FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ristau, RA Barmak, K Lewis, LH Coffey, KR Howard, JK AF Ristau, RA Barmak, K Lewis, LH Coffey, KR Howard, JK TI On the relationship of high coercivity and L1(0) ordered phase in CoPt and FePt thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; HYSTERESIS AB The microstructure and the room-temperature hysteretic magnetic properties of sputtered, 10 nm thin films of equiatomic binary alloys of CoPt and FePt were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. A transformation from an atomically disordered, face-centered-cubic structure to the L1(0) ordered structure occurred during postdeposition annealing and was characterized using digital analysis of dark-field TEM images. The transformation was observed to follow first-order nucleation and growth kinetics, and the ordered volume fraction transformed was quantified at numerous points during the transformation. The ordered volume fraction was then compared to the magnetic coercivity data obtained from the SQUID magnetometer. In contrast to the relationship most commonly described in the literature, that the highest coercivity corresponds to a two phase ordered/disordered mixture, the maximum value for coercivity in this study was found to correspond to the fully ordered state. Furthermore, in samples that were less than fully ordered, a direct relationship between ordered volume fraction and coercivity was observed for both CoPt and FePt. The proposed mechanism for the high coercivity in these films is an increasing density of magnetic domain wall pinning sites concurrent with an increasing fraction of ordered phase. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)00720-3]. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. IBM Corp, Storage Syst Div, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. RP Ristau, RA (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RI Barmak, Katayun/A-9804-2008 OI Barmak, Katayun/0000-0003-0070-158X NR 28 TC 251 Z9 259 U1 10 U2 55 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 8 BP 4527 EP 4533 DI 10.1063/1.371397 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240TB UT WOS:000082840300069 ER PT J AU Streiffer, SK Basceri, C Parker, CB Lash, SE Kingon, AI AF Streiffer, SK Basceri, C Parker, CB Lash, SE Kingon, AI TI Ferroelectricity in thin films: The dielectric response of fiber-textured (BaxSr1-x)Ti1+yO3+z thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MISFIT RELAXATION MECHANISMS; RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORIES; DOMAIN CONFIGURATIONS; SRTIO3 FILMS; BA0.7SR0.3TIO3; DEPENDENCE; CAPACITORS; THICKNESS; TITANATE; CERAMICS AB We have investigated the dielectric response of a series of {100} fiber-textured (BaxSr1-x)Ti1+yO3+z samples deposited by liquid-source metalorganic chemical vapor deposition onto Pt/SiO2/Si, as a function of the two most commonly varied microstructural parameters: film thickness and Ti nonstoichiometry y. We find that the overall behavior of these samples is adequately described by mean-field, Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory as for bulk ferroelectrics. However, we quantify the impact of three separable factors for these films that greatly alter the dielectric susceptibility as a function of temperature, compared to that found for bulk ceramic samples at the same Ba/Sr ratio of 70/30: (i) Ti nonstoichiometry; (ii) the apparent interface effect; and (iii) the plane equibiaxial stress state resulting from thermal expansion mismatch strains. When these factors are properly taken into consideration, we show that these fine grained thin films behave in a manner entirely consistent with expectations based on bulk behavior. Implications can therefore be drawn concerning the nature of size effects in this ferroelectric system. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07720-8]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Streiffer, SK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 48 TC 225 Z9 228 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 8 BP 4565 EP 4575 DI 10.1063/1.371404 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240TB UT WOS:000082840300076 ER PT J AU Hwu, Y Hsieh, HH Lu, MJ Tsai, WL Lin, HM Goh, WC Lai, B Je, JH Kim, CK Noh, DY Youn, HS Tromba, G Margaritondo, G AF Hwu, Y Hsieh, HH Lu, MJ Tsai, WL Lin, HM Goh, WC Lai, B Je, JH Kim, CK Noh, DY Youn, HS Tromba, G Margaritondo, G TI Coherence-enhanced synchrotron radiology: Refraction versus diffraction mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HARD X-RAYS; CONTRAST; RESOLUTION AB Tests performed in different regimes reveal the interplay of two edge-enhancement mechanisms in radiological images taken with coherent synchrotron light. The relative weight of the two mechanisms, related to refraction and to Fresnel edge diffraction, can be changed in a controlled way. This makes it possible to obtain different images of the same object with complementary information. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)03720-2]. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Tatung Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci, Taipei 104, Taiwan. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mat Sci, Singapore 119260, Singapore. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 506712, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Hwu, Y (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008 NR 13 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 8 BP 4613 EP 4618 DI 10.1063/1.371411 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240TB UT WOS:000082840300083 ER PT J AU Costen, ML North, SW Hall, GE AF Costen, ML North, SW Hall, GE TI Vector signatures of adiabatic and diabatic dynamics in the photodissociation of ICN SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; CHANNEL SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; A-BAND PHOTODISSOCIATION; ROTATIONAL DISTRIBUTIONS; MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; FREQUENCY-MODULATION; STATE DISTRIBUTION; NM PHOTOLYSIS; CN FRAGMENT AB Nascent Doppler profiles of CN (X (2)Sigma(+)) fragments from the (A) over tilde band photodissociation of room temperature ICN have been measured using high-resolution transient frequency modulated absorption spectroscopy. Results for dissociation at 222 nm, 248 nm, 266 nm, and 308 nm are presented. From the Doppler profiles of multiple CN states, we determine branching ratios of the coincident atomic iodine states, and bipolar moments characterizing the CN velocity and angular momentum anisotropy. The measurements provide sensitive tests of the strengths of optical coupling to the excited states contributing to the A band continuum, and the adiabatic and diabatic dynamics leading to the observed product states. Precise velocity measurements resolve differences in the average energy of the ICN molecules leading to selected fragment channels. We find a bond energy for ICN of 26 980 +/- 100 cm(-1), somewhat higher than previous literature values. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)00939-3]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI North, Simon/G-5054-2012; Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013; Costen, Matthew/K-5178-2012 OI North, Simon/0000-0002-0795-796X; Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783; Costen, Matthew/0000-0002-6491-9812 NR 63 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 15 BP 6735 EP 6749 DI 10.1063/1.480041 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 244LB UT WOS:000083051600010 ER PT J AU Bluhm, H Salmeron, M AF Bluhm, H Salmeron, M TI Growth of nanometer thin ice films from water vapor studied using scanning polarization force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SURFACE; FRICTION; ANGLE; INTERFACES; MICA AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the growth and morphology of ice films on the cleavage surface of mica. Measurements performed in contact, as well as in noncontact operation modes of the microscope, allowed us to distinguish the solid and liquid parts of the film. At temperatures below -30 degrees C, supercooled water droplets formed on top of a thin (nanometer range) ice layer in contact with the substrate. After annealing, a contiguous flat film was formed. Between -20 and -10 degrees C and at a relative humidity of similar to 83%, the film consisted of a solid ice layer similar to 7 Angstrom thick, covered by a liquid-like layer 50 +/- 5 Angstrom thick. When the temperature was raised above 0 degrees C, droplets formed, which subsequently evaporated. Comparison of results obtained in the various AFM operation modes allowed us to conclude the existence of a liquid-like layer on the ice surface. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)70539-8]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bluhm, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 15 BP 6947 EP 6954 DI 10.1063/1.479987 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 244LB UT WOS:000083051600032 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Bratko, D Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM AF Wu, JZ Bratko, D Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM TI Monte Carlo simulation for the potential of mean force between ionic colloids in solutions of asymmetric salts SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER INTERACTIONS; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYERS; ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION; CHARGED MACROIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PERCUS-YEVICK; HARD-SPHERES; ELECTROLYTES; SURFACES; PROTEIN AB A new technique for Monte Carlo sampling of the hard-sphere collision force has been applied to study the interaction between a pair of spherical macroions in primitive-model electrolyte solutions with valences 1:2, 2:1, and 2:2. Macroions of the same charge can attract each other in the presence of divalent counterions, in analogy with earlier observations for planar and cylindrical geometries. The attraction is most significant at intermediate counterion concentrations. In contrast to the entropic depletion force between neutral particles, attraction between macroions is of energetic origin. The entropic contribution to the potential of mean force is generally repulsive at conditions corresponding to aqueous colloids with or without salt. For systems with divalent counterions, the potentials of mean force predicted by mean-field approximations like the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory or the Sogami-Ise (SI) theory are qualitatively different from those observed in the simulations. However, for systems with monovalent counterions, predictions of DLVO theory are in fair agreement with simulation results. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)50639-9]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Jianzhong/I-5164-2013; OI Wu, Jianzhong/0000-0002-4582-5941 NR 59 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 15 BP 7084 EP 7094 DI 10.1063/1.480000 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 244LB UT WOS:000083051600048 ER PT J AU Marcotte, EM Pellegrini, M Yeates, TO Eisenberg, D AF Marcotte, EM Pellegrini, M Yeates, TO Eisenberg, D TI A census of protein repeats SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE duplication; protein evolution; genomic analysis; minisatellite; microsatellite ID SEQUENCES; GENE; DNA; EVOLUTION; BACTERIAL; FREQUENCY; ARCHAEAL; DISEASE; GENOMES; COMMON AB In this study, we analyzed all known protein sequences for repeating amino acid segments. Although duplicated sequence segments occur in 14% of all proteins, eukaryotic proteins are three times more likely to have internal repeats than prokaryotic proteins. After clustering the repetitive sequence segments into families, we find repeats from eukaryotic proteins have little similarity with prokaryotic repeats, suggesting most repeats arose after the prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages diverged. Consequently, protein classes with the highest incidence of repetitive sequences perform functions unique to eukaryotes. The frequency distribution of the repeating units shows only weak length dependence, implicating recombination rather than duplex melting or DNA hairpin formation as the limiting mechanism underlying repeat formation. The mechanism favors additional repeats once an initial duplication has been incorporated. Finally, we show that repetitive sequences are favored that contain small and relatively water-soluble residues. We propose that error-prone repeat expansion allows repetitive proteins to evolve more quickly than non-repeat-containing proteins. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, US DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, US DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, POB 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Yeates, Todd/0000-0001-5709-9839 NR 29 TC 220 Z9 232 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 293 IS 1 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3136 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 247TL UT WOS:000083236000014 PM 10512723 ER PT J AU Cort, JR Koonin, EV Bash, PA Kennedy, MA AF Cort, JR Koonin, EV Bash, PA Kennedy, MA TI A phylogenetic approach to target selection for structural genomics: solution structure of YciH SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RNA-BINDING DOMAIN; RESONANCE ASSIGNMENTS; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEX-LETHAL; NMR; SEQUENCE; C-13; H-1 AB Structural genomics presents an enormous challenge with up to 100 000 protein targets in the human genome alone. At current rates of structure determination, judicious selection of targets is neccessary. Here, a phylogenetic approach to target selection is described which makes use of the National Center for Biotechnology Information database of Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGS). The strategy is designed so that each new protein structure is likely to provide novel sequence-fold information. To demonstrate this approach, the NMR solution structure of YciH (COG0023), a putative translation initiation factor from Escherichia coli, has been determined and its fold classified. YciH is an ortholog of eIF-1/SUI1, an integral component of the translation initiation complex in eukaryotes, The structure consists of two antiparallel alpha-helices packed against the same side of a five-stranded beta-sheet. The first 31 residues of the 11.5 kDa protein are unstructured in solution. Comparative analysis indicates that the folded portion of YciH resembles a number of structures with the alpha-beta plait topology, though its sequence is not homologous to any of them. Thus, the phylogenetic approach to target selection described here was used successfully to identify a new homologous superfamily within this topology. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Kennedy, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 50 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 27 IS 20 BP 4018 EP 4027 DI 10.1093/nar/27.20.4018 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 247BU UT WOS:000083201400009 PM 10497266 ER PT J AU Drobyshev, AL Zasedatelev, AS Yershov, GM Mirzabekov, AD AF Drobyshev, AL Zasedatelev, AS Yershov, GM Mirzabekov, AD TI Massive parallel analysis of DNA-Hoechst 33258 binding specificity with a generic oligodeoxyribonucleotide microchip SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROCHIPS; MINOR-GROOVE; LIGANDS AB A generic oligodeoxyribonucleotide microchip was used to determine the sequence specificity of Hoechst 33258 binding to double-stranded DNA, The generic microchip contained 4096 oxctadeoxynucleotides in which all possible 4(6) = 4096 hexadeoxy-nucleotide sequences are flanked on both the 3'- and 5'-ends with equimolar mixtures of four bases. The microchip was manufactured by chemical immobilization of presynthesized 8mers within polyacrylamide gel pads. A selected set of immobilized 8mers was converted to double-stranded form by hybridization with a mixture of fluorescently labeled complementary 8mers. Massive parallel measurements of melting curves were carried out for the majority of 2080 6mer duplexes, in both the absence and presence of the Hoechst dye. The sequence-specific affinity for Hoechst 33258 was calculated as the increase in melting temperature caused by ligand binding, The dye exhibited specificity for A:T but not G:C base pairs. The affinity is low for two A:T base pairs, increases significantly for three, and reaches a plateau for four A:T base pairs. The relative ligand affinity for all trinucleotide and tetranucleotide sequences (A/T)(3) and (A/T)(4) was estimated. The free energy of dye binding to several duplexes was calculated from the equilibrium melting curves of the duplexes formed on the oligonucleotide microchips. This method can be used as a general approach for massive screening of the sequence specificity of DNA-binding compounds. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Engelhardt Inst Mol Biol, Joint Human Genome Program, Moscow 117984, Russia. RP Mirzabekov, AD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 27 IS 20 BP 4100 EP 4105 DI 10.1093/nar/27.20.4100 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 247BU UT WOS:000083201400019 PM 10497276 ER PT J AU Lee, BI Shannon, M Stubbs, L Wilson, DM AF Lee, BI Shannon, M Stubbs, L Wilson, DM TI Expression specificity of the mouse exonuclease 1 (mExo1) gene SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE RAD1(+); SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE EXO1; MISMATCH REPAIR; COMPARATIVE MAP; DNA-DAMAGE; MSH5 GENE; RECOMBINATION; MUTATION; MEIOSIS AB Genetic recombination involves either the homologous exchange of nearly identical chromosome regions or the direct alignment, annealing and ligation of processed DNA ends. These mechanisms are involved in repairing potentially lethal or mutagenic DNA damage and generating genetic diversity within the meiotic cell population and antibody repertoire. We report here the identification of a mouse gene, termed mExo1 for mouse exonuclease 1, which encodes a similar to 92 kDa protein that shares homology to proteins of the RAD2 nuclease family, most notably human 5' to 3' exonuclease Hex1/hExo1, yeast exonuclease 1 (Exo1) proteins and Drosophila melanogaster Tosca, The mExo1 gene maps to distal chromosome 1, consistent with the recent mapping of the orthologous HEX1/hEXO1 gene to chromosome 1q42-q43. mExo1 is expressed prominently in testis, an area of active homologous recombination, and spleen, a prominent lymphoid tissue. An increased level of mExo1 mRNA was observed during a stage of testis development where cells that are actively involved in meiotic recombination arise first and represent a significant proportion of the germ cell population. Comparative evaluation of the expression patterns of the human and mouse genes, combined with previous biochemical and yeast genetic studies, indicate that the Exo1-like proteins are important contributors to chromosome processing during mammalian DNA repair and recombination. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol & Struct Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wilson, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol & Struct Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 27 IS 20 BP 4114 EP 4120 DI 10.1093/nar/27.20.4114 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 247BU UT WOS:000083201400021 PM 10497278 ER PT J AU Omenetto, FG Luce, BP Yarotski, D Taylor, AJ AF Omenetto, FG Luce, BP Yarotski, D Taylor, AJ TI Observation of chirped soliton dynamics at lambda=1.55 mu m in a single-mode optical fiber with frequency-resolved optical gating SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present an experimental observation of the dynamics of an initially chirped optical soliton at 1.55 mu m that is propagating through a single-mode optical fiber, using frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG). FROG permits observation of both the amplitude and the phase profiles of ultrashort pulses, providing complete information on the pulse evolution. The features that are detected, which include what is believed to be the first experimental observation of phase slips, are in quantitative agreement with numerical simulations that employ the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 060.5530, 060.7140, 320.7100, 320.7140, 320.5550. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Omenetto, FG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Yarotski, Dmitry/G-4568-2010 NR 7 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 20 BP 1392 EP 1394 DI 10.1364/OL.24.001392 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 245FY UT WOS:000083096600004 PM 18079812 ER PT J AU Smolsky, IL Voloshin, AE Zaitseva, NP Rudneva, EB Klapper, H AF Smolsky, IL Voloshin, AE Zaitseva, NP Rudneva, EB Klapper, H TI X-ray topographic study of striation formation in layer growth of crystals from solutions SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE striation; growth steps; rapid crystal growth; lattice parameter variation; X-ray topography ID RAPID GROWTH; FACE; DISLOCATIONS; ADP; KDP AB The Lang X-ray topography method and double-crystal plane-wave X-ray topography combined with image treatment have been used to study the zonal inhomogeneity formation during crystal growth from solutions. It is shown that striation formation in crystals can be caused not only by the variations of the external growth conditions, but also by the action of some 'internal' factors such as the variations in the dislocation structure of the crystal and modification of the growth-step distribution on the growing faces. The homogeneity of rapidly grown KDP crystals (10-16 mm d(-1)) was quantitatively evaluated with accuracy of ca. 10(-7) Angstrom. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Crystallog, Moscow 117333, Russia. Univ Bonn, Mineral Petrol Inst & Museum, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RP Smolsky, IL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 357 IS 1761 BP 2631 EP 2649 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253UA UT WOS:000083573100002 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZB Rek, ZU Bilello, JC AF Zhao, ZB Rek, ZU Bilello, JC TI Observation of the adhesion of thin Ta polycrystalline films to Si wafers via in situ topography/radiography SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE X-ray topography; radiography; synchrotron radiation; transmission; Laue; polycrystalline thin films; adhesion ID RAY AB The adhesion of thin polycrystalline metallic Ta films to Si wafer substrates was studied in situ under real-time conditions using white-beam synchrotron Laue transmission diffraction topography with simultaneous radiographic imaging. The observations were carried out using a newly developed experimental apparatus, which consisted of a computer-controlled mini-tensile stage, an 800 degrees C ancillary furnace, and a CCD X-ray imaging system. The stress and imaging data were collected simultaneously via a video recorder and also at selected intervals by frame-grabbing/storage technology on a microcomputer. This allowed direct correlation between the stress, temperature and film-failure processes. The results for sputtered Ta polycrystalline thin films deposited onto Si wafers indicated that induced stresses led to buckling delaminations along well-defined directions. These observations can be readily extended to study a variety of film-adhesion and cycle-failure problems. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Nanomat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Zhao, ZB (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Nanomat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 357 IS 1761 BP 2681 EP 2688 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253UA UT WOS:000083573100006 ER PT J AU Guvenilir, A Breunig, TM Kinney, JH Stock, SR AF Guvenilir, A Breunig, TM Kinney, JH Stock, SR TI New direct observations of crack closure processes in Al-Li 2090 T8E41 SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE aluminium; crack closure; fatigue; X-ray computed tomography; crackface geometry ID RAY TOMOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY; LITHIUM ALLOY 2090; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; LOAD; PROPAGATION; AL-LI-2090; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH AB Earlier, crack opening as a function of position within an optically opaque notched tensile sample (NT-3) of Al-Li 2090 was reported for four loads by Guvenilir and co-workers; these measurements were made with high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. This paper reports the same type of results for a second notched tensile sample (NT-4): the authors believe this to be the second sample whose crack closure was quantified as a function of position. The crack within NT-4, was found to be more planar than, and to close differently to, that in NT-3. in NT-4, the crack 'zipped' shut from the tip; this is in contrast to the earlier results on the asperity-dominated crack in NT-3, where contact occurred primarily behind the open crack tip. During unloading of NT-4, the crack faces came into contact above the closure load defined by the intersection of tangent lines to the upper and lower portions of the load-deflection curve; this is similar to previous observations in sample NT-3. Estimates of d alpha/dN as a function of Delta K for samples NT-3 and NT-4 agree with others' measurements, which suggests that the closure observations of this paper also apply to compact tension samples of Al-Li 2090. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Mech Properties Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Guvenilir, A (reprint author), Motorola Inc, Yield Enhancement Technol Transfer, 3501 Ed Bluestein Blvd, Austin, TX 78721 USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 357 IS 1761 BP 2755 EP 2775 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253UA UT WOS:000083573100013 ER PT J AU Hashizume, H Miya, S Tanaka, T Ishimatsu, N Yamaguchi, Y Hosoito, N Sakuma, A Srajer, G AF Hashizume, H Miya, S Tanaka, T Ishimatsu, N Yamaguchi, Y Hosoito, N Sakuma, A Srajer, G TI Internal magnetic roughness in an iron-gadolinium multilayer SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE magnetic roughness; Fe-Gd multilayer; internal magnetic interface; charge-magnetic correlation length; X-ray diffuse scattering; resonant X-ray magnetic scattering ID X-RAY; SCATTERING AB The q(z)-dependent sign of the X-ray charge-magnetic interference diffuse scattering observed from an Fe-Gd multilayer is found to be due to rough internal magnetic interfaces in the Gd layers. The internal magnetic roughness is correlated with the charge roughness of the Fe-Gd interface. Born-approximation calculations using a fractal interface model show that the internal and. Fe-Gd interfaces have similar magnetic roughness, as evidenced by the similar in-plane cut-off lengths of charge-magnetic height-height correlation functions. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji 6110011, Japan. Hitachi Metals Ltd, Magnet & Eletron Mat Res Lab, Kumagaya 3600843, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hashizume, H (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 357 IS 1761 BP 2817 EP 2825 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253UA UT WOS:000083573100017 ER PT J AU de Reotier, PD Yaouanc, A van der Laan, G Kernavanois, N Sanchez, JP Smith, JL Hiess, A Huxley, A Rogalev, A AF de Reotier, PD Yaouanc, A van der Laan, G Kernavanois, N Sanchez, JP Smith, JL Hiess, A Huxley, A Rogalev, A TI Probing the magnetic 5f density of states above the Fermi level in metallic uranium compounds by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUM-RULES; ABSORPTION; UPD2AL3; EDGES AB We present x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements performed at the uranium M-4,M-5 edges of the heavy-fermion superconductors UBe13 and UPt3. Unexpectedly, the dichroic signal at the MS edge exhibits a double-lobe structure, comprised of a positive and negative peak. Therefore, out of the eight metallic uranium compounds so far investigated by XMCD, five exhibit a single-lobe and three a double-lobe structure at the Mg edge. The existence of this structure points to the importance of the influence of the hybridization, Coulomb and exchange, and crystal-field interactions. The observed line shape can be used to access the magnetic character of the j = 7/2 level of the empty 5f density of states. [S0163-1829(99)03039-6]. C1 CEA, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. SERC, Daresbury Lab, Magnet Spect Grp, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38043 Grenoble, France. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP de Reotier, PD (reprint author), CEA, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. RI van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015 OI van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 15 BP 10606 EP 10609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10606 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 251CT UT WOS:000083427600012 ER PT J AU Terborg, R Hoeft, JT Polcik, M Lindsay, R Schaff, O Bradshaw, AM Toomes, R Booth, NA Woodruff, DP Rotenberg, E Denlinger, J AF Terborg, R Hoeft, JT Polcik, M Lindsay, R Schaff, O Bradshaw, AM Toomes, R Booth, NA Woodruff, DP Rotenberg, E Denlinger, J TI Structural precursor to adsorbate-induced reconstruction: C on Ni(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SURFACE STRESS; PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; LEED AB The local structure around adsorbed carbon atoms on Ni(100) has been determined at low coverage as well as in the 0.5 monolayer (2 x 2)p4g ''clock'' reconstruction by scanned energy mode photoelectron diffraction. At low coverage, there is no radial strain of the Ni atoms surrounding the adsorbed carbon, contrary to previous suggestions. None of the C-Ni near-neighbor distances are changed by reconstruction, but the Ni-Ni nearest-neighbor distance in the top layer increases significantly, showing that the adsorbate-induced compressive stress is associated with Ni-Ni, rather than Ni-C, repulsion. [S0163-1829(99)01739-7]. C1 Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Terborg, R (reprint author), Fritz Haber Inst, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 15 BP 10715 EP 10718 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10715 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 251CT UT WOS:000083427600040 ER PT J AU Kostyrko, T Bartkowiak, M Mahan, GD AF Kostyrko, T Bartkowiak, M Mahan, GD TI Localization in carbon nanotubes within a tight-binding model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; SCATTERING; WIRES AB We analyze the influence of defects on conductance, density of states, and localization in (N-a, N-a) armchair carbon nanotubes within a tight-binding model. Using the transfer-matrix method, we calculate the reflection (related to the conductance) from a sequence of defects and relate its energy dependence near the Fermi level to the appearance of a quasibound state. This state is also seen in the density of states and in the energy dependence of the quasiparticle lifetime. We compute the localization length xi(w) as a function of energy w. Comparison of xi(0) with the mean free path l(mfp) in the limit of small defect concentration c and small defect strength E leads to a simple approximate relation xi(0) approximate to 3l(mfp) = 3 x 3 aN(a)t(2) / 2cE(2) (t - hopping integral, a - lattice constant). [S0163-1829(99)12939-4]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Inst Phys, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. RP Kostyrko, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 15 BP 10735 EP 10738 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10735 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 251CT UT WOS:000083427600045 ER PT J AU Ridgway, MC Yu, KM Glover, CJ Foran, GJ Clerc, C Hansen, JL Larsen, AN AF Ridgway, MC Yu, KM Glover, CJ Foran, GJ Clerc, C Hansen, JL Larsen, AN TI Composition-dependent bond lengths in crystalline and amorphized GexSi1-x alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; RANDOM SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; AMORPHOUS-GERMANIUM; SI1-XGEX ALLOYS; SIXGE1-X ALLOYS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; EXAFS ANALYSIS; RELAXATION; MISMATCH AB Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure has been utilized to measure the composition dependence of the Ge-Ge and Ge-Si bond lengths in both crystalline and amorphous GexSi1-x alloys. Utilizing a new sample preparation technique, transmission measurements were performed over greater ranges of photoelectron momentum and composition and with lesser uncertainty than previously reported. As a consequence, the proposed increase in bond length as a function of Ge composition has been unambiguously verified for the crystalline GexSi1-x alloys. For amorphous material, experimental results were also consistent with a bond length composition dependence and a phase-independent topological rigidity parameter. Though of greater uncertainty, the experimental values of Ge-Si bond length exhibited a lesser composition dependence than the Ge-Ge results. [S0163-1829(99)08339-3]. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, CNRS, Orsay, France. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Ridgway, MC (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Dept Elect Mat Engn, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 15 BP 10831 EP 10836 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10831 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 251CT UT WOS:000083427600061 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ AF Feibelman, PJ TI First-principles step- and kink-formation energies on Cu(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABINITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SELF-DIFFUSION; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PT(111); METALS; SIMULATION; TRANSITION; SURFACES; GROWTH AB In rough agreement with experimental values derived from Cu-island shapes vs temperature, ab initio calculations yield formation energies of 0.27 and 0.26 eV/step-edge atom for (100)- and (111)-microfacet steps on Cu(111), and 0.09 and 0.12 eV per kink in those steps. Comparison to ab initio results for Al and Pt shows that as a rule, the average formation energy of straight steps on a close-packed metal surface equals similar to 7% of the metal's cohesive energy. [S0163-1829(99)04639-1]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 15 BP 11118 EP 11122 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.11118 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 251CT UT WOS:000083427600098 ER PT J AU Mattila, T Wei, SH Zunger, A AF Mattila, T Wei, SH Zunger, A TI Localization and anticrossing of electron levels in GaAs1-xNx alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GAASN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAN AB The electronic structure in nitrogen-poor GaAs1-xNx alloys is investigated using a plane-wave pseudopotential method and large supercells. Our calculations give a detailed description of the complex perturbation of the lowest conduction band states induced by nitrogen substitution in GaAs. The two principal physical effects are (i) a resonant impurity state a(1)(N) above the a(1)(Gamma(1c)) conduction band minimum (important at "impurity" concentrations, x similar to 10(17) cm(-3)) and (ii) the creation of a(1)(L-1c), and a(1)(X-1c) states due to the splitting of the degenerate L-1c and X-1c GaAs levels (important at alloy concentrations, x similar to 1% or similar to 10(21) cm(-3)). We show how the interaction of a(1)(N), a(1)(Gamma(1c)), a(1)(L-1c), and a(1)(X-1c) provides a microscopic explanation for the origin of the experimentally observed anomalous alloy phenomena. [S0163-1829(99)50440-2]. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 22 TC 191 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 16 BP 11245 EP 11248 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 253KB UT WOS:000083554800002 ER PT J AU Osterbacka, R Wohlgenannt, M Chinn, D Vardeny, ZV AF Osterbacka, R Wohlgenannt, M Chinn, D Vardeny, ZV TI Optical studies of triplet excitations in poly(p-phenylene vinylene) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PI-CONJUGATED POLYMERS; EXCITON GENERATION; STATES; POLYDIACETYLENE; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; PHENYLENE; OLIGOMERS; SPECTRUM; MODEL AB We have studied energy states in the triplet manifold in films of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) using a multitude of optical spectroscopies including photoinduced absorption, photoluminescence, their optically detected magnetic resonances, as well as their photogeneration action spectra. We found that singlet fission into two triplets with opposite spins is an efficient route for triplet generation in PPV, similar in strength to the intersystem crossing process. From the threshold energy for singlet fission we deduced that the lowest-lying, odd-parity triplet excitonic state, 1(3)B(u), is located at 1.55 eV from the ground state, which is about 0.9 eV lower than the lowest-lying, odd-parity singlet state 1(1)B(u). [S0163-1829(99)50224-5]. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Abo Akad Univ, Dept Phys, FIN-20500 Turku, Finland. Grad Sch Mat Res, Turku, Finland. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Osterbacka, R (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys, 114 S 1400 E,Room 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM rosterba@abo.fi RI Osterbacka, Ronald/I-9161-2012 OI Osterbacka, Ronald/0000-0003-0656-2592 NR 33 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 16 BP 11253 EP 11256 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 253KB UT WOS:000083554800004 ER PT J AU Akola, J Manninen, M Hakkinen, H Landman, U Li, X Wang, LS AF Akola, J Manninen, M Hakkinen, H Landman, U Li, X Wang, LS TI Photoelectron spectra of aluminum cluster anions: Temperature effects and ab initio simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CU-N(-) CLUSTERS AB Photoelectron (PES) spectra from aluminum cluster anions, Al-n(-) (12 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 15), at various temperature regimes, were studied using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and experimentally. The calculated PES spectra, obtained via shifting of the simulated electronic densities of states by the self-consistently determined values of the asymptotic exchange-correlation potential, agree well with the measured ones, allowing reliable structural assignments and theoretical estimation of the clusters' temperatures. [S0163-1829(99)51640-8]. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Akola, J (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RI Akola, Jaakko/L-6076-2013 OI Akola, Jaakko/0000-0001-9037-7095 NR 14 TC 169 Z9 169 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 16 BP 11297 EP 11300 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 253KB UT WOS:000083554800015 ER PT J AU Pesola, M von Boehm, J Mattila, T Nieminen, RM AF Pesola, M von Boehm, J Mattila, T Nieminen, RM TI Computational study of interstitial oxygen and vacancy-oxygen complexes in silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CZOCHRALSKI-GROWN SILICON; THERMAL DONORS; POINT-DEFECTS; AB-INITIO; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; IRRADIATED SILICON; CORE STRUCTURE; TRIPLET-STATE; GROUND-STATE; SPIN-DENSITY AB The formation and binding energies, the ionization levels, the structures, and the local vibrations of O-i, O-2i, O-3i, VO, VO2, and V2O (V = vacancy) in silicon are calculated using a self-consistent total-energy pseudopotential method. The most important results are as follows: The ionization levels and associated structures are given for VO and V2O as well as the local vibration modes for the negative charge states of VO. The experimental frequency of O-i at 517 cm(-1) is associated tentatively with an oxygen-induced silicon mode of weakly interacting O-i's. We find two competing structures for O-2i : the staggered configuration and the skewed O-i-Si-Si-O-i configuration with the binding energies of 0.2 and 0.1 eV, respectively. The experimental frequencies of O-2i at 1060, 1012, 690, and 556 cm(-1) are found to originate from the staggered O-2i The experimental frequency of O-2i at 1105 cm(-1) is found to originate from the skewed O-i-Si-Si-O-i configuration of O-2i. The calculated effects of pressure on the structures and local vibration frequencies (Gruneisen parameters) of O-i and O-2i are presented. [S0163-1829(99)06535-2]. C1 Aalto Univ, Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. Aalto Univ, LTAM, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Aalto Univ, Phys Lab, POB 1100, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. EM Marko.Pesola@hut.fi; Juhani.Boehm@hut.fi; tomi_mattila@nrel.gov; Risto.Nieminen@hut.fi RI Nieminen, Risto/I-5573-2012 OI Nieminen, Risto/0000-0002-1032-2711 NR 85 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 16 BP 11449 EP 11463 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.11449 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 253KB UT WOS:000083554800036 ER PT J AU Moon, JS Blount, MA Simmons, JA Wendt, JR Lyo, SK Reno, JL AF Moon, JS Blount, MA Simmons, JA Wendt, JR Lyo, SK Reno, JL TI Magnetoresistance of one-dimensional subbands in tunnel-coupled double quantum wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; INTERLAYER CHARGE-TRANSFER; BOUNDARY SCATTERING; DEVICES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; STATES; WELLS AB We study the low-temperature in-plane magnetoresistance of tunnel-coupled quasi-one-dimensional quantum wires. The wires are defined by two pairs of mutually aligned split gates on opposite sides of a less than or equal to 1-mu m-thick AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs double-quantum-well heterostructure, allowing independent control of the width of each quantum well. In the ballistic regime, when both wires are defined and the field is perpendicular to the current, a large resistance peak at similar to 6 T is observed with a strong gate voltage dependence. The data are consistent with a counting model whereby the number of subbands crossing the Fermi level changes with field due to the formation of an anticrossing in each pair of one-dimensional subbands. [S0163-1829(99)00540-8]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Moon, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 16 BP 11530 EP 11534 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.11530 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 253KB UT WOS:000083554800046 ER PT J AU Xu, SH Yang, Y Keeffe, M Lapeyre, GJ Rotenberg, E AF Xu, SH Yang, Y Keeffe, M Lapeyre, GJ Rotenberg, E TI High-resolution photoemission study of acetylene adsorption and reaction with the Si(100)-2x1 surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SI(001) SURFACE; CORE-LEVEL; DECOMPOSITION; GROWTH; GE AB The adsorption and reaction of acetylene with the Si(100)-2X1 surface has been studied using high-resolution photoemission by monitoring the Si 2p, C 1s, and valence-band (VB) spectra as a function of both acetylene coverage and post-adsorption annealing temperature. After the clean Si(100) surface is exposed to 0.5 monolayer (ML) acetylene, the surface state in the VB is absent. Meanwhile, the curve-fitting results show that there is only one interface component in the Si 2p core level. These results indicate that the asymmetric Si dimers may become symmetric dimers after acetylene adsorption, which can be explained well by the tetra-sigma model determined from our previous photoelectron holographic results. Significant changes in the electronic structure (Si 2p, C 1s, and VB) are found after subsequent annealing of the saturation overlayer, Annealing at lower temperature can induce some acetylene molecule desorption while most of the molecules decompose into C2Hx (x= 1,0) and H species. After annealing above 660 degrees C, both of the reacted components of the Si 2p and C Is lines show that the SiC species form clustertike features. At the same time, the VB and Si 2p spectra indicate a restoration of a Si(100)-2X1 structure, and the asymmetric Si dimers reappear on the surface. [S0163-1829(99)02040-8]. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, SH (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM shihong@gemini.oscs.montana.edu RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844 NR 26 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 16 BP 11586 EP 11592 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.11586 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 253KB UT WOS:000083554800056 ER PT J AU Hardman, PJ Wincott, PL Thornton, G Kaduwela, AP Fadley, CS AF Hardman, PJ Wincott, PL Thornton, G Kaduwela, AP Fadley, CS TI X-ray photoelectron diffraction and Auger electron diffraction from TiO2(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; SCATTERING; GEOMETRY; ENERGY; GROWTH; OXIDE; ADSORPTION; MODEL; SITES AB Full-hemispherical x-ray photoelectron (Ti2p/O1s) and x-ray stimulated Auger electron (TiL3M23M23/O KVV) intensity distributions have been measured from TiO2(100)1 x 1 at relatively high-angular resolution (+/- 1.8 degrees). The results are compared with theoretical calculations using a multipole R-factor analysis. Multiple scattering up to fifth order and a slab thickness of similar to 16 Angstrom are needed to obtain optimum agreement with experimental photoelectron distributions. We also investigate the contribution of the final state wave function in the Auger-electron diffraction patterns and show that it is possible to determine the symmetry of the final state angular momenta for oxides such as TiO2. Both the x-ray photoelectron diffraction and the x-ray stimulated Auger intensity distributions are found to be insensitive to details of the surface structure. [S0163-1829(99)03531-6]. C1 Univ Manchester, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thornton, G (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. OI Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 16 BP 11700 EP 11706 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.11700 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 253KB UT WOS:000083554800071 ER PT J AU Hanson, DE Kress, JD Voter, AF Liu, XY AF Hanson, DE Kress, JD Voter, AF Liu, XY TI Trapping and desorption of energetic Cu atoms on Cu(111) and (001) surfaces at grazing incidence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SKIPPING MOTION; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; BEAMS AB Molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of Cu atoms impacting both Cu(111) and (001) surfaces at grazing incidence have been performed to study trapping (or surface skipping), desorption, and energy dissipation. An energetic Cu atom (10 less than or equal to E less than or equal to 100 eV) can become trapped by the mean attractive potential above the surface, oscillating normal to the surface. While in this trapped state, it can traverse hundreds of A as it dissipates energy to the surface. Until the atom either desorbs or comes to rest, it experiences an energy loss, that is piecewise linear in time, typically comprised of two or more linear regions. In each region, the energy loss rate, nE/dt, is approximately constant. The process can be characterized by two parameters: the desorption probability at each oscillation and an average energy loss rate (per oscillation) that is independent of energy. These parameter values are the same for both the (111) and (001) surfaces. A phenomenological model based on these parameters is presented, and the predictions of sticking probability, average energy transfer to the surface, and total distance traveled, agree with full MD simulations. The dependence of the desorption probability on the surface temperature was also studied. [S0163-1829(99)01339-9]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Motorola Inc, Computat Mat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanson, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Voter, Arthur/0000-0001-9788-7194 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 16 BP 11723 EP 11729 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.11723 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 253KB UT WOS:000083554800074 ER PT J AU Guimaraes, TC Pavao, AC Taft, CA Lester, WA AF Guimaraes, TC Pavao, AC Taft, CA Lester, WA TI Dissociation of N-2 on chromium alloys: A general mechanism for dissociation of diatomic molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; TRANSITION-METAL SURFACES; CO INTERACTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; 3D-METAL SURFACES; CR(110) SURFACE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ADSORPTION; COADSORPTION; PROMOTION AB In this work we use ab initio Hartree-Fock effective core potentials to analyze N-2 dissociation on doped (bimetallic) Cr (110) surfaces described by Cr4MN2 and Cr3M2N2 (M = Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ca) clusters in both perpendicular and inclined configurations. Our results indicate that the inclined state is energetically more favorable than the perpendicular configuration. In comparison with monometallic surfaces, some of the bimetallic systems, such as Cr4ScN2, Cr4TiN2, and Cr3V2N2, are found to have larger N-N distances, surface-->N-2 charge transfers, higher Fermi energies, and smaller N-N stretching frequencies, indicating greater efficiency of these alloys for dissociation. The theoretical parameters obtained from these bimetallic catalytic systems are interpreted using a general mechanism proposed for dissociation of diatomic molecules on transition metal surfaces. [S0163-1829(99)02639-9]. C1 Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Quim Fundamental, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Dept Mat Condensada & Fis Estat, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guimaraes, TC (reprint author), Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Quim Fundamental, Cidade Univ, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil. RI Pavao, Antonio/I-8002-2014 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 16 BP 11789 EP 11794 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.11789 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 253KB UT WOS:000083554800084 ER PT J AU Fluegel, B Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Geisz, JF Olson, JM Duda, A AF Fluegel, B Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Geisz, JF Olson, JM Duda, A TI Crystal anisotropy and spin-polarized photoluminescence of ordered GaxIn1-xP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LUMINESCENCE; GAINP2 AB Two-color up-conversion time-resolved photoluminescence and time-resolved absorption are used to study spin relaxation of near-resonant heavy-hole excitons in spontaneously ordered GaxIn1-xP. The photoluminescence anisotropy is studied as a function of crystal direction, revealing a strong dependence on the right orientation with respect to the ordering axis. The maximum observed polarization is 0.8, and indicates that the polarization is near unity shortly after excitation. The carrier spin-relaxation time is 150 ps. [S0163-1829(99)50940-5]. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Fluegel, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 16 BP R11261 EP R11264 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.R11261 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 253KB UT WOS:000083554800006 ER PT J AU Dalvit, DAR Mazzitelli, FD AF Dalvit, DAR Mazzitelli, FD TI Quantum corrected geodesics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE SCENARIO; GRAVITY; FLUCTUATIONS; PERTURBATIONS; SPACETIME; EQUATIONS AB We compute the graviton-induced corrections to the trajectory of a classical test particle. We show that the motion of the test particle is governed by an effective action given by the expectation value (with respect to the graviton state) of the classical action. We analyze the quantum corrected equations of motion for the test particle in two particular backgrounds: a Robertson Walker spacetime and a (2 + 1)-dimensional spacetime with rotational symmetry. In both cases we show that the quantum corrected trajectory is not a geodesic of the background metric. [S0556-2821(99)09118-3]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis JJ Giambiagi, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Dalvit, DAR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dalvit@lanl.gov; fmazzi@df.uba.ar NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 8 AR 084018 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 247BN UT WOS:000083200900037 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H AF Davoudiasl, H TI gamma gamma ->gamma gamma as a test of weak scale quantum gravity at the NLC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONS; MILLIMETER; COLLIDERS AB Recently, it has been proposed that the fundamental scale of quantum gravity can be close to the weak scale if there are large extra dimensions. This proposal has important phenomenological implications for processes at the TeV scale. We study the process gamma gamma -->gamma gamma, assuming an ultraviolet cutoff Ms similar to 1 TeV for the effective gravity theory. We find that, at the center of mass energies root s similar to 1 TeV, the contribution of gravitationally mediated scattering to the cross section is comparable to that coming from the one-loop Feynman diagrams of the standard model. We thus conclude that the effects of weak scale quantum gravity can be studied at the Next Linear Collider (NLC), in the photon collider mode. Our results suggest that, for typical proposed NLC energies and luminosities, the range 1 TeV less than or similar to M-S less than or similar to 10 TeV can be probed. [S0556-2821(99)06618-7]. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM hooman@slac.stanford.edu NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 8 AR 084022 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.084022 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 247BN UT WOS:000083200900041 ER PT J AU Hall, LJ Smith, D AF Hall, LJ Smith, D TI Cosmological constraints on theories with large extra dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MILLIMETER AB In theories with large extra dimensions, constraints from cosmology lead to nontrivial lower bounds on the gravitational scale M, corresponding to upper bounds on the radii of the compact extra dimensions. These constraints are especially relevant to the case of two extra dimensions, since only if M is 10 TeV or less do deviations from the standard gravitational force law become evident at distances accessible to planned submillimeter gravity experiments. By examining the graviton decay contribution to the cosmic diffuse gamma radiation, we derive, for the case of two extra dimensions, a conservative bound M > 110 TeV, corresponding to r(2) < 5.1 x 10(-5) mm, well beyond the reach of these experiments. We also consider the constraint coming from graviton overclosure of the universe and derive an independent bound M > 6.5/root h TeV or r(2) < 0.015h mm. [S0556-2821(99)05918-4]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hall, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 196 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 8 AR 085008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.085008 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 247BN UT WOS:000083200900053 ER PT J AU Huterer, D Turner, MS AF Huterer, D Turner, MS TI Prospects for probing the dark energy via supernova distance measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID STRING-DOMINATED UNIVERSE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; MODELS; COMPONENT AB Distance measurements to type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) indicate that the Universe is accelerating and that two-thirds of the critical energy density exists in a dark-energy component with negative pressure. Distance measurements to SNe Ia can be used to distinguish between different possibilities for the dark energy, and if it is an evolving scalar field, to reconstruct the scalar-field potential. We derive the reconstruction equations and address the feasibility of this approach by Monte Carlo simulation. [S0556-2821(99)50118-5]. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Huterer, D (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 28 TC 225 Z9 225 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 8 AR 081301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.081301 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 247BN UT WOS:000083200900001 ER PT J AU Marronetti, P Mathews, GJ Wilson, JR AF Marronetti, P Mathews, GJ Wilson, JR TI Irrotational binary neutron stars in quasiequilibrium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM CONFIGURATIONS; RELATIVISTIC FORMALISM; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; COLLAPSE; STABILITY; SYSTEMS; MODELS; ORBIT AB We report on numerical results from an independent formalism to describe the quasiequilibrium structure of nonsynchronous binary neutron stars in general relativity. This is an important independent test of controversial numerical hydrodynamic simulations which suggested that nonsynchronous neutron stars in a close binary can experience compression prior to the last stable circular orbit. We show that, for compact enough stars, the interior density increases slightly as irrotational binary neutron stars approach their last orbits. The magnitude of the effect, however, is much smaller than that reported in previous hydrodynamic simulations. [S0556-2821(99)06318-3]. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Marronetti, P (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 26 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 8 AR 087301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.087301 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 247BN UT WOS:000083200900058 ER PT J AU Masso, E Toldra, R AF Masso, E Toldra, R TI Photon spectrum produced by the late decay of a cosmic neutrino background SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER PROBLEM; MASSIVE OBJECTS; SN 1987A; LIMITS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CONVERSION; PARTICLE; UNIVERSE; BOUNDS AB We obtain the photon spect;um induced by a cosmic background of unstable neutrinos. We study the spectrum in a variety of cosmological scenarios and also we allow for the neutrinos having a momentum distribution (only a critical matter dominated universe and neutrinos at rest have been considered until now). Our results can be helpful when extracting bounds on neutrino electric and magnetic moments from cosmic photon background observations: [S0556-2821(99)00118-6]. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Grp Fis Teor, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Masso, E (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Grp Fis Teor, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 8 AR 083503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.083503 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 247BN UT WOS:000083200900010 ER PT J AU van de Lagemaat, J Vanmaekelbergh, D Kelly, JJ AF van de Lagemaat, J Vanmaekelbergh, D Kelly, JJ TI Electrochemistry of homoepitaxial CVD diamond: energetics and electrode kinetics in aqueous electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE semiconductor electrochemistry; charge transfer kinetics; diamond; large bandgap semiconductors ID POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN-FILMS; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ION TRANSFER-REACTIONS; SEMICONDUCTOR DIAMOND; IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; DEFECT STRUCTURE; REDOX REACTIONS; AFFINITY; GROWTH AB The electrochemical properties of highly doped p-type single crystalline diamond electrodes (100 and 110 oriented) in aqueous electrolytes were investigated. The interfacial capacitance obeys the Mott-Schottky relationship in a considerable potential range and can be assigned to a depletion layer in the diamond. The energetic position of the valence band edge is about 4 and 2 V versus SHE for (100) and (110) oriented diamond respectively. Oxygen and hydrogen evolution occur at large overpotentials (1 V) in agreement with previous results reported for polycrystalline diamond. Interestingly, with reversible redox systems, metal-type redox kinetics around the equilibrium potential are observed. The mechanism of electron exchange between the valence band of diamond and simple redox systems was investigated in detail using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A quantitative model is proposed, that assumes that electron exchange is mediated by bandgap states. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utrecht, Debye Res Inst, Dept Condensed Matter, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP van de Lagemaat, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Bld, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012; Vanmaekelbergh, Daniel/G-2104-2010; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 NR 46 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD OCT 14 PY 1999 VL 475 IS 2 BP 139 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(99)00344-7 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 328ZE UT WOS:000087881000005 ER PT J AU Barkigia, KM Nelson, NY Renner, MW Smith, KM Fajer, J AF Barkigia, KM Nelson, NY Renner, MW Smith, KM Fajer, J TI Structural consequences of spin conversion in a sterically encumbered Ni(II) porphyrin SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR STEREOCHEMISTRY; METALLOPORPHYRINS; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION AB The crystal structure of a pyridine-ligated, high-spin Ni(II) complex of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,15-bis(isopropyl)-10,20-bis(isopropylidenyl) porphyrin, 2, is reported and compared to the unligated, levy-spin Ni(II) complex, 1, previously reported. The results demonstrate that conversion to high-spin Ni(II) in nonplanar, sterically encumbered porphyrins induces a significant core expansion about the Ni while nonplanarity is still retained. The expansion of the core parameters (Ni-N, Ct-C alpha, Ct-Cmeso) and the Ni-N-axial distances are characteristic of the d(x2-y2) and d(z2) orbital occupancies in high-spin Ni(II) porphyrins and document the structural consequences of the spin conversion in severely nonplanar NI(II) porphyrins. The stereochemical results are particularly relevant to ligation effects in nonplanar Ni biomolecules and synthetic porphyrins increasingly used as biomimetic models of conformational effects in chromophores and prosthetic groups in vivo, and to the remarkably wide range of lifetimes observed for excited (d,d) states in nonplanar, sterically constrained Ni(II) porphyrins in which the d(x2-y2) and d(z2) orbitals are also populated. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Fajer, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Smith, Kevin/G-1453-2011 OI Smith, Kevin/0000-0002-6736-4779 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 14 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 41 BP 8643 EP 8646 DI 10.1021/jp992508y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 250EF UT WOS:000083375500002 ER PT J AU Bautista, JA Connors, RE Raju, BB Hiller, RG Sharples, FP Gosztola, D Wasielewski, MR Frank, HA AF Bautista, JA Connors, RE Raju, BB Hiller, RG Sharples, FP Gosztola, D Wasielewski, MR Frank, HA TI Excited state properties of peridinin: Observation of a solvent dependence of the lowest excited singlet state lifetime and spectral behavior unique among carotenoids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID POLYENE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CHLOROPHYLL-A-PROTEIN; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND; DYNAMICS; FUCOXANTHIN; ABSORPTION; COMPLEXES AB The spectroscopic properties and dynamic behavior of peridinin in several different solvents were studied by steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and transient optical spectroscopy. The lifetime of the lowest excited singlet state of peridinin is found to be strongly dependent on solvent polarity and ranges from 7 ps in the strongly polar solvent trifluoroethanol to 172 ps in the nonpolar solvents cyclohexane and benzene. The lifetimes show no obvious correlation with solvent polarizability, and hydrogen bonding of the solvent molecules to peridinin is not an important factor in determining the dynamic behavior of the lowest excited singlet state. The wavelengths of emission maxima, the quantum yields of fluorescence, and the transient absorption spectra are also affected by the solvent environment. A model consistent with the data and supported by preliminary semiempirical calculations invokes the presence of a charge transfer state in the excited state manifold of peridinin to account for the observations. The charge transfer state most probably results from the presence of the lactone ring in the pi-electron conjugation of peridinin analogous to previous findings on aminocoumarins and related compounds. The behavior of peridinin reported here is highly unusual for carotenoids, which generally show little dependence of the spectral properties and lifetimes of the lowest excited singlet state on the solvent environment. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Frank, HA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, U-60, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379 NR 37 TC 150 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 14 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 41 BP 8751 EP 8758 DI 10.1021/jp9916135 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 250EF UT WOS:000083375500019 ER PT J AU Martin, RL AF Martin, RL TI Hydrogen exchange between hydride and methyl ligands in [Cp*Os(dmpm)(CH3)H+] SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID C-H BOND; REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION; ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES; MECHANISM; METHANE; IRIDIUM; PT(II); ALKYL C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martin, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MSB268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 13 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 40 BP 9459 EP 9460 DI 10.1021/ja990924q PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 246LZ UT WOS:000083166400027 ER PT J AU Lubkowski, J Dauter, Z Yang, F Alexandratos, J Merkel, G Skalka, AM Wlodawer, A AF Lubkowski, J Dauter, Z Yang, F Alexandratos, J Merkel, G Skalka, AM Wlodawer, A TI Atomic resolution structures of the core domain of avian sarcoma virus integrase and its D64N mutant SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HIV-1 INTEGRASE; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; ACTIVE-SITE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; DIVALENT-CATIONS; PROTEIN; REFINEMENT; SIMILARITY; BINDING AB Six crystal structures of the core domain of integrase (IN) from avian sarcoma virus (ASV) and its active-site derivative containing an Asp64 --> Asn substitution have been solved at atomic resolution ranging 1.02-1.42 Angstrom. The high-quality data provide new structural information about the active site of the enzyme and clarify previous inconsistencies in the description of this fragment. The very high resolution of the data and excellent quality of the refined models explain the dynamic properties of IN and the multiple conformations of its disordered residues. They also allow an accurate description of the solvent structure and help to locate other molecules bound to the enzyme. A detailed analysis of the flexible active-site region, in particular the loop formed by residues 144-154, suggests conformational changes which may be associated with substrate binding and enzymatic activity. The pH-dependent conformational changes of the active-site loop correlates with the pH vs activity profile observed for ASV IN. C1 NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, ABL Basic Res Program, Macromol Struct Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Inst Canc Res, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. RP Wlodawer, A (reprint author), NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, ABL Basic Res Program, Macromol Struct Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-06927, CA-47486] NR 39 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 12 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 41 BP 13512 EP 13522 DI 10.1021/bi991362q PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 250MC UT WOS:000083391300008 PM 10521258 ER PT J AU Bolvig, S Hansen, PE Wemmer, D Williams, P AF Bolvig, S Hansen, PE Wemmer, D Williams, P TI Deuterium isotope effects on O-17 chemical shifts of intramolecularly hydrogen bonded systems SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE O-17 chemical shifts; isotope effects on chemical shifts; (5)Delta O-17(OD); intramolecular hydrogen bonding ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ACYL AROMATICS; C-13; NMR; PROTON; N-15; ENOL; DERIVATIVES; GEOMETRIES; ALDEHYDES AB Deuterium isotope effects on O-17 chemical shifts are studied in a series of intramolecularly hydrogen bonded o-hydroxy acyl aromatics and beta-diketones. Geometries and chemical shifts are calculated using DFT ab initio methods, Relationships between hydrogen bond strength represented as either R-O ... O, RO-H or R-O ... H, and the experimental parameters, (5)Delta(17)O(OD) and delta(17)O are demonstrated for non-tautomeric compounds. These plots do also provide a method for establishing tautomerism in new compounds. (5)Delta(17)O(OD) as well as delta(17)O are found to be dominated by hydrogen bonding in terms of RO-H or R-O ... H distances and not influenced very much by the R-O ... O distance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Roskilde Univ, Dept Chem & Life Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Tritium Labelling Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roskilde Univ, Dept Chem & Life Sci, POB 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM poulerik@virgil.ruc.dk NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 EI 1872-8014 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD OCT 12 PY 1999 VL 509 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0022-2860(99)00219-7 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 252RY UT WOS:000083517100015 ER PT J AU Golumbfskie, AJ Pande, VS Chakraborty, AK AF Golumbfskie, AJ Pande, VS Chakraborty, AK TI Simulation of biomimetic recognition between polymers and surfaces SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RANDOM HETEROPOLYMERS; DISORDERED SURFACES; MONTE-CARLO; PROTEIN; ADSORPTION; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; BINDING AB Many biological processes, such as transmembrane signaling and pathogen-host interactions, are initiated by a protein recognizing a specific pattern of binding sites on part of a membrane or cell surface. By recognition, we imply that the polymer quickly finds and then adsorbs strongly on the pattern-matched region and not on others. The development of synthetic systems that can mimic such recognition between polymers and surfaces could have significant impact on advanced applications such as the development of sensors, molecular-scale separation processes, and synthetic viral inhibition agents. Attempting to affect recognition in synthetic systems by copying the detailed chemistries to which nature has been led over millenia of evolution does not seem practical for most applications. This leads us to the following question: Are there any universal strategies that can affect recognition between polymers and surfaces'! Such generic strategies may be easier to implement in abiotic applications. We describe results that suggest that biomimetic recognition between synthetic polymers and surfaces is possible;by exploiting certain generic strategies, and we elucidate the kinetic mechanisms by which this occurs. Our results suggest convenient model systems for experimental studies of dynamics in free energy landscapes characteristic of frustrated systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chakraborty, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 12 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 21 BP 11707 EP 11712 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.21.11707 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 246MD UT WOS:000083166800007 PM 10518514 ER PT J AU Dinh, LN Hayes, S Saw, CK McLean, W Balooch, M Reimer, JA AF Dinh, LN Hayes, S Saw, CK McLean, W Balooch, M Reimer, JA TI GaAs nanostructures and films deposited by a Cu-vapor laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ABLATION; WIRES AB The properties of GaAs nanoclusters and films deposited on substrates by a Cu-vapor laser were investigated. Nanoclusters of GaAs were produced by laser ablating a GaAs target in an Ar background gas. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed that these GaAs nanoclusters had randomly oriented crystalline cores and As-rich amorphous oxide outer shells. These clusters assembled, upon vacuum annealing, along step edges and at defects on substrates to form wire-like structures. Our results also showed that GaAs films, when deposited in vacuum, did not have crystalline cores and were rich in As. Postdeposition annealing in vacuum to between 400 and 500 degrees C drove off the excess As. The stoichiometry of the films was confirmed by both Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)02441-9]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dinh, LN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Hayes, Sophia/C-1075-2008 OI Hayes, Sophia/0000-0002-2809-6193 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 15 BP 2208 EP 2210 DI 10.1063/1.124966 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 244KK UT WOS:000083050200016 ER PT J AU Gao, HJ Kumar, D Cho, KG Holloway, PH Singh, RK Fan, XD Yan, Y Pennycook, SJ AF Gao, HJ Kumar, D Cho, KG Holloway, PH Singh, RK Fan, XD Yan, Y Pennycook, SJ TI Epitaxial growth of Y2O3 : Eu thin films on LaAlO3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM-OXIDE; SILICON; LUMINESCENCE; PHOSPHORS AB We report the epitaxial growth of europium-activated yttrium oxide (Y2O3:Eu) (001) thin films on LaAlO3 (001) using laser ablation deposition at a substrate temperature of 775 degrees C and 10 Hz pulse repetition rate. The orientation relationship between the films and the substrates is [110]Y(2)O(3)parallel to[100]LaAlO3 and [-110]Y(2)O(3)parallel to[010]LaAlO3 which results in a lattice mismatch of only 0.8%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the films reveals the single crystalline Y2O3:Eu thin film to contain small pores. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging of the films shows the substrate always terminates with the Al sublattice. Moreover, the STEM reveals that no precipitates of Eu had formed in the films. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)05441-8]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gao, HJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 15 BP 2223 EP 2225 DI 10.1063/1.124971 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 244KK UT WOS:000083050200021 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Mancini, DC Rosenberg, RA AF Ma, Q Mancini, DC Rosenberg, RA TI Synchrotron-radiation-induced anisotropic wet etching of GaAs SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; N-TYPE GAN AB A room-temperature photoenhanced chemical wet etching process for n-type GaAs using x rays from a synchrotron radiation source is described. HNO3:H2O was used as the etching solution. This process produces smoothly etched surfaces on n-GaAs with a root-mean-square surface roughness of 0.7-2.0 nm, which compares favorably to the unetched surface roughness (0.4 nm). Dependence of the etching rate on x-ray intensity and energy, solution concentration, and semiconductor doping type are reported. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)04441-1]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 15 BP 2274 EP 2276 DI 10.1063/1.124988 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 244KK UT WOS:000083050200038 ER PT J AU Nakakura, CY Hetherington, DL Shaneyfelt, MR Shea, PJ Erickson, AN AF Nakakura, CY Hetherington, DL Shaneyfelt, MR Shea, PJ Erickson, AN TI Observation of metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor operation using scanning capacitance microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) images of a working p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (P-MOSFET) during device operation. Independent bias voltages were applied to the source/gate/drain/well regions of the MOSFET during SCM imaging, and the effect of these voltages on the SCM images is discussed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03241-6]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Digital Instruments, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP Nakakura, CY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 15 BP 2319 EP 2321 DI 10.1063/1.125002 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 244KK UT WOS:000083050200053 ER PT J AU Gratz, E Goremychkin, E Latroche, M Hilscher, G Rotter, M Muller, H Lindbaum, A Michor, H Paul-Boncour, V Fernandez-Diaz, T AF Gratz, E Goremychkin, E Latroche, M Hilscher, G Rotter, M Muller, H Lindbaum, A Michor, H Paul-Boncour, V Fernandez-Diaz, T TI New magnetic phenomena in TbNi2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting to Mark the Retirement of Professor William Frank Vinen from the Poynting Chair in the School of Physics and Astronomy CY MAY 29, 1998 CL BIRMINGHAM NIV, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND HO BIRMINGHAM NIV ID RARE-EARTH AB Structural investigations at room temperature revealed that TbNi2 does not crystallize in the Laves phase structure, but shows a superstructure of the Laves phase with the space group F-43m. Susceptibility, specific heat, magnetostriction and magnetoresistance measurements on polycrystalline specimens showed an additional magnetic phase transition at T-R = 14 K below the Curie temperature of T-C = 36 +/- 0.2 K. In order to clarify the nature of this magnetic phase transition at 14 K, elastic neutron diffraction below and above T-R and Te was performed. The analysis of these data showed that this transition at T-R is due to the rotation of the Tb moments on three of the total of eight non-equivalent Tb sites in the rhombohedrally distorted unit cell in the magnetic ordered state. This rotation of these Tb moments is out of the [1111] direction into a plane perpendicular to the space diagonal. The cause for this magnetic instability is due to an interplay of the regularly arranged vacancies in the superstructure and the crystal field level position which has been studied by inelastic neutron scattering. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Expt Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CNRS, LCMTR, UPR 209, F-94320 Thiais, France. ILL, Grenoble, France. RP Gratz, E (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Expt Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RI LATROCHE, MICHEL/L-6254-2014; OI LATROCHE, MICHEL/0000-0002-8677-8280; Michor, Herwig/0000-0003-1642-5946 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 40 BP 7893 EP 7905 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/11/40/314 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246CV UT WOS:000083147000019 ER PT J AU Jeon, D Danilov, VV Galambos, JD Holmes, JA Olsen, DK AF Jeon, D Danilov, VV Galambos, JD Holmes, JA Olsen, DK TI SNS accumulator ring collimator optimization with beam dynamics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE collimator; halo; intense beam; ring ID CHARGE DOMINATED BEAMS; HALO FORMATION AB It is required to have an uncontrolled beam loss less than 1 nA/m at 1 GeV energy for hands-on maintenance of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Accumulator Ring. Collimators will be used for this end. Various beam dynamics questions related with the collimators have been studied. Various factors are optimized with the given ring lattice and error study is done. Numerical simulations also indicate that movable shielding is necessary for a few hot places downstream of the primary collimator. These simulations indicate that with properly designed collimators the uncontrolled beam-loss requirements of the SNS accumulator ring may be achievable. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jeon, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Bldg MS-8218,104 Union Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Jeon, Dong-O/S-2137-2016 OI Jeon, Dong-O/0000-0001-6482-5878 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 3 BP 308 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00567-7 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 243CX UT WOS:000082980400004 ER PT J AU Back, CH King, F Collet, G Kirby, R Field, C AF Back, CH King, F Collet, G Kirby, R Field, C TI A novel wire scanner for high-intensity pulsed beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE beam profile; wire scanner; silicon; membrane ID LINEAR COLLIDERS; SLC AB A novel wire scanner has been developed with applications at linear accelerators where small beam spots or high intensities would otherwise destroy wires. A pattern of wires is supported on a thin membrane and remains in place even when punctured by the beam. Many scans can be made before the material needs to be replaced. Tests of the principle have been carried out at the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAG. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Field, C (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349,Mail Stop 65, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Back, Christian/A-8969-2012 OI Back, Christian/0000-0003-3840-0993 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 3 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00568-9 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 243CX UT WOS:000082980400005 ER PT J AU Crawford, AC Nagaitsev, S Sharapa, A Shemyakin, A AF Crawford, AC Nagaitsev, S Sharapa, A Shemyakin, A TI Pelletron-based MeV-range electron beam recirculation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE accelerator; electron beam; recirculation; electron cooling ID COLLECTOR AB In this paper we describe the successful recirculation of a DC electron beam art energies 1-1.5 MeV and currents up to 0.7 A with typical relative losses of 5-20 x 10(-6). Currents of 200 mA were maintained for periods of up to five hours without a single breakdown. We found that the aperture-limiting diaphragm in the gun anode significantly increased the stability of the recirculation. We also found that the stability depended strongly on vacuum pressure in the beamline. The performance of the collector with transverse magnetic fields was found to be adequate for beam currents up to 0.6 A, which is in agreement with our low-energy bench test results. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Nagaitsev, S (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 3 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00574-4 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 243CX UT WOS:000082980400007 ER PT J AU Beringer, J Borer, K Mommsen, RK Nickerson, RB Weidberg, AR Monnier, E Hou, HQ Lear, KL AF Beringer, J Borer, K Mommsen, RK Nickerson, RB Weidberg, AR Monnier, E Hou, HQ Lear, KL TI Radiation hardness and lifetime studies of LEDs and VCSELs for the optical readout of the ATLAS SCT SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE radiation hardness; LED; VCSEL; optoelectronics; NIEL; LHC ID INDUCED DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; GAAS PARTICLE DETECTORS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; SILICON; IRRADIATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEVICES; LINK AB We study the radiation hardness and the lifetime of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser diodes (VCSELs) in the context of the development of the optical readout for the ATLAS SemiConductor Tracker (SCT) at LHC. About 170 LEDs from two different manufacturers and about 130 VCSELs were irradiated with neutron and proton fluences equivalent to (and in some cases more than twice as high as) the combined neutral and charged particle fluence of about 5 x 10(14) n (1 MeV eq. in GaAs)/cm(2) expected in the ATLAS inner detector. We report on the radiation damage and the conditions required for its partial annealing under forward bias, we calculate radiation damage constants, and we present post-irradiation failure rates for LEDs and VCSELs. The lifetime after irradiation was investigated by operating the diodes at an elevated temperature of 50 degrees C for several months, resulting in operating times corresponding to up to 70 years of operation in the ATLAS SCT. From our results we estimate the signal-to-noise ratio and the failure rate of optical links using LEDs developed specifically for application at LHC. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Aix Marseille 2, F-13284 Marseille 07, France. Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, IN2P3, Marseille, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beringer, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Nat Sci 2,1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 3 BP 375 EP 392 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00570-7 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 243CX UT WOS:000082980400010 ER PT J AU Liang, JF Shapira, D Beene, JR Bierman, JD Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Gross, CJ Halbert, ML Harding, TJ Macnab, AID McNeal, SP Varner, RL Zhao, K AF Liang, JF Shapira, D Beene, JR Bierman, JD Galindo-Uribarri, A del Campo, JG Gross, CJ Halbert, ML Harding, TJ Macnab, AID McNeal, SP Varner, RL Zhao, K TI Detection of fusion residues produced by inverse kinematic reactions using a gas-filled split-pole spectrograph SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE heavy-ion reactions; position sensitive detector; avalanche counter AB A focal plane detector has been constructed for detecting fusion residues in a gas-filled Enge split-pole spectrograph. It provides position, timing and energy for particle identification. With a timing channel plate detector in the target chamber, the particle time-of-flight can be measured. This detector system is particularly suitable for studying fusion-evaporation reactions in inverse kinematics. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gonzaga Univ, Phys Dept AD51, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Evergreen State Coll, Dept Phys, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Dept Nucl Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Liang, JF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 3 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00660-9 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 243CX UT WOS:000082980400011 ER PT J AU Aerts, S Kwiat, P Larsson, JA Zukowski, M AF Aerts, S Kwiat, P Larsson, JA Zukowski, M TI Two-photon Franson-type experiments and local realism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BELL-INEQUALITY EXPERIMENT; POLARIZATION CORRELATIONS; HIGH-VISIBILITY; CONVERSION; TIME; INTERFERENCE; VIOLATION; RELIABILITY; THEOREM; ENERGY AB The two-photon interferometric experiment proposed by J.D. Franson [Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2205 (1989)] is often treated as a "Bell test of local realism." However, it has been suggested that this is incorrect due to the 50% postselection performed even in the ideal gedanken version of the experiment. Here we present a simple local hidden variable model of the experiment that successfully explains the results obtained in usual realizations of the experiment, even with perfect detectors. Furthermore, we also show that there is no such model if the switching of the local phase settings is done at a rate determined by the internal geometry of the interferometer's. C1 Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Linkoping Univ, Inst Matemat, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Univ Gdansk, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Aerts, S (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Triomflaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RI Larsson, Jan-Ake/C-2636-2008; OI Larsson, Jan-Ake/0000-0002-1082-8325; Zukowski, Marek/0000-0001-7882-7962 NR 21 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 15 BP 2872 EP 2875 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2872 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244FP UT WOS:000083041400002 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Akimov, V Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Baden, A Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Baringer, P Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, H Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chekulaev, SV Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Coppage, D Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Gobbi, B Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Green, JA Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, J Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Ito, AS Jerger, SA Jesik, R Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Leflat, A Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Martin, RD Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P Mostafa, M da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Parashar, N Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Reay, NW Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Toback, D Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Varelas, N Varnes, EW Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Wood, DR Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yip, K Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhang, B Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zielinski, H Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abbott, B Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Akimov, V Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Baden, A Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Baringer, P Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, H Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chekulaev, SV Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Coppage, D Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Gobbi, B Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Green, JA Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, J Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Ito, AS Jerger, SA Jesik, R Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Leflat, A Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Martin, RD Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P Mostafa, M da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Parashar, N Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Reay, NW Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Toback, D Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Varelas, N Varnes, EW Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Wood, DR Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yip, K Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhang, B Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zielinski, H Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA DO Collaboration TI Search for second generation leptoquark pairs decaying to mu nu plus jets in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report on a search for second generation leptoquarks (LQ) produced in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV using the DO detector at Fermilab. Second generation leptoquarks are assumed to be produced in pairs and to decay to either mu. or nu and either a strange or a charm quark (q). Limits an placed on sigma(p (p) over bar --> LQ<(LQ)over bar> --> mu nu + jets) as a function of the mass of the leptoquark. For equal branching ratios to mu q and nu q, second generation scalar leptoquarks with a mass below 160 GeV/c(2), vector leptoquarks with anomalous minimal vector couplings with a mass below 240 GeV/c(2), and vector leptoquarks with Yang-Mills couplings with a mass below 290 GeV/c(2), are excluded at the 95% confidence level. C1 NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Sci Nucl, Grenoble, France. CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai, India. Kyungsung Univ, Pusan 608736, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015 OI Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 15 BP 2896 EP 2901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2896 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244FP UT WOS:000083041400008 ER PT J AU Ambrogiani, M Argiro, S Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Dalpiaz, P Fan, X Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, KE Hahn, A Jin, S Kasper, J Lasio, G Lo Vetere, M Luppi, E Maas, P Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Marsh, W Martini, M Menichetti, E Mussa, R Obertino, MM Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pedlar, TK Peoples, J Pordes, S Robutti, E Rosen, J Rumerio, P Santroni, A Savrie, M Schultz, J Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Streets, J Tomaradze, A Werkema, S Zioulas, G AF Ambrogiani, M Argiro, S Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Dalpiaz, P Fan, X Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, KE Hahn, A Jin, S Kasper, J Lasio, G Lo Vetere, M Luppi, E Maas, P Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Marsh, W Martini, M Menichetti, E Mussa, R Obertino, MM Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pedlar, TK Peoples, J Pordes, S Robutti, E Rosen, J Rumerio, P Santroni, A Savrie, M Schultz, J Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Streets, J Tomaradze, A Werkema, S Zioulas, G CA E835 Collaboration TI Study of the chi(c0)(1(3)P(0)) state of charmonium formed in (p)over-barp annihilations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P-WAVE QUARKONIUM; DECAYS; J/PSI; QCD; FERMILAB AB The resonance parameters of chi(c0) the 1(3)P(0) resonance of charmonium, have been measured at the Fermilab Antiproton Accumulator by means of the reaction (p) over bar p --> chi(c0) --> gamma J/psi --> gamma(e(+)e(-)). The results are M(chi(c0)) = 3417.4(-1.9)(+1.8) +/- 0.2 MeV/c(2), Gamma(chi(c0)) = 16.6(-3.7)(+5.2) +/- 0.1 MeV, and Gamma(chi(c0) --> (p) over bar p) x B(chi(c0) --> J/psi gamma) x B(J/psi --> e(+)e(-)) = 2.89(-0.53)(+0.67) +/- 0.14 eV. Using known branching ratios we also obtain Gamma(chi(c0) --> (p) over bar p) = 8.0(-1.5)(-1.9)(+1.9)(+3.5) keV. These results are discussed in relation to the other chi(cJ) states and to theoretical predictions. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Ambrogiani, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RI Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012 OI Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 15 BP 2902 EP 2905 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244FP UT WOS:000083041400009 ER PT J AU Benage, JF Shanahan, WR Murillo, MS AF Benage, JF Shanahan, WR Murillo, MS TI Electrical resistivity measurements of hot dense aluminum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE METAL; PLASMAS; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; HYDROGEN; DWARFS AB Electrical transport properties of dense aluminum are measured in the disordered liquidlike phase using a well-tamped, thermally equilibrated, exploding wire z pinch. Direct measurements of the electrical conductivity have been made using voltage and current measurements. Our measurements span the minimum conductivity regime, at higher densities than have been produced previously. We find that some Ziman-like theoretical predictions are in fair agreement with the data and one Ziman-like theoretical approach is in good agreement, in contrast to other experiments performed in similar regimes which indicate poor agreement with such theories. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Xray & Hydrodynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Plasma Phys Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Benage, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Xray & Hydrodynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 15 BP 2953 EP 2956 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2953 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244FP UT WOS:000083041400022 ER PT J AU Kramer, GJ Cheng, CZ Fu, GY Kusama, Y Nazikian, R Ozeki, T Tobita, K AF Kramer, GJ Cheng, CZ Fu, GY Kusama, Y Nazikian, R Ozeki, T Tobita, K TI Frequency chirping of core-localized toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes and their coupling to global Alfven eigenmodes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; TFTR AB The fast frequency change or chirping of core-localized toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (C-TAE), excited before giant sawteeth during ion cyclotron resonance heating, has been investigated. The chirping can be accounted for by small changes of the central q profile. When the C-TAE crosses the frequency of a global TAE (G-TAE) a small frequency gap was found. These gaps can be attributed to mode coupling between the C-TAE and a G-TAE which is observed for the first time. The coupling and the frequency gaps are consistent with linear TAE mode coupling. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kramer, GJ (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 15 BP 2961 EP 2964 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2961 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244FP UT WOS:000083041400024 ER PT J AU Kirkwood, RK Montgomery, DS Afeyan, BB Moody, JD MacGowan, BJ Joshi, C Wharton, KB Glenzer, SH Williams, EA Young, PE Kruer, WL Estabrook, KG Berger, RL AF Kirkwood, RK Montgomery, DS Afeyan, BB Moody, JD MacGowan, BJ Joshi, C Wharton, KB Glenzer, SH Williams, EA Young, PE Kruer, WL Estabrook, KG Berger, RL TI Observation of the nonlinear saturation of Langmuir waves driven by ponderomotive force in a large scale plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; THOMSON SCATTERING; HOHLRAUM PLASMAS; ELECTRON-PLASMA; LASER-LIGHT; INSTABILITY; COMPETITION; EXCITATION AB We report the observation of nonlinear saturation of Langmuir waves produced by a probe laser beam interacting with a high intensity pumping laser beam. Amplification of the probe beam is observed and interpreted as scattering of pump energy by a Langmuir wave that is produced by the beating of the two beams. It is found that, as the probe beam amplitude is increased, the scattering and Langmuir wave amplitude do not increase proportionally, demonstrating that the wave is nonlinearly saturated consistent with saturation by secondary-ion-wave instabilities. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polymath Res Inc, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Kirkwood, RK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Montgomery, David/0000-0002-2355-6242 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 15 BP 2965 EP 2968 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2965 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244FP UT WOS:000083041400025 ER PT J AU Hassam, AB Kulsrud, RM Goldston, RJ Ji, H Yamada, M AF Hassam, AB Kulsrud, RM Goldston, RJ Ji, H Yamada, M TI Steady state thermoelectric field-reversed configurations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB It is shown that the cross-field thermoelectric force of magnetized plasmas can maintain field-reversed configurations against resistive diffusion, resulting in a steady state device attractive for thermonuclear fusion. If a peaked radial temperature profile is maintained, the thermoelectric force is in the opposite direction to the usual resistive friction, thus maintaining the field configuration. The field maintenance is tantamount to dynamo action, operating even in two dimensions. We show that a steady state device can be made by simply heating the O-point: no external electric fields or particle sources are needed. The feasibility of this scheme for fusion is discussed. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hassam, AB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Plasma Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 15 BP 2969 EP 2972 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2969 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244FP UT WOS:000083041400026 ER PT J AU Gurevich, A Vinokur, VM AF Gurevich, A Vinokur, VM TI Nonlinear electrodynamics of randomly inhomogeneous superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; CU-O CRYSTALS; CURRENT FLOW; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; DEFECTS AB We investigate the effect of macroscopic inhomogeneities on nonlinear transport properties of type-II superconductors and develop an effective medium theory to derive general relations between the global and local currents and electric fields. We show that even weak inhomogeneities with [delta J(c)(2)] << J(c)(2) can qualitatively change nonlinear transport characteristics (here delta J(c) denotes fluctuations of the critical current density J(c)), causing a nonmonotonic magnetic field dependence of the global averaged (J) over bar(c)(B), even if the local J(c)(B) decreases with B. We predict a superconducting Gunn effect, for which inhomogeneities can give rise to negative differential conductivity, bistability, and electric field domains. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gurevich, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Gurevich, Alex/A-4327-2008 OI Gurevich, Alex/0000-0003-0759-8941 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 15 BP 3037 EP 3040 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3037 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244FP UT WOS:000083041400043 ER PT J AU Sandvik, AW AF Sandvik, AW TI Multichain mean-field theory of quasi-one-dimensional quantum spin systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATION EXPONENTS; HEISENBERG CHAIN; GROUND-STATE; ANTIFERROMAGNET; SR2CUO3; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; NMR AB A multichain mean-field theory is developed and applied to a two-dimensional system of weakly coupled S = 1/2 Heisenberg chains. The environment of a chain C-0 is modeled by a number of neighboring chains C-delta, delta = +/-1,..., +/-n, with the edge chains C+/-n coupled to a staggered field. Using a quantum Monte Carlo method, the effective (2n + 1)-chain Hamiltonian is solved self-consistently for n UP to 4. The results an compared with simulation results for the original Hamiltonian on large rectangular lattices. Both methods show that the staggered magnetization M for small interchain couplings alpha behaves as M similar to root alpha enhanced by a multiplicative logarithmic correction. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sandvik, AW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Sandvik, Anders/0000-0002-5638-4619 NR 30 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 15 BP 3069 EP 3072 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3069 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244FP UT WOS:000083041400051 ER PT J AU Qian, YZ Vogel, P Wasserburg, GJ AF Qian, YZ Vogel, P Wasserburg, GJ TI Probing r-process production of nuclei beyond Bi-209 with gamma rays SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : theory; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances supernova remnants; supernovae : general ID DIVERSE SUPERNOVA SOURCES; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; METAL-POOR; CS-22892-052; ABUNDANCES; ELEMENTS; SOLAR; STARS AB We estimate gamma-ray fluxes due to the decay of nuclei beyond Bi-209 from a supernova or a supernova remnant assuming that the r-process occurs in supernovae. We find that a detector with a sensitivity of similar to 10(-7) gamma cm(-2) s(-1) at energies from similar to 40 keV to similar to 3 MeV may detect fluxes due to the decay of Ra-226, Th-229, Am-241, Am-243, Cf-249, and Cf-251 in the newly discovered supernova remnant near Vela. In addition, such a detector may detect fluxes due to the decay of Ac-227 and Ra-228 produced in a future supernova at a distance of similar to 1 kpc. Because nuclei with mass numbers A > 209 are produced solely by the r-process, such detections are the best proof for a supernova r-process site. Further, they provide the most direct information on yields of progenitor nuclei with A > 209 at r-process freeze-out. Finally, detection of fluxes due to the decay of r-process nuclei over a range of masses from a supernova or a supernova remnant provides the opportunity to compare yields in a single supernova event with the solar r-process abundance pattern. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Lunat Asylum, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Qian, YZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-5,MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI WASSERBURG, GERALD /F-6247-2011 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 1999 VL 524 IS 1 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1086/307805 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 242TK UT WOS:000082957600018 ER PT J AU Aschieri, P AF Aschieri, P TI Lie algebra of the q-Poincare group and q-Heisenberg commutation relations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on New Symmetries in Statistical Mechanics and Condensed Matter Physics CY JUL 20-AUG 01, 1998 CL TURIN, ITALY SP ISI Fdn ID DEFORMED PHASE-SPACE; DIFFERENTIAL-CALCULUS; QUANTUM GROUPS; SUPERSTRING COLLISIONS; HARMONIC-OSCILLATOR; LATTICE STRUCTURE; STRING THEORY; DEFORMATION; GRAVITY; SUPERGRAVITY AB We discuss quantum orthogonal groups and their real forms. We review the construction of inhomogeneous orthogonal q-groups and their q-Lie algebras. The geometry of the q-Poincare soup naturally induces a well defined g-deformed Heisenberg algebra of hermitian q-Minkowski coordinates xa and momenta p(a). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aschieri, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Aschieri, Paolo/J-2965-2012 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD OCT 10 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 24-25 BP 2895 EP 2902 DI 10.1142/S021797929900271X PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 248BV UT WOS:000083256200002 ER PT J AU Choi, W Camassa, R AF Choi, W Camassa, R TI Fully nonlinear internal waves in a two-fluid system SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID ALGEBRAIC SOLITARY WAVES; 2-LAYER FLUID; STRATIFIED FLUIDS; LARGE-AMPLITUDE; 2-FLUID SYSTEM; PROPAGATION; MODELS; WATER; DEPTH AB Model equations that govern the evolution of internal gravity waves at the interface of two immiscible inviscid fluids are derived. These models follow from the original Euler equations under the sole assumption that the waves are long compared to the undisturbed thickness of one of the fluid layers. No smallness assumption on the wave amplitude is made. Both shallow and deep water configurations are considered, depending on whether the waves are assumed to be long with respect to the total undisturbed thickness of the fluids or long with respect to just one of the two layers, respectively. The removal of the traditional weak nonlinearity assumption is aimed at improving the agreement with the dynamics of Euler equations for large-amplitude waves. This is obtained without compromising much of the simplicity of the previously known weakly nonlinear models. Compared to these, the fully nonlinear models' most prominent feature is the presence of additional nonlinear dispersive terms, which coexist with the typical linear dispersive terms of the weakly nonlinear models. The fully nonlinear models contain the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and the Intermediate Long Wave (ILW) equation, for shallow and deep water configurations respectively, as special cases in the limit of weak nonlinearity and unidirectional wave propagation. In particular, for a solitary wave of given amplitude, the new models show that the characteristic wavelength is larger and the wave speed is smaller than their counterparts for solitary wave solutions of the weakly nonlinear equations. These features are compared and found in overall good agreement with available experimental data for solitary waves of large amplitude in two-fluid systems. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Choi, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 190 Z9 213 U1 5 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD OCT 10 PY 1999 VL 396 BP 1 EP 36 DI 10.1017/S0022112099005820 PG 36 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 244BE UT WOS:000083031300001 ER PT J AU Chapline, G AF Chapline, G TI On the occurrence of a positive vacuum energy in a quantum model for space-time SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID VORTICES; UNIVERSE AB It is shown that a previously proposed quantum model for four-dimensional space-time based on an SU(infinity) generalization of anyonic superconductivity can be regarded as a discrete form of Polyakov's string theory. This suggests that in a Robertson-Walker universe there is a positive vacuum energy that is on the order of the string tension divided by square of the distance scale factor. This leads to a new type of cosmological model that, even though it resembles more an open universe than an accelerating universe, is apparently consistent with current observational constraints on cosmological models. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94507 USA. RP Chapline, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94507 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 10 PY 1999 VL 14 IS 31 BP 2169 EP 2177 DI 10.1142/S0217732399002236 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 252WX UT WOS:000083526200006 ER PT J AU Yoo, MH Yoshimi, K Hanada, S AF Yoo, MH Yoshimi, K Hanada, S TI Dislocation stability and deformation mechanisms of iron aluminides and silicide SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE iron; theory; elastic; thermally activated processes; line tension ID ANTIPHASE-BOUNDARY ENERGIES; FE-AL ALLOYS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; SLIP DIRECTIONS; FE3AL ALLOYS; COOLING RATE; B2 STRUCTURE; STOICHIOMETRY AB Elastic stability of dislocations in FeAl alloys and Fe3Si was examined with respect to the formation of jog pair(s) on a straight dislocation as well as the kink-pair formation. Dislocation configurations from annealed and deformed microstructures available in the literature are consistent with the predictions based on elastic instability. The difference in the formation enthalpy between a jog pair and a kink pair was obtained, and the activation enthalpy of a jog-pair pinning mechanism for edge dislocations was prescribed. Discussion is given on the driving forces for the pinning mechanisms, including the role of inhomogeneous internal stress in FeAl single crystals. (C) 1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. RP Yoo, MH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 47 IS 13 BP 3579 EP 3588 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00221-9 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 249JX UT WOS:000083330900007 ER PT J AU Thomason, PF AF Thomason, PF TI Ductile spallation fracture and the mechanics of void growth and coalescence under shock-loading conditions SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE ductile fracture; dynamic phenomena; microstructure; plasticity; shockwaves ID TANTALUM; DAMAGE; MICROVOIDS; METALS; MODEL AB A model of ductile spallation fracture is developed from a dynamic void-growth model which takes full account of the effects of material inertia and strain-rate sensitivity on void-growth rates under shock-loading conditions. The void-growth model is used to estimate the dynamic inertial stresses arising at incipient void coalescence and thus allow for these effects in the critical condition for dynamic microvoid coalescence. The theoretical results from the dynamic ductile-fracture model are shown to be in good general agreement with previously published experimental results for ductile spallation fracture in tantalum. (C) 1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Atl rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thomason, PF (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Manchester Mat Sci Ctr, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 47 IS 13 BP 3633 EP 3646 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00223-2 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 249JX UT WOS:000083330900011 ER PT J AU Mitchell, TE Peralta, P Hirth, JP AF Mitchell, TE Peralta, P Hirth, JP TI Deformation by a kink mechanism in high temperature materials SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculation; oxides; compounds intermetallic; mechanical properties; high temperature; dilocations mobility ID SAPPHIRE ALPHA-AL2O3; CRYSTALS; SPINEL AB A new double kink dislocation model has been developed to explain the temperature dependence of the yield stress in materials such as oxides and intermetallics that require high temperatures for plastic how. The major variation in the free energy for the formation of a double kink nucleus with stress is the kink-kink interaction energy. However, there is also a stress dependence of the pre-exponential factor in the strain rate constitutive equation arising from kink diffusion. Numerical solution of the resulting equations shows that there are temperature regimes where the stress varies logarithmically with temperature. The model explains quantitatively the temperature dependence of the critical resolved shear stress on different slip systems for sapphire and spinel in terms of different activation energies for kink diffusion. The model can be modified to explain compositional softening in spinel by incorporating enhanced kink nucleation at cation vacancies. This changes both the pre-exponential term and the activation energy and explains why the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) decreases as the inverse of the square of the vacancy concentration, as is observed. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Metallurgica Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Mitchell, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 47 IS 13 BP 3687 EP 3694 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00207-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 249JX UT WOS:000083330900016 ER PT J AU Schwegler, E Challacombe, M AF Schwegler, E Challacombe, M TI Linear scaling computation of the Fock matrix. IV. Multipole accelerated formation of the exchange matrix SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS FUNCTIONS; ELECTRON REPULSION INTEGRALS; RECURRENCE RELATIONS; MOLECULAR INTEGRALS; TENSOR; PRINCIPLES; SYSTEMS AB A new method for the multipole evaluation of contracted Cartesian Gaussian-based electron repulsion integrals is described, and implemented in linear scaling methods for computation of the Hartree-Fock exchange matrix. The new method, which relies on a nonempirical multipole acceptability criterion [J. Chem. Phys. 109, 8764 (1998)], renders the work associated with integral evaluation independent of the basis set contraction length. Benchmark calculations on a series of three-dimensional water molecule clusters and graphitic sheets with highly contracted basis sets indicate that the new method is up to 4.6 times faster than a well optimized direct integral evaluation routine. For calculations involving lower levels of contraction a factor of 2 speedup is typically observed. Importantly, the method achieves these large gains in computational efficiency while maintaining numerical equivalence with standard direct self consistent field theory. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)30435-9]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Chem Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schwegler, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 41 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 14 BP 6223 EP 6229 DI 10.1063/1.479926 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240TM UT WOS:000082841300011 ER PT J AU Fedorov, DG Evans, M Song, Y Gordon, MS Ng, CY AF Fedorov, DG Evans, M Song, Y Gordon, MS Ng, CY TI An experimental and theoretical study of the spin-orbit interaction for CO+(A (2)Pi(3/2,1/2), v(+)=0-41) and O-2(+)(X (2)Pi(3/2,1/2g), v(+)=0-38) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THRESHOLD PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION THRESHOLD; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SPECTRUM; SYSTEM; BANDS; IONS AB Accurate spin-orbit splitting constants (A(v+)) for the vibrational levels v(+)=0-41 of CO+(A (2)Pi(3/2,1/2)) have been determined in a rotationally resolved pulsed field ionization photoelectron study. A change in slope is observed in the v(+) dependence for A(v+) at v(+)approximate to 19-20. This observation is attributed to perturbation of the CO+(A (2)Pi) potential by the CO+(B (2)Sigma(+)) state. Theoretical A(v+) values for CO+(A (2)Pi(3/2,1/2), v(+)=0-41) have also been obtained using a newly developed ab initio computational routine for spin-orbit coupling calculations. The theoretical A(v+) predictions computed using this routine are found to be in agreement with the experimental A(v+) values for CO+(A (2)Pi(3/2,1/2), v(+)=0-41). Similar A(v+) calculations obtained for O-2(+)(X (2)Pi(3/2,1/2g), v(+)=0-38) are also in accord with the recent experimental A(v+) values reported by Song [J. Chem. Phys. 111, 1905 (1999)]. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 9606(99)00938-1]. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fedorov, DG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 14 BP 6413 EP 6421 DI 10.1063/1.479941 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240TM UT WOS:000082841300034 ER PT J AU Seth, M Schwerdtfeger, P Faegri, K AF Seth, M Schwerdtfeger, P Faegri, K TI The chemistry of superheavy elements. III. Theoretical studies on element 113 compounds SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HARTREE-FOCK CALCULATIONS; COUPLED-CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ABINITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; SCF CALCULATIONS AB The chemistry of element 113 is investigated by theoretical methods. The results of fully relativistic calculations for (113)H and (113)F are compared with those derived by other techniques to obtain an indication of the accuracy of the more approximate models as well as the importance of including scalar and/or spin-orbit relativistic effects. Both of these effects are found to be important. The spin-orbit coupled pseudopotential approximation yields results of satisfactory accuracy, but the two relativistic methods that do not include spin-orbit coupling (Douglas-Kroll and scalar relativistic pseudopotential method) do not agree so well with each other. The calculated properties of (113)H and (113)F and a number of other hydrides and halides of element 113 are compared with the properties of the equivalent compounds of the lighter group 13 elements. In general, element 13 exhibits behavior that is consistent with its placement in group 13 of the periodic table. Some of its properties are found to be somewhat unusual however, e.g., the element is relatively electronegative, the molecules (113)H-3, (113)F-3, and (113)Cl-3 are predicted to be T-shaped rather than trigonal planar, and the 6d electrons of element 113 participate to a significant extent in chemical bonding. Compounds where element 113 is present in the +5 oxidation state are considered as well but are predicted to be thermodynamically unstable. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)30738-8]. C1 Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand. Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RP Seth, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 94 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 14 BP 6422 EP 6433 DI 10.1063/1.480168 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240TM UT WOS:000082841300035 ER PT J AU James, EW Song, C Evans, JW AF James, EW Song, C Evans, JW TI CO-oxidation model with superlattice ordering of adsorbed oxygen. I. Steady-state bifurcations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SURFACE-REACTION MODEL; WAVE-PROPAGATION; ADSORPTION; DIFFUSION; CATALYSIS; PD(100); RATES AB We analyze a model for CO oxidation on surfaces which incorporates both rapid diffusion of adsorbed CO, and superlattice ordering of adsorbed immobile oxygen on a square lattice of adsorption sites. The superlattice ordering derives from an "eight-site adsorption rule," wherein diatomic oxygen adsorbs dissociatively on diagonally adjacent empty sites, provided that none of the six additional neighboring sites are occupied by oxygen. A "hybrid" formalism is applied to implement the model. Highly mobile adsorbed CO is assumed randomly distributed on sites not occupied by oxygen (which is justified if one neglects CO-CO and CO-O adspecies interactions), and is thus treated within a mean-field framework. In contrast, the distribution of immobile adsorbed oxygen is treated within a lattice-gas framework. Exact master equations are presented for the model, together with some exact relationships for the coverages and reaction rate. A precise description of steady-state bifurcation behavior is provided utilizing both conventional and "constant-coverage ensemble" Monte Carlo simulations. This behavior is compared with predictions of a suitable analytic pair approximation derived from the master equations. The model exhibits the expected bistability, i.e., coexistence of highly reactive and relatively inactive states, which disappears at a cusp bifurcation. In addition, we show that the oxygen superlattice ordering produces a symmetry-breaking transition, and associated coarsening phenomena, not present in conventional Ziff-Gulari-Barshad-type reaction models. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)70338-7]. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP James, EW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 14 BP 6579 EP 6589 DI 10.1063/1.479949 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240TM UT WOS:000082841300054 ER PT J AU Pelton, JG Kustu, S Wemmer, DE AF Pelton, JG Kustu, S Wemmer, DE TI Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of NtrC with three alanine substitutions SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE helix-turn-helix; FIS; four-helix bundle; NMR spectroscopy; protein structure ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ISOTOPICALLY ENRICHED PROTEINS; GROUP HYDROGEN-EXCHANGE; PULSED-FIELD GRADIENTS; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; FIS PROTEIN; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; C-13-ENRICHED PROTEINS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE AB The structure of the 20 kDa C-terminal DNA-binding domain of NtrC from Salmonella typhimurium (residues Asp380-Glu469) with alanine replacing Arg456,Asn457, and Arg461, was determined by NMR spectroscopy. NtrC is a homodimeric enhancer-binding protein that activates the transcription of genes whose products are required for nitrogen metabolism. The 91-residue C-terminal domain contains the determinants necessary for dimerization and DNA-binding of the full length protein. The mutant protein does not bind to DNA but retains many characteristics of the wild-type protein, and the mutant domain expresses at high yield (20 mg/l) in minimal medium. Three-dimensional H-1/C-13/N-15 triple-resonance, H-1-C-13-C-13-H-1 correlation and N-15-separated nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopy experiments were used to make backbone and side-chain H-1, N-15, and C-13 assignments. The structures were calculated using a total of 1580 intra and inter-monomer distance and hydrogen bond restraints (88 hydrogen bonds; 44 hydrogen bond restraints), and 88 phi dihedral restraints for residues Asp400 through Glu469 in both monomers. A total of 54 ambiguous restraints (intra or inter-monomer) involving residues close to the 2-fold symmetry axis were also included. Each monomer consists of four helical segments. Helices A (Trp402-Leu414) and B (Leu421-His440) join with those of another monomer to form an antiparallel four-helix bundle. Helices C (Gln446-Leu451) and D (Ala456-Met468) of each monomer adopt a classic helix-turn-helix DNA-binding fold at either end of the protein. The backbone rms deviation for the 28 best of 40 starting structures is 0.6(+/- 0.2) Angstrom. Structural differences between the C-terminal domain of NtrC and the homologous Factor for Inversion Stimulation are discussed. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM38361] NR 95 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 292 IS 5 BP 1095 EP 1110 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3140 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 245DB UT WOS:000083090000012 PM 10512705 ER PT J AU Zhou, XJ Bogdanov, P Kellar, SA Noda, T Eisaki, H Uchida, S Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Zhou, XJ Bogdanov, P Kellar, SA Noda, T Eisaki, H Uchida, S Hussain, Z Shen, ZX TI One-dimensional electronic structure and suppression of d-wave node state in (La1.28Nd0.6Sr0.12) CuO4 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; DOMAIN-WALLS; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DOPED ANTIFERROMAGNETS; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; CHARGE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PROXIMITY AB Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy was carried out on (La1.28Nd0.6 Sr-0.12)CuO4, a model system of the charge- and spin-ordered state, or stripe phase. The electronic structure contains characteristic features consistent with other cuprates, such as the flat band at Low energy near the Brillouin zone face. However, the low-energy excitation near the expected d-wave node region is strongly suppressed. The frequency-integrated spectral weight is confined inside one-dimensional segments in the momentum space (defined by horizontal momenta \k(x)\ = pi/4 and vertical momenta \k(y)\ = pi/4), deviating strongly from the more rounded Fermi surface expected from band calculations. This departure from the two-dimensional Fermi surface persists to a very high energy scale. These results provide important information for establishing a theory to understand the charge and spin ordering in cuprates and their relation with high-temperature superconductivity. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 133, Japan. RP Shen, ZX (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zxshen@stanford.edu NR 36 TC 208 Z9 210 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 286 IS 5438 BP 268 EP 272 DI 10.1126/science.286.5438.268 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 243YE UT WOS:000083024400038 ER PT J AU Nieh, TG Barbee, TW Wadsworth, J AF Nieh, TG Barbee, TW Wadsworth, J TI Tensile properties of a free-standing Cu/Zr nanolaminate (or compositionally-modulated thin film) SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LAMINATED COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-350, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 15 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 41 IS 9 BP 929 EP 935 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00240-7 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 248GQ UT WOS:000083267100004 ER PT J AU Suresh, S Nieh, TG Choi, BW AF Suresh, S Nieh, TG Choi, BW TI Nano-indentation of copper thin films on silicon substrates SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE mechanical properties; nano-indentation; thin films; copper; dislocations ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; NANOINDENTATION; HARDNESS C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Suresh, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 9 TC 208 Z9 216 U1 2 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 41 IS 9 BP 951 EP 957 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00245-6 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 248GQ UT WOS:000083267100007 ER PT J AU Misra, A Verdier, M Kung, H Embury, JD Hirth, JP AF Misra, A Verdier, M Kung, H Embury, JD Hirth, JP TI Deformation mechanism maps for polycrystalline metallic multiplayers SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID YIELD STRESS; MULTILAYERS C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 18 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 41 IS 9 BP 973 EP 979 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00239-0 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 248GQ UT WOS:000083267100010 ER PT J AU Ruffner, JA Clem, PG Tuttle, BA Dimos, D Gonzales, DM AF Ruffner, JA Clem, PG Tuttle, BA Dimos, D Gonzales, DM TI Effect of substrate composition on the piezoelectric response of reactively sputtered AlN thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE aluminium nitride; piezoelectric effect; sputtering; surface composition AB Deposition parameters were found to have a marked effect on piezoelectric response of reactive radio frequency (RF) sputtered AlN thin films. We observed piezoelectric response values ranging from -3.5 to +4.2 pm/V for 1 mu m thick AlN films deposited onto Ti//Ru electrode stacks. This substantial variation in piezoelectric response occurred despite the fact that all of the AIN thin films exhibited the correct crystallographic orientation for piezoelectric activity ((0002) crystallographic planes parallel to the substrate). An investigation of the effects of deposition parameters, in particular the nature of the Ru//AlN interface, was conducted. The lag time between deposition of adjacent thin film layers appeared to have the greatest affect on the value of the piezoelectric response. This result suggests that a chemical reaction occurring on the Ru thin film surface is responsible for changing an important thin film property such as dipole orientation within the overlying AlN thin film. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ruffner, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1349, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 8 PY 1999 VL 354 IS 1-2 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00521-0 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 253TH UT WOS:000083571500042 ER PT J AU Markovic, NM Schmidt, TJ Grgur, BN Gasteiger, HA Behm, RJ Ross, PN AF Markovic, NM Schmidt, TJ Grgur, BN Gasteiger, HA Behm, RJ Ross, PN TI Effect of temperature on surface processes at the Pt(111)-liquid interface: Hydrogen adsorption, oxide formation, and CO oxidation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; OXYGEN REDUCTION; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; ALKALINE-SOLUTION; WORK FUNCTION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTROOXIDATION; RECONSTRUCTION AB The variation of the adsorption pseudocapacitance with temperature is used to obtain the enthalpy, entropy, and free energies of adsorption of H-upd and OHad on Pt(lll) as a function of pH and nature of the anion of the supporting electrolyte. It is shown that the heat (enthalpy) of adsorption of hydrogen on Pt(lll) at the electrochemical interface is essentially independent of either the pH of the electrolyte or the nature of the supporting anion. The heat of adsorption has a linear decrease with Theta(Hupd,) from similar to 42 kJ/mol at Theta(Hupd) = 0 ML to similar to 24 kJ/mol at Theta(Hupd) = 0.66 ML. The heat of adsorption of OHad is more sensitive to the nature of the anion in the supporting electrolyte. This is presumably due to coadsorption of the anion and OHad in electrolytes other than the simple alkali bases. From the isosteric heat of adsorption of OHad in alkaline solution (ca. similar to 200 kJ/mol) and the enthalpy of formation of OH. we estimated the Pt(111)-OHad bond energy of 136 kJ/mol. This value is much. smaller than the Pt-O-ad bond energy at a gas-solid interface (similar to 350 kJ/mol). In basic solution the electrooxidation of CO proceeds at low overpotentials (<0.2 V) between the adsorbed states of COad and OHad, the latter forming at low overpotentials selectively at defect sites. In acid solution, however; these sites are not active because they are blocked by specific adsorption of anions of the supporting electrolyte. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Ulm, Abt Oberflachenchem & Katalyse, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schmidt, Thomas/A-2586-2010; OI Schmidt, Thomas/0000-0002-1636-367X; Grgur, Branimir/0000-0003-4684-9053 NR 46 TC 228 Z9 228 U1 6 U2 82 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 7 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 40 BP 8568 EP 8577 DI 10.1021/jp991826u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 246EL UT WOS:000083151400022 ER PT J AU Jeong, SH Greif, R Russo, RE AF Jeong, SH Greif, R Russo, RE TI Shock wave and material vapour plume propagation during excimer laser ablation of aluminium samples SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-DEFLECTION; BLAST-WAVE; GAS; SURFACE; DYNAMICS; EXPANSION; PROBE; DEPOSITION; POLYMERS; AMBIENT AB A probe beam deflection technique was utilized to measure the propagation of a shock wave and material vapour plume generated during excimer laser ablation of aluminium samples. The measured transit time of the laser-induced shock wave was compared with the prediction based on an ideal blast-wave model, using the Sedov-Taylor solution. The prediction of the incident laser energy converted into the laser-induced gasdynamic flow utilizing this blast-wave model overestimated the efficiency, even under conditions when the measured shock-wave velocity follows the correct model relation. The propagation of material vapour was measured from the deflection of the probe beam at later times. The propagation velocity of material vapour ranged from 20-40 m s(-1) with a greater velocity near the target surface. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Mechatron Dept, Kwangju, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 19 BP 2578 EP 2585 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/32/19/316 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246DM UT WOS:000083148800017 ER PT J AU Rokhsar, DS AF Rokhsar, DS TI Condensates in a twist SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rokhsar, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 7 PY 1999 VL 401 IS 6753 BP 533 EP 534 DI 10.1038/44024 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 244MG UT WOS:000083054900025 ER PT J AU Chen, JW Rupak, G Savage, MJ AF Chen, JW Rupak, G Savage, MJ TI Isoscalar M1 and E2 amplitudes in np -> d gamma SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; NUCLEON-NUCLEON-SCATTERING; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; DEUTERON SCATTERING; RANGE INTERACTIONS; 2-NUCLEON SYSTEMS; NN SCATTERING; REGULARIZATION; RENORMALIZATION; FORCES AB The low energy radiative capture process np --> dy provides a sensitive probe of the two-nucleon system. The cross section for this process is dominated by the isovector M1 amplitude for capture from the S-1(0) channel via the isovector magnetic moment of the nucleon. In this work we use effective field theory to compute the isoscalar M1 and isoscalar E2 amplitudes that are strongly suppressed for cold neutron capture. The actual value of the isoscalar E2 amplitude is expected to be within similar to 15% of the value computed in this work. In contrast, due to the vanishing contribution of the one-body operator at leading order and next-to-leading order, the isoscalar M1 amplitude is estimated to have a large uncertainty. We discuss in detail the deuteron quadrupole form factor and S-3(1)-D-3(1) mixing. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98915 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, JW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98915 USA. OI Chen, Jiunn-Wei/0000-0002-8650-9371 NR 67 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 7 PY 1999 VL 464 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01007-2 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 247JZ UT WOS:000083218800001 ER PT J AU Ackerstaff, K Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akushevich, I Amarian, M Aschenauer, EC Avakian, H Avakian, R Avetissian, A Bains, B Barrow, S Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Belz, JE Benisch, T Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blanchard, S Blouw, J Bottcher, H Borissov, A Brack, J Bray, B Brauksiepe, S Braun, B Brons, S Bruckner, W Brull, A Bruins, EEW Bulten, HJ Cadman, RV Capitani, GP Carter, P Chumney, P Cisbani, E Court, GR Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R Delheij, PPJ De Sanctis, E De Schepper, D Devitsin, E Huberts, PKAD Di Nezza, P Duren, M Dvoredsky, A Ely, J Elbakian, G Emerson, J Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Ferstl, M Fick, D Fiedler, K Filippone, BW Fischer, H Fortune, HT Fox, B Frabetti, S Franz, J Frullani, S Funck, MA Gagunashvili, ND Galumian, P Gao, H Garber, Y Garibaldi, F Gavrilov, G Geiger, P Gharibyan, V Golendukhin, A Graw, G Grebebiouk, O Green, PW Greeniaus, LG Grosshauser, C Guidal, M Gute, A Gyurjyan, V Haas, JP Haeberli, W Hansen, JO Hasch, D Hausser, O Henderson, R Heinsius, FH Henkes, T Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Holler, Y Holt, RJ Hoprich, W Ihssen, H Iodice, M Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Jones, C Kaiser, R Kestel, M Kinney, E Kirsch, M Kisselev, A Kitching, P Kobayashi, H Koch, N Konigsmann, K Kolstein, M Kolster, H Korotkov, V Korsch, W Kozlov, V Kramer, LH Krause, B Krivokhijine, VG Kuckes, M Kummell, F Kurisuno, M Kyle, G Lachnit, W Lorenzon, W Lung, A Makins, NCR Martens, FK Martin, JW Marukyan, H Masoli, F Mateos, A Maul, M McAndrew, M McIlhany, K McKeown, RD Meissner, F Menden, F Mercer, D Metz, A Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miller, MA Milner, R Mitsyn, V Most, A Mozzetti, R Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nathan, AM Neunreither, F Niczyporuk, JM Nowak, WD Nupieri, M Oelwein, P Ogami, H O'Neill, TG Openshaw, R Owen, BR Ouyang, J Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Pitt, M Poolman, HR Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Rakness, G Reali, A Redwine, R Reolon, AR Ristinen, R Rith, K Roper, G Rossi, P Rudnitsky, S Ruh, M Ryckbosch, D Sakemi, Y Savin, I Scarlett, C Schafer, A Schmidt, F Schmitt, H Schnell, G Schuler, KP Schwind, A Seibert, J Shibata, TA Shibatani, K Shin, T Shutov, V Simani, C Simon, A Sinram, K Slavich, P Smythe, WR Sowinski, J Spengos, M Steffens, E Stenger, J Stewart, J Stock, F Stoesslein, U Sutter, M Tallini, H Taroian, S Terkulov, A Thiessen, DM Tipton, B Thomas, E Trudel, A Tytgat, M Urciuoli, GM van Hunen, JJ van de Vyver, R van den Brand, JFJ van der Steenhoven, G Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, M Visser, J Volk, E Wander, W Welch, TP Wendland, J Williamson, SE Wise, T Woller, K Yoneyama, S Zapfe, K Zohrabian, H Zurmuhle, R AF Ackerstaff, K Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akushevich, I Amarian, M Aschenauer, EC Avakian, H Avakian, R Avetissian, A Bains, B Barrow, S Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Belz, JE Benisch, T Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blanchard, S Blouw, J Bottcher, H Borissov, A Brack, J Bray, B Brauksiepe, S Braun, B Brons, S Bruckner, W Brull, A Bruins, EEW Bulten, HJ Cadman, RV Capitani, GP Carter, P Chumney, P Cisbani, E Court, GR Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R Delheij, PPJ De Sanctis, E De Schepper, D Devitsin, E Huberts, PKAD Di Nezza, P Duren, M Dvoredsky, A Ely, J Elbakian, G Emerson, J Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Ferstl, M Fick, D Fiedler, K Filippone, BW Fischer, H Fortune, HT Fox, B Frabetti, S Franz, J Frullani, S Funck, MA Gagunashvili, ND Galumian, P Gao, H Garber, Y Garibaldi, F Gavrilov, G Geiger, P Gharibyan, V Golendukhin, A Graw, G Grebebiouk, O Green, PW Greeniaus, LG Grosshauser, C Guidal, M Gute, A Gyurjyan, V Haas, JP Haeberli, W Hansen, JO Hasch, D Hausser, O Henderson, R Heinsius, FH Henkes, T Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Holler, Y Holt, RJ Hoprich, W Ihssen, H Iodice, M Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Jones, C Kaiser, R Kestel, M Kinney, E Kirsch, M Kisselev, A Kitching, P Kobayashi, H Koch, N Konigsmann, K Kolstein, M Kolster, H Korotkov, V Korsch, W Kozlov, V Kramer, LH Krause, B Krivokhijine, VG Kuckes, M Kummell, F Kurisuno, M Kyle, G Lachnit, W Lorenzon, W Lung, A Makins, NCR Martens, FK Martin, JW Marukyan, H Masoli, F Mateos, A Maul, M McAndrew, M McIlhany, K McKeown, RD Meissner, F Menden, F Mercer, D Metz, A Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miller, MA Milner, R Mitsyn, V Most, A Mozzetti, R Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nathan, AM Neunreither, F Niczyporuk, JM Nowak, WD Nupieri, M Oelwein, P Ogami, H O'Neill, TG Openshaw, R Owen, BR Ouyang, J Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Pitt, M Poolman, HR Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Rakness, G Reali, A Redwine, R Reolon, AR Ristinen, R Rith, K Roper, G Rossi, P Rudnitsky, S Ruh, M Ryckbosch, D Sakemi, Y Savin, I Scarlett, C Schafer, A Schmidt, F Schmitt, H Schnell, G Schuler, KP Schwind, A Seibert, J Shibata, TA Shibatani, K Shin, T Shutov, V Simani, C Simon, A Sinram, K Slavich, P Smythe, WR Sowinski, J Spengos, M Steffens, E Stenger, J Stewart, J Stock, F Stoesslein, U Sutter, M Tallini, H Taroian, S Terkulov, A Thiessen, DM Tipton, B Thomas, E Trudel, A Tytgat, M Urciuoli, GM van Hunen, JJ van de Vyver, R van den Brand, JFJ van der Steenhoven, G Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, M Visser, J Volk, E Wander, W Welch, TP Wendland, J Williamson, SE Wise, T Woller, K Yoneyama, S Zapfe, K Zohrabian, H Zurmuhle, R CA HERMES Collaboration TI Flavor decomposition of the polarized quark distributions in the nucleon from inclusive and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SPIN STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1)(N); MUON-PROTON-SCATTERING; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SUM-RULE; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; DEUTERON; HE-3; ASYMMETRIES AB Spin asymmetries of semi-inclusive cross sections for the production of positively and negatively charged hadrons have been measured in deep-inelastic scattering of polarized positrons on polarized hydrogen and He-3 targets, in the kinematic range 0.023 < x < 0.6 and 1 GeV2 < Q(2) < 10 GeV2. Polarized quark distributions are extracted as a function of x for up (u + (u) over bar) and down (d + (d) over bar) flavors. The up quark polarization is positive and the down quark polarization is negative in the measured range. The polarization of the sea is compatible with zero. The first moments of the polarized quark distributions are presented. The isospin non-singlet combination dq, is consistent with the prediction based on the Bjorken sum rule. The moments of the polarized quark distributions are compared to predictions based on SU(3)(f) flavor symmetry and to a prediction from lattice QCD. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezi Bari, I-70124 Bari, Italy. CALTECH, WK Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Colorado, Nucl Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. State Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Marburg, Inst Phys, D-35037 Marburg, Germany. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg 188350, Russia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Ackerstaff, K (reprint author), DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Kozlov, Valentin/M-8000-2015; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015; Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Heinsius, Fritz-Herbert/0000-0002-9545-5117 NR 65 TC 209 Z9 209 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 7 PY 1999 VL 464 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00964-8 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 247JZ UT WOS:000083218800018 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Akimov, V Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Baden, A Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Baringer, P Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Chen, W Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Coppage, D Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Ginther, G Gobbi, B Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Green, JA Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Ito, AS Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Kahn, S Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Leflat, A Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lu, JG Lucotte, A Lueking, L Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Martin, RD Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mostafa, M da Motta, H Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Parashar, N Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Reay, NW Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, XF Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Toback, D Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Varelas, N Varnes, EW Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Wood, DR Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yip, K Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zanabria, M Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, Z AF Abbott, B Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Akimov, V Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Baden, A Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Baringer, P Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Chen, W Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Coppage, D Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Ginther, G Gobbi, B Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Green, JA Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Ito, AS Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Kahn, S Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Leflat, A Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lu, JG Lucotte, A Lueking, L Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Martin, RD Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mostafa, M da Motta, H Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Parashar, N Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Reay, NW Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, XF Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Toback, D Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Varelas, N Varnes, EW Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Wood, DR Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yip, K Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zanabria, M Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, Z CA DO Collaborat TI Evidence of color coherence effects in W plus jets events from p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE experimental; p(p)over-bar interactions; QCD studies; color coherence; W plus jets; local parton-hadron duality ID 3-JET EVENTS; E+E ANNIHILATION; PERTURBATIVE-QCD; PARTON FRAGMENTATION; MODELS; DECAYS; GLUONS; ENERGY AB We report the results of a study of color coherence effects in p (p) over bar collisions based on data collected by the D phi detector during the 1994-1995 run of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, at a center of mass energy root s = 1.8 TeV. Initial-to-final state color interference effects are observed by examining particle distribution patterns in events with a W boson and at least one jet. The data are compared to Monte Carlo simulations with different color coherence implementations and to an analytic modified-leading-logarithm perturbative calculation based on the local parton-hadron duality hypothesis. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Univ San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Nucl Sci, IN2P3, Grenoble, France. CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai, India. Kyungsung Univ, Pusan 608736, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016 OI Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 7 PY 1999 VL 464 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01015-1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 247JZ UT WOS:000083218800020 ER PT J AU Khrebtukova, I Kuklin, A Woychik, RP Michaud, EJ AF Khrebtukova, I Kuklin, A Woychik, RP Michaud, EJ TI Alternative processing of the human and mouse Raly genes SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE RALY; alternative splicing; p542; hnRNP C ID HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN; RNA-BINDING DOMAIN; YELLOW A(Y) MUTATION; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; HNRNP-C-PROTEINS; DIVERSITY AB A human homolog (RALY) of the mouse Raly gene was isolated and sequenced, and shown to encode a novel protein isoform containing a 16 amino acid in-frame insert in the variable region of the protein. Analysis of the corresponding region of the mouse Raly gene demonstrated that this novel protein isoform is also present in the mouse. Comparative analysis of RALY cDNA and EST sequences suggests the presence of additional alternatively processed RALY transcripts. As in the mouse, the human RALY gene is widely expressed as a 1.7-kb transcript. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Michaud, EJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD OCT 6 PY 1999 VL 1447 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00126-8 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 242AE UT WOS:000082915400013 PM 10500250 ER PT J AU Yang, H Snee, PT Kotz, KT Payne, CK Frei, H Harris, CB AF Yang, H Snee, PT Kotz, KT Payne, CK Frei, H Harris, CB TI Femtosecond infrared studies of a prototypical one-electron oxidative-addition reaction: Chlorine atom abstraction by the Re(CO)(5) radical SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID H BOND ACTIVATION; GEMINATE RECOMBINATION; MATRIX-ISOLATION; METAL-METAL; RE2(CO)10; IR; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; MECHANISM C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orland Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Payne, Christine/E-5954-2010; OI Yang, Haw/0000-0003-0268-6352 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 6 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 39 BP 9227 EP 9228 DI 10.1021/ja991682x PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 243QX UT WOS:000083009700033 ER PT J AU Tara, S Helms, V Straatsma, TP McCammon, JA AF Tara, S Helms, V Straatsma, TP McCammon, JA TI Molecular dynamics of mouse acetylcholinesterase complexed with huperzine A SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics simulations; acetylcholinesterase; huperzine A; active site gorge; side channel; backdoor; gating ID BACK-DOOR; FASCICULIN; BINDING; SITE; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS; TACRINE; PROGRAM; LIGANDS AB Two molecular dynamics simulations were performed for a modeled complex of mouse acetylcholinesterase liganded with huperzine A (HupA). Analysis of these simulations shows that HupA shifts in the active site toward Tyr 337 and Phe 338 and that several residues in the active site area reach out to make hydrogen bonds with the inhibitor. Rapid fluctuations of the gorge width are observed, ranging from widths that allow substrate access to the active site, to pinched structures that do not allow access of molecules as small as water. Additional openings or channels to the active site are found. One opening is formed in the side wall of the active site gorge by residues Val 73, Asp 74, Thr 83, Glu 84, and Asn 87 Another opening is formed at the base of the gorge by residues Trp 86, Val 132, Glu 202, Gly 448, and Ile 451. Both of these these openings have been observed separately in the Torpedo californica form of the enzyme. These channels could allow transport of waters and ions to and from the bulk solution. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, High Performance Computat Chem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Tara, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. OI Helms, Volkhard/0000-0002-2180-9154 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD OCT 5 PY 1999 VL 50 IS 4 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0282(19991005)50:4<347::AID-BIP1>3.0.CO;2-R PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 225MU UT WOS:000081966000001 PM 10423544 ER PT J AU Kim, C Woodward, CA Kaufman, EN Adams, MWW AF Kim, C Woodward, CA Kaufman, EN Adams, MWW TI Stability and sulfur-reduction activity in non-aqueous phase liquids of the hydrogenase from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Pyrococcus furiosus; hydrogenase; S degrees reduction; hyperthermophile; non-aqueous solvents ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; MODIFIED ENZYMES; SULFHYDROGENASE; LIPASE; ENVIRONMENTS; PROTEINS; TOLUENE AB Hydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, catalyzes the reversible activation of H-2 gas and the reduction of elemental sulfur (S degrees) at 90 degrees C and above. The pure enzyme, modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG), was soluble (> 5 mg/mL) in toluene and benzene with t(1/2) values of more than 6 h at 25 degrees C. At 100 degrees C the PEG-modified enzyme was less stable in aqueous solution (t(1/2) similar to 10 min) than the native (unmodified) enzyme (t(1/2) similar to 1 h), but they exhibited comparable H-2 evolution, H-2 oxidation, and S degrees reduction activities at 80 degrees C. The H-2 evolution activity of the modified enzyme was twice that of the unmodified enzyme at 25 degrees C. The PEG-modified enzyme did not catalyze S degrees reduction (at 80 degrees C) in pure toluene unless H2O was added. The mechanism by which hydrogenase produces H2S appears to involve H2O as the proton source and H-2 as the electron source. The inability of the modified hydrogenase to catalyze S degrees reduction in a homogeneous nonaqueous phase complicates potential applications of this enzyme. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 65: 108-113, 1999. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Bioproc Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Adams, MWW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Life Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD OCT 5 PY 1999 VL 65 IS 1 BP 108 EP 113 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 229CU UT WOS:000082176600013 PM 10440677 ER PT J AU Durning, CJ O'Shaughnessy, B Sawhney, U Nguyen, D Majewski, J Smith, GS AF Durning, CJ O'Shaughnessy, B Sawhney, U Nguyen, D Majewski, J Smith, GS TI Adsorption of poly(methyl methacrylate) melts on quartz SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; POLYMER-FILMS; SCALING DESCRIPTION; SOLID INTERFACE; THIN; MOBILITY; DYNAMICS; LATTICE; SURFACE; LAYERS AB We studied by neutron reflection the architecture of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layers adsorbed on hydroxylated quartz from the melt. The samples were prepared by spin-coating about 1 mu m thick films of PMMA onto quartz plates, annealing at melt conditions for an extended period, and then leaching away unbound material in good solvent (benzene). Data on dry residual layers indicated a dense PMMA layer the thickness of which gradually increased with annealing time in the melt from an initial minimal value toward a final equilibrium thickness. Evidently, annealing in the melt gradually relaxes the rather nat nonequilibrium structure produced by spin-coating. The thicknesses, h, in a series of dry residual layers annealed for very long times in the melt obey h similar to N0.47+/-.05, where N is the degree of polymerization. This is close to the scaling expected for a reflected random walk (RRW) immobilized by the surface (h similar to N-1/2). Data on residual adsorbed layers swollen in a good solvent (deuterated benzene) indicate a strongly stretched, brushlike structure with a diffuse segment density profile, phi(z). The segment density decays phi(z) similar to z(-0.77+/-.03), faster than predicted by RRW statistics and indicates fewer long loops per chain than the RRW model. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. PPG Ind Inc, R&D Ctr, Allison Pk, PA 15101 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Durning, CJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 5 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 20 BP 6772 EP 6781 DI 10.1021/ma981785k PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 243NC UT WOS:000083003300049 ER PT J AU Sigalas, MM Biswas, R Ho, KM Soukoulis, CM Turner, D Vasiliu, B Kothari, SC Lin, S AF Sigalas, MM Biswas, R Ho, KM Soukoulis, CM Turner, D Vasiliu, B Kothari, SC Lin, S TI Waveguide bends in three-dimensional layer-by-layer photonic bandgap materials SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE photonic bandgap materials; waveguide bends; multiple-layer materials ID GAP CRYSTALS AB We theoretically investigate waveguide bends in three-dimensional dielectric photonic bandgap (PBG) materials. The PBG materials used in this study consist of layers of alumina rods. An L-shaped waveguide is created by removing part of the rod in one layer and part of the rod in the next layer. The removed rods are perpendicular to each other. Using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sigalas, MM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 1999 VL 23 IS 1 BP 56 EP 59 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2760(19991005)23:1<56::AID-MOP17>3.3.CO;2-T PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 237ZG UT WOS:000082686000017 ER PT J AU Borodko, Y Somorjai, GA AF Borodko, Y Somorjai, GA TI Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon oxides - a 10-year perspective SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; DISPERSED COBALT CATALYSTS; METHANOL SYNTHESIS; CO HYDROGENATION; MODEL CATALYSTS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE-REACTION; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; MOLECULAR-BEAM; LEWIS ACIDITY AB There are major developments in the science and technology of catalyzed hydrogenation of carbon oxides. Experiments reveal the structural sensitivity of H-2 and CO bonding and the potential energy surface leading to dissociation. The theoretical descriptions, of H-2, CO, and CO2 bond activation become more complete and show good correlation with experiments. CO2 hydrogenation to methanol dominates over Cu/ZnO catalysts, while methanol is produced primarily by the CO hydrogenation route over palladium-based systems. The oxide-metal interface sites are often better catalysts for C-O bond activation than the transition metal itself because of the Lewis acidity of certain high oxidation state transition metal oxides that resist reduction. Secondary reactions leading to oligomerization and polymerization of CHx fragments often occur. When higher molecular weight hydrocarbon production is desired, usually promoted binary alloy Go-Re and Co-Ru catalyst systems are utilized. Developments obtaining heat balance during steam reforming and in catalytic reactor technology have greatly improved the economics of producing liquid fuels from natural gas. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 67 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00154-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 232LV UT WOS:000082373000025 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Muto, S Jin, HC Abelson, JR AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Muto, S Jin, HC Abelson, JR TI The effects of x-ray induced structural changes on the microstructure of a-Si after thermal crystallization SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON AB We have investigated the effects of intense x-ray irradiation on the local relaxation in amorphous silicon films doped with Ge(a-Si:Ge) and subsequently the crystallization behavior of these films. The Ge-Si bond distance in the as-grown a-Si:Ge is slightly longer (similar to 0.004 A) than for the crystalline case (2.378 Angstrom). When the a-Si:Ge film was exposed to synchrotron x rays, the Ge-Si bond distance increased to a value closer to the sum of the covalent radii of Si and Ge (2.39 Angstrom). This x-ray-induced bond length dilation is found to be x-ray dose dependent and is strongest in the sample irradiated with x rays for 20 h (corresponding to a dose of similar to 1 photon/Si atom). The x-ray-induced bond dilation in the a-Si:Ge directly affects the crystallization of the films after irradiation. We found that the final grain size of the annealed Si crystal depends on the initial Ge-Si bond length in the amorphous film. The larger the RGe-Si (due to x-ray irradiation) the larger is the Si grain size after thermal annealing. The mechanism leading to the lattice relaxation in the amorphous phase and subsequently the crystal grain size after annealing due to x-ray irradiation will be discussed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)00540-9]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nagoya Univ, Div Energy Sci, Ctr Integrated Res Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Muto, Shunsuke/G-5741-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Muto, Shunsuke/0000-0001-6275-0649 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 14 BP 2032 EP 2034 DI 10.1063/1.124906 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240ZY UT WOS:000082857700012 ER PT J AU Heske, C Eich, D Fink, R Umbach, E Kakar, S van Buuren, T Bostedt, C Terminello, LJ Grush, MM Callcott, TA Himpsel, FJ Ederer, DL Perera, RCC Riedl, W Karg, F AF Heske, C Eich, D Fink, R Umbach, E Kakar, S van Buuren, T Bostedt, C Terminello, LJ Grush, MM Callcott, TA Himpsel, FJ Ederer, DL Perera, RCC Riedl, W Karg, F TI Localization of Na impurities at the buried CdS/Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 heterojunction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CU(IN,GA)SE-2 AB We demonstrate a general approach to identify and locate minority species at buried interfaces which are of fundamental interest in many fields of solid state research. The approach combines soft x-ray emission for bulk and photoelectron spectroscopy for surface sensitivity. In the present study, the interface between a thin CdS layer and a Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 thin film solar cell absorber has been investigated, showing that Na impurities are localized at the buried CdS/Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 heterojunction. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)02740-0]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Sight Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Siemens AG, Corp Res & Dev, D-80807 Munich, Germany. Siemens Solar GmbH, D-80807 Munich, Germany. RP Heske, C (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RI Fink, Rainer/F-8365-2010 OI Fink, Rainer/0000-0002-6896-4266 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 14 BP 2082 EP 2084 DI 10.1063/1.124923 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240ZY UT WOS:000082857700029 ER PT J AU Shen, CP Zemva, B Lucier, GM Graudejus, O Allman, JA Bartlett, N AF Shen, CP Zemva, B Lucier, GM Graudejus, O Allman, JA Bartlett, N TI Disproportionation of Ag(II) to Ag(I) and Ag(III) in fluoride systems and syntheses and structures of (AgF+)(2)AgF4-MF6- salts (M = As, Sb, Pt, Au, Ru) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; TRIFLUORIDE; COMPLEXES; SILVER AB Interaction of Ag+ salts in anhydrous liquid hydrogen fluoride, aHF, with AgF4- salts gives amorphous red-brown diamagnetic (AgAgTF4)-Ag-I-F-III, which transforms exothermally to brown, paramagnetic, microcrystalline (AgF2)-F-II below 0 degrees C. (AgAuF4)-Au-I-F-III prepared from Ag+ and AuF4- in aHF has a tetragonal unit cell and a KBrF4 type lattice, with a 5.788(1) Angstrom, c 10.806(2) Angstrom, and Z = 4. Blue-green (AgFAsF6)-F-II disproportionates in aHF (in the absence of F- acceptors) to colorless (AgAsF6)-As-I and a black pseudotrifluoride, ((AgFI)-F-II)(2)(AgF4-AsF6-)-F-III. The latter and other (AgF)(2)AgF4MF6 salts are also generated by oxidation of AgF2 or AgF+ salts in aHF with F-2 or in solutions of O2SMF6- salts (M = As, Sb, Pt, Au, Ru). Single crystals of (AgF)(2)AgF4AsF6 were grown from an AgFAsF6/AsF5 solution in aHF standing over AgF2 or AgFBF4, with F-2 as the oxidant. They are monoclinic, P2/c, at 20 degrees C, with a = 5.6045(6) Angstrom, b = 5.2567(6) Angstrom, c = 7.8061(8) Angstrom, beta = 96.594(9)degrees, and Z = 1. The structure consists of (AgF)(n)(n+) chains (F-Ag-F = 180 degrees, Ag-F-Ag = 153.9(11)degrees, Ag-F = 2.003(4) Angstrom), parallel to c, that enclose stacks of alternating AgF4- and AsF6-, each anion making bridging contact with four Ag(II) cations of the four surrounding chains "caging" them. There is no registry between the ordered array in one "cage" and that in any neighboring "cage". The F-ligand anion bridges between the anions and, with the Ag(II) of the chains, generates a trifluoride-like structure. (AgF)(2)AgF4AsF6 [like other (AgF)(n)(n+) salts] is a temperature-independent paramagnet except for a Curie "tail" below 50 K. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bartlett, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 20 BP 4570 EP 4577 DI 10.1021/ic9905603 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 243QM UT WOS:000083008800034 ER PT J AU Rapko, BM McNamara, BK Rogers, RD Lumetta, GJ Hay, BP AF Rapko, BM McNamara, BK Rogers, RD Lumetta, GJ Hay, BP TI Ordination of lanthanide nitrates with N,N,N ' ,N '- tetramethylsuccinamide SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID SOLUTION; CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; MALONAMIDES; DIAMIDE; IONS; PLUTONIUM(IV); URANIUM(VI) AB Two compound classes have been identified from the reaction of trivalent lanthanide nitrates with tetramethyl-succinamide (TMSA). The nature of these Ln-TMSA compounds has been examined in the solid phase by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction and in solution by infrared spectroscopy. Isostructural, 10-coordinate compounds with a 2:1 TMSA:Ln stoichiometry were found for the lanthanides La and Ce. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the Ln-TMSA nitrate compounds, Ln = La and Ce, reveals a polymeric structure with each metal center containing one chelating bidentate succinamide and two bridging bidentate succinamides. For the remaining lanthanides Pr, Nd, Gd, Yb, and Lu, a series of isostructural, 9-coordinate compounds containing a 3:2 TMSA:Ln ratio were formed. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the Ln-TMSA products, Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, and Yb, reveals these compounds to be dimeric, with each metal center containing one chelating bidentate succinamide and two bridging bidentate succinamides. The solution stoichiometries were examined in acetonitrile-water mixtures and support the stoichiometries observed in the solid-state structures. Cerium nitrate appears to be a special (and transitional) lanthanide in its reaction with TMSA. Although infrared and TGA analyses indicate a 2:1 ligand-to-metal product, crystals for both the 2:1 and 3:2 compounds were isolated. No evidence for such multiple forms was found with any of the other lanthanides. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Rapko, BM (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013 OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 20 BP 4585 EP 4592 DI 10.1021/ic990535x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 243QM UT WOS:000083008800036 ER PT J AU Kladko, K Malek, J Bishop, AR AF Kladko, K Malek, J Bishop, AR TI Intrinsic localized modes in the charge-transfer solid PtCl SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Letter ID COMPLEXES; SYSTEMS AB We report a theoretical analysis of intrinsic localized modes in a quasi-one-dimensional charge-transfer solid, [Pt(en)(2)][Pt(en)(2)Cl-2](ClO4)(4)(PtCl). We discuss strongly non-linear features of resonant Raman overtone scattering measurements on PtCl, arising from quantum intrinsic localized (multiphonon) modes (ILMs) and ILM-plus-phonon states. We show that Raman scattering data display clear signs of a non-thermalization of the lattice degrees of freedom, manifested in a non-equilibrium density of intrinsic localized modes. Adiabatic lattice dynamics is used in a model two-band Peierls-Hubbard Hamiltonian, including a screened Coulomb interaction between neighbouring sites. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized on a finite chain. The calculated adiabatic potential for Peierls distortion of the Cl sublattice displays characteristic non-analytic points, related to a lattice-distortion-induced charge transfer Possible non-adiabatic effects on ILMs are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. RP Kladko, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Malek, Jiri/G-7223-2014 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 39 BP L415 EP L422 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/11/39/101 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 246KG UT WOS:000083162500001 ER PT J AU Savage, MJ Springer, RP AF Savage, MJ Springer, RP TI Parity violation in effective field theory and the deuteron anapole moment (vol 644, pg 235, 1998) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Correction AB We correct our paper "Parity violation in effective field theory and the deuteron anapole moment", Nucl. Phys. A 644 (1998) 235-244. The expression for the deuteron anapole moment is modified, and we discuss the chiral limit of our result. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Savage, MJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 657 IS 4 BP 457 EP 459 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 249KQ UT WOS:000083332600006 ER PT J AU Timmermans, E Tommasini, P Cote, R Hussein, MS Kerman, A AF Timmermans, E Tommasini, P Cote, R Hussein, MS Kerman, A TI Rarified liquid properties of hybrid atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS; FESHBACH RESONANCES; COLLISIONS; SCATTERING; FIELDS; GASES AB In the atomic Bose-Einstein condensate, the interactions that bring a binary atom system to an intermediate state molecule in the Feshbach resonance create a second condensate component of molecules. The atomic and molecular condensates coherently exchange pairs of atoms. We discuss a signature of the coherent intercondensate exchange: Josephson-like oscillations of the atomic and molecular populations in response to a sudden change of the energy detuning. The dependence of the many-body ground state energy on volume suggests that the on-resonant ground state is a dilute condensate with the liquidlike property of a self-determined density. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Timmermans, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 31 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 14 BP 2691 EP 2694 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2691 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241PV UT WOS:000082892500002 ER PT J AU Raichle, BW Gould, CR Haase, DG Seely, ML Walston, JR Tornow, W Wilburn, WS Penttila, SI Hoffmann, GW AF Raichle, BW Gould, CR Haase, DG Seely, ML Walston, JR Tornow, W Wilburn, WS Penttila, SI Hoffmann, GW TI Double polarized neutron-proton scattering and meson-exchange nucleon-nucleon potential models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORCE AB We report an polarized beam-polarized target measurements of the spin-dependent neutron-proton total cross-section differences in longitudinal and transverse geometries (Delta sigma(L) and Delta sigma(T), respectively) between E-n = 5 and 20 MeV. Single-parameter phase-shift analyses were performed to extract the phase-shift mixing parameter epsilon(1), which characterizes the strength of the nucleon-nucleon tensor interaction at low energies. Consistent with the trend of previous determinations at E-n = 25 and 50 MeV, our values for epsilon(1) imply a stronger tensor force than predicted by meson-exchange nucleon-nucleon potential models and nucleon-nucleon phase-shift analyses. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Morehead State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Raichle, BW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Gould, Christopher/M-7676-2013 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 14 BP 2711 EP 2714 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2711 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241PV UT WOS:000082892500007 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Ruiz, M Criado, A Bermejo, FJ Cuello, GJ Trouw, FR Fernandez-Perea, R Lowen, H Cabrillo, C Fischer, HE AF Jimenez-Ruiz, M Criado, A Bermejo, FJ Cuello, GJ Trouw, FR Fernandez-Perea, R Lowen, H Cabrillo, C Fischer, HE TI Purely dynamical signature of the orientational glass transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISORDERED MATTER; ORDER AB The dynamics of the freezing transition of the rotator phase crystal of ethanol into its orientational glass phase is monitored by measurements of molecular rotational components in the quasielastic neutron scattering spectrum. We demonstrate that phenomena observed at pico- and nanosecond scales can be mapped onto those shown by a model of infinitely thin hard needles rotating around body-centered-cubic lattice positions. As the model glass transition is of purely dynamical origin, our findings support the idea that the glass transition is purely dynamical and not associated with any thermodynamic phase transition. C1 CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Univ Sevilla, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Jimenez-Ruiz, M (reprint author), CSIC, Serrano 121-123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RI Cuello, Gabriel/C-5831-2009; Fernandez-Perea, Ricardo/E-9118-2016; Lowen, Hartmut/K-9999-2016; Fischer, Henry/D-5299-2012 OI Cuello, Gabriel/0000-0003-3844-0602; Fernandez-Perea, Ricardo/0000-0002-4011-2344; Lowen, Hartmut/0000-0001-5376-8062; Fischer, Henry/0000-0002-1204-0750 NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 14 BP 2757 EP 2760 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2757 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241PV UT WOS:000082892500019 ER PT J AU Islam, Z Detlefs, C Song, C Goldman, AI Antropov, V Harmon, BN Bud'ko, SL Wiener, T Canfield, PC Wermeille, D Finkelstein, KD AF Islam, Z Detlefs, C Song, C Goldman, AI Antropov, V Harmon, BN Bud'ko, SL Wiener, T Canfield, PC Wermeille, D Finkelstein, KD TI Effects of band filling on magnetic structures: The case of RNi2Ge2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE-SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION AB We establish that strong Fermi surface nesting drives the Neel transition in the RNi2Ge2 compounds. Generalized susceptibility, chi(0)(q), calculations found nesting to be responsible for both incommensurate wave vector, (0 0 0.793), in GdNi2Ge2, and the commensurate structure, (0 0 1), in EuNi2Ge2, as revealed by x-ray resonant exchange scattering. A continuous transition from incommensurate to commensurate magnetic structures via band filling is predicted. The surprisingly higher T-N in EuNi2Ge2 than that in GdNi2Ge2 is also explained. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Islam, Z (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RI Detlefs, Carsten/B-6244-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Detlefs, Carsten/0000-0003-2573-2286; NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 14 BP 2817 EP 2820 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2817 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 241PV UT WOS:000082892500034 ER PT J AU Walsh, MA Evans, G Sanishvili, R Dementieva, I Joachimiak, A AF Walsh, MA Evans, G Sanishvili, R Dementieva, I Joachimiak, A TI MAD data collection - current trends SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MULTIWAVELENGTH ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHASE DETERMINATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SELENOMETHIONYL PROTEINS; SCATTERING FACTORS; CRYOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DISPERSION; MOLSCRIPT AB The multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method of protein structure determination is becoming a routine technique in protein crystallography, The increased number of wavelength-tuneable synchrotron beamlines capable of performing challenging MAD experiments, coupled with the widespread availability of charge-coupled device (CCD) based X-ray detectors with fast read-out times have brought MAD structure determination to a new exciting level. Ultrafast MAD data collection is now possible and, with the widespread use of selenium in the form of selenomethionine for phase determination, the method is growing in popularity. Recent developments in crystallographic software are complementing the above advances, paving the way for rapid protein structure determination. An overview of a typical MAD experiment is described, with emphasis on the rates and quality of data acquisition now achievable at third-generation synchrotron sources. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Walsh, MA (reprint author), Ist Ric Biol Mol P Angeletti, Via Pontina Km 30600, I-00040 Pomezia, Italy. RI Walsh, Martin/I-1566-2013; Evans, Gwyndaf/R-5524-2016 OI Walsh, Martin/0000-0001-5683-1151; Evans, Gwyndaf/0000-0002-6079-2201 NR 42 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 55 BP 1726 EP 1732 DI 10.1107/S0907444999008392 PN 10 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 247QZ UT WOS:000083232600013 PM 10531522 ER PT J AU Dai, S Shin, YS Ju, YH Burleigh, MC Lin, JS Barnes, CE Xue, ZL AF Dai, S Shin, YS Ju, YH Burleigh, MC Lin, JS Barnes, CE Xue, ZL TI A new methodology to functionalize surfaces of ordered mesoporous materials based on ion exchange reactions SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; TEMPLATES; COMPLEXES; POLYMERS; SILICA C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 23 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 14 BP 1226 EP 1230 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199910)11:14<1226::AID-ADMA1226>3.3.CO;2-H PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 244NW UT WOS:000083058500019 ER PT J AU Maziasz, PJ AF Maziasz, PJ TI Materials for large rotating machinery SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maziasz, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 156 IS 4 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 246ZY UT WOS:000083197200003 ER PT J AU Roach, D Dorrell, L Kollgaard, J Dreher, T AF Roach, D Dorrell, L Kollgaard, J Dreher, T TI Optimizing composite inspections SO AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, FAA Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Boeing Commercial Airplane Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. United Airlines, Chicago, IL 60666 USA. RP Roach, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, FAA Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AUTOMOTIVE ENG INC PI WARRENDALE PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 USA SN 0736-2536 J9 AEROSPACE ENG JI Aerosp. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 19 IS 10 BP 30 EP 32 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 245NV UT WOS:000083115800022 ER PT J AU Atkins, J Hart, WE AF Atkins, J Hart, WE TI On the intractability of protein folding with a finite alphabet of amino acids SO ALGORITHMICA LA English DT Article DE protein folding; intractability; protein structure prediction ID STRUCTURE PREDICTION; COMPLEXITY; MODELS AB We describe a proof of NP-hardness for a lattice protein folding model whose instances contain protein sequences defined with a fixed, finite alphabet that contains 12 amino acid types. This lattice model represents a protein's conformation as a self-avoiding path that is embedded on the three-dimensional cubic lattice. A contact potential is used to determine the energy of a sequence in a given conformation; a pair of amino acids contributes to the conformational energy only if they are adjacent on the lattice. This result overcomes a significant weakness of previous intractability results, which do not examine protein folding models that have a finite alphabet of amino acids together with physically interesting conformations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Atkins, J (reprint author), 39th Floor,Tower 45,120 W 45th St, New York, NY 10036 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-4617 J9 ALGORITHMICA JI Algorithmica PD OCT-NOV PY 1999 VL 25 IS 2-3 BP 279 EP 294 DI 10.1007/PL00008278 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 379YY UT WOS:000165671800008 ER PT J AU Cryan, M Goldberg, LA Phillips, CA AF Cryan, M Goldberg, LA Phillips, CA TI Approximation algorithms for the fixed-topology phylogenetic number problem SO ALGORITHMICA LA English DT Article DE phylogeny; approximation algorithm; computational biology ID COMPUTATIONAL-COMPLEXITY; PARSIMONY AB In the l-phylogeny problem, one wishes to construct an evolutionary tree for a set of species represented by characters, in which each state of each character induces no more than l connected components. We consider the fixed-topology version of this problem for fixed-topologies of arbitrary degree. This version of the problem is known to be NP-complete for a l greater than or equal to even for degree-3 trees in which no state labels more than l + 1 leaves (and therefore there is a trivial l + 1 phylogeny). We give a 2-approximation algorithm for all l greater than or equal to 3 for arbitrary input topologies and we give an optimal approximation algorithm that constructs a 4-phylogeny when a 3-phylogeny exists. Dynamic programming techniques, which are typically used in fixed-topology problems, cannot be applied to l-phylogeny problems. Our 2-approximation algorithm is the first application of linear programming to approximation algorithms for phylogeny problems. We extend our results to a related problem in which characters are polymorphic. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cryan, M (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-4617 J9 ALGORITHMICA JI Algorithmica PD OCT-NOV PY 1999 VL 25 IS 2-3 BP 311 EP 329 DI 10.1007/PL00008280 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 379YY UT WOS:000165671800010 ER PT J AU Cheeseman, LMT Raja, R Lowe, X Nath, J Wyrobek, AJ AF Cheeseman, LMT Raja, R Lowe, X Nath, J Wyrobek, AJ TI Parallel expression analyses of DNA repair genes in adult mouse brain and testis using cDNA microarrays. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. W Virginia Univ, Genet Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 2386 BP A421 EP A421 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879802385 ER PT J AU Doggett, NA Mundt, MO Bruce, DC Munk, AC Robinson, DL Jones, MD Buckingham, JM Chasteen, LA Saunders, EH Goodwin, LA Williams, AL Longmire, JL White, PS Deaven, LL AF Doggett, NA Mundt, MO Bruce, DC Munk, AC Robinson, DL Jones, MD Buckingham, JM Chasteen, LA Saunders, EH Goodwin, LA Williams, AL Longmire, JL White, PS Deaven, LL TI Draft and finished sequencing of human chromosome 16. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 1242 BP A225 EP A225 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879801243 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Lowe, X Kidd, S Weisiger, K Moore, D Chuu, YJ Aylstock, M Wyrobek, A AF Eskenazi, B Lowe, X Kidd, S Weisiger, K Moore, D Chuu, YJ Aylstock, M Wyrobek, A TI Higher frequencies of X-Y aneuploid sperm in fathers of boys with Klinefelter syndrome when the extra X-chromosome was of paternal origin. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Klinefelter Syndrome & Associates, Roseville, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 380 BP A72 EP A72 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800381 ER PT J AU Friddle, CJ Bristow, J Koga, T Rubin, EM AF Friddle, CJ Bristow, J Koga, T Rubin, EM TI Genome-wide expression analysis identifies novel genes participating in cardiac hypertrophy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UCSF, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 141 BP A28 EP A28 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800144 ER PT J AU Lin, SD Cooper, P Rubin, EM AF Lin, SD Cooper, P Rubin, EM TI Genome scan identifies a locus affecting gamma globulin expression in human beta-cluster YAC transgenic mice. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 559 BP A106 EP A106 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800562 ER PT J AU Qiu, Y Cheng, J AF Qiu, Y Cheng, J TI The use of DNA microarray to study genes affecting a phenotype related with schizophrenia in a mouse model. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 2359 BP A417 EP A417 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879802362 ER PT J AU Rubin, EM Cretu, G Miller, W Frazer, KA AF Rubin, EM Cretu, G Miller, W Frazer, KA TI Cross-species sequencing and functional studies identify non-coding elements with biological import including a potent IL-4 and IL-13 enhancer. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 485 BP A93 EP A93 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800486 ER PT J AU Slaugenhaupt, SA Acierno, JS Helbling, LA Bove, C Bach, G Ashworth, L Goldin, E Schiffmann, R AF Slaugenhaupt, SA Acierno, JS Helbling, LA Bove, C Bach, G Ashworth, L Goldin, E Schiffmann, R TI Minimization of the Mucolipidosis Type IV candidate region on human chromosome 19 by haplotype analysis and detailed physical mapping. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Inst Human Genet, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Mol Neurogenet Unit, Charlestown, MA USA. NINDS, Dev & Metab Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Hadassah Univ Hosp, Dept Human Genet, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 533 BP A101 EP A101 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800534 ER PT J AU Sloter, E Nath, J Wyrobek, AJ AF Sloter, E Nath, J Wyrobek, AJ TI Correlation between numerical and structural chromosome damage in sperm from 13 healthy men using multicolor FISH. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Livermore, CA USA. W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 2020 BP A357 EP A357 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879802021 ER PT J AU Willig, TN Draptchinskaia, N Dianzani, I Ball, S Niemeyer, C Ramenghi, U Orfali, K Gustavsson, P Garelli, E Brusco, A Tiemann, C Dahl, N Mohandas, N Tchernia, G AF Willig, TN Draptchinskaia, N Dianzani, I Ball, S Niemeyer, C Ramenghi, U Orfali, K Gustavsson, P Garelli, E Brusco, A Tiemann, C Dahl, N Mohandas, N Tchernia, G TI Mutations in ribosomal protein S19 gene account for Diamond Blackfan anemia phenotype in 58 out of 216 affected families. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Uppsala Univ, Child Hosp, Clin Genet Unit, Dept Genet & Pathol, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Turin, Dept Ped & Genet, Turin, Italy. St George Hosp, Sch Med, DBA Study Grp, Div Haematol,Dept Cellular & Mol Sci, London, England. Univ Freiburg, Kinderklin, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 2839 BP A498 EP A498 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879802838 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Jong, MC Frazer, KA Gong, E Krauss, RM Cheng, JF Rubin, EM AF Zhu, Y Jong, MC Frazer, KA Gong, E Krauss, RM Cheng, JF Rubin, EM TI Genomic interval engineering of mice identifies a novel modulator of triglyceride production. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. TNO Prevent & Hlth, Gaubius Lab, Leiden, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 293 BP A56 EP A56 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879800294 ER PT J AU Zollino, M Di Stefano, C Zampino, G Bortotto, L Wright, TJ Altherr, MR Neri, G AF Zollino, M Di Stefano, C Zampino, G Bortotto, L Wright, TJ Altherr, MR Neri, G TI Clinical diagnostic criteria for Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Ist Pediat, I-00168 Rome, Italy. Univ Utah, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Gen Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4 SU S MA 2063 BP A365 EP A365 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 241JQ UT WOS:000082879802064 ER PT J AU Brodkin, CA Daniell, W Echeverria, D Redlich, C Checkoway, H AF Brodkin, CA Daniell, W Echeverria, D Redlich, C Checkoway, H TI Concerns and assumptions of labor and management in the dry-cleaning industry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE hepatotoxicity; perchloroethylene; dry cleaners; health and safety; ultrasonic imaging C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med & Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Yale Univ, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Brodkin, CA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med & Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 482 EP 483 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 232DF UT WOS:000082349900010 PM 10470014 ER PT J AU Lamoreaux, SK AF Lamoreaux, SK TI Resource letter GF-1: Casimir force SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID QUANTUM-FIELD-THEORY; ZETA-FUNCTION APPROACH; ZERO-POINT ENERGY; VAN-DER-WAALS; PERFECTLY CONDUCTING WEDGE; INTERACTING SCALAR FIELD; LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; QED VACUUM ENERGY; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; RADIATION-PRESSURE AB This resource letter provides an introductory guide to the literature on the Casimir force. Journal articles and books are cited for the following topics: introductory articles and books, calculations, dynamical Casimir effect, mechanical analogs, applications, and experiments. (C) 1999 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lamoreaux, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P23, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 365 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 67 IS 10 BP 850 EP 861 DI 10.1119/1.19138 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 243CU UT WOS:000082980100002 ER PT J AU Richard, CA Rector, DM Harper, RK Harper, RM AF Richard, CA Rector, DM Harper, RK Harper, RM TI Optical imaging of the ventral medullary surface across sleep-wake states SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; cardiovascular control; respiration; rapid eye movement sleep; cat ID INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; ANESTHETIZED GOATS; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; LOCUS-CERULEUS; NEURONS; STIMULATION; AWAKE; CAT; RESPONSES; LESIONS AB We hypothesized that spontaneous activity declines over widespread areas of the cat ventral medullary surface (VMS) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. We assessed neural and hemodynamic activity, measured as changes in reflected 660- and 560-nm wavelength light, from the VMS during sleep and waking states in five adult, unrestrained cats and in two control cats. Relative to quiet sleep, overall activity declined, and variability, assessed by standard deviation, increased by 25% during REM sleep. Variability inactivity during waking also increased by 45% over quiet sleep, but mean activity was unchanged. REM sleep onset was preceded by a reduction in the hemodynamic signal from 5 to 60 s before neural activity decline. The activity decline during REM sleep, previously noted in the goat rostral VMS, extends to intermediate VMS areas of the cat and differs from most neural sites, such as the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus, which increase activity during REM sleep. The activity decline during REM sleep has the potential to modify VMS responsiveness to baroreceptor and chemoreceptor challenges during the REM state. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Brain Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Orange, CA 92868 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harper, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, 10833 Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-22418] NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 277 IS 4 BP R1239 EP R1245 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 259XR UT WOS:000083919700039 PM 10516267 ER PT J AU Pinder, JE Rea, TE Funsch, DE AF Pinder, JE Rea, TE Funsch, DE TI Deforestation, reforestation and forest fragmentation on the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina and Georgia SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER; LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; HISTORY; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; INCENTIVES; POPULATION; PIEDMONT AB Rates of deforestation and reforestation were measured using Landsat Multispectral Scanner data for a 100-km by 100-km section of the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina and Georgia. Landsat data from 1974, 1979, 1984, 1988 and 1991 were (1) classified as pine forest, hardwood forest and nonforested areas and (2) compared across years to indicate forest cutting and regeneration. In 1974 hardwood forests occurred on 268,335 ha, or 27% of the area, and these forests were largely uncut in subsequent years. In 1974 pines occurred on 202,613 ha, or 20% of the area, but cutting rates of approximately 6600 ha y(-1) reduced the area of this initial pine forest to 110,146 ha in 1988 and 82,795 ha in 1991. The rate of pine cutting on privately owned land was 4.0% y(-1), which is greater than that observed for most tropical forests. Pine reforestation rates were 3200 ha y(-1) and were too small to maintain the area in pine. The total pine area in 1988, including remnants of the 1974 forest and reforestation since 1974, was 155,559 ha, or 77% of that in 1974. The rapid rate of loss of pine habitat indicated by the Landsat data was nor apparent in the United States Forest Service (USFS) surveys for the same region and time. This discrepancy is due to methodological differences between USFS procedures, which measure forests as product resources, and the Landsat data, which measure forests as habitat area. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Alleluia Community Sch, Augusta, GA 30906 USA. RP Pinder, JE (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 142 IS 2 BP 213 EP 228 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1999)142[0213:DRAFFO]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 243ZN UT WOS:000083027500002 ER PT J AU Rosso, KM Becker, U Hochella, MF AF Rosso, KM Becker, U Hochella, MF TI Atomically resolved electronic structure of pyrite {100} surfaces: An experimental and theoretical investigation with implications for reactivity SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL PYRITES; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MINERAL SURFACES; FRACTURED PYRITE; LOW-TEMPERATURES; CLEAVAGE PLANES; GOLD DEPOSITION; FES2; SPECTROSCOPY AB Clean pyrite {100} surfaces, generated by cleaving in UHV, were investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy for the purpose of understanding the electronic structure at the surface. Calculations of the surface atomic structure and LEED data support a (100) surface structure that undergoes very little relaxation and can be approximated by a simple termination of the bulk structure along a plane of cleaved Fe-S bonds. UPS spectra show a well defined peak at similar to 1 eV forming the top of the valence band for the near surface. Calculated densities of states for the bulk crystal suggest that this band is comprised primarily of non-bonding Fe 3d t(2g) character and lesser S 3p and Fe 3d e(g) character. Slab calculations predict that the loss of coordination at the surface results primarily in the displacement of Fe 3d(z2)-like surface states into the bulk band gap. Evidence for this surface state is found in low bias STM imaging and normalized single-point tunneling spectra. Calculations of the LDOS at surface Fe and S sites indicate that the highest occupied state is primarily of 3d(z2)-like character and the lowest unoccupied state is of mixed Fe 3d(z2)-S 3p character. The results predict that due to the dangling bond surface states, Fe sites are energetically favored over S-2 sites for redox interaction with electron donors or acceptor species on this surface. Surface redox reactions are expected to involve the quenching of these high energy dangling bonds, leading to new bonds and surface species, changing the chemical makeup of the surface. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Rosso, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.rosso@pnl.gov RI Becker, Udo/F-7339-2011 OI Becker, Udo/0000-0002-1550-0484 NR 70 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 32 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1535 EP 1548 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 244YT UT WOS:000083078900007 ER PT J AU Rosso, KM Becker, U Hochella, MF AF Rosso, KM Becker, U Hochella, MF TI The interaction of pyrite {100} surfaces with O-2 and H2O: Fundamental oxidation mechanisms SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; CLEAVAGE PLANES; FERRIC IRON; FES2(100); KINETICS; SULFUR; EFFICIENT AB The interaction of gaseous O-2, H2O, and their mixtures with clean {100} surfaces of pyrite (FeS2) were investigated in ultra-high vacuum using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM-STS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and ab initio calculations. He I UPS spectra of O-2 exposed surfaces show that the density of states decreases at the top of the valence band but increases deeper in the valence band. These changes indicate oxidative consumption of low binding energy electrons occupying dangling bond surface states localized on surface Fe atoms, and the formation of Fe-O bonds. No such changes in the valence band spectra are observed for pyrite surfaces exposed to H2O. However, UPS spectra of surfaces exposed to mixtures of O-2 and H2O demonstrate that the combined gases more aggressively oxidize the surface compared to equivalent exposures of pure O-2. Atomically resolved STM images of O-2 and O-2-H2O exposed surfaces show discrete oxidation "patches" where reacted surface Fe sites have lost surface state density to the sorbed species. STS spectra show the removal of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied surface state density associated with dangling bond states consistent with the interaction of sorbates with surface Fe sites. Ab initio cluster calculations of adsorption energies and the interaction of O-2 and water species with the surface show that O-2 dissociatively sorbs and H2O molecularly sorbs to surface Fe. For the mixtures, the calculations indicate that H2O dissociatively sorbs when O-2 is present on the surface. Charge population analyses also show that the surface S sites become more electropositive in this environment which should allow for easier formation of S-O surface bonds, thus promoting the production of sulfate during oxidation. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Rosso, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Becker, Udo/F-7339-2011 OI Becker, Udo/0000-0002-1550-0484 NR 42 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 24 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1549 EP 1561 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 244YT UT WOS:000083078900008 ER PT J AU Farges, F Neuville, DR Brown, GE AF Farges, F Neuville, DR Brown, GE TI Structural investigation of platinum solubility in silicate glasses SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; MELTS; SPECTROSCOPY; ELEMENTS; DYNAMICS; IRIDIUM AB The coordination environment of 20-200 ppm Pt in yellowish glasses from the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CAS) ternary was studied using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at the Pt-L-III edge. Analysis of the Pt-L-III edge region suggests that Pt in these glasses is mainly tetravalent and sixfold-coordinated by O (with a mean Pt-O distance of 2.08 +/- 0.02 Angstrom). No evidence for Pt2+ or Pt6+ was found in any of the glasses studied, suggesting that one can not derive valence information easily from solubility data. No second-neighbor contribution was observed around Pr4+O6 polyhedra. However, bond-valence modeling suggest that these polyhedra are likely to bond mostly to Ca-[VI](2+), which should promote high positional disorder of second-neighbor cations around Pt. This particular bonding arrangement may explain the relatively high solubility of Pt in these relatively depolymerized melts, as CaPtO3-type units. C1 Univ Marne la Vallee, Lab Geomat, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. CNRS, Lab Phys Geomat, F-75252 Paris, France. Inst Phys Globe, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Farges, F (reprint author), Univ Marne la Vallee, Lab Geomat, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1562 EP 1568 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 244YT UT WOS:000083078900009 ER PT J AU Linton, JA Fei, YW Navrotsky, A AF Linton, JA Fei, YW Navrotsky, A TI The MgTiO3-FeTiO3 join at high pressure and temperature SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; PEROVSKITE; ILMENITE; MNTIO3; FETIO3; THERMODYNAMICS; STABILITY AB The phase relations at high pressure and high temperature for the FeTiO3-MgTiO3 join were determined using several different experimental methods. Through a series of multi-anvil experiments, a phase boundary with a negative slope was observed between MgTiO3 I (ilmenite structure) and a high pressure phase with the MgTiO3 II (lithium niobate structure) after quenching. The enthalpy of transformation of MgTiO3 I to MgTiO3 II was determined through transposed-temperature-drop calorimetry to be 28.78 +/- 1.45 kJ/mol. The enthalpy of transformation from ilmenite to lithium niobate structure was also determined for three intermediate compositions on the FeTiO3-MgTiO3 join, Fe0.2Mg0.8TiO3, Fe0.5Mg0.5TiO3 and Fe0.8Mg0.2TiO3, and confirmed for FeTiO3, and was found to be a linear function of composition. These experiments represent one of the first successful calorimetric measurements on small samples (1 to 3 mg) synthesized at high pressures (15 to 21 GPa). X-ray analysis during compression of Fe0.5Mg0.5TiO3 II in a diamond cell confirmed a room temperature transition at 28 GPa to Fe0.5Mg0.5TiO3 III (a GdFeO3-type perovskite structure), similar to the transitions previously observed in FeTiO3 and MnTiO3. The Fe0.5Mg0.5TiO3 sample was heated to 802 degrees C at 21 GPa, and it was observed that the stable high temperature, high pressure phase is perovskite, Fe0.5Mg0.5TiO3 III. The above data combined confirm the stability of a continuous perovskite solid solution at high pressure and temperature for the FeTiO3-MgTiO3 join. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Ctr High Pressure Res, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Ctr High Pressure Res, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr High Pressure Res, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Linton, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Basic Energy Sci Synchrotron Radiat Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Fei, Yingwei/F-3709-2011 OI Fei, Yingwei/0000-0001-9955-5353 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1595 EP 1603 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 244YT UT WOS:000083078900013 ER PT J AU Navrotsky, A Dooley, D Reeder, R Brady, P AF Navrotsky, A Dooley, D Reeder, R Brady, P TI Calorimetric studies of the energetics of order-disorder in the system Mg1-xFexCa(CO3)(2) SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTION; DOLOMITE AB Calorimetric studies by Chai and Navrotsky (1996) on dolomite-ankerite energetics have been extended by including two additional types of samples: a very disordered stoichiometric MgCa(CO3)(2) prepared from low-temperature aqueous solution and three largely ordered natural samples of intermediate iron content. Combining these data with previous work, we see three distinct energetic trends. These represent samples with nearly complete order, nearly complete disorder, and intermediate order. From these trends, the enthalpy of complete disordering is estimated to be 33 +/- 6 kJ/mol for MgCa(CO3)(2) and 18 +/- 5 kJ/mol for FeCa(CO3)(2). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Piedmont Coll, Dept Earth Space & Environm Sci, Demorest, GA 30535 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1622 EP 1626 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 244YT UT WOS:000083078900016 ER PT J AU Sigman, ME Ma, CY AF Sigman, ME Ma, CY TI In-injection port thermal desorption for explosives trace evidence analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LEVEL AB A gas chromatographic method utilizing thermal desorption of a dry surface wipe for the analysis of explosives trace chemical evidence has been developed and validated using electron capture and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection. Thermal desorption was performed within a split/splitless injection port with minimal instrument modification. Surface-abraded Tenon tubing provided the solid support for sample collection and desorption. Performance was characterized by desorption efficiency, reproducibility, linearity of the calibration, and method detection and quantitation limits. Method validation was performed with a series of dinitrotoluenes, trinitrotoluene, two nitroester explosives, and one nitramine explosive. The method was applied to the sampling of a single piece of debris from an explosion containing trinitrotoluene. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sigman, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008,MS 6100, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 19 BP 4119 EP 4124 DI 10.1021/ac9901079 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 241RM UT WOS:000082896400011 PM 21662844 ER PT J AU Schrum, DP Culbertson, CT Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM AF Schrum, DP Culbertson, CT Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM TI Microchip flow cytometry using electrokinetic focusing SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CHANNEL ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; POSTCOLUMN REACTOR; SAMPLE INJECTION; GLASS CHIPS; SEPARATIONS; DEVICE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS; CELLS AB Flow cytometry of fluorescently labeled and unlabeled latex particles is demonstrated on a microfabricated device. The latex particles were detected and counted using laser light scattering and fluorescence coincidence measurements. Sample confinement was accomplished using electrokinetic focusing at a cross intersection, and detection occurred 50 mu m downstream from the intersection. Particles with diameters of 1 and 2 mu m were analyzed and distinguished from each other based on their light scattering intensity and fluorescence. A maximum sample throughput of 34 particles/s was achieved, Sample mixtures with varying proportions of fluorescently labeled and unlabeled particles were also analyzed and found to be within experimental error of the expected ratios. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ramsey, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Culbertson, Christopher/0000-0002-6833-3237 NR 29 TC 182 Z9 189 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 19 BP 4173 EP 4177 DI 10.1021/ac990372u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 241RM UT WOS:000082896400019 PM 21662848 ER PT J AU Belgrader, P Hansford, D Kovacs, GTA Venkateswaran, K Mariella, R Milanovich, F Nasarabadi, S Okuzumi, M Pourahmadi, F Northrup, MA AF Belgrader, P Hansford, D Kovacs, GTA Venkateswaran, K Mariella, R Milanovich, F Nasarabadi, S Okuzumi, M Pourahmadi, F Northrup, MA TI A minisonicator to rapidly disrupt bacterial spores for DNA analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; MICROCHIP PCR; INSTRUMENT AB Concerns about the use of anthrax spores as a weapon of mass destruction have motivated the development of portable instruments capable of detecting and monitoring a suspected release of the agent. Optimal detection of bacterial spores by PCR requires that the spores be disrupted to make the endogenous DNA available for amplification. The entire process of spore lysis, PCR, and detection can take several hours using conventional methods and instruments. In this report, a minisonicator and prototype spore lysis cartridge were built to disrupt Bacillus spores in 30 s for rapid, real-time PCR analysis. Utilization of the minisonicator improved PCR analysis by decreasing the limit of detection, reducing the time of detection, and increasing the signal amplitude. Total time of spore disruption and detection using the minisonicator and a microchip PCR instrument was less than 15 min. C1 Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Belgrader, P (reprint author), Cepheid, 1190 Borregas Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. RI Hansford, Derek/B-5306-2012 NR 26 TC 119 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 19 BP 4232 EP 4236 DI 10.1021/ac990347o PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 241RM UT WOS:000082896400028 PM 10517145 ER PT J AU Deng, HT Van Berkel, GJ AF Deng, HT Van Berkel, GJ TI Electrochemical polymerization of aniline investigated using on line electrochemistry/electrospray mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS SULFURIC-ACID; CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS; POLYANILINE; OXIDATION AB A thin-layer electrochemical now cell coupled on-line with electrospray mass spectrometry (EC/ES-MS) was used to investigate the soluble products from the controlled-potential anodic polymerization of aniline in H2O and H2O/CH3OH (1/1 v/v) with ammonium acetate and acetic acid or ammonium hydroxide as electrolytes (pH 4, 6.5, or 9), At a working electrode (glassy carbon) potential of 1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl, singly protonated aniline oligomers containing as many as 10 aniline units (10-mer) were observed in the ES mass spectra when the polymerization in H2O/CH3OH at pH 4 was carried out. The abundance of the higher n-mers decreased at higher solution pH and in 100% H2O at pH 4, Most of the oligomers were observed in more than one redox state ranging from fully oxidized tall imine nitrogens) to fully reduced tall amine nitrogens), The number of different redox states observed for the n-mers increased with increasing n. The structures of the reduced (m/z 185) and oxidized (m/z 183) aniline dimer ions (head-to-tail, tail-to-tail, or head-to-head) produced from the polymerization of aniline at pH 4, 6.5, and 9 in H2O/CH3OH were revealed to vary as a function of pH by comparison of their tandem mass spectrometry product ion spectra with the product ion spectra of the dimer standards. EC/ES-MS potential scan experiments, in which the working electrode current and major n-mer ions for n = 2, 3, and 4 were monitored as a function of electrode potential, were used to probe the growth mechanism to higher aniline oligomers, Under the conditions used, the controlled-current electrolytic process inherent to the operation of the ES ion source did not significantly influence the formation or nature of the oligomers observed. Beyond the current application, the results presented here serve to demonstrate the utility of EC/ESMS as a tool in identifying the initial products of electropolymerization and in studying the products of electrode reactions in general. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 30 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 19 BP 4284 EP 4293 DI 10.1021/ac990527y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 241RM UT WOS:000082896400036 PM 21662856 ER PT J AU McPherson, DW Luo, H Kropp, J Knapp, FF AF McPherson, DW Luo, H Kropp, J Knapp, FF TI Improved radioiodination of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-IPPA via a tributyltin intermediate SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE tributylstannyltriglyceride; MIPAG; pancreatic lipase activity; radioiodination ID URINE ANALYSIS; IPPA AB 1,2-Palmitoyl-3-[15-(4-iodophenyl)pentadecan-3-oyl]-rac-glycerol (MIPAG) is a new agent for the clinical evaluation of pancreatic lipase activity and has demonstrated promise in preliminary clinical studies with patients affected with pancreatic insufficiency. Iodine-131-MIPAG was initially prepared via thallium-iodide displacement. Because of the need for a simple method which is amendable for the routine clinical use of MIPAC we have investigated the preparation and radioiodination of MIPAG utilizing the tributyltin precursor, 1,2-palmitoyl-3-[15-(4-tributylstannylphenyl)pentadecan-3-oyl] (TBT-MIPAG, 2). Compound 2 was prepared via the condensation of 1,2-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol with 15-(4-tributylstannylphenyl)pentadecanoic acid (TBT-PPA) prepared from 4-bromophenylacetylene. Electrophilic radioiodination using peracetic acid with sodium iodide-125 in ethanol at 80 degrees C for 60 min afforded I-125-MIPAG in (65.9% +/-11.5%) yield and radiochemical purity of 94% (+/-3.0%) after C-18 Sep-Pak purification (n=6). This improved method for radioiodination utilizing TBT-MIPAG now provides radioiodinated MIPAG for routine clinical evaluation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Nucl Med, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. RP McPherson, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Nucl Med Grp, POB 2008,Bldg 4501, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 51 IS 4 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(99)00070-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 222VT UT WOS:000081806600008 PM 10464915 ER PT J AU Hogan, DL Golovlev, VV Gresalfi, MJ Chaney, JA Feigerle, CS Miller, JC Romer, G Messier, P AF Hogan, DL Golovlev, VV Gresalfi, MJ Chaney, JA Feigerle, CS Miller, JC Romer, G Messier, P TI Laser ablation mass spectroscopy of nineteenth century daguerreotypes SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser ablation mass spectrometry; daguerreotypes; art restoration ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROMETRY; CONSERVATION; DIAGNOSTICS AB Laser desorption mass spectroscopy has been used to characterize both modern and similar to 150-year-old daguerreotypes, Such investigations are a necessary prelude to attempts to clean them of tarnish and other contaminants by laser ablation of the surface layers, Both positive- and negative-ion time-of-flight spectra were obtained following YAG laser ablation/desorption at 1064, 532, and 355 mn, Major peaks obtained from several daguerreotypes reveal expected elements from the substrate (Ag, Cu) as well as the developing (Hg) and gilding (Au) processes. Silver clusters (Ag,) may reflect surface desorption of molecules or, alternatively, aggregates formed in the ejection process. Silver sulfide molecules observed from old daguerreotypes are the signature of the tarnishing process. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Int Museum Photog & Film, Rochester, NY 14607 USA. Boston Art Conservat, Boston, MA 02135 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1161 EP 1168 DI 10.1366/0003702991945452 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 249BT UT WOS:000083312800003 ER PT J AU Colmenares, C Deutsch, S Evans, C Nelson, AJ Terminello, LJ Reynolds, JG Roos, JW Smith, IL AF Colmenares, C Deutsch, S Evans, C Nelson, AJ Terminello, LJ Reynolds, JG Roos, JW Smith, IL TI Analysis of manganese particulates from automotive decomposition of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE manganese; methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl; octane ID PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AB Particulates have been collected and analyzed from automotive vehicles operating on fuel containing the organometallic antiknock additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy were used to study and identify the manganese species present in these emitted particulates. Results show that respirable size particulates with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mu m or less (PM2.5) in vehicle exhaust contain manganese primarily in the form of a manganese phosphate and/or sulfate. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ethyl, Richmond, VA 23217 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(99)00261-5 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 252YV UT WOS:000083530600004 ER PT J AU Kinney, JH Balooch, M Marshall, GM Marshall, SJ AF Kinney, JH Balooch, M Marshall, GM Marshall, SJ TI A micromechanics model of the elastic properties of human dentine SO ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dentine; micromechanics; mechanical properties; atomic-force microscopy; indentation; Young's modulus; shear modulus ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEMINERALIZED HUMAN; INDENTATION; MODULUS; HARDNESS; SHEAR; BONE AB A generalized, self-consistent model of cylindrical inclusions in a homogeneous and isotropic matrix phase was used to study the effects of tubule orientation on the elastic properties of dentine. Closed-form expressions for the five independent elastic constants of dentine were derived in terms of tubule concentration, and the Young's moduli and Poisson ratios of peri- and intertubular dentine. An atomic-force microscope indentation technique determined the Young's moduli of the peri- and intertubular dentine as approx. 30 and 15 GPa, respectively. Over the natural variation in tubule density found in dentine, there was only a slight variation in the axial and transverse shear moduli with position in the tooth, and there was no measurable effect of tubule orientation. It was concluded that tubule orientation has no appreciable effect on the elastic behaviour of normal dentine, and that the elastic properties of healthy dentine can be modelled as an isotropic continuum with a Young's modulus of approx. 16 GPa and a shear modulus of 6.2 GPa. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Restorat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Kinney, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01DE09859] NR 35 TC 160 Z9 170 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-9969 J9 ARCH ORAL BIOL JI Arch. Oral Biol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 44 IS 10 BP 813 EP 822 DI 10.1016/S0003-9969(99)00080-1 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 239DY UT WOS:000082754600005 PM 10530914 ER PT J AU Bradley, S AF Bradley, S TI Career prospects in microbiology SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 10 BP 661 EP 662 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 245NH UT WOS:000083114700003 ER PT J AU Barth, AJ Tran, HD Brotherton, MS Filippenko, AV Ho, LC van Breugel, W Antonucci, R Goodrich, RW AF Barth, AJ Tran, HD Brotherton, MS Filippenko, AV Ho, LC van Breugel, W Antonucci, R Goodrich, RW TI Polarized narrow-line emission from the nucleus of NGC 4258 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual NGC 4258); galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : Seyfert; polarization ID SEYFERT 2 GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EXCITATION MECHANISM; MOLECULAR DISK; NGC-4258; SEARCH; DISCOVERY; NGC-1068; SPECTRUM; PROFILES AB The detection of polarized continuum and line emission from the nucleus of NGC 4258 by Wilkes et al. in 1995 provides an intriguing application of the unified model of Seyfert nuclei to a galaxy in which there is known to be an edge-on, rotating disk of molecular gas surrounding the nucleus. Unlike most Seyfert nuclei, however, NGC 4258 has strongly polarized narrow emission lines. To further investigate the origin of the polarized emission, we have obtained spectropolarimetric observations of the NGC 4258 nucleus at the Keck II telescope. The narrow-line polarizations range from 1.0% for [S II] lambda 6716 to 13.9% for the [O II] lambda lambda 7319, 7331 blend, and the position angle of polarization is oriented nearly parallel to the projected plane of the masing disk. A correlation between critical density and degree of polarization is detected for the forbidden lines, indicating that the polarized emission arises from relatively dense (n(e) greater than or similar to 10(4) cm(-3)), radially stratified gas. An archival Hubble Space Telescope narrowband [O III] image shows that the narrow-line region has a compact, nearly unresolved core, implying a FWHM size of less than or similar to 2.5 pc. We discuss the possibility that the polarized emission might arise from the accretion disk itself and become polarized by scattering within the disk atmosphere. A more likely scenario is an obscuring torus or strongly warped disk surrounding the inner portion of a narrow-line region that is strongly stratified in density. The compact size of the narrow-line region implies that the obscuring structure must be smaller than about 2.5 pc in diameter. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Barth, AJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1609 EP 1617 DI 10.1086/301055 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251CR UT WOS:000083427500012 ER PT J AU Ruffini, R Salmonson, JD Wilson, JR Xue, SS AF Ruffini, R Salmonson, JD Wilson, JR Xue, SS TI On the pair electromagnetic pulse of a black hole with electromagnetic structure SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; gamma rays : theory; gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : observations ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; PLASMA AB We study the relativistically expanding electron-positron pair plasma formed by the process of vacuum polarization around an electromagnetic black hole (EMBH). Such processes can occur for EMBH's with mass all the way tip to 6.10(5) M-.. Beginning with a idealized model of a Reissner-Nordstrom EMBH with charge to mass ratio xi = 0.1, numerical hydrodynamic calculations are made to model the expansion of the pair-electromagnetic pulse (PEM pulse) to the point that the system is transparent to photons. Three idealized special relativistic models have been compared and contrasted with the results of the numerically integrated general relativistic hydrodynamic equations. One of the three models has been validated: a PEM pulse of constant thickness in the laboratory frame is shown to be in excellent agreement with results of the general relativistic hydrodynamic code. It is remarkable that this precise model, starting from the fundamental parameters of the EMBH, leads uniquely to the explicit evaluation of the parameters of the PEM pulse, including the energy spectrum and the astrophysically unprecedented large Lorentz factors (up to 6.10(3) for a 10(3) M-. EMBH). The observed photon energy at the peak of the photon spectrum. at the moment of photon decoupling is shown to range from 0.1 MeV to 4 MeV as a function of the EMBH mass. Correspondingly the total energy in photons is in the range of 10(52) to 10(54) ergs, consistent with observed gamma-ray bursts. In these computations we neglect the presence of baryonic matter which will be the subject of forthcoming publications. C1 Univ Rome La Sapienza, ICRA, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ruffini, R (reprint author), Univ Rome La Sapienza, ICRA, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. NR 23 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 350 IS 1 BP 334 EP 343 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 248QZ UT WOS:000083288000033 ER PT J AU Van den Bussche, RA Harmon, SA Baker, RJ Bryan, AL Rodgers, JA Harris, MJ Brisbin, IL AF Van den Bussche, RA Harmon, SA Baker, RJ Bryan, AL Rodgers, JA Harris, MJ Brisbin, IL TI Low levels of genetic variability in North American populations of the Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) SO AUK LA English DT Article ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CONSERVATION; EVOLUTION; DIVERSITY; COLONIES; IBIS AB The breeding population of Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) in the southeastern United States has declined since the 1930s, resulting in the listing of all United States populations of the species as endangered in 1984. We assessed genetic structure within and among nine colonies of Wood Storks from Georgia and Florida. Levels of band sharing based on multilocus oligonucleotide DNA fingerprinting of individuals from seven colonies ranged from 58% among nests within the same tree to approximately 55% within the same colony. Levels of band sharing were similar to those reported for other populations of birds that have experienced drastic reductions in population size. A more thorough analysis of four polymorphic microsatellite loci for 136 individuals from nine colonies indicated low levels of allelic diversity and low genetic divergence among colonies. Generic differentiation (F-ST = 0.015) was similar to levels detected from allozymes for 15 colonies of Wood Storks in Florida (F-ST = 0.019). These data, together with demographic studies of these populations, indicated high levels of gene flow among colonies (N-m = 16.4). In agreement with previous studies, we recommend that all colonies of Wood Storks in the southeastern United States be managed on a regional basis as a single interbreeding population. Similar genetic surveys of the disjunct breeding populations of Wood Storks in South America and Central America would be beneficial in understanding the total genetic differentiation in the species. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Florida Game & Fresh Water Fish Commiss, Wildlife Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA. RP Van den Bussche, RA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 1999 VL 116 IS 4 BP 1083 EP 1092 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 253XZ UT WOS:000083583600021 ER PT J AU Marchetti, F Lowe, X Bishop, J Wyrobek, AJ AF Marchetti, F Lowe, X Bishop, J Wyrobek, AJ TI Absence of selection against aneuploid mouse sperm at fertilization SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; 2 RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATIONS; MEIOTIC SEGREGATION; PATERNAL AGE; AUTOSOMAL ANEUPLOIDY; CHROMOSOME; NUCLEI; TRISOMY; MICE AB Is there selection against aneuploid sperm during spermatogenesis and fertilization? To address this question, we used male mice doubly heterozygous for the Robertsonian (Rb) translocations Rb(6.16)24Lub and Rb(16.17)7Bnr, which produce high levels of sperm aneuploid for chromosome 16, the mouse counterpart of human chromosome 21. The frequencies of aneuploid male gametes before and after fertilization were compared by analyzing similar to 500 meiosis II spermatocytes and similar to 500 first-cleavage zygotes using fluorescence in situ hybridization with a DNA painting probe mixture containing three biotin-labeled probes specific for chromosomes 8, 16, and 17 plus a digoxigenin-labeled probe specific for chromosome Y. Hyperhaploidy for chromosome 16 occurred in 20.0% of spermatocytes and in 21.8% of zygotes. Hypohaploidy for chromosome 16 occurred in 17.0% and 16.7% of spermatocytes and zygotes, respectively. In addition, there was no preferential association between chromosome 16 aneuploidy and either of the sex chromosomes, nor was there an elevation in aneuploidy for chromosomes not involved in the Rb translocations. These findings provide direct evidence that there is no selection against aneuploid sperm during spermiogenesis, fertilization, and the first cell cycle of zygotic development. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Marchetti, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-452,7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y01-ES-10203-00] NR 54 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 61 IS 4 BP 948 EP 954 DI 10.1095/biolreprod61.4.948 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 240JE UT WOS:000082821500014 PM 10491629 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Schindler, JF Unkefer, CJ Vanderberg, LA Brainard, JR Terwilliger, TC AF Chang, CH Schindler, JF Unkefer, CJ Vanderberg, LA Brainard, JR Terwilliger, TC TI In vivo screening of haloalkane dehalogenase mutants SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; XANTHOBACTER-AUTOTROPHICUS GJ10; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSTRATE RANGE; DEGRADATION; KINETICS; SPECIFICITY; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; MECHANISM AB Haloalkane dehalogenase (DhlA) from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 catalyzes the dehalogenation of short chain primary alkyl halides. Due to the high K-m and low turnover, wild type DhlA is not optimal for applications in bioremediation. We have developed an in vivo screen, based on a colorimetric pH indicator, to identify DhlA mutant with improved catalytic activity. after screening 50,000 colonies, we identified a DhlA mutant with a lower pH optimum. Sequence analysis of the mutant revealed a single substitution, alanine 149 to threonine, which is located close to the active site of DhlA. Replacement of alanine 149 via site-directed mutagenesis with threonine, serine or cysteine retained the mutant phenotype. Other substitutions at position 149 show little or no activity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Biol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Biol Grp, MS-M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 7 IS 10 BP 2175 EP 2181 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(99)00148-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 249MD UT WOS:000083336100009 PM 10579523 ER PT J AU Izrailev, S Crofts, AR Berry, EA Schulten, K AF Izrailev, S Crofts, AR Berry, EA Schulten, K TI Steered molecular dynamics simulation of the rieske subunit motion in the cytochrome bc(1) complex SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BOVINE HEART-MITOCHONDRIA; IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; BINDING; RESOLUTION; F1-ATPASE; MECHANICS; RECEPTOR; BACTERIA AB Crystallographic structures of the mitochondrial ubiquinol/cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome bc(1) complex) suggest that the mechanism of quinol oxidation by the bc(1) complex involves a substantial movement of the soluble head of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP) between reaction domains in cytochrome b and cytochrome c(1) subunits. In this paper we report the results of steered molecular dynamics simulations inducing, through an applied torque within 1 ns, a 56 degrees rotation of the soluble domain of ISP. For this purpose, a solvated structure of the bc(1) complex in a phospholipid bilayer (a total of 206,720 atoms) was constructed. A subset of 91,061 atoms was actually simulated with 45,131 moving atoms. Point charge distributions for the force field parametrization of heme groups and the Fe2S2 cluster of the Rieske protein included in the simulated complex were determined. The simulations showed that rotation of the soluble domain of ISP is actually feasible. Several metastable conformations of the ISP during its rotation were identified and the interactions stabilizing the initial, final, and intermediate positions of the soluble head of the ISP domain were characterized. A pathway for proton conduction from the Q(o) site to the solvent via a water channel has been identified. C1 Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Biophys & Computat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schulten, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, 405 N Matthews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Schulten, Klaus/D-5561-2009 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5 P41 RR05969]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 44842]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 35438] NR 54 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 77 IS 4 BP 1753 EP 1768 PG 16 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 244PK UT WOS:000083059800001 PM 10512801 ER PT J AU Vojtechovsky, J Chu, K Berendzen, J Sweet, RM Schlichting, I AF Vojtechovsky, J Chu, K Berendzen, J Sweet, RM Schlichting, I TI Crystal structures of myoglobin-ligand complexes at near-atomic resolution SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; QUADRUPOLE COUPLING-CONSTANTS; RESIDUE CO INTERACTION; HEME-PROTEINS; CARBONMONOXY-MYOGLOBIN; SPERM WHALE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES AB We have used x-ray crystallography to determine the structures of sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) in four different ligation states (unligated, ferric aquomet, oxygenated, and carbonmonoxygenated) to a resolution of better than 1.2 Angstrom. Data collection and analysis were performed in as much the same way as possible to reduce model bias in differences between structures. The structural differences among the ligation states are much smaller than previously estimated, with differences of <0.25 Angstrom root-mean-square deviation among all atoms. One structural parameter previously thought to vary among the ligation states, the proximal histidine (His-93) azimuthal angle, is nearly identical in all the ferrous complexes, although the tilt of the proximal histidine is different in the unligated form. There are significant differences, however, in the heme geometry, in the position of the heme in the pocket, and in the distal histidine (His-64) conformations. In the CO complex the majority conformation of ligand is at an angle of 18 +/- 3 degrees with respect to the heme plane, with a geometry similar to that seen in encumbered model compounds; this angle is significantly smaller than reported previously by crystallographic studies on monoclinic Mb crystals, but still significantly larger than observed by photoselection. The distal histidine in unligated Mb and in the dioxygenated complex is best described as having two conformations. Two similar conformations are observed in MbCO, in addition to another conformation that has been seen previously in low-pH structures where His-64 is doubly protonated. We suggest that these conformations of the distal histidine correspond to the different conformational substates of MbCO and MbO(2) seen in vibrational spectra, Full-matrix refinement provides uncertainty estimates of important structural parameters. Anisotropic refinement yields information about correlated disorder of atoms; we find that the proximal (F) helix and heme move approximately as rigid bodies, but that the distal (E) helix does not. C1 Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Phys Biochem Abt, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schlichting, I (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Phys Biochem Abt, Otto Hahn Str 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. RI Schlichting, Ilme/I-1339-2013 NR 111 TC 423 Z9 425 U1 5 U2 47 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 77 IS 4 BP 2153 EP 2174 PG 22 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 244PK UT WOS:000083059800035 PM 10512835 ER PT J AU Katul, G Hsieh, CI Bowling, D Clark, K Shurpali, N Turnipseed, A Albertson, J Tu, K Hollinger, D Evans, B Offerle, B Anderson, D Ellsworth, D Vogel, C Oren, R AF Katul, G Hsieh, CI Bowling, D Clark, K Shurpali, N Turnipseed, A Albertson, J Tu, K Hollinger, D Evans, B Offerle, B Anderson, D Ellsworth, D Vogel, C Oren, R TI Spatial variability of turbulent fluxes in the roughness sublayer of an even-aged pine forest SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy turbulence; moving equilibrium hypothesis; planar homogeneity; roughness sublayer; spatial variability; turbulent fluxes ID SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; DECIDUOUS FOREST; PLANT CANOPIES; ATMOSPHERE INTERFACE; COHERENT STRUCTURES; VARIANCE METHOD; SURFACE-LAYER; CLOSURE-MODEL; EDDY MOTION; CO2 AB The spatial variability of turbulent flow statistics in the roughness sublayer (RSL) of a uniform even-aged 14 m (= h) tall loblolly pine forest was investigated experimentally. Using seven existing walkup towers at this stand, high frequency velocity, temperature, water vapour and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured at 15.5 m above the ground surface from October 6 to 10 in 1997. These seven towers were separated by at least 100 m from each other. The objective of this study was to examine whether single tower turbulence statistics measurements represent the flow properties of RSL turbulence above a uniform even-aged managed loblolly pine forest as a best-case scenario for natural forested ecosystems. From the intensive space-time series measurements, it was demonstrated that standard deviations of longitudinal and vertical velocities (sigma(u), sigma(w)) and temperature (sigma(T)) are more planar homogeneous than their vertical flux of momentum (u(*)(2)) and sensible heat (H) counterparts. Also, the measured H is more horizontally homogeneous when compared to fluxes of other scalar entities such as CO(2) and water vapour. While the spatial variability in fluxes was significant (>15%), this unique data set confirmed that single tower measurements represent the 'canonical' structure of single-point RSL turbulence statistics, especially flux-variance relationships. Implications to extending the 'moving-equilibrium' hypothesis for RSL flows are discussed. The spatial variability in all RSL flow variables was not constant in time and varied strongly with spatially averaged friction velocity u(*), especially when u(*) was small. It is shown that flow properties derived from two-point temporal statistics such as correlation functions are more sensitive to local variability in leaf area density when compared to single point flow statistics. Specifically, that the local relationship between the reciprocal of the vertical velocity integral time scale (I(w)) and the arrival frequency of organized structures ((u) over bar/h) predicted from a mixing-layer theory exhibited dependence on the local leaf area index. The broader implications of these findings to the measurement and modelling of RSL flows are also discussed. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl, NY 11973 USA. Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, Pellston, MI 49769 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Katul, G (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Taipei 10660, Taiwan. RI Albertson, John/A-3336-2008; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272 NR 47 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 93 IS 1 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1023/A:1002079602069 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 262VT UT WOS:000084088900001 ER PT J AU Stidham, C Antolik, M Dreger, D Larsen, S Romanowicz, B AF Stidham, C Antolik, M Dreger, D Larsen, S Romanowicz, B TI Three-dimensional structure influences on the strong-motion wavefield of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; GROUND-MOTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SEISMIC-WAVES; ANDREAS FAULT; SLIP; SEISMOGRAMS; AFTERSHOCK AB The accurate calculation of ground motions for future large earthquakes depends on detailed knowledge of three-dimensional (3D) geologic structure and the earthquake source process, as well as sufficient computational resources. In this article we describe the results of finite-difference simulations for the 1989 Loma Prieta, CA, earthquake, with a 3D seismic velocity model for the San Francisco Bay region and a heterogeneous slip model of the source. Additionally, we explore the sensitivity of the synthetics to the major geologic structures in the velocity model, The San Francisco Bay region (particularly the Loma Prieta region) is a unique area for the study of 3D wave propagation because of the pronounced lateral velocity contrasts across the strike-slip faults of the region. Understanding the effects of such long wavelength structure is doubly important when considering a source located close to such a contrast. Our simulations show that the lateral velocity contrast across the San Andreas Fault (SAF) would be expected to substantially affect the propagation of elastic waves radiated from a source in the Loma Prieta region. Indeed, we find that the refraction of energy by the SAF serves to reduce ground motions at stations located along the San Francisco Peninsula, and the Quaternary and Tertiary alluvial basins of the San Francisco Bay region are found to amplify and extend the duration of ground motions in Santa Clara Valley, Livermore Valley, and San Pablo Bay. We find that the 3D model as currently defined accurately describes the spatial variation of peak ground velocity for frequencies less than 0.5 Hz, which suggests that this model may be used to estimate ground motions for future earthquake scenarios. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stidham, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI romanowicz, Barbara/0000-0002-6208-6044 NR 51 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1184 EP 1202 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 256HP UT WOS:000083720100004 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Rainina, EI Engler, CR Wild, JR AF Kim, JW Rainina, EI Engler, CR Wild, JR TI Processing efficiency of immobilized non-growing bacteria: Biocatalytic modeling and experimental analysis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dynamic diffusion-reaction modeling; immobilized cells; poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel; thiodiglycol degradation ID HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROBIAL-CELLS; SULFUR MUSTARD; GEL BEADS; DEGRADATION; DIFFUSION; THIODIGLYCOL; REDUCTION; CRYOGELS AB Modeling methods used to optimize the biocatalytic efficiency of freely suspended cells have been applied to non-growing microbial cells entrapped within a macro-porous carrier. The catalytic rate, which is dependent on cell concentration inside the biocatalyst beads, coincided with catalytic parameters for freely suspended cells. Immobilized non-growing cell systems could be optimized utilizing the characteristics of freely suspended cells without requiring extensive experimentation to define catalytic behaviour inside the biocatalyst. A dynamic diffusion-reaction model was developed and validated using experimental data for thiodiglycol degradation by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans immobilized within macro-porous poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel in a completely mixed batch bioreactor. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Engler, CR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Kim, Jin-Woo/H-5148-2011 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SOC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PI OTTAWA PA 130 SLATER ST, STE 550, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 6E2, CANADA SN 0008-4034 J9 CAN J CHEM ENG JI Can. J. Chem. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 77 IS 5 BP 883 EP 892 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 270WW UT WOS:000084561000014 ER PT J AU Kennel, SJ Lankford, TK Foote, LJ Davis, IA Boll, RA Mirzadeh, S AF Kennel, SJ Lankford, TK Foote, LJ Davis, IA Boll, RA Mirzadeh, S TI Combination vascular targeted and tumor targeted radioimmunotherapy SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE lung tumors; vascular targeting; radioimmunotherapy; alpha-particle emitters ID MICE; EXPRESSION; TISSUES; BI-213 AB Rat MAb 201B, which binds to murine thrombomodulin, can deliver up to 50% of the injected dose of attached radioisotopes to the lung vascular endothelium. We have shown previously that intravenous injection of about 30 mu Ci of Bi-213-MAb 201B, which delivers about 15 Gy of alpha irradiation to the lung, is capable of eradicating small lung colonies (500-1000 cells) of the mammary tumor line, EMT-6. Larger tumors (>5000 cells) were not completely cured by this vascular targeted radioimmunotherapy (VT-RAIT) approach. We reasoned that VT-RAIT might make the lung vessels sewing the tumor cells more permeable, allowing MAb targeted to the tumor cells to extravasate more readily and mediate more efficient standard radioimmunotherapy (RAIT). Distribution experiments with the tumor targeted MAb 13A (RAIT MAb), following VT-RAIT, did not demonstrate a large increase in tumor uptake; however, microautoradiography did indicate that MAb 13A was distributed more evenly throughout the tumor when administered after VT-RAIT. Therapy experiments on lung tumors of similar to 5000 cells each, combining Bi-213-MAb 201B (VT-RAIT) with Bi-213-MAb 13A (RAIT) 24 hours later, resulted in a better outcome (3 cured/10 at risk) than for control groups: RAIT only (0/10), VT-RAIT only (1/10), or no therapy (0/10). RAIT therapy delivered 48 hours after VT-RAIT had Mo apparent benefit. Bi-213-MAb 201B VT-RAIT followed by Y-90-MAb 13A Fab' RAIT showed only a slight improvement in tumor cures (2/10) over that in control groups: (0/9), (0/10), (0/10), respectively. These results suggest that optimal timing, dosage, and choice of MAb for RAIT should enhance the double MAb therapy approach significantly. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kennel, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 4500S,Rm F150, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Boll, Rose/C-4138-2016 OI Boll, Rose/0000-0003-2507-4834 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL09718] NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 14 IS 5 BP 371 EP 379 DI 10.1089/cbr.1999.14.371 PG 9 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 245VR UT WOS:000083129300006 PM 10850322 ER PT J AU Breitz, HB Fisher, DR Goris, ML Knox, S Ratliff, B Murtha, AD Weiden, PL AF Breitz, HB Fisher, DR Goris, ML Knox, S Ratliff, B Murtha, AD Weiden, PL TI Radiation absorbed dose estimation for Y-90-DOTA-biotin with pretargeted NR-LU-10/streptavidin SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE dosimetry; pretargeted radioimmunotherapy; RIT; PRIT; Y-90 dosimetry ID RHENIUM-186-LABELED MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PHASE-I TRIALS; COLONIC TRANSIT; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; TOXICITY; DOSIMETRY; CANCER; CC49 AB Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy permits the administration of doses of Y-90 five times higher than is possible with antibodies directly, labeled with (90)Yttrium (Y-90). These high doses of(90)Y introduced new issues for dosimetry that were not encountered in prior studies using conventional radioimmunotherapy. We have addressed these issues here and correlated dosimetry estimates with observed toxicity and tumor responses. Methods: The pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT(TM)) system employed the antibody NR-LU-IO conjugated with streptavidin, a glycoprotein clearing agent and Y-90-DOTA-biotin. A single dose of(90)Y was escalated to 140 mCi/m(2). Indium-111(In-111) (3-5 mCi) DOTA-biotin was co-injected for gamma camera imaging and dosimetry assessment. The effect of bremsstrahlung radiation from increasing 90Y activity levels with a constant dose of(111)In was studied using a phantom. Patient images identified the intestinal tract and the kidneys as potential organs at risk of clinically significant radiation toxicity. A method of measuring the activity localized in the intestinal tract was developed, and S values were calculated to estimate intestinal wall dose from radioactivity present in the intestine. Intestinal bone marrow and renal toxicity were observed Coefficients were derived for correlating the relationships between observed intestinal and marrow toxicity and the estimated radiation absorbed doses. Results: At an Y-90: In-111 ratio of 50: 1, bremsstrahlung radiation accounted for 12% of the counts in the images. Grade IV diarrhea was observed in patients estimated to have received 6850 - 14000 cGy to the large intestinal wall. The correlation coefficient of intestinal toxicity, with absorbed dose was 0.64. Myelotoxicity, (measured as grade of suppression of absolute neutrophil count) correlated better with marrow dose (r = 0.72) than with the whole body dose, (r = 0.44). Delayed renal toxicity was observed in two patients 8 and 11 months following therapy Tumor response was seen in the two patients with the highest estimated dose to tumor, 4,000-6,000 cGv. Conclusion: Dosimetry is feasible using In-111 as a tracer in the presence of high Y-90 activity. The absorbed dose estimates derived in the PRIT schema correlated moderately well with clinically observed toxicity and response. C1 Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Seattle, WA 98111 USA. Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Div Hematol & Oncol, Seattle, WA 98111 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Div Nucl Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Cross Canc Inst, Dept Expt Oncol Radiat Oncol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Breitz, HB (reprint author), Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, H14-Hem,1100 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98111 USA. NR 33 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 14 IS 5 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1089/cbr.1999.14.381 PG 15 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 245VR UT WOS:000083129300007 PM 10850323 ER PT J AU Dimitrijevic-Bussod, M Balzaretti-Maggi, VS Gadbois, DM AF Dimitrijevic-Bussod, M Balzaretti-Maggi, VS Gadbois, DM TI Extracellular matrix and radiation G(1) cell cycle arrest in human fibroblasts SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN; DNA-DAMAGE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1; CULTURED FIBROBLASTS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; INTEGRIN; ADHESION; P53 AB It is thought that sublethal doses of radiation cause cells to pause in either G(1) or G(2) phase, but that then cells with repaired DNA damage reenter the cell cycle. However, it has been observed that gamma-irradiation causes normal human fibroblasts to arrest indefinitely in G(1) phase unless the irradiated cells are subcultured. This indicates that cell adhesion plays a role in maintaining the arrest. We now show that the type of extracellular matrix dramatically affects the percentage of cells that arrest in G(1) phase. The prolonged radiation G(1) arrest in human fibroblasts has been referred to as "senescence-like"; however, we find that smooth muscle alpha-actin is highly expressed in cells that arrest in G(1) phase after irradiation. This indicates that the fibroblasts differentiate to myofibroblasts, Together, our results show that the length of radiation G(1) arrest in human fibroblasts is affected by the type of extracellular matrix on which the cells are irradiated and that arrest results in myofibroblast differentiation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gadbois, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315] NR 44 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 19 BP 4843 EP 4847 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 244AC UT WOS:000083028800019 PM 10519394 ER PT J AU Downing, KH Nogales, E AF Downing, KH Nogales, E TI Crystallographic structure of tubulin: Implications for dynamics and drug binding SO CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Tubulin 30 Years Later, at the 42nd NIBB (National Institute for Basic Biology) Conference CY FEB 24-26, 1999 CL OKAZAKI, JAPAN DE tubulin; microtubules; GTPase; dynamic instability; electron crystallography ID ZINC-INDUCED SHEETS; BETA-TUBULIN; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; COLCHICINE-BINDING; MICROTUBULE ENDS; AMINO-ACIDS; SITE; LOCALIZATION; RESOLUTION; PHOTOLABELS AB The structure of tubulin, recently solved by electron crystallography, has given a first look at the molecular basis for some of the properties of tubulin and microtubules that have been observed over the last decades. We discuss how the structure relates to some of these properties, and how inferences about drug binding sites can explain some of the effects of the drugs on tubulin. Microtubules can form a highly dynamic system that requires careful tuning of the stability and properties of tubulin and its interactions with its many ligands. Understanding these interactions can provide fundamental information on the regulation of the microtubule system. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Downing, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khdowning@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM46033, GM51487] NR 37 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU JAPAN SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI KYOTO PA C/O NAKANISHI PRINTING SHIMODACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI, KAMIGYO-KU, KYOTO, 602-8048, JAPAN SN 0386-7196 EI 1347-3700 J9 CELL STRUCT FUNCT JI Cell Struct. Funct. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 24 IS 5 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255NX UT WOS:000083677000005 PM 15216882 ER PT J AU Nogales, E AF Nogales, E TI A structural view of microtubule dynamics SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE tubulin; microtubule; dynamic instability; nucleotide; structure; electron crystallography ID BACTERIAL-CELL-DIVISION; SLOWLY HYDROLYZABLE ANALOG; GTP HYDROLYSIS; ELECTRON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN FTSZ; TUBULIN; TAXOL; PROTOFILAMENTS; IDENTIFICATION AB The essential microtubule property of dynamic instability is based on the binding, hydrolysis and exchange of GTP in each tubulin dimer. The recent high-resolution structures of tubulin and the microtubule have given us the first view at atomic level of properties such as nucleotide exchangeability, the linkage between polymerization and nucleotide hydrolysis, and the origin of microtubule destabilization, as well as the mode of action of antimitotic agents such as taxol. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nogales, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51487] NR 40 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-682X J9 CELL MOL LIFE SCI JI Cell. Mol. Life Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s000180050012 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 245KR UT WOS:000083107600012 PM 11213253 ER PT J AU Sullivan, M Olsen, AS Houslay, MD AF Sullivan, M Olsen, AS Houslay, MD TI Genomic organisation of the human cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4C gene and its chromosomal localisation to 19p13.1, between RAB3A and JUND SO CELLULAR SIGNALLING LA English DT Article DE cylic AMP phosphodiesterase; RAB3A; JUND; chromosome 19; rolipram; alternative mRNA splicing; PDE4; PDE4C gene ID CAMP-SPECIFIC PHOSPHODIESTERASE; SITU HYBRIDIZATION MAP; MOLECULAR-CLONING; NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ROLIPRAM; FAMILY; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-19; EXPRESSION; DUNCE AB PDE4C is one of four mammalian genes that encode multiple PDE4 cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase isoforms that are inhibited by rolipram. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation localised PDE4C to the p13.1 region of human chromosome 19. Overlapping cosmid clones spanning the human PDE4C gene were identified and characterised. Analysis of this locus indicated that the PDE4C gene spans at least 38 kb, consists of at least 18 exons, and contains the marker D19S212 within an intron. Comparison of published human PDE4C cDNA sequences with those of the genomic DNA identified four alternatively spliced exons and the possibility that the PDE4C locus contains at least three alternative promoters. PDE4C-containing cosmids also contained the genes for the growth regulatory transcription factor, JUND, and the mini guanine nucleotide regulatory protein, RAB3A. The RAB3A gene was shown to consist of 5 exons spanning 7.9 kb, while the JUND gene was found to contain no introns. Analysis of cosmids containing PDE4C, JUND, and RAB3A showed that 27 kb separate JUND and PDE4C, while only 3.7 kb separate PDE4C and RAB3A. The three genes share the same orientation of transcription and are arranged in the order cen-5'-JUND-PDE4C-RAB3A-3'-tel. CELL SIGNAL 11;10:735-742, 1999. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Mol Pharmacol Grp, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Houslay, MD (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Mol Pharmacol Grp, Davidson Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RI Houslay, Miles/A-6825-2011 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0898-6568 J9 CELL SIGNAL JI Cell. Signal. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 10 BP 735 EP 742 DI 10.1016/S0898-6568(99)00037-6 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 236XY UT WOS:000082625600005 PM 10574328 ER PT J AU Gottesman, D AF Gottesman, D TI Fault-tolerant quantum computation with higher-dimensional systems SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article ID ERROR-CORRECTING CODES AB Instead of a quantum computer where the fundamental units are 2-dimensional qubits, we can consider a quantum computer made up of d-dimensional systems. There is a straightforward generalization of the class of stabilizer codes to d-dimensional systems, and I will discuss the theory of fault-tolerant computation using such codes. I prove that universal fault-tolerant computation is possible with any higher-dimensional stabilizer code for prime d. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gottesman, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T6, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gottesma@t6-serv.lanl.gov NR 12 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 EI 1873-2887 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD OCT PY 1999 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1749 EP 1758 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 200XD UT WOS:000080564700016 ER PT J AU Bacon, JA Pratt, ST AF Bacon, JA Pratt, ST TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of Rydberg states of the methyl radical SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; MULTI-PHOTON IONIZATION; PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; PHOTOIONIZATION DYNAMICS; RESONANCE; SPECTRA; AMMONIA; IODIDE; IONS; BAND AB Photoelectron spectra following two-photon resonant, three-photon ionization of CH3 and CD3 via selected vibronic levels of the 3p(z) and 4p(z) Rydberg states are reported. Because the 3p(z) and 4p(z) Rydberg orbitals are non-bonding, the geometries of the corresponding Rydberg states of CH3 and CD3 are similar to those of the ground states of CH3+ and CD3+, respectively. This results in nearly diagonal Franck-Condon factors, with the photoelectron spectra showing a strong propensity for the preservation of the vibrational state upon ionization. The results are compared with earlier studies of the photoelectron spectra of analogous Rydberg states of NH3. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pratt, ST (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 311 IS 5 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00860-X PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 244VR UT WOS:000083071900002 ER PT J AU Bush, SD Rourke, DE Kaiser, LG Pines, A AF Bush, SD Rourke, DE Kaiser, LG Pines, A TI Relaxation-selective magnetic resonance imaging SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION PROBLEM; PULSES; OPTIMIZATION AB The Bloch equations with T-2 relaxation can be inverted in closed form with respect to T-2, using inverse scattering theory. Hence, radio frequency pulses can be calculated that cause a final magnetization response that is any desired function of T-2, provided that function is physically realizable (however, there are strong constraints on what is physically realizable). A useful subclass of such pulses are 'dressing' pulses, which store the magnetization on the z-axis, with magnitude a given function of T-2. This enables spins to be selectively nulled according to their T-2- this is demonstrated by obtaining a relaxation-selective image of a phantom. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Magnet Resonance Ctr, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Rourke, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 311 IS 5 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00890-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 244VR UT WOS:000083071900007 ER PT J AU Takano, H Kenseth, JR Wong, SS O'Brien, JC Porter, MD AF Takano, H Kenseth, JR Wong, SS O'Brien, JC Porter, MD TI Chemical and biochemical analysis using scanning force microscopy SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION; ACID-BASE PROPERTIES; DOUBLE-LAYER FORCES; CONFOCAL FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; CHARGED FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY; TIP-SAMPLE CONTACT C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mporter@porter1.ameslab.gov NR 403 TC 205 Z9 206 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 99 IS 10 BP 2845 EP + DI 10.1021/cr9801317 PG 48 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 246HK UT WOS:000083158200002 ER PT J AU Ambrose, WP Goodwin, PM Jett, JH Van Orden, A Werner, JH Keller, RA AF Ambrose, WP Goodwin, PM Jett, JH Van Orden, A Werner, JH Keller, RA TI Single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy at ambient temperature SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; CROSS-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; FLOWING SAMPLE STREAMS; INDIVIDUAL MONONUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; TIME-RESOLVED IDENTIFICATION; PULSED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keller, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663,MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Van Orden, Alan/N-4219-2015 NR 234 TC 260 Z9 263 U1 4 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 99 IS 10 BP 2929 EP 2956 DI 10.1021/cr980132z PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 246HK UT WOS:000083158200004 ER PT J AU Conejo, MD Parry, JS Carmona, E Schultz, M Brennann, JG Beshouri, SM Andersen, RA Rogers, RD Coles, S Hursthouse, M AF Conejo, MD Parry, JS Carmona, E Schultz, M Brennann, JG Beshouri, SM Andersen, RA Rogers, RD Coles, S Hursthouse, M TI Carbon monoxide and isocyanide complexes of trivalent uranium metallocenes SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE carbonyl complexes; isocyanide complexes; metallocenes; uranium ID TRIS(ETA-5-CYCLOPENTADIENYL) ACTINIDE COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL; DERIVATIVES; CERIUM; BOND AB Organic isocyanide complexes of trivalent uranium metallocenes of the type [Cp'U-3(CNR)], where Cp' = C5H5, MeC5H4, Me3CC5H4, and Me3SiC5H4 and R = Et; Cp' = 1,3-(Me3Si)(2)C5H3 and R = tBu; Cp' = Me4C5H and R = 4-(MeO)C6H4 and 2,6-Me2C6H3, have been isolated. When Cp' = MeC5H4 and R = 2,6-Me2C6H3, both 1:1 and 1:2 adducts are obtained. The IR spectra show that <(nu)over bar>(CN) increases slightly for the alkyl isocyanide complexes and decreases slightly for the aryl isocyanide complexes relative to (n) over bar(CN) for the free ligands. The uranium metallocenes form carbon monoxide adducts in which (n) over bar(CO) moves to lower wavenumbers upon coordination (by 155 to 260 cm(-1)). In only one case, however, can an adduct be isolated in crystalline form; [(C5Me4H)(3)U(CO)]. The <(nu)over bar>(CO) stretching frequencies lie in the order 1,3-(Me3Si)(2)C5H3 > Me3SiC5H4 > Me3CC5H4 > C5Me4H; [(C5Me4H)(3)U] is the best p donor in this series of metallocenes. Solution H-1 NMR spectra show that the adducts are fluxional and, in the case of [(C5Me4H)(3)U(L)] where L = CO or 4-(MeO)C6H4NC, two fluxional processes can be observed: dissociation of L. at relatively high temperature and cessation of ring rotation at low temperature. The crystal structures of the base-free metallocenes [{1,3-(Me3Si)(2)C5H3}(3)U] and [(C5Me4H)(3)U] show that these compounds are monomeric with idealized trigonal-planar geometry. The crystal structures of the 4-(MeO)-C6H4NC and CO adducts of the latter metallocene are also described. All of the experimental studies reported herein are consistent with the view that the uranium metallocenes are better pi donors than their cerium analogues, and the pi-donating ability is dependent upon the ring substituents. C1 Univ Sevilla, CSIC, Inst Invest Quim, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-41092 Seville, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Chem, EPSRC Natl Crystallog Serv, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Carmona, E (reprint author), Univ Sevilla, CSIC, Inst Invest Quim, Dept Quim Inorgan, C Amer Vespuccio S-N,Isla Cartuja, E-41092 Seville, Spain. RI Coles, Simon/A-1795-2009; Schultz, Madeleine/B-4131-2011; Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; Hursthouse, Michael/B-9885-2011; Conejo, Maria del Mar/K-8175-2014; Carmona, Ernesto/K-4177-2014; OI Coles, Simon/0000-0001-8414-9272; Schultz, Madeleine/0000-0001-7967-5147; Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Hursthouse, Michael/0000-0002-9492-054X; Carmona, Ernesto/0000-0003-2449-5848; Conejo Argandona, Maria del Mar/0000-0001-6692-1900 NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 10 BP 3000 EP 3009 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 244PF UT WOS:000083059400026 ER PT J AU Barton, TJ Bull, LM Klemperer, WG Loy, DA McEnaney, B Misono, M Monson, PA Pez, G Scherer, GW Vartuli, JC Yaghi, OM AF Barton, TJ Bull, LM Klemperer, WG Loy, DA McEnaney, B Misono, M Monson, PA Pez, G Scherer, GW Vartuli, JC Yaghi, OM TI Tailored porous materials SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL COORDINATION POLYMERS; ORGANIC-INORGANIC MATERIALS; CHEMICALLY ACTIVATED WOOD; PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOL-GEL TRANSITION; LITHIUM INSERTION; BRIDGED POLYSILSESQUIOXANES AB Tailoring of porous materials involves not only chemical synthetic techniques for tailoring microscopic properties such as pore size, pore shape, pore connectivity, and pore surface reactivity, but also materials processing techniques for tailoring the meso- and the macroscopic properties of bulk materials in the form of fibers, thin films, and monoliths. These issues are addressed in the context of five specific classes of porous materials: oxide molecular sieves, porous coordination solids, porous carbons, sol-gel-derived oxides, and porous heteropolyanion salts. Reviews of these specific areas are preceded by a presentation of background material and review of current theoretical approaches to adsorption phenomena. A concluding section outlines current research needs and opportunities. C1 Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Bath, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Operat Res, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Mobil Technol Co, Paulsboro Tech Ctr, Paulsboro, NJ 08066 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Klemperer, WG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009; OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958; Yaghi, Omar/0000-0002-5611-3325 NR 255 TC 528 Z9 532 U1 31 U2 292 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2633 EP 2656 DI 10.1021/cm9805929 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 248DY UT WOS:000083261100004 ER PT J AU Hawkins, HT Spearing, DR Veirs, DK Danis, JA Smith, DM Tait, CD Runde, WH Spilde, MN Scheetz, BE AF Hawkins, HT Spearing, DR Veirs, DK Danis, JA Smith, DM Tait, CD Runde, WH Spilde, MN Scheetz, BE TI Synthesis and characterization of uranium(IV)-bearing members of the [NZP] structural family SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INITIO STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; LOW THERMAL-EXPANSION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; ZIRCONIUM-PHOSPHATE; IMMOBILIZATION; SYSTEM AB The sodium dizirconium tris(phosphate) structural family ([NZP]) includes compounds that may be represented by the general formula M'M "(1-3)A(2)(PO4)(3). The ability of KZr2(PO4)(3), a member of the [NZP] structural family, to accommodate U(IV) on the octahedrally coordinated A site has been demonstrated for compounds in the series KZr2-xUx(PO4)(3) (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.20). KU2(PO4)(3), the end member of the series, was found to adopt a monoclinic structure with 9-fold coordination of U(IV) that does not belong to the [NZP] family. The compounds were prepared from sol-gel derived precursors in an argon environment. X-ray microanalyses indicated that the precursor powders had reacted fully to produce compounds of the expected stoichiometries. Rietveld refined X-ray powder diffraction data of KZr2-xUx(PO4)(3) (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.20) confirmed a rhombohedral (R (3) over bar c) structure and suggested random occupation of the A site by U/Zr. The presence of U(IV) was established by comparison of the UV/vis spectra of KZr2-xUx(PO4)(3) (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.20) with those of other U(IV) phosphates including KU2(PO4)(3). The Rietveld refined data show an increase in the volume of the R (3) over bar c cell with increasing values of x. The structure of KU2(PO4)(3), determined from Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data, is monoclinic (space group C2/c, Z = 4) with unit cell parameters a = 17.4705(4) Angstrom, b = 6.75408(13) Angstrom, c = 8.02522(17) Angstrom, beta = 102.0189(17)degrees, and V = 926.196(34) Angstrom(3). The final indicators of the quality of the Rietveld refinement were R-wp = 14.07%, R-e = 10.02%, and R-F = 3.78%. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hawkins, HT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2851 EP 2857 DI 10.1021/cm990209f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 248DY UT WOS:000083261100031 ER PT J AU Rulkens, R Male, JL Terry, KW Olthof, B Khodakov, A Bell, AT Iglesia, E Tilley, TD AF Rulkens, R Male, JL Terry, KW Olthof, B Khodakov, A Bell, AT Iglesia, E Tilley, TD TI Vanadyl tert-butoxy orthosilicate, OV[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3): A model for isolated vanadlyl sites on silica and a precursor to vanadia-silica xerogels SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; LASER RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SUPPORTED VANADIUM; OXIDE CATALYSTS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; V-51 NMR; TRIALKOXYSILOXY COMPLEXES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB The single source precursor OV[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3) was synthesized in high yield from OVCl3 and HOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3). This tri(alkoxy)siloxy complex was characterized by H-1, C-13, Si-29, and V-51 NMR, FT-Raman, FT-IR, EXAFS, and UV-vis spectroscopies and by mass spectrometry. In the Raman spectrum of OV[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3), V=O (1038 cm(-1)) and V-O (651, 674, and 705 cm(-1)) vibrations were observed. The V-51 NMR shift was observed at -777 ppm and the Si-29 NMR resonance appears at -98 ppm. Thermolysis in n-octane at 180 degrees C resulted in formation of a green gel which upon drying in air formed a xerogel with a surface area of 320 m(2) g(-1), an average pore size of 140 Angstrom, and a total pore volume of 2.25 cm(3) g(-1). The calcined xerogel is similar to bulk V2O5 in catalytic performance for propane oxidative dehydrogenation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Khodakov, Andrei/I-3379-2014; Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017 OI Khodakov, Andrei/0000-0003-4599-3969; Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001 NR 78 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2966 EP 2973 DI 10.1021/cm990350o PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 248DY UT WOS:000083261100046 ER PT J AU Hatchett, DW Josowicz, M Janata, J Baer, DR AF Hatchett, DW Josowicz, M Janata, J Baer, DR TI Electrochemical formation of Au clusters in polyaniline SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DOPED POLYANILINE; ACID-SOLUTIONS; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; REDOX REACTIONS; THIN-FILMS; GOLD; PLATINUM; ELECTROOXIDATION; LEUCOEMERALDINE; SPECTROSCOPY AB The reduction of chloroaurate and the incorporation of Au clusters in polyaniline, PANI, films have been investigated. The chloroaurate complex is generated at the electrode surface during Cl- doping of Au/PANI. FTIR and UV/vis data indicate that chloroaurate interacts with PANI and that its reduction to metallic Au occurs preferentially at the nitrogen linkages. The voltammetric and XPS results show that the uptake of both protons and anions is suppressed by the formation of Au clusters due to this interaction. The ability to reduce chloroaurate in PANI films is also demonstrated for Pt electrodes coated with PANI in solutions containing KAuCl4. The preliminary results indicate that Au cluster size distribution remains fairly constant regardless of the method used. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Janata, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 27 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2989 EP 2994 DI 10.1021/cm990365m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 248DY UT WOS:000083261100049 ER PT J AU Kloprogge, JT Komarneni, S Amonette, JE AF Kloprogge, JT Komarneni, S Amonette, JE TI Synthesis of smectite clay minerals: A critical review SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Review DE beidellite; fluoride; hectorite; hydrothermal; montmorillonite; nontronite; phyllosilicate; saponite; sauconite; stevensite ID SUBSTITUTED MICA MONTMORILLONITE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; NA-BEIDELLITE; HYDROISOMERIZATION ACTIVITY; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; SEPIOLITE ALTERATION; ALKALINE CONDITIONS; OCTAHEDRAL SHEETS AB Smectites are one of the most important groups of phyllosilicates found in soils and sediments, and certainly one of the most difficult to study. New information about the formation mechanisms, impact of structural features on surface properties, and long-term stability of smectites can best be gained from the systematic study of single-phase specimens. In most instances, these specimens can only be obtained through synthesis under controlled conditions. Syntheses of smectites have been attempted (1) at ambient pressure and low-temperature (<100 degrees C), (2) under moderate hydrothermal conditions (100-1000 degrees C, pressures to several kbars), (3) under extreme hydrothermal conditions (>1000 degrees C or pressures >10 kbars), and (4) in the presence of fluoride. Of these approaches, syntheses performed under moderate hydrothermal conditions are the most numerous and the most successful in terms of smectite yield and phase-purity. Using hydrothermal techniques, high phase-purity can be obtained for beidellites and several transition-metal smectites. However, synthesis of montmorillonite in high purity remains difficult. Starting materials for hydrothermal syntheses include gels, glasses, and other aluminosilicate minerals. The presence of Mg2+ seems to be essential for the formation of smectites, even for phases such as montmorillonite which contain low amounts of Mg. Highly crystalline smectites can be obtained when extreme temperatures or pressures are used, but other crystalline impurities are always present. Although the correlation between synthesis stability fields and thermodynamic stability fields is good in many instances, metastable phases are often formed. Few studies, however, include the additional experiments (approach from under-and over-saturation, reversal experiments) needed to ascertain the conditions for formation of thermodynamically stable phases. Thorough characterization of synthetic products by modern instrumental and molecular-scale techniques is also needed to better understand the processes leading to smectite formation. C1 Queensland Univ Technol, Ctr Instrumental & Dev Chem, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. Penn State Univ, Intercoll Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Enironm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kloprogge, JT (reprint author), Queensland Univ Technol, Ctr Instrumental & Dev Chem, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. NR 168 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 12 U2 109 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 EI 1552-8367 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 47 IS 5 BP 529 EP 554 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470501 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 252AK UT WOS:000083478400001 ER PT J AU Behr, TM Sgouros, G Stabin, MG Behe, M Angerstein, C Blumenthal, RD Apostolidis, C Molinet, R Sharkey, RM Koch, L Goldenberg, DM Becker, W AF Behr, TM Sgouros, G Stabin, MG Behe, M Angerstein, C Blumenthal, RD Apostolidis, C Molinet, R Sharkey, RM Koch, L Goldenberg, DM Becker, W TI Studies on the red marrow dosimetry in radioimmunotherapy: An experimental investigation of factors influencing the radiation-induced myelotoxicity in therapy with beta-, Auger/conversion electron-, or alpha-emitters SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Radioimmunodetection and Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer CY OCT 15-17, 1998 CL PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP NCI, NIH, Coulter Pharmaceut, Garden State Canc Ctr, Ctr Mol Med & Immunol, Genetech Inc, IDEC Pharmaceut Corp, Immunomed Inc, Schering Oncol Biotech ID RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; MURINE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; DOSE-LIMITING TOXICITY; NUDE-MOUSE MODEL; IN-VIVO; CANCER-THERAPY; EFFICACY; TUMOR; TRANSPLANTATION AB Usually, the red marrow (RM) is the first dose-limiting organ in radioimmunotherapy. However, several studies have obtained only poor correlations between the marrow doses and the resulting toxicities. Furthermore, RM doses are mostly not determined directly but are derived from blood doses by assuming a ratio that is, over time for the respective conjugates, more or less constant between blood and marrow activities. The aim of this study was to determine, in a mouse model, this RM:blood activity ratio for various immunoconjugates, to investigate whether there may be differences between complete IgG and its fragments with various labels (I-125/131 versus In-111, Y-88/90, or Bi-213), and to analyze, in more detail, factors other than just total dose, such as dose rate or relative biological effectiveness factors, that may influence the resulting myelotoxicity. The maximum tolerated activities (MTAs) and doses (MTDs) of several murine, chimeric, and humanized immunoconjugates as complete IgG or fragments (F(ab)(2) and Fab), labeled with beta(-)-emitters (such as I-131 or Y-90), Auger electron-emitters (such as I-125 or In-111), or alpha-emitters (such as Bi-213) were determined in nude mice. Blood counts were monitored at weekly intervals; bone marrow transplantation was performed to support the assumption of the RM as dose-limiting. The radiation dosimetry was derived from biodistribution data of the various conjugates, accounting for cross-organ radiation; besides the major organs, the activities in the blood and bone marrow (and bone) were determined over time. Whereas no significant differences were found for the RM:blood ratios between various IgG subtypes, different radiolabels or various time points, differences were found between IgG and bi- or monovalent fragments: typically, the RM:blood ratios were approximately 0.4 for IgG, 0.8 for F(ab')(2), and 1.0 for Fab'. Nevertheless, at the respective MTAs, the RM doses differed significantly between the three conjugates: e.g., with I-131-labeled conjugates, the maximum tolerated activities were 260 mu Ci for IgG, 1200 mu Ci for F(ab)(2), and 3 mCi for Fab, corresponding to blood doses of 17, 9, and 4 Gy, respectively. However, initial dose rates were 10 times higher with Fab as compared to IgG, and still 3 times higher as compared to F(ab),; interestingly, all three deliver similar to 4 Gy within the first 24 h. The MTDs of all three conjugates were increased by BMT by approximately 30%. Similar observations were made for Y-90-conjugates. Higher RM doses were tolerated with Anger-emitters than with conventional beta(-)-emitters, whereas the MTDs were similar between alpha- and beta(-)-emitters. In accordance to dose rates never exceeding those occurring at the single injection MTA, two subsequent injections of two doses of 80% of the single shot MTA of I-131- or Y-90-labeled Fab' and two doses of 100% of the single shot MTA of Bi-213-labeled Fab' were tolerated without increased lethality, if administered 24-48 h apart. In contrast, reinjection of bivalent conjugates was not possible within 6 weeks. These data suggest that the RM:blood activity ratios differ between IgG and fragments, although there is no anatomical or physiological explanation for this phenomenon at this point. In contrast to the current opinion, indication for a strong influence of the dose rate (or dose per unit time), not only total dose, on the resulting toxicity is provided, whereas the influence of high-linear energy transfer (alpha and Auger/conversion electrons) versus low-linear energy transfer (beta and gamma) type radiation seems to be much lower than expected from previous in vitro data. The lower myelotoxicity of Auger-emitters is probably due to the short path length of their low-energy electrons, which cannot reach the nuclear DNA if the antibody is not internalized into the stem cells of the RM. C1 Univ Gottingen, Dept Nucl Med, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. Garden State Canc Ctr, Belleville, NJ USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oakd Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Behr, TM (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Dept Nucl Med, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. RI Behe, Martin/E-2941-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA39841] NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 10 SU S BP 3031S EP 3043S PG 13 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 308CJ UT WOS:000086691600010 PM 10541340 ER PT J AU Davis, IA Kennel, SJ AF Davis, IA Kennel, SJ TI Radioimmunotherapy using vascular targeted Bi-213: The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the development of pulmonary fibrosis SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Radioimmunodetection and Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer CY OCT 15-17, 1998 CL PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY SP NCI, NIH, Coulter Pharmaceut, Garden State Canc Ctr, Ctr Mol Med & Immunol, Genetech Inc, IDEC Pharmaceut Corp, Immunomed Inc, Schering Oncol Biotech ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PARTICLE EMITTER; GROWTH-FACTOR; MICE; LUNG; ANGIOGENESIS; LOCALIZATION; IRRADIATION; CELLS; TNF AB A monoclonal antibody (201B) specific to murine thrombomodulin, covalently linked to cyclohexyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, successfully delivers chelated Bi-213, an alpha-particle emitter, (Bi-213-201B) rapidly to lung vascular endothelium. When injected at doses of 1 MBq/ Bi-213-201B destroyed most of the 100 colonies of mouse, EMT-6 mammary carcinomas growing as lung tumors of up to 2000 cells/colony. Some mice were cured of lung tumors, and others had extended life spans compared to untreated control animals but eventually succumbed to tumor recurrence. At injected doses of 4-6 MBq/mouse, 100% of lung tumor colonies were eliminated; however, 3-4 months later, these mice developed pulmonary fibrosis and died. The mechanisms leading to the fibrotic response in other pulmonary irradiation models strongly implicate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), released from damaged tissues, as the pivotal inflammatory cytokine in a cascade of events that culminate in fibrosis. Attempts to prevent the development of pulmonary fibrosis, by using antibodies or soluble receptor (rhuTNFR:Fc) as inhibitors of TNF-alpha, were unsuccessful. Additionally, mice genetically deficient for TNF-alpha production developed pulmonary fibrosis following 213Bi-201B treatment. Interestingly, non-tumor-bearing BALB/c mice receiving rhuTNFR:Fc or mice genetically deficient in TNF-alpha production and treated with Bi-213-201B, had significantly reduced life spans compared to mice receiving no treatment or Bi-213-201B alone. We speculate that in normal mice, although TNF-alpha may induce an inflammatory response following alpha-particle radiation mediated tumor clearance and pulmonary damage, its effects in the post-tumor clearance time period may actually retard the development of fibrosis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kennel, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol, Div Life Sci, Bldg 4500S,MS 6101,Room F150,POB 2008,Bethel Vall, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL09718]; NIAAA NIH HHS [IAA97-053] NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 10 SU S BP 3160S EP 3164S PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 308CJ UT WOS:000086691600028 PM 10541358 ER PT J AU Lee, SC Koshland, CP Lucas, D Sawyer, RF AF Lee, SC Koshland, CP Lucas, D Sawyer, RF TI Effect of postflame injection of fuel on the destruction of chlorinated hydrocarbons and the oxidation of NO SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DESTRUCTION; COMBUSTION; REDUCTION AB Postflame injection of fuel has been proposed as a means of reducing chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) in a combustion exhaust. In this study, the effects of this strategy on CHCs and NOx are investigated. A small amount of fuel, such as CO or CH3OH, has been injected into the postflame region from a turbulent combustion-driven flow reactor to assess its effect on the destruction of two CHCs (CH3Cl and C2H5Cl) and simultaneously, the oxidation of NO to NO2. The results suggest that this strategy is effective only in certain conditions. There is an optimal temperature similar to 1050 K,where NO is most effectively converted to NO2. Adding fuel to the postflame region increases the concentrations of both HO2 and OH radicals, but temperature is the key factor in determining which radical will dominate the reaction pathway. For the destruction of CHCs, attack by OH is the major destruction route, with T > 1200 K desired. For NO oxidation, the HO2 radical is the key species, and lower temperatures are necessary. (C) 1999 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Environm Engn Program, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Energy & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, SC (reprint author), Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Environm Engn Program, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. EM ceslee@polyu.edu.hk RI Sawyer, Robert/B-5013-2014 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 1999 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00033-4 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 228HB UT WOS:000082130100012 ER PT J AU Chorin, AJ Kast, AP Kupferman, R AF Chorin, AJ Kast, AP Kupferman, R TI Unresolved computation and optimal predictions SO COMMUNICATIONS ON PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS AB We present methods for predicting the solution of time-dependent partial differential equations when that solution is so complex that it cannot be properly resolved numerically, but when prior statistical information can be found. The sparse numerical data are viewed as constraints on the solution. and the gist of our proposal is a set of methods for advancing the constraints in time so that regression methods can be used to reconstruct the mean future. For linear equations we offer general recipes for advancing the constraints; the methods are generalized to certain classes of nonlinear problems, and the conditions under which strongly nonlinear problems and partial statistical information can be handled are briefly discussed. Our methods are related to certain data acquisition schemes in oceanography and meteorology. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons,:nc. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chorin, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Math, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50A-215, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0010-3640 J9 COMMUN PUR APPL MATH JI Commun. Pure Appl. Math. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1231 EP 1254 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199910)52:10<1231::AID-CPA3>3.0.CO;2-C PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 230RZ UT WOS:000082265300003 ER PT J AU Glenn, TC Stephan, W Braun, MJ AF Glenn, TC Stephan, W Braun, MJ TI Effects of a population bottleneck on Whooping Crane mitochondrial DNA variation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOMBAT LASIORHINUS-KREFFTII; GENETIC-VARIATION; GRUS-AMERICANA; CONTROL REGION; CONSERVATION; POLYMORPHISM; EVOLUTION; MODELS; NUMBER; SITES AB The Whooping Crane (Grus americana) is an endangered bird that suffered a severe population bottleneck; only 14 adults survived in 1938. We assessed the genetic effect of this human-caused bottleneck by sequencing 314 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA control region from cranes that lived before, during and after this bottleneck. The maximum length of DNA amplifiable from museum specimens was negatively correlated with age, and only 10 of 153 specimens yielded the entire 314 bp sequence. Six haplotypes were present among the prebottleneck individuals sequenced, and only one of these persists in the modern population. The most common modern haplotype was in low frequency in the prebottleneck population, which demonstrates the powerful effect of genetic drift in changing allele frequencies in very small populations. By combining all available data, we show that no more than one-third of the prebottleneck haplotypes survived the human-caused population bottleneck. High levels of variation of substitution rates among nucleotide sites prevented us from estimating the prebottleneck population size. Our data will be incorporated into the captive breeding program to allow better management decisions regarding the preservation of current genetic diversity. These data offer the first glimpse into the genetic toll this species has paid for human activities. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Zool, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Lab Mol Systemat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Glenn, TC (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM glenn@srel.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 54 TC 96 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1097 EP 1107 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97527.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 240JD UT WOS:000082821400022 ER PT J AU Zhang, HJ Dirk, WJ Geesey, GG AF Zhang, HJ Dirk, WJ Geesey, GG TI Effect of bacterial biofilm on corrosion of galvanically coupled aluminum and stainless steel alloys under conditions simulating wet storage of spent nuclear fuel SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE aluminum; biofilms; galvanic corrosion; galvanic couple; nuclear applications and environments; nuclear fuel; stainless steel ID MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION; PIPELINES AB Galvanic corrosion is a concern during wet storage of spent nuclear fuels when aluminum alloys used as cladding for nuclear fuel rods become coupled to stainless steel alloys used as materials for construction of fuel rod hangers and containment equipment. A larger galvanic current density was observed between coupled UNS A96061 and UNS S30400 electrodes submerged in as-received makeup water from a spent nuclear fuel wet storage facility compared to control couples submerged in autoclave-sterilized makeup water. The differences were attributed to the development of a discontinuous bacterial biofilm on the couples submerged in as-received makeup water, which was not evident on the control couples that contained several orders of magnitude lower densities of bacteria. While pitting corrosion was observed on the UNS A96061 electrodes containing high or low densities of bacteria, maximum pit depth on the electrodes with high bacterial densities was twice that measured on electrodes with low bacterial densities. C1 Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Mat Dev & Technol Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Zhang, HJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 55 IS 10 BP 924 EP 936 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 245RA UT WOS:000083120900003 ER PT J AU Bissell, MJ Nelson, WJ AF Bissell, MJ Nelson, WJ TI Cell-to-cell contact and extracellular matrix Integration of form and function: the central role of adhesion molecules - Editorial overview SO CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 83-101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0955-0674 J9 CURR OPIN CELL BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 5 BP 537 EP 539 DI 10.1016/S0955-0674(99)00029-0 PG 3 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 243ZV UT WOS:000083028100001 ER PT J AU Dudney, NJ Neudecker, BJ AF Dudney, NJ Neudecker, BJ TI Solid state thin-film lithium battery systems SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE lipon; micro-power sources; rechargeable lithium batteries; thin-film batteries ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RECHARGEABLE BATTERY; MANGANESE-OXIDE; ION BATTERIES; CATHODES; ELECTROLYTE; WINDOWS AB Thin-film rechargeable lithium batteries, less than 15 mu m thick, are being developed as micro-power sources. Batteries with long cycle lives have been constructed with a variety of electrode materials and cell configurations onto thin ceramic, metal, and Si substrates. Improvements in the properties of several well-known cathode thin-film materials have been reported, while several novel thin-film anode materials have been introduced in recent papers. All recent thin-film batteries with moderate discharge powers and cycle Lives rely on the amorphous lithium phosphorus oxynitride electrolyte, known as Lipon, deposited by rf magnetron sputtering. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dudney, NJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 30 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 28 U2 158 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 4 IS 5 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1016/S1359-0286(99)00052-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 350KF UT WOS:000089099300011 ER PT J AU Mariella, RP Huang, ZP Langlois, RG AF Mariella, RP Huang, ZP Langlois, RG TI Characterization of the sensitivity of side scatter in a flow-stream waveguide flow cytometer SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE side scatter; sensitivity; flow-stream waveguide; flow cytometry ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; WAVE-GUIDE; COLLECTION; SIZE AB Background: We previously reported a new optical configuration, in which both the side scatter and the fluorescence are collected using the index-guided, total internal reflection of a flow stream in air (the flow-stream waveguide). Methods: Using a mixture of 0.202-mu m and 0.093-mu m diameter polystyrene beads, we have characterized the side scatter (SSC) sensitivity of a custom-built flow cytometer (miniFlo) which incorporates a flow-stream waveguide. Results: The SSC-triggered SSC signal of 0.093-mu m polystyrene beads in water was almost baseline resolved from the background. We also measured the SSC-triggered SSC signal of the same beads in water on our FACScan, which is a commercial unit with the conventional optical arrangement that uses a custom imaging objective to collect light from a sheath flow cuvette in perpendicular direction-the signal from 0.093-mu m beads was not resolved from the background. Conclusions: The SSC sensitivity of miniFlo is one of the best reported in the literature. Cytometry 37:160-165, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mariella, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-222, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 160 EP 163 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19991001)37:2<160::AID-CYTO10>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 238JA UT WOS:000082706100010 PM 10486529 ER PT J AU Silva, S Mammana, VP Salvadori, MC Monteiro, OR Brown, IG AF Silva, S Mammana, VP Salvadori, MC Monteiro, OR Brown, IG TI WC-Co cutting tool inserts with diamond coatings SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE chemical vapor deposition; cutting tools; diamond; intermediate layers ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; METAL PLASMA IMMERSION; FILMS; CARBIDE; NUCLEATION; STREAMS; CARBON; HARD AB WC-Co cutting tool inserts were coated with diamond films using microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition. Several pretreatment processes and combinations were used to enhance the diamond nucleation and growth: mechanical treatments with diamond powder seeding, acid etching of the cobalt using an electrolytic acid bath, and formation of a TiC or DLC interlayer using metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (MePIIID). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to view the diamond him morphology, and microanalysis was used to examine for cobalt removal after acid etching. The diamond quality was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, and the adhesion between the film and the cutting tool inserts was estimated by indentation tests. The present work compares the different treatments of the WC-Co insert surface, with particular reference to the adhesion between the diamond film and the cutting tool insert. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salvadori, MC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Salvadori, Maria Cecilia/A-9379-2013; OI Silva, S. Ravi P./0000-0002-0356-1319 NR 19 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1913 EP 1918 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(99)00156-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 236AW UT WOS:000082576900016 ER PT J AU Kaper, HG Takac, P AF Kaper, HG Takac, P TI Bifurcating vortex solutions of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE complex Ginsburg-Landau equation; bifurcation; vortex solutions; determining nodes ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; NUMBER; NODES AB It is shown that the complex Ginzburg-Landau (CGL) equation on the real line admits nontrivial 2 pi-periodic vortex solutions that have 2n simple zeros ("vortices") per period. The vortex solutions bifurcate from the trivial solution and inherit their zeros from the solution of the linearized equation. This result rules out the possibility that the vortices are determining nodes for vortex solutions of the CGL equation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Math, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. RP Kaper, HG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWEST MISSOURI STATE UNIV PI SPRINGFIELD PA DEPT MATHEMATICS, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65804 USA SN 1078-0947 J9 DISCRET CONTIN DYN S JI Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 871 EP 880 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 289ME UT WOS:000085624900012 ER PT J AU Haney, S Crotinger, J Karmesin, S Smith, S AF Haney, S Crotinger, J Karmesin, S Smith, S TI PETE: The Portable Expression Template Engine SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 600 HARRISON ST,, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 24 IS 10 BP 88 EP + PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 235UG UT WOS:000082560500023 ER PT J AU Streets, DG Waldhoff, ST AF Streets, DG Waldhoff, ST TI Greenhouse-gas emissions from biofuel combustion in Asia SO ENERGY LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS; STOVES AB An inventory of biofuel combustion is used to develop estimates of the emissions of carbon-containing greenhouse gases (CO2, CO, CH4, and NMHC) in Asian countries. It is estimated that biofuels contributed 573 Tg-C (teragrams of carbon; 1 Tg = 10(12) g) in 1990, about 28% of the total carbon emissions from energy use in Asia. China (259 Tg-C) and India (187 Tg-C) were the largest emitting countries. The majority of the emissions, 504 Tg-C, were in the form of CO2; however, emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases were significant: 57 Tg-C as CO, 6.4 Tg-C as CH4, and 5.9 Tg-C as NMHC. Because of the high rates of incomplete combustion in typical biofuel stoves and cookers and the high global warming potentials (GWP) of the products of incomplete combustion (PICs), biofuels comprise an even larger share of energy-related emissions when measured in terms of total GWP (in CO2 equivalents): 38% over a 20-year time horizon and 31% over a 100-year time horizon. Even when the biofuel is assumed to be harvested on a completely sustainable basis tall CO2 emissions reabsorbed in the following growing season), PIC emissions from biofuel combustion account for 4.5% of the total carbon emissions and 23% of CO2 equivalents on a short-term (20-year) GWP basis. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Streets, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 22 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD OCT PY 1999 VL 24 IS 10 BP 841 EP 855 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00030-4 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 257PW UT WOS:000083791600002 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Guerrero, A Aceves, SM Cabrera-Ruiz, E Baltazar-Cervanres, JC AF Hernandez-Guerrero, A Aceves, SM Cabrera-Ruiz, E Baltazar-Cervanres, JC TI Modeling of the charge and discharge processes in energy storage cells SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LATENT-HEAT STORAGE; THERMODYNAMICS; PERFORMANCE; CONVECTION; MODULE; TUBE AB Energy storage cells with phase change offer a possibility of better utilization of waste and solar thermal energy. This paper presents the results of an analysis of this type of cells, for the energy storage process (charging), and the release of energy process (discharging). The analysis considers two cases, (i) a process in which the phase change material melts from the bottom of the cell under which a constant temperature source is maintained, and (ii) a process in which the melting occurs by heating the cell with a fluid flowing under the cell. The results include the evolution of the solid-liquid interface, and the determination of how much energy has been stored throughout the whole process. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Guanajuato, Fac Ingn Mecan Elect & Elect, Salamanca 36730, Guanajuato, Mexico. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hernandez-Guerrero, A (reprint author), Univ Guanajuato, Fac Ingn Mecan Elect & Elect, Apartado Postal 215-A, Salamanca 36730, Guanajuato, Mexico. RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD OCT-NOV PY 1999 VL 40 IS 15-16 BP 1753 EP 1763 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(99)00068-0 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 239VV UT WOS:000082791300016 ER PT J AU Kazakevicius, E Gadgil, A Vorsatz, D AF Kazakevicius, E Gadgil, A Vorsatz, D TI Residential lighting in Lithuania SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE residential lighting; compact fluorescent lamps; electricity conservation potential ID ENERGY AB A wider use of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) offers a significant opportunity for Lithuania in reducing wasteful electricity consumption, and making progress towards retiring the Chernobyl-type Ignalina nuclear power reactors. We evaluate the conservation potential of compact fluorescent lamps for managing the residential electrical energy demand in Lithuania. The analysis is undertaken from the three separate perspectives of (1) the national economy, (2) the consumers and (3) the utilities. In our analysis we use the most recent available data on Lithuanian residential lighting. The costs of conserved energy of 15 and 23 W CFLs range from $0.007 to 0.031 per kW h depending on CFL price and assuming 4-hour daily lamp use. Replacing only the two most used 60 W incandescent lamps per household with CFLs would save 190 GW h of electrical energy for Lithuania annually worth 12 million US dollars at the long run marginal cost. We compare the current residential lighting situation in Lithuania with that in Hungary and Poland, where introduction of CFLs has been much more successful. We then discuss factors that could explain the much higher CFL penetration in Hungary and Poland, barriers to immediate large-scale introduction of CFLs in Lithuania, and policy instruments that could be used for promoting the diffusion of CFLs in the residential sector of Lithuania. We conclude that future success of CFL penetration in Lithuania will depend on aggressive information and promotion efforts by at least the CFL manufacturers, and/or by any of the stakeholder institutions (e.g. the state agencies responsible for energy and environment, electric utilities, international agencies, etc.). Given the small size of the Lithuanian market, it would make sense to "team up" with one or more neighboring countries to address the CFL issues. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cent European Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary. RP Gadgil, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Mailstop 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455; Urge-Vorsatz, Diana/0000-0003-2570-5341 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 10 BP 603 EP 611 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(99)00052-X PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 264UX UT WOS:000084202100004 ER PT J AU Gaffney, JS Marley, NA Steele, HD Drayton, PJ Hubbe, JM AF Gaffney, JS Marley, NA Steele, HD Drayton, PJ Hubbe, JM TI Aircraft measurements of nitrogen dioxide and peroxyacyl nitrates using luminol chemiluminescence with fast capillary gas chromatography SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE NITROGEN; PAN; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB Fast capillary gas chromatography with luminol detection has been used to make airborne measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). The analysis system allows for the simultaneous measurement of NO2 and peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) with time resolution of less than 1 min, an improvement of a factor of 4-5 over previously reported methods using electron capture detection. Data presented were taken near Pasco, Washington, in August 1997, during a test flight onboard the U.S. Department of Energy G-1 aircraft. We report measurements of NO2 in the boundary layer in a paper mill plume and a plume from a grass fire, in addition to analyses for free tropospheric NO2 and PAN. Ratios of PAN/NO2 were observed to increase with altitude (decreasing temperature) and to reach values of 2-4 above the boundary layer, consistent with the thermal equilibrium of the peroxyacetyl radical and NO2 with PAN. Estimates for the peroxyacetyl radical in the continental free troposphere, calculated from this equilibrium, were found to be in the range of 10(4)-10(5) molecules per cubic centimeter. These results demonstrate the application of this approach for airborne measurements of NO2 and PAN in a wide range of field study scenarios. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Atmospher Sci Tech Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gaffney, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 19 BP 3285 EP 3289 DI 10.1021/es981102g PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 241KA UT WOS:000082881100019 ER PT J AU Hoard, JW Wallington, TJ Ball, JC Hurley, MD Wodzisz, K Balmer, ML AF Hoard, JW Wallington, TJ Ball, JC Hurley, MD Wodzisz, K Balmer, ML TI Role of methyl nitrate in plasma exhaust treatment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; MECHANISMS; KINETICS; RADICALS AB There is growing interest in the use of a nonthermal plasma combined with a catalyst for NOx removal from diesel engine exhaust streams. Such exhaust streams contain excess oxygen (typically 6-10%), low concentrations of hydrocarbons (typically 100-1000 ppm), and significant concentrations of water (typically 5-12%). Conversion of NOx to environmentally acceptable compounds, without requiring a scrubber or an added reductant, is the desired end result. In our research we observe the formation of substantial amounts of methyl nitrate (CH3ONO2) by the plasma discharge. Since similar compounds have been proposed as reaction intermediates in NOx removal, tests were performed to elucidate the effect of CH3O NO2 in the plasma catalyst system. CH3ONO2 was prepared and added to the gas blend on test equipment simulating a diesel exhaust gas. A dielectric barrier plasma discharge was followed by a zeolite-based catalyst. Methyl nitrate introduced upstream of the plasma discharge is largely unreacted upon passing through the plasma. CH3ONO2 arriving at the catalyst is converted to methanol and NO2. While methyl nitrate was shown to be formed in this system, it is not a significant intermediate in the mechanism of conversion of NOx to nitrogen. C1 Ford Motor Co, Res Lab, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hoard, JW (reprint author), Ford Motor Co, Res Lab, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 19 BP 3427 EP 3431 DI 10.1021/es9813010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 241KA UT WOS:000082881100041 ER PT J AU Cicerone, DS Stewart, AJ Roh, Y AF Cicerone, DS Stewart, AJ Roh, Y TI Diel cycles in calcite production and dissolution in a eutrophic basin SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biogenic calcite production; metal bioavailability; model mechanisms ID SORPTION; STREAM; SEAGRASSES; TOXICITY; DYNAMICS; MERCURY; METALS AB Calcite production is understood largely as a longer-term phenomenon (e.g., seasonal whitings) that can occur in hardwater lakes, and is significant ecologically because it can slow the rate of eutrophication by reducing, through adsorption, the availability of nutrients to primary producers. In this study we show that rapid changes in concentration of dissolved CO, by photosynthesis and respiration within a eutrophic basin generated strong day-to-night cycles in calcite production and dissolution. Diel cycles in calcite production and dissolution were large enough that they could drive secondary diel cycles in the availability of metals that strongly sorb to the surfaces of calcite particles. We explored the possibility of the secondary diel cycling of metals by intensive 7-d in situ monitoring of water-quality conditions in a shallow, eutrophic spill-control basin near an industrial facility in eastern Tennessee; inspecting data from a 7-year record of water-quality parameters for this basin; analyzing physicochemical characteristics and mineralogic composition of sediments in the basin; and conducting laboratory experiments to characterize the interaction of calcite with Cd, under solid-liquid nonequilibrium conditions. We found that the basin accumulated and stored calcite. In situ monitoring showed that calcite was produced during daylight, and tended to dissolve again at night; the calcite production and dissolution processes seemed to be modulated by dissolved-phase CO, dynamics, in concert with large diel fluctuations in pCa, pH, and PO2. Laboratory experiments showed a rapid interaction (<6 h) of Cd with calcite, in response to dissolved CO, changes. Thus, concentrations of dissolved Cd can vary over daily cycles, mediated by diel changes in calcite production and dissolution. Thermodynamic considerations suggest that other metals, such as Zn, Sr, Ni, and Ba, may demonstrate this behavior as well. C1 Comis Nacl Energia Atom, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cicerone, DS (reprint author), Comis Nacl Energia Atom, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997 NR 42 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2169 EP 2177 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2169:DCICPA>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 240FD UT WOS:000082814500008 ER PT J AU Gorgen, A Hubel, H Ward, D Chmel, S Clark, RM Cromaz, M Diamond, RM Fallon, P Hauschild, K Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Vetter, K AF Gorgen, A Hubel, H Ward, D Chmel, S Clark, RM Cromaz, M Diamond, RM Fallon, P Hauschild, K Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Vetter, K TI Spectroscopy of Hg-200 after incomplete fusion reaction SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID MODEL; COLLISIONS; EXCITATION; BANDS AB High-spin states in Hg-200 have been investigated by in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy following the reaction Pt-198(Be-9,alpha 3n). The alpha-emission channel leading to Hg-200 is strongly enhanced which may be explained by an incomplete fusion reaction with pre-equilibrium emission of the alpha particle. The level scheme is extended to higher spins and new band crossings are observed. The band structures are compared to the lighter Hg isotopes with even mass number. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gorgen, A (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RI Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 141 EP 147 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 248RV UT WOS:000083289900004 ER PT J AU Reiss, C Bender, M Reinhard, PG AF Reiss, C Bender, M Reinhard, PG TI Nuclear shell gaps at finite temperatures SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID R-PROCESS; EFFECTIVE FORCES; PARAMETRIZATION AB Neutron-rich nuclei with a closed neutron shell represent chains of waiting-point nuclei in the astrophysical r-process. Details of their nuclear structure like separation energies, shell structure and beta(-)-decay half-lives have a dramatic influence on element abundances calculated from r-process simulations. Actual supernova scenarios take place at finite temperature. To investigate the influence of finite temperature on binding energies and shell gaps, i.e. the second derivative of the binding energy, we calculate the shell gaps in the range of interest and slightly beyond, i.e. 0 less than or equal to k(B)T less than or equal to 0.8 MeV. Basis of the description is the self-consistent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model and an extension of BCS pairing to finite temperature using a natural orbital representation. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reiss, C (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Staudtstr 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RI Bender, Michael/B-9004-2009 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s100500050330 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 248RV UT WOS:000083289900006 ER PT J AU Ball, J Beddo, M Bedfer, Y Bystricky, J Chamouard, PA Combet, M Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Gaillard, G Grosnick, D Hess, R Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM AF Ball, J Beddo, M Bedfer, Y Bystricky, J Chamouard, PA Combet, M Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Gaillard, G Grosnick, D Hess, R Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM TI Measurement of the pp analyzing power in the vicinity of 2.20 GeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON ELASTIC-SCATTERING; BEAM POLARIZATION; GEV-C; PROTON; DEPENDENCE; REGION AB The pp elastic scattering analyzing power was measured in small energy steps in the vicinity of the accelerator depolarizing resonance gamma G = 6 at 2.202 GeV. A vertically polarized proton beam was extracted from SATURNE II at energies above the resonance and passed through different copper degraders. The beam was focused on the beam line polarimeter CH2 target. Its halo was removed by four powerful magnets. Measurements at degraded energies were complemented by data obtained with the directly extracted polarized beam outside the resonance region. Analyzing power results at fixed laboratory angles are compared with existing data in the region under discussion, with polynomial fits from 1.6 to 3.5 GeV, and with phase shift analysis predictions. C1 CEA Saclay, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Natl SATURNE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Ball, J (reprint author), CEA Saclay, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Natl SATURNE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 10 IS 3 BP 409 EP 413 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 248RW UT WOS:000083290000005 ER PT J AU Schlei, BR Strottman, D Sullivan, JP van Hecke, HW AF Schlei, BR Strottman, D Sullivan, JP van Hecke, HW TI Bose-Einstein correlations and the equation of state of nuclear matter SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; PB+PB COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE EXPANSION; PION INTERFEROMETRY AB Within a relativistic hydrodynamic framework, we use four different equations of state of nuclear matter to compare to experimental spectra from CERN/SPS experiments NA44 and NA49. Freeze-out hypersurfaces and Bose-Einstein correlation functions for identical pion pairs are discussed. We find that two-pion Bose-Einstein interferometry measures the relationship between the temperature and the energy density in the equation of state during the late hadronic stage of the fireball expansion. Little sensitivity of the light-hadron data to a quark-gluon plasma phase-transition is seen. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schlei, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, P-25, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 10 IS 3 BP 483 EP 486 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 248RW UT WOS:000083290000011 ER PT J AU Rivas, JG Sprik, R Soukoulis, CM Busch, K Lagendijk, A AF Rivas, JG Sprik, R Soukoulis, CM Busch, K Lagendijk, A TI Optical transmission through strong scattering and highly polydisperse media SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DISORDERED MEDIUM; LOCALIZATION; REFLECTION; LIGHT AB We present near infrared total transmission measurements through samples of randomly packed silicon powders. At different wavelengths we analyze in detail the scattering properties and the effects of residual absorption. The loa est value of kl(s), where k is the wave vector and l(s) is the scattering mean free path is 3.2. We also observe that kl(s) is nearly constant over a wide wavelength range. This phenomenon is associated with the high polydispersity of the particles. We use the energy density coherent potenial approximation to explain our measurements. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theory Condensed Matter, Dept Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Rivas, JG (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, Valckenierstr 65, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. RI Lagendijk, Ad/I-5409-2013; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 16 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1209/epl/i1999-00108-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244GD UT WOS:000083042700004 ER PT J AU Josserand, C AF Josserand, C TI A 2D asymmetric exclusion model for granular flows SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATIONS AB A 2D version of the asymmetric exclusion model for granular sheared flows is presented. The velocity profile exhibits two qualitatively different behaviors, dependent on control parameters. For low friction, the velocity profile follows an exponential decay while for large friction the profile is more accurately represented by a Gaussian law. The phase transition occurring between these two behaviors is identified by the appearance of correlations in the cluster size distribution. Finally, a mean-field theory gives qualitative and quantitative good agreement with the numerical results. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Josserand, C (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1209/epl/i1999-00110-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244GD UT WOS:000083042700006 ER PT J AU Antolak, AJ Morse, DH Hebron, DE Leeper, RJ Schroen-Carey, D AF Antolak, AJ Morse, DH Hebron, DE Leeper, RJ Schroen-Carey, D TI Characterizing the uniformity of polystyrene and TPX z-pinch fusion targets by nuclear microscopy SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE fusion research; z-pinch fusion targets; nuclear microscopy ID DENSITY AB Fusion research at Sandia's z-pinch accelerator has produced an X-ray radiation source with a confirmed equivalent black body temperature of 1.8 000 000 degrees C and an output of about 290 terawatts. This radiation source was created by containing the X-rays produced by a z-pinch plasma implosion in a special type of wire array radiation case, about the size of a spool of thread. By placing annular or cylindrical foam targets inside the wire array (a concept called dynamic or internal hohlraum), even higher temperatures can be attained by the rapidly compressing volume. The dynamic hohlraum as an X-ray source places stringent requirements on the quality of foam targets to minimize plasma instabilities during implosion. Nuclear microscopy, which used MeV-energy focused ion beams to characterize materials, provides unique capabilities for quantifying fabrication-induced defects in these targets with fine resolution. For example, the uniformity of representative annular and cylindrical foam targets has been nondestructively characterized in three dimensions by IMT (ion microtomography) with 50-100 mu m spatial resolution. The uniformity of very large diameter annular targets (up to 24 mm outer diameter) was measured using STIM (scanning transmission ion microscopy) at several angular orientations. The distribution of diagnostic tracer elements used in some targets to probe the z-pinch plasma was measured by scanned PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission) and RES (Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy). The results of these analyses show that high quality foam targets are being delivered for z-pinch experiments, even when target development lead times are as short as 3 weeks. Published by Elsevier Science S.A.. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Antolak, AJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 8715 MS-9402, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(99)00062-9 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 249NU UT WOS:000083339800004 ER PT J AU Beck, M Dongarra, JJ Fagg, GE Al Geist, G Gray, P Kohl, J Migliardi, M Moore, K Moore, T Papadopoulous, P Scott, SL Sunderam, V AF Beck, M Dongarra, JJ Fagg, GE Al Geist, G Gray, P Kohl, J Migliardi, M Moore, K Moore, T Papadopoulous, P Scott, SL Sunderam, V TI HARNESS: a next generation distributed virtual machine SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE metacomputing; message-passing library; distributed application; distributed virtual machine; PVM ID COMMUNICATION AB Heterogeneous Adaptable Reconfigurable Networked SystemS (HARNESS) is an experimental metacomputing system [L. Smarr, C.E. Catlett, Communications of the ACM 35 (6) (1992) 45-52] built around the services of a highly customizable and reconfigurable Distributed Virtual Machine (DVM). The successful experience of the HARNESS design team with the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) project has taught us both the features which make the DVM model so valuable to parallel programmers and the limitations imposed by the PVM design. HARNESS seeks to remove some of those limitations by taking a totally different approach to creating and modifying a DVM. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Al Geist, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 6012, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014; OI Migliardi, Mauro/0000-0002-3634-7554 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 571 EP 582 DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(99)00010-2 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 228ZK UT WOS:000082167300005 ER PT J AU Fagg, GE Moore, K Dongarra, JJ AF Fagg, GE Moore, K Dongarra, JJ TI Scalable networked information processing environment (SNIPE) SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE metacomputing; message-passing library; distributed application; MPI; PVM; RCDS; multi-path communication AB Scalable Networked Information Processing Environment (SNIPE) is a metacomputing system that aims to provide a reliable, secure, fault-tolerant environment for long-term distributed computing applications and data stores across the global Internet. This system combines global naming and replication of both processing and data to support large-scale information processing applications leading to better availability and reliability than currently available with typical cluster computing and/or distributed computer environments. To facilitate this the system supports: distributed data collection, distributed computation, distributed control and resource management, distributed output and process migration. The underlying system supports multiple communication paths, media and routing methods to aid performance and robustness across both local and global networks. This paper details the goals, design and an initial implementation of SNIPE, and then demonstrates its usefulness in supporting a middleware project. Initial communications performance is also presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fagg, GE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, 104 Ayres Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 595 EP 605 DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(99)00012-6 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 228ZK UT WOS:000082167300007 ER PT J AU Foster, I Kesselman, C AF Foster, I Kesselman, C TI The Globus project: a status report SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE LA English DT Reprint DE globus project; computational grid; metacomputing; high performance distributed computing ID INFRASTRUCTURE; COMMUNICATION AB The Globus project is a multi-institutional research effort that seeks to enable the construction of computational grids providing pervasive, dependable, and consistent access to high-performance computational resources, despite geographical distribution of both resources and users. Computational grid technology is being viewed as a critical element of future high-performance computing environments that will enable entirely new classes of computation-oriented applications, much as the World Wide Web fostered the development of new classes of information-oriented applications. In this paper, we report on the status of the Globus project as of early 1998. We describe the progress that has been achieved to date in the development of the Globus toolkit, a set of core services for constructing grid tools and applications. We also discuss the Globus Ubiquitous Supercomputing Testbed Organization (GUSTO) that we have constructed to enable large-scale evaluation of Globus technologies, and we review early experiences with the development of large-scale grid applications on the GUSTO testbed. (C) 1998 IEEE. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM foster@mcs.anl.gov RI Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007; OI Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269; Kesselman, Carl/0000-0003-0917-1562 NR 30 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X EI 1872-7115 J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 607 EP 621 DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(99)00013-8 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 228ZK UT WOS:000082167300008 ER PT J AU Keahey, K AF Keahey, K TI PARDIS: Programmer-level abstractions for metacomputing SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CORBA; parallel; metacomputing; interoperability AB The potential offered by metacomputing is hard to realize due to the complexity of programming geographically distributed applications spanning different software systems. This paper describes PARDIS, a system designed to address this challenge, based on ideas underlying the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), a successful industry standard. PARDIS is a distributed environment in which objects representing data-parallel computations, called Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) objects, as well as non-parallel objects present in parallel programs, can interact with each other across platforms and software systems. Each of these objects represents a small encapsulated application and can be used as a building block in the construction of powerful distributed metaapplications. The objects interact through interfaces specified in the Interface Definition Language (IDL), which allows the programmer to integrate within one metaapplication component implemented using different software systems. Further, support for non-blocking interactions between objects allows PARDIS to build concurrent distributed scenarios. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kate@acl.lanl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X EI 1872-7115 J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(99)00015-1 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 228ZK UT WOS:000082167300010 ER PT J AU Plank, JS Casanova, H Beck, M Dongarra, JJ AF Plank, JS Casanova, H Beck, M Dongarra, JJ TI Deploying fault tolerance and taks migration with NetSolve SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fault-tolerance; scientific computing; computational server; checkpointing; migration ID MATRIX OPERATIONS; WORKSTATIONS; NETWORKS AB Computational power grids are computing environments with massive resources for processing and storage. While these resources may be pervasive, harnessing them is a major challenge for the average user. NetSolve is a software environment that addresses this concern. A fundamental feature of NetSolve is its integration of fault-tolerance and task migration in a way that is transparent to the end user. In this paper, we discuss how NetSolve's structure allows for the seamless integration of fault-tolerance and migration in grid applications, and present the specific approaches that have been and are currently being implemented within NetSolve. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Math Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X EI 1872-7115 J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 745 EP 755 DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(99)00024-2 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 228ZK UT WOS:000082167300019 ER PT J AU Krauss, LM Turner, MS AF Krauss, LM Turner, MS TI Geometry and destiny SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; UNIVERSE AB The recognition that the cosmological constant may be non-zero forces us to re-evaluate standard notions about the connection between geometry and the fate of our Universe. An open Universe can recollapse, and a closed Universe can expand forever. As a corollary, we point out that there is no set of cosmological observations we can perform that will unambiguously allow us to determine what the ultimate destiny of the Universe will be. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Krauss, LM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 14 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1453 EP 1459 DI 10.1023/A:1026757718530 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 249FT UT WOS:000083323100001 ER PT J AU Catasti, P Chen, X Mariappan, SVS Bradbury, EM Gupta, G AF Catasti, P Chen, X Mariappan, SVS Bradbury, EM Gupta, G TI DNA repeats in the human genome SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE human genome; DNA repeats; unusual structures; DNA replication; CpG methylation; gene regulation; genomic stability ID FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; HUMAN INSULIN GENE; LINKED POLYMORPHIC REGION; TRIPLET REPEATS; HUMAN CENTROMERES; HUMAN-CHROMOSOMES; HUMAN-DISEASE; METHYLATION; SEQUENCES; PROTEIN AB Repetitive DNA sequences, interspersed throughout the human genome, are capable of forming a wide variety of unusual DNA structures with simple and complex loopfolding patterns. The hairpin formed by the fragile X repeat, (CCG)(n), and the bipartite triplex formed by the Friedreich's ataxia repeat, (GAA)(n)/(TTC)(n), show simple loopfolding. On the other hand, the doubly folded hairpin formed by the human centromeric repeat, (AATGG)(n), the hairpin G-quartet formed by (TTAGGG)(n) at the 3' telomere overhang, and the hairpin G-quartet, and hairpin C+. C paired i-motif formed by the insulin minisatellite, [GRAPHICS] show multiple and complex loopfolding. We have performed high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and in vitro replication to show that unique base-pairing and loopfolding render stability to these unusual structures under physiological conditions. The formation of such stable structures offers a mechanism of unwinding which is advantageous during transcription. For example, the formation of the hairpin G-quartet, and hairpin C+. C paired i-motif upstream of the insulin gene may facilitate transcription. These unusual DNA structures also provide unique 'protein recognition motifs' quite different from a Watson-Crick double helix. For example, the hairpin G-quartet formed by (TTAGGG)(n) at the 3' telomere overhang is specifically recognized and stabilized by the human repair protein, Ku70/Ku80 hetero-dimer, which may be important in the stability of the telomere. However, the formation of the same unusual DNA structures during replication is likely to cause instability in the lengths of the DNA repeats. If the altered (generally expanded) length enhances the probability of the unusual structure during the next cycle of replication, it further increases the instability of the repeat causing a 'dynamic mutation'. In fact, NMR and in vitro replication studies show that the longer the repeat length the higher is the probability of hairpin formation by the fragile X repeat, (CCG)(n). In addition, the hairpin of the fragile X repeat, upstream of the FMR-1 gene, is more susceptible to CpG methylation than its duplex thereby leading to methyl-directed suppression of transcription. Thus, the selective advantage of the unusual structures formed by the DNA repeats in the regulation of gene expression may be offset by the genomic instability caused by the same structures during replication. The repeat number is a critical parameter that helps maintain a balance between the advantage gained from an unusual structure during gene expression and the disadvantage posed by the same structure during replication. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gupta, G (reprint author), T-10,MS-K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 51 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD OCT PY 1999 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 36 DI 10.1023/A:1003716509180 PG 22 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 248LE UT WOS:000083275400003 PM 10710707 ER PT J AU Usachenko, SI Bradbury, EM AF Usachenko, SI Bradbury, EM TI Histone-DNA contacts in structure/function relationships of nucleosomes as revealed by crosslinking SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE DNA-protein crosslinking; histone-DNA contacts; nucleosome structure and conformation ID URCHIN PARECHINUS-ANGULOSUS; CHROMATIN CORE PARTICLE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; PRIMARY ORGANIZATION; ACETYLATION; RESOLUTION; YEAST; TRANSCRIPTION; OCTAMER; NEUTRON AB We describe studies of histone-DNA contacts in the nucleosome using the method of covalent zero length protein-DNA crosslinking. These studies show that in intact nuclei isolated from different sources the linear sequential arrangement of histone-DNA contacts in the nucleosomal core is essentially the same. However, the relative strength of certain contacts varies and correlates with the level of chromatin activity and condensation. These altered contacts are located in the sharply bent regions of the nucleosomal DNA and are supposed to be sensitive to the structural changes that may occur during nucleosome functions. Studies of the mechanism of these alterations revealed that the difference in strength of these contacts is attributed to the different conformational state of the nucleosomal core and is caused by stretching of the nucleosomal DNA upon chromatin decondensation during its activation. Histone-terminal domains may be involved in this process through posttranslational modifications affecting chromatin condensation. The described localization of the histone H2A C-terminal domain in the nucleosome by crosslinking demonstrates the ability of this methodology to determine the location of histone-terminal domains and thereby elucidate their role in nucleosome function. Results of the described experiments suggest that chromatin decondensation may alter the nucleosomal DNA conformation and affect the histone-DNA contacts resulting in a structural transition that may play a role in rendering the nucleosome competent for transcription and/or replication. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Usachenko, SI (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD OCT PY 1999 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1023/A:1003785031470 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 248LE UT WOS:000083275400012 PM 10710716 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC Berendzen, J AF Terwilliger, TC Berendzen, J TI Exploring structure space - A protein structure initiative SO GENETICA LA English DT Article AB The genome projects are changing biology by providing the genetic blueprints of entire organisms. The blueprints are tantalizing but we cannot deduce everything we need to know from them, including the structures and detailed functions of proteins. In this paper we describe an approach for obtaining structural information about proteins on a genomic scale. We describe how structural and functional information might eventually be put together to form a basis for describing life at many levels. We then describe how structural information fits into this picture and classes of proteins for which structural information would be useful in a genomic context. We conclude with a proposal for an initiative to determine protein structures on a very large scale. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD OCT PY 1999 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1023/A:1003701500519 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 248LE UT WOS:000083275400016 PM 10710720 ER PT J AU Sussman, JL Abola, EE Lin, D Jiang, J Manning, NO Prilusky, J AF Sussman, JL Abola, EE Lin, D Jiang, J Manning, NO Prilusky, J TI The protein data bank - Bridging the gap between the sequence and 3D structure world SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE X-ray; protein structure; databases; database management systems ID GLYCOPROTEIN; RECEPTOR; PDB AB The protein data bank (PDB), at Brookhaven National Laboratory, is a database containing information on experimentally determined three-dimensional structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biological macromolecules, with approximately 9000 entries. The PDB has a 27-year history of service to a global community of researchers, educators, and students in a wide variety of scientific disciplines. Data are easily submitted via PDB's WWW-based tool AutoDep, in either PDB or mmCIF format, and are most conveniently examined via PDB's WWW-based tool 3DB Browser. Collaborative centers have been, and continue to be, established worldwide to assist in data deposition, archiving, and distribution. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Prot Data Bank, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Bioinformat Unit, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Sussman, JL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Prot Data Bank, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Sussman, Joel/0000-0003-0306-3878 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD OCT PY 1999 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1023/A:1003753517358 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 248LE UT WOS:000083275400017 PM 10710721 ER PT J AU Stipp, S Brady, PV Ragnarsdottir, KV Charlet, L AF Stipp, S Brady, PV Ragnarsdottir, KV Charlet, L TI Geochemistry in aqueous systems - A special issue in honor of Werner Stumm - Preface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geol, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Geol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, Grenoble, France. RP Stipp, S (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geol, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Ragnarsdottir, Kristin Vala/L-5369-2016 OI Ragnarsdottir, Kristin Vala/0000-0001-6958-0734 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 19-20 BP VII EP VII PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258EB UT WOS:000083824200002 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Persson, P Brown, GE AF Bargar, JR Persson, P Brown, GE TI Outer-sphere adsorption of Pb(II)EDTA on goethite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; METAL-EDTA COMPLEXES; BOEHMITE GAMMA-ALOOH; SURFACE FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; SORPTION PRODUCTS; FINE-STRUCTURE; NATURAL-WATERS; ALPHA-FEOOH AB Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAPS) spectroscopic measurements were performed on Pb(II)ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) adsorbed on goethite as a function of pH (4-6), Pb(II)EDTA concentration (0.11-72 mu M), and ionic strength (16 mu M-0.5 M). FTIR measurements show no evidence for carboxylate-Fe(III) bonding or protonation of EDTA at Pb:EDTA = 1:1. Both FTIR and EXAFS spectroscopic measurements suggest that EDTA acts as a hexadentate ligand, with all four of its carboxylate and both of its amine groups bonded to Pb(II). No evidence was observed for inner-sphere Pb(II)-goethite bonding at Pb:EDTA = 1:1. Hence, the adsorbed complexes should have composition Pb(II)EDTA(2-). Because substantial uptake of PbEDTA(II)(2-) occurred in the samples, we interpret that Pb(II)EDTA(2-) adsorbed as outer-sphere complexes and/or as complexes that lose part of their solvation shells and hydrogen bond directly to goethite surface sites. We propose the term "hydration-sphere" for the latter type of complexes because they should occupy space in the primary hydration spheres of goethite surface functional groups and to distinguish this mode of sorption from common structural definitions of inner- and outer-sphere complexes. The lack of evidence for inner-sphere EDTA-Fe(III) bonding suggests that previously proposed metal/ligand-promoted dissolution mechanisms should be modified, specifically to account for the presence of outer-sphere precursor species. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Inorgan Chem, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bargar, JR (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Persson, Per/D-7388-2012 OI Persson, Per/0000-0001-9172-3068 NR 56 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 19-20 BP 2957 EP 2969 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00264-1 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258EB UT WOS:000083824200010 ER PT J AU Fendorf, S Jardine, PM Patterson, RR Taylor, DL Brooks, SC AF Fendorf, S Jardine, PM Patterson, RR Taylor, DL Brooks, SC TI Pyrolusite surface transformations measured in real-time during the reactive transport of Co(II)EDTA(2-) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; CHROMIUM(III) OXIDATION; MANGANESE OXIDATION; FE OXIDES; BIRNESSITE; ADSORPTION; KINETICS; SPECTROSCOPY; STATE AB Oxidation of Co(II)EDTA(2-) to Co(III)EDTA(-) by manganese and iron hydrous oxide minerals enhances the transport of Co-60 in subsurface environments. Until now, reduction of the oxidant MnO2 has not been identified in hydrodynamic systems, leaving the fate and transport mechanisms involving Co-60 in natural environment!; unresolved. We investigated the transport of Co(II)EDTA(2-) through packed beds of beta-MnO2 and identified the reaction mechanism using a novel hydrodynamic how cell coupled with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Using this technique we are able to determine both solution and solid-phase species of cobalt and manganese in real-time. Co(II)EDTA(2-) is produced while Mn(IV) is reduced to Mn(III) which forms an alpha-Mn2O3 layer on pyrolusite. This layer passivates the surface after an initial reaction period and ultimately limits the production of Co(III)EDTA(-). As a consequence, the enhanced transport of Co-60 by oxidative processes may be diminished by continual exposure to pyrolusite-an advantage from an environmental quality perspective. It has also been clarified that Mn(III) is formed rather than Mn(II) resulting in formation of a stable trivalent manganese solid (alpha-Mn2O3). Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Idaho, Soil Sci Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fendorf, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fendorf@stanford.edu RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012 OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788 NR 53 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 19-20 BP 3049 EP 3057 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00232-X PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258EB UT WOS:000083824200018 ER PT J AU Ridley, MK Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA AF Ridley, MK Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA TI Calcium adsorption at the rutile-water interface: A potentiometric study in NaCl media to 250 degrees C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE MEDIA; DISSOCIATION QUOTIENTS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MALONATE COMPLEXATION; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; ALUMINUM SPECIATION; ACETATE COMPLEXES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ION ADSORPTION; TEMPERATURE AB Calcium adsorption by rutile was studied potentiometrically from 25 to 250 degrees C, at ionic strengths of 0.03 and 0.30 m in NaCl media, using two complementary experimental methodologies. In the first, net proton adsorption in the presence and absence of Ca2+ was monitored, and in the second, samples were periodically withdrawn during the course of a titration to determine Ca2+ adsorption directly. These experiments revealed that Ca2+ adsorption systematically increased with temperature relative to the pH of zero net proton charge in NaCl media alone (pH(znpc(NaCl)) - pH). That is, as temperature increased, Ca2+ adsorption commenced at progressively more positive pH(znpc(NaCl)) - pH values. Increasing ionic strength from 0.03 to 0.30 m NaCl suppressed Ca adsorption at all temperatures as a result of either increased competition from Na+ or greater complexation of Ca2+ by Cl-. Finally, there was no apparent trend in the proton stoichiometric ratios (moles H+ released / moles Ca2+ adsorbed) with increasing temperature. This suggests that the electrostatic and/or chemical processes involved in Ca2+ adsorption do not change greatly with increasing temperature. Favorable entropic effects, related to the increasing ease of releasing Ca2+ waters of hydration, are believed to be primarily responsible for the increase in adsorption with temperature. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ridley, MK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 41053, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 19-20 BP 3087 EP 3096 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00236-7 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258EB UT WOS:000083824200022 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Sturchio, NC AF Fenter, P Sturchio, NC TI Structure and growth of stearate monolayers on calcite: First results of an in situ X-ray reflectivity study SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION RATES; IN-SITU; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; ACID; DIFFRACTION; MINERALS; WATER AB The adsorption of organic molecules at mineral-fluid interfaces has a profound influence upon geochemical reaction and transport processes, yet little is known about the in situ structures or properties of organic layers at mineral-fluid interfaces. We describe an X-ray reflectivity study of stearate monolayers adsorbed at the calcite surface from methanolic solutions. Using these measurements we are able to determine important aspects of the in situ structure, bonding, adsorption, and growth mechanisms of stearate monolayers. The experimental approach demonstrated here can be applied widely in studying the interaction of organic molecules with mineral surfaces in aqueous systems. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fenter, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 19-20 BP 3145 EP 3152 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00241-0 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258EB UT WOS:000083824200027 ER PT J AU Cheng, LW Fenter, P Sturchio, NC Zhong, Z Bedzyk, MJ AF Cheng, LW Fenter, P Sturchio, NC Zhong, Z Bedzyk, MJ TI X-ray standing wave study of arsenite incorporation at the calcite surface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID WATER INTERFACE; GROWTH; ADSORPTION; ENVIRONMENT; DISSOLUTION; SPECIATION; GOETHITE AB The location and orientation of arsenite incorporated at the CaCO3 (10 (1) over bar 4) cleavage surface from a dilute aqueous solution was examined with the X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique. The high coherent fractions measured for As on the (10 (1) over bar 4) and (0006) Bragg reflections indicate that the arsenite was well ordered in registration with the calcite surface lattice. The As coherent positions show that arsenite was located at the carbonate site. The XSW analysis is consistent with a structural model in which the pyramidal-shaped arsenite ion as oriented with its oxygen base coincident with the carbonate plane, and its As apex pointing outward from the (10 (1) over bar 4) surface. The structure observed here for arsenite, and previously for selenite, suggests that other pyramidal trioxyanions could be incorporated at the calcite (10 (1) over bar 4) surface with the same geometry. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Cheng, Likwan/C-1436-2013; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 36 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 19-20 BP 3153 EP 3157 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00242-2 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258EB UT WOS:000083824200028 ER PT J AU Jordan, G Higgins, SR Eggleston, CM Swapp, SM Janney, DE Knauss, KG AF Jordan, G Higgins, SR Eggleston, CM Swapp, SM Janney, DE Knauss, KG TI Acidic dissolution of plagioclase: In-situ observations by hydrothermal atomic force microscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FELDSPAR DISSOLUTION; LABRADORITE FELDSPAR; KINETICS; SURFACES; 25-DEGREES-C; HYDROLYSIS; ANORTHITE; ALBITE; PH AB Hydrothermal atomic force microscopy (HAFM) provides in situ access to the surfaces of dissolving crystals at temperatures above the ambient boiling point of water. Here, we applied HAFM to the (001) surfaces of labradorite and anorthite at temperatures up to 125 degrees C. In HCl solutions (pH 2) we observed the formation of a rough and soft surface layer on both minerals. By applying high loading forces to the scanning tip: the soft layer can be removed and the underlying interface (between the fresh solid and the altered layer) can be observed. In this way, in situ information about the thickness of the altered layer on plagioclase and the morphology of the underlying interface can be obtained. On labradorite, the thickness of this layer does not exceed about 30 nm within the first 5 hr of exposure to acidic solution at 125 degrees C, but on anorthite thicknesses of up to about 300 nm were observed. The uncovered interface on anorthite shows a nonuniform morphology and either appears rough in AFM images or shows a step-like pattern. On anorthite, etch pits spread underneath the altered layer. This suggests that material must be released and transported through the layer without obvious changes in morphology of the layer's surface. Based on the rate of spreading of etch pits, the dissolution rate was calculated to be about 2 x 10(-6) mol m(-2) s(-1) at 125 degrees C. This value agrees reasonably well with literature data and supports the suggestion that dissolution mainly takes place underneath the altered layer and not on its surface. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jordan, G (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Mineral, Univ Str 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RI knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 19-20 BP 3183 EP 3191 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00225-2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258EB UT WOS:000083824200031 ER PT J AU Cheah, SF Brown, GE Parks, GA AF Cheah, SF Brown, GE Parks, GA TI Structure and composition of copper(II)-2,2 '-bipyridine sorption complexes on amorphous SiO2 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID TERNARY SURFACE COMPLEXES; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-LIGANDS; SILICA-GEL; METAL-IONS; COPPER(II); ADSORPTION; CU(II); 2,2'-BIPYRIDYL; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have used solution uptake studies, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to study the sorption of Cu(II) and 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) on amorphous SiO2 (am-SiO2). The specific goals of this study were to elucidate the composition of ternary surface complexes, to determine the mode of sorption at the molecular level, and to quantify the effect of the bipy ligand on the sorption behavior of Cu(II) at macroscopic scale. Uptake measurements as a function of pH and bipy to Cu(II) ratio show that bipy enhances Cu(II) sorption onto am-SiO2 at the lowest total Cu concentration studied, Cu-tot = 0.0001 M, but inhibits Cu(II) sorption at Cu-tot = 0.0016 M. Both enhancement and inhibition are more pronounced at higher bipy/Cu(II) ratios. The ratio of adsorbed bipy (bipy(ads)) to adsorbed Cu(II) (Cu(II)(ads)) is very close to the ratio of bipy to Cu(II) in the predominant aqueous solution complex (i.e., bipy(ads)/Cu(II)(ads) approximate to n when the predominant aqueous complex is Cu(II)-bipy(n) for n = 1 or 2). EPR and XAFS results, together with FTIR results reported in a separate study, suggest that Cu(II) and bipy are mutually bonded. For Cu(II)-bipy(1), XAFS and EPR results suggest that the dominant Cu(II) surface species is an inner s phere, mononuclear, monodentate type A ternary surface complex [i.e., is bonded to the surface through the Cu(II)]. XAFS results also show that the Cu(II)-surface bond length and inferred Cu(II)-O-surface bond strength, in the presence of bipy, are comparable to those in the absence of bipy. For Cu(II)-bipy(2), spectroscopic results suggest that the predominant surface species is Cu(II)-bipy(2) bonded to the surface in inner sphere mode. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Cheah, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, ESPM, Hilgard Hall 3110, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sfcheah@nature.berkeley.edu NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 19-20 BP 3229 EP 3246 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00247-1 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258EB UT WOS:000083824200035 ER PT J AU Brady, PV Dorn, RI Brazel, AJ Clark, J Moore, RB Glidewell, T AF Brady, PV Dorn, RI Brazel, AJ Clark, J Moore, RB Glidewell, T TI Direct measurement of the combined effects of lichen, rainfall, and temperature on silicate weathering SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LAND PLANTS; RATES; DISSOLUTION; WATER; ENHANCEMENT; POROSITY; KINETICS; CYCLE; PH AB A key uncertainty in models of the global carbonate-silicate cycle and long-term climate is the way that silicates weather under different climatologic conditions, and in the presence or absence of organic activity. Digital imaging of basalts in Hawaii resolves the coupling between temperature, rainfall, and weathering in the presence and absence of lichens. Activation energies for abiotic dissolution of plagioclase (23.1 +/- 2.5 kcal/mol) and olivine (21.3 +/- 2.7 kcal/mol) are similar to those measured in the laboratory, and are roughly double those measured from samples taken underneath Lichen. Abiotic weathering rates appear to be proportional to rainfall. Dissolution of plagioclase and olivine underneath lichen is far more sensitive to rainfall. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geochem Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geog, Tempe, AZ USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Brady, PV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geochem Dept, MS-0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 45 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 19-20 BP 3293 EP 3300 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00251-3 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258EB UT WOS:000083824200039 ER PT J AU Runde, W Reilly, SD Neu, MP AF Runde, W Reilly, SD Neu, MP TI Spectroscopic investigation of the formation of PuO2Cl+ and PuO2Cl2 in NaCl solutions and application for natural brine solutions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE SOLUTIONS; CONCENTRATED NACL; NEPTUNIUM(V); HYDROLYSIS; SOLUBILITY; PLUTONIUM; CHEMISTRY AB The chloride complexation of the PuO22+ ion has been studied in acidic NaCl solutions with electrolyte concentrations as high as 5 mol kg(-1) at 23 degrees C by using conventional absorption spectrophotometry. Plutonyl and its complexes have ionic strength-dependent molar absorptivities that were determined in NaClO4, the first essential step in the quantitative analysis of chloride complexation. The distributions of species for the Pu complexes, PuO22+, PuO2Cl+, and PuO(2)Cl(2)degrees, formed under the conditions investigated, were determined by peak-fitting of optical absorption spectra. The apparent stability constants of the Pu(VI) chloro complexes were calculated at each NaCl concentration Specific ion-interaction theory parameters were determined for the plutonyl chloro complexes and the;electrolyte constituents, then compared with the literature data. The calculated Values for log beta degrees were determined to be 0.23 +/- 0.03 and -1.7 +/- 0.2 for the mono and bis chloro complexes, respectively. Spectra of Pu(VI) in brines representative of waters at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, the licensed nuclear waste repository in a salt formation at Carlsbad, NM, USA, were measured and modeled by using the thermodynamic data and ion interaction parameters were determined. In these brines, less than 10% of the total Pu(VI) concentration exists as the Pu(VI) aquo ion, whereas about 90% is present as Pu(VI) chloro complexes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Runde, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 19-20 BP 3443 EP 3449 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00275-6 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 258EB UT WOS:000083824200052 ER PT J AU Stafford, TW Semken, HA Graham, RW Klippel, WF Markova, A Smirnov, NG Southon, J AF Stafford, TW Semken, HA Graham, RW Klippel, WF Markova, A Smirnov, NG Southon, J TI First accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 dates documenting contemporaneity of nonanalog species in late Pleistocene mammal communities SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; ASSEMBLAGES; PATTERNS AB Worldwide late Pleistocene terrestrial mammal faunas are characterized by stratigraphic associations of species that now have exclusive geographic ranges. These have been interpreted as either taphonomically mixed or representative of communities that no longer exist. Accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 dates (n = 60) on single bones of stratigraphically associated fossil micromammals from two American and two Russian sites document for the first time that currently allopatric mammals occurred together between 12,000 and 22,000 yr B.P on two continents. The existence of mammal communities without modern analogs demonstrates that Northern Hemisphere biological communities are ephemeral and that many modern biomes are younger than 12 ha. Future climate change may result in new nonanalog communities. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Geol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Denver Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Moscow 109017, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Plant & Anim Ecol, Ekaterinburg 620008, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94451 USA. RP Stafford, TW (reprint author), Stafford Res Labs Inc, 5401 Western Ave, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RI Markova, Anastasia/J-4490-2012; Markova, Anastasiya/L-8885-2015 NR 26 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 10 BP 903 EP 906 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0903:FAMSCD>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 241GB UT WOS:000082873300010 ER PT J AU Holman, HYN Perry, DL Martin, MC Lamble, GM McKinney, WR Hunter-Cevera, JC AF Holman, HYN Perry, DL Martin, MC Lamble, GM McKinney, WR Hunter-Cevera, JC TI Real-time characterization of biogeochemical reduction of Cr(VI) on basalt surfaces by SR-FTIR imaging SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cr(VI); endolithic microorganisms; FTIR; infrared spectroscopy; x-ray absorption spectroscopy ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SYNCHROTRON INFRARED MICROSPECTROMETRY; HEXAVALENT-CHROMIUM; EDGE STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; CHROMATE; BACTERIA; SPECTRA; REDOX AB Synchrotron radiation-based (SR) Fouwrier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectromicroscopy in the mid-infrared region is a surface analytical technique that can provide direct insights into the localization and real-time mechanisms for the reduction of the (CrO4)(2)-chromate [Cr(VI)] species on surfaces of geologic materials. Time-resolved SR-FTIR spectra indicate that, in the presence of endoliths (mineral-inhabiting microorganisms), microbial reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) compounds on basaltic mineral surfaces is the key mechanism of Cr(VI) transformation. It proceeds in at least a two-step reaction with Cr(V) compounds as possible intermediate products, with the reduction of Cr(VI) increasing during the concomitant biodegradation of a dilute organic vapor (toluene). Analyses of spatially resolved SR-FTIR spectra show that the maximum reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) compounds occurs on surfaces densely populated by microorganisms. The oxidation state of Cr(III) compounds was confirmed by micro-x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. Both the time- and space-resolved SR-FTIR spectra show that in the absence of endoliths, Cr(VI) reduction is insignificant. With this effort, the potential use of SR-FTIR spectromicroscopy in providing mechanistic information of reduction of Cr(VI) has been demonstrated. This method can now be expanded to examine other IR-amenable microbial/chemical contaminant systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Adv Light Source Div, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holman, HYN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014; Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139; Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 53 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 16 IS 4 BP 307 EP 324 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 271MA UT WOS:000084596700004 ER PT J AU Guhathakurta, M Sittler, E Fisher, R McComas, D Thompson, B AF Guhathakurta, M Sittler, E Fisher, R McComas, D Thompson, B TI Coronal magnetic field topology and source of fast solar wind SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY STRUCTURE; HOLE AB We have developed a steady state, 2D semiempirical MHD model of the solar corona and the solar wind with many surprising results. This model for the first time shows, that the boundary between the fast and the slow solar wind as observed by Ulysses beyond 1 AU, is established in the low corona. The fastest wind observed by Ulysses (680-780 km/s) originates from the polar coronal holes at 70 degrees-90 degrees latitude at the Sun. Rapidly diverging magnetic field geometry accounts for the fast wind reaching down to a latitude of +/-30 degrees at the orbit of Earth. The gradual increase in the fast wind observed by Ulysses, with latitude, can be explained by an increasing field strength towards the poles, which causes Alfven wave energy flux to increase towards the poles. Empirically there is a direct relationship between this gradual increase in wind speed and the expansion factor, f, computed at r > 20 R.. This relationship is inverse if f is computed very close to the Sun. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Catholic Univ Amer, NASA HQ, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Guhathakurta, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 682, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 19 BP 2901 EP 2904 DI 10.1029/1999GL010662 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 242UU UT WOS:000082960700002 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, CM Pruess, K AF Oldenburg, CM Pruess, K TI Plume separation by transient thermohaline convection in porous media SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Research on thermohaline convection in porous media has borrowed heavily from the field of viscous liquid thermohaline convection. Transient thermohaline convection in porous media differs dramatically from that in viscous liquids because of thermal retardation. The effects of thermal retardation are well known in geothermal reservoir engineering for forced convection processes such as liquid reinjection. Thermal retardation causes heat to move at approximately the Darcy velocity, while solute moves at the pore velocity. The difference in transport of heat and solute makes transient thermohaline convection in porous media double-advective rather than double-diffusive. For upward moving plumes, dense solute is advected in front of the thermal plume and creates a density lid. For downward moving plumes, the dense solute plume separates from the thermal plume. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 19 BP 2997 EP 3000 DI 10.1029/1999GL002360 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 242UU UT WOS:000082960700026 ER PT J AU Paller, MH Littrell, JW Peters, EL AF Paller, MH Littrell, JW Peters, EL TI Ecological half-lives of Cs-137 in fishes from the Savannah River Site SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE groundwater; food chain; Cs-137; environmental transport ID REACTOR COOLING RESERVOIR; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; RADIOCESIUM; BIOACCUMULATION; RADIONUCLIDES; CHERNOBYL; LAKE AB Ecological half-lives (T-c's) were estimated for Cs-137 in largemouth bass, sunfishes, and bullheads from two reservoirs and three streams on the Savannah River Site, a nuclear weapons material production facility in South Carolina. Ecological half-life is the time required for a given contaminant concentration to decrease by 50% as a result of physical, chemical, and/or biological processes that remove it from an ecosystem or render it biologically unavailable. T-c's were estimated from whole-fish Cs-137 concentrations in samples collected during 1972-1996, following radionuclide releases that occurred primarily during the 1960's and early 1970's. T-c's ranged from 3.2 to 16.7 y, and all were shorter than expected from the half-life for radioactive decay (T-p = 30.2 y) alone. Fish taxa from the same locations differed in mean Cs-137 concentrations (highest in largemouth bass and lowest in sunfishes) but, in most cases, exhibited similar Cs-137 T-c's. Rates of Cs-137 removal in fishes were strongly correlated with rates of Cs-137 removal in water. The shortest T-c's occurred in the upper portions of the streams. T-c's in lower portions of the streams were longer, as were T-c's in one of the reservoirs. T-c's in the second reservoir, which had a much shorter water residence time, were nearly comparable to those in the. upper portions of the streams until 1991. At that time, Cs-137 concentrations in fishes began to increase following drainage and refilling of the reservoir, which apparently resuspended Cs-137 buried in the sediments. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Environm Anal Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Environm Monitoring Sect, Environm Sampling & Reporting, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Chicago State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60628 USA. EM michael.paller@srs.gov NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 77 IS 4 BP 392 EP 402 DI 10.1097/00004032-199910000-00006 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 235DD UT WOS:000082524000005 PM 10492345 ER PT J AU Neumann, AU Lam, NP Davidian, M Dahari, H Wiley, TW Perelson, AS Layden, TJ AF Neumann, AU Lam, NP Davidian, M Dahari, H Wiley, TW Perelson, AS Layden, TJ TI Differences in hepatitis C virus (HCV) dynamics between HCV of genotype 1 and genotype 2. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Ramat Gan, Israel. N Carolilna State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 121 BP 191A EP 191A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794700122 ER PT J AU Erickson, SK Lear, SR Batta, AK Shefer, S Blanche, PJ Salen, G Krauss, RM AF Erickson, SK Lear, SR Batta, AK Shefer, S Blanche, PJ Salen, G Krauss, RM TI Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A) gene knockout results in hypercholesterolemia, gender-specific alteration in bile acid pool size and composition and in gender-specific hyperinsulinemia. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, E Orange, NJ USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 SU S MA 635 BP 319A EP 319A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 239XE UT WOS:000082794700632 ER PT J AU Vetter, J Schwan, K AF Vetter, J Schwan, K TI Techniques for high-performance computational steering SO IEEE CONCURRENCY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB Computational steering lets researchers investigate, calibrate, and control long-running, resource-intensive applications at runtime. Magellan, a prototype computational steering system, uses ACSL to intelligently control multithreaded, asynchronous steering servers that cooperatively steer applications. C1 LLNL, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Syst Res Grp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Vetter, J (reprint author), LLNL, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Box 808,L-661, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM j-vetter@llnl.gov; schwan@cc.gatech.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1092-3063 J9 IEEE CONCURR JI IEEE Concurr. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 7 IS 4 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1109/4434.806980 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 258NK UT WOS:000083845100015 ER PT J AU Hawkins, CF Soden, JM AF Hawkins, CF Soden, JM TI Deep submicron CMOS current IC testing: Is there a future? SO IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hawkins, CF (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7475 J9 IEEE DES TEST COMPUT JI IEEE Des. Test Comput. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 16 IS 4 BP 14 EP 15 DI 10.1109/MDT.1999.808198 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 259EG UT WOS:000083881100012 ER PT J AU Hawkins, CF Segura, J Soden, J Dellin, T AF Hawkins, CF Segura, J Soden, J Dellin, T TI Test and reliability: Partners in IC manufacturing, part 2 SO IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS LA English DT Article AB This article discusses the major gate oxide failure modes, reliability modeling, burn-in, and qualification testing. We present a typical method to calculate failure rates. C1 Univ Balearic Isl, Dept Phys, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Tech Staff, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Segura, J (reprint author), Univ Balearic Isl, Dept Phys, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. EM dfsjsf4@ps.uib.es NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7475 J9 IEEE DES TEST COMPUT JI IEEE Des. Test Comput. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 16 IS 4 BP 66 EP 73 DI 10.1109/54.808215 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 259EG UT WOS:000083881100019 ER PT J AU Grant, SA Glass, RS AF Grant, SA Glass, RS TI Sol-gel-based biosensor for use in stroke treatment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE antibodies; biosensor; fiber optic; sol-gel; stroke ID FIBER OPTIC PROBES; EVANESCENT-WAVE; ENCAPSULATION; GLASSES; ENZYMES AB A fiber optic biosensor for the detection of fibrinolytic tic products produced during lysis of "soft" blood clots is described. The biosensor was constructed to be selective toward D dimer antigens, which form from the dissolution of cross-linked fibrin clots. The presence of D dimer antigens above a threshold level is a clinical diagnostic used to determine the presence of such occlusions following a stroke. Fluorescein-labeled D dimer antibodies are immobilized on the tip of an optical fiber by dip coating from a silica sol-gel solution. When D dimer antigens combine with the antibodies, fluorescence intensity decreases. The response of the sensor was examined in phosphate buffered saline, human plasma, and blood. Calibration plots for the sensor mere obtained in the clinically significant D dimer concentration range from 0.53 mu g/ml to 6 mu g/ml. Changes in spectroscopic properties as the sol-gel encapsulated tagged antibodies aged mere examined; a decrease in fluorescence intensity with age was noted. The D dimer antibodies remain viable for at least 4 weeks while encapsulated in the sol-gel network when stored at 4 degrees C in PBS solution. This novel sensor is being developed for use with other catheter-based microtools to treat stroke resulting from occlusion in the vascular system. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grant, SA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1207 EP 1211 DI 10.1109/10.790497 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 239HL UT WOS:000082762700008 PM 10513125 ER PT J AU Chisholm, GH Wojcik, AS AF Chisholm, GH Wojcik, AS TI An application of formal analysis to software in a fault-tolerant environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE formal analysis methodology; modeling and analysis of software and hardware; automated reasoning; fault tolerance ID PETRI NETS; VERIFICATION; SYSTEMS; SPECIFICATION; DESIGN AB This paper describes work that represents the culmination of a comprehensive hardware/software modeling and analysis project concerning the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Fault-Tolerant Processor (FTP). The FTP performs a safety-related function at the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR previously known as the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II) operated by Argonne National Laboratory for the Department of Energy. Previously, we demonstrated the tolerance to hardware failures of data exchange instructions on the FTP. Here, we describe a methodology for assuring that the software executing on the FTP is also tolerant to hardware failures. This methodology is based on an abstraction of the program data and control flows in terms of the specification of an abstract application program that operates on the FTP. We then prove the fault tolerance of the abstract application program to hardware and sensor failures. Based on a more detailed specification and analysis of the code that is used in the application software, we demonstrate that this code satisfies the sufficient conditions developed for the abstract application program to claim system fault tolerance. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Chisholm, GH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1053 EP 1064 DI 10.1109/12.805155 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 253HZ UT WOS:000083552200004 ER PT J AU Barnett, AM Kazmerski, LL Wettling, W Yamaguchi, M AF Barnett, AM Kazmerski, LL Wettling, W Yamaguchi, M TI Special issue on photovoltaic solar cell science and engineering - Foreword SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Astropower Inc, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Toyota Technol Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 468, Japan. RP Barnett, AM (reprint author), Astropower Inc, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1925 EP 1927 DI 10.1109/TED.1999.791979 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 239FW UT WOS:000082759000001 ER PT J AU Emery, K AF Emery, K TI The rating of photovoltaic performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE current; efficiency; photovoltaic; rating; voltage ID SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY AB The electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) cells, modules, and systems are rated in terms of their maximum electrical power with respect to a total irradiance, temperature, and spectral irradiance. The impact of the reference conditions, measurement procedures, and equipment on the performance rating is discussed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Emery, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1928 EP 1931 DI 10.1109/16.791980 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 239FW UT WOS:000082759000002 ER PT J AU Smith, DD Gee, JM Bode, MD Jimeno, JC AF Smith, DD Gee, JM Bode, MD Jimeno, JC TI Circuit modeling of the emitter-wrap-through solar cell SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE back contact solar cells; silicon solar cells; solar cells ID SILICON AB Back-contact solar cells have the potential to reduce module assembly costs and give a higher conversion efficiency. Such a device must be simple to fabricate on an industrial scale and be tolerant of low minority-carrier diffusion lengths. The emitter-wrap-through (EWT) cell is a device design that can meet these goals. In this device, the diffused junction is present on both sides and is connected by laser-drilled holes through the silicon. EWT cells were frequently found to have poor fill factors (FF's) due to shunt-like behavior. The holes were found to possess no defects that adversely affect device performance. However, detailed equivalent circuit modeling of the EWT cell was able to explain the shunt-like behavior. Experiments were performed to confirm the physical mechanisms described by the equivalent circuit model. Device optimization guided by the equivalent circuit model has led to the demonstration of a large area EWT cell with a FF of 77.6% and efficiency of 18.2%. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Photovolta Syst Components Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Basque Country, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Photovolta Syst Components Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ddsmith@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1993 EP 1999 DI 10.1109/16.791987 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 239FW UT WOS:000082759000009 ER PT J AU Karam, NH King, RR Cavicchi, BT Krut, DD Ermer, JH Haddad, M Cai, L Joslin, DE Takahashi, M Eldredge, JW Nishikawa, WT Lillington, DR Keyes, BM Ahrenkiel, RK AF Karam, NH King, RR Cavicchi, BT Krut, DD Ermer, JH Haddad, M Cai, L Joslin, DE Takahashi, M Eldredge, JW Nishikawa, WT Lillington, DR Keyes, BM Ahrenkiel, RK TI Development and characterization of high-efficiency Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs/Ge dual- and triple-junction solar cells SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Ga0.5In0.5P; high-efficiency; multijunction; photovoltaics; solar cells ID TANDEM AB This paper describes recent progress in the characterization, analysis, and development of high-efficiency, radiation-resistant Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs/Ge dual-junction (DJ) and triple-junction (TJ) solar cells, DJ cells have rapidly transitioned from the laboratory to full-scale (325 kW/year) production at Spectro-lab. Performance data for over 470 000 large-area (26.93 cm(2)), thin (140 mu m) DJ solar cells groan on low-cost, high-strength Ge substrates are shown, Advances in next-generation triple-junction Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs/Ge cells with an active Ge component cell are discussed, giving efficiencies up to 26.7% (21.65-cm(2) area), AM0, at 28 degrees C, Final-to-initial power ratios P/P-0 of 0.83 were measured for these n-on-p DJ and TJ cells after ir radiation with 10(15) 1-MeV electrons/cm(2). Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements are applied to double heterostructures grown with semiconductor lavers and interfaces relevant to these multijunction solar cells, to characterize surface and bulk recombination and guide further device improvements, Dual- and triple-junction Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs/Ge cells are compared to competing space photovoltaic technologies, and found to offer 60-75% more end-of-life power than high-efficiency Si cells at a nominal array temperature of 60 degrees C. C1 Spectrolab Inc, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Karam, NH (reprint author), Spectrolab Inc, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. NR 13 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 33 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 10 BP 2116 EP 2125 DI 10.1109/16.792006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 239FW UT WOS:000082759000028 ER PT J AU Coutts, TJ Ward, JS AF Coutts, TJ Ward, JS TI Thermophotovoltaic and photovoltaic conversion at high-flux densities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; ENERGY AB We first discuss the similarities between generation of electricity using thermophotovoltaic (TPV) and high-optical-concentration solar photovoltaic (PV) devices, Following this, we consider power losses due to above- and below-bandgap photons, and we estimate the ideal bandgap by minimizing the sum of these, for a 6000 K black-body spectrum. The ideal bandgap, based on this approach, is less than that previously predicted, which could have a significant influence on the performance of devices and systems. To reduce the losses, me show that the low-energy photons may be removed from both types of cells and consider the specific case of a back surface reflector. This approach to the management of waste heat mag offer a useful additional tool with which to facilitate the design of high-photon-flux solar cells. in the case of the high-energy photons and the associated problem of thermalization of hot electrons, however, the heat must be removed by other means, and we consider the applicability of microchannel cooling systems. These appear to have the potential to handle thermal loads at least several times those generated by 1000 times concentrators, or by black-body TPV radiators at a temperature of far greater than 1500 K. We go on to consider the management of the very high currents generated in both concentrator TPV and PV systems and discuss the concept of the monolithically integrated minimodule. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Coutts, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 10 BP 2145 EP 2153 DI 10.1109/16.792010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 239FW UT WOS:000082759000032 ER PT J AU Eichel, P Ives, RW AF Eichel, P Ives, RW TI Compression of complex-valued SAR images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Letter DE coherent imaging; complex-valued images; compression; quantization; SAR AB Synthetic aperture radars (SAR) are coherent imaging systems that produce complex-valued images of the ground. Because modern systems can generate large amounts of data, there is substantial interest in applying image compression techniques to these products. In this work, we examine the properties of complex-valued SAR images relevant to the task of data compression. We advocate the use of transform-based compression methods but employ radically different quantization strategies than those commonly used for incoherent optical images. The theory, methodology, and examples are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Eichel, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1483 EP 1487 DI 10.1109/83.791978 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 240ND UT WOS:000082831300021 PM 18267424 ER PT J AU Braudaway, DW AF Braudaway, DW TI Precision resistors: A review of material characteristics, resistor design, and construction practices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE manganese alloys; material processing; nickel alloys; resistance; resistance characterization; resistance-temperature characteristic AB An understanding of the properties of resistance materials and of the effects on resistor characteristics of construction practice is necessary to assure optimum application. Reviewed are some of the characteristics of moderate-precision film resistors, the nature of the principal high performance resistance alloys and the design and construction of high-precision resistors. The effects of resistor termination and terminals are also reviewed with emphasis on the requirements necessary to produce four-terminal and series-parallel connections. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. RP Braudaway, DW (reprint author), 103 Ranch Rd,POB 9, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 48 IS 5 BP 878 EP 883 DI 10.1109/19.799639 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252CN UT WOS:000083483300002 ER PT J AU Braudaway, DW AF Braudaway, DW TI Precision resistors: A review of the techniques of measurement, advantages, disadvantages, and results SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE bridge circuits; calibration; current-comparators; potentiometer; resistance measurement; series-parallel resistors; standards; uncertainty AB The characteristics of the principal resistance measuring systems developed over the last two centuries are reviewed. Also reviewed is their application to measurement of resistance from mu Omega to M Omega. Included in the review are potentiometer systems and their adaptation to computer operation, the Wheatstone bridge, the enhanced Kelvin double-bridge and the current-comparator in both manual and computer operated forms. Methods of establishing ratio from the base 1 Omega reference value throughout the range are discussed. Uncertainties attainable at the highest le, els of precision are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. RP Braudaway, DW (reprint author), 103 Ranch Rd,POB 9, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 48 IS 5 BP 884 EP 888 DI 10.1109/19.799640 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252CN UT WOS:000083483300003 ER PT J AU Braudaway, DW AF Braudaway, DW TI Behavior of resistors and shunts: With today's high-precision measurement capability and a century of materials experience, what can go wrong? SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE calibration; manganese alloys; material processing; resistance; resistance characterization; resistance measurement; resistance-temperature characteristic AB The characteristics of laboratory resistors and high-precision resistors in the principal range, 1 Omega to 10 k Omega, are reviewed. Also reviewed is the history of the shunt and of shunt construction. A method is given for improving the uncertainty of shunts by a factor of five by measuring temperature and providing the resistance-temperature characteristic. Data for high-current shunts using this method are included showing the improvement even in cases where shunt behavior is less than expected. Data are also given for the uncertainty improvement achieved with a common meter type, high-current shunt, The results of efforts to identify the cause of the behavior that went wrong in high-precision shunts are also presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. RP Braudaway, DW (reprint author), 103 Ranch Rd,POB 9, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 48 IS 5 BP 889 EP 893 DI 10.1109/19.799641 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252CN UT WOS:000083483300004 ER PT J AU Manfredi, PF Ratti, L Re, V Speziali, V AF Manfredi, PF Ratti, L Re, V Speziali, V TI Noise degradation induced by gamma rays on P- and N-channel junction field-effect transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE front-end electronics; JFET; noise; radiation tolerance ID IONIZING-RADIATION; MONOLITHIC PREAMPLIFIER; CIRCUITS; DEVICES; ELECTRONICS; BEHAVIOR AB This paper compares the effects of gamma rays on the noise behavior of P- and N-channel JFET's intended as front- end elements in radiation detector preamplifiers. It will be shown that exposure to gamma rays affects the noise spectral density in a way which is substantially different for the two types of devices. As a result of the noise analysis it is suggested that in preamplifiers exposed to gamma rays the P-channel JFET should be preferred at processing times in 1-to-10 mu s range, while the N-channel device remains superior in applications involving processing times below 0.1 mu s. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Ingn, I-24044 Dalmine, Italy. RP Manfredi, PF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1294 EP 1299 DI 10.1109/23.795806 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 244QV UT WOS:000083063000005 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Bose, D AF Chang, CH Bose, D TI Viscous effects on motion and heating of electrons in inductively coupled plasma reactors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction; hydrodynamics; modeling; plasma heating; plasma materials processing applications; stochastic processes ID MULTICOMPONENT PLASMAS; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; SIMULATION; DISCHARGES; KINETICS AB A transport model is developed for nonlocal effects on motion and heating of electrons in inductively coupled plasma reactors. The model is based on the electron momentum equation derived from the Boltzmann equation, retaining anisotropic stress components which in fact are viscous stresses. The resulting model consists of transport equations for the magnitude of electron velocity oscillation and terms representing energy dissipation due to viscous stresses in the electron energy equation. In this model, electrical current is obtained in a nonlocal manner due to viscous effects, instead of Ohm's law or the electron momentum equation without viscous effects, while nonlocal heating of electrons is represented by the viscous dissipation. Computational results obtained by two-dimensional numerical simulations show that nonlocal determination of electrical current indeed is important, and viscous dissipation becomes an important electron heating mechanism at low pressures, It is suspected that viscous dissipation in inductively coupled plasma reactors in fact represents stochastic heating of electrons, and this possibility is exploited by discussing physical similarities between stochastic heating and energy dissipation due to the stress tensor. C1 Thermosci Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1310 EP 1316 DI 10.1109/27.799807 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 251PA UT WOS:000083453000011 ER PT J AU Landahl, EC Hartemann, FV Le Sage, GP White, WE Baldis, HA Bennett, CV Heritage, JP Kolner, BH Luhmann, NC Ho, CH AF Landahl, EC Hartemann, FV Le Sage, GP White, WE Baldis, HA Bennett, CV Heritage, JP Kolner, BH Luhmann, NC Ho, CH TI Phase noise reduction and photoelectron acceleration in a high-Q RF gun (vol 26, pg 814, 1998) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 3007, Taiwan. RP Landahl, EC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009; Landahl, Eric/A-1742-2010 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739; NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1547 EP 1547 DI 10.1109/TPS.1999.799839 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 251PA UT WOS:000083453000043 ER PT J AU Stevens, FJ Argon, Y AF Stevens, FJ Argon, Y TI Pathogenic light chains and the B-cell repertoire SO IMMUNOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM PROTEINS; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SECRETION; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; AFFINITY MATURATION; DEPOSITION DISEASE; VARIABLE REGION; PLASMA-CELLS; HEAVY-CHAINS; LYMPHOCYTES AB Dysfunctional immunoglobulins (Igs) that are prone to aggregation are unavoidably generated by the diverse repertoire of B cells. Here, Fred Stevens and Yair Argon analyse the patterns of mutations that lead to pathological Igs, account for non-random mutations in human Ig sequences and suggest the exertion of selective forces, which contribute to determining and limiting the Ig repertoire. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Comm Immunol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Stevens, FJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30178]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43757] NR 46 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-5699 J9 IMMUNOL TODAY JI Immunol. Today PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 10 BP 451 EP 457 DI 10.1016/S0167-5699(99)01502-9 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 241JV UT WOS:000082880200006 PM 10500292 ER PT J AU Chinn, D King, CJ AF Chinn, D King, CJ TI Adsorption of glycols, sugars, and related multiple -OH compounds onto activated carbons. 1. Adsorption mechanisms SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; THERMAL-DESORPTION; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; COMPLEXATION; REGENERATION; RECOVERY; WATER; ACID AB Several different experimental methods were used to understand better the mechanisms of adsorption of glycerol, glycols, and sugars from dilute aqueous solution onto activated carbons. From batch equilibrium experiments, the affinity and capacity (25 degrees C) of carbons for single and multiple -OH compounds were greatest for solutes having larger positive deviations from solution ideality. Carbons with progressively oxidized surfaces exhibited reduced uptakes for all multiple -OH solutes. Larger isosteric heats of adsorption on carbons were measured for compounds with fewer -OH groups or higher molecular weight. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the volatility of the adsorbed multiple -OH solute was reduced by higher molecular weight and solute hydrophobicity. Collectively, these findings show that the adsorption mechanism is characterized by: (a) attractive dispersion interactions between surface and solute, (b) solution-phase nonidealities, and (c) secondary, competitive interactions of the solute -OH groups(s) or surface oxygen groups with water. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP King, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Oakland, 1111 Franklin St,12th Floor, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 38 IS 10 BP 3738 EP 3745 DI 10.1021/ie990286k PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 242ZQ UT WOS:000082973100016 ER PT J AU Chinn, D King, CJ AF Chinn, D King, CJ TI Adsorption of glycols, sugars, and related multiple -OH compounds onto activated carbons. 2. Solvent regeneration SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHENOL AB Solvent regeneration with acetone or methanol was explored as a means to recover adsorbed multiple -OH compounds from activated carbons. Batch-desorption experiments with thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that regeneration can be carried out in situ, but that high-energy sites are more difficult to regenerate. When solvent regeneration is done in a fixed-bed arrangement, a focusing effect occurs where the solute concentration in the effluent rises to three to six times its initial value during the loading stage. Focusing can be maximized using adsorbents with low oxygen content (less than or equal to 3 wt. %), lower volumetric flow rate (3-15 bed volumes/h), and uniform particle size or particle-size distribution. With methanol as the regenerant, fixed-bed adsorption and regeneration could be operated over several cycles with minimal loss of bed capacity. However, capacity losses occur during acetone regeneration cycles, because acetone is more strongly held on the bed than is methanol. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP King, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif, Off President, 11110 Franklin St,12th Floor, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 38 IS 10 BP 3746 EP 3753 DI 10.1021/ie990289x PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 242ZQ UT WOS:000082973100017 ER PT J AU Hong, S Fu, CL Yoo, MH AF Hong, S Fu, CL Yoo, MH TI Elastic properties and stacking fault energies of Cr2Ta SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE laves phase; elastic properties AB The elastic moduli, stacking fault and twin boundary energies of C15 Cr2Ta are calculated by first-principles local-density-functional approach. Similarly to the case of Cr2Nb, Cr2Ta is characterized by a low twin boundary energy (33 mJ/m(2)). On the other hand, the intrinsic and extrinsic stacking fault energies are found to be 88 and 83 mJ/m(2), respectively. Using the results of elastic constants and stacking fault energies, we predict the equilibrium separation between Shockley partials. The results of Cr2Ta are compared with those of Cr2Nb. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hong, S (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT PY 1999 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1169 EP 1172 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(99)00039-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 232LW UT WOS:000082373100012 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ AF Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ TI Angular momentum conservation in the O+OH <-> O-2+H reaction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; TRANSITION-STATES; LOOSENESS; HO2 AB We have studied the O + OH <-> O-2 + H reaction on Varandas's DMBE IV potential using a variety of statistical methods, all involving the RRKM assumption for the HO2* complex. Comparing our results using microcanonical variational transition-state theory (mu VT) with those using microcanonical/fixed-J variational transition-state theory (mu VT-J), we find that the effect of angular momentum conservation on the rate coefficient is imperceptible up to a temperature of about 700 K. Above 700 K angular momentum conservation increasingly reduces the rate coefficient, but only by approximately 21% even at 5000 K. Comparing our mu VT-J calculations with the quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) results of Miller and Garrett [1], we confirm their conclusion that non-RRKM dynamics of the HO2* complex reduces the rate coefficient by about a factor of 2 independent of temperature. Our calculations of k((c)), the rate coefficient for HO2* formation from O + OH, are in excellent agreement with the QCT results of Miller and Garrett. Although the differences are not large, we find k(CVT)((c)) > k(mu VT)((c)) > k(mu VT-J)((c)) > k(QCT)((c)), where CVT stands for canonical variational transition-state theory. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 31 IS 10 BP 753 EP 756 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1999)31:10<753::AID-JCK9>3.0.CO;2-M PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 237AC UT WOS:000082630600009 ER PT J AU Forrestal, MJ Hanchak, SJ AF Forrestal, MJ Hanchak, SJ TI Perforation experiments on HY-100 steel plates with 4340 R-c 38 and maraging T-250 steel rod projectiles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Transient Loading and Response of Structures CY MAY 25-27, 1998 CL TRONDHEIM, NORWAY ID OBJECTS PLUGGING CAPACITY; STRUCK; MASS AB We conducted perforation experiments with 4340 R-c 38 and maraging T-250 steel, long rod projectiles and HY-100 steel target plates at striking Velocities between 80 and 370 m/s. Flat-end rod projectiles with lengths of 89 and 282 mm were machined to nominally 30-mm-diameter so they could be launched from a 30-mm-powder gun without sabots. The target plates were rigidly clamped at a 305-mm-diameter and had nominal thicknesses of 5.3 and 10.5 mm. Four sets of experiments were conducted to show the effects of rod length and plate thickness on the measured ballistic limit and residual velocities. In addition to measuring striking and residual projectile velocities, we obtained framing camera data on the back surfaces of several plates that showed clearly the plate deformation and plug ejection process. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 15414, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Forrestal, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 15414, POB 5800,MS-0303, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mjforre@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD OCT-NOV PY 1999 VL 22 IS 9-10 BP 923 EP 933 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(99)00015-9 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 255LD UT WOS:000083669500007 ER PT J AU Majumdar, S AF Majumdar, S TI Failure and leakage through circumferential cracks in steam generator tubing during accident conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING LA English DT Article DE circumferential cracks; steam generator tubes; plastic deformation ID SYSTEM AB This paper derives analytical expressions for the burst pressure and crack opening area for PWR steam generator tubes with a single throughwall circumferential crack when extensive plastic deformation occurs at the crack section. The rest of the tube is assumed to respond either elastically or as an elastic-plastic material obeying power-law hardening. The tubes are assumed to be subjected to internal pressure loading only. Limited elastic-plastic finite-element analyses were conducted to validate the results. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Majumdar, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-0161 J9 INT J PRES VES PIP JI Int. J. Pressure Vessels Pip. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 76 IS 12 BP 839 EP 847 DI 10.1016/S0308-0161(99)00058-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 256YY UT WOS:000083755100004 ER PT J AU Callahan, DE Forte, TM Afzal, SMJ Deen, DF Kahl, SB Bjornstad, KA Bauer, WF Blakely, EA AF Callahan, DE Forte, TM Afzal, SMJ Deen, DF Kahl, SB Bjornstad, KA Bauer, WF Blakely, EA TI Boronated protoporphyrin (BOPP): Localization in lysosomes of the human glioma cell line SF-767 with uptake modulated by lipoprotein levels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA DE BOPP; porphyrins; boron neutron capture therapy; brain tumors; LDL receptor ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; BRAIN-TUMOR; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; PORPHYRIN; PHOTOSENSITIZERS; TRANSPORT; INVIVO; BNCT AB Purpose: Boronated protoporphyrin (BOPP) is a candidate for use in both boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Our objectives are to identify factors that influence the uptake and retention of BOPP in vitro and to determine BOPP distribution in a human glioma cell line in vitro. This information will aid the development of compounds and treatment strategies that increase the effectiveness of BNCT therapy for GEM. Methods and Materials: The amount, distribution pattern, and site of internalization of BOPP were assessed using fluorescence microscopy. Living human glioma (SF-767) cells were imaged after a 24-h exposure to BOPP (20-135.6 mu g/ml, normal serum). Dose-dependent uptake of BOPP was determined using both fluorescence microscopy of individual living cells and inductively-coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis of cell pellets. Lysosome- or mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes were used to identify the cellular compartment containing BOPP. Two human fibroblast cell lines, AG-1522 (LDL receptor-positive) and GM019-15C (LDL receptor-deficient), were used to investigate LDL receptor-dependent BOPP uptake. The dependence of BOPP uptake on lipoproteins in the media was determined by exposing each of the three cell types to BOPP in medium containing either normal (NS) or lipoprotein deficient serum (LPDS). Results: BOPP accumulated in the lysosomes of human glioma cells in vitro, and not in the mitochondria, as reported for C6 rat glioma cells in vitro. BOPP uptake was concentration-dependent and was also dependent on the amount of lipoproteins in the medium. Over the range of incubation concentrations studied and at the single exposure duration time point investigated (24 h), all cells retained a similar amount of BOPP. At the lowest incubation concentration (20 mu g/ml, NS), the amount of boron retained was near 10(9) atoms per cell (15 mu g B/g cells). Lysosomes containing high concentrations of BOPP were randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm; however, larger lysosomes containing BOPP were concentrated around the cell nucleus. Little or no BOPP accumulated in the cell nucleus. At incubation concentrations of 20 and 40 mu g/ml (24-h time point), BOPP uptake in SF-767 cells was reduced in LPDS compared with NS (66% reduction). A similar result was observed for normal human fibroblasts (AG-1522 cells, 40 mu g/ml, 24 h). At 40 mu g/ml, in both NS and LPDS at 24 h, BOPP accumulation in LDL receptor-deficient human fibroblasts (GM019-15C cells) was reduced relative to AG-1522 cells. BOPP accumulation in GM019-15C cells (40 mu g/ml, 24 h) was not affected by serum lipoprotein levels. Conclusion: In cell culture, BOPP is taken up by human glioma cells via the LDL pathway and is compartmentalized into cellular lysosomes. Knowledge of this mechanism of BOPP uptake and retention will be important in attempts to modify toxicity and efficacy of this drug. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Brain Tumor Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EG&G Idaho Inc, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Ctr BNCT Measurement & Dev, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Blakely, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-1118, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bauer, William/B-8357-2016 OI Bauer, William/0000-0002-7190-9700 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-13525, CA-37961]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL18574] NR 51 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 45 IS 3 BP 761 EP 771 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00172-8 PG 11 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 243EA UT WOS:000082983000034 PM 10524433 ER PT J AU Toet, D Thompson, MO Smith, PM Carey, PG Sigmon, TW AF Toet, D Thompson, MO Smith, PM Carey, PG Sigmon, TW TI Thin film transistors fabricated in printed silicon SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE thin film transistors; laser-induced material transfer; hydrogenated amorphous silicon; hydrogen effusion; time resolved transmission; atomic force microscopy AB We report the fabrication of thin film transistors (TFTs) from printed silicon. The printing is performed by irradiating a hydrogenated amorphous silicon-coated quartz wafer facing a glass substrate with a high-energy laser pulse. The ensuing explosive effusion of hydrogen from the layer results in transfer of the silicon onto the glass substrate. Adhesion and smoothing of the transferred film is ensured by high-energy laser annealing. Top-gate TFTs were fabricated in this material using standard photolithographic processing and ion implantation. These transistors, which have reasonable electrical characteristics, are the first step towards the fabrication of directly printed electronic devices. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Toet, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-271,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 5 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 2 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 - Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 10A BP L1149 EP L1152 DI 10.1143/JJAP.38.L1149 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 248LZ UT WOS:000083277500023 ER PT J AU Allen, TR Cole, JI Kenik, EA Tsai, H Ukai, S Mizuta, S Yoshitake, T AF Allen, TR Cole, JI Kenik, EA Tsai, H Ukai, S Mizuta, S Yoshitake, T TI Using fast reactor component evaluation for pressurized water reactor life extension SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED SEGREGATION; ALLOYS C1 Argonne Natl Lab W, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Fukui, Japan. RP Allen, TR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab W, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 51 IS 10 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s11837-999-0183-7 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 244WU UT WOS:000083074400006 ER PT J AU Krumke, SO Marathe, MV Noltemeier, H Ravi, R Ravi, SS Sundarum, R Wirth, HC AF Krumke, SO Marathe, MV Noltemeier, H Ravi, R Ravi, SS Sundarum, R Wirth, HC TI Improving minimum cost spanning trees by upgrading nodes SO JOURNAL OF ALGORITHMS LA English DT Article DE approximation algorithms; bicriteria problems; spanning trees; network design; combinatorial algorithms AB We study budget constrained network upgrading problems. We are given an undirected edge-weighted graph G = (V, E), where node upsilon E V can be upgraded at a cost of c(upsilon). This upgrade reduces the weight of each edge incident on upsilon. The goal is to find a minimum cost set of nodes to be upgraded so that the resulting network has a minimum spanning tree of weight no more than a given budget D. The results obtained in the paper include 1. On the positive side, we provide a polynomial time approximation algorithm for the above upgrading problem when the difference between the maximum and minimum edge weights is bounded by a polynomial in n, the number of nodes in the graph. The solution produced by the algorithm satisfies the budget constraint, and the cost of the upgrading set produced by the algorithm is O(log n) times the minimum upgrading cost needed to obtain a spanning tree of weight at most D. 2. In contrast, we show that, unless N-O subset of or equal to DTIME(n(O)((log log n))), there can be no polynomial time approximation algorithm for the problem that produces a solution with upgrading cost at most alpha < In n times the optimal upgrading cost even if the budget can be violated by a factor f(n), for any polynomial time computable function f(rt). This result continues to hold, with f(n) = n(k) being any polynomial, even when the difference between the maximum and minimum edge weights is bounded by a polynomial in n. 3. Finally, we show that using a sample binary search over the set of admissible values, the dual problem can be solved with an appropriate performance guarantee, (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Dept Comp Sci, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wurzburg, Dept Comp Sci, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Grad Sch Ind Adm, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Delta Global Trading LP, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Krumke, SO (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Dept Comp Sci, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0196-6774 J9 J ALGORITHM JI J. Algorithms PD OCT PY 1999 VL 33 IS 1 BP 92 EP 111 DI 10.1006/jagm.1999.1021 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Logic SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 240GG UT WOS:000082817100005 ER PT J AU McCorkle, DL Ding, WX Ma, CY Pinnaduwage, LA AF McCorkle, DL Ding, WX Ma, CY Pinnaduwage, LA TI Dissociation of benzene in a pulsed glow discharge SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; HIGHLY EXCITED MOLECULES; LONG-TIME STABILITY; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; NEGATIVE-IONS; PLASMA; STATES; DECOMPOSITION; SILANE; ARGON AB Destruction of benzene in a benzene/Ar mixture subjected to a pulsed glow discharge was studied. The destruction efficiency was much improved compared to a dc glow discharge, and the destruction efficiency increased with decreasing pulse width at a constant pulse frequency. Diagnostics experiments were conducted to elucidate the destruction mechanisms involved. The results show that excitation transfer from the metastable states of Ar to benzene in the afterglow of the discharge was primarily responsible for the destruction of benzene. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)02419-6]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM llp@ornl.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3550 EP 3557 DI 10.1063/1.371257 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 237JL UT WOS:000082652400011 ER PT J AU Hugosson, HW Eriksson, O Nordstrom, L Jansson, U Fast, L Delin, A Wills, JM Johansson, B AF Hugosson, HW Eriksson, O Nordstrom, L Jansson, U Fast, L Delin, A Wills, JM Johansson, B TI Theory of phase stabilities and bonding mechanisms in stoichiometric and substoichiometric molybdenum carbide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VACANCY INDUCED CHANGES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TITANIUM CARBIDE; DENSITIES; NITRIDES; ALLOYS AB First principles, total energy methods have been applied to predict the relative stabilities of the four experimentally verified MoC phases: the cubic delta(NaCl) phase and the three hexagonal gamma(WC), eta and gamma'(TiAs) phases. The effect of vacancies on the relative stability of these four phases was investigated using a model structure with ordered vacancies within the carbon sublattice. For stoichiometric MoC, the gamma phase was found to be the most stable followed by gamma', delta, and eta, but for substoichiometric MoC0.75, the order of relative stability was changed and the substoichiometric delta phase was found to have the lowest energy followed by gamma' and gamma. A study of the electronic structure revealed vacancy induced peaks in the density of state and the electron density attached to these peaks was analyzed and found to emanate from unscreened Mo-Mo bonds through the carbon vacancy site. Finally, the oxygen stabilization of the gamma' MoC phase was studied. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(99)02519-0]. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Angstrom Lab, Inorgan Chem Grp, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hugosson, HW (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Hugosson, Hakan /D-3358-2014; Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014; Delin, Anna/P-2100-2014 OI Hugosson, Hakan /0000-0001-8748-3890; Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374; Delin, Anna/0000-0001-7788-6127 NR 32 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3758 EP 3767 DI 10.1063/1.371284 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 237JL UT WOS:000082652400044 ER PT J AU Brunett, BA Van Scyoc, JM James, RB Schlesinger, TE AF Brunett, BA Van Scyoc, JM James, RB Schlesinger, TE TI CdZnTe pixel array detectors and implications for producing large volume gamma-ray spectrometers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR AB In this article we show that the behavior of new devices fabricated from horizontal Bridgman CdZnTe reported recently can be explained by the same conventional electrostatics arguments used to analyze detectors made from high pressure Bridgman material, and no qualitative differences in the material or contacts are necessary to explain the behavior of these new devices. Our work is an extension of the results obtained with a similar device geometry fabricated on high pressure Bridgman material. In addition we discuss the possibility of extending the design concepts learned here to fabricate large volume spectrometers based on a pixel array design. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)05419-5]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Brunett, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3926 EP 3933 DI 10.1063/1.371309 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 237JL UT WOS:000082652400069 ER PT J AU Chughtai, AR Miller, NJ Smith, DM Pitts, JR AF Chughtai, AR Miller, NJ Smith, DM Pitts, JR TI Carbonaceous particle hydration III SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE soots; hydration; water adsorption; surface ID DIESEL SOOT PARTICLES; WATER-ADSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; DUBININ-ASTAKHOV; OXIDIZED SOOTS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ACTIVE CARBONS; OXIDATION; KINETICS AB Previous soot hydration studies have been extended to compare the water uptake properties of soots from selected fuels (JP-8 Jet fuel, kerosene, diesel, and metal containing and S-containing synthetics) prepared under varying conditions with corresponding n-hexane model soots. Adsorption and desorption isotherms have yielded such adsorption parameters as the surface coverages at the limit of chemisorption and at 83% relative humidity (RH). These values increase with soot surface oxidation over the range 35-85% RH, while hydration levels at lower RH down to 22% are a function of fuel composition and combustion conditions, thus determining the extent of water uptake at higher RH. Both S- and metal-containing soots exhibit higher levels of hydration than those of the base fuel soots, a result with its origin in availability of sulfate and metal centers at the surface. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Labs, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 34 IS 2 BP 259 EP 279 DI 10.1023/A:1006221326060 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 234JB UT WOS:000082480000004 ER PT J AU Okinaka, RT Cloud, K Hampton, O Hoffmaster, AR Hill, KK Keim, P Koehler, TM Lamke, G Kumano, S Mahillon, J Manter, D Martinez, Y Ricke, D Svensson, R Jackson, PJ AF Okinaka, RT Cloud, K Hampton, O Hoffmaster, AR Hill, KK Keim, P Koehler, TM Lamke, G Kumano, S Mahillon, J Manter, D Martinez, Y Ricke, D Svensson, R Jackson, PJ TI Sequence and organization of pXO1, the large Bacillus anthracis plasmid harboring the anthrax toxin genes SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYALURONIC-ACID SYNTHESIS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INSERTION SEQUENCES; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; THURINGIENSIS; IDENTIFICATION; REPLICATION AB The Bacillus anthracis Sterne plasmid pXO1 was sequenced by random, "shotgun" cloning. A circular sequence of 181,654 bp was generated. One hundred forty-three open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted using GeneMark and GeneMark.hmm, comprising only 61% (110,817 bp) of the pXO1 DNA sequence. The overall guanine-plus-cytosine content of the plasmid is 32.5%. The most recognizable feature of the plasmid is a "pathogenicity island," defined by a 44.8-kb region that is bordered by inverted IS1627 elements at each end. This region contains the three toxin genes (cya, lef, and pagA), regulatory elements controlling the toxin genes, three germination response genes, and 19 additional ORFs. Nearly 70% of the ORFs on pXO1 do not have significant similarity to sequences available in open databases. Absent from the pXO1 sequence are homologs to genes that are typically required to drive theta replication and to maintain stability of large plasmids in Bacillus spp. Among the ORFs with a high degree of similarity to known sequences are a collection of putative transposases, resolvases, and integrases, suggesting an evolution involving lateral movement of DNA among species. Among the remaining ORFs, there are three sequences that may encode enzymes responsible for the synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule usually associated with serotype-specific virulent streptococci. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lab Genet Microbienne UCL, Louvain, Belgium. RP Okinaka, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI33537, R01 AI033537] NR 66 TC 229 Z9 269 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 181 IS 20 BP 6509 EP 6515 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 243PM UT WOS:000083006500036 PM 10515943 ER PT J AU Wang, J Houk, RS Dreessen, D Wiederin, DR AF Wang, J Houk, RS Dreessen, D Wiederin, DR TI Speciation of trace elements in proteins in human and bovine serum by size exclusion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with a magnetic sector mass spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE metalloproteins; inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; size exclusion; chromatography; speciation; trace elements ID ALUMINUM; ZINC AB Proteins are separated by size exclusion chromatography while atomic ions from the inorganic elements are detected on-line by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. A double focusing mass analyzer provides very high sensitivity, low background, and sufficient spectral resolution to separate the atomic ions of interest from most polyatomic ions at the same nominal mit value. The chromatograms show the distribution of the elements of interest between protein-bound and free fractions and provide the approximate molecular weights of those protein fractions that contain the elements monitored. The distribution of various elements, including V, Mo, Fe, Co, Mn, and lanthanides, in human or bovine serum samples are shown. Alkali metals and Tl are present primarily as free metal ions and are not bound to proteins. Inorganic elements spiked into the serum samples can be followed into various proteins. EDTA does not remove Fe, Pb, Sn, or Th from the proteins but does extract Mn from some proteins. Procedures for determining the effects of breaking disulfide linkages on the metal binding characteristics of proteins are also described. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CETAC Technol Inc, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 4 IS 5 BP 546 EP 553 DI 10.1007/s007750050377 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 248PH UT WOS:000083283600004 PM 10550683 ER PT J AU De Chant, LJ AF De Chant, LJ TI A perturbation model for the oscillatory flow of a Bingham plastic in rigid and periodically displaced tubes SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB An approximate analytical model for the pulsatile pow of an ideal Bingham plastic fluid in both a rigid and a periodically displaced tube has been developed using regular perturbation methods. Relationships are derived for the velocity field and dimensionless flow rate. The solution compares adequately with available experimentally measured oscillator?: non-Newtonian fluid flow data. These solutions provide useful analytical models supporting experimental and computation studies of arterial blood flow. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ldechant@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 EI 1528-8951 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 1999 VL 121 IS 5 BP 502 EP 504 DI 10.1115/1.2835079 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 243QV UT WOS:000083009500009 PM 10529917 ER PT J AU Rudisser, S Pelton, JG Tinoco, I AF Rudisser, S Pelton, JG Tinoco, I TI Assignment of cytosine N3 resonances in nucleic acids via intrabase three-bond coupling to amino protons SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article DE cytosine; group I intron; H-1-N-15 HSQC; N-15 NMR; RNA ID H-1-N-15 HSQC EXPERIMENTS; HYDROGEN-BONDS; RNA; NMR; BASE; SENSITIVITY; PROTEINS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCHANGE AB Coherences were observed between (15)N3 of cytosine and its trans amino proton (H42) using a modified gradient-based heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) pulse sequence optimized for three-bond proton-nitrogen couplings. The method is demonstrated with a 22-nucleotide RNA fragment of the P5abc region of a group I intron uniformly labeled with N-15. Use of intraresidue (15)N3-amino proton couplings to assign cytosine (15)N3 signals complements the recently proposed J(NN) HNN COSY [Dingley, A.J. and Grzesiek, S. (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 8293-8297] method of identifying hydrogen-bonded base pairs in RNA. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pelton, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 10840] NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1023/A:1008359723515 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 253HB UT WOS:000083549900010 PM 10605090 ER PT J AU Tung, CS AF Tung, CS TI Structural study of homeodomain protein-DNA complexes using a homology modeling approach SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID RESTRAINED MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; FORCE-FIELD; PREDICTION; BINDING; NMR AB The homeodomain is a conserved protein motif that binds to DNA and plays a centrol role in gene regulation. We use homeodomain as a model system to study the specific interactions between protein and DNA in a complex. Following the fundamental concept of homology modeling, we have developed an algorithm for predicting structures of both protein and DNA using the known structure of a similar complex as the template. The accuracies of the algorithm in predicting the complex structures are evaluated when two of the homeodomain protein-DNA complexes with known structures (antennapedia and MAT alpha R) are selected as test systems. This algorithm allows structural studies of homeodomain binds to DNA with different sequences. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tung, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADENINE PRESS INC PI GUILDERLAND PA PO BOX 355/340, GUILDERLAND, NY 12084 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 347 EP 354 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 250DU UT WOS:000083374400015 PM 10563583 ER PT J AU Martino, A Sault, AG Kawola, JS Boespflug, E Phillips, MLF AF Martino, A Sault, AG Kawola, JS Boespflug, E Phillips, MLF TI A sintering study of novel sol-gel-based nanocluster catalysts SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE platinum; silica; alumina; clusters; sol-gel; sintering; inverse micelles ID RU CATALYSTS; SILICA; STABILIZATION; COMPLEXES; AEROGEL; PD AB We introduce two novel synthesis strategies to make nanoclusters on silica and alumina supports using inverse micelle technology and sol-gel processing. In the first method, sol-gel chemistry (hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxides) is performed in alcohol-free inverse micelle, metal cluster solutions. In the second method, metal clusters formed in traditional inverse micelle solutions are allowed to diffuse into preexisting wet monoliths formed using traditional sol-gel techniques. The different materials produced are characterized and compared with respect to particle size and the substrate properties using N-2 porosimetry methods, chemisorption, atomic absorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of calcination on particle and support stability is determined and discussed in terms of the metal coverage and the relationship between particle size and pore dimensions. We conclude that the relative sizes of particles and pores has no clear effect on sintering behavior. Sintering appears to be predominately dependent on metal loading normalized against the support surface area suggesting Ostwald ripening as the sintering mechanism. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Catalysis & Chem Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, New Mat Theory & Validat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Gemfire Corp, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. RP Martino, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Catalysis & Chem Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 187 IS 1 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1006/jcat.1999.2614 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 243VP UT WOS:000083018400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, CG Leng, YJ Ma, ZF Yan, DY AF Zhang, CG Leng, YJ Ma, ZF Yan, DY TI Crystal structure of [Co(bipy)(maleato) (H2O)(3)]center dot H2O (bipy=2,2 '-bipyridine) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE cobalt(II); bipyridine; maleato; crystal structure ID COMPLEXES AB Preparation of the mononuclear cobalt(II) complex, [Co(bipy)(maleato) (H2O)(3)].H2O (1) where bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, were accomplished by reaction of an aqueous solution containing sodium maleate and an ethanolic solution of Co(NO3)(2).6H(2)O and bipy. The crystal structure of complex (1) was determined by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 9.477(3), b = 7.660(2), c =23.526 (3) Angstrom, beta = 97.64(2)degrees, V = 1692.6(6) Angstrom(3), and Z = 4. The structure consists of discrete mononuclear cobalt molecules. The cobalt atom is six-coordinate and presents a slightly distorted octahedral geometry, which consists of the two imine N atoms of bipy, a terminal carboxylate O atom from maleate ligand, and a water O atom in the basal plane with Co - N bond distances of 2.116(2) and 2.124(3) Angstrom and Co-O distances of 2.075(2) and 2.088(2) Angstrom, respectively. The relatively shorter Co-O distances are due to the trans effect of the bipy ligand. The octahedral coordination is completed the other two water molecules. The coordinate and the lattice water molecules were identified by TG study. C1 Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, CG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Leng, Yongjun/C-6523-2008; G, Neela/H-3016-2014 OI Leng, Yongjun/0000-0001-9868-0195; NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1081 EP 1084 DI 10.1023/A:1009597422495 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 327YJ UT WOS:000087821800002 ER PT J AU Schneider, IF Orel, AE AF Schneider, IF Orel, AE TI Accurate nonadiabatic couplings for H-3: Application to predissociation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC EMISSION-SPECTRUM; RYDBERG STATES; TRIATOMIC HYDROGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOCIATION; MOLECULE; SURFACES; BANDS; D-3 AB We report the results of an ab initio calculation, using analytic techniques, of nonadiabatic couplings for H-3 between the degenerate E-2(') ground state and the 2s((2)A(1)(')), 3s((2)A(1)(')) and 3p(E-2(')) Rydberg states. The calculations employed extensive correlated wave functions that accurately reproduced the energy levels of these states. We have used these couplings as input to a two-dimensional wave packet calculation of dissociation dynamics in order to predict the predissociation lifetimes and final state vibrational distributions produced by the predissociation. A significant isotope effect is found in the final vibrational distributions produced from H-3 and D-3 predissociation. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 9606(99)30833-3]. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, Lasers Dept, RO-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Paris 11, Photophys Mol Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Orel, AE (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, Takustr 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 13 BP 5873 EP 5881 DI 10.1063/1.479882 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 238UW UT WOS:000082732100025 ER PT J AU Jiang, JW Prausnitz, JM AF Jiang, JW Prausnitz, JM TI Equation of state for thermodynamic properties of chain fluids near-to and far-from the vapor-liquid critical region SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP THEORY; DIRECTIONAL ATTRACTIVE FORCES; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; MULTIPLE BONDING SITES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; POLYMER SYSTEMS; CRITICAL-POINT; N-ALKANES; ASSOCIATING MOLECULES AB Upon incorporation of contributions from long-wavelength density fluctuations by a renormalization-group theory, a crossover equation of state is developed for describing thermodynamic properties of chain fluids. Outside the critical region, the crossover equation of state reduces to the classical equation; inside the critical region, it gives nonclassical universal critical exponents. The crossover equation of state correctly represents phase equilibria and pVT properties of chain fluids in both regions. Good agreement is obtained upon comparisons with computer simulations for square-well chain fluids. As obtained from experimental vapor-pressure and density data, the square-well segment-segment parameters for n-alkanes from ethane to eicosane are linear functions of molecular weight. Calculated thermodynamic properties agree well with experiment for n-alkanes from methane to hexatriacontane. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 9606(99)50337-1]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lindar@cchem.berkeley.edu RI JIANG, Jianwen/G-1505-2013; OI Jiang, Jianwen/0000-0003-1310-9024 NR 94 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 13 BP 5964 EP 5974 DI 10.1063/1.479892 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 238UW UT WOS:000082732100035 ER PT J AU Batista, ER Xantheas, SS Jonsson, H AF Batista, ER Xantheas, SS Jonsson, H TI Multipole moments of water molecules in clusters and ice Ih from first principles calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; DIPOLE-MOMENT; CORRELATION-ENERGY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; LIQUID WATER; ELECTRON-GAS; CAGE FORM; ABINITIO; DYNAMICS; APPROXIMATION AB We have calculated molecular multipole moments for water molecules in clusters and in ice Ih by partitioning the charge density obtained from first principles calculations. Various schemes for dividing the electronic charge density among the water molecules were used. They include Bader's zero flux surfaces and Voronoi partitioning schemes. A comparison was also made with an induction model including dipole, dipole-quadrupole, quadrupole-quadrupole polarizability and first hyperpolarizability as well as fixed octopole and hexadecapole moments. We have found that the different density partitioning schemes lead to widely different values for the molecular multipoles, illustrating how poorly defined molecular multipoles are in clusters and condensed environments. For instance, the magnitude of the molecular dipole moment in ice Ih ranges between 2.3 D and 3.1 D depending on the partitioning scheme used. Within each scheme, though, the value for the molecular dipole moment in ice is larger than in the hexamer. The magnitude of the molecular dipole moment in the clusters shows a monotonic increase from the gas phase value to the one in ice Ih, with the molecular dipole moment in the water ring hexamer being smaller than the one in ice Ih for all the partitioning schemes used. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)51637-1]. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Jonsson, Hannes/G-2267-2013; Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015; OI Jonsson, Hannes/0000-0001-8285-5421; Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037 NR 50 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 13 BP 6011 EP 6015 DI 10.1063/1.479897 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 238UW UT WOS:000082732100040 ER PT J AU Kaufman, EN Borole, AP Shong, R Sides, JL Juengst, C AF Kaufman, EN Borole, AP Shong, R Sides, JL Juengst, C TI Sulfur specificity in the bench-scale biological desulfurization of crude oil by Rhodococcus IGTS8 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oil desulfurization; Rhodococcus; IGTS8; dibenzothiophene; biodesulfurization; sulfur speciation ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS M6; MICROBIAL DESULFURIZATION; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; DIBENZOTHIOPHENE; STRAIN; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION AB Biological removal of organic sulfur from petroleum feedstocks mag offer an attractive alternative to conventional thermochemical treatment due to the mild operating conditions and greater reaction specificity afforded by the nature of biocatalysis. Previous investigations have either reported the desulfurization of model sulfur compounds in organic solvents or gross desulfurization of crude oil without data on which sulfur species were being removed. This study reports initial sulfur speciation data for thiophenic sulfur compounds present in crude oil which may be used as a guide both as to which species are treated by the biocatalyst investigated as well. as to where biocatalyst development is needed to improve the extent of biological desulfurization when applied to whole crudes. Biodesulfurization of two different crude oils in the 22-31 degrees API specific gravity range with total sulfur contents between 1 and 2% is demonstrated in 1-dm(3) batch stirred reactors using wild type Rhodococcus sp IGTS8, while analysis of the crudes before and after biodesulfurization did not reveal a decrease in total sulfur, GC-I;IS did reveal significant (43-99%) desulfurization of dibenzothiophenes (DBT) and substituted DBTs. Fractionation of the whole crude, followed by analysis using gas chromatography-sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD) of the aromatic fraction of the Van Texas crude oil, demonstrated a reduction of sulfur in this fraction from 3.8% to 3.2%. This research indicates that IGTS8 may be capable of biodesulfurization of refined products such as gasoline and diesel whose predominant sulfur species are dibenzothiophenes, Further biocatalyst development would be needed for effective treatment of the spectrum of sulfur-bearing compounds present in whole crudes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Bioproc Res & Dev Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texaco, E&P Technol Dept, Houston, TX 77042 USA. UNOCAL Corp, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. RP Kaufman, EN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Bioproc Res & Dev Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; Unciano, Noel/B-6810-2009; OI Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1000 EP 1004 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199910)74:10<1000::AID-JCTB134>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 247TT UT WOS:000083236600012 ER PT J AU Miyabe, K Guiochon, G AF Miyabe, K Guiochon, G TI Influence of column radial heterogeneity on peak fronting in linear chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE column radial heterogeneity; peak shape; column efficiency; flow velocity distribution ID MASS-TRANSFER KINETICS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CYLINDRICAL SYMMETRY; FLOW VELOCITY; EFFICIENCY; DISPERSION; BEDS; HOMOGENEITY; SEPARATION; IDEAL AB Using numerical calculations of elution peak profiles, an explanation of the fronting behavior of elution peaks in linear chromatography was found in certain radial distributions of the mobile phase flow velocity and local bed efficiency. Fronting peaks are observed only if the flow velocity is higher in the wall region than in the center part of the column and the local efficiency is lower near the wall than in the center. By contrast, tailing or symmetrical peaks are observed if only the how velocity or the local efficiency are radially heterogeneous. The degree of peak fronting increases with increasing amplitude of the radial distributions. The influence of the radial heterogeneity of the flow velocity on the degree of peak fronting is more severe for high than for low efficiency columns. An equation is suggested to correlate peak fronting behavior for columns of different efficiencies and a procedure proposed for the estimation of the radial distributions of the flow velocity and the local efficiency by analyzing some characteristics of asymmetric peaks. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 857 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00752-9 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 243VM UT WOS:000083018200004 PM 10536826 ER PT J AU Parks, EJ Krauss, RM Christiansen, MP Neese, RA Hellerstein, MK AF Parks, EJ Krauss, RM Christiansen, MP Neese, RA Hellerstein, MK TI Effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on VLDL-triglyceride assembly, production, and clearance SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS; LIPASE ACTIVITY; APOPROTEIN-B; HEPG2 CELLS; RISK FACTOR; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; METABOLISM; HUMANS AB Low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF/HC) diets commonly elevate plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations, but the kinetic mechanisms responsible for this effect remain uncertain. Subjects with low TG (normolipidemic [NL]) and those with moderately elevated TG (hypertriglyceridemic [HTG]) were studied on both a control and an LF/HC diet. We measured VLDL particle and TG transport rates, plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) flux, and sources of fatty acids used for the assembly of VLDL-TG. The LF/HC diet resulted in a 60% elevation in TG, a 37% reduction in VLDL-TG clearance, and an 18% reduction in whole-body fat oxidation, but no significant change in VLDL-apo B or VLDL-TG secretion rates. Significant elevations in fasting apo B-48 concentrations were observed on the LF/HC in HTG subjects. In both groups, fasting de novo lipogenesis was low regardless of diet. The NEFA pool contributed the great majority of fatty acids to VLDL-TG in NL subjects on both diets, whereas in HTG subjects, the contribution of NEFA was somewhat lower overall and was reduced further in individuals on the LF/HC diet. Between 13% and 29% of VLDL-TG fatty acids remained unaccounted for by the sum of de novo lipogenesis and plasma NEFA input in HTG subjects. We conclude that (a) whole-food LF/HC diets reduce VLDL-TG clearance and do not increase VLDL-TG secretion or de novo lipogenesis; (b) sources of fatty acids for assembly of VLDL-TG differ between HTG and NL subjects and are further affected by diet composition; (c) the presence of chylomicron remnants in the fasting state on LF/HC diets may contribute to elevated TG levels by competing for VLDL-TG lipolysis and by providing a source of fatty acids for hepatic VLDL-TG synthesis; and (d) the assembly, production, and clearance of elevated plasma VLDL-TG in response to LF/HC diets therefore differ from those for elevated TG on higher-fat diets. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol & Nucl Med, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Med Serv, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parks, EJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Parks, Elizabeth/0000-0001-5681-1097 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5-M01-RR00083-37, M01 RR000083]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-18574] NR 62 TC 177 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA ROOM 4570 KRESGE I, 200 ZINA PITCHER PLACE, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-0560 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 104 IS 8 BP 1087 EP 1096 DI 10.1172/JCI6572 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 251WJ UT WOS:000083469100016 PM 10525047 ER PT J AU McCarroll, ME Joly, AG Wang, ZM Friedrich, DM von Wandruszka, R AF McCarroll, ME Joly, AG Wang, ZM Friedrich, DM von Wandruszka, R TI Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropies in mixed surfactant solutions SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mixed micelles; perylene fluorescence; time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy; subslip behavior ID ROTATIONAL FRICTION COEFFICIENTS; CLOUD-POINT; NONIONIC DETERGENT; BOUNDARY-CONDITION; DIFFUSION; MOLECULES; ADDITIVES; PERYLENE; MICELLES; ALKANES AB Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy decays of solutions of Triton X-114 (TX-114) with various amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were measured using the emission both from the surfactant itself and from added perylene. In the former case, the monomer and aggregate species of the surfactant were spectroscopically isolated and were shown to have significantly different rotational correlation times. The rotational diffusion of perylene in micellar TX-114 with small amounts of added SDS appeared to have a component with a very short correlation time. The anisotropy decay curves showed the existence of limiting anisotropies (r(infinity)), indicating hindered probe rotation in the micellar environment. At higher SDS concentrations, the fast-decaying component slowed down and the limiting anisotropy decreased substantially, suggesting some migration of the probe to the interior of the micelle. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP von Wandruszka, R (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010 OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 218 IS 1 BP 260 EP 264 DI 10.1006/jcis.1999.6414 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 239AR UT WOS:000082747100026 ER PT J AU Williford, RE Weber, WJ Devanathan, R Gale, JD AF Williford, RE Weber, WJ Devanathan, R Gale, JD TI Effects of cation disorder on oxygen vacancy migration in Gd2Ti2O7 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE Gd2Ti2O7; pyrochlores; disorder; oxygen vacancy migration ID OXIDES; PYROCHLORES; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION AB Atomistic simulations were used to calculate defect formation and migration energies for oxygen vacancies in the pyrochlore Gd2Ti2O7, with particular attention to the role of cation antisite disorder. Oxygen occupies two crystallographically distinct sites (48f and 8a) in the ordered material, but the 8b sites become partially occupied with disorder. Because cation and anion disorder are coupled, oxygen vacancy formation and migration energetics are sensitive to the configuration of the cation disorder. The V-O48f vacancy and V-O48f + O8b(i) Frenkel defects are energetically favored in the ordered material, but V-O8a is favored at higher disorder. The V-O8a + O8b (i) Frenkel is favored for some disorder configurations. Eight possible oxygen vacancy migration paths converge toward a unique migration energy as cation disorder increases, reflecting a reversion towards the fluorite structure. Oxygen vacancy migration is determined by O-48f --> O-48f transitions along the shortest edges of the TiO6 octahedra. The transition V-O8a --> V-O48f is also possible for low disorder, and can activate the V-O48f --> V-O48f migration network by depositing vacancies there. The reverse transition may occur at very high disorder to retard ionic conduction, and is consistent with Frenkel defect stabilities. Local regions of ordered and disordered material both appear necessary to explain the observed trends in ionic conductivity. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Dept Mat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AY, England. RP Williford, RE (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Dept Mat, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; Gale, Julian/B-7987-2009 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; Gale, Julian/0000-0001-9587-9457 NR 31 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 26 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4 BP 409 EP 424 DI 10.1023/A:1009978200528 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 261MY UT WOS:000084014000008 ER PT J AU Vianco, PT Rejent, JA AF Vianco, PT Rejent, JA TI Properties of ternary Sn-Ag-Bi solder alloys: Part I - Thermal properties and microstructural analysis SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Sn-Ag-Bi alloys; solder; phase diagram ID COPPER; GROWTH AB Bismuth additions of 1% to 10% were made to the 26.5Sn-3.5Ag (wt.%) alloy in an effort to develop a Sn-Ag-Bi ternary composition. A DSC evaluation of the melting properties of the 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi composition suggested the appearance of metastable, short-range order in the atomic structure as a result of low temperature, thermal aging. More extensive solid-state aging studies on 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi/Cu couples resulted in the growth of an intermetallic compound layer at the solder/substrate interface comprised of Cu3Sn and the Cu6Sn5 sub-layers. The growth kinetics of the total layer thickness (x) as a function of solid-state aging time (t) and temperature (T) were represented by the following expression: x - x(o) = A t(n) exp(-Q/RT) where x(o) = 0.57 x 10(-6) m; A = 6.22 x 10(-3) m/s(n); n = 0.46 +/- 0.15; and Q = 49 +/- 8 kJ/ mel. TEM analysis of the 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi composition indicated that solid-solution and precipitation strengthening mechanisms were a likely consequence of the Bi additions. Contact angle measurements, Cu/solder/Cu solder joint shear strength tests, and microhardness evaluations were also performed on the Sn-Ag-Bi alloys; those results are reported in Part II. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Soldier Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Soldier Sci & Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 23 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1127 EP 1137 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0250-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 243PG UT WOS:000083006000010 ER PT J AU Vianco, PT Rejent, JA AF Vianco, PT Rejent, JA TI Properties of ternary Sn-Ag-Bi solder allays: Part II - Wettability and mechanical properties analyses SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Sn-Ag-Bi alloys; solder; solid-solution strengthening; microhardness AB Bismuth additions of 1% to 10% were made to the 96.5Sn-3.5Ag (wt.%) alloy in a study to develop a Sn-Ag-Bi ternary composition. Thermal properties and microstructural analyses of selected alloy compositions were reported in Part I. Wettability and mechanical properties are described in this paper. Contact angle measurements demonstrated that Pi additions improved wetting/spreading performance on Cu; a minimum contact angle of 31 +/- 4 degrees was observed with 4.83 wt.% Pi addition. Increasing the Bi content of the ternary alloy raised the Cu/ solder/Cu solder joint shear strength to 81 MPa as determined by the ring-and-plug tests, TEM analysis of the 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi composition presented in Part I indicated that the strength improvement was attributed to solid-solution and precipitation strengthening effects by the Bi addition residing in the Sn-rich phase. Microhardness measurements of the Sn-Ag-Bi alloy, as a function of Bi content, reached maximum values of 30 (Knoop, 50 g) and 110 (Knoop, 5 g) for Bi contents greater than approximately 4-5 wt.%. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Soldier Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Soldier Sci & Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1138 EP 1143 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0251-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 243PG UT WOS:000083006000011 ER PT J AU Elahi, M Weitsman, YJ AF Elahi, M Weitsman, YJ TI The mechanical response of random swirl-mat polymeric composite SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB This article concerns the mechanical response of random glass fiber strand swirl-mat/urethane matrix composite under static and cyclic loads as well as under elevated temperatures. The article presents an extensive amount of experimental data as well as predictions based upon a coupled damage/viscoelastic constitutive formulation generated specifically to model the behavior of the material at hand. Damage evolution relations are derived from an empirical relationship. This work extends previously published results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Dept, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept MAES, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Elahi, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Dept, M-S 8051, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.1115/1.2812402 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 246LH UT WOS:000083164900009 ER PT J AU Joseph, TW AF Joseph, TW TI Utilitarian decisions in the environmental health sciences SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Environmental health professionals, who must identify, evaluate, and arrive at solutions to the myriad ecological and human health issues facing the the public, must choose their tools from among a labyrinthine array of complex sciences. Although these tools represent worthy instruments and are in themselves valuable as pure sciences, using them can present a serious dilemma. Human health and environmental degradation call not only for the best a science has to offer, but also for the right choice of tools. At this juncture, good intent and good science can lead to bad decisions. Decision making is a science, yet it is often reduced to judgement under stress. Knowing what the issues are, understanding the limits of science, and involving the public the decision-making process is the right way to solve the complex health in and environmental issues surrounding us. RP Joseph, TW (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Oak Ridge Operat Off, POB 2001, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD OCT PY 1999 VL 62 IS 3 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 240QB UT WOS:000082835700004 ER PT J AU Elphic, RC Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE McComas, DJ AF Elphic, RC Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE McComas, DJ TI Inner edge of the electron plasma sheet: Empirical models of boundary location SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; ANALYZER AB This study uses geosynchronous plasma observations and the inferred midnight equatorward edge of the diffuse aurora (based on DMSP data) to obtain hundreds of two-point locations of the inner edge of the electron plasma sheet. We reconfirm that the local time at L = 6.6 of the boundary separating the plasmasphere/electron trough (where cold ion densities can be high and the density of hot electrons is low) and the electron plasma sheet (where hot electron densities increase) varies with activity level. We also demonstrate a good correlation between the midnight boundary index (MBI) from DMSP and the local time of the geosynchronous electron plasma sheet inner edge. Models of the size and shape of the inner edge of the electron plasma sheet may be constructed using the equatorial mapping of the MBI values and the geosynchronous boundary crossing locations in local time. The model form used is an improved version of the zero-energy drift boundary approximation of Southwood and Kaye [1979]; the improved form is an analytic approximation to the exact solution for a shielded cross-tail electric field. Model parameters such as radial distance of the stagnation point range from 5 to well over 7 R-E depending on activity; the degree of shielding also appears to be greater for low activity than for high, with shielding parameter values of greater than 5 for low activity. When the boundary model is allowed to rotate freely, the inferred stagnation point appears to move tailward, not sunward, with increasing activity, but this result is poorly constrained. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Elphic, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A10 BP 22679 EP 22693 DI 10.1029/1999JA900213 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 240YV UT WOS:000082855100033 ER PT J AU Liou, K Meng, CI Lui, TY Newell, PT Brittnacher, M Parks, G Reeves, GD Anderson, RR Yumoto, K AF Liou, K Meng, CI Lui, TY Newell, PT Brittnacher, M Parks, G Reeves, GD Anderson, RR Yumoto, K TI On relative timing in substorm onset signatures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; INJECTIONS; PLASMA; MAGNETOTAIL AB We investigate the timing of popular substorm onset signatures to understand their temporal relationship. Proxies for substorm onsets include auroral breakups, high-latitude magnetic bays, low-latitude Pi2 bursts, dispersionless injections at geostationary orbits, and auroral kilometric radiation. We use the auroral breakup, identified with Polar UVI images, as a common reference time frame to calibrate the others. Results, illustrated by two well-defined auroral substorms, unambiguously indicate that none of the four frequently used substorm onset proxies can provide a consistent timing of substorm onset. This inconsistency in substorm onset timing is attributed as a consequence of temporal and spatial limitations on each observational technique. A delay between the proxy identifiers and the auroral breakup is found to be typical. It is therefore strongly suggested from this study result that a common reference time frame for substorm onset is necessary, and we propose it should be auroral breakups. We argue that there is a need for an intercalibration of magnetospheric substorm phenomenology by using a unified definition of the substorm onset. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fac Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Liou, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 NR 36 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A10 BP 22807 EP 22817 DI 10.1029/1999JA900206 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 240YV UT WOS:000082855100043 ER PT J AU Gee, GW Ward, AL Meyer, PD AF Gee, GW Ward, AL Meyer, PD TI Method to estimate water storage capacity of capillary barriers - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIELD C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gee, GW (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 125 IS 10 BP 918 EP 919 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:10(918) PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 238BF UT WOS:000082690500017 ER PT J AU Davis, DP Khurana, R Meredith, S Stevens, FJ Argon, Y AF Davis, DP Khurana, R Meredith, S Stevens, FJ Argon, Y TI Mapping the major interaction between binding protein and Ig light chains to sites within the variable domain SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY-CHAIN; SHOCK COGNATE PROTEIN; HSP70 MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; ATP HYDROLYTIC ACTIVITY; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; PEPTIDE-BINDING; SUBSTRATE-BINDING; DNAK CHAPERONE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; BIP AB Newly synthesized Ig chains are known to interact in vivo with the binding protein (BiP). a major peptide-binding chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, The predominant interactions between the light chain and BiP are observed early in the folding pathway, when the light chain is either completely reduced, or has only one disulfide bond. In this study, we describe the in vitro reconstitution of BiP binding to the variable domain of light chains (V-L). Binding of deliberately unfolded V-L was dramatically more avid than that of folded V-L, mimicking the interaction in vivo. Furthermore, V-L binding was inhibited by addition of ATP, was competed with excess unlabeled V-L, and was demonstrated with several different V-L proteins. Using this assay, peptides derived from the V-L sequence were tested experimentally for their ability to bind BiP. Four peptides from both beta sheets of V-L were shown to bind BiP specifically, two with significantly higher affinity. As few as these two peptide sites, one from each beta sheet of V-L, are sufficient to explain the association of BiP with the entire light chain. These results suggest how BiP directs the folding of Ig in vivo and how it may be used in shaping the B cell repertoire. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Comm Immunol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argon, Y (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 1089, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30178]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43757] NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 163 IS 7 BP 3842 EP 3850 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 238ZP UT WOS:000082744900037 PM 10490983 ER PT J AU Leung, KT Chang, YJ Gan, YD Peacock, A Macnaughton, SJ Stephen, JR Burkhalter, RS Flemming, CA White, DC AF Leung, KT Chang, YJ Gan, YD Peacock, A Macnaughton, SJ Stephen, JR Burkhalter, RS Flemming, CA White, DC TI Detection of Sphingomonas spp in soil by PCR and sphingolipid biomarker analysis SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sphingomonas; sphingolipid analysis; PCR; soil ID GENUS SPHINGOMONAS; PAUCIMOBILIS; BACTERIA; STRAIN; DIVERSITY; MINERALIZATION; POPULATIONS; YANOIKUYAE; SEDIMENTS; CLONING AB Sphingomonas spp possess unique abilities to degrade refractory contaminants and are found ubiquitously in the environment. We developed Sphingomonas genus-specific PCR primers (SPf-190 and SPr1-852) which showed specific amplification of a 627-bp 16S rDNA fragment from Sphingomonas spp. A PCR assay using these Sphingomonas specific primers was developed to detect Sphingomonas aromaticivorans B0695R in three texturally distinct soil types, showing detection limits between 1.3-2.2 x 10(3) CFU g(-1) dry soil. A sphingolipid extraction protocol was also developed to monitor Sphingomonas populations in soil quantitatively, The detection limit of the assay was 20 pmol g(-1) dry soil, equivalent to about 3 x 10(5) cells g(-1) dry soil. Survival of S. aromaticivorans B0695R was monitored in the three different soils by antibiotic selective plate counting, PCR and sphingolipid analysis. All three approaches showed that the B0695R cells persisted in the low biomass Sequatchie sub-soil at about 3-5 x 10(7) cells g(-1) dry soil. In comparison to the plate counting assay, both the PCR and sphingolipid analysis detected a significantly higher level of B0695R cells in the clay soil and Sequatchie top-soil, indicating the possibility of the presence of viable but non-culturable B0695R cells in the soils. The combination of PCR and sphingolipid analysis may provide a more realistic estimation of Sphingomonas population in the environment. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP White, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 10515 Res Dr,Suite 300, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT-NOV PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4-5 BP 252 EP 260 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900677 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 271LD UT WOS:000084594300004 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, JK Balkwill, DL Romine, MF Shi, T AF Fredrickson, JK Balkwill, DL Romine, MF Shi, T TI Ecology, physiology, and phylogeny of deep subsurface Sphingomonas sp SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sphingomonas aromaticivorans; S-stygia; S-subterranea; deep subsurface; aromatic compound; plasmid ID PSEUDOMONAS-PAUCIMOBILIS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; COASTAL-PLAIN; TERRESTRIAL-SUBSURFACE; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; GENUS SPHINGOMONAS; SP-NOV; MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES; GROUND-WATER; SEDIMENTS AB Several new species of the genus Sphingomonas including S. aromaticivorans, S. stygia, and S. subterranea that have the capacity for degrading a broad range of aromatic compounds including toluene, naphthalene, xylenes, p-cresol, fluorene, biphenyl, and dibenzothiophene, were isolated from deeply-buried (>200 m) sediments of the US Atlantic coastal plain (ACP). In S. aromaticivorans F199, many of the genes involved in the catabolism of these aromatic compounds are encoded on a 184-kb conjugative plasmid; some of the genes involved in aromatic catabolism are plasmid-encoded in the other strains as well. Members of the genus Sphingomonas were common among aerobic heterotrophic bacteria cultured from ACP sediments and have been detected in deep subsurface environments elsewhere. The major source of organic carbon for heterotrophic metabolism in ACP deep aquifers is lignite that originated from plant material buried with the sediments. We speculate that the ability of the subsurface Sphingomonas strains to degrade a wide array of aromatic compounds represents an adaptation for utilization of sedimentary lignite. These and related subsurface Sphingomonas spp may play an important role in the transformation of sedimentary organic carbon in the aerobic and microaerobic regions of the deep aquifers of the ACP. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,MS P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 65 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT-NOV PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4-5 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900741 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 271LD UT WOS:000084594300007 ER PT J AU Romine, MF Fredrickson, JK Li, SMW AF Romine, MF Fredrickson, JK Li, SMW TI Induction of aromatic catabolic activity in Sphingomonas aromaticivorans strain F199 SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aromatic; regulation; toluene; p-cresol; naphthalene; degradation ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA F1; TOL PLASMID PWW0; 2-HYDROXYMUCONIC SEMIALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; PHENOL DEGRADATION; DEEP-SUBSURFACE; HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION; TOLUENE DIOXYGENASE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PATHWAY GENES AB Enzyme induction studies with Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199 demonstrated that both toluene and naphthalene induced expression of both naphthalene and toluene catabolic enzymes. However, neither aromatic compound induced expression of all the enzymes required for complete mineralization of either naphthalene or toluene, Activity measurements in combination with gene sequence analyses indicate that growth on either aromatic substrate in the absence of the other is, therefore, sub-optimal and is predicted to lead to the build-up of metabolites due to imbalance in toluene or naphthalene catabolic enzyme activities. Growth on toluene may be further inhibited by the co-expression of two toluene catabolic pathways, as predicted from gene sequence analyses. One of these pathways may potentially result in the formation of a dead-end intermediate, possibly benzaldehyde. In contrast, either p-cresol or benzoate can support high levels of growth. Analyses of promoter region sequences on the F199 aromatic catabolic plasmid, pNL1, suggest that additional regulatory events are modulated through the interaction of BphR with Sigma54 type promoters and through the binding of a regulator upstream of p-cresol catabolic genes and xylM. We hypothesize that the unusual gene clustering in strain F199 is optimized for simultaneous degradation of multiple aromatic compound classes, possibly in response to the heterogeneous composition of aromatic structures in the fossil organic matter present in the deep Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments from which this bacterium was isolated. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Romine, MF (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,MS P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT-NOV PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4-5 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900750 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 271LD UT WOS:000084594300010 ER PT J AU Dischino, DD Cianci, C Krystal, M Meanwell, NA Morimoto, H Pearce, BC Williams, P Yu, KL AF Dischino, DD Cianci, C Krystal, M Meanwell, NA Morimoto, H Pearce, BC Williams, P Yu, KL TI Synthesis of H-3-labeled 2-hydroxy-N-[(1,3,3-trimethyl-[4,5,6-H-3]cyclohexyl)methyl]-5-azidobenza mide, a photoaffinity analog of an influenza fusion inhibitor SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE photoaffinity label; tritium; influenza; hemagglutinin protein ID MEMBRANE-FUSION; A VIRUS AB Synthesis of H-3-labeled 2-hydroxy-N-[(1,3,3-trimethyl-[4,5,6-H-3]cyclohexyl)methyl]-5-azidobenzamide, a photoaffinity analog of an influenza fusion inhibitor, is reported. Tritiation of a mixture of N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohex-4 (or 5)-enylmethylamine via T-2 and Pd/C, followed by coupling of the deprotected tritiated amine with acetyl 5-azidosalicylic acid chloride yielded the penultimate product. Subsequent deprotection and normal phase HPLC purification yielded the target compound with a radiochemical purity >99% and a specific activity of 63 Ci/mmol. C1 Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Richard L Gelb Ctr Res & Dev, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Tritum Labelling Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Struct Biol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dischino, DD (reprint author), Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Richard L Gelb Ctr Res & Dev, 5 Res Pkwy, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 42 IS 10 BP 965 EP 974 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1344(199910)42:10<965::AID-JLCR255>3.0.CO;2-K PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 242TQ UT WOS:000082958100006 ER PT J AU van Antwerpen, R La Belle, M Navratilova, E Krauss, RM AF van Antwerpen, R La Belle, M Navratilova, E Krauss, RM TI Structural heterogeneity of apoB-containing serum lipoproteins visualized using cryo-electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE VLDL; IDL; LDL; low density lipoprotein ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; LDL RECEPTOR; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC SUBJECTS; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH; SUBFRACTIONS; METABOLISM; BINDING AB Cryo-electron microscopy was used to analyze the structure of lipoprotein particles in density gradient subfractions of human very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL), Lipoproteins from a normolipidemic subject with relatively large and buoyant LDL (pattern A) and from a subject with a predominance of small dense LDL (pattern B) were compared. Projections of VLDL in vitreous ice were heterogeneous in size, but all were circular with a relatively even distribution of contrast. Selected projections of LDL, on the other hand, were circular with a high density ring or rectangular with two high density bands. Both circular and rectangular LDL projections decreased in average size with increasing subfraction density, but were found in all of 10 density gradient subfractions, both in pattern A and in pattern B profiles, Preparations of total IDL contained particles with the structural features of VLDL as well as particles resembling LDL, IDL particles resembling LDL were observed in specific density gradient subfractions in the denser region of the VLDL-IDL density range, Within the group of IDL particles resembling LDL considerable heterogeneity was observed, but no structural features specific for the pattern A or pattern B lipoprotein profile were recognized. jlr The observed structural heterogeneity of the apolipoprotein B-containing serum lipoproteins may reflect differences in the composition of these particles that may also influence their metabolic and pathologic properties. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP van Antwerpen, R (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 14237, HL 18574]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 50551] NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1827 EP 1836 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 244BL UT WOS:000083031900010 PM 10508202 ER PT J AU Myers, KD Bud'ko, SL Fisher, IR Islam, Z Kleinke, H Lacerda, AH Canfield, PC AF Myers, KD Bud'ko, SL Fisher, IR Islam, Z Kleinke, H Lacerda, AH Canfield, PC TI Systematic study of anisotropic transport and magnetic properties of RAgSb2 (R = Y, La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Tm) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE anisotropy-magnetic; metamagnetism; magnetotransport; CEF effects; correlated electron systems ID RARE-EARTH; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CU; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TEMPERATURES; PRESSURE; T=NI; AG; CE; PD AB Anisotropic measurements of the magnetic and transport properties have been performed on high-quality single crystals of the RAgSb2 series of compounds with R = Y, La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Tm. For most of these compounds, strong magnetic anisotropies, created by crystalline electric field (CEF) splitting of the Hund's rule ground state, confine the moments to the basal plane. Additional anisotropy within the basal plane is also observed in DyAgSb2, leading to a series of metamagnetic transitions. All of the compounds order antiferromagnetically at low temperatures except for the nonmagnetic compounds LaAgSb2 and YAgSb2 and the ferromagnetic compound CeAgSb2. For R = Y, La-Nd, and Sm clear de Haas-van Alphen oscillations in fields as low as 30 kOe and at temperatures as high as 25 K can be measured. Throughout the series, the low-temperature transverse magnetoresistance is large [Delta rho(H)/rho(0)approximate to 60 in SmAgSb2 at 55 kOe] and deviates strongly from quadratic behavior with field the dependence of Delta rho(H)/rho(0) ranging between H-0.8 and H-1.5. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Facil, Natl High Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Myers, KD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 26 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 205 IS 1 BP 27 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00472-2 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 232PW UT WOS:000082380000004 ER PT J AU Bud'ko, SL Islam, Z Wiener, TA Fisher, IR Lacerda, AH Canfield, PC AF Bud'ko, SL Islam, Z Wiener, TA Fisher, IR Lacerda, AH Canfield, PC TI Anisotropy and metamagnetism in the RNi2Ge2 (R = Y, La-Nd, Sm-Lu) series SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE anisotropy-magnetic; metamagnetism; CEF effects; correlated electron systems ID MIXED MAGNETIC PHASES; MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; INCOMMENSURATE PHASES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; DEVILS STAIRCASE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ISING-MODEL; COMMENSURATE; TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING AB Single crystals of a complete series of the RNi2Ge2 (R = Y, La-Nd, Sm-Lu) ternary intermetallics were grown and characterized by measurements of the anisotropic magnetization and in-plane resistivity in zero and applied magnetic field. The majority of moment-bearing members of the series order antiferromagnetically and have a series of transitions in zero applied magnetic field and there is a rough de Gennes scaling of Theta(D) and T-N for the heavy rare-earth members of the series. Signatures of the metamagnetic transitions in the magnetically ordered state and magnetic transitions in zero field are observed for a number of the members of the series. TbNi2Ge2 was studied in more details. Angular-dependent magnetization measurements support the hypothesis that the spins in the ordered states are confined to the c-axis. Complex H-T (H parallel to c) phase diagram for this material was derived from the magnetization measurements at different temperatures (M(H)) and applied fields (M(T)). It is suggested that TbNi2Ge2 is a promising candidate for the 'devil's staircase' material. In addition, YbNi2Ge2 is suggested to have strong 4f-conduction electron hybridization and is characterized as a 4f-hole analog of the previously studied CeNi2Ge2 moderate heavy fermion compound. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Facil, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bud'ko, SL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 45 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 205 IS 1 BP 53 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00486-2 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 232PW UT WOS:000082380000005 ER PT J AU Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA TI Magnetocaloric effect and magnetic refrigeration SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE magnetocaloric effect; magnetic refrigeration; lanthanide materials; ferromagnets; paramagnets; adiabatic demagnetization ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NUCLEAR DEMAGNETIZATION; ALLOYS; GADOLINIUM; ENTROPY; SYSTEM; GD-5(SI2GE2); FIELDS; PRNI5; CYCLE AB The phenomenon of the magnetocaloric effect along with recent progress and the future needs in both the characterization and exploration of new magnetic refrigerant materials with respect to their magnetocaloric properties are discussed. Also the recent progress in magnetic refrigerator design is reviewed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. Bit rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, 255 Spedding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 109 TC 784 Z9 808 U1 26 U2 253 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 44 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00397-2 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 241DP UT WOS:000082867700004 ER PT J AU Antropov, VP Harmon, BN Smirnov, AN AF Antropov, VP Harmon, BN Smirnov, AN TI Aspects of spin dynamics and magnetic interactions SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE spin dynamics; magnetic interactions; magnetic alignment ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING THEORY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; SYSTEMS; FE; FLUCTUATIONS; METALS AB Non-collinear magnetic alignment is somewhat unusual for equilibrium and these systems exhibiting such ground states are frequently 'victims' of competing forces. For non-equilibrium or dynamical systems (e.g. T > 0) non-collinear alignment is universal. We discuss such systems and present some basic formalism for evaluating from first principles the equation of motion and related relevant properties. Considerable discussion is also devoted to obtaining from first principles, parameters for model magnetic Hamiltonians. These models represent a convenient way to gain insight and to approximately evaluate magnetic interactions for very complex systems. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Harmon, BN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 44 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 148 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00425-4 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 241DP UT WOS:000082867700011 ER PT J AU Fullerton, EE Jiang, JS Bader, SD AF Fullerton, EE Jiang, JS Bader, SD TI Hard/soft magnetic heterostructures: model exchange-spring magnets SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE heterostructures; magnetic films; magnetic multilayers; exchange-spring magnets ID DOMAIN-WALL JUNCTION; NANOCRYSTALLINE PERMANENT-MAGNETS; THIN-FILMS; REMANENCE ENHANCEMENT; FE; BILAYERS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS; COERCIVITY; BEHAVIOR AB An overview is provided of research on exchange-spring coupled magnetic films and multilayers, including fabrication methods, and the characterization and modeling of the magnetization reversal processes. For coupled hard/soft bilayers and multilayers the deposition process provides nanometer-scale control of thicknesses and magnetic anisotropy. Such magnetic heterostructures provide model systems for studying the exchange hardening mechanism. Recent work on epitaxial SmCo/Fe and SmCo/Co bilayers and superlattices that display many of the characteristic features of exchange-spring magnets is highlighted. Comparison of the experimental results with numerical simulations indicates that the exchange-spring behavior can be understood from the intrinsic parameters of the hard and soft layers. The simulations are extended to realistically estimate the ultimate gain in performance that can potentially be realized in permanent magnets based on the exchange-spring principle. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fullerton, EE (reprint author), IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, 650 Harry Rd, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 60 TC 234 Z9 239 U1 11 U2 96 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 392 EP 404 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00376-5 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 241DP UT WOS:000082867700024 ER PT J AU Qiu, ZQ Bader, SD AF Qiu, ZQ Bader, SD TI Surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE SMOKE; Faraday effect; magneto-optics; FCC; BCC ID STRIPE DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; THIN FERROMAGNETIC FILM; ULTRATHIN FE FILMS; INPLANE MAGNETIZATION; EPITAXIAL FE; FCC FE; ANISOTROPY; CU(100); LAYERS; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB The purpose of this article is to stimulate interest in the power of the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) technique to address a range of contemporary issues associated with the physics of interfacial magnetic materials. Magneto-optics is introduced from both historical and modern perspectives. Experimental considerations are briefly considered. Topics highlighted include the phases of face-centered Fe, the phenomenon of oscillatory magnetic coupling, the two-dimensional spin-reorientation transition, step-induced magnetic anistropies in FCC and BCC systems, and spin frustration at the interface between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic films. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bader, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Qiu, Zi Qiang/O-4421-2016 OI Qiu, Zi Qiang/0000-0003-0680-0714 NR 51 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 7 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 664 EP 678 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00311-X PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 241DP UT WOS:000082867700040 ER PT J AU Ankner, JF Felcher, GP AF Ankner, JF Felcher, GP TI Polarized-neutron reflectometry SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE reflectometry; polarized neutron; magnetic thin films ID ANNEALED NI80FE20/AG MULTILAYERS; YBA2CU3O7 SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; FIELD PENETRATION DEPTH; FE/CR(001) SUPERLATTICES; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; X-RAY; FE/SI MULTILAYERS; THIN-FILMS; REFLECTION; PHASE AB Polarized-neutron specular reflectometry (PNR) was developed in the 1980s as a means of measuring depth-resolved magnetization in flat films with characteristic thicknesses from 2 to 5000 Angstrom. PNR has been widely used to study homogeneous and heterogeneous magnetic films, as well as superconductors. Starting from simple profiles, and gradually solving structures of greater complexity, PNR has been used to observe or clarify phenomena as diverse as the magnetism of very thin films, the penetration of fluxoids in superconductors, and the magnetic coupling across non-magnetic spacers. Although PNR is considered to be a probe of depth-dependent magnetic structure, laterally averaged in the plane of the him, the development of new scattering techniques promises to enable the characterization of lateral magnetic structures. Retaining the depth-sensitivity of specular reflectivity, off-specular reflectivity can resolve in-plane structures over nanometer to micron length scales. Presently limited by the neutron fluxes available, neutron reflectivity is expected to blossom in the next century, thanks to the increased brightness of the neutron beams, due not only to continuing improvements in neutron optics, but especially to the advent of second-generation spallation neutron sources. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Felcher, GP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Bldg 223, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718 NR 74 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 200 IS 1-3 BP 741 EP 754 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00392-3 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 241DP UT WOS:000082867700045 ER PT J AU Kyrpides, N Overbeek, R Ouzounis, C AF Kyrpides, N Overbeek, R Ouzounis, C TI Universal protein families and the functional content of the Last Universal Common Ancestor SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Last Universal Common Ancestor; cellular evolution; metabolic reconstruction; biochemical pathways; genomics ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; METHANOCOCCUS-JANNASCHII; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; BACTERIAL GENOMES; ARCHAEON; EVOLUTION; LIFE; CORE AB The phylogenetic distribution of Methanococcus jannaschii proteins can provide, for the first time, an estimate of the genome content of the last common ancestor of the three domains of life. Relying on annotation and comparison with reference to the species distribution of sequence similarities results in 324 proteins forming the universal family set. This set is very well characterized and relatively small and nonredundant, containing 301 biochemical functions, of which 246 are unique. This universal function set contains mostly genes coding for energy metabolism or information processing, It appears that the Last Universal Common Ancestor was an organism with metabolic networks and genetic machinery similar to those of extant unicellular organisms. C1 European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL Cambridge Outstn, Res Programme, Computat Genom Grp, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ouzounis, C (reprint author), European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL Cambridge Outstn, Res Programme, Computat Genom Grp, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. RI Ouzounis, Christos/G-2302-2010; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014 OI Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462 NR 33 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 49 IS 4 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1007/PL00006564 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 238GR UT WOS:000082703000002 PM 10485999 ER PT J AU Geisler, JG Palmer, RJ Stubbs, LJ Mucenski, ML AF Geisler, JG Palmer, RJ Stubbs, LJ Mucenski, ML TI Nspl1, a new Z-band-associated protein SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE RESEARCH AND CELL MOTILITY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMERIC-ALPHA-ACTININ; MICE LACKING DESMIN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS; GENE-TRANSFER; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PTK2 CELLS; MYOFIBRILS; STRESS; TITIN AB Molecular characterization of a novel gene designated Neuroendocrine-Specific Protein-Like-1 (Nspl1) had revealed that this gene is expressed as two transcripts, a 1.2 kb transcript found predominantly in skeletal muscle and a 2.1 kb transcript expressed in the brain. The exceptionally high level of skeletal muscle expression prompted us to determine where the protein is localized to skeletal muscle. In vitro studies were performed using two plasmid constructs that generate full-length Nspl1 muscle-specific protein fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP). In one construct, the GFP cDNA was fused to the N-terminus of the Nspl1 cDNA while in the second construct, the GFP cDNA was fused to the C-terminus of the Nspl1 cDNA. Transfection of either plasmid into mononucleated myoblasts showed that the Nspl1-GFP chimeric protein was associated with intermediate filaments. This was confirmed by using an antibody to stain desmin and finding that GFP-Nspl1 colocalizes with desmin. Chick primary myoblasts were transfected with the chimeric cDNAs and allowed to differentiate into mature myotubes. Results from this analysis and the use of monoclonal antibody to stain alpha-actinin, further localized the Nspl1 protein to the Z-band of mature myotubes. Confocal microscopy of the myotubes containing Nspl1-GFP demonstrates that Nspl1 is distributed continuously throughout the Z-disks. C1 Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geisler, JG (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Div Cent Res, Cardiovasc & Metab Dis, Groton, CT 06360 USA. OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0142-4319 J9 J MUSCLE RES CELL M JI J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 7 BP 661 EP 668 DI 10.1023/A:1005533013926 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 256GD UT WOS:000083716800005 PM 10672514 ER PT J AU Reisner, DE Xiao, TD Ye, H Dai, J Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW AF Reisner, DE Xiao, TD Ye, H Dai, J Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW TI Thermal-sprayed thin film cathodes for thermal battery SO JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE thermal spray; plasma spray; thermal battery AB This investigation involves the fabrication of thermal battery electrodes using the technique of thermal spray. The FeS2 active material, pyrite, is in a powder form consisting of irregular shapes, which cannot be thermally sprayed due to (i) poor flow characteristics and (ii) a low decomposition temperature resulting in undesirable subsulfides, including FeS and Fe1-xS. To overcome this, US Nanocorp has developed a proprietary technology to reconstitute the pyrite into thermal sprayable feedstock that will form a pure FeS2 coating in the thermal process. The thermal-sprayed electrodes were less than 10 mils thick, and were deposited onto stainless steel current collectors. The electrodes were tested under isothermal conditions and a constant current discharge over a temperature range of 400-550 degrees C using a standard LiS anode and a LiCl-KCl eutectic electrolyte. The electrodes were also tested in a 5-cell thermal battery. To compare the electrochemical behavior of the thermal sprayed active materials, cells and batteries fabricated using conventional pressed-powders were also tested. C1 US Nanocorp Inc, N Haven, CT 06473 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP US Nanocorp Inc, 20 Washington Ave,Ste 106, N Haven, CT 06473 USA. EM usnanocorp@aol.com NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA C P 6079, SUCC CENTRE-VILLE, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3A7, CANADA SN 1480-2422 J9 J NEW MAT ELECTR SYS JI J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 2 IS 4 BP 279 EP 282 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 283NG UT WOS:000085281200012 ER PT J AU Murtagh, MT Sigel, GH Fajardo, JC Edwards, BC Epstein, RI AF Murtagh, MT Sigel, GH Fajardo, JC Edwards, BC Epstein, RI TI Compositional investigation of Yb3+-doped heavy metal fluoride glasses for laser-induced fluorescent cooling applications SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Non-Oxide and New Optical Glasses CY SEP 06-10, 1998 CL SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND SP Corning SA, France, Galileo Corp USA, Hoya Co Ltd, R&D, Japan, Merck Ltd, UK, European Comm Directorate Gen XII, Sci, Res & Dev, Directorate C, Ind & Mat Technol, Brussels Belgium, USARDSG U S Army European Res Off London UK, ONREUR U S Navy European Off Naval Res, London UK, Soc Glass Technol UK, Sheffield City Council UK, Univ Shiffield UK AB A full-scale compositional analysis of Yb3+-doped heavy metal fluoride glasses (HMFG) has been undertaken to determine potential hosts for use in the development of a first-generation optical cryocooler for space-borne remote sensing applications. By pumping to the lower levels of the Yb3+ F-2(5/2) manifold, followed by a thermally-driven population redistribution to higher levels within the manifold, net cooling can be achieved by anti-Stokes fluorescence back to the ground state. This paper reports on fluoride glasses in the ZBLAN and BaF2-InF3-GaF3 (BIG) families which have shown promise for fluorescent cooling. ZBLANPb:Yb3+ is the first solid to actually exhibit net cooling due to anti-Stokes fluorescence. The BIG-derived hosts have been determined to contain similar mean emission photon energies and larger long-wavelength absorption tails than those of ZBLANPb:Yb3+. Low-temperature absorption and fluorescence spectra have indicated that the Yb3+-containing BIG glasses should have a cooling efficiency more than twice that of ZBLANPb at temperatures below 80 K and may attain a minimum temperature of 45 K compared to 55 K expected for the ZBLANPb. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Fiber Opt Mat Res Program, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Corning Inc, Sci & Technol, Corning, NY 14831 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murtagh, MT (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Fiber Opt Mat Res Program, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM murtagh@rci.rutgers.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT PY 1999 VL 256 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00326-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 249LP UT WOS:000083334800037 ER PT J AU Manner, WL Lloyd, JA Paffett, MT AF Manner, WL Lloyd, JA Paffett, MT TI Reexamination of the fundamental interactions of water with uranium SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED DESORPTION; PT(111) SURFACE; H2O; ADSORPTION; OXYGEN; VAPOR; CU(100); PD(100); AG(110); METAL AB Interactions of D2O with uranium metal at 85 and 300 K have been examined using surface specific techniques of thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDMS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS). At low temperatures (85 K), D2O adsorbs dissociatively at low exposures (less than or equal to 0.5 L) forming a mixture of surface-bound OD, O and D species while at higher exposures both molecular and dissociative adsorption is observed. The OD species are relatively stable up to similar to 200 K, above this temperature their concentration rapidly decreases (undetectable at T greater than or equal to 400 K). Three D-2 desorption states are observed upon annealing a 40 layer(s) on uranium prepared at 85 K: deuterium atoms recombining directly from dissociating OD/D2O groups between 120 and 300 K; recombination of deuterium adsorbed directly on the metal surface at similar to 395 K(less than or equal to 1.2 L); and deuterium atoms that interact with the metal and recombine and desorb in the presence of an oxygen layer at similar to 435 K ( greater than or equal to 1.2 L). At 300 K, adsorption is primarily dissociative with the formation of OD groups at higher exposures(greater than or equal to 3.0 L). Similar to the 85 K adsorption, three D2 desorption states are observed in the TDMS spectra when D2O is adsorbed at 300 K. The origin of these peaks is the same as for the 85 K except that the desorption temperature for the last peak is notably higher. This difference in T-max for the high-temperature peak when dosing at 300 K is attributed to thicker oxide/oxygen layer obtained when exposing the surface to D2O at 300 K. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paffett, MT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, MS J565, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 275 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(99)00100-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 238FC UT WOS:000082699400005 ER PT J AU Chen, J Dai, Y Carsughi, F Sommer, WF Bauer, GS Ullmaier, H AF Chen, J Dai, Y Carsughi, F Sommer, WF Bauer, GS Ullmaier, H TI Mechanical properties of 304L stainless steel irradiated with 800 MeV protons SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Letter AB The tensile properties of 304L stainless steel have been investigated after low temperature ( less than or equal to 250 degrees C) irradiation with 800 MeV protons at the LANSCE accelerator to a maximum fluence of 3 x 10(25) p/m(2), corresponding to a displacement dose of about 8.5 dpa. The results showed irradiation hardening and a concomitant loss of ductility with increasing proton fluence. Subsequent SEM observation revealed that the fracture mode changed from typical ductile to partial intergranular brittle after irradiation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Projekt ESS, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, Spallat Source Div, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Ancona, Agrary Fac, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, APT, TPO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM j.chen@fz-juelich.de NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 275 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(99)00147-6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 238FC UT WOS:000082699400015 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Logan, J Gatley, SJ Wong, C Hitzemann, R Pappas, NR AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Logan, J Gatley, SJ Wong, C Hitzemann, R Pappas, NR TI Reinforcing effects of psychostimulants in humans are associated with increases in brain dopamine and occupancy of D-2 receptors SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; TRANSPORTER KNOCKOUT MICE; C-11 RACLOPRIDE BINDING; ENDOGENOUS DOPAMINE; COCAINE REINFORCEMENT; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; METHYLPHENIDATE; AMPHETAMINE; DRUGS; PET AB Increases in dopamine concentration in limbic brain regions have been postulated to underlie the reinforcing effects of psychostimulant drugs in laboratory animals. However, neither the qualitative nor the quantitative relationship between drug-induced increases in brain dopamine and the reinforcing effects of psychostimulant drugs have been investigated in humans. Positron emission tomograph and [C-11] raclopride, a dopamine D-2 receptor radioligand that competes with endogenous dopamine for occupancy of the D-2 receptors, were used to measure changes in brain dopamine after different doses of i.v. methylphenidate in 14 healthy controls. In parallel, measures for self-reports of drug effects were obtained to assess their relationship to methylphenidate-induced changes in brain dopamine. The intensity of the "high" induced by methylphenidate was significantly correlated with the levels of released dopamine (r = 0.78, p <.001); subjects having the greatest increases were those who perceived the most intense high. This relationship remained significant after partialing out for dose and concentration of methylphenidate in plasma. Furthermore, subjects for whom methylphenidate did not increase dopamine did not perceive a high. These results represent the first clear demonstration that stimulant-induced high, a mood descriptor that reflects reinforcing effects of drugs in humans, is associated with increases in brain dopamine, and also that there is a quantitative relationship between levels of D-2 receptor occupancy by dopamine and the intensity of the high. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA09490, DA06278] NR 52 TC 250 Z9 253 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 291 IS 1 BP 409 EP 415 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 238QK UT WOS:000082721100053 PM 10490931 ER PT J AU Sun, S Bleck, R Rooth, C Dukowicz, J Chassignet, E Killworth, P AF Sun, S Bleck, R Rooth, C Dukowicz, J Chassignet, E Killworth, P TI Inclusion of thermobaricity in isopycnic-coordinate ocean models SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY; NEUTRAL SURFACES; WORLDS OCEANS; ATLANTIC AB Buoyancy anomalies caused by thermobaricity, that is, the modulation of seawater compressibility by potential temperature anomalies, underlie a long-standing argument against the use of potential-density-framed numerical models for realistic circulation studies. The authors show that this problem can be overcome by relaxing the strict correspondence between buoyancy and potential density in isopycnic-coordinate models. A parametric representation of the difference between the two variables is introduced in the form of a "virtual potential density," which can be viewed as the potential density that would be computed from the in situ conditions using the compressibility coefficient for seawater of a fixed (but representative) salinity and potential temperature. This variable is used as a basis for effective dynamic height computations in the dynamic equations, while the traditionally defined potential density may be retained as model coordinate. The conservation properties of the latter assure that adiabatic transport processes in a compressibility-compliant model can still be represented as exactly two-dimensional. Consistent with its dynamic significance, the distribution of virtual potential density is found to determine both the local static stability and, to a lesser degree, the orientation of neutrally buoyant mixing surfaces. The paper closes with a brief discussion of the pros and cons of replacing potential density by virtual potential density as vertical model coordinate. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Sun, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. RI Sun, Shan/H-2318-2015 NR 20 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2719 EP 2729 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2719:IOTIIC>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 250HG UT WOS:000083382500015 ER PT J AU Noda, Y Mori, A Liburdy, R Packer, L AF Noda, Y Mori, A Liburdy, R Packer, L TI Melatonin and its precursors scavenge nitric oxide SO JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE free radicals; 5-hydroxytryptophan; melatonin; N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine; nitric oxide; serotonin ID NEUROHORMONE MELATONIN; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; MAMMALIAN-TISSUES; SYNTHASE ACTIVITY; RAT CEREBELLUM; PINEAL-GLAND; PEROXYNITRITE; ANTIOXIDANT; SUPEROXIDE AB Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity of melatonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan and L-tryptophan was examined by the Griess reaction using flow injection analysis. 1-Hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(N-methyl-3-aminopropyl)-3-methyl-1-triazene (NOC-7) was used as NO generator. The Griess reagent stoichiometrically reacts with NO2-, which was converted by a cadmium-copper reduction column from the stable end products of NO oxidation. Except for tryptophan. all the compounds examined scavenged NO in a dose-dependent manner. Melatonin, which has a methoxy group in the 5-position and an acetyl side chain, exhibited the most potent scavenging activity among the compounds tested. Serotonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5-hydroxytryptophan. respectively, showed moderate scavenging activity compared to melatonin. Tryptophan, which has neither a methoxy nor a hydroxyl group in the 5-position, exhibited the least NO scavenging activity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Noda, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 251 Life Sci Addit, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 44 TC 128 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0742-3098 J9 J PINEAL RES JI J. Pineal Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 27 IS 3 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1999.tb00611.x PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 247ZE UT WOS:000083250200005 PM 10535765 ER PT J AU Saunders, PA Porter, KG Taylor, BE AF Saunders, PA Porter, KG Taylor, BE TI Population dynamics of Daphnia spp. and implications for trophic interactions in a small, monomictic lake SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL SUCCESSION; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; TROPICAL ZOOPLANKTON; FOOD QUALITY; BODY-SIZE; CLADOCERANS; CONSEQUENCES; CRUSTACEANS; ASSEMBLAGES; THRESHOLDS AB In Lake Oglethorpe, Georgia, USA, herbivorous crustacean zooplankton are abundant and dominate zooplankton biomass in winter, but are scarce throughout most of the summer. We used a 3.5 year study of Daphnia population dynamics to infer when food, predators or temperature constrained growth of this population. Transitions between winter and summer consumer assemblages are concurrent with seasonal changes in water temperature, thermal structure (stratification/destratification), resources (autotrophic/heterotrophic-dominated production), and predator abundance and activity (e.g. Lepomis macrochirus and Chaoborus punctipennis). We sampled at weekly or less intervals from April 1992 to September 1995, and determined population abundances for all cladoceran species. For the Daphnia population (Daphnia ambigua + Daphnia parvula), we measured clutch size and length for all individuals. We used average water column temperature (where dissolved oxygen is >1 mg l(-1)) to estimate egg development time from an empirical model. Estimates of Daphnia population birth and death rate were thus generated from abundance, egg ratio and temperature/dissolved oxygen data. We compared observed birth rate (b(obs)) with expected birth rate (b(exp) +/- 95% CI; predicted for food-saturated conditions at ambient temperature). For variable (1-13 week) periods between late November and March, 1992-1995, water temperature was the primary factor constraining Daphnia population growth (b(obs) = b(exp)) From about April to early November, b(obs) < b(exp) suggested food-limited population growth. In spring, summer and early fall (March-October), population densities were several-fold lower than in late fall and winter (November-February). However, all else being equal, egg ratio and population birth rate data would have predicted that Daphnia abundance fluctuates over equivalent ranges in spring and fall. We interpret this discrepancy as evidence for increased rates of extrinsic mortality during the growing season and a seasonal shift in the relative importance of resource and predator regulation. The duration of predator suppression of crustacean population abundance in Lake Oglethorpe and other warm-latitude lakes (similar to 36 degrees N-27 degrees S) is longer (greater than or equal to 3-7 months) than that observed in north temperate lakes (1-2.5 months; 41-52 degrees N). C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Saunders, PA (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St Johns, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1823 EP 1845 DI 10.1093/plankt/21.10.1823 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 247RX UT WOS:000083234700002 ER PT J AU Spellman, GP Carley, JF Lopez, LA AF Spellman, GP Carley, JF Lopez, LA TI Vacuum deposition of parylene films: Influence of process factors and baffling on film-thickness distribution SO JOURNAL OF PLASTIC FILM & SHEETING LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-DEPOSITION; P-XYLYLENES; THIN-FILMS; MODEL AB Deposition in vacuum of poly(paraxylylene)-PPX or "Parylene"-and derivative polymers from dimer that have been ionized and vaporized is a process used for over 35 years to form protective and insulating coatings on electronic and other devices and to generate extremely thin, pinhole-free films. Coating thickness has been asserted to be highly uniform, but with scant data in the literature. We investigated thickness distribution in a series of coating runs in each of which 60 or 80 small aluminum disks were positioned throughout the coating chamber. The processing factors tested were rate of coating, disk location (radius and altitude), flow-distribution devices, and whether the rack holding the disks was stationary or rotated. In the initial sequence of five runs, 320 film thicknesses were determined. Some findings include: (1) film thickness was heaviest at chamber midheight, diminishing symmetrically toward top and bottom by as much as 25%, and, less strongly, inward from wall to axis. (2) Disk orientation-whether vertical, horizontal, or at 45 degrees-did not affect film thickness. (3) Rotation of the rack eliminated an inlet-to-outlet downslope of thickness. (4) Dividing the chamber with a midplane separator, together with special inlet and takeoff distributors, reduced the total range of thickness from 40% to 25% of the average. A thickness variation of less than +/-10% is possible by positioning objects in a limited vertical range and while preventing shadowing. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carley, JF (reprint author), 579 Ruby Rd, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 8756-0879 J9 J PLAST FILM SHEET JI J. Plast. Film Sheeting PD OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 308 EP 328 DI 10.1106/YA78-996T-WE2E-FR71 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 309RB UT WOS:000086782100004 ER PT J AU Nagasubramanian, G Jungst, RG Doughty, DH AF Nagasubramanian, G Jungst, RG Doughty, DH TI Impedance, power, energy, and pulse performance characteristics of small commercial Li-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Li-ion; ragone data; impedance ID LITHIUM; BATTERIES; ELECTRODES AB Electrochemical properties of cylindrical (18650, 17500) and prismatic (48.3 x 25.4 x 7.6 mm) Li-ion cells from different manufacturers including A&T, Panasonic, Polystor, Sanyo, and Sony were studied. Impedance and pulse characteristics of these cells were evaluated for three open circuit voltages (OCVs): 4.1 V (fully charged), 3.6 V (partially discharged), and 3.1 V (nearly completely discharged) in the temperature regime +35 degrees C to -40 degrees C. The cell ohmic resistance was nearly constant from +35 degrees C to -20 degrees C, but increased by 2-3 times at - 40 degrees C. For example, the cylindrical Sony cells showed an average bulk resistance of similar to 80 m Omega between 35 degrees C and -20 degrees C and similar to 290 m Omega at -40 degrees C for the three OCVs studied. The cell ohmic resistance remained nearly constant with OCV. The NyQuist plot (real vs. imaginary impedance) showed, at high frequencies (2.7-65 kHz), an inductive segment characteristic of a porous electrode and/or a jelly-roll cell design. The NyQuist plots also showed two ill-defined loops, a smaller loop at higher frequencies attributed to the anode electrolyte interface and a larger loop at lower frequencies due to the cathode electrolyte interface. A smaller charge transfer resistance (R-ct) at the anode is indicated and the performance of the cell may be improved by reducing the interfacial resistances, in general. Ragone plots, relating energy density and power density or specific power and specific energy, were also constructed to compare the performance characteristics of these cell types. In the current range studied (20-1000 mA), the energy/power performance of both A&T and Panasonic cells is better than the rest. For these two cells, the power (W/kg or W/1) didn't reach a plateau in the current range studied. These data should be considered, however, in the context that the A&T and Panasonic cells may be newer (later generation) than the other cells used in this study. However, at higher currents (> 2 A) and at lower temperatures, for the Panasonic cells, power reaches a plateau. This behavior is also true for the A&T cells. The cells were pulsed at different temperatures both as a function of OCV and current pulse amplitude. The cell voltage drop is almost linear with pulse current at ambient and slightly subambient temperatures. However, at lower temperatures, the voltage drop is nonlinear with pulse current, suggesting that the contribution of charge transfer resistance to the overall cell impedance under load is nontrivial. In addition, the cell voltage drop for a given current pulse increases with depth of discharge. For example, for a 500 mA pulse at 4.1 V, 3.6 V, and 3.1 V, the Panasonic cells showed an average voltage drop of 94 mV, 130 mV, and 200 mV, respectively, at room temperature. A similar observation was made for the other Li-ion cells. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery Res & Dev Dept 2521, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nagasubramanian, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery Res & Dev Dept 2521, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT PY 1999 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00296-7 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 254XX UT WOS:000083640500027 ER PT J AU Menezes, RSC Gascho, GJ Hanna, WW AF Menezes, RSC Gascho, GJ Hanna, WW TI N fertilization for pearl millet grain in the southern Coastal Plain SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [R.] Br.) has potential as a grain crop in the U.S. Southeast because it is particularity adapted to acid, sandy Coastal Plain soils. Information is needed, though, on the effect of N fertilization on pearl millet grain and protein yields in the region. We conducted field studies for 2 years at three locations in the Coastal Plain of Georgia to observe pearl millet response to varying rates and times of N fertilizer application. The N-rate studies included 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 lb N/acre, applied 20 d after planting. Nitrogen time-of-application studies were also conducted as randomized complete blocks arranged in split-plots with N fertilizer rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200 lb/acre as the main plots. Subplots were time of N application, with treatments of 100% at planting, 33% at planting plus 67% at 20 d after planting, and 33% at planting plus 33% at 20 d after planting plus 34% at 40 d after planting. We found that pearl millet grain and protein yields increased in response to N rates as great as 100 lb/acre in experiments that had adequate rainfall and inadequate residual mineral-N in the soil profile. Grain yields decreased with increasing N fertilization, though, in experiments that were affected by drought, were planted late, and had greater amounts of mineral-N in the soil profile. However, in two of these experiments, the increase in seed protein content with N fertilization resulted in increased protein yields in spite of the grain yield reduction with greater N fertilization. Splitting the application of N fertilizer to apply one third at planting and two thirds 20 d after planting increased grain and protein yields in comparison to application of all the N at planting. C1 Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Menezes, RSC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM romulo@nrel.colostate.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 12 IS 4 BP 671 EP 676 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 278MQ UT WOS:000084993900022 ER PT J AU Dewberry, RA Bibler, NE DiPrete, DP AF Dewberry, RA Bibler, NE DiPrete, DP TI Measured Ni-63 contents in Savannah River Site high level waste and Defense Waste Processing Facility glass product by Ni-selective ion exchange purification and beta-decay counting SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB We describe tests of EiChrom Industries' Ni-selective ion exchange resin for use in analysis of Ni-63 in Savannah River Site high level waste. We report measurement of 63Ni content in two sets of Savannah River Site glass product from the Defense Waste Processing Facility. The Ni-63 beta-decay activity was chemically separated in quintuplicate from fission product and plutonium alpha-beta activities of up to 10(3) times the observed 63Ni content. The separation used a Ni-dimethlyglyoxime precipitation followed by radiochemical purification using the Ni-selective extraction chromatography resin. Further removal of interfering activity was based on diagnosis of observed radioactivity in each successive product phase. We analyzed eleven plant glass product samples using seven spiked standard addition duplicates to measure Ni-63 recovery in the separations. Selected liquid scintillation beta-decay spectra are shown to validate the method. Interpretation of accuracy is based upon three distinct comparisions to predicted Ni-63 content. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Dewberry, RA (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 242 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1007/BF02345897 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 247VM UT WOS:000083241700011 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Clem, PG Rodriguez, MA Tuttle, BA Heagy, MD AF Boyle, TJ Clem, PG Rodriguez, MA Tuttle, BA Heagy, MD TI Neo-pentoxide precursor synthesis, solution preparation, and electronic properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films derived from a solution route SO JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BST; sol-gel; thin films; tunable dielectric ID X-RAY STRUCTURES; FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS; BARIUM-TITANATE; PHASE SHIFTERS; CAPACITORS AB We have recently isolated the neo-pentoxide (HOCH2CMe3, ONp) derivatives of Ba, Sr, and Ti as Ba-4(ONp)(8)(HONp)(6)(py)(2), Sr-5(O)(ONp)(8)(Solv)(5) (Solv = solvent), and Ti-2(ONp)(8), respectively. The combination of these precursors were found to be readily soluble in a wide range of solvents and thus were excellent candidates for preparation of barium strontium titanate ((Ba,Sr)TiO3 or BST) thin films using spin-cast deposition techniques. The highest quality BST films for this system were generated from ternary mixtures dissolved in either pyridine or pyridine/toluene. By in situ VT-GIXRD analysis it was determined that the perovskite phase of BST was readily formed at 650 degrees C. The electronic properties of films crystallized at 700 degrees C indicated that the thin films (300 nm) possessed a dielectric constant of 120 (tan delta = 0.03) with a tunability of 29% at +/- 10 V. 300 nm films (700 degrees C) which had been generated from a standard BST solution modified with a novel tridentate ligand, had a higher dielectric constant of 180 and a tunability of 35% at +/- 10 V. The collective characteristics of these precursors offer an attractive alternative to the more complex, less stable sol-gel precursors currently in use. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0707 J9 J SOL-GEL SCI TECHN JI J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1023/A:1008730801392 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 260UE UT WOS:000083971200007 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Kim, DJ Im, J Kim, CE Kingon, AI AF Kim, SH Kim, DJ Im, J Kim, CE Kingon, AI TI Ferroelectric properties of new chemical solution derived SBT thin films for non-volatile memory devices SO JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ferroelectricity; chemical solution; alkanolamine; SBT; imprint; fatigue ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SRBI2TA2O9; CAPACITORS; FATIGUE; ELECTRODES; MECHANISM; SYSTEM; LAYER; STATE AB Ferroelectric SBT (Sr/Bi/Ta = 0.8/2.3/2) thin films on Pt/ZrO2/SiO2/Si were successfully prepared by using an alkanolamine modified chemical solution deposition method. Acetic acid as a solvent led to the formation of water in the solution, which might continuously induce the hydrolysis and condensation of the precursors, leading to reducing the stability of the solution with aging time. It was observed that alkanolamine provided the stability to the SBT solution by retarding the hydrolysis and condensation rates. This solution could be used as long as up to 30 days without any appreciable change of the solution properties. The typical hysteresis loop of SBT thin films was obtained at 2 V, and it was fully saturated even below an applied voltage of 3 V (2P(r) approximate to 16 mu C/cm(2)). The measured 2P(r) value of the SBT thin film at 5 V was almost 20 mu C/cm(2). Fatigue and breakdown characteristics of the films, measured at 5 V, showed a stable behavior, and negligible degradation was observed up to 10(10) cycles. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI KIM, DONG-JOO/C-2277-2008 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0707 J9 J SOL-GEL SCI TECHN JI J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1023/A:1008748718231 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 260UE UT WOS:000083971200008 ER PT J AU Lakeman, CDE Ruffner, JA Boyle, TJ AF Lakeman, CDE Ruffner, JA Boyle, TJ TI Stress measurements and processing optimization for solution derived SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films SO JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SBT; stress measurements; thinfilm ID FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES; CAPACITORS AB The development of stress in the SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) films generated from a chemical solution deposition method was monitored during processing using wafer curvature measurements. Stress measurements of the entire Si/SiO2/Pt/SBT stack revealed an overall tensile stress of similar to 536 MPa. The greatest increase in tensile stress was recorded for the anneal of the Pt bottom electrode and was due to the thermal expansion mismatch. Deposition of an amorphous SBT layer on the Pt, followed by a low temperature anneal (300 degrees C), had little overall effect on the stress of the stack; however, upon crystallization, significantly more tensile stress was introduced into the stack. To further investigate the effect that stress has on the various electrical properties SBT films, wafers with different stress states were produced and SBT films deposited on them. Initial investigations indicate that SBT films on wafers with a higher tensile stress displayed improved ferroelectric hysteresis and switchable polarization. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75265 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0707 J9 J SOL-GEL SCI TECHN JI J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1023/A:1008765221865 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 260UE UT WOS:000083971200011 ER PT J AU Shen, CP Mayorga, SG Biagioni, R Piskoti, C Ishigami, M Zettl, A Bartlett, N AF Shen, CP Mayorga, SG Biagioni, R Piskoti, C Ishigami, M Zettl, A Bartlett, N TI Intercalation of hexagonal boron nitride by strong oxidizers and evidence for the metallic nature of the products SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE boron nitride; intercalation; metallic; oxidation AB Hexagonal boron nitride, h-BN, is intercalated, at similar to 20 degrees C, by S2O6F2 (the source of the powerfully oxidizing SO3F. radical) to give a deep blue solid (BN)(similar to 3)SO3F, which is a temperature-independent paramagnet (x(g) approximate to 55.2 x 10(-6) cgs units). Four probe conductivity measurements on an intercalated piece of highly oriented pyrolytic BN (HOPBN) have established an approximate doubling of the conductivity with temperature decrease from 295 to 77 K. The low conductivity (sigma(295K) = 1.5 S cm(-1)) is attributed to high effective carrier mass deriving from poor P pi(N)-P pi(B) overlap and consequent narrow band character. The conductivity at 295 K of a graphite relative of composition Csimilar to 8.5SO3F made from a HOPG chip was found to be 1.1 x 10(5) S cm(-1), and at 77 K it was found to be 3.1 x 10(5) S cm(-1) Other blue, poorly conductive h-BN intercalation compounds have been obtained using SbF5/F-2 mixtures on h-BN, and from AsF5 on (BN)(similar to 3)SO3F, but they are of unknown composition. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shen, CP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 147 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1006/jssc.1999.8176 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 250CZ UT WOS:000083372600010 ER PT J AU Woodward, PM Sleight, AW Du, LS Grey, CP AF Woodward, PM Sleight, AW Du, LS Grey, CP TI Structural studies and order-disorder phenomenon in a series of new quaternary tellurates of the type A(2+)M(4+)Te(6+)O(6) and A(2)(1+)M(4+)Te(6+)O(6) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MIXED TELLURATES; INTENSITIES; NMR AB Five new compounds in the A(x)MTeO(6) family were prepared and structurally characterized: Li2GeTeO6, Na2TiTeO6, Na2SnTeO6, and two forms of Na2GeTeO6, All compounds are layered structures based on various stacking arrangements of MTeO62- layers. The structures of BaGeTeO6 and SrGeTeO6 were also determined. The former compound was found to contain Ba2+ in trigonal prismatic coordination, in agreement with previous literature reports, while SrGeTeO6 contains Sr2+ in octahedral coordination and is not isostructural with BaGeTeO6 as was previously reported. Structural characterizations were carried out using a variety of tools, including Rietveld refinements of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data, solid-state MASNMR, and Raman and infrared spectroscopy. With the exception of M = Ti4+, the MTeO62- layers show a high degree of order between M4+ and Te6+ cations within the layers, but the stacking faults are generally present, which results in a significant decrease in the long-range ordering of the M4+ and Te6+ cations in the third dimension, The compound K2-xNaxTiTeO6 was prepared by reacting Na2TiTeO6 and KNO3 under hydrothermal conditions at 200 degrees C in a Teflon-lined Parr bomb. This compound adopts a pyrochlore structure with cell edge 10.18 Angstrom. NMR measurements indicate a disordered Ti/Te distribution. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Woodward, PM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Newman & Wolfrom Lab, 100 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 147 IS 1 BP 99 EP 116 DI 10.1006/jssc.1999.8183 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 250CZ UT WOS:000083372600014 ER PT J AU Zeng, Z Greenblatt, M Sunstrom, JE Croft, M Khalid, S AF Zeng, Z Greenblatt, M Sunstrom, JE Croft, M Khalid, S TI Giant magnetoresistance in CaCu3Mn4O12-based oxides with perovskite-type structure SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LAYERED MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; CA-MN-O; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CR INTERLAYERS; THIN-FILMS; FE LAYERS; SUPERLATTICES; MULTILAYERS; TL2MN2O7 AB Ca0.5Na0.5Cu2.5Mn4.5O12, CaCu3-xMn4+xO12 (0.5 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 2) were prepared at 700 degrees C and 2600 PSI by combined sol-gel and high oxygen pressure methods. CaCu0.5Mn6.5O12 and CaMn7O12 (x = 2.5 and 3) were prepared by solid state reactions in evacuated quartz tubes at 900 degrees C, These compounds crystallize in a body-centered cubic variant of the perovskite structure except for CaMn7O12, which has rhombohedral symmetry, The oxidation states of Cu and Mn were investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and chemical analysis. The oxidation state of Mn is near 4+ in Ca0.5Na0.5Cu2.5Mn4.5O12 and decreases with increasing x, Ca0.5Na0.5Cu2.5Mn4.5O12, CaCu2.5Mn4.5O12 (x = 0.5), and CaCu1.5Mn5.5O12 (x = 1.5) undergo a semiconductor-to-metal transition (T-SM), CaCu2Mn5O12 (x = 1.0) is metallic, while the 2.0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 3.0 phases are semiconducting in the range 10-400 K, All of the materials (except the x = 2.5 and 3.0) undergo a paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic-like transition below their ordering temperatures (T-C). The CaCu0.5Mn6.5O12 and CaMn7O12 (x = 2.5 and 3.0) materials order antiferromagnetically at (T-N) 40 and 20 K, respectively. The magnetic and resistivity results are summarized in a T-x phase diagram. The ordering temperatures decrease with increasing Mn3+ content, hence the double exchange mechanism does not appear to govern the ferromagnetic ordering. The highest magnetoresistance reaches a maximum of - 32% for Ca0.5Na0.5Cu2.5Mn4.5O12 and is - 28% for CaCu2.5Mn4.5O12 at 4.2 K and 5 T. In general, the magnetoresistance does not occur at the semiconductor-to-metal transition and it decreases smoothly with increasing temperature or x, These materials show high sensitivity of the magnetoresistance at low applied magnetic fields and good temperature stability of the magnetoresistance, (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Greenblatt, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. NR 40 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 147 IS 1 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1006/jssc.1999.8212 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 250CZ UT WOS:000083372600023 ER PT J AU Salem-Sugui, S Goretta, KC AF Salem-Sugui, S Goretta, KC TI Study of flux-creep in bulk melt-textured YBa2Cu3Ox in the regime of individual pinning SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE flux creep; magnetic relaxation; YBa2Cu3Ox ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; CRITICAL STATE; DEPENDENCE AB Magnetic relaxation, with magnetic fields applied parallel to the c axis, was measured in a high-quality melt-textured YBa2Cu3Ox bar. Zero-field-cooled magnetization-versus-time data were obtained within a regime of field and temperatures dominated by single vortex pinning. The activation pinning energy U = U-M was calculated from experimental data and compared to U = U(0)ln(J(c)/J), where U, is a constant, J(c) is the critical current density, and J the current density. This expression for U obtains within the individual pinning regime. A logarithmic dependence of U-M on J was found, and the data indicated that a scaling function of U-M, g(T/T-c) = (1 - T/T-c)(1/2), was appropriate for describing the single-vortex pinning regime. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Salem-Sugui, S (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 68528, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 12 IS 5 BP 661 EP 665 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 239RU UT WOS:000082784100009 ER PT J AU Swift, GW Spoor, PS AF Swift, GW Spoor, PS TI Thermal diffusion and mixture separation in the acoustic boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID THERMOACOUSTIC ENGINES AB Oscillating thermal diffusion in a sound wave in a mixture of two gases is remarkably effective for separating the components of the mixture. We consider this separation process in boundary-layer approximation, with zero temperature gradient and zero concentration gradient along the direction of sound propagation. In the boundary layer, the combination of thermal diffusion with the oscillating temperature gradient and oscillating velocity gradient leads to second-order time-averaged fluxes of the two components of the mixture in opposite directions, parallel to the wave-propagation direction. The oscillating thermal diffusion also adds to the dissipation of acoustic power in the boundary layer, modifying thermal-relaxation dissipation but leaving viscous dissipation unchanged. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)03110-0]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swift, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 106 IS 4 BP 1794 EP 1800 DI 10.1121/1.427929 PN 1 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 244VK UT WOS:000083071300019 ER PT J AU Edgerton, SA Bian, X Doran, JC Fast, JD Hubbe, JM Malone, EL Shaw, WJ Whiteman, CD Zhong, S Arriaga, JL Ortiz, E Ruiz, M Sosa, G Vega, E Limon, T Guzman, F Archuleta, J Bossert, JE Elliot, SM Lee, JT McNair, LA Chow, JC Watson, JG Coulter, RL Doskey, PV Gaffney, JS Marley, NA Neff, W Petty, R AF Edgerton, SA Bian, X Doran, JC Fast, JD Hubbe, JM Malone, EL Shaw, WJ Whiteman, CD Zhong, S Arriaga, JL Ortiz, E Ruiz, M Sosa, G Vega, E Limon, T Guzman, F Archuleta, J Bossert, JE Elliot, SM Lee, JT McNair, LA Chow, JC Watson, JG Coulter, RL Doskey, PV Gaffney, JS Marley, NA Neff, W Petty, R TI Particulate air pollution in Mexico City: A collaborative research project SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID QUALITY AB PM10, PM2.5, precursor gas, and upper-air meteorological measurements were taken in Mexico City, Mexico, from February 23 to March 22, 1997 to understand concentrations and chemical compositions of the city's particulate matter (PM). Average 24-hr PM10 concentrations over the period of study at the core sites in the city were 75 mu g/m(3). The 24-hr standard of 150 mu g/m(3) was exceeded for seven samples taken during the study period; the maximum 24-hr concentration measured was 542 mu g/m(3). Nearly half of the PM10 was composed of fugitive dust from roadways, construction, and bare land. About 50% of the PM10 consisted of PM2.5, with higher percentages during the morning hours. Organic and black carbon constituted up to half of the PM2.5. PM concentrations were highest during the early morning and after sunset, when the mixed layers were shallow. Meteorological measurements taken during the field campaign show that on most days air was transported out of the Mexico City basin during the afternoon with little day-to-day carryover. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Inst Mexicano Petr, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Dept Energy, Germantown, MD USA. RP Edgerton, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010; Neff, William/E-2725-2010; Sosa, Gustavo/F-3912-2015 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899; Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076; Sosa, Gustavo/0000-0002-4980-3491 NR 32 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 10 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1221 EP 1229 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 251KF UT WOS:000083444300008 PM 28060672 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Stan, M Conzone, SD Butt, DP AF Zhu, YT Stan, M Conzone, SD Butt, DP TI Thermal oxidation kinetics of MoSi2-based powders SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE REACTIONS; MOLYBDENUM DISILICIDE; TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; MOSI2 AB The oxidation process of MoSi2 is very complex, and controversial results have been reported, especially for the early-stage oxidation before the formation of passive SiO2 film. Most oxidation studies have been carried out on bulk consolidated samples, and the early stage of oxidation has not been studied. In this investigation, very fine MoSi2, powder with an average particle size of 1.6 mu m was used. Such a fine particle size makes it easier to study the early stages of oxidation since a significant portion of the powder is oxidized before the formation of passive SiO2 film. The oxidation kinetics of commercial MoSi2-SiC and MoSi2-Si3N4 powder mixtures were also studied for comparison. Weight changes were measured at discrete time intervals at 500 degrees to 1100 degrees C in 0.14 atm of oxygen. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the phases formed during oxidation, Our results show the formation of MoO3 phase and an associated weight gain at low temperatures (500 degrees and 600 degrees C). At temperatures higher than 900 degrees C, Mo5Si3 phase formed first and was subsequently oxidized to solid SiO2 and volatile MoO3, resulting in an initial weight gain followed by subsequent weight loss. A model based on the assumption that oxidation kinetics of both MoSi2 and Mo5Si3 are proportional to their fractions in the system describes the experimental data well. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 NR 23 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2785 EP 2790 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 291XB UT WOS:000085763700032 ER PT J AU Jiang, HG Zhu, YT Butt, DP AF Jiang, HG Zhu, YT Butt, DP TI Oxidation kinetics of hexagonal-shaped single-crystal silicon whiskers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NICALON FIBERS; THERMAL-OXIDATION; PASSIVE-OXIDATION; STABILITY AB The oxidation kinetics of hexagonal-shaped Si whiskers at high temperature were studied. Si whiskers mere oxidized at 1000 degrees C under a partial oxygen pressure of 0.14 atm, Oxide thickness was measured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A unique model was developed to describe the oxidation kinetics of hexagonal-shaped fibers. The model takes into account the inward diffusion of oxygen, oxidation reaction at the oxide/Si interface, and the fiber diameter change caused by the molar volume difference between SiO2 and Si. Comparison of the model with experimental data shows good agreement. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jiang, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2791 EP 2795 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 291XB UT WOS:000085763700033 ER PT J AU Bruck, HA Rabin, BH AF Bruck, HA Rabin, BH TI Evaluation of rule-of-mixtures predictions of thermal expansion in powder-processed Ni-Al2O3 composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITE; DAMAGED PARTICLES AB Ni-Al2O3 composites containing 5 to 80 vol% Ni were produced using ponder processing methods and their thermal expansion behavior was studied using dilatometry. By varying composition and relative particle sizes, either interpenetrating-phase or particle-reinforced microstructures were obtained. Experimentally determined values of the mean thermal expansion coefficient were compared with predictions made using two different rule-of-mixtures (ROM) formulations. Experimental results for interpenetrating-phase composites were in reasonable agreement with Linear ROM estimates. Certain particle-reinforced microstructures that contain processing-induced damage did not correlate as well with ROM predictions. By accounting for this damage in ROM I models, better agreement with experimental observations was obtained. However, linear ROIL I predictions were reasonable over the entire composition range. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Bruck, HA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2927 EP 2930 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 291XB UT WOS:000085763700058 ER PT J AU Hettich, RL AF Hettich, RL TI Formation and characterization of iron-oligonucleotide complexes with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION IONIZATION; GAS-PHASE; DNA; IRRADIATION AB Iron-containing oligonucleotide negative ions can be generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization from a stainless steel target disk (by either defocusing the laser beam or by mixing iron salts such as FeCl3 with the matrix compound during the sample preparation). High resolution mass measurements reveal the presence of both Fe2+ (as M + Fe - 3H)(-) and Fe3+ (as M + Fe - 4H)(-) in the metal-oligonucleotide ions. The presence of Fe3+ is unexpected, and must involve replacement of protons from the nucleic bases or ribose groups as well as the phosphate groups of the oligonucleotides. Inspection of a range of small oligonucleotides and mononucleotides reveals that the presence of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the iron-biomolecule complexes is dependent on the number of acidic hydrogens that can be replaced in the oligonucleotide or nucleotide. Collisional dissociation of several metal-tetranucleotide ions revealed that the presence of the iron ion alters the fragmentation observed. The iron atom was observed to be present in all of the fragment ions, and, whenever possible, seemed to enhance the abundance of fragment ions containing both iron and a guanine nucleic base. These results suggest that iron may serve as a useful probe for characterizing phosphorylated biomolecules. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1999, 10, 941-949) (C) 1999 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hettich, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 10 IS 10 BP 941 EP 949 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00073-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 236TK UT WOS:000082614500004 PM 10497807 ER PT J AU Duan, YX Danen, RE Yan, XM Steiner, R Cuadrado, J Wayne, D Majidi, V Olivares, JA AF Duan, YX Danen, RE Yan, XM Steiner, R Cuadrado, J Wayne, D Majidi, V Olivares, JA TI Characterization of an improved thermal ionization cavity source for mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ION-SOURCE; SURFACE-IONIZATION; HOT CAVITY AB A new thermal ionization source for use with a quadrupole mass spectrometer has been designed and characterized. The new source provides significant advantages over the previously reported prototype source and traditional filament-type thermal ionization sources. The operational interface between the source and the quadrupole mass spectrometer has been redesigned. A vacuum interlock, a translational stage, and an adjustable insertion probe are added to improve the source performance. With these modifications, the source is easier to operate while maximizing sample throughput. In this work, the performance of the newly developed source is examined. The ionization efficiencies are measured with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The efficiency values obtained with this system are comparable to those obtained from a large scale isotope separator. The relationships among the ionization potential, vapor pressure, and measured ionization efficiency results are discussed. The crucible lifetime has been quantitatively estimated by measuring the crucible sputtering rate. Diagnostic studies of the new source show that the crucible position is a crucial parameter for sensitivity and performance. Stability tests demonstrate that the source can be run several weeks at a fixed emission current without significant degradation. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1999, 10, 1008-1015) (C) 1999 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Inorgan Trace Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olivares, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Inorgan Trace Anal Grp, CST-9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1008 EP 1015 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00065-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 236TK UT WOS:000082614500012 ER PT J AU Cho, J Thackeray, MM AF Cho, J Thackeray, MM TI Structural changes of LiMn2O4 spinel electrodes during electrochemical cycling SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; LI/LIMN2O4 CELLS; CATHODE; TEMPERATURE; CARBONATES; DISCHARGE; INSERTION; PHASE AB Structural changes of LiMn2O4 spinel electrodes have been investigated in 4 V Li/LixMn2O4 cells by X-ray diffraction during prolonged electrochemical cycling between 4.5 and 3.4 V at room temperature. The capacity fade that is observed during cycling is attributed, at least partly, to disproportionation reactions at the particle surface of discharged LixMn2O4 electrodes, resulting in a soluble MnO component. The disproportionation reactions are described with respect to the Li-Mn-O phase diagram. The data support recent reports that Li2Mn2O4 can be formed at the electrode surface slightly above 3 V when cells are discharged and charged at high rates. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)03-007-4. All rights reserved. C1 Samsung Display Devices Co, Chonan City, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cho, J (reprint author), Samsung Display Devices Co, Chonan City, South Korea. RI Cho, Jaephil/E-4265-2010 NR 23 TC 127 Z9 133 U1 4 U2 71 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 146 IS 10 BP 3577 EP 3581 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245UK UT WOS:000083126400007 ER PT J AU Ticianelli, EA Mukerjee, S McBreen, J Adzic, GD Johnson, JR Reilly, JJ AF Ticianelli, EA Mukerjee, S McBreen, J Adzic, GD Johnson, JR Reilly, JJ TI Reaction kinetics and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of yttrium-containing metal hydride electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE ALLOYS; GALVANOSTATIC DISCHARGE; SURFACE CONCENTRATION; EVOLUTION REACTION; OXYGEN REDUCTION; IMPEDANCE; BATTERIES; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB This is a study of electrode degradation mechanisms and reaction kinetics of LaNi4.7Sn0.3, La(1-x)YxNi4.7Sn0.3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) and La0.7Y0.3Ni4.6Sn0.3Co0.1 metal hydride electrodes. Alloy characterization included X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption (XAS), hydrogen absorption in a Sieverts apparatus, and electrochemical cycling of alloy electrodes. The atomic volume of H was determined for two of the alloys. Electrochemical kinetic measurements were melds using steady-stare galvanostatic measurements, galvanodynamic sweep, and electrochemical impedance techniques. XAS was used to examine the degree of corrosion of the alloys with cycling. Alloying with Y decreased the corrosion rate. The results are consistent with corrosion inhibition by a Y-containing passive film. The increase in the exchange current density of the hydrogen oxidation reaction with increasing depth of discharge was much greater on the Y-containing alloys. This may be due to the dehydriding of the catalytic species on the surface of the metal hydride particles. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)01-045-9. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ticianelli, EA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Ticianelli, Edson/D-1560-2012 OI Ticianelli, Edson/0000-0003-3432-2799 NR 33 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 146 IS 10 BP 3582 EP 3590 DI 10.1149/1.1392518 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245UK UT WOS:000083126400008 ER PT J AU Sandi, G Carrado, KA Winans, RE Johnson, CS Csencsits, R AF Sandi, G Carrado, KA Winans, RE Johnson, CS Csencsits, R TI Carbons for lithium battery applications prepared using sepiolite as an inorganic template SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERIZATION; PALYGORSKITE; INSERTION; CLAYS AB Carbon anodes for Li-ion cells were prepared by the in situ polymerization of olefins such as propylene and ethylene in the channels of a sepiolite clay mineral. Upon dissolution of the inorganic framework, a disordered carbon was obtained. The carbon was tested as an anode in coin cells, yielding an average reversible capacity of 633 mAh/g discounting the first cycle, which is 1.70 times higher than the capacity delivered by graphitic carbon assuming 100% efficiency. The coulombic efficiency was higher than 90%. Morphologies of the clay, carbon/clay composite, and final carbon were examined by TEM. The structure of the carbon and its electrochemical performance were monitored in situ by small angle x-ray scattering. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)02-101-1. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 146 IS 10 BP 3644 EP 3648 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245UK UT WOS:000083126400017 ER PT J AU Sun, X Lee, HS Yang, XQ McBreen, J AF Sun, X Lee, HS Yang, XQ McBreen, J TI Comparative studies of the electrochemical and thermal stability of two types of composite lithium battery electrolytes using boron-based anion receptors SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION-PAIR DISSOCIATION; NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; CONDUCTIVITY; SALTS; FAMILY AB Comparative studies were done on two new types of boron based anion receptors, tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (TFPB) and tris(pentafluorophenyl) berate (TFPBO), regarding conductivity enhancement, and electrochemical and thermal stability when used as additives in composite electrolytes for lithium batteries. Both additives enhance the ionic conductivity of electrolytes of simple lithium salts, LiF CF3CO2Li, and C2F5CO2Li in several organic solvents. The electrochemical windows of TPFB based electrolytes in ethylene carbonate-propylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate (1:1:3, v/v) are up to 5, 4.76, and 4.96 V for LiF CF3CO2Li, and C2F5CO2Li, respectively. TPFBO has Tower electrochemical stability compared to TPFB. The thermal stability of pure TFPB is better than TFPBO. Complexation with the salt improves the thermal stability of these additives. TPFB based electrolytes showed high cycling efficiencies and good cycleability when they were tested in Li/LiMn2O4 cells. TFPBO based electrolytes were tested in Li/LiNiO2 cells; the cells delivered high discharge capacity and good cycling efficiencies. The capacity retention of the cells using TFPB based electrolytes during multiple cycling is better than those using TFPBO based electrolytes. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)04-036-7. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 146 IS 10 BP 3655 EP 3659 DI 10.1149/1.1392529 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245UK UT WOS:000083126400019 ER PT J AU Darling, R Newman, J AF Darling, R Newman, J TI Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of diffusion in LiyMn2O4 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ADSORBATE ADSORBATE INTERACTIONS; AQUEOUS-PHASE; PT/LAMBDA-MNO2 ELECTRODE; LITHIUM INSERTION; LI+ INSERTION; SPINEL PHASE; COEFFICIENTS AB Monte Carlo techniques are used to simulate the thermodynamics and diffusion of Li in the intercalation compound LiyMn2O4.. Results are presented for stoichiometric LiyMn2O4 and for Li-rich LiyMn2O4 containing pinned Li. The predicted theoretical open-circuit potential compares favorably with literature results. The influence of Li-Li interactions on the activation energy leads to a diffusion coefficient that depends upon concentration. The diffusion coefficient is interpreted in terms of a thermodynamic factor and a binary interaction parameter. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)04-094-X. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Darling, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 146 IS 10 BP 3765 EP 3772 DI 10.1149/1.1392547 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245UK UT WOS:000083126400037 ER PT J AU Hays, DC Jung, KB Hahn, YB Lambers, ES Pearton, SJ Donahue, J Johnson, D Shul, RJ AF Hays, DC Jung, KB Hahn, YB Lambers, ES Pearton, SJ Donahue, J Johnson, D Shul, RJ TI Comparison of F-2-based gases for high-rate dry etching of Si SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOPED POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; RATE CONSTANTS; DEEP; ATOMS AB Four different F-2-based gases (SF6, NF3, PF5, and BF3) were examined for high rate inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of Si. Etch rates up to similar to 8 mu m/min were achieved with pure SF6 discharges at high source power (1500 W) and pressure (35 mTorr). A direct comparison of the four feedstock gases under the same plasma conditions showed the Si etch rate to increase in the order BF3 < NF3 < PF5 < SF6. This is in good correlation with the average bond energies of the gases, except for NF3, which is the least strongly bound. Optical emission spectroscopy showed that the ICP source efficiently dissociated NF3, but the etched Si surface morphologies were significantly worse with this gas than with the other three gases. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)03-045-1. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Plasma Therm, St Petersburg, FL 33716 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chonju 561756, South Korea. RP Hays, DC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 146 IS 10 BP 3812 EP 3816 DI 10.1149/1.1392556 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245UK UT WOS:000083126400046 ER PT J AU Eastman, MP Hughes, RC Yelton, G Ricco, AJ Patel, SV Jenkins, MW AF Eastman, MP Hughes, RC Yelton, G Ricco, AJ Patel, SV Jenkins, MW TI Application of the solubility parameter concept to the design of chemiresistor arrays SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER; TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITE; VAPOR AB Arrays of unheated chemically sensitive resistors (chemiresistors) can serve as extremely small, low-power consumption sensors with simple read-out electronics. We report here results on carbon-loaded polymer composites, as well as polymeric ionic conductors, as chemiresistor sensors. We use the solubility parameter concept to understand and categorize the chemiresistor responses and, in particular, we compare chemiresistors fabricated from polyisobutylene (PIB) to results from PIE-coated acoustic wave sensors. One goal is to examine the possibility that a small number of diverse chemiresistors can sense all possible solvents, the "universal solvent sensor array." (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)01-069-1. All rights reserved. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. ACLARA Biosci Inc, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. RP Eastman, MP (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RI Ricco, Antonio/A-5273-2010; Eastman, Michael /C-2621-2011; Patel, Sanjay/D-2903-2014; OI Patel, Sanjay/0000-0001-9540-9957; Ricco, Antonio/0000-0002-2355-4984 NR 18 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 146 IS 10 BP 3907 EP 3913 DI 10.1149/1.1392571 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 245UK UT WOS:000083126400061 ER PT J AU Milonni, PW Fearn, H Telle, JM Fugate, RQ AF Milonni, PW Fearn, H Telle, JM Fugate, RQ TI Theory of continuous-wave excitation of the sodium beacon SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID LASER GUIDE STAR; ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB We extend our previous analysis of the sodium beacon [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 217 (1998)] to the case of continuous-wave excitation. Various effects that could be ignored in the case of pulsed excitation, such as the geomagnetic field, the recoil of the sodium atoms upon absorption and emission, and collisions of the sodium atoms with other mesospheric species, are included. Spin-relaxation collisions are among the most important of these effects for the cases considered. Analytical approximations to numerical results are presented, and using a semi-empirical estimate for Na-O-2 spin relaxation, we compute photon returns in good agreement with recently reported measurements at the Steward Observatory. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01209-0]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atom & Opt Theory Grp T4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92634 USA. RP Milonni, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atom & Opt Theory Grp T4, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2555 EP 2566 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.002555 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 240QL UT WOS:000082836600029 ER PT J AU Averitt, RD Westcott, SL Halas, NJ AF Averitt, RD Westcott, SL Halas, NJ TI Ultrafast optical properties of gold nanoshells SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON PHONON INTERACTION; SMALL METAL ISLANDS; PLASMON RESONANCE; SURFACE; FEMTOSECOND; NANOPARTICLES; DYNAMICS; SIZE; THERMALIZATION; AG AB We present the results of ultrafast pump-probe measurements on films of gold-coated gold sulfide nanoshells. The measured change in transmission (Delta T/T) agrees with theoretical calculations that relate the increase in the electron temperature to changes in the Drude and interband components of the gold shell dielectric function. The major contribution physically corresponds to modified screening of the d-band electrons by the conduction electrons in the gold shell. The electrons cool with a lifetime of similar to 1.6 ps, indicating a slower cooling rate than is observed in bulk gold. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)02710-1]. C1 Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Averitt, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Halas, Naomi/D-2935-2011 NR 39 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1814 EP 1823 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.001814 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 244VB UT WOS:000083070500030 ER PT J AU Averitt, RD Westcott, SL Halas, NJ AF Averitt, RD Westcott, SL Halas, NJ TI Linear optical properties of gold nanoshells SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENHANCED SPECTROSCOPY; COATED NANOPARTICLES; RESONANCES; INTERFACE; PARTICLES; MONOLAYERS; TRANSITION; COLLOIDS AB A metal nanoshell consists of a nanometer-scale dielectric core surrounded by a thin metallic shell. The plasmon resonance of metal nanoshells displays a geometric tunability controlled by the ratio of the core radius to the total radius. For gold-coated Au2S this ratio varies from 0.6 to 0.9, yielding a plasmon resonance tunable from 600 to greater than 1000 nm. Mie scattering theory for the nanoshell geometry quantitatively accounts for the observed plasmon resonance shifts and linewidths. In addition, the plasmon linewidth is shown to be dominated by electron surface scattering. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)02910-0]. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM raveritt@lanl.gov; westcott@rice.edu; halas@rice.edu RI Halas, Naomi/D-2935-2011 NR 42 TC 447 Z9 458 U1 11 U2 89 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1824 EP 1832 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.001824 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 244VB UT WOS:000083070500031 ER PT J AU Wang, XW Xu, XF Choi, SUS AF Wang, XW Xu, XF Choi, SUS TI Thermal conductivity of nanoparticle-fluid mixture SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TRANSFER; PARTICLES; SUSPENSION; SPHERES; OXIDE; FLOW AB Effective thermal conductivity of mixtures of fluids and nanometer-size particles is measured by a steady-state parallel-plate method. The tested fluids contain two types of nanoparticles, Al2O3 and CuO, dispersed in water, vacuum pump fluid, engine oil, and ethylene glycol. Experimental results show that the thermal conductivities of nanoparticle-fluid mixtures are higher than those of the base fluids. Using theoretical models of effective thermal conductivity of a mixture, we have demonstrated that the predicted thermal conductivities of nanoparticle-fluid mixtures are much lower than our measured data, indicating the deficiency in the existing models when used for nanoparticle-fluid mixtures. Possible mechanisms contributing to enhancement of the thermal conductivity of the mixtures are discussed. A more comprehensive theory is needed to fully explain the behavior of nanoparticle-fluid mixtures. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, XW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 29 TC 979 Z9 1020 U1 10 U2 93 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 BP 474 EP 480 DI 10.2514/2.6486 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 251KH UT WOS:000083444500009 ER PT J AU Anders, S Stammler, T Fong, W Chen, CY Bogy, DB Bhatia, CS Stohr, J AF Anders, S Stammler, T Fong, W Chen, CY Bogy, DB Bhatia, CS Stohr, J TI Study of tribochemical processes on hard disks using photoemission electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID ULTRA-HIGH-VACUUM; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SURFACE ORIENTATION; CARBON-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; DEGRADATION; POLYIMIDES; LUBRICANT; NEXAFS AB The interface between hard disk and slider involves mechanical and tribochemical processes between the hard carbon overcoat of the disk, the lubricant, and the carbon coated or uncoated slider surface. These processes have been studied by two related X-ray techniques-Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) using X-rays. NEXAFS allows studying the elemental composition and chemical bonding in a material, whereas PEEM combines this ability with imaging of the sample. Lubricated and unlubricated disks were worn under various conditions using carbon coated and uncoated sliders. The wear tracks on the hard disks were investigated using PEEM to find chemical and elemental changes caused by the wear. Local NEXAFS spectra taken in wear tracks using the PEEM microscope show no chemical changes on unlubricated disks, just a reduction of the hard carbon overcoat thickness. On lubricated disks remarkable chemical modifications of the lubricants caused by the wear are observed if the disks failed the wear tests. The chemical changes are manifested in a formation of various new carbon-oxygen (mostly carboxylic) bonds in the wear tracks and in a strong reduction of the amount of fluorine and carbon. The chemical modifications were only found inside the wear tracks and are clearly caused by the wear. It was found that lubricant degradation is not solely a mechanical process of molecule scission but accompanied by oxidation reactions. The chemical changes were strongly correlated to the tribological behavior of the disks: the worse the disks performed in the wear tests, the stronger were the chemical modifications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Comp Mech Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SSD IBM, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, Div Res, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Anders, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 961 EP 967 DI 10.1115/1.2834162 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 243WY UT WOS:000083021500047 ER PT J AU WoldeGabriel, G Keating, GN Valentine, GA AF WoldeGabriel, G Keating, GN Valentine, GA TI Effects of shallow basaltic intrusion into pyroclastic deposits, Grants Ridge, New Mexico, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE basaltic intrusion; pyroclastic deposits; Grants Ridge; New Mexico ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; NUMERICAL-MODELS; VOLCANIC FIELD; RARE-EARTH; RHYOLITES; MOBILITY; ELEMENTS; MAGMA AB A localized aureole up to 10 m wide developed around a 150-m-wide, 2.6 Ma basaltic plug at Grants Ridge, New Mexico. The plug intruded into nonwelded, pumice-rich compositionally homogenous tuff and volcaniclastic sediments of similar age (3.3 Ma). Color variation (pinkish to orange), strong local contact welding, brecciation, partial melting, and stoping characterize the host rock within the contact zone. Despite the high-temperature basaltic intrusion, there is no indication of extensive fluid-driven convective heat transfer and pervasive hydrothermal circulation and alteration of the country rock. The proportion of volcanic glass, loss on ignition (LOI), fluorine, iron, and some trace and rare earth element contents in the host rocks are somewhat depleted at the contact of the intrusion. Conversely, the degree of devitrification and the potassium content are higher along the contact. Vapor-phase expulsion of elemental species as complexes of fluoride, chloride, hydroxide, sulfide, and carbon dioxide may have been responsible for the minor depletion of the elements during the devitrification of silicic glass at near-solidus temperature related, to the basaltic intrusion. The results of finite-difference numerical modeling of the intrusion as a dry, conduction-dominated system agree well with geochemical and mineralogical data. Contact welding of the host rocks apparently occurred at temperatures > 700 degrees C under a density-driven lateral load of approximately 1 MPa, corresponding to the observed depth below the former ground surface of similar to 100 m. Other physical changes in the first 10 m of host rock, represented by partial devitrification and color changes, apparently occurred at temperatures of 500-600 degrees C, which probably persisted for up to 55 years after the emplacement of the basaltic plug. Devitrification is generally enhanced by the presence of aqueous fluids; however, the abundance of volcanic glass within a short distance (similar to 10 m) from the plug is consistent with our inference that the plug intruded into a dry (unsaturated) environment. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP WoldeGabriel, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Mail Stop D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 92 IS 3-4 BP 389 EP 411 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00087-6 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 257JM UT WOS:000083778800011 ER PT J AU Breshears, DD Barnes, FJ AF Breshears, DD Barnes, FJ TI Interrelationships between plant functional types and soil moisture heterogeneity for semiarid landscapes within the grassland/forest continuum: a unified conceptual model SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catastrophe theory; desertification; grassland/forest continuum; savanna; shrubland; woodland; soil moisture heterogeneity; plant community composition; plant functional types; Walter's two-layer hypothesis ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; WATER-BALANCE; VEGETATION SYSTEMS; PATAGONIAN STEPPE; SPATIAL PATTERN; ROOTING DEPTH; ARID SAVANNA; NEW-MEXICO; DYNAMICS; GRASS AB In semiarid landscapes, the ratio of herbaceous to woody plant biomass is a major determinant of ecosystem properties. This ratio depends to a large extent on the amount and spatial distribution of soil moisture that is available to plants, and these variables, in turn, are determined primarily by climate and land use. Current conceptual models for determining the ratio of herbaceous to woody plant biomass in semiarid plant communities are based either on differences in soil moisture with depth (vertical heterogeneity) from one site to another (Walter's two-layer model) or on differences in soil moisture between canopy and intercanopy patches at the same site (horizontal heterogeneity) that result from disturbances associated with land use (Schlesinger et al.'s model of desertification). We developed a model that unifies these two perspectives by relaxing two assumptions of Walter's two-layer model. First, our model recognizes that soil moisture varies horizontally between canopy and intercanopy patches, not only due to land-use disturbance, a general assumption of the Schlesinger et al. model, but also due to the physical nature of the canopy itself. Second, while retaining the general assumption of Walter that woody plants obtain moisture from deeper soil layers than do herbaceous plants, our model recognizes the existence of two types of woody plants: those that extract a substantial proportion of their moisture from deeper layers and those that extract mainly from shallower layers. By modifying the two-layer hypothesis to include four soil compartments and distinguishing between shallow- and deeper-rooted woody species, our model integrates three key concepts in semiarid ecology: (1) the proportion of woody cover increases as moisture in the deeper soil layers increases (Walter's two-layer hypothesis for coexistence of herbaceous and woody plants); (2) land use practices that cause a reduction in herbaceous vegetation and compaction of intercanopy soils lead to a long-term increase in the proportion of woody plants (Schlesinger et al.'s concept, or more generally, that at a given site multiple variations in the proportions of herbaceous and woody plant biomass are possible); and (3) changes in the ratios of herbaceous to woody plant biomass exhibit complex behavior (changes can happen quickly and are not directly reversible without intensive management). This integration of concepts results because rather than assuming a simple, one-way dependence of plant functional types on soil moisture heterogeneity, our model assumes an interdependence between the two: soil moisture heterogeneity constrains the composition of the plant community, which in turn modifies soil moisture heterogeneity. The four-compartment model that we propose enables, for the first time, an integrated picture of both dimensions of soil moisture heterogeneity - horizontal and vertical - and of the interdependence between soil moisture heterogeneity and the proportions of the plant functional types that make up a given plant community. This unified conceptual model can be applied to provide insight into the individual and the combined effects of climate and land use on semiarid plant communities within the grassland/forest continuum, which vary in the proportions of canopy and intercanopy patches. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Breshears, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Mail Stop J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 84 TC 130 Z9 153 U1 7 U2 74 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 14 IS 5 BP 465 EP 478 DI 10.1023/A:1008040327508 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 234XQ UT WOS:000082510000005 ER PT J AU Hershey, JN AF Hershey, JN TI Galileo's daughter: A historical memoir of science, faith, and love. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hershey, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 124 IS 16 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 242HG UT WOS:000082934000230 ER PT J AU Carver, EA Hamann, J Olsen, AS Stubbs, L AF Carver, EA Hamann, J Olsen, AS Stubbs, L TI Physical mapping of EMR1 and CD97 in human Chromosome 19 and assignment of Cd97 to mouse Chromosome 8 suggest an ancient genomic duplication SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID FAMILY; GENE; PROTEINS; RFX1; MAP C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Sch Biomed Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, CLB, NL-1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Expt & Clin Immunol Lab, NL-1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Stubbs, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD OCT PY 1999 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1039 EP 1040 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 238LB UT WOS:000082710800039 PM 10501980 ER PT J AU Johnson, KM Kortzinger, A Mintrop, L Duinker, JC Wallace, DWR AF Johnson, KM Kortzinger, A Mintrop, L Duinker, JC Wallace, DWR TI Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: measurement and internal consistency of underway TCO2 concentrations SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE total dissolved inorganic carbon; carbon cycle; marine CO2 system; North Atlantic Ocean ID ALTERNATE DETECTION METHODS; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; HIGH-ACCURACY MEASUREMENTS; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; SEA-WATER; SEAWATER; ACID; ALKALINITY; SYSTEM; OCEAN AB A coulometrically-based SOMMA system for the determination of total dissolved carbon dioxide (TCO2) in a continuous mode was designed and tested at sea. The new continuous technique approached the same high accuracy and reliability associated with prior discrete TCO2 measurements. During three cruises encompassing more than 19 weeks and 6000 continuous TCO2 measurements none of the three different systems tested exhibited any hardware-related failures. We found that coulometer cell lifetimes can greatly exceed prior expectations with many of the titration cells in the continuous mode remaining accurate for up to 72 h at carbon ages exceeding 50 mg C. We suggest a practical definition based on the CRM analyses for changing coulometer cells in the continuous mode. Systematic deviations of the SOMMA pipette volume from a theoretical temperature dependence were identified both from field data comparisons and pipette calibrations. Hence pipettes should be kept at constant temperature or they must be gravimetrically calibrated over the expected temperature range. Comparison of the continuous TCO2 data together with simultaneously measured additional CO2 system parameters showed that the refitted "Mehrbach" dissociation constants for carbonic acid best-represent fCO(2) when calculated from TCO2 and alkalinity over a wide range of sea-surface temperatures and salinities. Some remaining systematic differences of calculated-measured fCO(2) of up to 9 mu atm likely reflect uncertainty in the temperature-dependence of the "Mehrbach" constants as well as possible uncertainty in the alkalinity-salinity relationship used to estimate alkalinity in the consistency checks. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, Abt Meereschem, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Bremen, Fachbereich Geowissensch, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Kortzinger, A (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Meereskunde, Abt Meereschem, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. RI Kortzinger, Arne/A-4141-2014 OI Kortzinger, Arne/0000-0002-8181-3593 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00055-9 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 238KM UT WOS:000082709500008 ER PT J AU Hong, GH Kim, SH Lee, SH Chung, CS Tkalin, AV Chaykovskay, EL Hamilton, TF AF Hong, GH Kim, SH Lee, SH Chung, CS Tkalin, AV Chaykovskay, EL Hamilton, TF TI Artificial radionuclides in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) proper and Peter the Great Bay SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE artificial radionuclides; Peter the Great Bay; East Sea (Sea of Japan) ID KARA SEA; RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT; SEDIMENTS; PU-239,PU-240; MUSSELS; CS-137; RADIOACTIVITY; WATERS; PU AB Over the past decade there has been growing concern over dumping of radioactive waste in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) proper and adjacent coastal waters. Here we show that the evolution of activity concentrations of Cs-137 and Pu239+240 in the East Sea, and existing levels of radioactive contamination in waters, sediments and biota from Peter the Great Bay (Russia) can be largely attributed to global fallout deposition. The former sequence of data includes results from the AWARES cruise (Active Watch of Artificial Radionuclides in the East Sea) conducted between 26 October and 1 November 1993 about ten days after 14 GBq of liquid radioactive waste was dumped into the East Sea. The activity concentration of Cs-137 and Pu239+240 in surface waters ranged between 2.7-3.5 Bq m(-3) and 3.5-20.8 mBq m(-3), respectively, and were not different to levels observed during August 1993 prior to the Russian dumping operation in October. Isotopic ratios also indicate the absence of any significant anthropogenic radioactive contamination in the region other than from global fallout deposition. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Seoul 425600, South Korea. Far Eastern Reg Hydrometeorol Res Inst, Vladivostok 690600, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, POB 29, Seoul 425600, South Korea. EM ghhong@kordi.re.kr NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 38 IS 10 BP 933 EP 943 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00107-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 258UB UT WOS:000083856600024 ER PT J AU Jordan, AD Uwakweh, ONC Maziasz, PJ Reed, RW AF Jordan, AD Uwakweh, ONC Maziasz, PJ Reed, RW TI Weld thermal simulation and its effect upon the microstructure of As-cast FeAl-based materials SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS AB Gleeble simulation studies of the effects of welding on the microstructural change of four FeAl-based materials with Mo, Zr, C, and B additions based on light optical metallography and x-ray diffraction techniques have been undertaken. These materials, designated Fe-Al-Mo (heat 564), Fe-Al-Mo-B (heat 565), Fe-Al-Mo-Zr-C (heat 567), and Fe-Al-Mo-Zr-C-B (heat 568), exhibit behaviors suggesting that the additions of B, Zr, and C are beneficial (individually or in combination) to the resistance of cracking following-weld thermal cycles. The microstructure is significantly altered due to the addition of Zr and C. The relation and correlation between the effects of minor alloying elements on FeAl materials and weldability is established. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jordan, AD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 43 IS 4 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(98)00040-0 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 264EL UT WOS:000084167600002 ER PT J AU Havrilla, GJ Schoonover, JR AF Havrilla, GJ Schoonover, JR TI Integrated images give a clearer chemical picture SO MATERIALS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 0967-8638 J9 MATER WORLD JI Mater. World PD OCT PY 1999 VL 7 IS 10 BP 613 EP 615 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 246WK UT WOS:000083187700025 ER PT J AU Tidwell, VC Wilson, JL AF Tidwell, VC Wilson, JL TI Permeability upscaling measured on a block of Berea Sandstone: Results and interpretation SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Mathematical-Geology (IAMG 97) CY OCT, 1997 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Math Geol DE permeability; upscaling; Berea Sandstone; minipermeameter; nonuniform flow; local-scale processes ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; FLOW; AQUIFERS; SCALE AB To physically investigate permeability upscaling, over 13,000 permeability values were measured with four different sample supports (i.e., sample volumes) on a block of Berea Sandstone. At each sample support, spatially exhaustive permeability datasets were measured subject to consistent flow geometry and boundary conditions, with a specially adapted minipermeameter test system. Here, we present and analyze a subset of the data consisting of 2304 permeability values collected from a single block face oriented normal to stratification. Results reveal a number of distinct and consistent trends (i.e., upscaling) relating changes in key summary statistics to an increasing sample support. Examples include the sample mean and semivariogram range that increase with increasing sample support and the sample variance that decreases. To help interpret the measured mean upscaling, we compared it to theoretical models that are only available for somewhat different flow geometries. The comparison suggests that the nonuniform flow imposed by the minipermeameter coupled with permeability anisotropy at the scale of the local support (i.e., smallest sample support for which data is available) are the primary controls on the measured upscaling. This work demonstrates, experimentally, that it is not always appropriate to treat the local-support permeability as an intrinsic feature of the porous medium, that is, independent of its conditions of measurement. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Tidwell, VC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 31 IS 7 BP 749 EP 769 DI 10.1023/A:1007568632217 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 224EC UT WOS:000081883500002 ER PT J AU Mishra, AK Gutjahr, A AF Mishra, AK Gutjahr, A TI Transverse dispersion of a kinetically sorbing solute SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Mathematical-Geology (IAMG 97) CY OCT, 1997 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Math Geol DE transverse dispersion; solute; steady flow; stratified aquifer; nonequilibrium sorption; spatial variability; velocity field; sorption kinetics; recursion ID LINEAR NONEQUILIBRIUM SORPTION; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFER; NONLOCAL DISPERSION; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; MOMENTS AB A recursion formulation for the transverse spreading of a solute is developed, and under conditions of steady flow in a stratified aquifer, the transport of a linearly sorbing solute undergoing nonequilibrium sorption is studied. The effect of spatial variability in the velocity field and the sorption kinetics are modeled to see the combined effect of the two processes on the spreading of the solute injected at a point in the aquifer. The main result of this work is a transport model based on a discrete formulation that includes local dispersion and leads to nonasymptotic behavior in the spreading of the plume in a direction normal to the mean flow velocity. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Math, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Mishra, AK (reprint author), ED Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 31 IS 7 BP 771 EP 791 DI 10.1023/A:1007520716287 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 224EC UT WOS:000081883500003 ER PT J AU Axness, CL Carrera, J AF Axness, CL Carrera, J TI The 2D steady hydraulic head field surrounding a pumping well in a finite heterogeneous confined aquifer SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Mathematical-Geology (IAMG 97) CY OCT, 1997 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Math Geol DE stochastic; Green's functions; perturbation methods; conditioning; nonstationary; nonergodic ID FLOW AB We present a second-order analytic solution [in terms of a heterogeneous log-transmissivity Y(r) = ln T(r)] for the hydraulic head field in a finite 2D confined heterogeneous aquifer under steady radial flow conditions assuming fixed head boundary conditions at the well and at a circular exterior boundary. The solution may be used to obtain the gradient used in calculation of solute transport to a well in a heterogeneous transmissivity field. The solution, obtained using perturbation methods coupled with Green's function techniques, leads us to postulate a more general form of the head for arbitrarily large-variance fields and may be used to obtain moment relations between the log-transmissivity and head under convergent flow conditions when Y(r) is expressed as a random space function. We present expressions for the mean head field when the log-transmissivity is Gaussian and conditioned on the transmissivity value at the well for an arbitrary In T covariance. Finally, we look at the effect of parameter variations on the mean head behavior and present numerical simulations verifying the second-order mean head expressions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Tech Univ Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. RP Axness, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0779, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Carrera, Jesus/E-7251-2011 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 31 IS 7 BP 873 EP 906 DI 10.1023/A:1007528918105 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA 224EC UT WOS:000081883500007 ER PT J AU Lochter, A Werb, Z Bissell, MJ AF Lochter, A Werb, Z Bissell, MJ TI Transcriptional regulation of stromelysin-1 gene expression is altered during progression of mouse mammary epithelial cells from functionally normal to malignant SO MATRIX BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; matrix metalloproteinases; promoter; actin ID RECONSTITUTED BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS; TUMOR PROGRESSION; POLYMERIZED ACTIN; RAT FIBROBLASTS; BREAST-CANCER; METALLOPROTEINASES; MORPHOGENESIS; METASTASIS AB The matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-l plays a central role during mammary gland development and tumor progression. To gain insight into the regulation of stromelysin-l gene expression, the murine stromelysin-l promoter was cloned and transfected into mouse mammary epithelial cells displaying various degrees of malignancy. A reconstituted basement membrane inhibited stromelysin-l promoter activity in functionally normal cells, had little effect on moderately malignant cells and up-regulated the promoter in highly malignant cells. Spreading of normal and malignant cells was reduced by a reconstituted basement membrane, compared to a plastic substratum. Preventing spreading by maintenance of cells in suspension culture, regulated stromelysin-l promoter activity in a manner similar to that on a reconstituted basement membrane. Conversely, increasing spreading by augmenting substratum adhesivity up-regulated stromelysin-l promoter activity in tumor cells. In cells with reduced spreading in the presence of reconstituted basement membrane and in suspension culture, actin stress fibers were replaced by cortical actin bundles. In tumor cells, but not in functionally normal cells, treatment with phorbol diesters also resulted in accumulation of cortical actin and increased stromelysin-l promoter activity. Consistent with an epithelial-to-mesenchymal conversion, regulation of stromelysin-l gene expression in highly malignant cells was similar to its regulation in mammary fibroblasts. We conclude that the switch in transcriptional regulation of stromelysin-l expression that occurs during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and conversion to tumorigenicity is related to altered regulation of signals from the cytoarchitecture. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V./International Society of Matrix Biology. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA057621, CA 57621, R01 CA057621-07] NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0945-053X J9 MATRIX BIOL JI Matrix Biol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 18 IS 5 BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.1016/S0945-053X(99)00036-0 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 262UU UT WOS:000084085600005 PM 10601733 ER PT J AU Walter, PL AF Walter, PL TI Dynamic force, pressure, & acceleration measurement part 4 - Interfacing the transducer with its environment SO MEASUREMENTS & CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Part four of this course deals with the need to consider the input impedance of and coupling to a transducer when interfacing it to a process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Walter, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEASUREMENTS & DATA CORP PI PITTSBURGH PA 2994 W LIBERTY AVE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15216 USA SN 0148-0057 J9 MEAS CONTROL-US JI Meas. Control PD OCT PY 1999 IS 197 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 261XJ UT WOS:000084035700002 ER PT J AU Koeppel, BJ Subhash, G AF Koeppel, BJ Subhash, G TI Influence of cold rolling and strain rate on plastic response of powder metallurgy and chemical vapor deposition rhenium SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-BAND FORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HCP METALS; DEFORMATION; LOCALIZATION; TITANIUM; HAFNIUM AB The plastic response of two kinds of rhenium processed via powder metallurgy (PM) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were investigated under uniaxial compression over a range of strain rates. The PM rhenium, further cold rolled to 50 and 80 pct of the original thickness, was also investigated to assess the influence of cold work on the plastic behavior. A strong basal texture was detected in all the preceding materials as a result of processing and cold work. Both CVD and PM rhenium exhibited an increase in yield strength and now stress with increasing strain rate. In PM rhenium, cold work resulted in an increase in hardness and yield strength and a decrease in the work hardening rate. The deformed microstructures revealed extensive twinning in CVD rhenium. At large strains, inhomogeneous deformation mode in the form of classical cup and cone fracture was noticed. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Koeppel, BJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2641 EP 2648 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0304-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 245PM UT WOS:000083117400010 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Lee, WY Haynes, JA Wright, IG Pint, BA Cooley, KM Liaw, PK AF Zhang, Y Lee, WY Haynes, JA Wright, IG Pint, BA Cooley, KM Liaw, PK TI Synthesis and cyclic oxidation behavior of a (Ni, Pt) Al coating on a desulfurized Ni-base superalloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCALE ADHESION; SULFUR; ALLOYS; RESISTANCE; ADHERENCE; PLATINUM; IMPURITY; SURFACE; AL2O3; MODEL AB The influences of sulfur impurities and Pt incorporation on the scale adhesion behavior of aluminide coatings were studied and compared. Low-sulfur NiAl coatings were prepared on a desulfurized, yttrium-free, single-crystal Ni-based superalloy by a modified version of a conventional aluminizing procedure based on chemical vapor deposition. The sulfur level in the resulting NiAl coatings was measured to be less than similar to 0.5 ppmw by glow-discharge mass spectroscopy. Platinum-modified aluminide coatings were synthesized by first electroplating a thin layer of Pt (similar to 7 mu m) on the superalloy, followed by the same low-sulfur aluminizing procedure. The measured sulfur content in the (Ni, Pt)Al coating was substantially higher than that of the low-sulfur NiAl coating due to contamination during the Pt electroplating process. A very adherent alpha-Al2O3 scale formed on the grain surfaces of the low-sulfur NiAl coating during cyclic oxidation testing at 1150 degrees C, but scale spallation eventually occurred over many of the NiAl grain boundaries. In contrast, despite the higher level of sulfur in the (Ni Pt)Al coating, a very adherent scale was formed over both the coating grain surfaces and grain boundaries during thermal cycling. These results suggest that Pt additions can mitigate the detrimental influence of sulfur on scale adhesion. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Walbar Met, Peabody, MA 01960 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 38 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 37 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2679 EP 2687 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0308-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 245PM UT WOS:000083117400014 ER PT J AU Sangsuwan, P Tewari, SN Gatica, JE Singh, M Dickerson, R AF Sangsuwan, P Tewari, SN Gatica, JE Singh, M Dickerson, R TI Reactive infiltration of silicon melt through microporous amorphous carbon preforms SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; CARBIDE AB The kinetics of unidirectional capillary infiltration of silicon melt into microporous carbon preforms has been investigated as a function of the pore morphology and melt temperature. The infiltrated specimens showed alternating bands of dark and bright regions, which corresponded to the unreacted free carbon and free silicon regions, respectively. The decrease in the infiltration front velocity for increasing infiltration distances is in qualitative agreement with the closed-form solution of capillarity-driven fluid flow through constant-cross-section cylindrical pores. However, drastic changes in the thermal response and infiltration front morphologies were observed for minute differences in the preform's microstructure. This suggests the need for a dynamic percolation model that would account for the exothermic nature of the silicon-carbon chemical reaction and the associated pore-closing phenomenon. C1 3M Thailand Ltd, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. Cleveland State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. NYMA Inc, Lewis Res Ctr Grp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sangsuwan, P (reprint author), 3M Thailand Ltd, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 933 EP 944 DI 10.1007/s11663-999-0099-1 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 245VX UT WOS:000083129800011 ER PT J AU Huh, MY Kim, HC Park, JJ Engler, O AF Huh, MY Kim, HC Park, JJ Engler, O TI Evolution of through-thickness texture gradients in various steel sheets SO METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE texture; texture gradient; deep drawing steel; low carbon steel; ferritic stainless steel; FEM ID DEEP-DRAWING STEELS; LOW-CARBON STEELS; RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES; ANNEALING TEXTURES; ROLLING TEXTURES; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; INHOMOGENEITY; ANISOTROPY; METALS AB In order to investigate the evolution of through-thickness texture gradients in various ferritic steel sheets, samples of a deep drawing steel, a ferritic stainless steel and a low carbon steel were deformed by cold rolling with and without application of a lubricant during the deformation process. The hot band texture of all samples examined showed notable through-thickness texture gradients. The evolution of the cold rolling texture in the ferritic stainless steel and the low carbon steel in a solution-treated state was nearly independent of the lubrication during rolling. However, in the deep drawing steel and the as-received low carbon steel, the lubrication played an important role in the formation of the through-thickness texture gradients. Whereas the samples rolled with lubrication showed uniform textures throughout the sheet thickness, in the samples rolled without lubrication pronounced shear textures were observed on the sheet surface. The evolution of these through-thickness texture gradients is discussed in terms of inhomogeneous strain states computed by an FEM model. C1 Korea Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Seongbuk Ku, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Hongik Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mapo Ku, Seoul 121791, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Korea Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Seongbuk Ku, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 136701, South Korea. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS PI SEOUL PA KIM BLDG 6TH FLOOR, SEOCHO-DAERO 56 GIL 38, SEOCHO-GU, SEOUL 137-881, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-9623 EI 2005-4149 J9 MET MATER INT JI Met. Mater.-Int. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 437 EP 443 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 252QU UT WOS:000083514400004 ER PT J AU Wu, L Zhu, Y Tafto, J AF Wu, L Zhu, Y Tafto, J TI Towards quantitative measurements of charge transfer in complex crystals using imaging and diffraction of fast electrons SO MICRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Microscopy-Society-of-America Symposium on Advanced Electron Microscopy in Superconductors CY 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Microscopy Soc Amer DE quantitative electron diffraction and imaging; charge density and charge transfer; novel convergent beam electron diffraction; high-temperature superconductors ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SUPERCONDUCTORS; REFINEMENT; DENSITY; HOLES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+Y; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; YBA2CU3O7 AB Electron diffraction and imaging are very sensitive to the valence-electron distribution in materials at small scattering angles. We take advantage of the large dimension of the unit-cell along the c-axis of YBa2Cu3O7 and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta superconductors, to study the distribution of charge carriers, crucial to understanding the superconducting behaviors in these complex systems. Electron pile-up associated with a structural modulation in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta was imaged at an atomic resolution. Charge transfer normal to the a-b plane in YBa2Cu3O7 and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta was accurately measured and plotted using formal valences as a reference. The results were compared with the electronic structures based on first principle calculations. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhu, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 357 EP 369 DI 10.1016/S0968-4328(99)00039-6 PG 13 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 226WP UT WOS:000082046100002 ER PT J AU Browning, ND Buban, JP Prouteau, C Duscher, G Pennycook, SJ AF Browning, ND Buban, JP Prouteau, C Duscher, G Pennycook, SJ TI Investigating the atomic scale structure and chemistry of grain boundaries in high-T-c superconductors SO MICRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Microscopy-Society-of-America Symposium on Advanced Electron Microscopy in Superconductors CY 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Microscopy Soc Amer DE grain boundaries; atomic structure; charge carrier depletion; scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM); electron energy loss spectra (EELS) ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; SCATTERED ELECTRONS; CRITICAL CURRENTS; TILT BOUNDARIES; RESOLUTION; CRYSTALS; STEM; BICRYSTALS AB The short superconducting coherence length in high-T-c materials makes them extremely susceptible to the deleterious effect of atomic scale defects. Perhaps the most important of these defects for large-scale technological applications, are grain boundaries. Here we describe an atomic resolution investigation of structural and chemical changes that occur at grain boundaries in high-T-c materials using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). STEM is ideally suited to this analysis, as atomic resolution Z-contrast images and electron energy loss spectra (EELS) can be acquired simultaneously, This permits a direct correlation between the structural images and the local electronic structure information in the spectrum. From this detailed experimental characterization of the grain boundaries, simple theoretical models can be derived that allow the structure-property relationships in high-T-c superconductors to be inferred. Results obtained from YBa2Cu3O7-delta and (Bi/Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 show that there is a charge depletion zone formed at grain boundaries. This charge depletion zone can act as a tunnel barrier to the flow of superconducting charge carriers and appears to increase in width with increasing misorientation angle, The magnitude of the critical current across grain boundaries in high-T-c materials predicted from these models is in excellent agreement with the widely reported electrical transport results. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys MC 273, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Browning, ND (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys MC 273, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM browning@uic.edu RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014; OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 425 EP 436 DI 10.1016/S0968-4328(99)00044-X PG 12 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 226WP UT WOS:000082046100007 ER PT J AU Goyal, A Ren, SX Specht, ED Kroeger, DM Feenstra, R Norton, D Paranthaman, M Lee, DF Christen, DK AF Goyal, A Ren, SX Specht, ED Kroeger, DM Feenstra, R Norton, D Paranthaman, M Lee, DF Christen, DK TI Texture formation and grain boundary networks in rolling assisted biaxially textured substrates and in epitaxial YBCO films on such substrates SO MICRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Microscopy-Society-of-America Symposium on Advanced Electron Microscopy in Superconductors CY 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Microscopy Soc Amer DE rolling assisted biaxially textured substrates; grain boundary misorientation distributions; superconductors ID ELECTRON-BEAM EVAPORATION; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; BUFFER LAYERS; THICK-FILMS; NI; BICRYSTALS; YBA2CU3O7 AB Electron backscatter Kikuchi diffraction was used to study texture development and grain boundary networks in rolling-assisted-biaxially-textured-substrates, and the transfer of such a biaxial texture and preferential grain boundary network to epitaxial YBCO films grown on such substrates. It was found that the rolling texture in the Ni substrate is highly complicated, with most of the grains having orientations at and between the "B" and "S" orientations. No cube nuclei could be discerned in the etched, as-rolled sample. On recrystallization, a sharp {001}(100), cube texture was imparted to the Ni substrate. It was found that the substrate was percolatively connected within 3 degrees. Examination of epitaxial oxide layers on Ni showed that excellent epitaxy was obtained. At times, undesirable orientations nucleated during growth of the oxide layer, however, these were engulfed by the growing film (with correct orientation). Orientation image micrographs of an epitaxial YBCO him on a RABiT substrate with a J(c) of 1.6 MA/cm(2) at 77 K showed that most of the film was percolatively connected within 2 degrees. A comparison of the spatially correlated and uncorrelated grain boundary misorientation distributions showed that local grain-to-grain correlations were present between the grains. Comparison of the data obtained for the YBCO film with those obtained for the underlying Ni substrate showed that both the macroscopic texture and the grain boundary networks were very similar in the two cases, implying excellent epitaxy of the multilayers. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goyal, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, David/A-9709-2008; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 19 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 463 EP 478 DI 10.1016/S0968-4328(99)00047-5 PG 16 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 226WP UT WOS:000082046100010 ER PT J AU Kirk, MA Yan, Y AF Kirk, MA Yan, Y TI Structure and properties of irradiation defects in YBa2Cu3O7-x SO MICRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Microscopy-Society-of-America Symposium on Advanced Electron Microscopy in Superconductors CY 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Microscopy Soc Amer DE irradiation defects; YBa2Cu3O7-x; transmission electron microscopy; neutrons; ions; protons; electrons; critical current ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; FAST-NEUTRON IRRADIATION; HIGH-T-C; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; ION IRRADIATION; OXYGEN; CASCADES; ENERGY; TEM AB We review our contributions to the understanding of the structure and properties of irradiation defects in the high T-C superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) using several transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Irradiating particles have included fast neutrons, ions with energies from 50 keV to 2 GeV, MeV protons, and electrons. In much of this work it has been possible to correlate TEM data with that of bulk superconducting property measurements on the same or similar single crystals. This has been valuable to understand some aspects of magnetic vortex pinning by the irradiation defects, and thus the often large enhancements of the critical current density. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kirk, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 507 EP 526 DI 10.1016/S0968-4328(99)00051-7 PG 20 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 226WP UT WOS:000082046100014 ER PT J AU Merkle, KL Huang, Y Rozeveld, S Char, K Moeckly, BH AF Merkle, KL Huang, Y Rozeveld, S Char, K Moeckly, BH TI Electron microscopy of high-T-c Josephson junctions formed in the epitaxial layer ramp-edge geometry: YBCO/barrier/YBCO SO MICRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Microscopy-Society-of-America Symposium on Advanced Electron Microscopy in Superconductors CY 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Microscopy Soc Amer DE YBCO microstructures; ramp-edge junctions; metallic oxide barriers ID METALLIC BARRIER; DEVICES; MICROSTRUCTURE; INTERFACES; DEPOSITION; CARUO3; SQUIDS; LINKS AB The microstructures of YBCO/N/YBCO ramp-edge junctions have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and related to supercurrent transport properties which depend on the barrier layer N, the interfacial structures and defect structures in the multilayer epitaxial devices. Three different types of junction materials were investigated: Metallic oxide barriers, CaRuO3 and SrRuO3; barriers isostructural to YBCO, Go-doped YBCO and Go-doped PrBa2Cu3O7; and 'interface engineered' barriers, formed by plasma treatment of the YBCO ramp-edge. Metallic oxide barriers are characterized by high steps and strong variations in local barrier width. The observed topologies are consistent with an island growth mode for both CaRuO3 and SrRuO3. The metallic oxide barriers are associated with interfacial strain fields that are believed to be the cause for interfacial oxygen depletion in YBCO and the observed excess normal-state resistance. A number of structural defects and deviations from perfect epitaxy have been observed. Most disruptive to the integrity of the multilayer structures and transport properties is the nucleation of a-axis YBCO grains at steep barrier steps and within the YBCO layers. The barrier layers in isostructural junctions are well structured with a high degree of interfacial coherence and for the most part, Cu-O planes are continuous across the interfaces. In contrast to heterostructured metallic oxide barriers, isostructural junctions contain few extraneous defects, such as a-axis grains at the barrier layer, moreover, the second YBCO layer is of good quality due to the perfect epitaxy between the materials. Among the junctions investigated the interface engineered junctions have shown the best electromagnetic properties. Their structure is characterized by narrow (2-3 nm) barriers that are continuous and crystalline. No significant interfacial strains and structural disorder were observed. This and a constant barrier thickness appear responsible for obtaining good uniformity of electric transport properties. The narrow pinhole-free barrier, coupled with excellent epitaxy and few defects, yields good reproducibility and a range of properties suitable for practical applications. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Conductus Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Merkle, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 539 EP 559 DI 10.1016/S0968-4328(99)00053-0 PG 21 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 226WP UT WOS:000082046100016 ER PT J AU Shyamala, G Louie, SG Camarillo, IG Talamantes, F AF Shyamala, G Louie, SG Camarillo, IG Talamantes, F TI The progesterone receptor and its isoforms in mammary development SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Review DE estrogen receptors; progesterone receptors; mammary glands; development; receptor isoforms ID IN-SITU LOCALIZATION; HUMAN-BREAST; A-FORM; PROLACTIN; MOUSE; MICE; GLANDS; GENE; ABNORMALITIES; SUPERFAMILY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biol, Sinsheimer Labs, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Shyamala, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA66541, CA71590]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD14966] NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 68 IS 2 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1006/mgme.1999.2897 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 251DD UT WOS:000083428600007 PM 10527668 ER PT J AU Kaye, AB Henry, GW Fekel, FC Hall, DS AF Kaye, AB Henry, GW Fekel, FC Hall, DS TI Simultaneous photometry and spectroscopy CPP the newly discovered gamma Doradus variable HR 8330=HD 207223 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : individual : HR 8330; stars : oscillations; stars : variables : other ID LINE-PROFILE VARIATIONS; F-TYPE STARS; NONRADIAL PULSATIONS; MODE-IDENTIFICATION; 9-AURIGAE; HD-96008 AB We present BV photometry and simultaneous high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectroscopy of the newly-discovered gamma Doradus variable HR 8330 taken during the 1997 and 1998 observing seasons. We calculate power spectra for the B- and V-band data sets and for the time series defined throughout the observing season at each point across the FeII lambda 4508.289 and the Ti II lambda 4501.278 line profiles to search for periodic variability. Period analysis reveals a single, 2.6-d period in both the photometric and the spectroscopic data, with a 237 degrees phase lag between them. Based on the location of HR 8330 in the HR diagram and the characteristics of its photometric and spectroscopic variations, we conclude that HR 8330 is a bona fide gamma Doradus-type pulsating variable. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dyer Observ, Brentwood, TN 37027 USA. RP Kaye, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA, MS B-220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 308 IS 4 BP 1081 EP 1086 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02768.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245EC UT WOS:000083092400022 ER PT J AU Stolyarov, VV Zhu, YT Lowe, TC Islamgaliev, RK Valiev, RZ AF Stolyarov, VV Zhu, YT Lowe, TC Islamgaliev, RK Valiev, RZ TI A two step SPD processing of ultrafine-grained titanium SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; NANOCRYSTALLINE; CONSOLIDATION; POWDERS; COPPER; NANOCOMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRENGTH AB Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high pressure torsion (HPT) are two severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes that have been used to process ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials. In this investigation, we have attempted to combine these two processes to refine the grain size of coarse-grained pure titanium. ECAP processing was first carried out at 500-450 degrees C to refine the grain size to about 300 nm. Further processing by HPT resulted in finer grain size and higher dislocation density. The second step, HPT processing, also increased the microhardness, ultimate strength, yielding strength and ductility of the UFG pure titanium. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stolyarov, VV (reprint author), Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422 NR 27 TC 154 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 7 BP 947 EP 954 DI 10.1016/S0965-9773(99)00384-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 266BT UT WOS:000084281300015 ER PT J AU Burley, SK Almo, SC Bonanno, JB Capel, M Chance, MR Gaasterland, T Lin, DW Sali, A Studier, FW Swaminathan, S AF Burley, SK Almo, SC Bonanno, JB Capel, M Chance, MR Gaasterland, T Lin, DW Sali, A Studier, FW Swaminathan, S TI Structural genomics: beyond the Human Genome Project SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MYCOPLASMA-GENITALIUM PROTEINS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PREDICTIONS; HEAD; FOLD AB With access to whole genome sequences for various organisms and imminent completion of the Human Genome Project, the entire process of discovery in molecular and cellular biology is poised to change. Massively parallel measurement strategies promise to revolutionize how we study and ultimately understand the complex biochemical circuitry responsible for controlling normal development, physiologic homeostasis and disease processes. This information explosion is also providing the foundation for an important new initiative in structural biology. We are about to embark on a program of high-throughput X-ray crystallography aimed at developing a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of normal and abnormal human and microbial physiology at the molecular level. We present the rationale for creation of a structural genomics initiative, recount the efforts of ongoing structural genomics pilot studies, and detail the lofty goals, technical challenges and pitfalls facing structural biologists. C1 Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Burley, SK (reprint author), Howard Hughes Med Inst, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 21 TC 275 Z9 283 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1038/13783 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 240LM UT WOS:000082827500013 PM 10508510 ER PT J AU Hollander, MC Sheikh, MS Bulavin, DV Lundgren, K Augeri-Henmueller, L Shehee, R Molinaro, TA Kim, KE Tolosa, E Ashwell, JD Rosenberg, MP Zhan, QM Fernandez-Salguero, PM Morgan, WF Deng, CX Fornace, AJ AF Hollander, MC Sheikh, MS Bulavin, DV Lundgren, K Augeri-Henmueller, L Shehee, R Molinaro, TA Kim, KE Tolosa, E Ashwell, JD Rosenberg, MP Zhan, QM Fernandez-Salguero, PM Morgan, WF Deng, CX Fornace, AJ TI Genomic instability in Gadd45a-deficient mice SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CELL-CYCLE ARREST; P53-DEFICIENT MICE; P53; GADD45; DEFICIENT; PROTEIN; P21 AB Gadd45a-null mice generated by gene targeting exhibited several of the phenotypes characteristic of p53-deficient mice, including genomic instability, increased radiation carcinogenesis and a low frequency of exencephaly. Genomic instability was exemplified by aneuploidy, chromosome aberrations, gene amplification and centrosome amplification, and was accompanied by abnormalities in mitosis, cytokinesis and growth control. Unequal segregation of chromosomes due to multiple spindle poles during mitosis occurred in several Gadd45a(-/-) cell lineages and may contribute to the aneuploidy. Our results indicate that Gadd45a is one component of the p53 pathway that contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability. C1 NCI, Gene Response Sect, DBS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Glaxo Wellcome Res & Dev Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NCI, Lab Immune Cell Biol, DBS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Lab Metab, DBS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIDDKD, Genet Dev & Dis Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Fornace, AJ (reprint author), NCI, Gene Response Sect, DBS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI deng, chuxia/N-6713-2016; OI Fernandez-Salguero, Pedro M./0000-0003-2839-5027 NR 30 TC 371 Z9 386 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 176 EP 184 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 240LM UT WOS:000082827500016 PM 10508513 ER PT J AU Symula, DJ Frazer, KA Ueda, Y Denefle, P Stevens, ME Wang, ZE Locksley, R Rubin, EM AF Symula, DJ Frazer, KA Ueda, Y Denefle, P Stevens, ME Wang, ZE Locksley, R Rubin, EM TI Functional screening of an asthma QTL in YAC transgenic mice SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID T-CELL DEVELOPMENT; GENE; LINKAGE AB Many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to genetically complex conditions have been discovered, but few causative genes have been identified. This is mainly due to the large size of QTLs and the subtle connection between genotype and quantitative phenotype associated with these conditions(1,2) Transgenic mice have been successfully used to analyse well-characterized genes suspected of contributing to quantitative traits(3-5). Although this approach is powerful for examining one gene at a time, it can be impractical for surveying the large genomic intervals containing many genes that are typically associated with QTLs. To screen for genes contributing to an asthma QTL mapped to human chromosome 5q3 (refs 6,7), we characterized a panel of large-insert 5q31 transgenics based on studies demonstrating that altering gene dosage frequently affects quantitative phenotypes normally influenced by that gene. This panel of human YAC transgenics, propagating a 1Mb interval of chromosome 5q31 containing 6 cytokine genes and 17 partially characterized genes(8), was screened for quantitative changes in several asthma-associated phenotypes. Multiple independent transgenic lines with altered IgE response to antigen treatment shared a 180-kb region containing 5 genes, including those encoding human interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 13(IL 13), which induce IgE class switching in B cells(9). Further analysis of these mice and mice transgenic for mouse Il14 and Il13 demonstrated that moderate changes in Il4 and Il13 expression affect asthma-associated phenotypes in vivo. This functional screen of large-insert transgenics enabled us to identify genes that influence the QTL phenotype in vivo. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Microbiol Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Rhone Poulenc Rorer Res Dev, Vitry, France. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-07279, HL56385] NR 29 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 240LM UT WOS:000082827500029 PM 10508526 ER PT J AU Wali, MK Evrendilek, F West, TO Watts, SE Pant, D Gibbs, HK McClead, BE AF Wali, MK Evrendilek, F West, TO Watts, SE Pant, D Gibbs, HK McClead, BE TI Assessing terrestrial ecosystem sustainability: Usefulness of regional carbon and nitrogen models SO NATURE & RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; CONSEQUENCES; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; SUCCESSION; RESILIENCE; CLIMATE; CYCLE; SOILS AB The biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) connect all the abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems to one another in a holistic way. As such, the spatial and temporal dynamics of C and N budgets are closely coupled with variations in such ecosystem processes as productivity, nutrient cycling, stability, succession and biodiversity. In turn, the cycling rates of C and N are affected by the type, magnitude, severity and frequency of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, which induce changes in the structure and function of ecosystems locally and regionally, and which may endanger the sustainability of ecological goods and services globally. C and N budgets are, therefore, significant ecosystem-level indicators that can signal deviations from sustainable ecosystem management under current and changing patterns of human disturbances. Thus, they can assist in evaluating the potential effects of human disturbances on the structure and function of ecosystems, and in developing preventive and mitigative measures in decision- and policymaking. Examples are provided by process-based models to quantify regional C and N dynamics as indicators of sustainability for cropland, drastically disturbed (coal surface-mined land) and urban ecosystems in the State of Ohio in the American Midwest. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Publ Policy & Management, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. World Tree Inc, Aurora, OH USA. RP Wali, MK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; Evrendilek, Fatih/O-2424-2013; OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Evrendilek, Fatih/0000-0003-1099-4363 NR 78 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU UNESCO PI PARIS PA 7 PLACE DE FONTENOY, 75700 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0028-0844 J9 NATURE RESOUR JI Nat. Resour. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 4 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 337VJ UT WOS:000088382100005 ER PT J AU Touzet, C Cloete, I AF Touzet, C Cloete, I TI Guest editorial SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Comp Sci, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa. RP Touzet, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD OCT PY 1999 VL 28 BP VII EP VII PG 1 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 237PN UT WOS:000082665400001 ER PT J AU Parker, LE AF Parker, LE TI Adaptive heterogeneous multi-robot teams SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE cooperative robotics; ALLIANCE; behavior-based; multi-robot systems ID ARCHITECTURE; COOPERATION AB This research addresses the problem of achieving fault-tolerant cooperation within small- to medium-sized teams of heterogeneous mobile robots. We describe a novel behavior-based, fully distributed architecture, called ALLIANCE, that utilizes adaptive action selection to achieve fault tolerant cooperative control in robot missions involving loosely coupled tasks. The robots in this architecture possess a variety of high-level functions that they can perform during a mission, and must at all times select an appropriate action based on the requirements of the mission, the activities of other robots, the current environmental conditions, and their own internal states. Since such cooperative teams often work in dynamic and unpredictable environments, the software architecture allows the team members to respond robustly and reliably to unexpected environmental changes and modifications in the robot team that may occur due to mechanical failure, the learning of new skills, or the addition or removal of robots from the team by human intervention. After presenting ALLIANCE, we describe in detail our experimental results of an implementation of this architecture on a team of physical mobile robots performing a cooperative box pushing demonstration. These experiments illustrate the ability of ALLIANCE to achieve adaptive, fault-tolerant cooperative control amidst dynamic changes in the capabilities of the robot team. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parker, LE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD OCT PY 1999 VL 28 BP 75 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0925-2312(98)00116-7 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 237PN UT WOS:000082665400007 ER PT J AU Santos, JM Touzet, C AF Santos, JM Touzet, C TI Exploration tuned reinforcement function SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE reinforcement function; reinforcement learning; robot learning; autonomous robot; behavior-based approach AB The aim of this work is to present a method that helps tune the reinforcement function parameters in a reinforcement learning approach. Since the proposal of neural-based implementations for the reinforcement learning paradigm (which reduced learning time and memory requirements to realistic values) reinforcement functions have become the critical components. Using a particular definition for reinforcement functions (RF), we solve, for a specific case, the so-called exploration versus exploitation dilemma through the careful computation of the RF parameter values. The proposed algorithm computes, during the exploration part of the learning phase, an estimate for the parameter values. Experiments with the mobile robot Nomad 200 validate our proposals. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Computac, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Santos, JM (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Computac, Ciudad Univ,Pabellon 1, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD OCT PY 1999 VL 28 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0925-2312(98)00117-9 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 237PN UT WOS:000082665400008 ER PT J AU Heidbrink, WW Fredrickson, ED Mau, TK Petty, CC Pinsker, RI Porkolab, M Rice, BW AF Heidbrink, WW Fredrickson, ED Mau, TK Petty, CC Pinsker, RI Porkolab, M Rice, BW TI High harmonic ion cyclotron heating in DIII-D: Beam ion absorption and sawtooth stabilization SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID INDUCED ALFVEN EIGENMODES; FUSION TEST REACTOR; ICRF WAVES; JET PLASMAS; TAE MODES; TOKAMAK; JT-60U; PARTICLES; DISCHARGES; RESONANCE AB Combined neutral beam injection and fast wave heating at the fourth cyclotron harmonic produce an energetic deuterium beam ion tail in the DIII-D tokamak. When the concentration of thermal hydrogen exceeds similar to 5% the beam ion absorption is suppressed in favour of second harmonic hydrogen absorption. As theoretically expected, the beam absorption increases with beam ion gyroradius; also, central absorption at the fifth harmonic is weaker than central absorption at the fourth harmonic. For central heating at the fourth harmonic, an energetic, perpendicular, beam population forms inside the q = 1 surface. The beam ion tail transiently stabilizes the sawtooth instability but destabilizes toroidicity induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs). Saturation of the central heating correlates with the onset of the TAEs. Continued expansion of the q = 1 radius eventually precipitates a sawtooth crash; complete magnetic reconnection is observed. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Heidbrink, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM wwheidbr@uci.edu NR 64 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1369 EP 1389 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/10/302 PG 21 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 255GF UT WOS:000083660600002 ER PT J AU Petty, CC Baity, FW deGrassie, JS Forest, CB Luce, TC Mau, TK Murakami, M Pinsker, RI Politzer, PA Porkolab, M Prater, R AF Petty, CC Baity, FW deGrassie, JS Forest, CB Luce, TC Mau, TK Murakami, M Pinsker, RI Politzer, PA Porkolab, M Prater, R TI Fast wave current drive in H mode plasmas on the DIII-D tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON RANGE; FUSION-TEST-REACTOR; CURRENT PROFILES; CONFINEMENT; FREQUENCIES; ABSORPTION; OPERATION; FIELD AB Current driven by fast Alfven waves is measured in H mode and VH mode plasmas on the DIII-D tokamak for the first time. Analysis of the poloidal flux evolution shows that the fast wave current drive profile is centrally peaked but sometimes broader than theoretically expected. Although the measured current drive efficiency is in agreement with theory for plasmas with infrequent ELMs, the current drive efficiency is an order of magnitude too low for plasmas with rapid ELMs. Power modulation experiments show that the reduction in current drive with increasing ELM frequency is due to a reduction in the fraction of centrally absorbed fast wave power. The absorption and current drive are weakest when the electron density outside the plasma separatrix is raised above the fast wave cut-off density by the ELMs, possibly allowing an edge loss mechanism to dissipate the fast wave power since the cut-off density is a barrier for fast waves leaving the plasma. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Petty, CC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, ERB, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Craig.Petty@gav.gat.com NR 43 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1421 EP 1432 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/10/305 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 255GF UT WOS:000083660600005 ER PT J AU Bozzi, C Carassiti, V Ramusino, AC Dittongo, S Folegani, M Piemontese, L Abbott, BK Breon, AB Clark, AR Dow, S Fan, Q Goozen, F Hernikl, C Karcher, A Kerth, LT Kipnis, I Luft, P Luo, L Nyman, M Pedrali-Noy, M Roe, NA Zizka, G Barni, D Brenna, E Defendi, I Forti, A Giugni, D Lanni, F Palombo, F Vaniev, V Leona, A Mandelli, E Manfredi, P Perazzo, A Re, V Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Dutra, F Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, M Lusiani, A Mammini, P Morganti, M Morsani, F Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Simi, G Triggiani, G Vitale, R Burchat, P Cheng, C Kirkby, D Meyer, T Roat, C Bianchi, F Daudo, F Di Girolamo, B Gamba, D Giraudo, G Grosso, P Romero, A Smol, A Trapani, P Zanin, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Pompili, A Poropat, P Prest, M Rastelli, C Vallazza, E Vuagnin, G Hast, C Potter, EP Sharma, V Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Eppich, A Hale, D Hall, K Hart, P Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O May, J Richman, J Roberts, D Witherell, M Beringer, J Eisner, A Frey, A Grillo, A Grothe, M Johnson, R Kroeger, W Lockman, W Rowe, W Seiden, A Spencer, E Turri, M Wilder, M Charles, E Elmer, P Nielsen, J Orejudos, W Scott, I Walsh, J Zobernig, H AF Bozzi, C Carassiti, V Ramusino, AC Dittongo, S Folegani, M Piemontese, L Abbott, BK Breon, AB Clark, AR Dow, S Fan, Q Goozen, F Hernikl, C Karcher, A Kerth, LT Kipnis, I Luft, P Luo, L Nyman, M Pedrali-Noy, M Roe, NA Zizka, G Barni, D Brenna, E Defendi, I Forti, A Giugni, D Lanni, F Palombo, F Vaniev, V Leona, A Mandelli, E Manfredi, P Perazzo, A Re, V Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Dutra, F Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, M Lusiani, A Mammini, P Morganti, M Morsani, F Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Simi, G Triggiani, G Vitale, R Burchat, P Cheng, C Kirkby, D Meyer, T Roat, C Bianchi, F Daudo, F Di Girolamo, B Gamba, D Giraudo, G Grosso, P Romero, A Smol, A Trapani, P Zanin, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Pompili, A Poropat, P Prest, M Rastelli, C Vallazza, E Vuagnin, G Hast, C Potter, EP Sharma, V Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Eppich, A Hale, D Hall, K Hart, P Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O May, J Richman, J Roberts, D Witherell, M Beringer, J Eisner, A Frey, A Grillo, A Grothe, M Johnson, R Kroeger, W Lockman, W Rowe, W Seiden, A Spencer, E Turri, M Wilder, M Charles, E Elmer, P Nielsen, J Orejudos, W Scott, I Walsh, J Zobernig, H TI The BaBar silicon vertex tracker SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX 98) CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 1998 CL SANTORINI, GREECE DE SVT; BaBar experiment; silicon strip detectors AB The Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) for the BaBar experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric B factory is a 5-layer device based on double-sided AC-coupled silicon strip detectors. It is read out by a custom IC, the AToM chip, that can simultaneously acquire, digitize and transmit data. The main purpose of the SVT is to accurately measure the decay position of the B mesons that are produced, which is essential for extracting CP asymmetries. Here, we report on the SVT design as well as progress on its fabrication and assembly. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Long, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; OI Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Cotta Ramusino, Angelo/0000-0003-1727-2478; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; PREST, MICHELA/0000-0003-3161-4454 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00407-6 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 238CM UT WOS:000082693400005 ER PT J AU Affolder, A Azi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Barbaro-Galtieri, A Basti, A Bedeschi, F Bisello, D Blusk, S Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Connolly, A Demina, R Donati, S Ely, R Field, R Garcia-Sciveres, M Goldstein, J Grim, G Guerzoni, M Haber, C Hara, K Hartmann, F Heiss, A Hill, C Hrycyk, M Incandela, J Kato, Y Kim, BJ Knoblauch, D Kruse, M Lei, CM Leone, S Martignon, G Mcyntire, P Miyazaki, Y Moggi, A Muller, T Munar-Ara, A Okusawa, T Palmonari, F Paulini, M Pellett, D Piacentino, G Raffaelli, F Saltzberg, D Sanders, E Schilling, M Shimojima, M Stuart, D Takano, T Takikawa, K Tipton, P Turini, N Volobouev, I Wenzel, H Yao, W Yoshida, T Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, A Azi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Barbaro-Galtieri, A Basti, A Bedeschi, F Bisello, D Blusk, S Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Connolly, A Demina, R Donati, S Ely, R Field, R Garcia-Sciveres, M Goldstein, J Grim, G Guerzoni, M Haber, C Hara, K Hartmann, F Heiss, A Hill, C Hrycyk, M Incandela, J Kato, Y Kim, BJ Knoblauch, D Kruse, M Lei, CM Leone, S Martignon, G Mcyntire, P Miyazaki, Y Moggi, A Muller, T Munar-Ara, A Okusawa, T Palmonari, F Paulini, M Pellett, D Piacentino, G Raffaelli, F Saltzberg, D Sanders, E Schilling, M Shimojima, M Stuart, D Takano, T Takikawa, K Tipton, P Turini, N Volobouev, I Wenzel, H Yao, W Yoshida, T Zetti, F Zucchelli, S TI The intermediate silicon layers detector at CDFII: Design and progress SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX 98) CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 1998 CL SANTORINI, GREECE AB The Intermediate Silicon Layers Detector is presently being built as part of the CDF upgrades to prepare for the next Tevatron data taking run, scheduled to start in the year 2000. The ISL will be located in the radial region between the Silicon Vertex Detector and the Central Outer Tracker. It will add tracking in the forward region and significantly improve tracking in the central region. Together with the SVX II, the ISL forms a standalone, 3D silicon tracker. In this article we present the design of the ISL and the current status of its construction. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Fermilab, Batavia, IL USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Univ Cassino, I-03043 Cassino, Italy. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Hartmann, F (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014 OI Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00408-8 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 238CM UT WOS:000082693400007 ER PT J AU Garcia-Sciveres, M Milgrome, O Zimmerman, T Volobouev, I Ely, RP Connolly, A Fish, D Affolder, T Sill, A AF Garcia-Sciveres, M Milgrome, O Zimmerman, T Volobouev, I Ely, RP Connolly, A Fish, D Affolder, T Sill, A TI The SVX3D integrated circuit for dead-timeless silicon strip readout SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX 98) CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 1998 CL SANTORINI, GREECE DE SVX3D; CMOS process; silicon strops ID CHIP AB The revision D of the SVX3 readout IC has been fabricated in the Honeywell radiation-hard 0.8 mu m bulk CMOS process, for instrumenting 712,704 silicon strips in the upgrade to the Collider Detector at Fermilab. This final revision incorporates new features and changes to the original architecture that were added to meet the goal of dead-timeless operation. This paper describes the features central to dead-timeless operation, and presents test data for un-irradiated and irradiated SVX3D chips. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Garcia-Sciveres, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 50B-5239,Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013 NR 11 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00409-X PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 238CM UT WOS:000082693400009 ER PT J AU Christian, DC Appel, JA Cancelo, G Kwan, S Hoff, J Mekkaoui, A Srage, J Yarema, R Zimmermann, S AF Christian, DC Appel, JA Cancelo, G Kwan, S Hoff, J Mekkaoui, A Srage, J Yarema, R Zimmermann, S TI Development of a pixel readout chip for BTeV SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX 98) CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 1998 CL SANTORINI, GREECE ID ATLAS AB A description is given of the R&D program underway at Fermilab to develop a pixel readout ASIC appropriate for use at the Tevatron collider. Results are presented from tests performed on the first prototype pixel readout chip designed at Fermilab, and a new readout architecture is described. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Christian, DC (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 32 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00421-0 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 238CM UT WOS:000082693400017 ER PT J AU Bortoletto, D Bolla, G Guenther, M Grim, GP Lander, RL Willard, S Li, Z AF Bortoletto, D Bolla, G Guenther, M Grim, GP Lander, RL Willard, S Li, Z TI Radiation damage studies of multi-guard ring p-type bulk diodes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX 98) CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 1998 CL SANTORINI, GREECE DE silicon; radiation damage ID DUAL PARTON MODEL; DETECTORS; DEVICES AB Several diodes with different multi-guard ring structures were fabricated from 10 k Ohm cm p-type bulk material. Studies on the performance of such devices are presented here. They include the measurement of the leakage current, breakdown voltage and charge collection efficiency before and after 2 x 10(14) p/cm(2) irradiation with 63.3 MeV kinetic protons. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. RP Bortoletto, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 1-2 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00438-6 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 238CM UT WOS:000082693400021 ER PT J AU Friedl, M Adam, W Bauer, C Berdermann, E Bergonzo, P Bogani, F Borchi, E Brambilla, A Bruzzi, M Colledani, C Conway, J Dabrowski, W Delpierre, P Deneuville, A Dulinski, W van Eijk, B Fallou, A Fizzotti, F Foulon, F Gan, KK Gheeraert, E Grigoriev, E Hallewell, G Hall-Wilton, R Han, S Hartjes, F Hrubec, J Husson, D Kagan, H Kania, D Kaplon, J Karl, C Kass, R Knopfle, KT Krammer, M Logiudice, A Lu, R Manfredi, PF Manfredotti, C Marshall, RD Meier, D Mishina, M Oh, A Pan, LS Palmieri, VG Pernegger, H Pernicka, M Peitz, A Pirollo, S Polesello, P Pretzl, K Re, V Riester, JL Roe, S Roff, D Rudge, A Schnetzer, S Sciortino, S Speziali, V Stelzer, H Stone, R Tapper, RJ Tesarek, R Thomson, GB Trawick, M Trischuk, W Vittone, E Walsh, AM Wedenig, R Weilhammer, P Ziock, H Zoeller, M AF Friedl, M Adam, W Bauer, C Berdermann, E Bergonzo, P Bogani, F Borchi, E Brambilla, A Bruzzi, M Colledani, C Conway, J Dabrowski, W Delpierre, P Deneuville, A Dulinski, W van Eijk, B Fallou, A Fizzotti, F Foulon, F Gan, KK Gheeraert, E Grigoriev, E Hallewell, G Hall-Wilton, R Han, S Hartjes, F Hrubec, J Husson, D Kagan, H Kania, D Kaplon, J Karl, C Kass, R Knopfle, KT Krammer, M Logiudice, A Lu, R Manfredi, PF Manfredotti, C Marshall, RD Meier, D Mishina, M Oh, A Pan, LS Palmieri, VG Pernegger, H Pernicka, M Peitz, A Pirollo, S Polesello, P Pretzl, K Re, V Riester, JL Roe, S Roff, D Rudge, A Schnetzer, S Sciortino, S Speziali, V Stelzer, H Stone, R Tapper, RJ Tesarek, R Thomson, GB Trawick, M Trischuk, W Vittone, E Walsh, AM Wedenig, R Weilhammer, P Ziock, H Zoeller, M CA RD42 Collaboration TI CVD diamond detectors for ionizing radiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX 98) CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 1998 CL SANTORINI, GREECE ID READOUT AB In future HEP accelerators, such as the LHC (CERN), detectors and electronics in the vertex region of the experiments will suffer from extreme radiation. Thus radiation hardness is required for both detectors and electronics to survive in this harsh environment. CVD diamond, which is investigated by the RD42 Collaboration at CERN, can meet these requirements. Samples of up to 2 x 4 cm(2) have been grown and refined for better charge collection properties, which are measured with a beta source or in a testbeam. A large number of diamond samples has been irradiated with hadrons to fluences of up to 5 x 10(15) cm(-2) to study the effects of radiation. Both strip and pixel detectors were prepared in various geometries. Samples with strip metallization have been tested with both slow and fast readout electronics, and the first diamond pixel detector proved fully functional with LHC electronics. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osterr Akad Wissensch, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. MPI Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. CEA Saclay, SPE, DEIN, LETI,CEA Technol Avancees, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. LENS, Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. ULP, CNRS, IN2P3, LEPSI, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. CPPM, F-13288 Marseille, France. LEPES, Grenoble, France. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. II Inst Exp Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lab Hochenergiephys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Friedl, M (reprint author), Osterr Akad Wissensch, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. RI Krammer, Manfred/A-6508-2010; Lo Giudice, Alessandro/J-4567-2012; Grigoriev, Eugene/K-6650-2013; Bruzzi, Mara/K-1326-2015; Bergonzo, Philippe/A-6567-2015; Gheeraert, Etienne/E-8071-2015 OI Krammer, Manfred/0000-0003-2257-7751; Lo Giudice, Alessandro/0000-0003-4753-3165; Grigoriev, Eugene/0000-0001-7235-9715; Bruzzi, Mara/0000-0001-7344-8365; Bergonzo, Philippe/0000-0002-0647-9134; Gheeraert, Etienne/0000-0002-9952-5805 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 1-2 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00586-0 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 238CM UT WOS:000082693400023 ER PT J AU Atwood, WB Hernando, JA Hirayama, M Johnson, RP Kroger, W Sadrozinski, HFW AF Atwood, WB Hernando, JA Hirayama, M Johnson, RP Kroger, W Sadrozinski, HFW TI The silicon tracker/converter for the gamma-ray large area space telescope SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX 98) CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 1998 CL SANTORINI, GREECE ID SEARCH AB The Silicon Tracker/Converter of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) will have an active area of 80 m(2), representing one of the largest planned applications of the silicon-strip detector technology The large number of channels (1.3 million) to read out, together with the requirement that the tracker provide the trigger to the data acquisition, force the readout electronics to be of very low noise. Furthermore, to fit into the power constraints of the satellite environment, the electronics must have an ultra-low power consumption. To fulfill these requirements, plus others imposed by the space environment, such as redundancy, a mixed mode CMOS front-end readout chip and a digital readout controller chip have been designed and prototyped. In this article, we present the status of the readout electronics and the results from a test-beam study with a small GLAST tracker prototype. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hernando, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Hernando Morata, Jose Angel/L-7642-2014 OI Hernando Morata, Jose Angel/0000-0002-8683-5142 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 435 IS 1-2 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00442-8 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 238CM UT WOS:000082693400026 ER PT J AU Welton, RF Auble, RL Beene, JR Blackmon, JC Kormicki, J Mueller, PE Stracener, DW Williams, CL AF Welton, RF Auble, RL Beene, JR Blackmon, JC Kormicki, J Mueller, PE Stracener, DW Williams, CL TI A new technique for the production of F-17 beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Letter DE radioactive ion beam; ion source; target; isotope separation; fluorine isotopes; astrophysics; hafnium oxide ID ION SOURCES; HEAVY-IONS; GENERATION; FACILITY; TARGETS AB We have demonstrated that radioactive beams of (AlF+)-F-17 can be produced with intensities as high as 3 x 10(8) ions/s using the conventional Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique employing fibrous HfO2 target material and an external source of Al vapor. Commercially available HfO2 cloth composed of Phi = 4-6 mu m fibers packed to similar to 12% of the bulk density of HfO2, was irradiated with similar to 2 mu A of 44 MeV deuterons from the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC). The target material (1.6 g/cm(2)) was contained in a high-temperature reservoir which was coupled through a heated transfer line, to a conventional plasma ion source where the radioactive ion beam was extracted. During irradiation, a flux of elemental Al vapor was directed through the fibrous material forming a transportable molecule which was then extracted from the source as (AlF+)-F-17. A detailed description of this technique is given and the results of this initial experiment are discussed. The target system was used to inject F-17 into the tandem electrostatic accelerator at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) and used to study the F-17(plp)F-17 excitation function in the F-17 energy range of 10-12 MeV. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Welton, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 1999 VL 159 IS 1-2 BP 116 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(99)00515-7 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 253ND UT WOS:000083561900014 ER PT J AU Firouzbakht, ML Schlyer, DJ Fowler, JS AF Firouzbakht, ML Schlyer, DJ Fowler, JS TI Cryogenic target design considerations for the production of [F-18]fluoride from enriched [O-18]Carbon dioxide SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryogenic target; fluorine-18; O-18(p,n)F-18; isotope production ID CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; O-18 WATER TARGET; F-18 FLUORIDE; PET AB Four cryogenic target designs are described for the production of fluorine-18 in the chemical form of fluoride using oxygen-18-enriched carbon dioxide gas utilizing the O-18(p,n)F-18 nuclear reaction. The targets are conical in shape and made of copper or silver and the carbon dioxide is frozen into the cone at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Three of the targets (2 copper and 1 silver) have four cooling fins extending radially and are different lengths, and one target has only a single heat sink at the rear of the cone. The targets with four cooling fins could be run with 17.4 MeV protons incident on the target material at a beam current of 25 mu A with no detectable volatilization of the target material, although yields did decrease slightly when compared with lower current runs. The target with the single cooling block showed volatilization at about 8 mu A. The two copper targets of different lengths did not show a difference in the volatilization of the target material at the beam current limit of our cyclotron (25 mu A). The shorter target did maintain production with a lower amount of gas frozen into the target, while the longer target maintained production at higher beam currents. Targets of this type are compatible with low energy, high current accelerators because very thin windows may be used. NUCL MED BIOL 26;7:749-753, 1999. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Firouzbakht, ML (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 901, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 15380] NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 26 IS 7 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1016/S0969-8051(99)00036-0 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 254PR UT WOS:000083621800004 PM 10628554 ER PT J AU McPherson, DW Knapp, FF AF McPherson, DW Knapp, FF TI A rapid and simple Sep Pak method for purification of radioiodinated IQNP, a high affinity ligand for the muscarinic receptor SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IQNP; Sep Pak purification; muscarinic receptor ID 1-AZABICYCLO<2.2.2>OCT-3-YL ALPHA-HYDROXY-ALPHA-(1-IODO-1-PROPEN-3-YL)-ALPHA-PHE; IMAGING AGENT; ISOMERS; ALZHEIMERS; SUBTYPES; DEMENTIA; BINDING; DISEASE; BRAIN AB A simplified procedure for the purification of 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl alpha-hydroxy-alpha- (1-iodo-1-propen-3-yl)-alpha-phenylacetate (IQNP) stereoisomers utilizing a silica Sep Pak (SSP) is described. Iodine-131-E- and iodine-125-Z-(R,R)-IQNP were isolated after SSP purification in 80% and 75% radiochemical yields, respectively. The biodistribution of iodine-131-E-/iodine-125-Z-(R,R)-IQNP, purified either by SSP or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was evaluated in female rats and demonstrated no significant differences in the uptake in various organs and cerebral regions, The utilization of SSP thus affords a simple and rapid method for the purification of IQNP for use in a variety of animal studies. NUCL MED BIOL 26;7:859-863, 1999. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McPherson, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Nucl Med Grp, POB 2008,Bldg 4501, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 26 IS 7 BP 859 EP 863 DI 10.1016/S0969-8051(99)00050-5 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 254PR UT WOS:000083621800019 PM 10628569 ER PT J AU Gerber, CE AF Gerber, CE TI Recent results from the Tevatron fixed target and collider experiments SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN ID YAN K-FACTOR; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; CROSS-SECTION; MONTE-CARLO; GLUONS; ORDER AB We present a review of recent QCD related results from the Fermilab Tevatron fixed target and collider experiments. Topics include jet and boson production, W boson and top quark mass measurements, and studies of CP violation. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gerber, CE (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00638-6 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300006 ER PT J AU Yoshida, R AF Yoshida, R CA ZEUS collaboration TI F-2 measurements at ZEUS and phenomenological studies SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN AB Phenomenological studies of the behavior of the proton structure function F-2 from the ZEUS 1994 and 1995 data are presented. The low-x behavior of sea quarks and gluons is further studied using an NLO QCD fit to the same data. Finally, a preliminary the measurement of F-2 in the range of Q(2) from 1.5 GeV2 to 20000 GeV2 from the ZEUS 1996 and 1997 data are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yoshida, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 83 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00639-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300007 ER PT J AU Yang, UK Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, P Bodek, A Budd, H Harris, DA McFarland, KS Sakumoto, WK Johnson, RA Vakili, M Wu, V Arroyo, CG Bazarko, AO Conrad, JM Formaggio, JA Kim, JH King, BJ Koutsoliotas, S Lefmann, WC McNulty, C Mishra, SR Romosan, A Sciulli, FJ Seligman, WG Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Tamminga, BM Vaitaitis, A Bernstein, RH Bugel, L Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Nienaber, P Yu, J Adams, T Alton, A Bolton, T Goldman, J Goncharov, T Naples, D de Barbaro, L Buchholz, D Schellman, H Zeller, GP Brau, J Drucker, RB Frey, R Mason, D Kinnel, T Smith, WH AF Yang, UK Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, P Bodek, A Budd, H Harris, DA McFarland, KS Sakumoto, WK Johnson, RA Vakili, M Wu, V Arroyo, CG Bazarko, AO Conrad, JM Formaggio, JA Kim, JH King, BJ Koutsoliotas, S Lefmann, WC McNulty, C Mishra, SR Romosan, A Sciulli, FJ Seligman, WG Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Tamminga, BM Vaitaitis, A Bernstein, RH Bugel, L Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Nienaber, P Yu, J Adams, T Alton, A Bolton, T Goldman, J Goncharov, T Naples, D de Barbaro, L Buchholz, D Schellman, H Zeller, GP Brau, J Drucker, RB Frey, R Mason, D Kinnel, T Smith, WH TI A measurement of xF(3)(v)-xF(3)((v)over-bar) and R with the CCFR detector SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN ID FLAVOR STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; SCATTERING; DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN AB We report on a measurement of the neutrino-nucleon and antineutrino-nucleon differential cross sections in the CCFR detector. The measurement of the differential cross sections over a wide range of energies allows Delta xF(3) = xF(3)(v)-xF(3)((v) over bar) and R to be extracted. Delta xF(3) is related to the difference between the contributions of the strange and charm seas in the nucleon to production of massive charm quark. The results for Delta xF(3) are compared to various massive charm NLO QCD models. The Q(2) dependence of R for x < 0.1 has been measured for the first time. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Yang, UK (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00641-6 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300009 ER PT J AU Kuhlmann, S AF Kuhlmann, S TI CTEQ5 parton distributions and ongoing studies SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN AB The CTEQ5 parton distributions are described, with emphasis on the changes since CTEQ4. The most significant change is in the quark flavor dependence of the parton distributions, Ongoing studies of large-x parton distributions are discussed. Luminosity estimates are given for HERA in order to improve the present uncertainties of the quark distributions. A discussion of how to improve the gluon uncertainty in the future is presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kuhlmann, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 108 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00648-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300015 ER PT J AU Keppel, C AF Keppel, C TI Quark-hadron duality and nucleon valence structure SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN ID DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; INELASTIC MUON SCATTERING; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; PROTON AB A newly-obtained data sample of inclusive electron-nucleon scattering from deuterium and hydrogen targets at Jefferson Lab has been analyzed for precision tests of quark-hadron duality. In all cases, duality appears to be a non-trivial dynamic property of the nucleon structure function. Assuming duality, the proton magnetic form factor is extracted from the inelastic data alone, and found to ben good agreement with the world's data. Higher twist contributions are found to be small on average, even down to Q(2) approximate to 0.5 GeV2. The investigation yields a scaling curve from duality arguments which resembles deep-inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering data, indicating a potential sensitivity to valence and valence-like structure. C1 Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Keppel, C (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 182 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00669-6 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300037 ER PT J AU Chlebana, FS AF Chlebana, FS TI Dijet results from CDF SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN AB Recent dijet results from CDF are presented. The preliminary dijet mass distribution measured by CDF is presented and compared to QCD calculations. Measurements of dijet angular distributions are used to place limits on quark compositness. A preliminary measurement of the inclusive dijet differential cross section is presented. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60150 USA. RP Chlebana, FS (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60150 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 238 EP 240 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00686-6 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300054 ER PT J AU Kuhlmann, S AF Kuhlmann, S TI Tevatron direct photon results SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN ID PROMPT PHOTON; P(P)OVER-BAR AB Tevatron direct photon results since DIS98 are reviewed. Two new CDF measurements are discussed, the Run Ib inclusive photon cross section and the photon+muon cross section. Comparisons with the latest NLO QCD calculations are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kuhlmann, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 241 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00687-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300055 ER PT J AU Mauritz, K AF Mauritz, K CA DO Collaboration TI Hard diffractive jet production at DO SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; LARGE RAPIDITY GAP; EVENTS; HERA AB Recent results on hard diffraction are discussed for center-of-mass energies of 1800 and 630 GeV, including single diffractive jet production and hard double pomeron exchange. These events have one or two rapidity gaps with concurrent jet production. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mauritz, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00729-X PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300097 ER PT J AU Ingelman, G Edin, A Enberg, R Rathsman, J Timneanu, N AF Ingelman, G Edin, A Enberg, R Rathsman, J Timneanu, N TI Rapidity gaps from colour string topologies SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN ID FERMILAB TEVATRON; SINGLET EXCHANGE; DIJET PRODUCTION; SCATTERING AB Diffractive deep inelastic scattering at HERA and diffractive W and jet production at the Tevatron are well described by soft colour exchange models. Their essence is the variation of colour string-field topologies giving both gap and no-gap events, with a smooth transition and thereby a unified description of all final states. C1 Univ Uppsala, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Ingelman, G (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Box 535, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Timneanu, Nicusor/C-7691-2012 OI Timneanu, Nicusor/0000-0001-7328-0400 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 386 EP 388 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00731-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300099 ER PT J AU Saito, N AF Saito, N TI RHIC spin physics - Status of the polarized collider and spin-flavor structure of the nucleon SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN ID BEAM AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, which is under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory will become the first polarized proton collider. The status of the accelerator and experiments is briefly overviewed. Among various measurements with polarized pp collisions, a study of spin-flavor structure of the nucleon with W production is discussed. C1 RIKEN, Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Saito, N (reprint author), RIKEN, Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 584 EP 587 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00790-2 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300158 ER PT J AU Boer, D AF Boer, D TI Intrinsic transverse momentum and transverse spin asymmetries SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN ID DRELL-YAN PROCESS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; PIONS; QCD AB We investigate leading twist transverse momentum dependent origins of transverse spin asymmetries in hadron-hadron collisions. The chiral-odd T-odd distribution function with intrinsic transverse momentum dependence, which would signal an intrinsic handedness of quarks inside a hadron, could account for single spin asymmetries and at the same time for the large cos 2 phi asymmetry in the unpolarized Drell-Yan cross section, which still lacks understanding. We show explicitly how it would relate unpolarized and polarized observables measurable with proton-proton collisions at RHIC. It would offer a new possibility to access the transversity distribution function. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Boer, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Boer, Daniel/B-3493-2015 OI Boer, Daniel/0000-0003-0985-4662 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 638 EP 640 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00807-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300175 ER PT J AU Morfin, JG AF Morfin, JG TI Future deeply inelastic scattering experiments at Fermilab SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN AB The future of deeply inelastic scattering experiments at Fermilab will be represented by neutrino experiments at the MINOSnear detector site in the NuMI beam and, possibly in post-LHC timeframes, by high intensity neutrino beams from a muon collider/storage-ring source. C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Morfin, JG (reprint author), Fermilab, Batavia, IL USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 664 EP 670 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00810-5 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300178 ER PT J AU Jansen, DM Albrow, M Brugnera, R AF Jansen, DM Albrow, M Brugnera, R TI Diffractive interactions: Experimental summary SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN ID MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; EP COLLISIONS; HIGH-ENERGIES; SCATTERING; PHOTON; POMERON; QCD AB Experimental results on diffraction, which were presented at the 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD (DIS99), are summarized. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. RP Jansen, DM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 732 EP 739 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00815-4 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300183 ER PT J AU Cacciari, M Chlebana, F Sinclair, L Weber, M AF Cacciari, M Chlebana, F Sinclair, L Weber, M TI Progress and problems in QCD - Report from the Hadronic Final States Working Group at DIS99 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL DESY ZEUTHEN, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY HO DESY ZEUTHEN ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; JET RATES; HERA; ALPHA(S); SPECTRA AB We present a summary of the hadronic final states parallel sessions of the DIS99 workshop. Topics were presented over two days and included both theoretical and experimental talks. Recent progress in the understanding of QCD in deep inelastic scattering, e(+)e(-) collisions, and in gamma and p collisions was discussed. C1 CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60150 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Cacciari, M (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 BP 740 EP 754 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(99)00816-6 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 252EG UT WOS:000083488300184 ER PT J AU Difilippo, FC AF Difilippo, FC TI Applications of Monte Carlo simulations of thermalization processes to the nondestructive assay of graphite SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This work originated because of the need to measure (in situ and nondestructively) the degree of purity of the graphite of the Swiss critical facility Proteus. The comparison between measured and calculated values of the decay constant of a pulse of neutrons lambda was the chosen technique. The decay constant (in the absence of fissile materials) depends, mainly, on the purity of the graphite (via the absorption process) and leakage. The leakage factor depends on the thermalization process and the geometry of the system. Because it is very difficult to calculate in complex geometries like the Proteus cavity, Monte Carlo simulations of the behavior of a pulse of neutrons were made with the MCNP code. Despite all the sophistication of MCNP, the ultimate accuracy of the calculations is dependent upon the quality of the nuclear data that describe the thermalization process in the graphite. A recent review of these data shows that very little has changed in the last 30 yr in the ENDF/B evaluation of the double-differential scattering cross section. We decided then to benchmark the current state of the art to compute kinetics experiments in graphite (the MCNP code and the ENDF/B-VI cross-section set) against experimental data and other theoretical results for the analysis of the thermalization problem. Two classes of experiments were analyzed: (a) neutron wave propagation, where the observable is the complex relaxation length, and (b) poised neutron decay, where lambda is measured as a function of the dimensions of the graphite. Once the bias of the calculational technique was known, it was used to calculate the neutron decay constant of the Proteus cavity as a function of the B-10 equivalent impurity concentration. A comparison with pulsed neutron decay experiments made at Proteus allowed the determination of the degree of purity of the graphite. In this last part, we took full advantage of the sophistication of the MCNP code to model many derails of the facility quite accurately including room return effects. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Difilippo, FC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, POB 2008,Bldg 6025, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 133 IS 2 BP 163 EP 177 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 242GU UT WOS:000082932800003 ER PT J AU Paik, SH AF Paik, SH TI RELAP5-3D multidimensional heat conduction enclosure model for RBMK reactor application SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RELAP5-3D; multi-dimensional heat conduction; RBMK reactor core AB A heat conduction enclosure model is conceived and implemented by RELAP5-3D between hear structures. The suggested model uses a lumped parameter model that is generally applicable to multidimensional calculational domain. This new model is applied to calculation of RBMK reactor core graphite blocks and is compared to the commercially available Fluid Dynamics Analysis Package (FIDAP) finite element code. Reasonably good agreement between the results of RELAP5-3D and FIDAP is obtained. The new heat conduction enclosure model gives RELAPS-3D a general multidimensional heat conduction capability. It also provides new routes for temperature cooloff of the RBMK graphite blocks from the ruptured channel to the surrounding ones. This ability to predict graphite temperature cooloff is very important during accidents or for transient simulation, especially concerning long-term coolability of the RBMK reactor core. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Paik, SH (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 128 IS 1 BP 87 EP 102 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 241ZN UT WOS:000082913900008 ER PT J AU Hobbs, DT AF Hobbs, DT TI Precipitation of uranium and plutonium from alkaline salt solutions SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uranium; plutonium; coprecipitation ID COPRECIPITATION; ADSORPTION; SOLUBILITY; CHEMISTRY; OXIDES; IRON AB Addition of sodium hydroxide to radioactive waste solutions pp produced a heterogeneous mixture of solids that exhibit different settling characteristics. Plutonium effectively coprecipitated with iron and uranium, and uranium with iron. Aluminum proved ineffective as a coprecipitating agent for either plutonium or uranium. Coprecipitation of uranium and plutonium occurs when the mole ratio of coprecipitating agent to actinide exceeds 1500. Addition of water to the alkaline slurries that simulate dilution during retrieval and pretreatment of high-level wastes results in dissolution of small amounts of uranium and plutonium in some slurries. The amount of uranium and plutonium dissolved did not saturate the solution in either actinide. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hobbs, DT (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 128 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 241ZN UT WOS:000082913900009 ER PT J AU Friedberg, R Lee, TD Zhao, WQ AF Friedberg, R Lee, TD Zhao, WQ TI Relations between low-lying quantum wave functions and solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA A-NUCLEI PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article AB We discuss a new relation between the low-lying Schrodinger wave function of a particle in a one-dimensional potential V and the solution of the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equation with -V as its potential. The function V is greater than or equal to 0, and can have several minima (V = 0). We assume the problem to be characterized by a small anharmonicity parameter g(-1) and a much smaller quantum tunneling parameter epsilon between these different minima. Expanding either the wave function or its energy as a formal double power series in g(-1) and epsilon we show how the coefficients of g(-m)epsilon(n) in such an expansion can be expressed in terms of definite integrals, with leading-order term determined by the classical solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. A detailed analysis is given for the particular example of quartic potential V = 1/2g(2)(x(2) - a(2))(2). C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. China Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, World Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. Acad Sinica, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Friedberg, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 2 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 4 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1861 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO A JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A-Nucl. Part. Fields PD OCT PY 1999 VL 112 IS 10 BP 1195 EP 1228 PG 34 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 284EV UT WOS:000085318500011 ER PT J AU Plague, GR AF Plague, GR TI Evolution of net-spinning caddisflies: a hypothetical mechanisn for the reproductive isolation of conspecific competitors SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID GENE FLOW; SPECIATION; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; SIZE; TIME AB Net-spinning caddisflies construct capture nets with a wide range of mesh sizes, although the ancestral net-spinner presumably spun large-meshed nets while inhabiting high current velocity microhabitats, Thorp proposed that the evolutionary diversification of mesh sizes resulted from the competitive displacement of some net-spinners into lower flow microhabitats where less Hater and therefore less food passed through their nets. As a result, smaller meshes were selectively advantageous because they captured smaller, more abundant food items. Although competition is often strongest between conspecifics, Thorp did not present a mechanism by which reproductive isolation, and ultimately speciation. would be achieved between the competitively inferior and superior individuals, One such mechanism may have been temporal isolation, Because the initially large-meshed nets of the competitively inferior caddisflies would have been inefficient in the lower flow microhabitats, these individuals would hare theoretically grown slow er and emerged as adults later than the competitively superior individuals, which in turn would have led to reduced gene flow between the two populations, Although temporal isolation may not have been their final reproductive isolating mechanism, it may have opened the door to the evolution of other isolating mechanisms. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Plague, GR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 1999 VL 87 IS 1 BP 204 EP 208 DI 10.2307/3547015 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248AG UT WOS:000083252700025 ER PT J AU Vikram, CS AF Vikram, CS TI Wedge prism for direction resolved speckle correlation interferometry SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE speckle interferometry; wedge prism; strain sign; residual stress; spatial phase shifting; carrier fringes; biaxial interferometer; small strains ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM; FRINGE-PATTERN AB The role of a wedge prism for strain sign determination and to enhance the sensitivity for subfringe changes is presented. The design and incorporation aspects for in-plane sensitive interferometers are described in detail. Some experimental results dealing with stress determination by laser annealing and speckle correlation interferometry are presented. The prism can also be applied to produce standardized carrier fringes in spatial phase shifting interferometry. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)01710-9]. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Appl Opt, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Vikram, CS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Appl Opt, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1743 EP 1747 DI 10.1117/1.602227 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 243YG UT WOS:000083024600020 ER PT J AU Hou, PY AF Hou, PY TI Beyond the sulfur effect SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE Al(2)O(3); adhesion; interface; sulfur; reactive element ID OXIDE SCALE ADHERENCE; ALUMINA INTERFACES; METAL INTERFACE; SEGREGATION; ADHESION; GROWTH; ALLOYS; OXIDATION; ELEMENTS; YTTRIUM AB The addition of reactive elements (REs) is known to increase the adherence of Al(2)O(3) scales and the underlying alloys. A widely accepted mechanism is that the REs getter the sulfur impurity in the alloy, thus preventing it from segregating to the scale-alloy interface to weaken the interfacial bonding. This paper provides evidence showing that not all S-free interfaces ave strong. Although eliminating the sulfur in the alloy can greatly improve scale adhesion, the presence of RE clearly has additional beneficial effects that make the scale-alloy interface even stronger. Fe(3)Al-base alloys, with or without Zr additions or a desulfurization H(2)-anneal were oxidized at 1000 degrees C in O(2). The amount of sulfur at the Al(2)O(3)-alloy interface was studied after the scales were removed by scratching with a diamond stylus in ultra-high vacuum using Auger spectroscopy. The interface composition was related to the spallation resistance of the scale. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 351 DI 10.1023/A:1018899729758 PG 15 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 217EJ UT WOS:000081486800009 ER PT J AU Clark, DE Allison, T AF Clark, DE Allison, T TI Spent nuclear fuel and residential property values: the influence of proximity, visual cues and public information SO PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nuclear fuel; property values; hedonic modeling ID WASTE; RISK; PERCEPTIONS; STORAGE; IMPACTS; CHOICE; PRICES; SITE AB This article examines whether public knowledge of spent fuel storage at nuclear power plants, and any local adverse risk perceptions that may have occurred, affect the sale price of single-family residential properties. We present evidence from the Rancho Seco, California, plant on residential property values using an hedonic modeling framework, We include a large number of control variables, data with a high level of spatial detail and a number of public information variables in order to model property market effects within a fifteen mile radius of the plant. Our findings indicate that proximity and visual reminders of the plant have some influence on local property markets, and that there is a small media coverage effect on single-family home sale prices. JEL classification: R14, R20. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Econ, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Policy & Econ Anal Grp, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Clark, DE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Econ, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1056-8190 J9 PAP REG SCI JI Pap. Reg. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 78 IS 4 BP 403 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s101100050034 PG 19 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 293PR UT WOS:000085862200004 ER PT J AU Gupta, R AF Gupta, R TI General physics motivations for numerical simulations of quantum field theory SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE quantum field theory; lattice QCD; non-perturbative methods; parallel computers ID GAUGE-THEORY; MONTE-CARLO; MASSES; FERMIONS; QUARKS AB In this introductory article a brief description of quantum field theories (QFT) is presented with emphasis on the distinction between strongly and weakly coupled theories. A case is made for using numerical simulations to solve QGD, the regnant theory describing the interactions between quarks and gluons. I present an overview of what these calculations involve, why they are hard, and why they are tailor made for parallel computers. Finally, I try to communicate the excitement amongst the practitioners by giving examples of the quantities we will be able to calculate to within a few percent accuracy in the next five years. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8 Grp,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 25 IS 10-11 BP 1199 EP 1215 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(99)00046-0 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 240EB UT WOS:000082812000002 ER PT J AU Kolman, DG Scully, JR AF Kolman, DG Scully, JR TI Continuum mechanics characterization of plastic deformation-induced oxide film rupture SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID BETA-TITANIUM ALLOYS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTRODES; FRACTURE; STRESS; STRAIN; STEEL AB The film rupture behaviour of dynamically strained metastable Ti-15 wt% Mo-3 wt% Nb-3 wt% Al in the solution-treated and aged (STA) (beta + alpha) condition that is prone to coplanar slip was examined. Film rupture was detected by rapid data acquisition (10 000 Hz, 40 nA resolution) of repassivation current transients on fatigue precracked, circumferentially notched, and smooth tensile specimens. Finite element modelling of notch stress and strain fields was conducted to correlate the onset of film rupture with continuum mechanics analysis of notch stress and strain fields. Discrete film rupture repassivation transients were only observed in notched and smooth specimens when local notch stresses exceeded the uniaxial tensile yield strength of the STA alloy over a depth of about four grain diameters, and upon necking, respectively. Such extensive plastic deformation was a necessary but not sufficient criterion for observation of discrete current transients. Local plastic strain rates exceeding 1.4 x 10(-5) s(-1) were also required for film rupture detection. It is theorized that such plastic strain rates are required to result in emergence times of individual dislocations such that individual repassivation events overlap and sum to form an observable superdislocation current spike. Otherwise a gradual rise in anodic current is observed. Evidence to support the former scenario includes (a) coplanar slip bands large enough to require > 1000 dislocations, (b) current spikes that become larger anti narrower with strain rate, and (c) cessation of current spikes during load holds. Variations in solution composition (i.e, anion type), and solution pH had no discernible effect on film rupture, suggesting that, in the presence of 1 nm thick oxides, oxide film properties play little role in film rupture. Therefore, sub-surface deformation controls film rupture on beta-titanium alloys. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Kolman, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Street, Steven/A-5398-2015 OI Street, Steven/0000-0002-8999-3701 NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 IS 10 BP 2313 EP 2338 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 242KR UT WOS:000082940300001 ER PT J AU Turner, PA Tome, CN Christodoulou, N Woo, CH AF Turner, PA Tome, CN Christodoulou, N Woo, CH TI A self-consistent model for polycrystals undergoing simultaneous irradiation and thermal creep SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; GROWTH AB A self-consistent model is presented that describes the creep response of a polycrystalline aggregate consisting of grains which exhibit a single crystal deformation law expressed as a sum of stress powers. A number of limitations of the self-consistent formulation are discussed and an approximate scheme is proposed for solving the mixed creep problem. In particular the model is applied to simulate a material that deforms simultaneously under neutron irradiation and thermal creep. In this case the single crystal creep rate has two components, one due to irradiation creep, which depends linearly on stress, and another, due to thermal creep, that depends nonlinearly on stress. Using the approximate scheme mentioned above and scanning the stress space, it is shown that, at the macroscopic level, the coupling between thermal creep and irradiation creep is significant in a range of applied stress which is a function of the irradiation and thermal creep parameters. In general the coupling of both mechanisms can be neglected in the macroscopic level when the stress magnitude exceeds a given value. This result greatly simplifies the calculation of the deformation rate of the polycrystalline aggregate, since it defines the range of conditions at which the linear superposition of irradiation creep and thermal creep in the macroscopic level gives an accurate estimate of the overall response. C1 Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Labs, Reactor Mat Res Branch, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong. RP Turner, PA (reprint author), Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Labs, Reactor Mat Res Branch, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RI Woo, Chung Ho/E-3657-2010; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 IS 10 BP 2505 EP 2524 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 242KR UT WOS:000082940300010 ER PT J AU Fisher, IR Kramer, MJ Wiener, TA Islam, Z Ross, AR Lograsso, TA Kracher, A Goldman, AI Canfield, PC AF Fisher, IR Kramer, MJ Wiener, TA Islam, Z Ross, AR Lograsso, TA Kracher, A Goldman, AI Canfield, PC TI On the growth of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals from the ternary melt SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; PHASE; AL70MN9PD21; RESISTIVITY; GRAIN; SIZE AB Icosahedral Al71Pd21Mn8 quasicrystals have been grown from the ternary melt via a 'self-flux' technique. The nucleation is exceptionally well controlled, and individual grains can have masses of up to almost 30 g (limited only by the dimensions of the growth crucible). The quasicrystals grown by this technique are readily separated from the melt by decanting and clearly manifest a dodecahedral morphology with pentagonal facets. X-ray Ind electron-diffraction data indicate a remarkably well-ordered structure, with a correlation length of over 1000 Angstrom. The magnetic susceptibility has a temperature-independent diamagnetic component and a temperature-dependent paramagnetic term. For temperatures greater than approximately 60 K, the paramagnetic term follows a Curie-Weiss temperature dependence characterized by an average effective moment of 0.62 +/- 0.02 mu(B)/Mn and a Weiss temperature of -12.8 +/- 0.1 K. Deviations from the Curie-Weiss temperature dependence for temperatures less than approximately 60 K may be due to the formation Of local (short range) magnetic correlations. The electrical resistivity has a broad maximum at approximately 90 K and a room-temperature value of 1.57 +/- 0.05 m Omega cm. We note that the previously observed empirical trend that:a very high resistivity is associated with the highest quality Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals does not seem to be in general true and that these high-quality (as demonstrated by X-ray and electron diffraction) 'flux-grown' samples have a relatively low room-temperature resistivity. In addition to the ternary icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals, a novel pseudo-quaternary icosahedral quasicrystal, Al67Ga4Pd21Mn8, is described. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fisher, IR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1673 EP 1684 DI 10.1080/13642819908218330 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 242KQ UT WOS:000082940200014 ER PT J AU Chilcott, TC Schoenborn, BP Cooke, DW Coster, HGL AF Chilcott, TC Schoenborn, BP Cooke, DW Coster, HGL TI Anomalous electrical behaviour of single-crystal glycine near room temperature SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PROTEIN CRYSTALS; CHEMISTRY AB Electrical impedance measurements of single-crystal glycine reveal anomalous temperature dependence of the conductance and capacitance. Upon cooling the crystal from 50 degrees C the conductance decreases smoothly from an initial value of 0.1 nS to about 0.02 nS at 31 degrees C. Further cooling, however, causes a dramatic increase in conductance with a magnitude approaching 100 nS at 21 degrees C. Similar anomalous behaviour is exhibited by the concurrently measured capacitance; it is approximately temperature independent above 31 degrees C but decreases precipitously below this temperature. This unusual electrical behaviour is not explained readily by the conduction mechanisms expected to apply to these materials but is consistent with the onset of pyroelectricity at 31 degrees C. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Dept Biophys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ New S Wales, UNESCO, Ctr Membrane Sci & Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Schoenborn, BP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1695 EP 1701 DI 10.1080/13642819908218332 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 242KQ UT WOS:000082940200016 ER PT J AU Li, M Zhou, SJ AF Li, M Zhou, SJ TI Investigation of jog motion in gamma-TiAl via molecular dynamics SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; DISLOCATION; SIMULATIONS; POTENTIALS AB The elastic displacement field of a jogged screw dislocation is obtained analytically from Burgers equation. With this analytic solution, a pair of jogs in a screw dislocation is implemented into molecular-dynamics simulations. The dislocation line bows out between two jog pinning points and breaks away when the line tension of the dislocation exceeds a certain critical value. The creation of vacancies and interstitials is observed during the non-conservative motion of the jogged screw dislocation in gamma-TiAl. The structures of vacancies and interstitials are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhou, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 IS 10 BP 773 EP 784 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 242KV UT WOS:000082940700001 ER PT J AU Yan, Y Kirk, MA AF Yan, Y Kirk, MA TI 'Nanotwin' networks connecting columnar defects in YBa2Cu3O7-delta and implications for magnetic vortex interactions SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-T-C; TWIN BOUNDARIES; CRYSTALS; LOCALIZATION; IRRADIATION AB A unique structure, a network of nanotwins, is revealed for the first time in high-energy ion-irradiated YBa2Cu3O7-delta This structure is shown to form only at ion doses of 10(11) cm(-2) or greater and thus is not revealed in any earlier electron microscopy studies. In this higher-dose regime, the well known columnar defects are connected by the nanotwin structure, thus affecting bulk superconducting properties. Consequences for a number of published interpretations of such measurements related to pinning and dynamics of magnetic vortices are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 IS 10 BP 841 EP 848 DI 10.1080/095008399176670 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 242KV UT WOS:000082940700009 ER PT J AU Seltzer, S AF Seltzer, S TI 13-Acetoxy-13-desmethylretinal-14-H-3: Synthesis and interaction with bacterioopsin SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIS-TRANS ISOMERIZATION; HALOALKANE DEHALOGENASE; HALOBACTERIUM-HALOBIUM; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PURPLE MEMBRANE; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; PIGMENTS; PROTEIN; RHODOPSIN; MECHANISM AB The title compound (4) was synthesized in three steps from 1,1-dimethoxy-7-methyl-9-(2',6',6'-trimethyl-1-cy-clohexen-1-yl)-4E,6E,8E-nonatrien-3-one (1). Interaction of 4 with bacterioopsin produced a pigment absorbing at 573 nm, which, on long standing in the dark, moves to 406 nm, mirroring the behavior of nonradioactive 4 with bacterioopsin (S. Seltzer, J. Org. Chem. 60, 1189-1194, 1993). Compound 4 was designed to test for the involvement of a nucleophilic side chain, presumably asp-212, in catalyzing the dark cis-trans isomerization of bound retinal, through its attack at C-13. Such a mechanism is anticipated to lead to a cross-linked product where the nucleophile replaces the 13-acetoxy group when 4 is substituted for the natural chromophore. The protein, reconstituted with 4, after extensive washing, solubilization in dimethylsulfoxide and extensive dialysis retains its radioactivity suggesting the establishment of a cross-link. Solution in 6 M urea, however, results in substantial loss of radioactivity, suggesting that the unfolded labeled protein suffers hydrolysis of the very labile 13-enolester group followed by proton exchange. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Seltzer, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 70 IS 4 BP 680 EP 685 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 249VQ UT WOS:000083354300033 ER PT J AU Mentrup, D Schnack, J Luban, M AF Mentrup, D Schnack, J Luban, M TI Spin dynamics of quantum and classical Heisenberg dimers SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article DE classical statistics; quantum statistics; canonical ensemble; Heisenberg model; spin dimer ID CLUSTERS; SYSTEMS; RINGS; IONS AB Analytical solutions for the time-dependent autocorrelation function of the classical and quantum mechanical spin dimer with arbitrary spin are presented and compared. For large spin quantum numbers or high temperature the classical and the quantum dimer become more and more similar, yet with the major difference that the quantum autocorrelation function is periodic in time whereas the classical is not. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schnack, J (reprint author), Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, Barbarastr 7, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. RI Schnack, Jurgen/A-4079-2008 OI Schnack, Jurgen/0000-0003-0702-2723 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 272 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(99)00239-3 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244YZ UT WOS:000083079500010 ER PT J AU Ivanova, K Ausloos, M Davis, AB Ackerman, TP AF Ivanova, K Ausloos, M Davis, AB Ackerman, TP TI Atmospheric data analysis with the i-variability diagram method: hint to fractional Brownian motion-like phenomena for the inner structure of clouds SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article DE atmospheric data analysis; variability diagram method; clouds ID TIME-SERIES; STRATOCUMULUS; CRITICALITY AB A method to sort out short-range correlations and decorrelations in meteorology physical data is introduced. An i-variability diagram statistical method is used on liquid water cloud content taken from the ASTEX 92 program data set. The i = 1,2 cases are treated here. The subsequent points are found to be embedded in polygons for which the inertial axes are calculated and are shown to have non-trivial values. Such findings are similar to those found in biological and financial data sequences. This suggests ways of modeling inner cloud structure, and possibly alter meteorological fields, using fractional Brownian motion type constraints. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Liege, SUPRAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Univ Liege, Inst Phys B5, GRASP, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Dept Energy, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ivanova, K (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. OI Ivanova, Kristinka/0000-0003-4521-0944 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 272 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(99)00293-9 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 244YZ UT WOS:000083079500019 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JM Gabriel, TA Iverson, EB Jerng, DW AF Carpenter, JM Gabriel, TA Iverson, EB Jerng, DW TI The 10,000,000,000-Volt question: What is the best choice of proton energy to drive a pulsed spallation neutron source? SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article DE spallation; neutron sources; neutron yield; power density; proton energy dependence AB In pulsed spallation neutron sources, higher proton beam current or higher proton energy brings higher proton beam power, and from greater beam power come more neutrons. Consequently, accelerator scientists and target systems designers conceive systems to produce ever-higher intensities of neutrons, and the question arises: What is the best choice of proton energy to drive a pulsed spallation neutron source? Meanwhile target engineering, radiation shielding, and neutronic coupling to moderators must be accomplished effectively. This paper addresses the title question from the target side, assessing the neutron yield, the distribution of leakage neutrons, and the power density distribution as functions of proton energy. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Carpenter, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Bldg 360, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Iverson, Erik /0000-0002-7920-705X NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD OCT PY 1999 VL 270 IS 3-4 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(99)00179-9 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 236KA UT WOS:000082597700009 ER PT J AU Zalka, C AF Zalka, C TI Grover's quantum searching algorithm is optimal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB I show that for any number of oracle lookups up to about pi/4 root N Grover's quantum searching algorithm gives the maximal possible probability of finding the desired element. I explain why this is also true for quantum algorithms which use measurements during the computation. I also show that unfortunately quantum searching cannot be parallelized better than by assigning different parts of the search space to independent quantum computers. [S1050-2947(99)09209-4]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zalka, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-6,MS B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 160 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 2746 EP 2751 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.2746 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 247BP UT WOS:000083201000029 ER PT J AU Langereis, A Nordgren, J Bliman, S Cornille, M Bruch, R Phaneuf, RA Schneider, D AF Langereis, A Nordgren, J Bliman, S Cornille, M Bruch, R Phaneuf, RA Schneider, D TI Experimental study of single- and double-electron transfer in slow Ne8++Hecollisions using photon and electron spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLY CHARGED IONS; DOUBLE CAPTURE; CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISIONS; STATES; STABILIZATION; TARGETS; NE8++HE; ATOMS; H-2 AB Single- and double-electron transfer from He to the Ne8+(ls(2))S-0(1) ion has been studied at 80 keV by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopy and zero-degree electron spectroscopy. Signals originating from the stabilization after two-electron capture are identified in the photon data. This gives information on the stabilization of two electrons on the projectile. Single-electron capture signals originating from n = 9 states are observed, and the absolute emission cross section is determined. The presented experimental data have unprecedented resolution. The analysis is supported by extensive theoretical calculations of the (3,3), (3,4), and (4,4) doubly excited states in Be-like neon. Decay from triplet states due to spin exchange is observed in the spectra. [S1050-2947(99)09809-1]. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Marne Vallee, F-93160 Noisy Grand, France. DARC Observ Paris, CNRS, UPR 176, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Langereis, A (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 2917 EP 2930 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.2917 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 247BP UT WOS:000083201000050 ER PT J AU Moxom, J Schrader, DM Laricchia, G Xu, J Hulett, LD AF Moxom, J Schrader, DM Laricchia, G Xu, J Hulett, LD TI Double ionization of noble gases by positron impact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE IONIZATION; ELECTRON-IMPACT; ANTIPARTICLE IMPACT; SINGLE IONIZATION; HE; AR; XENON; H-2; PARTICLE; KRYPTON AB The cross sections for double ionization and the ratios of double to single ionization, including Ps formation for Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe are presented from threshold to 100 eV. Within the energy region 6.8 eV below the second ionization potential, i.e., the second Ore gap. we find Ne to have a double-ionization cross section indistinguishable from zero, which is consistent with prior measurements. However, the total double-ionization cross sections for Ar, Kr. and Xe just below the thresholds for direct double ionization are around 7-24 % of the maximum cross-section value for each atom, all of which are of the order of 10(-21) m(2) and occur around 70-90 eV. In contrast to what has previously been found for He and Ne, this is direct evidence of a significant amount of transfer ionization for the three heavier noble gases in the second Ore gap, which is consistent with previous measurements for Ar and Xe. [S1050-2947(99)00310-8]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 2940 EP 2943 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.2940 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 247BP UT WOS:000083201000052 ER PT J AU Hansen, DL Hemmers, O Wang, H Lindle, DW Focke, P Sellin, IA Heske, C Chakraborty, HS Deshmukh, PC Manson, ST AF Hansen, DL Hemmers, O Wang, H Lindle, DW Focke, P Sellin, IA Heske, C Chakraborty, HS Deshmukh, PC Manson, ST TI Validity of the independent-particle approximation in x-ray photoemission: The exception, not the rule SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-PHASE APPROXIMATION; PHOTO-IONIZATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; ATOMS AB A combined experimental and theoretical study of argon valence photoionization illustrates the discovery of the broad lack of validity of the independent-particle approximation (IPA) for x-ray photoemission. In addition to previously known breakdowns of the IPA, which are limited to high photon energies and regions very near threshold, the observed breakdown in photoionization at intermediate energies demonstrates generally that the IPA is valid only in very restricted domains. These restrictions are expected to be relevant throughout the periodic table, with consequences for a wide variety of applications. [S1050-2947(99)50810-X]. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Madras 600036, Chennai, India. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Hansen, DL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP R2641 EP R2644 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.R2641 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 247BP UT WOS:000083201000009 ER PT J AU Nilsen, J Dunn, J Osterheld, AL Li, Y AF Nilsen, J Dunn, J Osterheld, AL Li, Y TI Lasing on the self-photopumped nickel-like 4f(1)P(1)-> 4d(1)P(1) x-ray transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT GAIN; LASER; DRIVEN; AMPLIFICATION AB We demonstrate lasing on the nickel-like 3d(9) 4f(1) P-1 --> 3d(9) 4d(1) P-1 x-ray laser line in Zr (Z = 40), Nb (Z = 41), and Mo (Z = 42) and present measured wavelengths for these ions as well as predicted values for ions from Z = 36 to 54. Lasing on this line was first predicted two years ago and has now been achieved. Unlike the usual collisional excitation laser, this line lases because radiation trapping allows a large radiation field to build up on the 3d(10) S-1(0) --> 3d(9) 4f(1) P-1 resonance line and populate the 4f upper laser state by the self-photopumping process. For Ni-like Mo again of 13 cm(-1) is measured on this transition at 226 Angstrom for targets up to 1 cm long. [S1050-2947(99)51010-X]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP R2677 EP R2680 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.R2677 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 247BP UT WOS:000083201000018 ER PT J AU Yoshinari, Y Hammel, PC Thompson, JD Cheong, SW AF Yoshinari, Y Hammel, PC Thompson, JD Cheong, SW TI La-139 NMR evidence for sensitivity of local structure to magnetic field in La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE; LA1-XCAXMNO3; RESISTIVITY; STRIPES; PHASE AB We report La-139 nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements on La0.5Ca0.5MnO3. Two resonance peaks observed in zero applied field are identified as ferromagnetic (FM) resonances arising from FM domains with eight nearest Mn moments almost fully polarized. The two La sites are distinguished by experiencing different covalent configurations with respect to the nearest Mn ions, likely caused by the charge/orbital ordering. The two sites collapse into one in the presence of a strong magnetic field, indicating the close relationship between magnetism and the lattice deformation. [S0163-1829(99)05034-1]. C1 Natl Res Inst Met, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050003, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Yoshinari, Y (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Met, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050003, Japan. RI Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9275 EP 9278 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9275 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200023 ER PT J AU Robertson, JL Fultz, B Frase, HN AF Robertson, JL Fultz, B Frase, HN TI Phonon contributions to the entropies of hP24 and fcc Co3V SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL ENTROPY; DISORDERED NI3AL; FREE-ENERGY; DIFFERENCE AB Inelastic neutron-scattering spectra and neutron-diffraction patterns were measured on the alloy Co3V at temperatures from 1073-1513 K, where the hP24 (ordered hexagonal) and fee structures are the equilibrium states of the alloy. Phonon density of states (DOS) curves were calculated from the inelastic-scattering spectra, allowing estimates of the vibrational entropy in the harmonic and quasiharmonic approximations. The vibrational entropy of the hP24-fcc phase transition at 1323 K was found to be 0.07k(B)/atom. The anharmonic contributions to the entropy over a temperature range of 100 K were comparable to the vibrational entropy of this phase transition. The anharmonic softening of the phonon DOS was only slightly larger for the hP24 than the fee phase, however, so the anharmonic effects contribute only slightly to the difference in entropy of the two phases. The simple Gruneisen approximation was inadequate for predicting the thermal softening of the phonon DOS. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, Keck Lab Engn Mat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Robertson, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9329 EP 9334 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9329 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200037 ER PT J AU Soderlind, P Eriksson, O AF Soderlind, P Eriksson, O TI Theoretical study of the pressure-concentration diagram for the Ce-Th alloy system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; EXTREME COMPRESSIONS; CERIUM METAL; PHASE; TRANSITION; GPA AB The high pressure and low temperature phase diagram of CeTh3, CeTh, and CeTh3 compounds has been investigated and compared to experimental data for three CexTh1 - x alloys. At higher pressures, the theoretical calculations compare very well with experimental observations whereas at lower pressures, the agreement is less accurate. The general pressure behavior of the CexTh1 - x is, however, in agreement between theory and experiment. Analysis of the theoretical model reveals that the phase stability in these alloy systems is driven by electronic structure effects and in particular an increased f-electron character with increasing pressure. Density functional theory shows that the Ce-Th alloy systems will undergo crystallographic phase transitions from fce to bet at elevated pressures. The transition pressures are shown, in agreement with experiment, to increase with Th content in the Ce-Th alloy in a nonlinear fashion. At very high pressures, above 200 GPa, the CexTh1 - x alloys display a unified picture with a saturated c/a axial ratio close to 1.65. Both these features are shown to be related to the increased f-band character with pressure and the preference for distorted structures which comes with increasing f-electron dominance. Specifically, our first-principle calculations show that the f-band population saturates to about 1.5 f electron at high pressures over 200 GPa explaining the saturation of the c/a axial ratio for the Ce-Th alloys. Simple model calculations, utilizing unhybridized and pure canonical f bands in conjunction with Madelung energy corrections, show that an f-electron metal with about 1.5 f electrons, stabilizes in the bct structure with an axial c/a ratio close to 1.65, in accordance with the first-principle calculations and available experimental data. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Soderlind, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9372 EP 9376 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9372 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200043 ER PT J AU Xie, JJ Chen, SP Tse, JS de Gironcoli, S Baroni, S AF Xie, JJ Chen, SP Tse, JS de Gironcoli, S Baroni, S TI High-pressure thermal expansion, bulk modulus, and phonon structure of diamond SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURES; TRANSITION; DENSITY; CARBON AB The thermodynamic properties of diamond at high pressures (up to 1000 Cpa) have been investigated using the ab initio pseudopotential plane wave method and the density-functional perturbation theory. The P-V-T equation of states has been calculated from the Helmholtz flee energy of the crystal in the quasiharmonic approximation. The pressure dependence of the equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus, mode Gruneisen parameters, and phonon structures has been presented. Some interesting dynamical features of diamond have been found at high pressures: (a) The thermal expansion coefficient decreases with the increase of pressure. At ultrahigh pressure (greater than or equal to 700 GPa), diamond exhibits a negative thermal expansion coefficient at low temperatures. (b) The phonon frequency at X-4 and L-3' gradually goes higher than that of X-1 and L'(2), respectively. (c) The unusual overbending of the uppermost phonon dispersion curves near Gamma'(25) decreases with the increase of pressure. Such overbending results in a maximum in the phonon density of states, which has been invoked in the previous study [Phys. Rev. B 48, 3164 (1993)] to explain the famous sharp peak in the two-phonon Raman spectrum of diamond. Our present results predict that this sharp peak near the high-frequency cutoff will decrease with the pressure. [S0163-1829(99)03237-9]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI de Gironcoli, Stefano/G-7236-2011; Baroni, Stefano/F-2982-2011 OI de Gironcoli, Stefano/0000-0002-2307-0998; Baroni, Stefano/0000-0002-3508-6663 NR 31 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9444 EP 9449 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9444 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200054 ER PT J AU Ishimatsu, N Hashizume, H Hamada, S Hosoito, N Nelson, CS Venkataraman, CT Srajer, G Lang, JC AF Ishimatsu, N Hashizume, H Hamada, S Hosoito, N Nelson, CS Venkataraman, CT Srajer, G Lang, JC TI Magnetic structure of Fe/Gd multilayers determined by resonant x-ray magnetic scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GD/FE MULTILAYERS; EXCHANGE SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SURFACE; SUPERLATTICES; REFLECTIVITY; DICHROISM; METAL; EDGES; FE AB The magnetic structures of a (Fe/Gd)(15) multilayer are determined by resonant x-ray magnetic scattering using circular polarized light of energies tuned close to the Gd L and the Fe K absorption edges. Difference superlattice Bragg peaks observed by flipping the photon helicity show that the magnetic moments of the Gd layers are directed antiparallel to the in-plane applied held at temperatures higher than 180 K, and are twisted below. The local Gd magnetizations in each 5.4-nm-thick layer are highly nonuniform in both magnitude and twist angle in the out-of-plane direction: the interface sublayers nearly fully magnetize at room and low temperatures under the influence of the adjacent Fe magnetizations, whereas the central sublayers show measurable spontaneous magnetizations at 200 K and below. An application of the 1 -(T/T-c) law shows a reduced Curie temperature (T-c=214 K) compared with bulk Gd for the central sublayers, while T-c= 1023 K for the interface sublayers. The interface and central sublayers exhibit distinct twist behaviors as a function of temperature below the compensation temperature, indicating the short-range nature of the Fe-Gd interaction. The element-specific resonant x-ray scattering confirmed the antiferromagnetic arrangement of the Gd and Fe moments at room temperature. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. Nara Inst Technol, Mat Sci Educ & Res Ctr, Takayama, Ikoma 6300101, Japan. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hashizume, H (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9596 EP 9606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9596 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200076 ER PT J AU Homes, CC Bonn, DA Liang, RX Hardy, WN Basov, DN Timusk, T Clayman, BP AF Homes, CC Bonn, DA Liang, RX Hardy, WN Basov, DN Timusk, T Clayman, BP TI Effect of Ni impurities on the optical properties of YBa2Cu3O6+gamma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING ENERGY-GAP; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; HOPPING CONDUCTIVITY; INPLANE ANISOTROPY; STATE CONDUCTIVITY; PENETRATION DEPTH; CHARGE DYNAMICS; ZN-SUBSTITUTION; CUO2 PLANES AB The optical properties of twinned single crystals of YBa2(Cu1-xNix)(3)O6+y have been determined for a nominally pure system and for Ni concentrations of x=0.0075 and 0.014 with oxygen dopings of y=0.60 (underdoped) and 0.95 (optimal) over a wide frequency range above and below T-c. The optical conductivity of the twinned materials shows a rapid increase in the residual conductivity at low frequency with increasing Ni concentration, and an unusual feature appears below T-c at approximate to 300 cm(-1) (37 meV), which is absent in the pure system and is not sensitive upon oxygen content. In a detwinned crystal of the optimally doped system this Ni-induced feature is observed only along the b axis, suggesting that Ni is doping into the chains. Since the feature is observed in the normal stare, it is not associated with the superconducting transition. The free-carrier response in the CuO2 planes is quite different in the optimally doped and underdoped materials The presence of Ni in these materials has little effect upon the in-plane dynamics, but the low-frequency conductivity along just the chains is destroyed. This suggests that Ni acts either as a localization site, or an impurity scatterer and strong pair breaker, destroying the superconductivity along the chains and strongly reducing the anisotropy of the system at low frequency. The feature at approximate to 300 cm(-1) along the chain direction is most likely due to the Ni impurities acting as strong scattering barriers, resulting in thermally activated hopping. However, the proximity of this feature to the estimated value of the c-axis pseudogap in the underdoped materials also suggests that strong scattering out of the chains may be coupling to the c-axis dynamics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM homes@bnl.gov NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9782 EP 9792 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9782 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200096 ER PT J AU Sadewasser, S Schilling, JS Wagner, JL Chmaissem, O Jorgensen, JD Hinks, DG Dabrowski, B AF Sadewasser, S Schilling, JS Wagner, JL Chmaissem, O Jorgensen, JD Hinks, DG Dabrowski, B TI Relaxation effects in the transition temperature of superconducting HgBa2CuO4+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HG-BASED SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; OXYGEN; HGBA2CA2CU3O8+DELTA; HGBA2CACU2O6+DELTA; TLSR2CACU2O7-DELTA; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TL2BA2CUO6+X AB In previous studies on a number of underdoped and overdoped high-temperature superconductors, including YBa2Cu3O7-y and Tl2Ba2CuO6+delta, the transition temperature T-c has been found to change with time in a manner which depends on the sample's detailed temperature and pressure history. This relaxation behavior in T-c is believed to originate from rearrangements within the oxygen sublattice. In the present high-pressure studies on HgBa2CuO4+delta to 0.8 GPa we find clear evidence for weak relaxation effects in strongly underdoped and overdoped samples (Tc similar or equal to 40-50 K) with an activation energy E-A(1 bar)similar or equal to 0.8-0.9 eV. For overdoped HgBa2CuO4+delta E-A increases under pressure more rapidly than previously observed for YBa2Cu3O6.41, yielding an activation volume of + 11+/-5 cm(3); the dependence of T-c on pressure is markedly nonlinear, an anomalous result for high-T-c superconductors in the present pressure range, giving evidence for a change in the electronic and/or structural properties near 0.4 GPa. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sadewasser, S (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, CB 1105,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Sadewasser, Sascha/E-6229-2012; OI Sadewasser, Sascha/0000-0001-8384-6025 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 13 BP 9827 EP 9835 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9827 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244YW UT WOS:000083079200101 ER PT J AU Proffen, T DiFrancesco, RG Billinge, SJL Brosha, EL Kwei, GH AF Proffen, T DiFrancesco, RG Billinge, SJL Brosha, EL Kwei, GH TI Measurement of the local Jahn-Teller distortion in LaMnO3.006 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; LANTHANUM MANGANITE; LA1-XSRXMNO3 AB The atomic pair distribution function (PDF) of stoichiometric LaMnO3 has been measured. This has been fit with a structural model to extract the local Jahn-Teller distortion for an ideal Mn3+O6 octahedron. These results are compared to Rietveld refinements of the same data which give the average structure. Since the local structure is being measured in the PDF there is no assumption of long-range orbital order and the real, local, Jahn-Teller distortion is measured directly. We find good agreement both with published crystallographic results and our own Rietveld refinements suggesting that in an accurately stoichiometric material there is long-range orbital order as expected. The local Jahn-Teller distortion has two short, two medium, and two long bonds. This implies that there is some mixing of the d(3z)(-r)(2)(2), and d(x)(-y)(2)(2) states and the occupied state is not pure d(3z)(-r)(2)(2) symmetry. The Debye temperature of the Mn and O ions has also been calculated as OD(Mn) = 1000 +/- 100 K, Theta(D)( O-apical) = 980 +/- 30 K, and Theta(D)(O-basal) = 601 +/- 8 K [S0163 -1829(99)05238-8]. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Proffen, T (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 20 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 14 BP 9973 EP 9977 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9973 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VE UT WOS:000083070800021 ER PT J AU Ciftja, O Luban, M Auslender, M Luscombe, JH AF Ciftja, O Luban, M Auslender, M Luscombe, JH TI Equation of state and spin-correlation functions of ultrasmall classical Heisenberg magnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We obtain analytical expressions for the total magnetic moment and the static spin-correlation functions of the classical Heisenberg model for ultrasmall systems of spins (unit vectors), that interact via isotropic, nearest-neighbor (n-n) exchange and that are subject to a uniform de magnetic field of arbitrary strength. Explicit results are presented for the dimer, equilateral triangle, square, and regular tetrahedron arrays of spins, These systems provide a useful theoretical framework for calculating the magnetic properties of several recently synthesized molecular magnets. The tetrahedron as well as the equilateral triangle systems, each considered for n-n antiferromagnetic exchange, are of particular interest since they exhibit frustrated spin ordering for sufficiently low temperatures and weak magnetic fields. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 14 BP 10122 EP 10133 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10122 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VE UT WOS:000083070800039 ER PT J AU Xiong, X Dabrowski, B Chmaissem, O Bukowski, Z Kolesnik, S Dybzinski, R Kimball, CW Jorgensen, JD AF Xiong, X Dabrowski, B Chmaissem, O Bukowski, Z Kolesnik, S Dybzinski, R Kimball, CW Jorgensen, JD TI Correlation between coherent Jahn-Teller distortion and magnetic spin orientation in La1-xSrxMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSITION; X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-0.17; RESISTIVITY; LAMNO3 AB The magnetic structure and its correlation with the Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion in lightly doped La1-xSrxMnO3 (0.11 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.185) have been studied as a function of temperature from 10-300 K using neutron powder diffraction. A correlation between the ferromagnetic spin orientation and the coherent JT distortion was observed, indicating a coupling between the structural acid the magnetic properties. The arrangement of the spins varies from ferromagnetic ordered mainly along the b axis (x = 0.11) to ferromagnetic almost along the c axis (x=0.185) in the Pbnm symmetry. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xiong, X (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 14 BP 10186 EP 10192 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10186 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VE UT WOS:000083070800046 ER PT J AU Louca, D Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Roder, H Kwei, GH AF Louca, D Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Roder, H Kwei, GH TI Correlation of local Jahn-Teller distortions to the magnetic/conductive states of La1-xSrxCoO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-STATE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LACOO3; TRANSITION AB By relating the structural changes measured using the pair density function analysis of pulsed neutron data for LaCoO3, we provide evidence for the evolution of the magnetic state with temperature, from the low-spin state to partial occupation of the intermediate spin (IS) and to the high-spin states. It can also be inferred that the coupling strength of the lattice to the e(g) electronic states is temperature dependent. The introduction of carriers in La1-xSrxCoO3 stabilizes the IS states, populated at a rate proportional to the overall carrier density. The transition to the metallic state with doping is accompanied by distortions of the lattice at short length scales, which is compatible with the picture of a Jahn-Teller glass. [S0163-1829(99)05538-1]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 14 BP 10378 EP 10382 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10378 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VE UT WOS:000083070800067 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Majkrzak, CF Sinha, SK Stassis, C Kawano, H Lander, GH Brown, PJ Fong, HF Cheong, SW Matsushita, H Yamada, K Endoh, Y AF Lee, SH Majkrzak, CF Sinha, SK Stassis, C Kawano, H Lander, GH Brown, PJ Fong, HF Cheong, SW Matsushita, H Yamada, K Endoh, Y TI Search for orbital moments in underdoped cuprate metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POLARIMETRY; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA AB Polarized neutron-diffraction experiments have been performed in search of the orbital magnetic moments recently predicted in a theory for the cuprate metals. Both La2-xSrxCuO4 [LSCO(x)] and YBa2Cu3O6+x [YBCO(x)] compounds were investigated. No definitive evidence for the existence of such a three-dimensionally ordered moment was found in any of these samples within experimental uncertainty, which was as low as 0.01 mu(B). We have also investigated the possibility that a magnetic rod exists parallel to the c axis in the case of two- or quasi-two-dimensional ordering in the (a,b) plane and have set an upper limit for the total moment to be 0.1 mu(B) in LSCO (x = 0.1). [S0163-1829(99)02938-0]. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RIKEN, Magnet Mat Lab, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 980776, Japan. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/M-7695-2016; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/M-7646-2016 OI Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/0000-0003-4713-3727; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/0000-0003-4713-3727 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 14 BP 10405 EP 10417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10405 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VE UT WOS:000083070800072 ER PT J AU Potrepka, DM Budnick, JI Fenner, DB Hines, WA Balasubramanian, M Moodenbaugh, AR AF Potrepka, DM Budnick, JI Fenner, DB Hines, WA Balasubramanian, M Moodenbaugh, AR TI Role of bromine in restoring superconductivity in YBa2Cu3Oy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; OXYGEN STOICHIOMETRY; CU; NMR; INTERCALATION; BA2YCU3OX; RESONANCE; NQR; CL AB Cu-63,Cu-65 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), Cu-63,Cu-65 and Br-79,Br-81 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Br K-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) measurement techniques have been used to study the local structures of Cu and Br in well-characterized samples of deoxygenated and brominated YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO). The combined results provide a detailed picture of the role of bromine in reoxygenating the YBCO structure and an explanation for the partial restoration of superconductivity in the YBCO system. Characterization of the powder samples, with particle sizes of 1, 20, 30, and 40 mu m, included x-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and magnetometry. From the XAFS and NMR results, it is concluded that, upon bromination at 260 degrees C, Br does not enter the YBCO lattice either substitutionally or interstitially. Instead, there is compelling evidence for the formation of nanoscale BaBr2 precipitates which result from the local destruction of the YBa2Cu3Oy phase. Furthermore, on the basis of the NQR and NMR experiments, it is concluded that through this decomposition into an inhomogeneous material, oxygen is liberated which repopulates the nearby O(4) chain sites, thus restoring superconductivity. [S0163-1829(99)01838-X]. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Potrepka, DM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Potrepka, Daniel/0000-0002-0528-1038; Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 14 BP 10489 EP 10499 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10489 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VE UT WOS:000083070800083 ER PT J AU Kouzoudis, D Breitwisch, M Finnemore, DK AF Kouzoudis, D Breitwisch, M Finnemore, DK TI Edge barrier pinning for a single superconducting vortex SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABRIKOSOV VORTEX AB Thermal depinning of a single vortex trapped in a superconducting thin film has been measured in order to study the Bean-Livingston surface barrier. There are two forces that bias the motion of the vortex in the natural pinning potential of the film. These are the image force pulling the vortex toward the edge of the film and the Lorentz force of the Meissner currents pushing the vortex toward the center of the film. With zero applied magnetic field, a vortex trapped in a clean, well-defined junction will begin to spontaneously move over large distances of 1 mu m or more at a temperature where the reduced order parameter is about Delta/Delta(0)=0.2. When Delta/Delta(0) has been further reduced to Delta/Delta(0)=0.15, the vortex exits the film, giving a vortex-free state below T-c. In zero applied field, the data show that the image force clearly causes a trapped vortex to leave the film. When a perpendicular magnetic field is applied, however, results show that new vortices were nucleated for fields higher than 20 mG. At 20 mG, the Meissner current force was only a few percent of the pinning force and this biasing force causes the vortex to exit the film at a temperature 0.050 K lower than in zero field. [S0163-1829(99)03938-7]. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kouzoudis, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 14 BP 10508 EP 10512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10508 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VE UT WOS:000083070800086 ER PT J AU Freeland, JW Bussmann, K Idzerda, YU Kao, CC AF Freeland, JW Bussmann, K Idzerda, YU Kao, CC TI Understanding correlations between chemical and magnetic interfacial roughness SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FE/CR SUPERLATTICES; THIN-FILMS; SCATTERING; MULTILAYERS; ANISOTROPY AB By studying the variation in magnetic interfacial structure using diffuse x-ray resonant magnetic scattering, underlying connections between the chemical and magnetic interfaces are uncovered and utilized to understand how intrinsic magnetic properties influence the behavior of magnetic interface. By considering the effect of competing magnetic energies (dipolar, anisotropy, and exchange) at the rough interface, it becomes clear how magnetic forces can lead to a reduction of the magnetic interfacial disorder. [S0163-1829(99)51638-X]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Freeland, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 14 BP R9923 EP R9926 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.R9923 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VE UT WOS:000083070800010 ER PT J AU Ahle, L Akiba, Y Ashktorab, K Baker, M Beavis, D Beery, P Britt, HC Budick, B Chang, J Chasman, C Chen, Z Chi, CY Chu, YY Cianciolo, V Cole, BA Costales, JJ Crawford, HJ Cumming, JB Debbe, R Dunlop, JC Eldredge, W Engelage, J Fung, SY Gaardhoje, J Gonin, M Gushue, S Hamagaki, H Hansen, A Hansen, L Hansen, O Hayano, RS Hayashi, S Heintzelman, G Homma, S Judd, E Kaneko, H Kang, J Kaufman, S Kehoe, WL Kumagai, A Kurita, K Ledoux, RJ LeVine, MJ Luke, J Miake, Y Morrison, DP Morse, RJ Moskowitz, B Moulson, M Nagamiya, S Namboodiri, MN Nayak, TK Ogilvie, CA Olness, J Parsons, CG Remsberg, LP Roehrich, D Rothschild, P Sako, H Sakurai, H Sangster, TC Seto, R Shigaki, K Soltz, R Stankus, P Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Sung, TW Tanaka, Y Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, JH Tonse, SR Ueno-Hayashi, S van Dijk, JH Videbaek, F Vossnack, O Vutsadakis, V Wang, F Wang, Y Wegner, HE Woodruff, D Wu, Y Xu, GH Yagi, K Yang, X Zachary, D Zajc, WA Zhu, F Zhu, Q AF Ahle, L Akiba, Y Ashktorab, K Baker, M Beavis, D Beery, P Britt, HC Budick, B Chang, J Chasman, C Chen, Z Chi, CY Chu, YY Cianciolo, V Cole, BA Costales, JJ Crawford, HJ Cumming, JB Debbe, R Dunlop, JC Eldredge, W Engelage, J Fung, SY Gaardhoje, J Gonin, M Gushue, S Hamagaki, H Hansen, A Hansen, L Hansen, O Hayano, RS Hayashi, S Heintzelman, G Homma, S Judd, E Kaneko, H Kang, J Kaufman, S Kehoe, WL Kumagai, A Kurita, K Ledoux, RJ LeVine, MJ Luke, J Miake, Y Morrison, DP Morse, RJ Moskowitz, B Moulson, M Nagamiya, S Namboodiri, MN Nayak, TK Ogilvie, CA Olness, J Parsons, CG Remsberg, LP Roehrich, D Rothschild, P Sako, H Sakurai, H Sangster, TC Seto, R Shigaki, K Soltz, R Stankus, P Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Sung, TW Tanaka, Y Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, JH Tonse, SR Ueno-Hayashi, S van Dijk, JH Videbaek, F Vossnack, O Vutsadakis, V Wang, F Wang, Y Wegner, HE Woodruff, D Wu, Y Xu, GH Yagi, K Yang, X Zachary, D Zajc, WA Zhu, F Zhu, Q TI Centrality dependence of kaon yields in Si + A and Au + Au collisions at relativistic energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; 14.6A GEV/C; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; BARYON DENSITY; 11.6A GEV/C; DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; AU+AU; STRANGENESS; DETECTOR AB Charged kaon production has been measured in Si+Al and Si+Au collisions at 14.6A GeV/c, and Au+Au collisions at 11.1A GeV/c by Experiments 859 and 866 (the E-802 Collaboration) at the BNL AGS. Invariant transverse mass spectra and rapidity distributions for both K+ and K- are presented. The centrality dependence of rapidity-integrated kaon yields is studied. Strangeness enhancement is observed as an increase in the slope of the kaon yield with the total number of participants as well as the yield per participant. The enhancement starts with peripheral Si+Al and Si+Au collisions (relative to N+N) and appears to saturate for a moderate number of participating nucleons in Si+Au collisions. It is also observed to increase slowly with centrality in Au+Au collisions, to a level in the most central Au+Au collisions that is greater than that found in central Si+A collisions. The enhancement factors for K+ production are 3.0+/-0.2(stat)+/-0.4(syst) and 4.0+/-0.3(stat)+/-0.5(syst), respectively, for the most central 7% Si+Au collisions and the most central 4% Au+Au collisions relative to N+N at the corresponding beam energy. [S0556-2813(99)01910-X]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tanashi Branch, Tanashi, Tokyo 188, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 606, Japan. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tanashi, Tokyo 188, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahle, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Cumming, James/I-3358-2013; SAKURAI, HIROYOSHI/G-5085-2014; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; OI Cumming, James/0000-0001-6930-0958; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Ogilvie, Craig/0000-0002-5188-5123 NR 32 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 044904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.044904 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200048 ER PT J AU Asztalos, SJ Lee, IY Vetter, K Cederwall, B Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Jing, K Phair, L Macchiavelli, AO Rasmussen, JO Stephens, FS Wozniak, GJ Becker, JA Bernstein, LA McNabb, DP Hua, PF Sarantites, DG Saladin, JX Yu, CH Cizewski, JA Donangelo, R AF Asztalos, SJ Lee, IY Vetter, K Cederwall, B Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Jing, K Phair, L Macchiavelli, AO Rasmussen, JO Stephens, FS Wozniak, GJ Becker, JA Bernstein, LA McNabb, DP Hua, PF Sarantites, DG Saladin, JX Yu, CH Cizewski, JA Donangelo, R TI Spin yields of neutron-rich nuclei from deep inelastic reactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID STATES; MODEL; BAND AB The potential for using deep inelastic reactions to populate high-spin states in neutron-rich nuclei is studied in a series of experiments using GAMMASPHERE for gamma-ray detection and a silicon strip detector for measuring the angles of projectilelike and targetlike fragments. In three experiments 61 new transitions up to a maximum spin of 22 (h) over bar in 12 neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei were found. We observe that gamma-ray yields as a function of spin are flatter for all neutron transfer products than for inelastic excitation of either the projectile or target nucleus. Calculations are presented which indicate that this difference cannot be accounted for by quasielastic processes, but more likely are the result of larger energy loss processes, such as deep inelastic reactions. [S0556-2813(99)06009-4]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Asztalos, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cederwall, Bo/M-3337-2014 OI Cederwall, Bo/0000-0003-1771-2656 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 044307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.044307 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200021 ER PT J AU Back, BB Blumenthal, DJ Davids, CN Henderson, DJ Hermann, R Hofman, DJ Jiang, CL Penttila, HT Wuosmaa, AH AF Back, BB Blumenthal, DJ Davids, CN Henderson, DJ Hermann, R Hofman, DJ Jiang, CL Penttila, HT Wuosmaa, AH TI Fission hindrance in hot Th-216: Evaporation residue measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INDUCED NUCLEAR-FISSION; FRAGMENT MASS ANALYZER; ONE-BODY DISSIPATION; QUASI-FISSION; EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; FUSION-FISSION; DYNAMICS; EMISSION; MOTION; FORMULA AB The fusion evaporation-residue cross sections for S-32+ W-184 have been measured at beam energies of E-beam = 165, 174, 185, 196, 205, 215, 225, 236, 246, and 257 MeV using the ATLAS Fragment Mass Analyzer. The data are compared with statistical model calculations and it is found that a nuclear dissipation strength, which increases with the excitation energy, is required to reproduce the excitation function. A comparison with previously published data shows that the dissipation strength depends strongly on the shell structure of the nuclear system. [S0556-2813(99)02709-0]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Penttila, Heikki/A-4420-2013 NR 33 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 044602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.044602 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200029 ER PT J AU Barnes, T Black, N Dean, DJ Swanson, ES AF Barnes, T Black, N Dean, DJ Swanson, ES TI BB intermeson potentials in the quark model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LATTICE QCD; NUCLEON-SCATTERING; HADRONIC MOLECULES; EXCHANGE; MESONS; FORCE; CORE AB In this paper we derive quark model results for scattering amplitudes and equivalent low energy potentials for heavy meson pairs, in which each meson contains a heavy quark. This "BB" system is an attractive theoretical laboratory for the study of the nuclear force between color singlets; the hadronic system is relatively simple, and there are lattice gauge theory (LGT) results for V-BB(r) which may be compared to phenomenological models. We find that the quark model potential (after lattice smearing) has qualitative similarities to the LGT potential in the two B*B* channels in which direct comparison is possible, although there is evidence of a difference in length scales. The quark model prediction of equal magnitude but opposite sign for I = 0 and I = 1 potentials also appears similar to LGT results at intermediate r. There may however be a discrepancy between the LGT and quark model I = 1 BE potentials. A numerical study of the two-meson Schrodinger equations in the ()(b) and ()() sectors with the quark model potentials finds a single BB "molecule," in the I = 0 BB* sector. Binding in other channels might occur if the quark model forces are augmented by pion exchange. [S0556-2813(99)03409-3]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Barnes, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barnes@orph01.phy.ornl.gov; nblack@nomad.phys.utk.edu; dean@orph01.phy.ornl.gov; swanson@unity.ncsu.edu NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 045202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.045202 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200051 ER PT J AU Fallon, P Heenen, PH Satula, W Clark, RM Stephens, FS Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Vetter, K AF Fallon, P Heenen, PH Satula, W Clark, RM Stephens, FS Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Vetter, K TI Origin of unit alignment in superdeformed bands in A approximate to 190 nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID IDENTICAL BANDS; PAIRING INTERACTIONS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; HG NUCLEI; SYMMETRY; PARITY; HG-194; SPINS; PSEUDOSPIN; BLOCKING AB The results of an experimental and theoretical study of the inertias and alignments of superdeformed bands (SD) in A similar to 190 nuclei are presented. We show that A similar to 190 SD bands tend to be distributed among three groups characterized by their alignments and the number of unpaired nucleons. The alignments cluster around integer values (i approximate to-1,0,1, relative to the reference chosen for this study), but the distribution is not strongly peaked: rather it is relatively "broad" compared with the separation, suggesting that the "strict" quantized alignments observed in some nuclei are not a systematic feature of all A similar to 190 SD bands. We further show that mean-field calculations reproduce the general experimental properties and give the three band groups seen in experiment, but they do not generally reproduce the specific alignment of SD band pairs; nor, in general, do they give ''good'' identical bands. [S0556-2813(99)03909-6]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ULB, Serv Phys Nucl Theor, B-105020 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Fallon, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 044301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.044301 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200015 ER PT J AU Gueye, P Bernheim, M Danel, JF Ducret, JE Lakehal-Ayat, L Le Goff, JM Magnon, A Marchand, C Morgenstern, J Marroncle, J Vernin, P Zghiche-Lakehal-Ayat, A AF Gueye, P Bernheim, M Danel, JF Ducret, JE Lakehal-Ayat, L Le Goff, JM Magnon, A Marchand, C Morgenstern, J Marroncle, J Vernin, P Zghiche-Lakehal-Ayat, A TI Coulomb distortion measurements by comparing electron and positron quasielastic scattering off C-12 and Pb-208 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID E,E'P REACTIONS; APPROXIMATE TREATMENT; NUCLEI; SEPARATION AB Positron and electron quasielastic cross sections on C-12 and Pb-208 were measured at the Saclay linear accelerator (ALS) to test Coulomb corrections to the plane-wave Born approximation The positron and electron response functions at the same effective kinematics were found to be equal within a 3% experimental uncertainty, which allows us to discriminate between different theoretical models of Coulomb distortions. Our result strongly supports the effective momentum approximation, even for nuclei as heavy as Pb-208. [S0556-2813(99)01210-8]. C1 CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Blaise Pascal, Inst Phys Nucl & Phys Particules, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Ist Super Sanita, Fis Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. CNRS, Ctr Etud & Rech Irradiat, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Trent, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, GC Trento, Italy. RP Gueye, P (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Nucl High Energu Phys Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23606 USA. RI Le Goff, Jean-Marc/E-7629-2013 NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 044308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.044308 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200022 ER PT J AU Hartley, DJ Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Kondev, FG Galindo-Uribarri, A Sarantites, DG Jin, HQ LaFosse, DR Mullins, SM Smith, BH Wilson, JN AF Hartley, DJ Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Kondev, FG Galindo-Uribarri, A Sarantites, DG Jin, HQ LaFosse, DR Mullins, SM Smith, BH Wilson, JN TI Migration from the normal to the highly deformed minimum in Nd-131 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; SUPERDEFORMED BAND; MASS REGION; DEFORMATIONS; COEXISTENCE; ENERGIES AB The deformation driving vi(13/2) [660]1/2 structure has been identified for the first time in Nd-131. It is the lightest Nd (Z=60) isotope in which a band based on this intruder orbital has been reported. A crossing between the [411]1/2 band and the [660]1/2 sequence takes place near (h) over bar h omega approximate to 0.34 MeV with a large interaction strength (\V\(max)=47 keV). Thus, a smooth transition from the normal to the highly deformed minimum is established in Nd-131. [S0556-2813(99)50110-6]. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Hartley, DJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 041301 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200001 ER PT J AU Hwang, JK Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Greiner, W Cole, JD Ter-Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Daniel, AV AF Hwang, JK Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Greiner, W Cole, JD Ter-Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Daniel, AV CA GANDS95 Collaboration TI Search for scission neutrons in the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB In the spontaneous fission of Cf-252, we observed that the population of spin 2(+) in Te-136 is closely correlated with the population of spin 4(+) of its partner Pd-114. We attribute our results to the emission of two neutrons at scission carrying away two units of angular momentum and the yield is 0.06(2) per 100 spontaneous fission (SF) events whereas the two neutron normal fission yield is 0.12(3) per 100 SF for the Te-136 and Pd-114 pair. The yield for fission with four scission neutrons for Te-136 and Pd-112 is observed to be approximate to 0 whereas the four neutron hot fission yield is 0.28(4) per 100 SF events. [S0556-2813(99)03109-X]. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. RP Hwang, JK (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 044616 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.044616 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200043 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Thews, RL AF Kharzeev, D Thews, RL TI Quarkonium formation time in a model-independent approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COLOR TRANSPARENCY; NUCLEI; QCD AB We use dispersion relations to reconstruct, in a model-independent way, the formation dynamics of heavy quarkonium from the experimental data on e(+)e(-)-->(Q) over bar Q annihilation. We extract a distribution of formation times with a mean value for the J/psi, [tau(J/psi)]=0.44 fm; and for the Y, [tau(Y)]=0.32 fm. The corresponding widths of these distributions are given by Delta tau(J/psi)=0.31 fm and Delta tau(Y)=0.28 fm. This information can be used as an input in modeling of heavy quarkonium production on nuclear targets. [S0556-2813(99)50710-3]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 041901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.041901 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200008 ER PT J AU Smith, DA Bowman, JD Crawford, BE Grossmann, CA Haseyama, T Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Yuan, VW AF Smith, DA Bowman, JD Crawford, BE Grossmann, CA Haseyama, T Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Yuan, VW TI Parity violation in neutron resonances of (103)Rh SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NONCONSERVATION; SYSTEM; TH-232; U-238 AB Parity nonconservation (PNC) was studied in p-wave neutron resonances of (103)Rh in the neutron energy range 30 to 490 eV. The helicity dependence of the neutron total cross section of rhodium was determined by capture measurements with the time-of-flight method at the Manuel Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. A total of 32 p-wave resonances were studied and statistically significant longitudinal asymmetries were observed for resonances at E(n) = 44.5, 110.8, 321.6, and 432.9 eV. A statistical analysis treating the PNC matrix elements as random variables yields a weak spreading width Gamma(w) = (1.42(-0.59)(+1.21)) x 10(-7) eV. [S0556-2813(99)06810-7]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 60601, Japan. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. RP Smith, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 045503 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200057 ER PT J AU Smith, DA Bowman, JD Crawford, BE Grossmann, CA Haseyama, T Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Yuan, V AF Smith, DA Bowman, JD Crawford, BE Grossmann, CA Haseyama, T Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Yuan, V TI Neutron resonance spectroscopy of Rh-103 from 30 eV to 2 keV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARITY NONCONSERVATION; VIOLATION; TH-232; U-238 AB Neutron resonances in Rh-103 have been measured for neutron energies from 30 to 2000 eV using: the time-of-flight method and the (n, gamma) reaction. The rhodium resonance spectroscopy is essential for the analysis of parity violation measurements recently performed on neutron resonances in Rh-103. Neutron scattering and radiative widths were determined. and orbital angular momentum assignments made with a Bayesian analysis. The s-wave and p-wave strength functions and average level spacings were determined. [S0556-2813(99)06410-9]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 60601, Japan. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 045502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.045502 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200056 ER PT J AU Tzeng, YH Tzeng, SYT Kuo, TTS Lee, TSH AF Tzeng, YH Tzeng, SYT Kuo, TTS Lee, TSH TI Particle-hole folded-diagram calculation of the hypernucleus O-16(Lambda) using meson-exchange interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HYPERON-NUCLEON-INTERACTIONS; REALISTIC EFFECTIVE INTERACTIONS; SHELL HYPERNUCLEI; PI(+),K+ REACTION; BINDING-ENERGIES; P-SHELL; LAMBDA; MATRIX; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY AB The O-16(Lambda) hypernucleus is investigated by way of a folded-diagram method. The input G-matrix elements are calculated accurately from the Julich-(B) over tilde and the Nijmegen realistic hyperon-nucleon potentials with the Pauli exclusion operator properly treated in the finite hypernuclear system. The effect of hyperon-nucleon-nucleon three-body forces is included through the consideration of core polarization diagrams. Although our predicted energy spectrum of the hypernucleus is in good agreement with experiments in general, there are significant differences between the J(+) energy levels obtained from these two realistic potentials. A folded-diagram calculation for the Lambda single-particle energy has been performed. The spin-dependence parameters of Millener et al. calculated from the Julich-(B) over tilde and Nijmegen potentials are significantly different from each ether, and the contribution from the Lambda-Sigma three-body force to these parameters is important. [S0556-2813(99)06209-3]. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Taipei, Taiwan. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60493 USA. RP Tzeng, YH (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 044305 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200019 ER PT J AU Wu, JS Strayer, MR Baranger, M AF Wu, JS Strayer, MR Baranger, M TI Monopole collective motion in helium and oxygen nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT HARTREE-FOCK; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; PERIODIC TRAJECTORIES; BOUND-STATES; EXCITATIONS; EQUATIONS; ORBITS AB We review the rationale for basing the calculation of collective motion on the periodic solutions of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock mean field. With suitable discretization, we find a family of these solutions and we apply a simple quantization rule. Results are presented for He-4 and O-16. [S0556-2813(99)04009-1]. C1 Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wu, JS (reprint author), Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 AR 044302 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 246MH UT WOS:000083167200016 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Akimov, V Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Baden, A Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Baringer, P Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chekulaev, SV Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Coppage, D Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Gobbi, B Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Green, JA Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Ito, AS Jerger, SA Jesik, R Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Ko, W Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Leflat, A Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Martin, RD Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P Mostafa, M da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Parashar, N Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Reay, NW Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Toback, D Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Varelas, N Varnes, EW Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Wood, DR Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yip, K Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhang, B Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abbott, B Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Akimov, V Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Baden, A Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Baringer, P Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chekulaev, SV Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Coppage, D Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Gobbi, B Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Green, JA Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Ito, AS Jerger, SA Jesik, R Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Ko, W Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Leflat, A Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Martin, RD Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P Mostafa, M da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Parashar, N Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Reay, NW Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Toback, D Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Varelas, N Varnes, EW Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Wood, DR Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yip, K Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhang, B Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A TI Studies of WW and WZ production and limits on anomalous WW gamma and WWZ couplings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAUGE BOSON COUPLINGS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; PAIR-PRODUCTION; W+W PRODUCTION; E(+)E(-) INTERACTIONS; CROSS-SECTION; COLLABORATION; EVENTS; SEARCH AB Evidence of anomalous WW and WZ production was sought in collisions st a center-of-mass energy of root s = 1.8 TeV. The final states WW(WZ)-->mu nu jet jet + X, WZ --> mu nu ee + X and WZ --> e nu ee + X were studied using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 90 pb(-1). No evidence of anomalous diboson production was found. Limits were set on anomalous WW gamma and WWZ couplings and were combined with our previous results. The combined 95% confidence level anomalous coupling limits for Lambda = 2 TeV are -0.25 less than or equal to Delta kappa less than or equal to 0.39 (lambda=0) and -0.18 less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 0.19 (Delta kappa=0), assuming the WW gamma couplings are equal to the WWZ couplings. [S0556-2821(99)02619-3]. C1 NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Univ San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Sci Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, Grenoble, France. CEA, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai, India. Kyungsung Univ, Pusan 608736, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; OI Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Hays, Chris/0000-0003-2371-9723 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 072002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.072002 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700003 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gold, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Green, C Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kirk, M Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM IV Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, K McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vologouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Bailey, MW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gold, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Green, C Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kirk, M Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM IV Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, K McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vologouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S TI Measurement of B-0-(B)over-bar(0) flavor oscillations using jet-charge and lepton flavor tagging in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SILICON VERTEX DETECTOR; TOP-QUARK PRODUCTION; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; COLLIDER DETECTOR; PARTICLE PHYSICS; CDF; FREQUENCY; FERMILAB; DECAYS AB We present a measurement of the mass difference Delta m(d) for the B-0 meson and the statistical power of the b flavor tagging methods used. The measurement uses 90 pb(-1) of data from collisions at root s=1.8 TeV collected with the CDF detector. An inclusive lepton trigger is used to collect a large sample of B hadron semileptonic decays. The mass difference Delta m(d) is determined from the proper time dependence of the fraction of B hadrons that undergo flavor oscillations. The flavor at decay is inferred from the charge of the lepton from semileptonic B decay. The initial flavor is inferred by determining the flavor of the other B hadron produced in the collision, either from its semileptonic decay (soft-lepton tag) or from its jet charge. The measurement yields Delta m(d)=(0.500+/-0.052+/-0.043)(h) over bar ps(-1), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second uncertainty is systematic. The statistical powers (epsilon D-2) of the soft-lepton and jet-charge flavor taggers are (0.91+/-0.10 +/-0.11)% and (0.78+/-0.12+/-0.08)%, respectively. [S0556-2821(99)05417-X]. C1 Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11530, Taiwan. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abe, F (reprint author), Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RI Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 072003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.092003 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700004 ER PT J AU Allen, TJ Olsson, MG Veseli, S AF Allen, TJ Olsson, MG Veseli, S TI Curved QCD string dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LIGHT AB We consider the effects of going beyond the approximation of a straight string in mesons by using a flexible flux tube model wherein a Nambu-Goto string bends in response to quark accelerations. The curved string is dynamically identical to the straight string even for ultra-relativistic mesons except for a small additional radial momentum We numerically solve the curved string model in the case where both ends have equal moss quarks and also in the case where one end is fixed. No approximation of non-relativistic motion is made. We note some small but interesting differences from the straight string. [S0556-2821(99)07419-6]. C1 Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Phys, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Phys, Eaton Hall, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 074026 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.074026 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700043 ER PT J AU Bai, JZ Ban, Y Bian, JG Blum, I Chen, GP Chen, HF Chen, J Chen, JC Chen, Y Chen, YB Chen, YQ Cheng, BS Cui, XZ Ding, HL Dong, LY Du, ZZ Dunwoodie, W Gao, CS Gao, ML Gao, SQ Gratton, P Gu, JH Gu, SD Gu, WX Gu, YF Guo, YN Han, SW Han, Y Harris, FA He, J He, JT He, KL He, M Hitlin, DG Hu, GY Hu, HM Hu, JL Hu, QH Hu, T Hu, XQ Huang, YZ Izen, JM Jiang, CH Jin, Y Jones, BD Ju, X Ke, ZJ Kelsey, MH Kim, BK Kong, D Lai, YF Lang, PF Lankford, A Li, CG Li, D Li, HB Li, J Li, JC Li, PQ Li, RB Li, W Li, WG Li, XH Li, XN Liu, HM Liu, J Liu, RG Liu, Y Lou, XC Lowery, B Lu, F Lu, JG Luo, XL Ma, EC Ma, JM Malchow, R Mao, HS Mao, ZP Meng, XC Nie, J Olsen, SL Oyang, J Paluselli, D Pan, LJ Panetta, J Porter, F Qi, ND Qi, XR Qian, CD Qiu, JF Qu, YH Que, YK Rong, G Schernau, M Shao, YY Shen, BW Shen, DL Shen, H Shen, XY Sheng, HY Shi, HZ Song, XF Standifird, J Sun, F Sun, HS Sun, Y Sun, YZ Tang, SQ Toki, W Tong, GL Varner, GS Wang, F Wang, LS Wang, LZ Wang, M Wang, P Wang, PL Wang, SM Wang, TJ Wang, YY Weaver, M Wei, CL Wu, YG Xi, DM Xia, XM Xie, PP Xie, Y Xie, YH Xu, GF Xue, ST Yan, J Yan, WG Yang, CM Yang, CY Yang, J Yang, W Yang, XF Ye, MH Ye, SW Ye, YX Yu, CS Yu, CX Yu, GW Yu, YH Yu, ZQ Yuan, CZ Yuan, Y Zhang, BY Zhang, CC Zhang, DH Zhang, DH Zhang, HL Zhang, J Zhang, JW Zhang, LS Zhang, QJ Zhang, SQ Zhang, XY Zhang, YY Zhao, DX Zhao, HW Zhao, JW Zhao, JW Zhao, M Zhao, WR Zhao, ZG Zheng, JP Zheng, LS Zheng, ZP Zhou, BQ Zhou, GP Zhou, HS Zhou, L Zhu, KJ Zhu, QM Zhu, YC Zhu, YS Zhuang, BA AF Bai, JZ Ban, Y Bian, JG Blum, I Chen, GP Chen, HF Chen, J Chen, JC Chen, Y Chen, YB Chen, YQ Cheng, BS Cui, XZ Ding, HL Dong, LY Du, ZZ Dunwoodie, W Gao, CS Gao, ML Gao, SQ Gratton, P Gu, JH Gu, SD Gu, WX Gu, YF Guo, YN Han, SW Han, Y Harris, FA He, J He, JT He, KL He, M Hitlin, DG Hu, GY Hu, HM Hu, JL Hu, QH Hu, T Hu, XQ Huang, YZ Izen, JM Jiang, CH Jin, Y Jones, BD Ju, X Ke, ZJ Kelsey, MH Kim, BK Kong, D Lai, YF Lang, PF Lankford, A Li, CG Li, D Li, HB Li, J Li, JC Li, PQ Li, RB Li, W Li, WG Li, XH Li, XN Liu, HM Liu, J Liu, RG Liu, Y Lou, XC Lowery, B Lu, F Lu, JG Luo, XL Ma, EC Ma, JM Malchow, R Mao, HS Mao, ZP Meng, XC Nie, J Olsen, SL Oyang, J Paluselli, D Pan, LJ Panetta, J Porter, F Qi, ND Qi, XR Qian, CD Qiu, JF Qu, YH Que, YK Rong, G Schernau, M Shao, YY Shen, BW Shen, DL Shen, H Shen, XY Sheng, HY Shi, HZ Song, XF Standifird, J Sun, F Sun, HS Sun, Y Sun, YZ Tang, SQ Toki, W Tong, GL Varner, GS Wang, F Wang, LS Wang, LZ Wang, M Wang, P Wang, PL Wang, SM Wang, TJ Wang, YY Weaver, M Wei, CL Wu, YG Xi, DM Xia, XM Xie, PP Xie, Y Xie, YH Xu, GF Xue, ST Yan, J Yan, WG Yang, CM Yang, CY Yang, J Yang, W Yang, XF Ye, MH Ye, SW Ye, YX Yu, CS Yu, CX Yu, GW Yu, YH Yu, ZQ Yuan, CZ Yuan, Y Zhang, BY Zhang, CC Zhang, DH Zhang, DH Zhang, HL Zhang, J Zhang, JW Zhang, LS Zhang, QJ Zhang, SQ Zhang, XY Zhang, YY Zhao, DX Zhao, HW Zhao, JW Zhao, JW Zhao, M Zhao, WR Zhao, ZG Zheng, JP Zheng, LS Zheng, ZP Zhou, BQ Zhou, GP Zhou, HS Zhou, L Zhu, KJ Zhu, QM Zhu, YC Zhu, YS Zhuang, BA TI Study of the hadronic decays of X-c states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE PHYSICS; CHARMONIUM; ANNIHILATIONS; CHI-1 AB Hadronic decays of the P-wave spin-triplet charmonium states chi(cJ)(J=0,1,2) are studied using a sample of psi(2S) decays collected by the BES detector operating at the BEPC storage ring. Branching fractions for the decays chi(cl)-->(KSK+)-K-0 pi(-) + c.c., chi(c0)-->(KSKS0)-K-0, chi(c2)-->(KSKS0)-K-0, chi(c0)-->phi phi, chi(c2)-->phi phi and chi(cJ)-->K+K-K+K- are measured for the first time, and those for chi(cJ)-->pi(+)pi(-)pi(+) pi(-), chi(cJ)-->pi(+)pi(-)K(+)K(-), chi(cJ)--> pi(+) pi(-) and chi(cJ) -->3(pi(+) pi(-)) are measured with improved precision. In addition, we determine the masses of the chi(c0) and eta(c) to be M chi(c0) = 3414.1+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.8(syst) MeV and M eta(c) = 2975.8+/-3.9(stat)+/-1.2(syst) MeV. [S0556-2821(99)01119-4]. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Hangzhou Univ, Hangzhou 310028, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Bai, JZ (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RI Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; OI Li, Xiaonan/0000-0003-2857-0219 NR 20 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 072001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.072001 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700002 ER PT J AU Belyaev, A Drees, M Eboli, OJP Mizukoshi, JK Novaes, SF AF Belyaev, A Drees, M Eboli, OJP Mizukoshi, JK Novaes, SF TI Supersymmetric Higgs boson pair production at hadron colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ONE-LOOP CORRECTIONS; STANDARD MODEL; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; FERMILAB TEVATRON; PROTON COLLIDERS; SEARCH; COLLISIONS; MSSM; MASS AB We study the pair production of neutral Higgs bosons through gluon fusion at hadron colliders in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. We present analytical expressions for the relevant amplitudes, including both quark and squark loop contributions, and allowing for mixing between the super-partners of left- and right-handed quarks. Squark loop contributions can increase the cross section for the production of two CP-even Higgs bosons by more than than two orders of magnitude, if the relevant trilinear soft breaking parameter is large and the mass of the lighter squark eigenstate is not too far above its current lower bound. In the region of large tan beta, neutral Higgs boson pair production might even be observable in the 4b final state during the next run of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. [S0556-2821(99)05819-1]. C1 Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsin Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Belyaev, A (reprint author), Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, Rua Pamplona 145, BR-01405900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Eboli, Oscar/D-4544-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012 OI Eboli, Oscar/0000-0003-4107-6012; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549 NR 55 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 075008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.075008 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700060 ER PT J AU Cahn, RN Worah, MP AF Cahn, RN Worah, MP TI Constraining the CKM parameters using CP violation in semileptonic B decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID UNITARITY TRIANGLE; LEPTON ASYMMETRY; ANGLE-GAMMA; PHYSICS; SYSTEM; MODEL AB We discuss the usefulness of the CP violating semileptanic asymmetry a(SL) not only as a signal of new physics, but also as a tool in constraining the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa parameters. We show that this technique could yield useful results in the first years of running at the B factories. We present the analysis graphically in terms of M-12, the dispersive part of the B-0-(B) over bar(0) mixing amplitude. This is complementary to the usual unitarity triangle representation and often allows a cleaner interpretation of the data. [S0556-2821(99)01819-6]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cahn, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 076006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.076006 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700074 ER PT J AU Carena, M Mrenna, S Wagner, CEM AF Carena, M Mrenna, S Wagner, CEM TI MSSM Higgs boson phenomenology at the Fermilab Tevatron collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; LEADING QCD CORRECTIONS; DOUBLET MODEL; FIXED-POINT; DARK-MATTER; MASS; B->X-S-GAMMA; UNIFICATION; CONSTRAINTS; COLLISIONS AB The Higgs sector of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) consists of five physical Higgs bosons, which offer a variety of channels for their experimental search. In this study, we clarify the sensitivity of the future Fermilab Tevatron searches for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons in several channels as a function of the pseudoscalar mass M-A, tan beta, and the properties of the top and bottom squarks. We place special emphasis on the radiative corrections to the down-type quark and lepton couplings to the Higgs bosons for large tan beta, and how they effect production cross sections and branching ratios. [S0556-2821(99)00917-0]. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM carena@fnal.gov; mrenna@hep.anl.gov; Carlos.Wagner@cern.ch NR 55 TC 173 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 075010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.075010 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700062 ER PT J AU Cheng, HC AF Cheng, HC TI Doublet-triplet splitting and fermion masses with extra dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GEV ENERGY-RANGE; NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; GRAND UNIFICATION; HIGGS; SCALE; TEV; MILLIMETER; PARTICLES; FLAVOR; RATIO AB The pseudo Goldstone boson mechanism for the "doublet-triplet splitting" problem of the grand unified theory can be naturally implemented in the scenario with extra dimensions and branes. The two SU(6) global symmetries of the Higgs sector are located on two separate branes while the SU(6) gauge symmetry is in the bulk. After including several vector-like fields in the bulk, and allowing the most general interactions with their natural strength (including the higher dimensional ones which may be generated by gravity) which are consistent with the geometry, a realistic pattern of the standard model fermion masses and mixings can be naturally obtained without any flavor symmetry. Neutrino masses and mixings required for the solar and atmospheric neutrino problems can also be accommodated. The geometry of extra dimensions and branes provides another way to realize the absence of certain interactions (as required in the pseudo Goldstone boson mechanism) or the smallness of some couplings (e.g., the Yukawa couplings between the fermions and the Higgs bosons), in addition to the usual symmetry arguments. [S0556-2821(99)05719-7]. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cheng, HC (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 075015 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700067 ER PT J AU Edwards, RG Heller, UM Narayanan, R AF Edwards, RG Heller, UM Narayanan, R TI Small eigenvalues of the staggered Dirac operator in the adjoint representation and random matrix theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID VOLUME PARTITION-FUNCTIONS; MICROSCOPIC UNIVERSALITY; SPECTRUM EDGE; QCD; LATTICE AB The low-lying spectrum of the Dirac operator is predicted to be universal, within three classes, depending on symmetry properties specified according to random matrix theory. The three universal classes are the orthogonal, unitary and symplectic ensembles. Lattice gauge theory with staggered fermions has verified two of the cases so far, unitary and symplectic, with staggered fermions in the fundamental representation of SU(3) and SU(2). We verify the missing case here, namely orthogonal, with staggered fermions in the adjoint representation of SU(N-c), N-c = 2,3. [S0556-2821(99)05715-X]. C1 Florida State Univ, Supercomp Computat Res Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Edwards, RG (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Supercomp Computat Res Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 077502 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700078 ER PT J AU Han, T Hewett, JAL AF Han, T Hewett, JAL TI Top-charm associated production in high energy e(+)e(-) collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS; QUARK PRODUCTION; FERMILAB-TEVATRON; HADRON COLLIDERS; STANDARD MODEL; ASSISTED TECHNICOLOR; SCALAR INTERACTIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; ELECTRIC MOMENTS; FLAVOR PHYSICS AB The possibility of exploring the flavor changing neutral current tcZ/tc gamma couplings in the production vertex for the reaction e(+)e(-)-->t (c) over bar+(t) over bar c is examined. Using a model independent parametrization for the effective Lagrangian to describe the most general three-point interactions, production cross sections are found to be relatively small at CERN LEP II, but potentially sizable at higher energy e(+)e(-) colliders. The kinematic characteristics of the signal are studied and a set of cuts are devised for clean separation of the signal from background. The resulting sensitivity to anomalous flavor changing coupling at LEP II with an integrated luminosity of 4 x 500 pb(-1) is found to be comparable to their present indirect constraints from loop processes, while at higher energy colliders with 0.5-1 TeV center-of-mass energy and 50-200 fb(-1) luminosity, one expects to reach a sensitivity at or below the percentage level. [S0556-2821(99)06313-4]. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Han, T (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 81 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 074015 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.074015 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700032 ER PT J AU Isgur, N AF Isgur, N TI Nonresonant semileptonic heavy quark decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ZWEIG-IIZUKA RULE; EFFECTIVE FIELD-THEORY; OPERATOR PRODUCT EXPANSION; MESON DECAYS; FORM-FACTORS; OZI RULE; HADRONIC LOOPS; VERTICAL-BAR; B-DECAY; MODEL AB In both the large N-c limit and the valence quark model, semileptonic decays are dominated by resonant final states. Using Bjorken's sum rule in an "unquenched" version of the quark model, I demonstrate that in the heavy quark limit nonresonant final states should also be produced at a significant rate. By calculating the individual strengths of a large number of exclusive two-body nonresonant channels, I show that the total rate for such processes is highly fragmented. I also describe some very substantial duality-violating suppression factors which reduce the inclusive nonresonant rate to a few percent of the total semileptonic rate for the finite quark masses of (B) over bar decay, and comment on the importance of nonresonant decays as testing grounds for very basic ideas an the structure, strength, and significance of the q (q) over bar sea and on quark-hadron duality in QCD. [S0556-2821(99)03817-5]. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 074030 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.074030 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700047 ER PT J AU Matchev, KT Pierce, DM AF Matchev, KT Pierce, DM TI Supersymmetry reach of the Fermilab Tevatron via trilepton, like-sign dilepton, and dilepton plus tau jet signatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LIGHTEST HIGGS BOSON; CHARGINO-NEUTRALINO PRODUCTION; HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; W+/-Z PRODUCTION; QCD CORRECTIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; GRAND UNIFICATION; PAIR PRODUCTION; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV AB We determine the Fermilab Tevatron's reach in supersymmetric parameter space in trilepton. like-sign dilepton, and dilepton plus tan-jet channels. We critically study the standard model background processes. We find larger backgrounds and, hence, significantly smaller reach regions than recent analyses. We identify the major cause of the background discrepancy. We improve signal-to-noise by introducing an invariant mass cut which takes advantage of a sharp edge in the signal dilepton invariant mass distribution. Also, we independently vary the cuts at each point in SUSY parameter space to determine the set which yields the maximal reach. We find that this cut optimization can significantly enhance the Tevatron reach. [S0556-2821(99)05717-3]. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Matchev, KT (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 65 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 075004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.075004 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700056 ER PT J AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, TG TI Using scalars to probe theories of low scale quantum gravity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BOSON PAIR PRODUCTION; PHOTON-PHOTON COLLISIONS; GAMMA-E; DIMENSIONS; TEV; COLLIDERS; BEAMS; MILLIMETER AB Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali have recently suggested that gravity may become strong at energies near 1 TeV which would remove the hierarchy problem. Such a scenario can be tested at present and future colliders since the exchange of towers of Kaluza-Klein gravitons lends to a set of new dimension-8 operators that can play important phenomenological roles. In this paper we examine how the production of pairs of scalers at e(+)e(-), gamma gamma and hadron colliders can be used to further probe the effects of graviton tower exchange. In particular we examine the tree-level production of pairs of identical Higgs fields which occurs only at the loop level in both the standard model and its extension to the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Cross sections for such processes are found to be potentially large at the CERN LHC and the next generation of ii near colliders. For the yy case the role of polarization in improving sensitivity to graviton exchange is emphasized. [S0556-2821(99)03417-7]. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 075001 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700053 ER PT J AU Suzuki, M Wolfenstein, L AF Suzuki, M Wolfenstein, L TI Final state interaction phase in B decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CP VIOLATION; RESCATTERING AB From an estimate of the meson-meson inelastic scattering at 5 GeV, it is concluded that a typical strong phase in B decays to two mesons is of the order of 20 degrees. For a particular final state, an estimate of the phase depends on whether that state is more or less probable as a final state compared to those states to which it is connected by the strong interaction S matrix. [S0556-2821(99)07317-8]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Suzuki, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 AR 074019 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.074019 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 241EA UT WOS:000082868700036 ER PT J AU Zhu, JZ Chen, LQ Shen, J Tikare, V AF Zhu, JZ Chen, LQ Shen, J Tikare, V TI Coarsening kinetics from a variable-mobility Cahn-Hilliard equation: Application of a semi-implicit Fourier spectral method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; PHASE-SEPARATION; GROWTH AB An efficient semi-implicit Fourier spectral method is implemented to solve the Cahn-Hilliard equation with a variable mobility. The method is orders of magnitude more efficient than the conventional forward Euler finite-difference method, thus allowing us to simulate large systems for longer times. We studied the coarsening kinetics of interconnected two-phase mixtures using a Cahn-Hilliard equation with its mobility depending on local compositions. In particular, we compared the kinetics of bulk-diffusion-dominated and interface diffusion-dominated coarsening in two-phase systems. Results are compared with existing theories and previous computer simulations. [S1063-651X(99)09809-8]. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhu, JZ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Shen, Jie/B-4956-2014; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Shen, Jie/P-4151-2016 OI Shen, Jie/0000-0002-4885-5732; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Shen, Jie/0000-0002-4885-5732 NR 18 TC 183 Z9 188 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 3564 EP 3572 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.3564 PN A PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XD UT WOS:000083414800019 PM 11970189 ER PT J AU Smith, E AF Smith, E TI Statistical mechanics of self-driven Carnot cycles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID THERMOACOUSTIC PRIME MOVER; LAGRANGIANS; ENGINES AB The spontaneous generation and finite-amplitude saturation of sound, in a traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine, are derived as properties of a second-order phase transition.:It has previously been argued that this dynamical phase transition, called "onset," has an equivalent equilibrium representation, but the saturation mechanism and scaling were not computed. In this work, the sound modes implementing the engine cycle are coarse-grained and statistically averaged, in a partition function derived from microscopic dynamics on criteria of scale invariance. Self-amplification performed by the engine cycle is introduced through higher-order modal interactions. Stationary points and fluctuations of the resulting phenomenological Lagrangian are analyzed and related to background dynamical currents. The scaling of the stable sound amplitude near the critical point is derived and shown to arise universally from the interaction of-finite-temperature disorder, with the order induced by self-amplification. [S1063-651X(99)03210-9]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 3633 EP 3645 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.3633 PN A PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XD UT WOS:000083414800027 PM 11970197 ER PT J AU Uribe, FJ Garcia, AL AF Uribe, FJ Garcia, AL TI Burnett description for plane Poiseuille flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; STRONG SHOCK-WAVES; DILUTE GAS; HYDRODYNAMICS; DYNAMICS; SHEAR; ERROR AB Two recent works have shown that at small Knudsen number (K) the pressure and temperature profiles in plane Poiseuille flow exhibit a different qualitative behavior from the profiles obtained by the Navier-Stokes equations. Tij and Santos [J. Stat. Phys, 76, 1399 (1994)] used Bhatnagar-Gross-Kook model to show that the temperature profile is bimodal and the pressure profile is nonconstant. Malek-Mansour, Baras, and Garcia [Physica A 240, 255 (1997)] qualitatively confirmed these predictions in computer experiments using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC). In this paper we compare the DSMC measurements of hydrodynamic variables and non-equilibrium fluxes with numerical solutions of the Burnett equations. Given that they are in better agreement with molecular-dynamics simulations [E. Salomons and M. Mareschal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 269 (1992)] of strong shock waves than Navier-Stokes [F. J. Uribe, R. M. Velasco, and L. S. Garcia-Colin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2044 (1998)], and that they are second order in Knudsen number suggests that the Burnett equations may provide a better description for large K. We:find that for plane Poiseuille flow the Burnett equations do not predict the bimodal temperature profile but do recover many of the other anomalous features (e.g., nonconstant pressure and nonzero parallel heat flux). [S1063-651X(99)02410-1]. C1 Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Fis, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Fis, POB 55-534, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico. NR 42 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 4063 EP 4078 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4063 PN A PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XD UT WOS:000083414800073 PM 11970243 ER PT J AU Moldovan, D Golubovic, L AF Moldovan, D Golubovic, L TI Tethered membranes far from equilibrium: Buckling dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CRYSTALLINE; PHASE; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; FLUCTUATIONS; INSTABILITY; MANIFOLDS; SURFACES; OXIDE AB We study the dynamics of the classical Euler buckling of compressed solid membranes. We relate the membrane buckling dynamics to phase ordering phenomena. Membranes develop a wavelike pattern whose wavelength grows, via coarsening, as a power of time. We find that evolving membranes are similar to growing surfaces ("growing interfaces") whose transverse width grows as a power of time. The morphology of the evolving membranes is characterized by the presence of a network of growing ridges where the elastic energy is mostly localized. We used this fact to develop a scaling theory of the buckling dynamics that gives analytic estimates of the coarsening exponents. Our findings show that the membrane buckling dynamics is characterized by a distinct scaling behavior not found in other coarsening phenomena. [S1063-651X(99)04510-9]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Moldovan, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 4377 EP 4384 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4377 PN B PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XE UT WOS:000083414900022 PM 11970292 ER PT J AU Mattioli, M Fournier, KB Carraro, L DeMichelis, C Monier-Garbet, P Puiatti, ME Sattin, F Scarin, P Valisa, M AF Mattioli, M Fournier, KB Carraro, L DeMichelis, C Monier-Garbet, P Puiatti, ME Sattin, F Scarin, P Valisa, M TI Experimental and simulated neon spectra in the 10-nm wavelength region from tokamak and reversed held pinch plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LINE-INTENSITY RATIOS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; FIELD PINCH; TORE-SUPRA; N=3 LEVELS; IONS; VII; TRANSITIONS; BEHAVIOR; PROFILES AB Experimental neon spectra (in the 10-nm region), from the tokamak Tore Supra and the reversed field pinch experiment RFX, have been simulated. The spectra include lines from three neon ionization states, namely Ne7+, Ne6+, and Ne5+ ions. Collisional radiative models have been built for these three Ne ions, considering electron collisional excitation and radiative decay as populating processes of the excited states. These models give photon emission coefficients for the emitted lines at electron density and temperature values corresponding to the experimental situations. Impurity modelling is performed using a one-dimensional impurity transport code, calculating the steady-state radial distribution of the Ne ions. The Ne line brightnesses are evaluated in a post-process subroutine and simulated spectra are obtained. The parts of the spectra corresponding to a single ionization state do not depend on the experimental conditions and show good agreement with the simulated single ionization state spectra. On the other hand, the superposition of the three spectra depends on the experimental conditions, as a consequence of the fact that the ion charge distribution depends not only on the radial profiles of the electron density and temperature, but also of the impurity transport coefficients. Simulations of the Ne spectra (including transport) give confidence in the atomic physics calculations; moreover, they allow the determination of the transport coefficients in the plasma region emitting the considered ionization states. [S1063-651X(99)14510-0]. C1 EURATOM Assoc, Dept Rech Fus Controlee, CEA Fus, Ctr Etud Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padua, Italy. RP Mattioli, M (reprint author), EURATOM Assoc, Dept Rech Fus Controlee, CEA Fus, Ctr Etud Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. RI Sattin, Fabio/B-5620-2013 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 4760 EP 4769 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4760 PN B PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XE UT WOS:000083414900072 PM 11970342 ER PT J AU Carreras, BA Lynch, VE Newman, DE Zaslavsky, GM AF Carreras, BA Lynch, VE Newman, DE Zaslavsky, GM TI Anomalous diffusion in a running sandpile model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; AVALANCHES; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; CHAOS AB To explore the character of underlying transport in a sandpile, we have followed the motion of tracer particles. Moments of the distribution function of the particle positions, [/x(t) - x(o)/(n)] = D(0)t(nv(n)), are determined as a function of the elapsed time. The numerical results show that the transport mechanism for distances less than the sandpile length is superdiffusive with an exponent v(n) close to 0.75, for n < 1. [S1063-651X(99)17410-5]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012 OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 4770 EP 4778 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4770 PN B PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XE UT WOS:000083414900073 PM 11970343 ER PT J AU Forest, E Robin, DS AF Forest, E Robin, DS TI Maps for distributions and their time evolution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB Many dynamical stochastic processes occur "on top" of a deterministic process. We present a method which uses the trajectory of the deterministic process as basis functions for quasiarbitrary distributions. A map for the stochastic process can then be computed. This may have applications in electron storage rings or other devices perturbed by a small stochasticity. In this paper we will look only at the most elementary applications of the method. [S1063-651X(99)05310-6]. C1 High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Forest, E (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 4793 EP 4810 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4793 PN B PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XE UT WOS:000083414900075 PM 11970345 ER PT J AU Limborg, C Sebek, J AF Limborg, C Sebek, J TI Relaxation oscillations of the synchrotron motion caused by narrow-band impedances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB Although the linearized theory of small amplitude synchrotron oscillations and the instability thresholds derived from it have long been understood, there is no satisfactory description of the large amplitude highly nonlinear synchrotron motion of a bunched beam. With an appropriate tuning of the RF cavity impedance, large amplitude, low frequency, self-sustained relaxation oscillations of this synchrotron motion are generated. This paper presents detailed experimental data on such behavior, tracking code results that reproduce the important characteristics, and a simple analytical model that explains the key features of the relaxation oscillation: growth of the instability, saturation of the oscillation, breakup of the bunch, and subsequent damping of the system back to the beginning of the next cycle of the relaxation oscillation. [S1063-651X(99)10110-7]. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Limborg, C (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, MS 99,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 4823 EP 4835 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4823 PN B PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XE UT WOS:000083414900077 PM 11970347 ER PT J AU Ripley, PM Laufer, JG Gordon, AD Connell, RJ Bown, SG AF Ripley, PM Laufer, JG Gordon, AD Connell, RJ Bown, SG TI Near-infrared optical properties of ex vivo human uterus determined by the Monte Carlo inversion technique SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; TISSUES; TEMPERATURE AB The optical properties, absorption (mu(a)) and reduced scattering coefficient (mu'(s)), of ex vivo human myometrium and leiomyoma (fibroid) have been determined by the Monte Carlo inversion technique over the wavelength range 600-1000 nm. This region is currently of interest for new, minimal-access, surgical laser procedures such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) for abnormalities of the uterus, and interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP) for the thermal ablation of fibroids. In the region 630-675 nm (corresponding to PDT), the optical coefficients of myometrium are mu(a) = 0.041 +/- 0.012 mm(-1) and mu(s)' = 1.37 +/- 0.19 mm(-1). For the wavelength range 800-1000 nm (associated with infrared lasers for ILP), the optical coefficients of fibroid were found to be mu(a) = 0.020 +/- 0.003 mm(-1) and mu(s)' = 0.56 +/- 0.03 mm(-1). Overall, the optical properties of fibroid were found to be lower than myometrium, and this was attributed to the differences in both anatomy and vascularity. The results show that PDT for ablation of the uterine endometrium is most unlikely to affect any tissues beyond the myometrium, and that the region around 800 nm is the most effective for ablation of fibroids using ILP as the penetration depth of light is greatest at this wavelength. C1 UCL, Inst Surg Studies, Dept Med Phys & Bioengn, London WC1E 6JA, England. UCL, Inst Surg Studies, Natl Med Laser Ctr, London WC1E 6JA, England. RP Ripley, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST-4 MS-E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pripley@lanl.gov RI Bown, Stephen/C-5713-2009; OI Laufer, Jan/0000-0002-9688-8993 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 44 IS 10 BP 2451 EP 2462 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/44/10/307 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 245QX UT WOS:000083120600007 PM 10533922 ER PT J AU Finn, JM del-Castillo-Negrete, D Barnes, DC AF Finn, JM del-Castillo-Negrete, D Barnes, DC TI Compressional effects in nonneutral plasmas, a shallow water analogy and m=1 instability SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW ELECTRON COLUMNS; EQUILIBRIA; LENGTH; MODEL AB Diocotron instabilities form an important class of E X B shear flow instabilities which occur in nonneutral plasmas. The case of a single-species plasma confined in a cylindrical Penning trap, with an axisymmetric, hollow (nonmonotonic) density profile is studied. According to the standard linear theory, the m = 1, k(z) = 0 diocotron mode is always stable. On the other hand, experiments by Driscoll [Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 645 (1990)] show a robust exponential growth of m = 1 diocotron perturbations in hollow density profiles. The apparent contradiction between these experimental results and linear theory has been an outstanding problem in the theory of nonneutral plasmas. A new instability mechanism due to the radial variation of the equilibrium plasma length is proposed in this paper. This mechanism involves the compression of the plasma parallel to the magnetic field and implies the conservation of the line integrated density. The predicted growth rate, frequency, and mode structure are in reasonable agreement with the experiment. The effect of a linear perturbation of the plasma length is also shown to give instability with a comparable growth rate. The conservation of the line integrated density in the plasma is analogous to the conservation of the potential vorticity in the shallow water equations used in geophysical fluid dynamics. In particular, there is an analog of Rossby waves in nonneutral plasmas. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)01310-5]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Finn, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 3744 EP 3758 DI 10.1063/1.873637 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 238PY UT WOS:000082719700004 ER PT J AU Tajima, T Kishimoto, Y Downer, MC AF Tajima, T Kishimoto, Y Downer, MC TI Optical properties of cluster plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ELECTRON; IONIZATION; WAVES AB It is shown that unlike a gas plasma or an electron plasma in a metal, an ionized clustered material ("cluster plasma") permits propagation below the plasma cut-off of electromagnetic (EM) waves whose phase velocity is close to but below the speed of light. Its unique properties allow a variety of applications, including direct acceleration of particles with its EM fields and the phase matching of waves of high harmonic generation (HHG). The particle-in-cell simulation demonstrates the new optical mode, the cluster mode. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)01410-X]. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Photon Res Ctr, Naka, Ibaraki 3110195, Japan. RP Tajima, T (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 18 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 3759 EP 3764 DI 10.1063/1.873638 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 238PY UT WOS:000082719700005 ER PT J AU Garcia, L Carreras, BA Lynch, VE AF Garcia, L Carreras, BA Lynch, VE TI Effect of poloidally asymmetric sheared flow on resistive ballooning turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EDGE TURBULENCE; VELOCITY-SHEAR; HIGH-BETA; CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK; SUPPRESSION; SIMULATION; MODES AB The shear flow induced through the Reynolds stress tensor by turbulence with ballooning character is poloidally asymmetric. For circular cross section tokamak plasmas, its main component is the (m = 1, n = 0). The effect of such a sheared flow on both linear and nonlinear instability is analyzed. Its effect on the linear stability properties of resistive ballooning modes is compared with the effect of poloidally symmetric sheared flows. It is shown that asymmetry in the flow does not reduce its effectiveness in stabilizing the linear resistive ballooning modes. It is also effective in reducing the turbulence level and decreasing the turbulence induced diffusivities. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)02510-0]. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garcia, L (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain. RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012; Garcia, Luis/A-5344-2015 OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636; Garcia, Luis/0000-0002-0492-7466 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 3910 EP 3917 DI 10.1063/1.873654 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 238PY UT WOS:000082719700022 ER PT J AU Martin-Solis, JR Sanchez, R Esposito, B AF Martin-Solis, JR Sanchez, R Esposito, B TI Effect of magnetic and electrostatic fluctuations on the runaway electron dynamics in tokamak plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB A test particle description of the runaway dynamics [J.R. Martin-Solis , Phys. Plasmas 5, 2370 (1998)] is extended to investigate the behavior of runaway electrons in the presence of fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields. The interaction with the fluctuations is accounted for via a friction force with an effective "collision" frequency determined by the fluctuation induced radial diffusion coefficient. It is shown that both the runaway generation process and the maximum runaway energy can be noticeably affected by magnetic fluctuations. The test particle model is then used to discuss a proposed runaway control scheme via induced magnetic turbulence, with particular emphasis to situations like major disruptions, where a large number of runaway electrons and high runaway energies are expected. It is found that the efficiency of such scheme can in some cases be jeopardized by drift orbit effects as well as by the coexistence of stochastic magnetic regions with good magnetic surfaces. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)03109-2]. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ENEA, EURATOM Assoc, CRE, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Martin-Solis, JR (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Ave Univ 30, Madrid, Spain. RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 3925 EP 3933 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 238PY UT WOS:000082719700024 ER PT J AU Stacey, WM Mahdavi, MA Maingi, R Petrie, TW AF Stacey, WM Mahdavi, MA Maingi, R Petrie, TW TI Multi-faceted asymmetric radiation from the edge formation in DIII-D high-confinement mode discharges with continuous gas puffing SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-DENSITY; TOKAMAK; DIVERTOR; TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; STABILITY; MARFES AB A set of continuously gas fueled DIII-D [Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1986) p. 159] high confinement mode (H-mode) shots at three neutral beam injection powers and two values of magnetic field (q(95)) have been analyzed to investigate the evolution of plasma edge conditions leading to the formation of X-point MARFEs (multifaceted asymmetric radiation from edge), which are followed by an H-L transition that constitutes a practical density limit for this class of shots in DIII-D. The MARFE initiation is found to be caused by a combination of a sharply increasing concentration of recycling neutrals in the plasma edge, decreasing edge inverse temperature and density gradient scale lengths, and increasing edge density. The line-average density at which MARFEs precipitates increases with increasing injection power and with decreasing q(95). It is not clear whether the formation of the X-point MARFE causes or merely precedes the H-L transition. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)03210-3]. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stacey, WM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 3941 EP 3954 DI 10.1063/1.873658 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 238PY UT WOS:000082719700026 ER PT J AU Rose, DV Ottinger, PF Welch, DR Oliver, BV Olson, CL AF Rose, DV Ottinger, PF Welch, DR Oliver, BV Olson, CL TI Numerical simulations of self-pinched transport of intense ion beams in low-pressure gases SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION AB The self-pinched transport of intense ion beams in low-pressure background gases is studied using numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. The simulations are carried out in a parameter regime that is similar to proton beam experiments being fielded on the Gamble II pulsed power generator [J. D. Shipman, Jr., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-18, 243 (1971)] at the Naval Research Laboratory. Simulation parameter variations provide information on scaling with background gas species, gas pressure, beam current, beam energy, injection angles, and boundaries. The simulation results compare well with simple analytic scaling arguments for the gas pressure at which the effective net current should peak and with estimates for the required confinement current. The analysis indicates that the self-pinched transport of intense proton beams produced on Gamble II (1.5 MeV, 100 kA, 3 cm radius) is expected to occur at gas pressures between 30 and 80 mTorr of He or between 3 and 10 mTorr of Ar. The significance of these results to ion-driven inertial confinement fusion is discussed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)03610-1]. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rose, DV (reprint author), JAYCOR, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 4094 EP 4103 DI 10.1063/1.873671 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 238PY UT WOS:000082719700040 ER PT J AU Hartemann, FV Landahl, EC Troha, AL Van Meter, JR Baldis, HA Freeman, RR Luhmann, NC Song, L Kerman, AK Yu, DUL AF Hartemann, FV Landahl, EC Troha, AL Van Meter, JR Baldis, HA Freeman, RR Luhmann, NC Song, L Kerman, AK Yu, DUL TI The chirped-pulse inverse free-electron laser: A high-gradient vacuum laser accelerator SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TI-SAPPHIRE; PLASMA-WAVES; SCATTERING; INJECTION; AMPLIFICATION; SYSTEM; GAIN; BEAM AB The inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) interaction is studied theoretically and computationally in the case where the drive laser intensity approaches the relativistic regime, and the pulse duration is only a few optical cycles long. The IFEL concept has been demonstrated as a viable vacuum laser acceleration process; it is shown here that by using an ultrashort, ultrahigh-intensity drive laser pulse, the IFEL interaction bandwidth and accelerating gradient are increased considerably, thus yielding large energy gains. Using a chirped pulse and negative dispersion focusing optics allows one to take further advantage of the laser optical bandwidth and produce a chromatic line focus maximizing the gradient. The combination of these novel ideas results in a compact vacuum laser accelerator capable of accelerating picosecond electron bunches with a high gradient (GeV/m) and very low energy spread. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)04110-5]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. DULY Res Inc, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275 USA. RP Hartemann, FV (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Landahl, Eric/A-1742-2010; van meter, james/E-7893-2011 NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 4104 EP 4110 DI 10.1063/1.873718 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 238PY UT WOS:000082719700041 ER PT J AU Drell, SD AF Drell, SD TI Cooperation between scientists and the government in the US: benefits and problems SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE science and government; science and public policy; science advice AB This paper discusses the importance of maintaining close working relations between scientists and their government. Several examples of this cooperation in the U.S. are presented to illustrate the benefits, as well as problems, that result from such cooperation, or lack thereof. These examples include government support of scientific research, as well as contributions by science to help governments understand both the possibilities and the limitations of science as they formulate national policy. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Drell, SD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 320 IS 1-6 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00055-1 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246XG UT WOS:000083189700003 ER PT J AU Jackson, JD AF Jackson, JD TI From Alexander of aphrodisias to Young and Airy SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review AB A didactic discussion of the physics of rainbows is presented? with some emphasis on the history? especially the contributions of Thomas Young nearly 200 years ago. We begin with the simple geometrical optics of Descartes and Newton, including the reasons for Alexander's dark band between the main and secondary bows. We then show how dispersion produces the familiar colorful spectacle. Interference between waves emerging at the same angle, but traveling different optical paths within the water drops, accounts for the existence of distinct supernumerary rainbows under the right conditions (small drops, uniform in size). Young's and Airy's contributions are given their due. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jackson, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 320 IS 1-6 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00088-5 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246XG UT WOS:000083189700004 ER PT J AU Chanowitz, MS AF Chanowitz, MS TI Quantum corrections from nonresonant WW scattering SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE radiative corrections; strong WW scattering ID STRONGLY INTERACTING WS; FINE-TUNING PRICE; GAUGE; LEP; ZS; FORMULATION; THEOREMS; PHYSICS AB An estimate is presented of the leading radiative corrections to low energy electroweak precision measurements from strong nonresonant WW scattering at the TeV energy scale. The estimate is based on a novel representation of nonresonant scattering in terms of the exchange of an effective scalar propagator with simple poles in the complex energy plane. The resulting corrections have the form of the corrections from the standard model Higgs boson with the mass set to the unitarity scale for strong WW scattering. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chanowitz, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 320 IS 1-6 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00077-0 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 246XG UT WOS:000083189700013 ER PT J AU Abell, DT AF Abell, DT TI The science wars continue, with debate on 'Fashionable nonsense' SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Abell, DT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 1999 VL 52 IS 10 BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 242LF UT WOS:000082942000022 ER PT J AU Lieu, JG Prausnitz, JM AF Lieu, JG Prausnitz, JM TI Vapor-liquid equilibria for binary solutions of polyisobutylene in C-6 through C-9 n-alkanes SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE vapor-liquid-equilibrium; polyisobutylene; Flory-Huggins theory ID PRIGOGINE-FLORY-PATTERSON; SOLVENT; SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMICS; POLYSTYRENE; SEPARATION; AIR AB Vapor-liquid equilibria for binary solutions of polyisobutylene in C-6 through C-9 n-alkanes were obtained at 65 degrees C. Using a classic, gravimetric-sorption method, the amount of solvent absorbed by polyisobutylene was measured as a function of solvent vapor pressure. The data were interpreted by the Flory-Huggins theory and the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT PY 1999 VL 40 IS 21 BP 5865 EP 5871 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00794-0 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 213ZK UT WOS:000081303000013 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Rajagopal, KR Phuoc, TX AF Massoudi, M Rajagopal, KR Phuoc, TX TI On the fully developed flow of a dense particulate mixture in a pipe SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Freight-Pipeline-Society Meeting CY APR, 1998 CL MONTERREY, MEXICO SP Int Freight Pineline Soc DE multiphase pipe flow; solid-fluid interactions; continuum mechanics; coal slurries ID GRANULAR-MATERIALS; STRESS CALCULATIONS; FLUID; ASSEMBLIES; PARTICLES; SPHERES; DISKS AB In this paper we present the governing equations for the flow of a dense particulate mixture in a pipe. The governing equations for the individual constituent as well as the mixture are provided based on continuum mechanics. Constitutive relations for the stress tensors and the interaction force are presented and discussed. A model is provided for the viscosity of the mixture. Numerical solution for the steady fully developed isothermal flow of such a mixture in a pipe is presented. The importance of the pressure drop and the skin friction in pipe flow are also discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 61 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 104 IS 3 BP 258 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00103-5 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 241EU UT WOS:000082870400010 ER PT J AU Maruyama, T Shin, H Fujii, H Tatsumi, T AF Maruyama, T Shin, H Fujii, H Tatsumi, T TI K+(K-0)-condensation in highly dense matter with the relativistic mean-field theory SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; STRANGE HADRONIC MATTER; KAON CONDENSATION; NEUTRON-STARS; LAMBDA-HYPERNUCLEI; EQUATION; ENERGY; STATE AB Properties of dense hadronic matter including strange particles are studied within the relativistic mean-field theory (RMFT). The possibility of kaon condensation is reexamined, and a simple condition is found for the parameters included in RMFT. C1 RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Maruyama, T (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Coll Bioresource Sci, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 2528510, Japan. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0033-068X J9 PROG THEOR PHYS JI Prog. Theor. Phys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 102 IS 4 BP 809 EP 818 DI 10.1143/PTP.102.809 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 251DR UT WOS:000083429800009 ER PT J AU Hobbs, ML Baer, MR McGee, BC AF Hobbs, ML Baer, MR McGee, BC TI JCZS: An intermolecular potential database for performing accurate detonation and expansion calculations SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; SHOCK COMPRESSION; 900 KBAR; TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN; PRESSURES AB Exponential-13,6 (EXP-13,6) potential parameters for 750 gases composed of 48 elements were determined and assembled in a database, referred to as the JCZS database, for use with the Jacobs Cowperthwaite Zwisler equation of stare (JCZ3-EOS)((1)). The EXP-13,6 force constants were obtained by using literature Values of Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential functions, by using corresponding states (CS) theory, by matching pure liquid shock Hugoniot data, and by using molecular volume to determine the approach radii with the well depth estimated from high-pressure isentropes. The JCZS database was used to accurately predict detonation velocity, pressure, and temperature for 50 different explosives with initial densities ranging from 0.25 g/cm(3) to 1.97 g/cm(3). Accurate predictions were also obtained for pure liquid shock Hugoniots, static properties of nitrogen, and gas detonations at high initial pressures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hobbs, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 24 IS 5 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4087(199910)24:5<269::AID-PREP269>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 259LD UT WOS:000083894600001 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DM Swansiger, RW AF Hoffman, DM Swansiger, RW TI Partial phase behavior of HMX/DMSO solutions SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVES AB The phase diagram of HMX/DMSO and the solvated complex HMX-(DMSO)(2) has been investigated by visual observation, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and optical microscopy. Visual observations showed the solved complex exhibited an incongruent melting point, i.e., the melting point of the solvated crystal occurs within the region of the phase diagram where HMX itself precipitates. If the solvated crystal is removed from solution and heated, it reverts to solid HMX and DMSO at the peritectic temperature (similar to 70 degrees C). Using HPLC the change in concentration of the liquid phase was monitored as a function of temperature to confirm the phase line of the DMSO/solvated complex based on visual observation. Polarized light microscopy of the dissolution of seeded solutions of different concentrations was also used to verify these results. It is possible that a 1 : 1 complex also exists, but no evidence for such a complex was found in these experiments. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hoffman, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 24 IS 5 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4087(199910)24:5<301::AID-PREP301>3.0.CO;2-J PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 259LD UT WOS:000083894600006 ER PT J AU Taljat, B Zacharia, T Wang, XL Keiser, JR Swindeman, RW Hubbard, CR AF Taljat, B Zacharia, T Wang, XL Keiser, JR Swindeman, RW Hubbard, CR TI Mechanical design of steel tubing for use in black liquor recovery boilers SO PULP & PAPER-CANADA LA English DT Article DE recovery furnaces; tubes; stainless steel; stresses; machine design; construction materials; cracking ID CRACKING; TUBE AB Finite element models were developed for thermal-mechanical analysis of black liquor recovery boiler floor tubes. Residual stresses in boiler floors due to various manufacturing processes were analyzed. The modeling results were verified by X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements at room temperature on as-manufactured tubes as well as tubes after service. The established finite element models were then used to evaluate stress conditions during boiler operation. Using these finite element models, a parametric response surface study tvas performed to investigate the influence of material properties of die clad layer on stresses in the flour tubes during various boiler operating conditions, which yielded a generalized solution of stresses in the composite tube floors. The results of the study are useful for identifying the mechanisms of cracking experienced by recovery boilers. Based on the results of the response surface study, a recommendation was made far more suitable materials in terms of the analyzed mechanical properties. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taljat, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHAM BUSINESS COMMUNICATION INC PI DON MILLS PA 1450 DON MILLS RD, DON MILLS, ONTARIO M3B 2X7, CANADA SN 0316-4004 J9 PULP PAP-CANADA JI Pulp Pap.-Can. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 100 IS 10 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 249UD UT WOS:000083350900007 ER PT J AU Penetrante, BM Brusasco, RM Merritt, BT Vogtlin, GE AF Penetrante, BM Brusasco, RM Merritt, BT Vogtlin, GE TI Environmental applications of low-temperature plasmas SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IUPAC ID SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION; ELECTRON-IMPACT DISSOCIATION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; EXCESS OXYGEN; NO; CU-ZSM-5; INTERMEDIATE; ZEOLITES; PROPANE; PROPENE AB Treatment of NO2 in diesel engine exhaust represents a big opportunity for the environmental application of low-temperature plasmas. This paper discusses the effect of gas composition on the NO2 conversion chemistry in a plasma. It is shown that the plasma by itself cannot chemically reduce NOx to N-2 in the highly oxidizing environment of a diesel engine exhaust. To implement the reduction of NOx to N-2 it is necessary to combine the plasma with a heterogeneous process that can chemically reduce NO2 to N-2 Data is presented that demonstrates how the selective partial oxidation of NO to NO2 in a plasma can be utilized to enhance the selective reduction of NOx to N-2 by a catalyst. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Penetrante, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 17 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1829 EP 1835 DI 10.1351/pac199971101829 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 328DF UT WOS:000087833000004 ER PT J AU O'Keefe, M AF O'Keefe, M TI Push TEM limits with super resolution SO R&D MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Dept Energy, Lawrence Berkeley Calif Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP O'Keefe, M (reprint author), Dept Energy, Lawrence Berkeley Calif Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI OAK BROOK PA 2000 CLEARWATER DR, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-8809 USA SN 0746-9179 J9 R&D MAG JI R D Mag. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 41 IS 11 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 248TQ UT WOS:000083291800014 ER PT J AU Friedel, RHW Reeves, G Belian, D Cayton, T Mouikis, C Korth, A Blake, B Fennell, J Selesnick, R Baker, D Onsager, T Kanekal, S AF Friedel, RHW Reeves, G Belian, D Cayton, T Mouikis, C Korth, A Blake, B Fennell, J Selesnick, R Baker, D Onsager, T Kanekal, S TI A multi-spacecraft synthesis of relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere using LANL, GOES, GPS, SAMPEX, HEO and POLAR SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Radiation Environment Modeling: New Phenomena and Approaches CY OCT 07-09, 1997 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP Moscow State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow State Univ, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Space Agcy, Russian Fdn Basic Res, COSPAR ID RADIATION BELT; PARTICLE; SOLAR AB One of the Brussels Radiation Belt Workshop recommendation was the establishment of a near-real-time data driven model of the inner magnetospheric energetic particle population (L < 8). Although the "ideal" missions and data sets for such a model do not exist at present, more spacecraft than ever before are currently sampling the inner magnetosphere. We attempt here in a case study of the 10 January, 1997 magnetic cloud event to construct such a model with the energetic electron data available from 5 geosynchronous and 6 elliptically orbiting satellites. We examine the constraints and difficulties of putting together a large number of datasets which are measured near-simultaneously at very different locations in the inner magnetosphere. First results indicate that we can achieve a time resolution of about 3 h for a given "snapshot" of the inner magnetosphere, and that large azimuthal asymmetries of the energetic electron population can be observed during large storms. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Aerospace Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. LASP, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, SEC, Boulder, CO USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Friedel, RHW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 589 EP 597 DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00230-9 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 259MY UT WOS:000083898700011 ER PT J AU Lopata, VJ Saunders, CB Singh, A Janke, CJ Wrenn, GE Havens, SJ AF Lopata, VJ Saunders, CB Singh, A Janke, CJ Wrenn, GE Havens, SJ TI Electron-beam-curable epoxy resins for the manufacture of high-performance composites SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REINFORCED ADVANCED COMPOSITES; CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION; FABRICATION; RADIATION AB Researchers at ACSION Industries and Oak Ridge Center for Composite Manufacturing Technology have recently achieved a major breakthrough for the composites industry by successfully developing Electron-Beam (EB) curable epoxies and EB curing cycles that reduce processing time and cost while meeting the demanding requirements of high-performance composite structures. These developments make it possible to use a large class of common epoxies to build composite parts without the need for slow, high-temperature, high-pressure curing cycles, the associated expensive fabrication tools, or the toxic chemical hardeners. The pioneering invention and development of EB-curable epoxies and the impact of these materials on EB processing of advanced composites has provided the stimulus for several companies to use these EB-curable epoxies to demonstrate numerous manufacturing advantages for EB-cured composite materials. This research has already highlighted novel composite material design concepts that are feasible only by using this technology. This paper summarizes the important aspects of EB-curable epoxies and the EB-curing process. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AHA Enterprises, Victoria, BC V8Y 2R6, Canada. ACISON Ind Inc, Whiteshell Labs, Pinawa, MB R0E 1L0, Canada. Lockheed Martin Energy Res Corp, Oak Ridge Ctr Composite Mfg Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), AHA Enterprises, 82 Gulfview Pl, Victoria, BC V8Y 2R6, Canada. RI Janke, Christopher/E-1598-2017 OI Janke, Christopher/0000-0002-6076-7188 NR 48 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 56 IS 4 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(99)00330-8 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 252WK UT WOS:000083525100005 ER PT J AU Gillen, KT Celina, M Clough, RL AF Gillen, KT Celina, M Clough, RL TI Density measurements as a condition monitoring approach for following the aging of nuclear power plant cable materials SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polymers; aging : ageing; radiation; density; diffusion-limited oxidation ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED OXIDATION; THERMALLY AGED ELASTOMERS; TIME DEVELOPMENT; RADIATION; DEGRADATION; MODEL; ENVIRONMENTS; TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS; PROFILES AB Monitoring changes in material density has been suggested as a potentially useful condition monitoring (CM) method for following the aging of cable jacket and insulation materials in nuclear power plants. In this study, we compare density measurements and ultimate tensile elongation results versus aging time for most of the important generic types of commercial nuclear power plant cable materials. Aging conditions, which include thermal-only, as well as combined radiation plus thermal, were chosen such that potentially anomalous effects caused by diffusion-limited oxidation (DLO) are unimportant. The results show that easily measurable density increases occur in most important cable materials. For some materials and environments, the density change occurs at a fairly constant rate throughout the mechanical property lifetime. For cases involving so-called induction-time behavior, density increases are slow to moderate until after the induction time, at which point they begin to increase dramatically. In other instances, density increases rapidly at first, then slows down. The results offer strong evidence that density measurements, which reflect property changes under both radiation and thermal conditions, could represent a very useful CM approach. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Aging & Reliabil Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gillen, KT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Aging & Reliabil Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 56 IS 4 BP 429 EP 447 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(99)00333-3 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 252WK UT WOS:000083525100007 ER PT J AU Curry, RD Mincher, BJ AF Curry, RD Mincher, BJ TI The status of PCB radiation chemistry research; prospects for waste treatment in nonpolar solvents and soils SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID RAY-INDUCED DEGRADATION; SPENT REACTOR-FUEL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; DECHLORINATION; HYDROCARBONS; DESTRUCTION; 2-PROPANOL; ELECTRONS AB This paper presents a review of PCB radiolysis in oil, polar and nonpolar solvents and soil. The origins of PCB radiolysis research in alkaline isopropanol are discussed, and contrasted with radiolysis in neutral isopropanol and nonpolar solutions. Micellar solution chemistry is presented. Additionally, new applications of soil PCB radiolysis will be discussed and the effect of soil on the chemistry shown. The applicability of the extraction of PCBs from soil followed by the floatation of the solvent and subsequent radiolysis of the PCB in the floatant are reported, along with radiolysis of PCB in soil matrices. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. RP Curry, RD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect Engn, 205 Engn Bldg W, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 56 IS 4 BP 493 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(99)00336-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 252WK UT WOS:000083525100013 ER PT J AU Smith, CL Knudsen, JK Calley, MB AF Smith, CL Knudsen, JK Calley, MB TI Calculating and addressing uncertainty for risk-based allowable outage times SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE AOT; risk assessment; uncertainty; Monte Carlo; Boolean difference; correlation AB This article examines the calculation and treatment of uncertainty in risk-based allowable outage times (AOTs) for operational control at nuclear power plants, where an AOT is defined as the time that a component or system is permitted to be out of service. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRC has explored the possibility of using a nuclear power plant's probabilistic risk assessment results to determine component or system AOTs. The analysis and results from previous work prepared for the NRC on determining risk-based AOTs are presented. As part of the discussion, the article examines the inherent uncertainty in calculating risk-based AOTs and presents the difficulties in calculating these risk-based AOTs. It is noted that care should be taken when dealing with uncertainty analysis results where a time-interval is the outcome of the analysis. In addition, potential improvements in the mechanism of calculating risk-based AOTs are suggested. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Smith, CL (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 66 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0951-8320(99)00018-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 235UY UT WOS:000082562000004 ER PT J AU Olson, RJ Briggs, JM Porter, JH Mah, GR Stafford, SG AF Olson, RJ Briggs, JM Porter, JH Mah, GR Stafford, SG TI Managing data from multiple disciplines, scales, and sites to support synthesis and modeling SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION AB The synthesis and modeling of ecological processes at multiple spatial and temporal scales involves bringing together and sharing data from numerous soul-ces. This article describes a data and information system model that facilitates assembling, managing, and sharing diverse data from multiple disciplines, scales, and sites to support. integrated ecological studies. Cross-site scientific-domain working groups coordinate the development of data associated with their particular scientific working group, including decisions about data requirements, data to be compiled data formats, derived data products, and schedules across the sites. The Web-based data and information system consists of nodes for each working group plus a central node that provides data access, project information data query, and other functionality. The approach incorporates scientists and computer experts in the working groups and provides incentives for individuals to submit documented data to the data and information system. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Olson, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6407, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00060-7 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 241LJ UT WOS:000082884500008 ER PT J AU Running, SW Baldocchi, DD Turner, DP Gower, ST Bakwin, PS Hibbard, KA AF Running, SW Baldocchi, DD Turner, DP Gower, ST Bakwin, PS Hibbard, KA TI A global terrestrial monitoring network integrating tower fluxes, flask sampling, ecosystem modeling and EOS satellite data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International FLUXNET Meeting CY JUN 03-05, 1998 CL POLSON, MT SP U S Dept Energy, Nat Aeronautics & Space Adm Earth Sci Enterprise, Nat Oceanic & Atmospjeric Adm, Nat Sci Fdn, Int Geosphere-Biosphere Program, Global Climate Res Program ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; EDDY-CORRELATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-VAPOR; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; FOREST; EXCHANGE; CO2 AB Acurrate monitoring of global seals changes in the terrestrial biosphere has become acutely important as the scope of human impacts on biological systems and atmospheric chemistry grows. For example, the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 signals some of the dramatic socioeconomic and political decisions that may lie ahead concerning CO(2) emissions and global carbon cycle impacts. These decisions will rely heavily on accurate measures of global biospheric changes (Schimel 1998; IGBP TCWG, 1998). An array of national and international programs have inaugurated global satellite observations, critical field measurements of carbon and water fluxes, and global model development for the purposes of beginning to monitor the biosphere. The detection by these programs of interannual variability of ecosystem fluxes and of longer term trends will permit early indication of fundamental biospheric changes which might otherwise go undetected until major biome conversion begins. This article describes a blueprint for more comprehensive coordination of the various flux measurement and modeling activities into a global terrestrial monitoring network that will have direct relevance to the political decision making of global change. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1999. C1 Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Running, SW (reprint author), Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM swr@ntsg.umt.edu RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011 OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; NR 72 TC 391 Z9 422 U1 7 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 108 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00061-9 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 241LJ UT WOS:000082884500009 ER PT J AU Jarvis, GK Weitzel, KM Malow, M Baer, T Song, Y Ng, CY AF Jarvis, GK Weitzel, KM Malow, M Baer, T Song, Y Ng, CY TI High-resolution pulsed field ionization photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; CHARGE-TRANSFER; ION; THRESHOLD; ENERGY; DISSOCIATION; LIFETIMES; CLUSTERS; STATES; SPECTRA AB We have developed a sensitive and generally applicable scheme for performing pulsed field ionization (PFI) photoelectron (PFI-PE)-photoion coincidence (PFI-PEPICO) spectroscopy using two-bunch and multibunch synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Light Source. We show that this technique provides an ion internal state (or energy) selection limited only by the PFI-PE measurement. Employing a shaped pulse for PFI and ion extraction, a resolution of 0.6 meV [full width at half maximum (FWHM)] is observed in the PFI-PEPICO bands for Ar+(P-2(3/2,1/2)). As demonstrated in the PFI-PEPICO study of the process, O-2+h nu --> O-2(+)(b (4)Sigma(g)(-), v(+)=4, N+)+e(-)--> O+(S-4)+O(P-3)+e(-), the dissociation of O-2(+)(b (4)Sigma(g)(-), v(+)=4) in specific rotational N+ levels can be examined. The simulation of the experimental breakdown diagram for this reaction supports the conclusion that the threshold for the formation of O+(S-4)+O(P-3) from O-2(+)(b (4)Sigma(g)(-), v(+)=4) lies at N+=9. We have also recorded the PFI-PEPICO time-of-flight (TOF) spectra of O+ formed in the dissociation of O-2(+)(b (4)Sigma(g)(-), v(+)=4-7). The simulation of these O+ TOF spectra indicates that the PFI-PEPICO method is applicable for the determination of kinetic energy releases. Previous PFI-PE studies on O-2 suggest that a high-n O-2 Rydberg state [O-2*(n)] with a dissociative ion core undergoes prompt dissociation to yield a high-n' O-atom Rydberg state [O*(n')] [Evans , J. Chem. Phys. 110, 315 (1999)]. The subsequent PFI of O-*(n(')) accounts for the formation of a PFI-PE and O+. Since the PFI-PE intensities for O+ and O-2(+) depend on the lifetimes of O-*(n(')) and O-2(*)(n), respectively, the PFI-PE intensity enhancement observed for rotational transitions to O-2(+)(b (4)Sigma(g)(-), v(+)=4, N(+)greater than or equal to 9) can be attributed to the longer lifetimes for O-*(n(')) than those for O-2(*)(n). The PFI-PEPICO study of the dissociation of CH3+ from CH4 also reveals the lifetime effects and dc field effects on the observed intensities for CH3+ and CH4+. The high resolution for PFI-PEPICO measurements, along with the ability to distinguish the CH3+ fragments due to the supersonically cooled CH4 beam from those formed by the thermal CH4 sample, has allowed the determination of a highly accurate dissociation threshold for CH3+ from CH4. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)02210-8]. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM CYNG@AMESLAB.GOV NR 72 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3892 EP 3906 DI 10.1063/1.1150009 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 240TY UT WOS:000082842300016 ER PT J AU Kornienko, O Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Kornienko, O Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Electron impact ionization in a microion trap mass spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP AB A microscale ion trap mass spectrometer (r(0)=0.50 mm, z(0)=0.55 mm) with an electron gun for electron impact ionization of gaseous samples is described. Operated in the mass-instability mode, the trap had a m/z range from 40 to 400 Da. For single scans, peak widths of less than 0.2 Da were obtained. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)02110-3]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kornienko, O (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3907 EP 3909 DI 10.1063/1.1150010 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 240TY UT WOS:000082842300017 ER PT J AU Anders, S Padmore, HA Duarte, RM Renner, T Stammler, T Scholl, A Scheinfein, MR Stohr, J Seve, L Sinkovic, B AF Anders, S Padmore, HA Duarte, RM Renner, T Stammler, T Scholl, A Scheinfein, MR Stohr, J Seve, L Sinkovic, B TI Photoemission electron microscope for the study of magnetic materials SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION MICROSPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMICROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CHROMATIC ABERRATION; SURFACE ORIENTATION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FORCE MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; EMISSION AB The design of a high resolution photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) for the study of magnetic materials is described. PEEM is based on imaging the photoemitted (secondary) electrons from a sample irradiated by x rays. This microscope is permanently installed at the Advanced Light Source at a bending magnet that delivers linearly polarized, and left and right circularly polarized radiation in the soft x-ray range. The microscope can utilize several contrast mechanisms to study the surface and subsurface properties of materials. A wide range of contrast mechanisms can be utilized with this instrument to form topographical, elemental, chemical, magnetic circular and linear dichroism, and polarization contrast high resolution images. The electron optical properties of the microscope are described, and some first results are presented. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)02910-X]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Anders, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 NR 62 TC 146 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 70 IS 10 BP 3973 EP 3981 DI 10.1063/1.1150023 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 240TY UT WOS:000082842300030 ER PT J AU Klein, S AF Klein, S TI Suppression of bremsstrahlung and pair production due to environmental factors SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; TRANSITION RADIATION; GLUON RADIATION; CASCADE SHOWERS; DENSE MATTER; COSMIC-RAYS; NEUTRINOS; SPECTRUM; PARTICLES AB The environment in which bremsstrahlung and pair creation occurs can strongly affect cross sections for these processes. Because ultrarelativistic electromagnetic interactions involve very small longitudinal momentum transfers, the reactions occur gradually, spread over long distances. During this time, even relatively weak factors can accumulate enough to disrupt the interaction. In the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect, multiple scattering reduces the bremsstrahlung and pair production cross section. This review will discuss this and a variety of other factors that can suppress bremsstrahlung and pair production, as well as related effects involving beamstrahlung and QCD processes. After surveying different theoretical approaches, experimental measurements will be covered. Recent accurate measurements by the SLAG E-146 Collaboration will be highlighted, along with several recent theoretical works relating to the experiment. [S0034-6861(99)00905-8]. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 109 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1501 EP 1538 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.71.1501 PG 38 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 270PF UT WOS:000084544000006 ER PT J AU Benczer-Koller, N Kumbartzki, G Jakob, G Holden, J Mertzimekis, TJ Speidel, KH Beausang, C Krucken, R McMahan, M Macchiavelli, A Phair, L Lee, IY Maier-Komor, P AF Benczer-Koller, N Kumbartzki, G Jakob, G Holden, J Mertzimekis, TJ Speidel, KH Beausang, C Krucken, R McMahan, M Macchiavelli, A Phair, L Lee, IY Maier-Komor, P TI Single particle contributions to the structure of low-lying states of Cr, Ti, Se, Zr and Nd nuclei via precision g-factor measurements SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXII Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 05-08, 1999 CL INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL, OAXTEPEC, MEXICO SP UNAM, Inst Fis, UNAM, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Politecn Nacl, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Sociedad Mexicana Fis, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Ctr Latinoamer Fis HO INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL DE magnetic moments; nuclear structure; independent particle and collective models ID MAGNETIC-MOMENT MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-SPIN AB Magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments have traditionally been critical in the determination of the microscopic wave functions of particular nuclear states. Measurements on nuclei at high spin and energy, as well as on nuclei in superdeformed states have yielded a wealth of information on their structure. The techniques developed for these measurements are now being extended to the study of nuclei far-from-stability such as those which will be accessible via reactions with radioactive beams. Very precise determinations of the magnetic moments of the 2(1)(+) states of Cr, Ti, Zr, Se and Nd isotopes, recently carried out via "projectile excitation", place very tight constraints on existing nuclear models, from single particle calculations in the 1fp shell to extended IBM models, and further highlight the importance of the interplay between single particle and collective excitations across the table of isotopes. The experimental results will be presented and compared with theoretical calculations. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RP Benczer-Koller, N (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RI Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013 OI Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 45 SU 2 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252PA UT WOS:000083509900011 ER PT J AU Galindo-Uribarri, A AF Galindo-Uribarri, A TI Recent studies of nuclear structure far from stability SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXII Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 05-08, 1999 CL INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL, OAXTEPEC, MEXICO SP UNAM, Inst Fis, UNAM, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Politecn Nacl, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Sociedad Mexicana Fis, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Ctr Latinoamer Fis HO INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL DE gamma-ray spectrometers; radioactive ion beams; rotational bands; Pm, Nd, Pr, Ce and La isotopes ID LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; SUPERDEFORMED BAND; CHANNEL SELECTION; MASS REGION; LINE; DETECTOR AB The use of state-of-the-art instrumentation such as i) highly efficient gamma-ray spectrometers: GAMMASPHERE, CLARION and the 8 pi; ii) large solid angle charged-particle detector systems: Microball, HyBall, and Miniball; iii) recoil separators: FMA and RMS; and, iv) proton-rich radioactive ion beams is making possible the study of properties of nuclei under extreme conditions of angular momentum, excitation energy, and isospin. One example is the study of the fundamental mechanisms for the origin of deformation in the mass 130 region. This mass region represents an important laboratory for understanding the role in deformation of the occupation of different intruder/extruder orbitals. A series of recent experiments has led to the discovery of several rotational bands in nuclei in this region extending significantly our knowledge of deformation on the chains of Pm, Nd, Pr, Ce and La isotopes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Galindo-Uribarri, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 45 SU 2 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252PA UT WOS:000083509900012 ER PT J AU Helton, JC Anderson, DR AF Helton, JC Anderson, DR TI Performance assessment for radioactive waste disposal SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Decis & WIPP Performance Assessment Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Helton, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 19 IS 5 BP 759 EP 761 DI 10.1023/A:1007054208419 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 258EK UT WOS:000083825000001 ER PT J AU Rechard, RP AF Rechard, RP TI Historical relationship between performance assessment for radioactive waste disposal and other types of risk assessment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE risk assessment; probabilistic risk assessment; performance assessment; policy analysis; history of technology ID ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES; PUBLIC-POLICY; UNCERTAINTY; SCIENCE; PERSPECTIVE; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB This article describes the evolution of the process for assessing the hazards of a geologic disposal system for radioactive waste and, similarly, nuclear power reactors, and the relationship of this process with other assessments of risk, particularly assessments of hazards from manufactured carcinogenic chemicals during use and disposal. This perspective reviews the common history of scientific concepts for risk assessment developed until the 1950s. Computational tools and techniques developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s to analyze the reliability of nuclear weapon delivery systems were adopted in the early 1970s for probabilistic risk assessment of nuclear power reactors, a technology for which behavior was unknown. In turn, these analyses became an important foundation for performance assessment of nuclear waste disposal in the late 1970s. The evaluation of risk to human health and the environment from chemical hazards is built on methods for assessing the dose response of radionuclides in the 1950s. Despite a shared background, however, societal events, often in the form of legislation, have affected the development path for risk assessment for human health, producing dissimilarities between these risk assessments and those for nuclear facilities. An important difference is the regulator's interest in accounting for uncertainty. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Performance Assessement Dept 6849, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rechard, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Performance Assessement Dept 6849, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 168 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 19 IS 5 BP 763 EP 807 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00446.x PG 45 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 258EK UT WOS:000083825000002 PM 10765434 ER PT J AU Ewing, RC Tierney, MS Konikow, LF Rechard, RP AF Ewing, RC Tierney, MS Konikow, LF Rechard, RP TI Performance assessments of nuclear waste repositories: A dialogue on their value and limitations SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE compliance certification application; engineering analysis; geochemistry; geohydrology; performance assessment; probabilistic systems analysis; radioactive waste; scientific validity; uncertainty; 40 CFR 191 ID WHITE MOUNTAINS; GRANITIC-ROCKS; 10 PLUTONS; MODELS; CALIFORNIA; PREDICTION; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS; NEVADA; TALE AB Performance Assessment (PA) is the use of mathematical models to simulate the long-term behavior of engineered and geologic barriers in a nuclear waste repository; methods of uncertainty analysis are used to assess effects of parametric and conceptual uncertainties associated with the model system upon the uncertainty in outcomes of the simulation. PA is required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of its certification process for geologic repositories for nuclear waste. This paper is a dialogue to explore the value and limitations of PA. Two "skeptics" acknowledge the utility of PA in organizing the scientific investigations that are necessary for confident siting and licensing of a repository; however, they maintain that the PA process, at least as it is currently implemented, is an essentially unscientific process with shortcomings that may provide results of limited use in evaluating actual effects on public health and safety. Conceptual uncertainties in a PA analysis can be so great that results can be confidently applied only over short time ranges, the antithesis of the purpose behind long-term, geologic disposal. Two "proponents" of PA agree that performance assessment is unscientific, but only in the sense that PA is an engineering analysis that uses existing scientific knowledge to support public policy decisions, rather than an investigation intended to increase fundamental knowledge of nature; PA has different goals and constraints than a typical scientific study. The "proponents" describe an ideal, six-step process for conducting generalized PA, here called probabilistic systems analysis (PSA); they note that virtually all scientific content of a PA is introduced during the model-building steps of a PSA; they contend that a PA based on simple but scientifically acceptable mathematical models can provide useful and objective input to regulatory decision makers. The value of the results of any PA must lie between these two views and will depend on the level of knowledge of the site, the degree to which models capture actual physical and chemical processes, the time over which extrapolations are made, and the proper evaluation of health risks attending implementation of the repository. The challenge is in evaluating whether the quality of the PA matches the needs of decision makers charged with protecting the health and safety of the public. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Ewing, RC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 96 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 19 IS 5 BP 933 EP 958 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00452.x PG 26 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 258EK UT WOS:000083825000008 PM 10765440 ER PT J AU Helton, JC Anderson, DR Jow, HN Marietta, MG Basabilvazo, G AF Helton, JC Anderson, DR Jow, HN Marietta, MG Basabilvazo, G TI Performance assessment in support of the 1996 compliance certification application for the waste isolation pilot plant SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE aleatory uncertainty; compliance certification application; epistemic uncertainty; Latin hypercube sampling; performance assessment; radioactive waste; stochastic uncertainty; subjective uncertainty; transuranic waste; Waste Isolation Pilot Plant; 40 CFR 191; 40 CFR 194 ID CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES; EPA RELEASE LIMITS; SUBJECTIVE UNCERTAINTY; RISK ASSESSMENTS; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; DISPOSAL; EXPOSURE; MODELS AB The conceptual and computational structure of a performance assessment (PA) for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is described. Important parts of this structure are (1) maintenance of a separation between stochastic (i.e., aleatory) and subjective (i.e., epistemic) uncertainty, with stochastic uncertainty arising from the many possible disruptions that could occur over the 10,000-year regulatory period that applies to the WIPP, and subjective uncertainty arising from the imprecision with which many of the quantities required in the analysis are known, (2) use of Latin hypercube sampling to incorporate the effects of subjective uncertainty, (3) use of Monte Carlo (i.e., random) sampling to incorporate the effects of stochastic uncertainty, and (4) efficient use of the necessarily limited number of mechanistic calculations that can be performed to support the analysis. The WIPP is under development by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the geologic (i.e., deep underground) disposal of transuranic (TRU) waste, with the indicated PA supporting a Compliance Certification Application (CCA) by the DOE to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in October 1996 for the necessary certifications for the WIPP to begin operation. The EPA certified the WIPP for the disposal of TRU waste in May 1998, with the result that the WIPP will be the first operational facility in the United States for the geologic disposal of radioactive waste. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US Dept Energy, Carlsbad, NM 88221 USA. RP Helton, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 88 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 19 IS 5 BP 959 EP 986 DI 10.1023/A:1007022712054 PG 28 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 258EK UT WOS:000083825000009 PM 10765441 ER PT J AU Benedetti, LR Nguyen, JH Caldwell, WA Liu, HJ Kruger, M Jeanloz, R AF Benedetti, LR Nguyen, JH Caldwell, WA Liu, HJ Kruger, M Jeanloz, R TI Dissociation of CH4 at high pressures and temperatures: Diamond formation in giant planet interiors? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; METHANE; URANUS; HYDROCARBONS; NEPTUNE; FILMS; MBAR; GPA AB Experiments using Laser-heated diamond anvil cells show that methane (CH4) breaks down to form diamond at pressures between 10 and 50 gigapascals and temperatures of about 2000 to 3000 kelvin. Infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy, along with x-ray diffraction, indicate the presence of polymeric hydrocarbons in addition to the diamond, which is in agreement with theoretical predictions, Dissociation of CH4 at high pressures and temperatures can influence the energy budgets of planets containing substantial amounts of CH4, water, and ammonia, such as Uranus and Neptune. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geol & Geophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, Div H, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Benedetti, LR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 7 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 286 IS 5437 BP 100 EP 102 DI 10.1126/science.286.5437.100 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 241WT UT WOS:000082907400042 PM 10506552 ER PT J AU Brewer, LR Corzett, M Balhorn, R AF Brewer, LR Corzett, M Balhorn, R TI Protamine-induced condensation and decondensation of the same DNA molecule SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOPHAGE HEADS; BINDING; MICROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; COLLAPSE; PACKING; PROTEIN; POLYMER; SPERM AB The DNA sperm and certain viruses is condensed by arginine-rich proteins into toroidal subunits, a form of packaging that inactivates their entire genome. Individual DNA molecules were manipulated with an optical trap to examine the kinetics of torus formation induced by the binding of protamine and a subset of its DNA binding domain, Arg(6). Condensation and decondensation experiments with lambda-phage DNA show that toroid formation and stability are influenced by the number of arginine-rich anchoring domains in protamine. The results explain why protamines contain so much arginine and suggest that these proteins must be actively removed from sperm chromatin after fertilization. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brewer, LR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Brewer, Laurence/G-4056-2012 NR 23 TC 148 Z9 151 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 286 IS 5437 BP 120 EP 123 DI 10.1126/science.286.5437.120 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 241WT UT WOS:000082907400049 PM 10506559 ER PT J AU Stevens, FJ Argon, Y AF Stevens, FJ Argon, Y TI Protein folding in the ER SO SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE chaperones; ER quality control; cooperativity; thermodynamics ID DISULFIDE BOND FORMATION; MALTOSE-BINDING PROTEIN; VIRUS-G PROTEIN; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM PROTEINS; GLUCOSE-REGULATED PROTEINS; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE BIP; MOLTEN GLOBULE STATE; FK506-BINDING PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INFLUENZA-VIRUS AB The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major protein folding compartment for secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins. Each of these newly-synthesized polypeptides folds in a deterministic process, affected Ey the unique conditions that exist in the ER. An understanding of protein folding in the ER is a fundamental biomolecular challenge at two levels. The first level addresses how the amino acid sequence programs that polypeptide to efficiently arrive at a particular fold Out Of a multitude of alternatives, and how different sequences obtain similar folds. At the second level are the issues introduced by folding not in the cytosol, but in the ER, including the risk of aggregation in a molecularly crowded environment, accommodation of post-translational modifications and the compatibility with subsequent intracellular trafficking. This review discusses both the physicochemical and cell biological constraints of folding, which are the challenges that the ER molecular chaperones help overcome. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Stevens, FJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 30178]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 43757] NR 106 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1084-9521 J9 SEMIN CELL DEV BIOL JI Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 10 IS 5 BP 443 EP 454 DI 10.1006/scdb.1999.0315 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 256PE UT WOS:000083733400002 PM 10597627 ER PT J AU Nellis, WJ Weir, ST Mitchell, AC AF Nellis, WJ Weir, ST Mitchell, AC TI Metallization of fluid hydrogen at 140 GPa (1.4 Mbar) by shock compression SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE metallic state of hydrogen; shock compression ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MEGABAR PRESSURES; EQUATION; STATE AB Shock compression was used to produce the first observation of a metallic state of condensed hydrogen. The conditions of metallization are a pressure of 140 GPa (1.4 Mbar), 0.6 g/cm(3) (ninefold compression of initial liquid-Ha density), and 3000 EC. The relatively modest temperature generated by a reverberating shock wave produced the metallic state in a warm fluid at a lower pressure than expected previously for the crystallographically ordered solid at low temperatures. The relatively large sample diameter of 25 mm permitted measurement of electrical conductivity. The experimental technique and data analysis are described. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-1287 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD OCT PY 1999 VL 9 IS 5 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s001930050189 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 252MP UT WOS:000083505500002 ER PT J AU Gao, W Lee, SH Bullock, J Xu, Y Benson, DK Morrison, S Branz, HM AF Gao, W Lee, SH Bullock, J Xu, Y Benson, DK Morrison, S Branz, HM TI First a-SiC : H photovoltaic-powered monolithic tandem electrochromic smart window device SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE photovoltaic; electrochromic window; amorphous silicon carbide ID ALLOYS; FILMS; DESIGN; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE AB We report on the first monolithic, amorphous-silicon-based, photovoltaic-powered electrochromic window coating. The coating employs a wide band gap a-Si1-xCx:H n-i-p photovoltaic (PV) cell as a semitransparent power supply, and an LiyWO3/LiAlF4/V2O5 electrochromic (EC) device as an optical-transmittance modulator. The EC device is deposited directly on top of a PV device that coats a glass substrate. The a-Si1-xCx:H PV cell has a Tauc gap of 2.2 eV and a transmittance of 80% over a large portion of the visible light spectrum. We reduced the thickness of the device to about 600 Angstrom while maintaining a 1-sun open-circuit voltage of 0.9 V and short-circuit current of 2 mA/cm(2). By employing the LiAlF4 as the Li+ ion electrolyte, the parasitic electronic current through the device has been significantly reduced (< 10 mu A/cm(2) under 1 V bleaching voltage). By properly controlling y and the thickness of each layer, the coloration and bleaching voltage of the EC device could be adjusted within the range of - 0.6 to - 1.3 V (coloring) and 0.1-0.6 V (bleaching) for compatibility with the underlying PV cell. Our prototype 16 cm(2) PV/EC device modulates the transmittance by more than 60% over a large portion of the visible spectrum. Its color is pale yellow at bleached state and dark blue at colored state. The coloring and bleaching times of the electrochromic device are approximately 2 min under normal operating conditions ( +/- 1 V). The device is hermetically sealed for a long lifetime. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. MVsyst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD OCT PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 243 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(99)00025-2 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 236CE UT WOS:000082580000008 ER PT J AU Rockett, A Granath, K Asher, S Al Jassim, MM Hasoon, F Matson, R Basol, B Kapur, V Britt, JS Gillespie, T Marshall, C AF Rockett, A Granath, K Asher, S Al Jassim, MM Hasoon, F Matson, R Basol, B Kapur, V Britt, JS Gillespie, T Marshall, C TI Na incorporation in Mo and CuInSe2 from production processes SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE CuInSe2; photovoltaics; Na; Mo AB Results of characterization of thin films of Mo deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on soda-lime glass (Mo/SLG) and CuInSe2 (CIS) on Mo/SLG are presented. The primary objective of the work was to clarify the factors determining the concentration of Na in commercial-grade CIS. Mo films were deposited by three laboratories manufacturing CIS thin film solar cells. Analysis was by secondary ion mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Changes in Mo deposition parameters in general affected the Na level but there was no obvious link to any single Mo deposition parameter. Oxygen content directly affected the Na level. The Na behavior was not obviously connected to film preferred orientation. Selenization of the Mo layers was also examined, Elemental Se vapor was found to produce significantly less selenization than H2Se. The amount of selenization was also strongly dependent upon Mo deposition conditions, although a specific source of the change in reaction rate was not found. Na distributions in the CIS deposited on the Mo were not limited by the diffusivity of the Na. The Na concentration in the CIS was increased by annealing the Mo films both with and without intentionally added Na. The Na level in the CIS appears to be set more by the CIS deposition process than by the Na concentration in the Mo so long as the Mo contains sufficient Na to saturate the available sites in the CIS. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. ISET Inc, Inglewood, CA 90301 USA. Energy Photocoltiacs Inc, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lockheed Martin Astronaut, Denver, CO 80201 USA. Univ Uppsala, Angstrom Solar Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Rockett, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Engn, 1-107 ESB,1101 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Rockett, Angus/A-3218-2008; Rockett, Angus/B-5539-2013 OI Rockett, Angus/0000-0001-9759-8421 NR 9 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD OCT PY 1999 VL 59 IS 3 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(99)00026-4 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 236CE UT WOS:000082580000009 ER PT J AU Huang, B Corbett, JD AF Huang, B Corbett, JD TI Synthesis and structure of the Zintl compounds Na(2)BaTt(4) (Tt = Si, Ge) SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHASES; HYDROGEN; STABILIZATION; IMPURITIES; A=CA; YB AB The isotypic tide compounds are obtained from reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements in welded Ta containers at 700 - 800 degrees C. The structure of Na2BaSi4 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (orthorhombic, Ima2 (No. 46), Z = 8, a = 9.524, b = 17.980(3), c = 8.570(3) Angstrom). The compound crystallizes in a novel structure type with Na+ and Ba2+ cations and two crystallographically-independent isolated Si-4(4-) anions The anions are nearly regular tetrahedra with bond distances of 2.385(3) to 2.448(4) Angstrom and bond angles between 59.2 and 61.7 degrees, The overall structure may be described as a distorted face-centered-cubic array of Si-4(4-) anions in which Na+ and Ba2+ atoms occupy all tetrahedral and octahedral holes in an ordered way. The result is closely related to the topology of f.c.c. Li,Bi type but with ordering of the two cations. Magnetic measurements showed that Na2BaSi4 is diamagnetic, and its family can be formulated in terms of oxidation states as Zintl phases (Na+)(2)Ba2+(Tt(4)(4-)). C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1293-2558 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD OCT-NOV PY 1999 VL 1 IS 7-8 BP 555 EP 565 DI 10.1016/S1293-2558(00)80107-7 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 271MM UT WOS:000084597800010 ER EF