, J AF Wiser, R Porter, K Fang, J BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Green power marketing in retail competition: An early assessment SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB With retail competition being introduced throughout the United States, green power marketing offers the promise of customer-driven markets for renewable energy. This paper summarizes early experience with green marketing under full retail competition. We conclude that (1) niche markets exist today among residential and nonresidential consumers for green power; (2) green demand may ultimately offer an important strategic market for renewable technologies, but the market is currently rather small and the long-term prospects remain uncertain; (3) the success of green markets will depend critically on the regulatory rules established at the onset of restructuring; and (4) the biomass industry will be forced to better communicate the environmental benefits of its technology in order to play a strong role within the green market. This paper is based on a more detailed NREL Topical Issues Brief, which is available on the Internet at http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/emaa/.*. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wiser, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 1547 EP 1553 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500237 ER PT B AU Freeman, MC Goldberg, PM Plasynski, SI Costello, R AF Freeman, MC Goldberg, PM Plasynski, SI Costello, R BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI DOE activities to support opportunities and benefits of biomass cofiring in coal-fired utility and industrial boilers SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 1577 EP 1578 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500245 ER PT B AU Wright, L Cushman, J Sprague, S Kaminsky, J AF Wright, L Cushman, J Sprague, S Kaminsky, J BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Biomass feedstocks: Integration of research and development for multiple products and multiple sponsors SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB During the past 20 years, the drivers for developing new perennial biomass crops have included energy security, environmental quality benefits, rural economic development, new fiber supplies, and greenhouse gas reductions. Sponsors and stakeholders in biomass crop research have been equally diverse. Until recently, all have had similar, long-term feedstock research needs. This has meant that the Department of Energy's Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program (BFDP) could leverage funds to pursue research of long-term value to all sponsors and stakeholders. Biomass energy technologies are now moving into demonstration and commercialization phases and confronting new product-, process-, and location-specific issues. As sponsors and stakeholder face the challenges of technology deployment, the BFDP desires to contribute to related research. These developments are recognized as necessary, even exciting. However, the challenge of maintaining an integrated program of value to all sponsors and stakeholders has become exponentially more difficult, requiring a reconsideration of strategies. This paper summarizes current research and development needs of sponsors, cost-sharing partners, and stakeholders. Strategies for meeting diverse near-term needs and shared long-term needs are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wright, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Program, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 1639 EP 1645 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500257 ER PT B AU Downing, M Langseth, D Lundblad, T Pierce, R Stoffel, R AF Downing, M Langseth, D Lundblad, T Pierce, R Stoffel, R BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Minnesota wood energy scale-up project: A progress report 5 years after establishment SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB Nearly 2000 acres of hybrid poplar have been growing on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land near Alexandria, Minnesota. Many collaborators have cost-shared with landowners on this pre-commercial demonstration project. The economic cost of land preparation, planting, and field maintenance have been collected at the field scale since 1994 (Downing et al., 1995; Downing et al., 1996). There have been many articles written and much information disseminated in popular and international press (Kroll et al., 1995, Downing et al., 1996, and Langseth, et al., 1997). More than 50 field trips have been conducted across landowner fields, and an extensive collection of photographs currently exists. During the next five years of the rotation, several management decisions will be made. Landowners, along with the U.S. Forest Service silviculturists and others will recommend an optimal harvesting time. This decision will be based, in part, on yield and survival data that have been collected since the third year of growth. Landowners will decide to whom to sell their timber, and at what price. Finally, upon harvest, one complete rotation of hybrid poplar will have been produced on privately owned land. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Downing, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 1703 EP 1709 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500268 ER PT B AU Downing, M Pierce, R Stoffel, R AF Downing, M Pierce, R Stoffel, R BE Overend, RP Chornet, E TI Hybrid poplar on conservation reserve program land: Farm producer information and education SO BIOMASS: A GROWTH OPPORTUNITY IN GREEN ENERGY AND VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biomass Conference of the Americas on Growth Opportunity in Green Energy and Value-Added Products CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 1999 CL OAKLAND, CA SP US DOE, Nat Resource Canada, CA Energy Comm AB Planting hybrid poplar on smaller plots of 1 and 10 acres in the north central region of the U.S. took place as early as 1986. The purpose of planting was to understand how selected clones would grow at larger field scales than on fractions of an acre at experimental U.S. Forest Service plots. At the beginning of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in 1986, several people determined that there was an opportunity to grow hybrid poplar as a conservation option. Red pine, white spruce, red oak, and green ash were already being used on CRP and other privately owned land and were determined to be suitable for the lighter sandy soils. In 1987 and 1988, a few public meetings were held. One was coordinated by Northern States Power in Granite Falls, Minnesota. Others were held during the CRP contract sign-up periods to inform interested people about hybrid poplar for CRP land. Notices were sent out to interested forestry agency leaders and many persons participated. Since these early meetings, nearly 2000 acres of hybrid poplar have been planted on CRP land in the Minnesota Wood Energy Scale-up Project near Alexandria, Minnesota. A series of public information meetings, and subsequent farmer-producer discussions involving many local and state agencies, have led to a clearer understanding of opportunities and barriers for marketing hybrid poplar for energy, fiber, and fuels and chemicals. A number of lessons have been documented and learned about production of hybrid poplar. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Downing, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043019-8 PY 1999 BP 1765 EP 1769 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BP17M UT WOS:000084312500277 ER PT J AU Roos, A Graham, RL Hektor, B Rakos, C AF Roos, A Graham, RL Hektor, B Rakos, C TI Critical factors to bioenergy implementation SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergy market; nontechnical barriers; energy policy ID DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT; COMPETITION; ECONOMICS AB Barriers to bioenergy technology implementation have received increased attention in recent years. This paper contributes to the identification and analysis of barriers and drivers behind bioenergy market growth, here labelled "critical factors". It presents a framework for the analysis of both existing and projected bioenergy market potential, using economic concepts and models from transaction cost theory and industrial organization. The framework can be used for assessments of the potential for market growth of different bioenergy systems by decision makers in administration and industry. The following critical factors are identified: Integration with other economic activity, Scale effects on bioenergy markets, Competition in bioenergy markets, Competition with other business, National policy, Local policy and local opinion. The framework is demonstrated with five cases of real bioenergy markets: Pellet residential heating in USA, bioenergy power in USA, pellet residential heating in Sweden, biomass district heating in Sweden, and biomass district heating in Austria. Different applications of the framework are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Management & Prod, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Energieverwertungsagentur EVA, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. RP Roos, A (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Management & Prod, POB 7060, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 29 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(99)00028-8 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 223YK UT WOS:000081869000003 ER PT S AU Dickey, FM Holswade, SC Yee, ML AF Dickey, FM Holswade, SC Yee, ML BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, E Benaron, DA Charles, ST Bucholz, RD Vannier, MW Katzir, A TI Burn depth estimation using thermal excitation and imaging SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE burn diagnostic; thermal imaging ID THERMOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT; INJURY AB Accurate estimation of the depth of partial-thickness burns and the early prediction of a need for surgical intervention are difficult. A non-invasive technique utilizing the difference in thermal relaxation time between burned and normal skin may be useful in this regard. In practice, a thermal camera would record the skin's response to heating or cooling by a small amount-roughly 5 degrees Celsius for a short duration. The thermal stimulus would be provided by a heat lamp, hot or cold air, or other means. Processing of the thermal transients would reveal areas that returned to equilibrium at different rates, which should correspond to different burn depths. In deeper thickness bums, the outside layer of skin is further removed from the constant-temperature region maintained through blood flow. Deeper thickness areas should thus return to equilibrium more slowly than other areas. Since the technique only records changes in the skin's temperature, it is not sensitive to room temperature, the burn's location, or the state of the patient. Preliminary results are presented for analysis of a simulated burn, formed by applying a patch of biosynthetic wound dressing on top of normal skin tissue. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dickey, FM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3065-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3595 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.351533 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery GA BN39N UT WOS:000081783500002 ER PT S AU Mobley, J Kasili, PM Norton, SJ Vo-Dinh, T AF Mobley, J Kasili, PM Norton, SJ Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, E Benaron, DA Charles, ST Bucholz, RD Vannier, MW Katzir, A TI Application of ultrasonic techniques for brain injury diagnosis SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc ID SONOGRAPHY AB In this work, we evaluate methods for detecting brain injury using ultrasound. We have used simulations of ultrasonic fields in the head to model the phase distortion of the skull. In addition we present experimental data from the crania of large animals. The experimental data help us understand and evaluate the performance of different transducers in acquiring the backscatter data from the brain through the skull. Both the simulations and acquired data illustrate the superiority of lower-frequency (<= 1 MHz) ultrasonic fields for transcranial acquisition of signals from inside the brain. Additionally, the experimental work shows that the higher-frequency (5 MHz) ultrasound can also be useful in acquiring clean nearfield data to help detect the position of the inner boundary of the skull. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008 MS 6101, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3065-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3595 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.351520 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery GA BN39N UT WOS:000081783500009 ER PT S AU Mobley, J Kasili, PM Vo-Dinh, T AF Mobley, J Kasili, PM Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, E Benaron, DA Charles, ST Bucholz, RD Vannier, MW Katzir, A TI Photoacoustic measurements in brain tissue SO BIOMEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC, GUIDANCE, AND SURGICAL-ASSIST SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Diagnostic, Guidance, and Surgical-Assist Systems CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc AB In this work, we develop and evaluate the photoacoustic technique for recording spectra of white and gray mammalian brain tissues. In additional to the experimental work, we also discuss the geometric aspects of photoacoustic signal generation using collimated light. Spectra constructed from the peak-to-peak amplitude of the photoacoustic waveforms indicate differences in the two tissue types at wavelengths between 620 and 695 nm. The potential of the technique for non-invasive diagnosis is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6101, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3065-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3595 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1117/12.351534 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics; Surgery GA BN39N UT WOS:000081783500024 ER PT S AU Gomez-Vega, JM Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ AF Gomez-Vega, JM Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ BE Neenan, T Marcolongo, M Valentini, RF TI A multilayer approach to fabricate bioactive glass coatings on Ti alloys SO BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS-DRUG DELIVERY, IMPLANTS AND TISSUE ENGINEERING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biomedical Materials-Drug Delivery, Implants and Tissue Engineering CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID HYDROXYAPATITE COATINGS; IMPLANTS AB Glasses in the system Si-Ca-Na-Mg-P-K-O with thermal expansions coefficients close to that of Ti6Al4V were used to coat the titanium alloy by a simple enameling technique. Firings were done in air at temperatures between 800 and 840 degrees C and times up to I minute. Graded compositions were obtained by firing multilayered glass coatings. Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were mixed with the glass powder and the mixture was placed on the outer surface of the coatings to render them more bioactive. Coatings with excellent adhesion to the substrate and able to form apatite when immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) can be fabricated by this methodology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Restorat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Gomez-Vega, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-456-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 550 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BN11N UT WOS:000080751700051 ER PT S AU Bloyer, DR McNaney, JM Tomsia, AP AF Bloyer, DR McNaney, JM Tomsia, AP BE Neenan, T Marcolongo, M Valentini, RF TI Subcritical crack growth of bioactive glasses in simulated body fluid SO BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS-DRUG DELIVERY, IMPLANTS AND TISSUE ENGINEERING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biomedical Materials-Drug Delivery, Implants and Tissue Engineering CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID STRESS-CORROSION AB A new series of bioactive glasses have been prepared with thermal expansion coefficients that more closely match that of Ti-based implant alloys. It is proposed that these glasses be used as coatings on biological implants that would provide improved fixation between the implant and tissue. As glasses are subject to environmentally assisted crack growth, it is important to develop an understanding of the stress corrosion crack growth (SCCG) behavior of this new family of glasses; furthermore, it is equally important to determine the effect of bioactivity on the SCCG properties of these glasses. This report will present the progress to date in the study of the SCCG properties of these new bioactive glasses. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bloyer, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-456-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 550 BP 355 EP 359 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BN11N UT WOS:000080751700052 ER PT S AU Gao, Y AF Gao, Y BE Neenan, T Marcolongo, M Valentini, RF TI Synthesis and characterization of calcium phosphate coatings by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition SO BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS-DRUG DELIVERY, IMPLANTS AND TISSUE ENGINEERING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biomedical Materials-Drug Delivery, Implants and Tissue Engineering CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID HYDROXYAPATITE COATINGS AB Thin coatings of various calcium phosphates including tricalcium phosphate (TCP), calcium pyrophosphate, and hydroxyapatite were synthesized by plasma-enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Structure, composition, and surface morphology of the coatings were characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. All coatings were very dense and free of cracks. Xray diffraction showed that the as-grown coatings with the Ca/P ratio of 1.5+/-0.5 and 1.0+/-0.5 were crystalline alpha- TCP and pyrophosphate, respectively. However, hydroxyapatite coatings with the Ca/P ratio of similar to 1.67 were amorphous. The crystalline cl-TCP and pyrophosphate coatings exhibited strong growth texture. The textured orientations varied with different growth temperatures. In addition, the microstructure of the a-TCP coatings strongly depended on the growth temperatures. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, Y (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-456-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 550 BP 361 EP 366 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BN11N UT WOS:000080751700053 ER PT J AU Inouye, H Tsuruta, H Sedzik, J Uyemura, K Kirschner, DA AF Inouye, H Tsuruta, H Sedzik, J Uyemura, K Kirschner, DA TI Tetrameric assembly of full-sequence protein zero myelin glycoprotein by synchrotron X-ray scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; DODECYL-SULFATE COMPLEXES; PERIPHERAL-NERVE MYELIN; MEMBRANE INTERACTIONS; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; DETERGENT COMPLEXES; SURFACE-CHARGE; P-0; DIFFRACTION; EQUILIBRIUM AB Highly purified myelin PO glycoprotein was solubilized to 1-8 mg/ml in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the solution structure of the PO assembly was studied using synchrotron x-ray scattering. The full-length PO, which was isolated from bovine intradural roots, included both the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of the molecule. At the higher concentrations (4, 6, and 8 mg/ml, respectively), an x-ray intensity maximum was observed at 376 Angstrom, 245 Angstrom, and 240 Angstrom Bragg spacing. Because the position of this intensity depended on PO concentration, it is most likely due to interparticle interference. By contrast, the position of a second intensity maximum, which was at similar to 40 Angstrom Bragg spacing, was invariant with PO concentration. This latter intensity was accounted for by monodispersed, 80 Angstrom-diameter particles that are composed of eight, similar to 30 Angstrom-diameter spheres. Chemical parameters suggest that the 80 Angstrom particles correspond to the size of a tetramer of PO molecules. Therefore, the similar to 30 Angstrom spheres would correspond to the sizes of the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains for each of the PO monomers. The invariance of the second intensity maximum with PO concentration indicates that the structure of the 80 Angstrom-diameter, tetrameric particles is unaltered. According to the liquid model for interparticle interference from charged spheres, the 80 Angstrom-diameter particle has 10 negative surface charges which likely arise from negatively charged SDS molecules bound to the transmembrane domain of PO. This binding, however, apparently does not alter the tetrameric assembly of PO, suggesting that intermolecular interactions involving extracellular domains and cytoplasmic domains likely stabilize this assembly. Some of our results have been published in abstract form (Inouye, H., H. Tsuruta, D. A. Kirschner, J. Sedzik, and K. Uyemura. Abstracts of the 4th International School and Symposium on Synchrotron Radiation in Natural Science, June 15-20, 1998. Ustron-Jaszowiec, Poland. p. 31). C1 Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Keio Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 160, Japan. RP Inouye, H (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Higgins Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM inouye@amy.bc.edu; kirschnd@bc.edu NR 57 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 423 EP 437 PN 1 PG 15 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 154CJ UT WOS:000077870700037 PM 9876154 ER PT J AU Jones, GM Wofsy, C Aurell, C Sklar, LA AF Jones, GM Wofsy, C Aurell, C Sklar, LA TI Analysis of vertical fluorescence resonance energy transfer from the surface of a small-diameter sphere SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; CONFORMATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; DISTANCE; SYSTEMS; MEMBRANES; DISTRIBUTIONS; PICOSECOND; MECHANISM; PEPTIDE AB Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements have been used to analyze fluorophore separations in a number of varying geometries, including small particles and extended surfaces. This study focuses on the geometry created by a donor extended above the surface of a small sphere (radius < R-0), where the accepters are integrated into the sphere surface. The model of this geometry was based on an amphipathic molecule with its lipophilic region integrated into a detergent micelle and its hydrophilic region extending outward from the micelle surface, where the donor fluorophore is attached to the hydrophilic region of the molecule. Based on random acceptor incorporation into the micelle, a Poisson distribution was used to calculate the distribution of acceptor probes across the micelle population. The model converges to RET on a flat surface when the radius of the micelle exceeds 0.8 R-0. The model was also used to simulate FRET data showing that the positions of donors above the micelle surface could be uniquely resolved. Experimental verification of the model was achieved in a sulfobetaine palmitate micelle with fluorescein isothiocyanate donors attached to detergent-solubilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipophilic Fast-Dir accepters. The use of steady-state analysis allowed resolution of cases in which donors were located at different distances from the surface. Combining steady-state with excited-state lifetime analysis allowed resolution of cases where there was a combination of distances. Given the large number of biomolecules that interact with lipids, this approach may prove generally useful for defining molecular conformation. C1 Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Canc, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sklar, LA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Canc, Dept Pathol, R325,2325 Camino Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM lsklar@salud.unm.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM37696] NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 517 EP 527 PN 1 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 154CJ UT WOS:000077870700048 PM 9876165 ER PT J AU Abresch, EC Yeh, AP Soltis, SM Rees, DC Axelrod, HL Okamura, MY Feher, G AF Abresch, EC Yeh, AP Soltis, SM Rees, DC Axelrod, HL Okamura, MY Feher, G TI Crystal structure of the charge-separated state, D(+)Q(A)(-) in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rb. sphaeroides SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Feher, George/E-3050-2010 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A141 EP A141 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900822 ER PT J AU Agbaria, RA Dingley, K Winter, N Turteltaub, K AF Agbaria, RA Dingley, K Winter, N Turteltaub, K TI Binding characteristics of N-heterocyclic amines to DNA - Fluorescence spectroscopy and laser flash photolysis studies SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A360 EP A360 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902108 ER PT J AU Barsky, D Colvin, ME Kool, ET AF Barsky, D Colvin, ME Kool, ET TI Interaction and solvation energies of nonpolar DNA analogs. DNA polymerase insertion fidelity beyond Watson-Crick pairing. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotech Res Prog, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A263 EP A263 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901539 ER PT J AU Becker, M AF Becker, M TI Preliminary considerations on the possibility of using hard X-rays from a free electron laser to determine structures of membrane proteins in 2-dimensional crystals. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Assoc Univ Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A121 EP A121 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900705 ER PT J AU Berry, EA Huang, LS Zhang, Z Kim, SH AF Berry, EA Huang, LS Zhang, Z Kim, SH TI Functional implications of the X-ray structure of the cytochrome bcl complex SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A19 EP A19 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900108 ER PT J AU Bonneau, R Strauss, CEM Baker, D AF Bonneau, R Strauss, CEM Baker, D TI Cage photolysis initiates protein folding under native conditions. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol Mol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A167 EP A167 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900979 ER PT J AU Butler, J Knowles, DW Waugh, RE Mohandas, N AF Butler, J Knowles, DW Waugh, RE Mohandas, N TI Measurement of erythrocyte membrane bilayer separation forces using fluorescence imaged magnetic tweezers. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A233 EP A233 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901361 ER PT J AU Cheng, N Conway, JF Watts, N Hainfeld, JF Powell, RD Joshi, V Stahl, SJ Wingfield, PT Steven, AC AF Cheng, N Conway, JF Watts, N Hainfeld, JF Powell, RD Joshi, V Stahl, SJ Wingfield, PT Steven, AC TI Mapping sites on the surface of the hepatitis B virus capsid by cryo-electron microscopy with tetra-iridium clusters SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nanoprobes Inc, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A457 EP A457 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902670 ER PT J AU Cho, MR Knowles, DW Smith, BL Agre, P Mohandas, N Golan, DE AF Cho, MR Knowles, DW Smith, BL Agre, P Mohandas, N Golan, DE TI Unique dynamic behavior of the water transport protein aquaporin-1 in the human red cell membrane. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A234 EP A234 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901369 ER PT J AU Dahan, M Deniz, AA Ha, T Grunwell, JR Chemla, DS Schultz, PC Weiss, S AF Dahan, M Deniz, AA Ha, T Grunwell, JR Chemla, DS Schultz, PC Weiss, S TI Ratiometric measurements on single molecules: towards identification of biomolecule conformations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Dahan, Maxime /F-1740-2010; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A168 EP A168 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900985 ER PT J AU Forstner, M Thornton, K Shen, MR West, MG Thelen, M Rupp, B AF Forstner, M Thornton, K Shen, MR West, MG Thelen, M Rupp, B TI Isolation and crystallization of the distal BRCT domain of the human XRCC1 DNA repair protein SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol & Struct Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A326 EP A326 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901906 ER PT J AU Gai, F Thorn-Leeson, D Rodriguez, HM Gregoret, LM Dyer, RB AF Gai, F Thorn-Leeson, D Rodriguez, HM Gregoret, LM Dyer, RB TI Thermal denaturation and fast folding events in E-coli CspA SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A8 EP A8 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900043 ER PT J AU Gallagher, SC Callaghan, A Zhao, J Dalton, H Trewhella, J AF Gallagher, SC Callaghan, A Zhao, J Dalton, H Trewhella, J TI Methane monooxygenase complex formation studied by small angle X-ray scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RI Zhao, Jinkui/B-7872-2013 OI Zhao, Jinkui/0000-0002-7756-1952 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A117 EP A117 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900683 ER PT J AU Garcia, AE Tung, CS Arents, G Moudrianakis, EN AF Garcia, AE Tung, CS Arents, G Moudrianakis, EN TI Structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulation of the nucleosome core particle SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A133 EP A133 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900772 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, S Maleknia, SD Almo, SC Chance, MR Downard, KM AF Goldsmith, S Maleknia, SD Almo, SC Chance, MR Downard, KM TI Synchrotron x-ray footprinting of profilin poly-proline peptide complex SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A172 EP A172 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901008 ER PT J AU Greenbaum, E Lee, J Lee, I AF Greenbaum, E Lee, J Lee, I TI New photosynthetic pathways: Molecular electronics CO2 reduction, and H-2 production SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A20 EP A20 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900113 ER PT J AU Ha, T Ting, AY Liang, J Chemla, DS Schultz, PG Weiss, S AF Ha, T Ting, AY Liang, J Chemla, DS Schultz, PG Weiss, S TI Temporal fluctuations of single molecule energy transfer and dipole orientation as a probe of protein conformational dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkely Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A386 EP A386 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902253 ER PT J AU Harris, SP Gallagher, S Warren, C Greaser, ML Trewhella, J Moss, RL AF Harris, SP Gallagher, S Warren, C Greaser, ML Trewhella, J Moss, RL TI Ca2+-induced structural rearrangements in skeletal muscle myosin subfragments as assessed by small angle X-ray scattering. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Greaser, Marion/C-6147-2012 OI Greaser, Marion/0000-0002-6583-9566 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A50 EP A50 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900293 ER PT J AU Huang, LS Zhang, Z Berry, EA AF Huang, LS Zhang, Z Berry, EA TI Crystallization of complex II of the vertebrate mitochondrial respiratory chain SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A257 EP A257 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901502 ER PT J AU Hung, LW Wang, IX Nikaido, K Liu, PQ Ames, GF Kim, SH AF Hung, LW Wang, IX Nikaido, K Liu, PQ Ames, GF Kim, SH TI Crystal structure of the ATP-binding subunit of an ABC transporter, the histidine permease of Salmonella typhimurium, at 1.5 angstrom resolution SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A201 EP A201 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901176 ER PT J AU Jia, SL Zhang, J Nelson, NY Ma, JG Medforth, CJ Smith, KM Sheluntt, JA AF Jia, SL Zhang, J Nelson, NY Ma, JG Medforth, CJ Smith, KM Sheluntt, JA TI Unusual axial coordination behavior of nonplanar nickel porphyrins as a result of conformational trapping SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, New Mat & Validat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Smith, Kevin/G-1453-2011 OI Smith, Kevin/0000-0002-6736-4779 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A424 EP A424 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902480 ER PT J AU Johnson, CK Sun, H Squier, TC Xie, XS AF Johnson, CK Sun, H Squier, TC Xie, XS TI Single molecule detection of calmodulin and its binding to the plasma membrane calcium ATPase. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Biomol Sci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A282 EP A282 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901649 ER PT J AU Knowles, DW Gimm, JA Butler, J Mohandas, N AF Knowles, DW Gimm, JA Butler, J Mohandas, N TI Opposing lateral forces are recruited by the cell to segregate highly mobile membrane bound proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A390 EP A390 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902278 ER PT J AU Krueger, JK Wang, CLA Trewhella, J AF Krueger, JK Wang, CLA Trewhella, J TI Small-angle scattering experiments reveal that calmodulin remains extended when bound to caldesmon SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Biomed Res Inst, Boston, MA USA. RI Krueger, Joanna/A-3110-2011 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A282 EP A282 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901651 ER PT J AU Kuhn, P AF Kuhn, P TI Analysis of disordered in protein structures as observed by protein crystallographic methods. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A30 EP A30 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900175 ER PT J AU Lacoste, TD Laurence, T Grunwell, JR Glass, J Chemla, DS Schultz, PG Weiss, S AF Lacoste, TD Laurence, T Grunwell, JR Glass, J Chemla, DS Schultz, PG Weiss, S TI Induced conformational dynamics of single DNA hairpin molecules SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A110 EP A110 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900643 ER PT J AU Lee, J Krug, J Tevault, C Collins, R Greenbaum, E AF Lee, J Krug, J Tevault, C Collins, R Greenbaum, E TI Molecular ionic probes: A new class of Hill reagents for photosystem II SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A248 EP A248 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901449 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Lee, JK Chan, N Iwata, S Okada, K Iwata, M Ramaswamy, S Jap, BK AF Lee, JW Lee, JK Chan, N Iwata, S Okada, K Iwata, M Ramaswamy, S Jap, BK TI Complete structures of a bifunctional 11-subunit membrane protein complex, the cytochrome BC1 complex, in three conformations. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Uppsala, Dept Biochem, BMC, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A277 EP A277 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901620 ER PT J AU Lee, KYC Majewski, J Kjaer, K Howes, P Lipp, MM Waring, AJ Zasadzinski, JA AF Lee, KYC Majewski, J Kjaer, K Howes, P Lipp, MM Waring, AJ Zasadzinski, JA TI Incorporation of lung surfactant specific protein SP-B into lipid monolayers at the air-fluid interface: A synchrotron X-ray study SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Solid State Phys, Roskilde, Denmark. MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. King Drew Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A216 EP A216 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901265 ER PT J AU Leuba, SH Zlatanova, J Bash, R Liu, YZ Harrington, RE Lohr, D Lindsay, SM AF Leuba, SH Zlatanova, J Bash, R Liu, YZ Harrington, RE Lohr, D Lindsay, SM TI It takes more than 650 piconewtons to remove DNA from the histone octamer: MAC Mode AFM measurement of the stretching of single chromatin fibers. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, LRBGE, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Zlatanova, Jordanka/B-3273-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A389 EP A389 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902270 ER PT J AU Lu, HP Xun, LY Xie, XS AF Lu, HP Xun, LY Xie, XS TI Single-molecule spectroscopic study of protein conformational and enzymatic dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A136 EP A136 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900791 ER PT J AU Ma, JG Zhang, J Jia, SL Lu, Y Vanderkooi, JM Shelnutt, JA AF Ma, JG Zhang, J Jia, SL Lu, Y Vanderkooi, JM Shelnutt, JA TI The hydrophobic lipid environment of a nickel-reconstituted heme-peptide influences porphyrin distortion SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, New Mat & Validat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A419 EP A419 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902451 ER PT J AU Maleknia, SD Brenowitz, M Chance, MR AF Maleknia, SD Brenowitz, M Chance, MR TI Synchrotron radiolysis studies of peptides & proteins by mass spectrometry SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A172 EP A172 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901006 ER PT J AU Mason, PC Gaulin, BD Epand, RM Wignall, GD Lin, JS AF Mason, PC Gaulin, BD Epand, RM Wignall, GD Lin, JS TI Interfacial morphologies of the phospholipids DPPC and POPE in excess water using small angle neutron scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A139 EP A139 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900807 ER PT J AU McMahon, BH Stjkovic, BP Frauenfelder, H Hay, PJ Martin, RL Garcia, A AF McMahon, BH Stjkovic, BP Frauenfelder, H Hay, PJ Martin, RL Garcia, A TI Density functional theory calculation of barrier to ligand binding in myoglobin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A23 EP A23 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900131 ER PT J AU Moronne, MM Ben Dahan, M Bruchez, M Hamamoto, DJ Weiss, S Alivisatos, AP AF Moronne, MM Ben Dahan, M Bruchez, M Hamamoto, DJ Weiss, S Alivisatos, AP TI Nanocrystal phosphors as biological probes for fluorescence microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bruchez, Marcel/C-2271-2009; Dahan, Maxime /F-1740-2010; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Bruchez, Marcel/0000-0002-7370-4848; weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A450 EP A450 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902631 ER PT J AU Mourant, JR Neumann, A Woodruff, W Diekert, G AF Mourant, JR Neumann, A Woodruff, W Diekert, G TI Spectroscopy of a corrin and iron-sulfur containing dehalogenase SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Stuttgart, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A180 EP A180 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901054 ER PT J AU Parikh, AN Shreve, AP Swanson, BI Jensen, NG AF Parikh, AN Shreve, AP Swanson, BI Jensen, NG TI Examination of mechanisms controlling formation of spatially-modulated phases in membrane-mimetic architectures of amphiphilic molecules. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A434 EP A434 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902541 ER PT J AU Pertsemlidis, A Fondon, JW Henderson, RK Zelinka, J Otwinowski, Z AF Pertsemlidis, A Fondon, JW Henderson, RK Zelinka, J Otwinowski, Z TI Bayesian statistics for analysis of Ramachandran distributions SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Bratislava, Slovakia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A154 EP A154 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900900 ER PT J AU Pomes, R Garcia, AE AF Pomes, R Garcia, AE TI Dynamic fluctuations of intramolecular salt links in cytochrome p-450cam SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp T10, Los Alamos, NM 87501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A387 EP A387 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902262 ER PT J AU Poole, KJV Furch, M Lorenz, M Evans, G Rosenbaum, G Ellison, PA Irving, TC Fischetti, RF Manstein, DJ Holmes, KC AF Poole, KJV Furch, M Lorenz, M Evans, G Rosenbaum, G Ellison, PA Irving, TC Fischetti, RF Manstein, DJ Holmes, KC TI Fibre X-ray diffraction studies on the structure of the actin-bound catalytic domain of myosin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Max Planck Inst Med Forsch, D-69120 Heidelberg 1, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. Argonne Natl Lab, BIOCAT, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A145 EP A145 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900846 ER PT J AU Schoenborn, BP Langan, P AF Schoenborn, BP Langan, P TI Protein membrane fibre crystallography with spallation neutrons SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A392 EP A392 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902293 ER PT J AU Schumaker, MF Pomes, R Roux, B AF Schumaker, MF Pomes, R Roux, B TI A combined molecular dynamics and diffusion model of single-proton conduction through gramicidin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Pure & Appl Math, Pullman, WA USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Montreal, Membrane Transport Res Grp, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A442 EP A442 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902586 ER PT J AU Schweitzer-Stenner, R Lemke, C Dreybrodt, W Quirke, JME Shelnutt, JA AF Schweitzer-Stenner, R Lemke, C Dreybrodt, W Quirke, JME Shelnutt, JA TI Raman Dispersion Spectroscopy probes in-plane and out-of-plane distortions of 5,15-diNO(2)-Ni(II)-octaethylporphyrins in CS2. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Bremen, Inst Expt Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Theory & Computat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87815 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A23 EP A23 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900132 ER PT J AU Shelnutt, JA Ma, JG Zhang, J Franco, R Jia, SL Lu, Y Qiu, Y Moura, I Moura, JJG Kroneck, PMH AF Shelnutt, JA Ma, JG Zhang, J Franco, R Jia, SL Lu, Y Qiu, Y Moura, I Moura, JJG Kroneck, PMH TI Assignment of Raman sublines and redox potentials to individual hemes in cytochromes C3 based on nonplanar heme deformations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, New Mat & Validat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, P-2825 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. Univ Konstanz, Fak Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Moura, Jose/D-6426-2013; REQUIMTE, SMB/M-5694-2013; Moura, Isabel/D-6339-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Moura, Jose/0000-0002-4726-2388; Moura, Isabel/0000-0003-0971-4977; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A419 EP A419 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902450 ER PT J AU Shreve, AP Parikh, AN Beers, JD Swanson, BI AF Shreve, AP Parikh, AN Beers, JD Swanson, BI TI The Langmuir-phase assisted construction & spectroscopic characterization of bio-mimetic membrane architectures at oxide surfaces. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A434 EP A434 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902538 ER PT J AU Siegel, DP Capel, M Caffrey, M AF Siegel, DP Capel, M Caffrey, M TI Using time-resolved x-ray diffraction to search for fusion-related intermediates in an L-alpha/H-II phase transition. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A438 EP A438 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902560 ER PT J AU Sorenson, JM Head-Gordon, T AF Sorenson, JM Head-Gordon, T TI The importance of hydration for the kinetics and thermodynamics of protein folding: Simplified lattice models SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci & Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A109 EP A109 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900636 ER PT J AU Stone, D Hjelm, R Mendelson, R AF Stone, D Hjelm, R Mendelson, R TI The solution structures of dimeric kinesin and NCD motors. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, CVRI, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A44 EP A44 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900258 ER PT J AU Strzalka, J Chen, X Gibney, BR Moser, CC Dutton, PL Ocko, BM Blasie, JK AF Strzalka, J Chen, X Gibney, BR Moser, CC Dutton, PL Ocko, BM Blasie, JK TI X-ray reflectivity studies of mixed Langmuir monolayers of a lipopeptide maquette and a phospholipid SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A18 EP A18 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900100 ER PT J AU Sutherland, JC AF Sutherland, JC TI Quantification of dna damage by the method-of-moments: Alternate calculation of number-average molecular length for DNA resolved by static field gel electrophoresis. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A325 EP A325 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901902 ER PT J AU Wadkins, RM Vladu, B Tung, CS Vallone, P Benight, AS AF Wadkins, RM Vladu, B Tung, CS Vallone, P Benight, AS TI Ligand recognition of DNA hairpins: Loop composition and its effect on binding by Actinomycin D and HMG-1 protein. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTRC, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A129 EP A129 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085900751 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Caramana, CL Bailey, JA Dyer, RB Ondrias, MR AF Yu, Y Caramana, CL Bailey, JA Dyer, RB Ondrias, MR TI Spectroscopic studies of cytochrome c denaturation by sodium dodecylsulfate SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A172 EP A172 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085901004 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Celine, P Jia, SL Ma, JG Zhang, J Shelnutt, JA Marchon, JC AF Zhang, J Celine, P Jia, SL Ma, JG Zhang, J Shelnutt, JA Marchon, JC TI Substituent effects on nonplanar nickel(II) meso-tetra(cyclopropyloxyl)porphyrins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, New Mat & Validat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. CEA Grenoble, SCIB, DRFMC, Lab Chim Coordinat, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A424 EP A424 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902478 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Ma, JG Jia, SL Zhang, J Borovkov, VV Shelnutt, JA AF Zhang, J Ma, JG Jia, SL Zhang, J Borovkov, VV Shelnutt, JA TI Raman spectroscopy and molecular mechanics of covanlently-linked nickel porphyrin dimers. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, New Mat & Validat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. ERATO, Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Inoue Photochirogenesis Project, Toyonaka, Osaka 5650085, Japan. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A424 EP A424 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902477 ER PT J AU Zlatanova, J Bavykin, S Mirzabekov, A AF Zlatanova, J Bavykin, S Mirzabekov, A TI Biological microchips - State-of-the-art. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zlatanova, Jordanka/B-3273-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP A456 EP A456 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 210BU UT WOS:000081085902665 ER PT J AU Wemmer, DE AF Wemmer, DE TI Ligands recognizing the minor groove of DNA: Development and applications SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE polyamide ligands; DNA recognition; DNA binding; minor groove; regulation; sequence specific binding AB Polyamide ligands comprised of pyrrole, imidazole and hydroxypyrrole rings have been developed over the past decade which can be used to target many different, predetermined DNA sequences through recognition of functional groups in the minor groove. The design principles for these ligands are described with a description of the characterization of their binding. Variations containing linked recognition modules hate been described which allow high affinity and specificity, recognition of DIVA sequences of over 15 base pairs. Recent applications of these ligands in affecting biological response through competition with proteins for DNA binding sites are reviewed. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 63 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 1999 VL 52 IS 4 BP 197 EP 211 DI 10.1002/1097-0282(1999)52:4<197::AID-BIP1004>3.0.CO;2-U PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA V3076 UT WOS:000171719400005 PM 11295751 ER PT B AU Brandt, CC Schryver, JC Pfiffner, SM Palumbo, AV Macnaughton, S AF Brandt, CC Schryver, JC Pfiffner, SM Palumbo, AV Macnaughton, S BE Leeson, A Alleman, BC TI Using artificial neural networks to assess changes in microbial communities SO BIOREMEDIATION OF METALS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc AB We evaluated artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a technique for assessing changes in soil microbial communities following exposure to metals. We analyzed signature lipid biomarker (SLB) data collected from two soil microcosm experiments using traditional statistical techniques and ANN. Two phases of data analysis were done; pattern recognition and prediction. In general, the ANNs were better able to detect patterns and relationships in the SLB data than were the traditional statistical techniques. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Brandt, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-077-2 PY 1999 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63A UT WOS:000082416300001 ER PT B AU Zawislanski, PT Benson, SM Jayaweera, GR Wu, L Frankenberger, WT AF Zawislanski, PT Benson, SM Jayaweera, GR Wu, L Frankenberger, WT BE Leeson, A Alleman, BC TI In situ microbial volatilization of selenium in soils: A case history SO BIOREMEDIATION OF METALS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc AB A pilot-scale field experiment has been conducted since 1990 to test the effectiveness of microbial volatilization in removing selenium (Se) from soils contaminated with agricultural drainage water. The experiment, in which only irrigation and aeration were employed to enhance microbial processes, was designed to measure all major Se fluxes, including not only selenium loss via volatilization, but also advection with infiltrating rainwater, evapotranspirative transport, and plant uptake. The goal was to account for the total Se mass balance and address questions as to the significance of microbial volatilization relative to other fluxes. Although data collected from 1990 to 1994 showed decreases of Se concentrations in the top soil, subsequent data demonstrated that advective Se fluxes due to rainwater infiltration and evapotranspiration are largely responsible for the observed changes. Se volatilization was measured to account for an annual loss of only about 1%, with volatilization rates decreasing significantly with time, presumably due to the depletion of soil organic carbon. The integrated results of this project demonstrate the advantages and even necessity of an inter-disciplinary and multi-phase approach to evaluating the effectiveness of bioremediation strategies. Extreme caution needs to be taken in interpreting early results; long-term data collection and follow-up are indispensable. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zawislanski, PT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-077-2 PY 1999 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63A UT WOS:000082416300023 ER PT B AU Klasson, KT Just, EM AF Klasson, KT Just, EM BE Alleman, BC Leeson, A TI Computer model for prediction of PCB dechlorination and biodegradation endpoints SO BIOREMEDIATION OF NITROAROMATIC AND HALOAROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MICROORGANISMS; AROCLORS; MIXTURES; RISK AB Mathematical modeling of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) transformation served as a means of predicting possible endpoints of bioremediation, thus allowing evaluation of several of the most common transformation patterns. Correlation between laboratory-observed and predicted endpoint data was, in some cases, as good as 0.98 (perfect correlation = 1.0). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-080-2 PY 1999 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63D UT WOS:000082417000031 ER PT J AU Donohoe, RJ AF Donohoe, RJ TI Alteration of infrared spectrum of serum transferrin by iron binding and lowered pH SO BIOSPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE infrared spectra; human serum transferrin; iron binding; pH ID CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE; HUMAN LACTOFERRIN; RELEASE; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB Difference infrared spectra are reported for human serum transferrin in D2O as a function of iron binding or increased acidity. Spectral features detected as iron is bound at high pH include difference bands that are indicative of reduced solvent exposure and binding site ligation. More extensive spectral alterations, some of which indicate titration of carboxylic acid groups, are induced in the apo protein by lowering the pH in a manner consistent with that entailed in endocytosis. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Donohoe, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Grp, B-2,MS-J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1075-4261 J9 BIOSPECTROSCOPY JI Biospectroscopy PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 325 EP 327 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6343(1999)5:6<325::AID-BSPY1>3.0.CO;2-P PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biophysics; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Spectroscopy GA 262LV UT WOS:000084069500001 PM 10604284 ER PT J AU Burnett, VL Springer, DL AF Burnett, VL Springer, DL TI High-level expression of human histone H4 in E-coli SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GENE ACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION; ACETYLATION; DNA; NUCLEOSOMES; REPRESSION; PROTEINS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Springer, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999 P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JAN PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1 BP 30 EP + PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 156JH UT WOS:000077997500004 PM 9894588 ER PT J AU Xiang, XD AF Xiang, XD TI Combinatorial materials synthesis and high-throughput screening: An integrated materials chip approach to mapping phase diagrams and discovery and optimization of functional materials SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE discrete materials chip fabrication; continuous-phase diagrams fabrication; materials processing; high-throughput evaluation; optical characterization, x-ray characterization; electrical impedance characterization; superconductors; magnetoresistive materials; ferroelectric/dielectric materials ID LUMINESCENT MATERIALS; LIBRARIES; IDENTIFICATION; MICROSCOPY; FILMS AB Combinatorial materials synthesis methods and high-throughput evaluation techniques have been developed to accelerate the process of materials discovery and optimization and phase-diagram mapping. Analogous to integrated circuit chips, integrated materials chips containing thousands of discrete different compositions or continuous phase diagrams, often in the form of high-quality epitaxial thin films, can be fabricated and screened for interesting properties. Microspot x-ray method, various optical measurement techniques, and a novel evanescent microwave microscope have been used to characterize the structural, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of samples on the materials chips, These techniques are routinely used to discover/optimize and map phase diagrams of ferroelectric, dielectric, optical, magnetic, and superconducting materials. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xiang, XD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 2-300,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Xiang, Xiaodong/A-9445-2012; Xiang, Xiaodong/A-5936-2017 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PY 1999 VL 61 IS 4 BP 227 EP 241 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 242HH UT WOS:000082934100005 ER PT B AU Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Becker, RH Brinkmann, W Siebert, J Feigelson, ED Kollgaard, RI Schmidt, GD Smith, PS AF Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Becker, RH Brinkmann, W Siebert, J Feigelson, ED Kollgaard, RI Schmidt, GD Smith, PS BE Takalo, LO Sillanpaa, A TI Four new BL Lac surveys: Sampling new populations SO BL LAC PHENOMENON SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on BL Lac Phenomenon CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL TURKU, FINLAND ID LACERTAE OBJECTS; RADIO; CATALOG; SKY AB The advent of large area deep radio and X-ray surveys is leading to the creation of many new BL Lac samples. In particular, the ROSAT All-Sky, Green Bank and FIRST surveys are proving to be rich sources of new BL Lacs. We will discuss the methods used in four independent BL Lac searches based on these surveys. Comparison of the broadband spectral energy distributions of these BL Lacs with those of previously known objects clearly points to the existence of a large previously unrecognized population of objects with characteristics intermediate between those exhibited by Low and High energy peaked BL Lacs. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Laurent-Muehleisen, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-79-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 159 BP 499 EP 502 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BM90V UT WOS:000080089400119 ER PT J AU Rettig, MP Low, PS Gimm, JA Mohandas, N Wang, JZ Christian, JA AF Rettig, MP Low, PS Gimm, JA Mohandas, N Wang, JZ Christian, JA TI Evaluation of biochemical changes during in vivo erythrocyte senescence in the dog SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID OCCURRING ANTI-BAND-3 ANTIBODIES; INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; RED-CELL MEMBRANES; IN-VIVO; BIOTINYLATED ERYTHROCYTES; BLOOD-CELLS; HEMOGLOBIN DENATURATION; AUTOANTIBODY BINDING; INVIVO SURVIVAL; HEINZ BODIES AB One hypothesis to explain the age-dependent clearance of red blood cells (RBCs) from circulation proposes that denatured/oxidized hemoglobin (hemichromes) arising late during an RBC's life span induces clustering of the integral membrane protein, band 3. In turn, band 3 clustering generates an epitope on the senescent cell surface leading to autologous IgG binding and consequent phagocytosis. Because dog RBCs have survival characteristics that closely resemble those of human RBCs (ie, low random RBC loss, approximate to 115-day life span), we decided to test several aspects of the above hypothesis in the canine model, where in vivo aged cells of defined age could be evaluated for biochemical changes. For this purpose, dog RBCs were biotinylated in vivo and retrieved for biochemical analysis at various later dates using avidin-coated magnetic beads. Consistent with the above hypothesis, senescent dog RBCs were found to contain measurably elevated membrane-bound (denatured) globin and a sevenfold enhancement of surface-associated autologous IgG. Interestingly, dog RBCs that were allowed to senesce for 115 days in vivo also suffered from compromised intracellular reducing power, containing only 30% of the reduced glutathione found in unfractionated cells. Although the small quantity of cells of age greater than or equal to 110 days did not allow direct quantitation of band 3 clustering, it was nevertheless possible to exploit single-cell microdeformation methods to evaluate the fraction of band 3 molecules that had lost their normal skeletal linkages and were free to cluster in response to hemichrome binding. Importantly, band 3 in RBCs greater than or equal to 112 days old was found to be 25% less restrained by skeletal interactions than band 3 in control cells, indicating that the normal linkages between band 3 and the membrane skeleton had been substantially disrupted. Interestingly, the protein 4.1a/protein 4.1b ratio, commonly assumed to reflect RBC age, was found to be maximal in RBCs isolated only 58 days after labeling, implying that while this marker is useful for identifying very young populations of RBCs, it is not a very sensitive marker for canine senescent RBCs. Taken together, these data argue that several of the readily testable elements of the above hypothesis implicating band 3 in human RBC senescence can be validated in an appropriate canine model. (C) 1999 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. UCSF, UCB, Bioengn Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Low, PS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, 1393 Brown Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 26263]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM24417] NR 76 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 93 IS 1 BP 376 EP 384 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 153AE UT WOS:000077809900045 PM 9864184 ER PT S AU Driessen, BJ Dohner, JL AF Driessen, BJ Dohner, JL BE Chen, CS Brebbia, CA Pepper, DW TI A finite element-boundary element method for advection-diffusion problems with variable advective fields and infinite domains SO BOUNDARY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY XIII: INCORPORATING COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND TESTING FOR ENGINEERING INTEGRITY SE BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Boundary Element Technology / 2nd Seminar on Computational Methods and Testing for Engineering Integrity CY JUN, 1999 CL UNIV NEVADA LAS VEGAS, LAS VEGAS, NV SP Int Soc Boundary Elements HO UNIV NEVADA LAS VEGAS AB In this paper a hybrid, finite element - boundary element method which can be used to solve for particle advection-diffusion in infinite domains with variable advective fields is presented. In previous work either boundary element, finite element, or difference methods have been used to solve for particle motion in advective-diffusive domains. These methods have a number of limitations. Due to the complexity of computing spatially dependent Green's functions, the boundary element method is limited to domains containing only constant advective fields, and due to their inherent formulation, finite element and finite difference methods are limited to only domains of finite spatial extent. Thus, finite element and finite difference methods are limited to finite space problems for which the boundary element method is not, and the boundary element method is limited to constant advection field problems for which finite element and finite difference methods are not. In this paper it is proposed to split a domain into two subdomains, and for each of these sub domains, apply the appropriate solution method; thereby, producing a method for the total infinite space, variable advective field domain. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Driessen, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6047 BN 1-85312-688-8 J9 BOUNDR ELEMENT PY 1999 VL 2 BP 99 EP 118 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BN85B UT WOS:000083192900010 ER PT S AU Driessen, BJ Kotulski, JD AF Driessen, BJ Kotulski, JD BE Chen, CS Brebbia, CA Pepper, DW TI On practical modifications to the Barnes-Hut multipole method for electromagnetic scattering SO BOUNDARY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY XIII: INCORPORATING COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND TESTING FOR ENGINEERING INTEGRITY SE BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Boundary Element Technology / 2nd Seminar on Computational Methods and Testing for Engineering Integrity CY JUN, 1999 CL UNIV NEVADA LAS VEGAS, LAS VEGAS, NV SP Int Soc Boundary Elements HO UNIV NEVADA LAS VEGAS ID ALGORITHM AB This paper presents a simple methodology for quickly predicting and optimizing computer run time for the Barnes-Hut multipole method for boundary element electromagnetic scattering problems. The methodology is easily extended to other multipole methods (e.g., Greengard-Rokhlin) and to other physics. The idea is to simply count the number of element-cell interactions, number of direct element-element interactions, and the number of cell multipole expansion creations (each expansion weighted by the number of elements in the cell), and then finally combine these three results with the associated unit costs to obtain the total computer run-time to perform a single matrix-vector multiply. By counting operations instead of actually performing them, the time to predict the computer run time is orders of magnitude smaller than the time to actually perform the associated calculations. This allows for very quick optimization of parameters, such as the maximum number of elements in a final generation cell of the tree. Numerical examples are presented herein in which the rate of return (time saved over time spent finding optimal parameter values) is significantly more than two orders of magnitude. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Driessen, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6047 BN 1-85312-688-8 J9 BOUNDR ELEMENT PY 1999 VL 2 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BN85B UT WOS:000083192900022 ER PT J AU Papamichael, K AF Papamichael, K TI Application of information technologies in building design decisions SO BUILDING RESEARCH AND INFORMATION LA English DT Article DE design process; life cycle analysis; building performance; information management; IT; data models AB Research and development of a nerv sophisticated software environment to support building design decisions are presented. This new software, the Building Design Advisor (BDA), is intended as a research tool, teaching aid and, eventually, as a practical professional tool to facilitate both strategic and detailed decision-making throughout the design process from the early schematic phases of building design through to the detailed specification of building components and systems. BDA supports the integrated, concurrent use of multiple simulation tools and databases, while allowing output to support multicriterion judgement. BDA's ultimate aims are to address the data needs of whole building life cycle analysis: design, construction, commissioning, operation, performance and demolition. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Papamichael, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0961-3218 J9 BUILD RES INF JI Build. Res. Informat. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 20 EP 34 DI 10.1080/096132199369624 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA 164DC UT WOS:000078446300003 ER PT S AU Miller, MK Schwarz, RB He, Y AF Miller, MK Schwarz, RB He, Y BE Johnson, WL Inoue, A Liu, CT TI Decomposition in Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass SO BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium MM on Bulk Metallic Glasses at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01, 1998-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Alps Elect Co Ltd Japan, Amorphous Tehcnologies Int, JEOL Ltd Japan, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE ID ATOM-PROBE; SYSTEM AB An atom probe field ion microscope and 3-dimensional atom probe characterization of the solute distribution in a bulk Pd40Ni40P20 metallic glass in the as-cast state and after annealing has been performed. Statistical analysis of the atom probe atom-by-atom data detected the presence of short range ordering in the as-cast alloy. Phase separation at the nanometer level is observed in glassy samples after annealing above the glass-transition temperature. Crystallization proceeds by phase separation into three distinct crystalline phases. Atom probe analysis of the alloy annealed for 1 h at 410 degrees C revealed that the primary nickel phosphide phase contained significant levels of palladium, the palladium-rich Pd3P phosphide phase contained low levels of nickel and there was a small amount of a palladium-nickel solid solution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-460-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 554 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP16S UT WOS:000084260900002 ER PT S AU Horton, JA Wright, JL Schneibel, JH AF Horton, JA Wright, JL Schneibel, JH BE Johnson, WL Inoue, A Liu, CT TI Fracture in bulk amorphous alloys SO BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium MM on Bulk Metallic Glasses at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01, 1998-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Alps Elect Co Ltd Japan, Amorphous Tehcnologies Int, JEOL Ltd Japan, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE ID BEHAVIOR AB The fracture behavior of a Zr-based bulk amorphous alloy, Zr-10 Al-5 Ti-17.9 Cu-14.6 Ni (at.%), was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction for any evidence of crystallization preceding crack propagation. No evidence for crystallization was found in shear bands in compression specimens or at the fracture surface in tensile specimens. In- situ TEM deformation experiments were performed to more closely examine actual crack tip regions. During the in-situ deformation experiment, controlled crack growth occurred to the point where the specimen was approximately 20 mu m thick at which point uncontrolled crack growth occurred. No evidence of any crystallization was found at the crack tips or the crack flanks. Subsequent scanning microscope examination showed that the uncontrolled crack growth region exhibited ridges and veins that appeared to have resulted from melting. Performing the deformations, both bulk and in-situ TEM, at liquid nitrogen temperatures (LN2) resulted in an increase in the amount of controlled crack growth. The surface roughness of the bulk regions fractured at LN2 temperatures corresponded with the roughness of the crack propagation observed during the in-situ TEM experiment, suggesting that the smooth-appearing room temperature fracture surfaces may also be a result of localized melting. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Horton, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-460-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 554 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP16S UT WOS:000084260900029 ER PT S AU Gilbert, CJ Ager, JW Schroeder, V Ritchie, RO AF Gilbert, CJ Ager, JW Schroeder, V Ritchie, RO BE Johnson, WL Inoue, A Liu, CT TI Mechanism for light emission during fracture of a Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be bulk metallic glass: Temperature measurements in air and nitrogen SO BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium MM on Bulk Metallic Glasses at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01, 1998-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Alps Elect Co Ltd Japan, Amorphous Tehcnologies Int, JEOL Ltd Japan, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; TOUGHNESS; BEHAVIOR AB Light emitted during rupture of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (at%) bulk metallic glass has been investigated. Charpy V-notch specimens fractured in a pendulum impact apparatus were used to excite light emission. Spectra acquired from rupture in air exhibited a single broad peak and were fit to a blackbody temperature of similar to 3175 K. In nitrogen, however, light emission was no longer visible to the eye. In this case, the captured light was at least four orders of magnitude less intense, and spectra were shifted to the red with an effective blackbody temperature of similar to 1400 K. Fracture surfaces generated in both air and nitrogen exhibited local melting, providing further evidence of intense heating during fracture. Based on these observations we argue that the intense light emission in air is associated with pyrolysis of fresh material exposed during rupture. Results were compared to preliminary observations of light emission from ribbons of a Zr57Nb5Ni12.6Cu15.4Al10 (at%) glass. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gilbert, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-460-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 554 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP16S UT WOS:000084260900030 ER PT S AU Foley, JC Sordelet, DJ Lograsso, TA AF Foley, JC Sordelet, DJ Lograsso, TA BE Johnson, WL Inoue, A Liu, CT TI Characterization of gas atomized Cu48Ti34Zr10Ni8 amorphous metal powder SO BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium MM on Bulk Metallic Glasses at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01, 1998-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Alps Elect Co Ltd Japan, Amorphous Tehcnologies Int, JEOL Ltd Japan, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; NANOCRYSTAL DEVELOPMENT; GLASSES; ALLOYS; NI; CRYSTALLIZATION AB The advent of multi-component metallic alloys, which exhibit relatively good glass forming ability, has opened opportunities for processing metallic glasses into thick cross section components. The relatively good glass forming ability is important because conventional processing techniques (e.g., casting, extrusion and rolling) may be used to fabricate useful shapes while retaining the excellent engineering properties of an amorphous structure. In particular, the favorable processing characteristics of bulk amorphous alloys are the low cooling rates which can be exercised to yield an amorphous structure and the operating temperature range between the glass transition temperature (T-g) and the crystallization temperature(T-x). Current work is focused on developing a processing strategy that will allow us to fabricate even larger cross section amorphous alloys than are currently achievable by casting methods. The technique involves producing high pressure gas atomized (HPGA) Cu48Ti34Zr10Ni8 powders and consolidating them at temperatures above T-g, but below T-x. Thermal analysis of atomized powders by DSC provides details of the influence of powder particle size, which is related to cooling rate during atomization. The results of experiments characterizing the thermal and kinetic behavior of Cu48Ti34Zr10Ni8 powders indicate that short processing times are required to retain the amorphous structure during consolidation in the temperature regime between T-g and T-x. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Foley, JC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-460-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 554 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP16S UT WOS:000084260900031 ER PT S AU Liu, CT Pike, LM Chen, NG AF Liu, CT Pike, LM Chen, NG BE Johnson, WL Inoue, A Liu, CT TI Effect of small amounts of B and C additions on glass formation and mechanical properties of a Zr-base alloy SO BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium MM on Bulk Metallic Glasses at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01, 1998-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Alps Elect Co Ltd Japan, Amorphous Tehcnologies Int, JEOL Ltd Japan, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; BULK AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; METALLIC-GLASS; CRYSTALLIZATION; EXTENSION; BORON; NI3AL AB The effect of B and C additions up to 0.4 at. % on glass formation and mechanical properties of a Zr-base alloy Vitreloy 105 was studied using various techniques. All alloys were prepared by are melting and drop casting. Boron additions increase the glass forming ability by lowering T-m and increasing T-g. Carbon additions only lower T-m but not affect T-g. B and C additions occupy free space and dd not harden the glass phase. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-460-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 554 BP 305 EP 310 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP16S UT WOS:000084260900045 ER PT S AU Gilbert, CJ Schroeder, V Ritchie, RO AF Gilbert, CJ Schroeder, V Ritchie, RO BE Johnson, WL Inoue, A Liu, CT TI Fracture and fatigue in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass SO BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium MM on Bulk Metallic Glasses at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 1998-1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Alps Elect Co Ltd Japan, Amorphous Tehcnologies Int, JEOL Ltd Japan, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE ID NI-CU-BE; CRACK-GROWTH BEHAVIOR; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CYCLIC FATIGUE; PROPAGATION; DEFORMATION; TOUGHNESS; CRYSTALLIZATION; DECOMPOSITION AB The fracture and fatigue properties of the Zr4.12Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (at.%) bulk metallic glass alloy have been examined. The plane-strain fracture toughness of the fully amorphous alloy was found to exceed 50 MPa root m, although results were sensitive to strain rate, showed significant variability and were influenced by the presence of residual stresses following processing. Fracture surfaces exhibited a characteristic vein morphology, consistent with micromechanical models for meniscus instabilities. Local melting was evident, consistent with the emission of light during rupture and very high local temperatures (>1000 K) measured during fracture. Upon partial or complete crystallization, the alloy was severely embrittled, with toughnesses dropping to similar to 1 MPa root m and the hardness increasing by similar to 10%. Under cyclic loading, crack-propagation behavior in the amorphous structure was similar to that observed in polycrystalline metals; the crack-advance mechanism was associated with alternating crack-tip blunting and resharpening, as evidenced by presence of fatigue striations. Conversely, the (unnotched) stress-life (S/N) properties were markedly different. Crack initiation and subsequent growth occurred quite readily due to the lack of microstructural barriers that would normally provide local crack-arrest points. This resulted in a very Low fatigue limit of similar to 4% the ultimate tensile strength. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 52 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-460-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 554 BP 343 EP 354 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP16S UT WOS:000084260900047 ER PT S AU Nieh, TG Wang, JG Wadsworth, J Mukai, T Liu, CT AF Nieh, TG Wang, JG Wadsworth, J Mukai, T Liu, CT BE Johnson, WL Inoue, A Liu, CT TI Superplastic deformation and viscous flow in an Zr-based metallic glass at 410 degrees C SO BULK METALLIC GLASSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium MM on Bulk Metallic Glasses at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01, 1998-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Alps Elect Co Ltd Japan, Amorphous Tehcnologies Int, JEOL Ltd Japan, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; CRYSTALLIZATION; STRENGTH AB The thermal properties of an amorphous alloy (composition in at.%: Zr-10Al-5Ti-17.9Cu-14.6Ni), and particularly the glass transition and crystallization temperature as a function of heating rate, were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). X-ray diffraction analyses and Transmission Electron Microscopy were also conducted on samples heat-treated at different temperatures for comparison with the DSC results. Superplasticity in the alloy was studied at 410 degrees C, a temperature within the supercooled liquid region. Both single strain rate and strain rate cycling tests in tension were carried out to investigate the deformation behavior of the alloy in the supercooled liquid region. The experimental results indicated that the alloy did not behave like a Newtonian fluid. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Mukai, Toshiji/F-9570-2014; Totsukawa, Nobuhisa/D-2028-2017 OI Mukai, Toshiji/0000-0002-9628-5762; NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-460-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 554 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP16S UT WOS:000084260900052 ER PT J AU Gates, WL Boyle, JS Covey, C Dease, CG Doutriaux, CM Drach, RS Fiorino, M Gleckler, PJ Hnilo, JJ Marlais, SM Phillips, TJ Potter, GL Santer, BD Sperber, KR Taylor, KE Williams, DN AF Gates, WL Boyle, JS Covey, C Dease, CG Doutriaux, CM Drach, RS Fiorino, M Gleckler, PJ Hnilo, JJ Marlais, SM Phillips, TJ Potter, GL Santer, BD Sperber, KR Taylor, KE Williams, DN TI An overview of the results of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP I) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP), initiated in 1989 under the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme, undertook the systematic validation, diagnosis, and intercomparison of the performance of atmospheric general circulation models. For this purpose all models were required to simulate the evolution of the climate during the decade 1979-88, subject to the observed monthly average temperature and sea ice and a common prescribed atmospheric CO2 concentration and solar constant. By 1995, 31 modeling groups, representing virtually the entire international atmospheric modeling community, had contributed the required standard output of the monthly means of selected statistics. These data have been analyzed by the participating modeling groups, by the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, and by the more than two dozen AMIP diagnostic subprojects that have been established to examine specific aspects of the models' performance. Here the analysis and validation of the AMIP results as a whole are summarized in order to document the overall performance of atmospheric general circulation-climate models as of the early 1990s. The infrastructure and plans for continuation of the AMIP project are also reported on. Although there are apparent model outliers in each simulated variable examined, validation of the AMIP models' ensemble mean shows that the average large-scale seasonal distributions of pressure, temperature, and circulation are reasonably close to what are believed to be the best observational estimates available. The large-scale structure of the ensemble mean precipitation and ocean surface heat flux also resemble the observed estimates but show particularly large intermodel differences in low latitudes. The total cloudiness, on the other hand, is rather poorly simulated, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. The models' simulation of the seasonal cycle (as represented by the amplitude and phase of the first annual, harmonic of sea level pressure) closely resembles the observed variation in almost all regions. The ensemble's simulation of the interannual variability of sea level pressure in the tropical Pacific is reasonably close to that observed (except for its underestimate of the amplitude of major El Ninos), while the interannual variability is less well simulated in midlatitudes. When analyzed in terms of the variability of the evolution of their combined spacetime patterns in comparison to observations, the AMIP models are seen to exhibit a wide range of accuracy, with no single model performing best in all respects considered. Analysis of the subset of the original AMIP models for which revised versions have subsequently been used to revisit the experiment shows a substantial reduction of the models' systematic errors in simulating cloudiness but only a slight reduction of the mean seasonal errors of most other variables. In order to understand better the nature of these errors and to accelerate the rate of model improvement, an expanded and continuing project (AMIP II) is being undertaken in which analysis and intercomparison will address a wider range of variables and processes, using an improved diagnostic and experimental infrastructure. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gates, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gates5@llnl.gov RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Gleckler, Peter/H-4762-2012; Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Gleckler, Peter/0000-0003-2816-6224; Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157; NR 26 TC 423 Z9 437 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1 BP 29 EP 55 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0029:AOOTRO>2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160KR UT WOS:000078230100003 ER PT J AU Battaglia, LL Sharitz, RR Minchin, PR AF Battaglia, LL Sharitz, RR Minchin, PR TI Patterns of seedling and overstory composition along a gradient of hurricane disturbance in an old-growth bottomland hardwood community SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WOODY PLANT-REGENERATION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; TREEFALL GAPS; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; FLOODPLAIN FOREST; DYNAMICS; VEGETATION; MICROSITE; MICROTOPOGRAPHY; MOUNDS AB Disturbance patterns and species composition in the seedling and canopy layers were examined across the range of post-hurricane damage in an old-growth bottomland hardwood forest. Canopy coverage, tip-up number and area, snags, and coarse woody debris were quantified in plots along randomly oriented transects established in bottomland hardwood stands and mixed Pinus taeda L. - bottomland hardwood stands. Wilcoxon rank sum tests of these individual disturbance features indicated greater disturbance in plots containing the early successional species, Pinus taeda, than in mixed bottomland plots without it. Principal components analysis (PCA) using these features illustrated much overlap between the two assemblages and suggested a continuum of canopy and soil disturbance conditions from windthrows along axis I and a continuum of canopy disturbance due to snag formation along axis II. Woody seedlings and trees were inventoried in 30 plots spanning the range of disturbance. Seedling species richness exhibited a rank order increase along axis I. Floristic trends in both seedling and tree layers we-significantly correlated with disturbance represented by PCA axis I scores. Removal from the canopy and lack of successful recruitment of Pinus taeda, a former canopy dominant, suggest that the hurricane has shifted this old-growth floodplain forest to a different successional state. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Battaglia, LL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 508 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM lbata1@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu NR 63 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 29 IS 1 BP 144 EP 156 DI 10.1139/cjfr-29-1-144 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 181AD UT WOS:000079417700016 ER PT J AU Zitzelsberger, H Lehmann, L Hieber, L Weier, HUG Janish, C Fung, J Negele, T Spelsberg, F Lengfelder, E Demidchik, EP Salassidis, K Kellerer, AM Werner, M Bauchinger, M AF Zitzelsberger, H Lehmann, L Hieber, L Weier, HUG Janish, C Fung, J Negele, T Spelsberg, F Lengfelder, E Demidchik, EP Salassidis, K Kellerer, AM Werner, M Bauchinger, M TI Cytogenetic changes in radiation-induced tumors of the thyroid SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; PAPILLARY CARCINOMAS; CHILDREN; ABNORMALITIES; ADENOMAS; ACCIDENT; REARRANGEMENTS; VARIANTS; SEQUENCE AB Thyroid carcinoma incidence is increased significantly after ionizing irradiation; however, the possible mechanisms have not yet been identified. To provide clues for an understanding of the radiation-induced transformation of thyroid epithelium, we analyzed the karyotypes of 56 childhood thyroid tumors that appeared in Belarus after the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986, We also studied eight secondary thyroid tumors that developed after radiotherapy. Metaphase preparations obtained from primary cultures were analyzed by G-banding, Clonal structural aberrations were found in 13 of 56 Belarussian cases and in 6 of 8 secondary tumors that developed after radiotherapy. Furthermore, we detected multiple chromosomal aberrations as well as complex rearrangements in some of these tumors and performed a detailed analysis of marker chromosomes from a single case using spectral karyotyping and comparative genomic hybridization in a childhood tumor from Belarus with a near-triploid karyotype, Both comparative genomic hybridization and spectral karyotyping analysis revealed structural alterations affecting identical chromosomes 1, 2, 9, and 13, among others. In addition to the known hot spots of alterations in papillary thyroid carcinomas on chromosomes Iq and 10q, a comprehensive breakpoint analysis in the pooled data set revealed novel breakpoints on chromosomes 4q, 5q, 6p, 12q, 13q, and 14q, The chromosomal aberrations in these tumors may provide suitable starting points for the positional cloning of genes involved in radiation-induced tumorigenesis. C1 GSF Forschungszentrum Umwelt & Gesundheit GMBH, Inst Radiobiol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Appl Spectral Imaging Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Reprod Genet Unit, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Martha Maria Krankenhaus, Munich, Germany. Ctr Thyroid Tumors, Minsk 220600, Byelarus. Tech Univ Munich, Inst Pathol & Pathol Anat, D-84675 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, Inst Radiat Biol, D-80336 Munich, Germany. RP Zitzelsberger, H (reprint author), GSF Forschungszentrum Umwelt & Gesundheit GMBH, Inst Strahlenbiol, D-85758 Oberschleissheim, Germany. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 1 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 156AM UT WOS:000077979300025 PM 9892198 ER PT J AU Marx, DT Riester, L AF Marx, DT Riester, L TI Mechanical properties of carbon-carbon composite components determined using nanoindentation SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon composites; mechanical properties ID HARDNESS; LOAD; CURVES; STRESS; FILMS AB The near-surface mechanical properties of the individual components (fiber, resin char, and CVD carbon) within several carbon-carbon composites are reported from the analysis of nanoindentation data. These near-surface properties (elastic modulus, stiffness, and hardness) are important parameters in thermal and mechanical models of friction processes occurring in carbon-carbon composite brakes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 So Illinois Univ, Ctr Adv Frict Studies, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Marx, DT (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Ctr Adv Frict Studies, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1999 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1679 EP 1684 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00239-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 248DC UT WOS:000083259200002 ER PT B AU Williams, MC AF Williams, MC BE Uchida, I Hemmes, K Lindbergh, G Shores, DA Selman, JR TI World-wide carbonate fuel cell powerplant development and commercialization SO CARBONATE FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology, at the Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society / Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT 18-19, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan AB The world-wide market opportunity for carbonate fuel cells (CFCs) in the distributed generation market is very promising. The CFC is attractive for both non-attainment urban areas and remote applications. It is ideal as a distributed generator; that is, it can be sited at or near the electricity user - for example, at electrical substations, at shopping centers or apartment complexes, or in remote villages - minimizing long-distance transmission lines. Concerns for the global environment are driving future power generation systems toward technologies that produce extremely low environmental emissions. Because of their high efficiencies, CFC powerplants will help in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Since combustion is not utilized in the process, CFCs generate very low amounts of nitrogen oxide(NO,). CFC powerplants have been exempt from air permitting requirements in several states. Important demonstrations of the CFC technology are occurring in the U.S., Japan, and Europe. In the U.S., the program is being implemented by the U.S. DOE FETC. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Williams, MC (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-243-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 20 BP 40 EP 46 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BN84U UT WOS:000083175400005 ER PT B AU Schoeler, AC Kaun, TD Krumpelt, M AF Schoeler, AC Kaun, TD Krumpelt, M BE Uchida, I Hemmes, K Lindbergh, G Shores, DA Selman, JR TI Influence of the alloying elements Mn and Co on the electrical resistance and corrosion behavior of bipolar plate materials in MCFC SO CARBONATE FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology, at the Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society / Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT 18-19, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan ID CARBONATE AB The electrical resistivity of the oxide scale and the corrosion behavior of alternative bipolar plates in the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) were investigated. We tested different commercial stainless steels containing Co (Haynes 556) and Mn (Nitronic 30, Nitronic 50, and Nitronic 60) under MCFC conditions. Oxide-scale resistivity measurements were coupled with observations of microstructural/compositional change over time. All tested material formed multilayered oxide scales, whose phase compositions are the key factor for electrical interfacial resistivity. The high cobalt content of Haynes 556 (18 wt%) did not improve its electrical resistivity or corrosion resistance. Thus Go-containing stainless steels such as Haynes 556 do not seem to be the preferred choice for the bipolar plate materials. On the other hand, the addition of manganese led to the formation of Mn-doped oxide scales, which lowered the resistivity of the oxide scale. Also, the corrosion resistance of the Mn-containing stainless steels was better than that of 316L, the present bipolar plate material. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schoeler, AC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-243-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 20 BP 158 EP 168 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BN84U UT WOS:000083175400018 ER PT B AU Kaun, TD Schoeler, A Centeno, CJ Krumpelt, M AF Kaun, TD Schoeler, A Centeno, CJ Krumpelt, M BE Uchida, I Hemmes, K Lindbergh, G Shores, DA Selman, JR TI Improved MCFC performance with Li/Na/Ba/Ca carbonate electrolyte SO CARBONATE FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology, at the Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society / Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT 18-19, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan AB Earlier electrolyte segregation tests of Li/Na carbonate used chemical analysis such as inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES) of matrix strips wetted with carbonate and exposed to 5- to 20-V potential gradients. A segregation factor was correlated to the Li/Na carbonate composition. While fairly substantial segregation occurs at the eutectic composition of 52% Li, it is minimal at 60% to 75% Li. Such lithium-rich Li/Na carbonates may not be practical because the melting points are too high (i.e., liquidus point is 625 degrees C). By adding calcium and barium to the lithium/sodium carbonates, we were able to lower the melting point and maintain nonsegregating behavior. This work is directed at examining the long-term stability of the quaternary Li/Na/Ba/Ca electrolytes. Electrolyte optimization work evaluates Li/Na ratio and Ba/Ca level to improve cell performance at 320 mA/cm(2) and reduce temperature sensitivity. A number of cells with quaternary Li/Na/Ba/Ca electrolytes ranging from 3 to 5% Ba/Ca have operated well with stable, long-term performance. Congruent melting carbonate is important for commercial development. The best so far is 3.5% Ba/Ca/Na/Li (3.5 mol% /3.5 mol% Ba/Ca) carbonate (m.p. 440 degrees C). Performance at 160 mA/cm2 is increased up to 150mV as compared with the baseline cell containing the Li/Na eutectic composition. Life stability has been reproduced by a number of bench-scale MCFC test with operations of 2000-4300 h and the electrolyte composition across the matrix little changed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaun, TD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-243-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 20 BP 219 EP 227 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BN84U UT WOS:000083175400024 ER PT J AU Fujikawa, T Ribeiro, FH Somorjai, GA AF Fujikawa, T Ribeiro, FH Somorjai, GA TI Hydrodesulfurization of tetrahydrothiophene over evaporated Mo, Co and Mo-Co model catalysts SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydrodesulfurization of tetrahydrothiophene; Mo model catalyst; Co model catalyst; Mo-Co model catalyst; hydrodesulfurization over Mo; hydrodesulfurization over Co; hydrodesulfurization over Mo-Co ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACE; MOSSBAUER EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; THIOPHENE HYDRODESULFURIZATION; METAL SULFIDES; SCIENCE MODEL; S PHASE; MOLYBDENUM; CARBON; SULFIDATION; MECHANISM AB The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of tetrahydrothiophene was studied over model catalysts prepared by deposition of Co and Mo thin films on a stainless-steel foil covered with graphite. There are three main findings: (1) the nominal turnover rate for the HDS reaction is approximately constant and independent of the Co to Mo ratio, (2) the main product was 1,3-butadiene for cobalt and 1,3-butadiene and 1-butene for molybdenum, and (3) the reaction is not poisoned by sulfur. The surfaces were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) before and after reaction. The reactions were carried out under 2.6 kPa of tetrahydrothiophene and 100 kPa of H-2 at 613 K. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fujikawa, T (reprint author), Cosmo Res Inst, 1134-2 Gongendo, Satte, Saitama 3400193, Japan. OI Ribeiro, Fabio/0000-0001-7752-461X NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1023/A:1019048417140 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 258WK UT WOS:000083862500003 ER PT J AU Lobree, LJ Hwang, IC Reimer, JA Bell, AT AF Lobree, LJ Hwang, IC Reimer, JA Bell, AT TI An in situ infrared study of NO reduction by C3H8 over Fe-ZSM-5 SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE selective catalytic reduction; SCR; Fe-ZSM-5; zeolites; NOx reduction with propane ID FE/ZSM-5 CATALYSTS; ZEOLITES; CH4; DURABILITY; CO-ZSM-5; IR AB The interactions of NO, O-2 and NO2 with Fe-ZSM-5, as well as the reduction of NO by C3H8 in the presence of O-2, have been investigated using in situ infrared spectroscopy. The sample of Fe-ZSM-5 (Fe/Al = 0.56) was prepared by solid-state ion exchange. NO adsorption in the absence of O-2 produces only mono- and dinitrosyl species associated with Fe2+ cations. Adsorbed NO2/NO3 species are formed via the reaction of adsorbed O-2 with gas-phase NO or by the adsorption of gas-phase NO2. The reduction of NO in the presence of O-2 begins with the reaction of gas-phase C3H8 with adsorbed NO2/NO3 species to form a nitrogen-containing polymeric species. A reaction pathway is proposed for the catalyzed reduction of NO by C3H8 in the presence of O-2. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lobree, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 28 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 24 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 1999 VL 63 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1023/A:1019033508479 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 265YN UT WOS:000084274000020 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Jirsak, T Freitag, A Hanson, JC Larese, JZ Chaturvedi, S AF Rodriguez, JA Jirsak, T Freitag, A Hanson, JC Larese, JZ Chaturvedi, S TI Interaction of SO2 with CeO2 and Cu/CeO2 catalysts: photoemission, XANES and TPD studies SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cerium oxides; SO2; desulfurization; copper; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; photoemission and XPS ID SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; OXIDE-FILMS; ADSORPTION; PT(111); CERIA; CO; SPECTROSCOPY; SULFUR; MODEL AB CeO2 and Cu/CeO2 are effective catalysts/sorbents for the removal or destruction of SO2. Synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) have been employed to study the reaction of SO2 with pure and reduced CeO2 powders, ceria films (CeO2, CeO2-x, Ce2O3+x) and model Cu/CeO2 catalysts. The results of XANES and photoemission provide evidence that SO4 was formed upon the adsorption of SO2 on pure powders or films of CeO2 at 300 K. The sulfate decomposed in the 390-670 K temperature range with mainly SO2 and some SO3 evolving into gas phase. At 670 K, there was still a significant amount of SO4 present on the CeO2 substrates. The introduction of O vacancies in the CeO2 powders or films favored the formation of SO3 instead of SO4. Ceria was able to fully dissociate SO2 to atomic S only if Ce atoms with a low oxidation state were available in the system. When Cu atoms were added to CeO2 new active sites for the destruction of SO2 were created improving the catalytic activity of the system. The surface chemistry of SO2 on the Cu-promoted CeO2 was much richer than on pure CeO2. The behavior of ceria in several catalytic processes (oxidation of SO2 by O-2, reduction of SO2 by CO, automobile exhaust converters) is discussed in light of these results. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rohm & Haas Co, Analyt Res, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 30 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 8 U2 40 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 1999 VL 62 IS 2-4 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1023/A:1019007308054 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 252PU UT WOS:000083512000005 ER PT J AU Herman, GS Peden, CHF Schmieg, SJ Belton, DN AF Herman, GS Peden, CHF Schmieg, SJ Belton, DN TI A comparison of the NO-CO reaction over Rh(100), Rh(110) and Rh(111) SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE NO-CO reaction; rhodium; NOx reduction; structure sensitive reaction ID REACTION-RATES; NITRIC-OXIDE; OXIDATION; REDUCTION; RHODIUM; SURFACE AB Reaction rates and product selectivities were measured over the Rh(100) surface as a function of temperature, and CO and NO partial pressures. These results are compared with our prior studies of the NO-CO reaction on the Rh(111) and Rh(110) surfaces. The only products detected for all three surfaces were CO2, N2O, and N-2. Furthermore, for the Rh(100) surface we have found a significant change in the apparent activation energy (E-a) with reaction temperature. For the Rh(100) surface it was found that the E-a can change by a factor of 2.3 in the temperature range investigated here, from 528 to 700 K, with the lower values obtained at higher temperatures. In contrast, E-a's were found to remain constant over the same temperature range for the Rh(110) and Rh(111) surfaces. The results observed for the Rh(100) surface suggest that reaction kinetics are dominated by variations in NO coverages. At low temperatures, the surface is fully saturated with NO, and dissociation is limited by the availability of vacancy sites through NO desorption. At high temperatures, the surface is still primarily covered with NO, however, the number of vacancy sites has increased substantially. In this case, we propose that the apparent activation energy is now reflecting NO dissociation kinetics rather than those for NO desorption. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Dept Chem Phys, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Herman, GS (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 17 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 1999 VL 62 IS 2-4 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1023/A:1019090804419 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 252PU UT WOS:000083512000008 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA Borodko, Y AF Somorjai, GA Borodko, Y TI Adsorbate (substrate)-induced restructuring of active transition metal sites of heterogeneous and enzyme catalysts SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE catalyst restructuring; enzyme catalyst; heterogeneous and enzyme catalysts ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; HIGH-PRESSURES; TENSOR LEED; IN-SITU; PT(111); HYDROGENATION; DEHYDROGENATION; CHEMISTRY AB Adsorbate-induced restructuring of transition metal surfaces and those of transition metal clusters embedded in metalloproteins has been shown to be a dominant phenomenon by LEED surface crystallography and X-ray crystallography studies, respectively. The restructuring is thermodynamically driven and is more facile for low-coordination metal sites (surface defects, steps and kinks, and nanoclusters). Dynamic restructuring of catalytically active transition metal sites may occur on the time scale of catalytic turnover or faster. The structural flexibility of transition metal surfaces and clusters embedded in enzymes could provide for seamless evolutionary changes of catalytic chemistry from inorganic to more complex and selective bio-organic systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 1999 VL 59 IS 2-4 BP 89 EP 91 DI 10.1023/A:1019064319982 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 208FF UT WOS:000080979600001 ER PT J AU Miller, JE Jackson, NB Evans, L Sault, AG Gonzales, MM AF Miller, JE Jackson, NB Evans, L Sault, AG Gonzales, MM TI The formation of active species for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane on magnesium molybdates SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE oxidative dehydrogenation; propane; magnesium molybdates; temperature-programmed reduction ID SELECTIVE OXIDATION; CATALYSTS; SYNERGY AB Pure and mixed magnesium molybdate phases (MoO3, MgMoO4, and MgMo2O7) have been examined for the oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of propane. The results are very sensitive to the stoichiometry and method of preparation. The catalysts exhibiting superior activity and selectivity are characterized by a unique temperature-programmed reduction peak that is not present for the poorly active or selective catalysts. Mixtures of MgMoO4 and MoO3 or MgMoO4 and MgMo2O7, materials that perform poorly by themselves, show significant improvements in performance upon heating. The solid-state interactions leading to these improvements correspond to the appearance of the characteristic reduction peak. The results suggest that the beneficial synergistic effects seen with mixtures of inactive phases are due to formation of a new phase or species, rather than remote communication between phases (e.g., oxygen spillover). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 13 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PY 1999 VL 58 IS 2-3 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1023/A:1019013514105 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 190QJ UT WOS:000079975200014 ER PT J AU Mural, RJ AF Mural, RJ TI Current status of computational gene finding: A perspective SO CDNA PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PROTEIN-CODING REGIONS; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; PREDICTION; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Computat Biol Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mural, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Computat Biol Sect, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1999 VL 303 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BN43D UT WOS:000081913000005 PM 10349639 ER PT J AU Nicholson, WV Lee, M Downing, KH Nogales, E AF Nicholson, WV Lee, M Downing, KH Nogales, E TI Cryo-electron microscopy of GDP-tubulin rings SO CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tubulin; microtubules; GDP; depolymerization; cryo-electron microscopy; single particles ID BETA-TUBULIN; MICROTUBULES; DYNAMICS; STABILIZATION AB Rings of guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-tubulin formed in the presence of divalent cations have been studied using conventional negative stain and cryo-electron microscopy. The structure of such rings resembles that of depolymerizing microtubule ends and corresponds to an "unconstrained" conformation of tubulin in its GDP state. The use of cryo-techniques has allowed us to image the ring polymers free from dehydration and flattening artifacts. Preparations of frozen-hydrated GDP-tubulin rings are generally heterogeneous and contain a mixture of double, triple, acid incomplete rings, as well as spirals and some rare single rings. Images of different polymer types can be identified and classified into groups that are then amenable for averaging and single particle reconstruction methods. Identifying the differences in tubulin structure, between straight and curve protofilaments, will be important to understand the molecular bases of dynamic instability in microtubules. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, LSA, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, LSA, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Nogales, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, LSA, 355, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Nicholson, William/0000-0001-6614-0194 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51487] NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1085-9195 J9 CELL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Cell Biochem. Biophys. PY 1999 VL 31 IS 2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1007/BF02738171 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 282ZK UT WOS:000085251500005 PM 10593258 ER PT J AU Katkov, II Mazur, P AF Katkov, II Mazur, P TI Factors affecting yield and survival of cells when suspensions are subjected to centrifugation - Influence of centrifugal acceleration, time of centrifugation, and length of the suspension column in quasi-homogeneous centrifugal fields SO CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mechanical sensitivity; damage; recovery; sedimentation ID MOUSE; SPERMATOZOA; SEPARATION AB The goals of the centrifugation of cell suspensions are to obtain the maximum yield of cells with minimum adverse effects of centrifugation. Ln the case of mechanically sensitive cells such as mouse sperm, the two goals are somewhat contradictory in that g-forces sufficient to achieve high yields are damaging, and g-forces that yield high viability produce low yields. This paper mathematically analyzes the factors contributing to each goal. The total yield of pelleted cells is determined by the sedimentation rate governed by Stokes' Law, and depends on the relative centrifugal force, centrifugation time, size and shape of the cells, density of the cells and medium, viscosity of the medium, and the length of the column of suspension. Because in the situation analyzed the column is short relative to the rotor radius, the analysis considers the centrifugal field to be quasi-homogeneous. The assumption is that cells are not damaged during sedimentation, but that they become injured at an exponential rate once they are pelleted, a rate that will depend on the specific cell type. The behavior is modeled by the solution of coupled differential equations. The predictions of the analysis are in good agreement with experimental data on the centrifugation of mouse sperm. C1 Universal Preservat Technol Inc, Semen & Embryo Preservat Lab, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Katkov, II (reprint author), Universal Preservat Technol Inc, Semen & Embryo Preservat Lab, 11045 Roselle Str,Suite C, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RI Katkov, Igor/D-7163-2015 OI Katkov, Igor/0000-0001-9251-0494 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R24-RR13194]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD30274] NR 10 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1085-9195 J9 CELL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Cell Biochem. Biophys. PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1007/BF02738241 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 289JB UT WOS:000085616000002 PM 10736749 ER PT J AU Harland, J Engstrom, S Liburdy, R AF Harland, J Engstrom, S Liburdy, R TI Evidence for a slow time-scale of interaction for magnetic fields inhibiting tamoxifen's antiproliferative action in human breast cancer cells SO CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MCF-7; tamoxifen; magnetic fields; interaction time-scale; human breast cancer cells; cell proliferation ID FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; RADICAL-PAIR; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; MECHANISM; KINETICS; MELATONIN; DYNAMICS; MOTIONS AB One critical biophysical feature of environmental-level magnetic field (MF) interactions with biological systems is the time-scale of interaction. A recently proposed fast/slow hypothesis states that a fast mechanism can only sense the instantaneous absolute value of the ME and that a slow mechanism is potentially capable of sensing features such as frequency and relative orientation and magnitude of the field components. Here we applied the fast/slow hypothesis to a breast cancer model system: A 1.2 mu T(rms), 60-Hz field inhibits tamoxifen's (TAM's) cytostatic action in MCF-7 cells via a MF interaction. We measured the growth of MCF-7 cells treated with TAM over 7 d, within different MFs: a sinusoidal, 60-Hz, 0.2-mu T(rms) field; a sinusoidal, 60-Hz, 1.2-mu T(rms) field; and a full-wave rectified version of the 1.2-mu T(rms) sinusoidal field. A fast mechanism should not be able to distinguish between the latter two exposures. We observe that the rectified 1.2-mu T field does not inhibit TAM's action, but that the 1.2-mu T sinusoidal field does, Therefore, the 1.2-mu T MF inhibition of TAM's cytostatic action operates via a relatively slow mechanism, and we predict that there exists a biologically dynamic complex capable of sensing a 1.2-mu T, 60-Hz sinusoidal MF with an intrinsic time-scale of 17 ms or longer, the period of the 60-Hz applied field. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Jerry L Pettis Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Res Serv 151, Loma Linda, CA 92357 USA. RP Liburdy, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA07279] NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1085-9195 J9 CELL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Cell Biochem. Biophys. PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1007/BF02738244 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 289JB UT WOS:000085616000005 PM 10736752 ER PT S AU Ngo, VV Leung, KN AF Ngo, VV Leung, KN BE Munro, E TI Optics study of the MMRL system SO CHARGED PARTICLE OPTICS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Charged Particle Optics IV CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE Maskless Micro-beam Reduction lithography; ion projection lithgraphy; ion optics AB A novel IPL technique called Maskless Micro-ion-beam Reduction lithography (MMRL) is being studied for future DRAMs and microprocessors manufacturing. In addition extendible minimum feature sizes to 50 nm or less, required of next generation lithography (NLG) candidates, this MMRL system can completely eliminate the first stage of the conventional IPL system that contains the complicated beam optics design in front of the stencil mask and the mask itself. Its main components consist of a multicusp RF plasma generator, a multi-beamlet extraction system, and an accelerator column for beam reduction. The viability of this MMRL system hinges upon the successful development of these components, most importantly the proposed all-electrostatic accelerator column. This paper describes the different components of the MMRL system and its ion optics. Computational results of beam demagnification and optics optimization are also presented along with design progress of the prototype MMRL system. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ngo, VV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS5-119,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3263-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3777 BP 156 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.370126 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BP26F UT WOS:000084509300017 ER PT S AU Ji, Q King, TJ Lee, YY Leung, KN AF Ji, Q King, TJ Lee, YY Leung, KN BE Munro, E TI Compact column design for a focused ion beam lithography system SO CHARGED PARTICLE OPTICS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Charged Particle Optics IV CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE focused ion beam lithography; ion optics ID HIGH-RESOLUTION AB A focused ion beam system using a multicusp plasma ion source and an all-electrostatic accelerator column design is being investigated for maskless direct-write lithography processes. The all-electrostatic accelerator column is very compact with a total length of 3 cm. It consists of an extraction lens, a collimator aperture, a focusing lens and a deflector. Ion beam transport code IGUN and charged particle optics design software (Munro's code) are used to analyze and optimize the performance of the accelerator column. The column can accelerate an 0.1 mu A O-2(+) ion beam to about 1 keV and focus it down to 0.2 mu m spot size. Both axial and deflection aberration of the beam are investigated using the OPTICS and SOFEM packages of Munro's code. RP Ji, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3263-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3777 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.370128 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BP26F UT WOS:000084509300019 ER PT S AU Bliss, M Craig, RA Grate, JW Kaganove, SN Anheier, NC Barnett, DS AF Bliss, M Craig, RA Grate, JW Kaganove, SN Anheier, NC Barnett, DS BE Lieberman, RA TI Large-area hyphenated fiber-optic chemical sensor platforms SO CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FIBER SENSORS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, biochemical, and Environmental Fiber Sensors X CY NOV 02-03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE fiber optic; chemical sensors; iodine; spectroscopy AB The ability to collect broadband spectroscopic information about chemical analytes is highly desirable. We report on a technique that combines chemically selective coatings and optical spectroscopy. A I-meter fiber 150 mu m in diameter has approximately 5 cm(2) surface area. This entire surface is used by incorporating selective moieties into the fiber cladding. The Large-Area Chemical Sensor (LACS) concept for chemical sensing and measurement is based on a combination of three techniques. Specifically, it uses: 1) optical waveguides as the sensor substrate, 2) selectively adsorbing or absorbing materials to concentrate the target materials, and 3) spectroscopic interrogation for verification and quantification. The concept has been demonstrated for an iodine sensor by co-polymerizing methyl, phenyl siloxane into di-methyl siloxane. The phenyl group forms a charge-transfer complex with iodine which has an absorption at ca. 500 nm. Fused silica is the waveguide core. This system provides sensitivities in the 10-ppm range. The concept has been implemented into a prototype field iodine sensor unit. Work on the sensor concept continues with the goal of improving the sensitivity by allowing each photon multiple opportunities to interact with a target molecule. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bliss, M (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, MS P8-20,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bliss, Mary/G-2240-2012 OI Bliss, Mary/0000-0002-7565-4813 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3001-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3540 BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.339786 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM84Q UT WOS:000079917000013 ER PT J AU Millburn, JE Mitchell, JF Argyriou, DN AF Millburn, JE Mitchell, JF Argyriou, DN TI Extending the n=2 Ruddlesden-Popper solid solution La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 beyond x=0.5: synthesis of Mn4+-rich compounds SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; MANGANESE OXIDES; PEROVSKITE AB Reported herein are the synthesis and room temperature crystal structures of the heretofore unknown, metastable manganites La2-2xSr1 + 2xMn2O7 + delta (0.5 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.9) via high temperature (T = 1650 degrees C) quenching followed by low temperature (T = 400 degrees C) annealing to fill oxygen vacancies; this approach enables access to the electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of previously unexplored compositions in this important CMR system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mitchell, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 1999 IS 15 BP 1389 EP 1390 DI 10.1039/a902947h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 222BR UT WOS:000081763800017 ER PT J AU Martin, PM Matson, DW Bennett, WD AF Martin, PM Matson, DW Bennett, WD TI Microfabrication methods for microchannel reactors and separations systems SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE microchannel; laminated; microfabrication; microreactor; membrane AB The fabrication of a microchannel chemical solvent separation unit and a microchannel chemical reactor is described. The performance of the solvent separation unit was enhanced by improved kinetic effects resulting from short liquid/liquid contact times in the device. These effects were exploited to allow preferential extraction of solute species from a fluid waste stream. The completed unit consisted of a series of microchannels separated by micromachined metal or polyimide membranes. Channel and membrane layers were produced from individual layers of type 304 stainless steel shim. Laser micromachining, photochemical machining, and photolithographic patterning were used to fabricate the individual layers. Flow channel width, height and length was 100 mu m, 1 cm, and 8 cm respectively. The channels had an aspect ratio of 1000. The separation membranes consisted of an array of 5-mu m to 30-mu m-diameter micropores laser micromachined in polyimide or 130 mu m diameter micropores machined through the stainless steel shim using photochemical etching. Microscale catalytic and mass transfer reactions were employed by the chemical reactor to achieve high efficiency partial oxidation reactions and conversion of methane to syngas. The chemical reactor was fabricated from laminated stainless steel, and consisted of four microchannel chambers with a combustion section. The reactor successfully operated at temperatures near 900 degrees C. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Martin, PM (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,MS K3-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PY 1999 VL 173 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1080/00986449908912786 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 218DB UT WOS:000081537000014 ER PT J AU Rains, WO Counce, RM Spencer, BB AF Rains, WO Counce, RM Spencer, BB TI Application of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm to the water-nitric acid system for the determination of mean ionic activity coefficients SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nitric acid; electrolyte activity; BET isotherm ID BET MODEL AB The application of the BET model to determine ionic activity coefficients of the aqueous nitric acid system is investigated. BET parameters are determined from published data and the model is applied to predict activity coefficients up to very high concentrations. It is shown that the BET model can be used on systems where the reference state is not a regular solid crystal and which exhibit strong hydrogen bonding. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the BET model shows a good potential for application at concentrations an order of magnitude higher than previously investigated It is revealed that the most important parameter in the BET model at very high concentrations is the choice of a reference state. The focus of this ongoing study is outlined. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rains, WO (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 419 Dougherty Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PY 1999 VL 171 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1080/00986449908912755 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 193XY UT WOS:000080164100010 ER PT S AU Grate, JW Egorov, OB Bruckner-Lea, C AF Grate, JW Egorov, OB Bruckner-Lea, C BE Buttgenbach, S TI Sequential injection separation and sensing SO CHEMICAL MICROSENSORS AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Chemical Microsensors and Applications CY SEP 19-20, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE microfluidics; flow injection; sequential injection; sensing ID FLOW-INJECTION; NUCLEAR WASTE; EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; PRECONCENTRATION; ACTINIDES; COLUMN AB Automated microfluidic analysis has historically been carried out by flow injection analysis techniques. Sequential injection analysis represents a more versatile method for automated fluid handling. We have explored the use of sequential injection analysis for performing microcolumn separations. These separations can be used as part of a microanalytical procedure, or for sample preparation. In addition, with detection of retained species on the microcolumn, sequential injection separation represents a technique for sensing. Recently, it has been demonstrated that sequential injection separation can be carried out with renewable separation columns - the beads with interactive surfaces can be delivered to the microcolumn, used for processing the sample, and discarded after each measurement. Delivery of new beads for each measurement provides a method for renewable surface separation and renewable surface sensing. Applications in environmental analysis and bioanalytical chemistry will be presented. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3450-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3857 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.370272 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP26H UT WOS:000084509500008 ER PT S AU Cernosek, RW Yelton, WG Colburn, CW Anderson, LF Staton, AW Osbourn, GC Bartholomew, JW Martinez, RF Ricco, AJ Crooks, RM AF Cernosek, RW Yelton, WG Colburn, CW Anderson, LF Staton, AW Osbourn, GC Bartholomew, JW Martinez, RF Ricco, AJ Crooks, RM BE Buttgenbach, S TI Detection of volatile organics using a surface acoustic wave array system SO CHEMICAL MICROSENSORS AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Chemical Microsensors and Applications CY SEP 19-20, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE chemical sensor; SAW device; sensor array; pattern recognition; VOC detection ID CHEMICALLY SENSITIVE INTERFACES; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; SENSOR ARRAYS; FILM; DEVICES AB A chemical sensing system based on arrays of surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay lines has been developed for identification and quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The individual SAW chemical sensors consist of interdigital transducers patterned on the surface of an ST-cut quartz substrate to launch and detect the acoustic waves and a thin film coating in the SAW propagation path to perturb the acoustic wave velocity and attenuation during analyte sorption. A diverse set of material coatings gives the sensor arrays a degree of chemical sensitivity and selectivity. Materials examined for sensor application include the alkanethiol-based self-assembled monolayers, plasma-processed films, custom-synthesized conventional polymers, dendrimeric polymers, molecular recognition materials, electroplated metal thin films, and porous metal oxides. All of these materials target a specific chemical functionality and the enhancement of accessible film surface area. Since no one coating provides absolute analyte specificity, the array responses are further analyzed using a visual-empirical region-of-influence (VERI) pattern recognition algorithm. The chemical sensing system consists of a seven-element SAW array with accompanying drive and control electronics, sensor signal acquisition electronics, environmental vapor sampling hardware, and a notebook computer. Based on data gathered for individual sensor responses, greater than 93%-accurate identification can be achieved for any single analyte from a group of 17 VOCs and water. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor Res & Dev Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cernosek, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor Res & Dev Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Ricco, Antonio/0000-0002-2355-4984 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3450-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3857 BP 146 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.370282 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP26H UT WOS:000084509500017 ER PT S AU Grate, JW Wise, BM AF Grate, JW Wise, BM BE Buttgenbach, S TI Chemical information from polymer-coated acoustic wave sensor arrays SO CHEMICAL MICROSENSORS AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Chemical Microsensors and Applications CY SEP 19-20, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE sensor; acoustic wave; chemometrics; array; vapor AB The prevailing approach in the use of sensor arrays for vapor identification is that the array must be trained to recognize the vapor or vapors of interest. In this essentially empirical approach, compounds not in the training set cannot be identified. The sensor array, however, is collecting multivariate chemical information about the sample. In principle, information should be extractable from the array response to gain knowledge of the chemical properties of the sample. Polymer-coated acoustic wave sensors represent a sensor technology that is particularly well characterized in terms of the sensors' transduction mechanisms and the interactions of analyte species with the polymeric sensing layers. Examples of acoustic wave devices used in chemical sensing applications include the thickness shear mode (TSM), surface acoustic wave (SAW), and the flexural plate wave (FPW) device. Acoustic wave vapor sensors respond to any vapor that is sorbed at the sensing surface with a response that is proportional to the amount of vapor sorbed. In this paper we will demonstrate chemometric approaches that can be applied to data from a well-understood polymer-coated acoustic wave vapor sensor array to extract information about the properties of detected vapors, whether that vapor was in the training set or not. Derivation of the approach and simulation using "synthetic" data are presented. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3450-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3857 BP 170 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.370284 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP26H UT WOS:000084509500019 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Henrich, VE Casey, WH Clark, DL Eggleston, C Felmy, A Goodman, DW Gratzel, M Maciel, G McCarthy, MI Nealson, KH Sverjensky, DA Toney, MF Zachara, JM AF Brown, GE Henrich, VE Casey, WH Clark, DL Eggleston, C Felmy, A Goodman, DW Gratzel, M Maciel, G McCarthy, MI Nealson, KH Sverjensky, DA Toney, MF Zachara, JM TI Metal oxide surfaces and their interactions with aqueous solutions and microbial organisms SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; SOLID-STATE NMR; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS MR-1; LIGAND-PROMOTED DISSOLUTION; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL-THEORY; MINERAL-WATER INTERFACE C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Surface Sci Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Chim Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Theory Modeling & Simulat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Graetzel, Michael/G-4870-2011; Sverjensky, Dimitri/A-4612-2017 NR 820 TC 634 Z9 640 U1 23 U2 257 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 99 IS 1 BP 77 EP 174 DI 10.1021/cr980011z PG 98 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 173MN UT WOS:000078984500003 ER PT B AU Hughes, RC Yelton, WG Patel, SV Pfeifer, KB AF Hughes, RC Yelton, WG Patel, SV Pfeifer, KB BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI Ion-conducting polymer films as chemical sensors SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys AB Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPE) are widely used in batteries and fuel cells because of the high ionic conductivity that can be achieved at room temperature. The ions are usually Li or protons, although other ions can be shown to conduct in these polymer films. There has been very little work on using these films as chemical sensors. We have found that thin films of polymers like polyethyleneoxide (PEO) are very sensitive to low concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like common solvents. We will present impedance spectroscopy of PEO films in the frequency range 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz for different concentrations of VOCs. We find that the measurement frequency is important for distinguishing ionic conductivity from the double layer capacitance and parasitic capacitances. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hughes, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Patel, Sanjay/D-2903-2014 OI Patel, Sanjay/0000-0001-9540-9957 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100009 ER PT B AU Osbourn, GC Martinez, RF Bartholomew, JW Yelton, WG Ricco, AJ AF Osbourn, GC Martinez, RF Bartholomew, JW Yelton, WG Ricco, AJ BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI Optimizing chemical sensor array sizes SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys AB Optimal selection of array sensors for a chemical sensing application is a nontrivial task. It is commonly believed that "more is better" when choosing the number of sensors required to achieve good chemical selectivity. However, cost and system complexity issues point towards the choice of small arrays. A quantitative array optimization is carried out to explore the selectivity of arrays of partially selective chemical sensors as a function of array size. It is shown that modest numbers (dozens) of target analytes are completely distinguished with a range of array sizes. However, the array selectivity and the robustness against sensor sensitivity variability are significantly degraded if the array size is increased above a certain number of sensors, so that relatively small arrays provide the best performance. The results also suggest that data analyses for Very large arrays of partially selective sensors will be optimized by separately analyzing small sensor subsets. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Osbourn, GC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 127 EP 131 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100016 ER PT B AU Heller, EJ Hietala, VM Kottenstette, RJ Manginell, RP Matzke, CM Lewis, PR Casalnuovo, SA Frye-Mason, GC AF Heller, EJ Hietala, VM Kottenstette, RJ Manginell, RP Matzke, CM Lewis, PR Casalnuovo, SA Frye-Mason, GC BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI An integrated surface acoustic wave-based chemical microsensor array for gas-phase chemical analysis microsystems SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys AB This paper describes preliminary results in the development of an integrated surface acoustic wave (SAW) microsensor array. The array is based on a novel configuration that allows for three sensors and a phase reference. Two configurations of the integrated array are discussed: a hybrid multichip-module based on a quartz SAW sensor with GaAs microelectronics and a fully monolithic GaAs-based SAW. Preliminary data are also presented for the use of the integrated SAW array in a gasphase chemical microsystem (mu ChemLabTM) that incorporates microfabricated sample collectors and concentrators along with gas chromatograph (GC) columns. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Heller, EJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 138 EP 142 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100018 ER PT B AU Patel, SV Yelton, WG Hughes, RC AF Patel, SV Yelton, WG Hughes, RC BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI Effect of hydroxyl concentration on chemical sensitivity of polyvinyl alcohol/carbon-black composite chemiresistors SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID HUMIDITY SENSORS AB The sensitivity and selectivity of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / carbon black composite films have been found to vary depending upon the hydroxylation percentage ("-OH") of the polymer. These chemiresistors made from PVA films whose polymer backbone is 88% hydroxylated (PVA88) have a high sensitivity to water, while chemiresistors made from PVA75 have a higher sensitivity to methanol. The minor differences in polymer composition result in films with different Hildebrand solubility parameters. The relative responses of several different PVA-based chemiresistors to solvents with different solubility parameters are presented. In addition, polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) films with PVA88 are used in an array to distinguish the responses to methanol-water mixtures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Patel, SV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Patel, Sanjay/D-2903-2014 OI Patel, Sanjay/0000-0001-9540-9957 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 163 EP 167 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100023 ER PT B AU Yelton, WG Ricco, AJ Staton, AW AF Yelton, WG Ricco, AJ Staton, AW BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI Mass-transport-limited electrodeposition of high-surface-area coatings for surface acoustic wave sensor technology SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys AB The sensitivity of surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors has been enhanced by increasing the active surface area of these devices. Electrodepositions of Ni, Pd, and Pt in a mass-transport-limited mode with trace foreign metals yield highly dendritic crystal structures of uniform macroscopic thickness. The concentration of metal ions, supporting electrolyte, agitation, and additives greatly impact the crystal morphology of the deposit. This methodology can be used simply and economically to provide high-area films in selective regions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor R&D Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yelton, WG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor R&D Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100044 ER PT B AU Thundat, T Finot, E Ji, HF Dabestani, R Britt, PF Bonnesen, PV Brown, GM Warmack, RJ AF Thundat, T Finot, E Ji, HF Dabestani, R Britt, PF Bonnesen, PV Brown, GM Warmack, RJ BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI Highly selective microcantilever sensor for cesium ion detection SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID RECOGNITION AB We have developed an extremely sensitive and highly selective microcantilever sensor for detecting cesium ions. This sensor concept is based an chemically modifying microcantilevers with ion-selective self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Microcantilevers undergo bending due to molecular adsorption if the molecular adsorption is confined to a single surface of the microcantilever. This cantilever bending is due to a differential surface stress caused by the forces involved in the adsorption process. Chemical modification of the cantilevers was achieved by a SAM consisting of 1,3-alternate calix[4]-crown-6 (receptor) and two alkyl thiol side chains. It was found that this SAM coated microcantilever could detect cesium ion concentrations in the range 10(-11) - 10(-2) M. In addition, we have also demonstrated that this microcantilever can selectively respond to very small concentrations of Cs+ ions (e.g. 10(-9) M) even in the presence of high concentrations of other alkali metal ions (10(-3)M of K+). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016 OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 314 EP 319 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100046 ER EF