FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Forester, JA Bley, DC Cooper, SE Kolaczkowski, AM Thompson, C Ramey-Smith, A Wreathall, J AF Forester, JA Bley, DC Cooper, SE Kolaczkowski, AM Thompson, C Ramey-Smith, A Wreathall, J BE Kondo, S Furuta, K TI A description of the revised ATHEANA (A technique for human event analysis) SO PSAM 5: PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOLS 1-4 SE FRONTIERS SCIENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Architectural Inst Japan, Atom Energy Soc Japan AB This paper describes the most recent version of a human reliability analysis (HRA) method called "A Technique for Human Event Analysis" (ATHEANA). The new version is documented in NUREG-1624. Rev. 1 [1] and reflects improvements to the method based on comments received from a peer review that was held in 1998 (see [2] for a detailed discussion of the peer review comments) and on the results of an initial trial application of the method conducted at a nuclear power plant in 1997(sce Appendix A in [3]). A summary of the more important recommendations resulting from the peer review and trial application is provided and critical and unique aspects of the revised method are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Forester, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSAL ACADEMY PRESS, INC PI TOKYO PA C P O BOX 235, TOKYO, 100-8691, JAPAN SN 0915-8502 BN 4-946443-64-9 J9 FRONT SCI SERIES PY 2000 IS 34 BP 1523 EP 1528 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT17N UT WOS:000172150100198 ER PT S AU Duran, FA Camp, AL Apostolakis, GE Golay, MW AF Duran, FA Camp, AL Apostolakis, GE Golay, MW BE Kondo, S Furuta, K TI A framework for regulatory requirements and industry standards for new nuclear power plants SO PSAM 5: PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOLS 1-4 SE FRONTIERS SCIENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Architectural Inst Japan, Atom Energy Soc Japan AB This paper summarizes the development of a framework for risk-based regulation and design for new nuclear power plants. Probabilistic risk assessment methods and a rationalist approach to defense in depth axe used to develop a framework that can be applied to identify systematically the regulations and standards required to maintain the desired level of safety and reliability. By implementing such a framework, it is expected that the resulting body of requirements will provide a regulatory environment that will ensure protection of the public, will eliminate the burden of requirements that do not contribute significantly to safety, and thereby will improve the market competitiveness of new plants. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Duran, FA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0747, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSAL ACADEMY PRESS, INC PI TOKYO PA C P O BOX 235, TOKYO, 100-8691, JAPAN SN 0915-8502 BN 4-946443-64-9 J9 FRONT SCI SERIES PY 2000 IS 34 BP 2193 EP 2198 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT17N UT WOS:000172150100288 ER PT S AU Galyean, WJ McCabe, PH Siu, NO Woods, H Thornsbury, EA AF Galyean, WJ McCabe, PH Siu, NO Woods, H Thornsbury, EA BE Kondo, S Furuta, K TI Integrated probabilistic safety assessment of pressurized thermal shock for US pressurized water reactors SO PSAM 5: PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOLS 1-4 SE FRONTIERS SCIENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Architectural Inst Japan, Atom Energy Soc Japan AB A probabilistic analysis of pressurized thermal shock (PTS) risk is being performed to support a potential rule change. A review of PTS analyses performed in the mid-1980's and of overcooling events experienced in the U.S. identifies scenarios that need to be considered in the current analysis. PTS event trees have been developed for the first plant being analyzed. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Galyean, WJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSAL ACADEMY PRESS, INC PI TOKYO PA C P O BOX 235, TOKYO, 100-8691, JAPAN SN 0915-8502 BN 4-946443-64-9 J9 FRONT SCI SERIES PY 2000 IS 34 BP 2481 EP 2486 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT17N UT WOS:000172150100327 ER PT S AU Bari, RA AF Bari, RA BE Kondo, S Furuta, K TI Are risk measures suitably defined to manage risks that could lead to a large public impact? SO PSAM 5: PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOLS 1-4 SE FRONTIERS SCIENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Architectural Inst Japan, Atom Energy Soc Japan AB In this paper, and to a certain extent in the other papers in this Session, risk measures are examined as they relate to the framework for performing risk management and to their implications for potential public impact. Options are presented for setting risk measures and for structuring risk management programs that address the extreme events and also the less extreme, more likely events that could nevertheless have large public impact. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bari, RA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 475B POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSAL ACADEMY PRESS, INC PI TOKYO PA C P O BOX 235, TOKYO, 100-8691, JAPAN SN 0915-8502 BN 4-946443-64-9 J9 FRONT SCI SERIES PY 2000 IS 34 BP 2617 EP 2622 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BT17N UT WOS:000172150100346 ER PT J AU Schneider, DP Hill, GJ Fan, X Ramsey, LW MacQueen, PJ Weedman, DW Booth, JA Eracleous, M Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Adams, MT Bastian, S Bender, R Berman, E Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Federwitz, G Gurbani, V Hennessy, GS Hill, GM Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lindenmeyer, C Mantsch, P Nance, C Nash, T Pier, JR Rechenmacher, R Rhoads, B Rivetta, CH Robinson, EL Roman, B Sergey, G Shetrone, M Stoughton, C Strauss, MA Szokoly, GP Tucker, DL Wesley, G Willick, J Worthington, P York, DG AF Schneider, DP Hill, GJ Fan, X Ramsey, LW MacQueen, PJ Weedman, DW Booth, JA Eracleous, M Gunn, JE Lupton, RH Adams, MT Bastian, S Bender, R Berman, E Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Federwitz, G Gurbani, V Hennessy, GS Hill, GM Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lindenmeyer, C Mantsch, P Nance, C Nash, T Pier, JR Rechenmacher, R Rhoads, B Rivetta, CH Robinson, EL Roman, B Sergey, G Shetrone, M Stoughton, C Strauss, MA Szokoly, GP Tucker, DL Wesley, G Willick, J Worthington, P York, DG TI The Low-Resolution Spectrograph of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. II. Observations of quasar candidates from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB This paper describes spectra of quasar candidates acquired during the commissioning phase of the Low-Resolution Spectrograph of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The objects were identified as possible quasars from multicolor image data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The 10 sources had typical r' magnitudes of 19-20, except for one extremely red object with r' approximate to 23. The data, obtained with exposure times between 10 and 25 minutes, reveal that the spectra of four candidates are essentially featureless and are not quasars, live are quasars with redshifts between 2.92 and 4.15 (including one broad absorption line quasar), and the red source is a very late M star or early L dwarf. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. Apache Point OBserv, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Comples Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Schneider, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dps@astro.psu.edu RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 112 IS 767 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279TP UT WOS:000085061500003 ER PT J AU Alivisatos, P AF Alivisatos, P TI Colloidal quantum dots. From scaling laws to biological applications SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IUPAC Workshop on Advanced Material (WAM1) CY JUL 14-18, 1999 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IUPAC ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; DNA; MOLECULES; CLUSTERS AB Over a twenty-year period, condensed matter physicists and physical chemists have elucidated a series of scaling laws which successfully describe the size dependence of solid state properties [1,2]. Often the experiments were performed under somewhat exotic conditions, for instance on mass-selected clusters isolated in molecular beams or on quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy and interrogated at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields. As a result, we now have an understanding of how thermodynamic, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties evolve from the atomic to the solid state limit. This area of research is presently undergoing a remarkable transformation. The scaling laws, previously the direct subject of research, now provide a tool for the design of advanced new materials. In the case of colloidal quantum dots, or semiconductor nanocrystals, these new insights are poised to have impact in disciplines remote from solid state physics [3]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 21 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 17 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 72 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1351/pac200072010003 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 328DG UT WOS:000087833100003 ER PT J AU Jiang, L Wang, R Yang, B Li, TJ Tryk, DA Fujishima, A Hashimoto, K Zhu, DB AF Jiang, L Wang, R Yang, B Li, TJ Tryk, DA Fujishima, A Hashimoto, K Zhu, DB TI Binary cooperative complementary nanoscale interfacial materials SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IUPAC Workshop on Advanced Material (WAM1) CY JUL 14-18, 1999 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IUPAC ID SURFACES AB Binary cooperative complementary nanoscale interfacial materials, i.e, materials with two complementary properties on the nanoscale, are introduced as a new concept for the design of functional materials. The concept is based on the generation of nanostructures with mutually compensating properties on the surface of a solid. Under certain coordinating conditions, unexpected properties may often appear at these kinds of interfaces, creating a huge potential for applications and theoretical research. Recent research indicates that the binary cooperative complementary concept is extremely useful for the design and creation of nanoscale functional materials. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Mol Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jilin Univ, Dept Chem, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 1138586, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. RP Jiang, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Mol Sci Res Ctr, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RI jiang, lei/E-8437-2010; Yang, Bai/F-6483-2012; Fujishima, Akira/G-7701-2012; Tryk, Donald/D-5931-2012; Jiang, Lei/B-1066-2011; Hashimoto, Kazuhito/C-5011-2012 OI Tryk, Donald/0000-0003-4660-9674; Hashimoto, Kazuhito/0000-0002-8384-8749 NR 12 TC 109 Z9 157 U1 12 U2 59 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 72 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1351/pac200072010073 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 328DG UT WOS:000087833100010 ER PT J AU Liu, J Fryxell, GE Qian, MX Wang, LQ Wang, Y AF Liu, J Fryxell, GE Qian, MX Wang, LQ Wang, Y TI Interfacial chemistry in self-assembled nanoscale materials with structural ordering SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IUPAC Workshop on Advanced Material (WAM1) CY JUL 14-18, 1999 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IUPAC ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; TEMPLATING ROUTE; DEPENDENCE; DESIGN; TRAPS AB This paper discusses the interfacial chemistry encountered in the self-assembly of ordered nanoscale materials based on surfactant Liquid crystalline structures. The paper contains three sections. The first section gives a brief introduction to the interfacial chemistry in the co-assembly of surfactants and inorganic materials. The second section discusses the formation of inorganic-inorganic nanocomposites, the properties of such materials, and the interfacial atomic structures. The last section discusses hybrid nanoscale materials with functional monolayers, their interfacial chemistry, and their potential applications. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 72 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1351/pac200072010269 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 328DG UT WOS:000087833100029 ER PT B AU Ma, RM Yasumura, S Dilmanian, FA AF Ma, RM Yasumura, S Dilmanian, FA BE Pierson, RN TI In vivo neutron activation at the Brookhaven National Laboratory SO QUALITY OF THE BODY CELL MASS: BODY COMPOSITION IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM SE SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Quality of the Body Cell Mass CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Serono Symposia USA ID BODY NITROGEN; CALIBRATION; FACILITY; CAPTURE; INVIVO; MASS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ma, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95120-2 J9 SERONO SYMP PY 2000 BP 130 EP 134 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BR74L UT WOS:000167395700012 ER PT B AU Vaswani, AN AF Vaswani, AN BE Pierson, RN TI Body composition techniques for the study of osteoporosis SO QUALITY OF THE BODY CELL MASS: BODY COMPOSITION IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM SE SERONO SYMPOSIA, USA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Quality of the Body Cell Mass CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Serono Symposia USA ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; CYCLICAL ETIDRONATE THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; SALMON-CALCITONIN; HIGH-INTENSITY; RISK-FACTORS; FAT MASS; FRACTURES C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vaswani, AN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95120-2 J9 SERONO SYMP PY 2000 BP 262 EP 269 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BR74L UT WOS:000167395700025 ER PT B AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, P BE Kumar, P DAriano, GM Hirota, O TI Quantum robots plus environments SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, COMPUTING, AND MEASUREMENT 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement, and Computing CY AUG 22-27, 1998 CL NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL SP Tamagawa Univ, NW Univ, Natl Secur Agcy, USN Off Res HO NORTHWESTERN UNIV ID COMPUTATION AB A quantum robot is a mobile quantum system, including an on board quantum computer and needed ancillary systems, that interacts with an arbitrary environment of quantum systems. Quantum robots carry out tasks whose goals include carrying out measurements or physical experiments on the environment. A dynamical model of quantum robots and their interactions is discussed in which each task, as a sequence of alternating computation and action phases,is described by a unitary single time step operator Gamma = Gamma (a) + Gamma (c) (discrete space and time are assumed). The overall system dynamics is described as a sum over paths of completed computation (Gamma (c)) and action (Gamma (a)) phases. A simple example of a task, measuring the distance between the quantum robot and a particle on a 1D lattice with quantum phase path dispersion present, is analyzed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46307-5 PY 2000 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR21Y UT WOS:000165892200001 ER PT B AU Gulley, MS Gomez, JJ Holzscheiter, MH James, DFV Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Peterson, CG Sandberg, V Schauer, MM Simmons, C Tupa, D Wang, P White, AG Hughes, RJ AF Gulley, MS Gomez, JJ Holzscheiter, MH James, DFV Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Peterson, CG Sandberg, V Schauer, MM Simmons, C Tupa, D Wang, P White, AG Hughes, RJ BE Kumar, P DAriano, GM Hirota, O TI Progress towards using a calcium ion trap to perform quantum logic operations SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, COMPUTING, AND MEASUREMENT 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement, and Computing CY AUG 22-27, 1998 CL NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL SP Tamagawa Univ, NW Univ, Natl Secur Agcy, USN Off Res HO NORTHWESTERN UNIV ID DECOHERENCE BOUNDS; COMPUTATION; COMPUTERS AB We briefly review the development and theory of an experiment to investigate quantum computation with trapped calcium ions. The ion trap, laser and ion requirements are determined, and the parameters required for simple quantum logic operations are described. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gulley, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46307-5 PY 2000 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR21Y UT WOS:000165892200037 ER PT B AU James, DFV Schneider, S Milburn, GJ AF James, DFV Schneider, S Milburn, GJ BE Kumar, P DAriano, GM Hirota, O TI Quantum computation with "hot" trapped ions SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, COMPUTING, AND MEASUREMENT 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement, and Computing CY AUG 22-27, 1998 CL NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL SP Tamagawa Univ, NW Univ, Natl Secur Agcy, USN Off Res HO NORTHWESTERN UNIV ID DECOHERENCE AB We describe two methods that have been proposed to circumvent the problem of heating by external electromagnetic fields in ion trap quantum computers. Firstly the higher order modes of ion oscillation (i. e. modes other than the center-of-mass mode) have much slower heating rates, and can therefore be employed as a reliable quantum information bus. Secondly we discuss a recently proposed method combining adiabatic passage and a number-state dependent phase shift which allows quantum gates to be performed using the center-of-mass mode as the information bus, regardless of its initial state. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP James, DFV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46307-5 PY 2000 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR21Y UT WOS:000165892200038 ER PT B AU Kwiat, P Mitchell, J Schwindt, P White, A AF Kwiat, P Mitchell, J Schwindt, P White, A BE Kumar, P DAriano, GM Hirota, O TI Optical implementation of Grover's algorithm: It's all done with mirrors SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, COMPUTING, AND MEASUREMENT 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement, and Computing CY AUG 22-27, 1998 CL NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL SP Tamagawa Univ, NW Univ, Natl Secur Agcy, USN Off Res HO NORTHWESTERN UNIV ID EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; QUANTUM; INTERFEROMETER AB The essential operations of a quantum computer can all be accomplished using only standard linear optical elements (e.g., beamsplitters, waveplates, polarizers, etc.), with the individual bits represented by different spatial or polarization degrees of freedom. The difference from a genuine quantum computer with distinct entangleable registers is that the optical implementation requires a number of elements which grows exponentially with the number of bits. However, by "compiling" the code, and making multiple use of redundant components, the required number of elements can be substantially reduced, allowing the realization of quantum algorithms involving several bits. Here we present a simple optical implementation of Grover's algorithm for efficiently searching a database. In our example a database of four elements is searched with a single query, in contrast to the classical expected value of 2.25 queries. It is seen that the "quantum" computer in this case is no more than an interferometer, albeit a complicated one. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kwiat, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, P-23,MS-H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46307-5 PY 2000 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR21Y UT WOS:000165892200041 ER PT B AU Hughes, RJ Buttler, WT Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Morgan, GL Nordholt, JE Peterson, CG AF Hughes, RJ Buttler, WT Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Morgan, GL Nordholt, JE Peterson, CG BE Kumar, P DAriano, GM Hirota, O TI Free-space quantum cryptography SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, COMPUTING, AND MEASUREMENT 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement, and Computing CY AUG 22-27, 1998 CL NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL SP Tamagawa Univ, NW Univ, Natl Secur Agcy, USN Off Res HO NORTHWESTERN UNIV ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL-FIBER; LONG AB An experimental free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system has been tested over an outdoor optical path of similar to 1 km under nighttime conditions at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This system employs the Bennett 92 protocol; here we give a brief overview of this protocol, and describe our experimental implementation of it. An analysis of the system efficiency is presented, as well as a description of our error detection protocol, which employs a two-dimensional parity check scheme. Finally, the susceptibility of this system to eavesdropping by various techniques is determined. Possible applications include the rekeying of satellites in low earth orbit. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46307-5 PY 2000 BP 367 EP 374 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR21Y UT WOS:000165892200049 ER PT S AU James, DFV AF James, DFV BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR TI Quantum computation with trapped ions and the "heating problem" SO QUANTUM COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Computing CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE photonic quantum computing; trapped ions; quantum information ID STATE; ENTANGLEMENT; DECOHERENCE; MOTION AB We present a brief review of the current state of the art of quantum computation with trapped ions, with particular emphasis on the problems caused by "heating" of the ions' motional degrees of freedom. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP James, DFV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3673-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4047 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.391955 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ79D UT WOS:000089527000007 ER PT B AU Lebed, RF AF Lebed, RF BE Isgur, N TI Explicit quark-hadron duality in 1+1 dimensions SO QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM III SE PROCEEDINGS FROM THE INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum III CY JUN 07-12, 1998 CL NEWSPORT NEWS, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Hampton Univ, Inst Nucl Theory ID RESONANCE PHYSICS; FORM-FACTORS; QCD AB Explicit quark-hadron duality in the limit of heavy quark mass is studied using the 't Hooft model, where both partonic and hadronic amplitudes may be computed exactly. Results for weak decays of heavy mesons are presented for both standard spectator decays, where the duality limit is convincingly approached, and annihilation decays of the valence quark-antiquark pair, where the approach to asymptotic duality is much less precise. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Lebed, RF (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4236-0 J9 PROC INST NUCL THEOR PY 2000 VL 8 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR59L UT WOS:000166895700016 ER PT B AU Weygand, DP AF Weygand, DP BE Isgur, N TI An experimental review of exotic mesons SO QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM III SE PROCEEDINGS FROM THE INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum III CY JUN 07-12, 1998 CL NEWSPORT NEWS, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Hampton Univ, Inst Nucl Theory ID HYBRID MESONS; 18 GEV/C; QCD; SYSTEM; RULES; MODEL AB Recently there have been exciting new results in the search for exotic hadrons. In this note the current state of the search for J(PC) = 1(-+) mesons, i.e., mesons with explicitly exotic quantum numbers, is reviewed. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Weygand, DP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4236-0 J9 PROC INST NUCL THEOR PY 2000 VL 8 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR59L UT WOS:000166895700041 ER PT B AU Page, PR AF Page, PR BE Isgur, N TI (Hybrid) baryons: Quantum numbers and adiabatic potentials SO QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM III SE PROCEEDINGS FROM THE INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum III CY JUN 07-12, 1998 CL NEWSPORT NEWS, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Hampton Univ, Inst Nucl Theory AB We construct (hybrid) baryons in the flux-tube model of Isgur and Paton. In the limit of adiabatic quark motion, we build proper eigenstates of orbital angular momentum and indicate the flavour, spin, chirality and J(P) of (hybrid) baryons. The adiabatic potential is calculated as a function of the quark positions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4236-0 J9 PROC INST NUCL THEOR PY 2000 VL 8 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR59L UT WOS:000166895700042 ER PT J AU deMenocal, P Ortiz, J Guilderson, T Adkins, J Sarnthein, M Baker, L Yarusinsky, M AF deMenocal, P Ortiz, J Guilderson, T Adkins, J Sarnthein, M Baker, L Yarusinsky, M TI Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st PAGES Open Science Meeting CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO UNIV LONDON ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MIDDLE HOLOCENE; LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; OCEAN CIRCULATION; LAST DEGLACIATION; GLACIAL MAXIMUM; LATE QUATERNARY; TRADE WINDS AB A detailed (ca. 100 yr resolution) and well-dated (18 AMS (14)C dates to 23 cal. ka BP) record of latest Pleistocene-Holocene variations in terrigenous (eolian) sediment deposition at ODP Site 658C off Cap Blanc, Mauritania documents very abrupt, large-scale changes in subtropical North African climate. The terrigenous record exhibits a well-defined period of low influx between 14.8 and 5.5 cal. ka BP associated with the African Humid Period, when the Sahara was nearly completely vegetated and supported numerous perennial lakes; an arid interval corresponding to the Younger Dryas Chronozone punctuates this humid period. The African Humid Period has been attributed to a strengthening of the African monsoon due to gradual orbital increases in summer season insolation. However, the onset and termination of this humid period were very abrupt, occurring within decades to centuries. Both transitions occurred when summer season insolation crossed a nearly identical threshold value, which was 4.2% greater than present. These abrupt climate responses to gradual insolation forcing require strongly non-linear feedback processes, and current coupled climate model studies invoke vegetation and ocean temperature feedbacks as candidate mechanisms for the non-linear climate sensitivity. The African monsoon climate system is thus a low-latitude corollary to the bi-stable behavior of high-latitude deep ocean thermohaline circulation, which is similarly capable of rapid and large-amplitude climate transitions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissens Chafter, Kiel, Germany. RP deMenocal, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Geosci 211, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM peter@ldeo.columbia.edu RI demenocal, peter/B-1386-2013; Ortiz, Joseph/E-1144-2011 OI demenocal, peter/0000-0002-7191-717X; Ortiz, Joseph/0000-0002-6583-3850 NR 94 TC 705 Z9 732 U1 17 U2 144 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1-5 BP 347 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00081-5 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 268PV UT WOS:000084425500022 ER PT S AU Doerry, A AF Doerry, A BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Bandwidth requirements for fine resolution squinted SAR SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology V CY APR 27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE SAR; radar; bandwidth; squint; motion compensation AB The conventional rule-of-thumb for Synthetic Aperture Radar is that an RF bandwidth of c/(2 rho(r)) is required to image a scene at the desired slant-range resolution rho(r), and perhaps a little more to account for window functions and sidelobe control. This formulation is based on the notion that the total bandwidth required is the same bandwidth that is required for a single pulse. What is neglected is that efficient processing of an entire synthetic aperture of pulses will often require different frequency content for each of the different pulses that make up a synthetic aperture. Consequently, the total RF bandwidth required of a Synthetic Aperture Radar may then be substantially wider than the bandwidth of any single pulse. The actual RF bandwidth required depends strongly on flight geometry, owing to the desire for a radar to maintain a constant projection of the Fourier space collection surface onto the omega(y) axis. Long apertures required for fine azimuth resolution, and severe squint angles with sleep depression angles may require total RF bandwidths well beyond the minimum bandwidth required of any single transmitted pulse, perhaps even by a factor of two or more. Accounting for this is crucial to designing efficient versatile high-performance imaging radars. This paper addresses how a data set conducive to efficient processing might increase the total RF bandwidth, and presents examples of how a fixed RF bandwidth might then limit SAR geometries. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doerry, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0529, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3659-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4033 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.391840 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQ75J UT WOS:000089403200001 ER PT J AU Trifunac, A AF Trifunac, A TI The future of radiation chemistry SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Trifunac, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 57 IS 1 BP 53 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(99)00307-2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 275RF UT WOS:000084833400006 ER PT J AU Shobe, J Klemic, G AF Shobe, J Klemic, G TI The US approach to environmental radiological monitoring SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Environmental Dosimetry CY NOV 22-24, 1999 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE AB Environmental monitoring is performed to assess the dose to the general public as a result of radiological activities. All source pathways must be considered when assessing the total effective dose to the public. Comparison programmes exist, but accreditation programmes are not yet in place for most environmental processes. Several bodies are working on the development of accreditation protocols. This could become a vital issue with the increase in the number of sites undergoing decontamination and decommissioning efforts. Pilot testing is complete, and an American National Standards Institute standard for the testing of environmental dosemeters, which could lead to an accreditation programme, will be submitted for approval. The various standards and programmes available in the United States at this time and the efforts to establish traceability for environmental-level radiation measurements are presented. Finally, a discussion on the US emergency preparedness for nuclear accidents is presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Shobe, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 92 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 361KU UT WOS:000089722900019 ER PT J AU Fry, RJM AF Fry, RJM TI Biological effects of space radiation SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Environmental Dosimetry CY NOV 22-24, 1999 CL AVIGNON, FRANCE AB Predictions of the biological and health effects of space radiation depend considerably on data obtained experimentally. There are not adequate data for the carcinogenic effects of protons, heavy ions or higher energy neutrons. Similarly, there are inadequacies in the data required for the assessment of the probability of the occurrence and severity of deterministic effects. Risk estimates are required for the design of spacecraft that ensure adequate shielding without increasing the weight of the spacecraft unnecessarily. Risk estimates are also required for a practical and acceptable radiation protection programme. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Fry, RJM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 92 IS 1-3 BP 199 EP 200 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 361KU UT WOS:000089722900032 ER PT J AU Cavallo, A AF Cavallo, A TI The radon equilibrium factor and comparative dosimetry in homes and mines SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION; EXPOSURE; PROGENY AB The equilibrium factor, a measure of the degree of radioactive equilibrium between radon and its short-lived radioactive decay products, is often assumed to be 0.4 for risk assessment. While this is usually a reasonable assumption, there are important exceptions, in particular, in active mines where ventilation rates are high, the equilibrium factor can be much less than 0.4. In such cases, if lung dose rate is computed based on measured activity size distributions and normalised to radon concentrations, comparisons to lung dose rate in other environments must take into account possible differences in the equilibrium factor. In the comparative dosimetry section of the BEIR VI Report, this critical step was omitted. Thus, the ratio of home lung dose rate to diesel miner lung dose rate is actually 0.44, not 1 as stated in the Report. This oversight may have major public policy implications. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Cavallo, A (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, 201 Varick St,5th Floor, New York, NY 10014 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 92 IS 4 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 364EY UT WOS:000089880100005 ER PT J AU Goossens, LHJ Harper, FT Kraan, BCP Metivier, H AF Goossens, LHJ Harper, FT Kraan, BCP Metivier, H TI Expert judgement for a probabilistic accident consequence uncertainty analysis SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Expert Judgement and Accident Consequence Uncertainty Analysis CY JUN 21-24, 1999 CL ALPHEN RIJN, NETHERLANDS SP Delf Univ Technol, European Commiss, DGs XI & XII, Forsch Zentrum Karlsruhe, Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Protect Surete Nucleaire C1 Delft Univ Technol, NL-2628 BX Delft, Netherlands. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Inst Protect & Secur Nucl, F-92265 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. RP Goossens, LHJ (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Jaffalaan 5, NL-2628 BX Delft, Netherlands. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 90 IS 3 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 351YA UT WOS:000089186600002 ER PT J AU McKay, M Meyer, M AF McKay, M Meyer, M TI Critique of and limitations on the use of expert judgements in accident consequence uncertainty analysis SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Expert Judgement and Accident Consequence Uncertainty Analysis CY JUN 21-24, 1999 CL ALPHEN RIJN, NETHERLANDS SP Delf Univ Technol, European Commiss, DGs XI & XII, Forsch Zentrum Karlsruhe, Natl Radiol Protect Board, Inst Protect Surete Nucleaire ID MODELS AB Accident consequence models are designed primarily to be used in support of siting and licensing decisions. To use these models, the analyst inevitably requires some input from experts. Equally, to understand the implication of the models, the analyst needs to explore their sensitivity to the inputs and uncertainty analysis is a key tool in doing this. In this paper, the interplay between these two aspects of the use of accident consequence models is considered, paying particular attention to issues and limitations that require further research in the coming years. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McKay, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 90 IS 3 BP 325 EP 330 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 351YA UT WOS:000089186600006 ER PT J AU Littlefield, LG McFee, AF Sayer, AM O'Neill, JP Kleinerman, RA Maor, MH AF Littlefield, LG McFee, AF Sayer, AM O'Neill, JP Kleinerman, RA Maor, MH TI Induction and persistence of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed to neutrons in vitro or in vivo: Implications of findings in 'retrospective' biological dosimetry SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Fluorescence in Situ Hybridisation (Fish) Biological Dosimetry CY APR 30-MAY 01, 1999 CL SITGES, SPAIN SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Westlakes Res Inst, Nat Ctr Environm & Hlth (GSF), Radiat & Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Bundesamt Strahlenschutz (Bfs), IPSN, Univ Liege, Univ Leiden, Univ Basque Country ID ACCIDENTAL RADIATION EXPOSURE; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TRANSLOCATIONS; IRRADIATION; FREQUENCY; WORKERS; FISH AB The induction and persistence were evaluated of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes exposed in vitro to highly efficient 1 MeV monoenergetic neutrons and in patients who received fast neutrons as therapy for tumours. For the in vitro studies, lymphocytes were exposed to various doses of neutrons and cultured for one or 20 cell cycles. Aberrations were quantified in painted chromosome pairs 1, 2, or 4. These 1 MeV neutrons were highly efficient in inducing aberrations, and dicentrics as well as one-way and two-way translocations increased as a linear function of dose. About 30% of the aberrant metaphases displayed complex aberrations. After multiple inr vitro cell divisions, Virtually all asymmetrical aberrations had been eliminated from the cell population, and the frequency of one-way translocations was reduced dramatically. In contrast, most two-way translocations apparently survived through multiple cell divisions and still displayed excellent correlation with dose after 20 cell cycles. Classical methods were used to evaluate persistence of aberrations in patients who received fractionated neutron therapy to rumours located in many different sites. Neutron induced dicentrics and rings disappeared from the peripheral circulation within the first three years after exposure, while translocations persisted for more than 17 y. However, considerable variability in numbers of aberrations were observed between patients who had received similar 'average bone marrow doses'. Results of these studies are discussed in relation to the possible use of translocations as retrospective dosemeters in persons exposed to radiation many years ago. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Basic & Appl Res Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Vermont, Genet Lab, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Littlefield, LG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Basic & Appl Res Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Kleinerman, Ruth/0000-0001-7415-2478 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 88 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314CA UT WOS:000087035500009 ER PT J AU Lucas, JN Deng, W AF Lucas, JN Deng, W TI Views on issues in radiation biodosimetry based on chromosome translocations measured by FISH SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Fluorescence in Situ Hybridisation (Fish) Biological Dosimetry CY APR 30-MAY 01, 1999 CL SITGES, SPAIN SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Westlakes Res Inst, Nat Ctr Environm & Hlth (GSF), Radiat & Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Bundesamt Strahlenschutz (Bfs), IPSN, Univ Liege, Univ Leiden, Univ Basque Country ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; IONIZING-RADIATION; ACCIDENTAL INTAKE; TRITIATED-WATER; RHESUS-MONKEYS; GAMMA-RAYS; LIFE-SPAN AB A biomarker for retrospective biodosimetry for radiation exposure and human health risk assessment would be most useful if it employed an endpoint that is highly quantitative, is stable over time, and is relevant to human health risk. The frequency of chromosome translocations in individuals exposed to low to medium doses of whole-body radiation serves these goals. Recent advances in chromosome painting using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) facilitate fast and reliable measurement of chromosome translocations, a kind of DNA damage linked to both prior clastogenic exposure and to human health risk. Here, results from this laboratory on issues of FISH-based radiation biodosimetry are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sichuan Inst Radiat Hlth & Protect, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Sichuan Inst Occupat Hlth, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Lucas, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 88 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314CA UT WOS:000087035500011 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD AF Tucker, JD TI Evaluation of chromosome translocations by FISH for radiation biodosimetry: A view from one laboratory SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Fluorescence in Situ Hybridisation (Fish) Biological Dosimetry CY APR 30-MAY 01, 1999 CL SITGES, SPAIN SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, Westlakes Res Inst, Nat Ctr Environm & Hlth (GSF), Radiat & Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Bundesamt Strahlenschutz (Bfs), IPSN, Univ Liege, Univ Leiden, Univ Basque Country ID CLEANUP WORKERS; GAMMA-RADIATION; IN-VITRO; ABERRATIONS; EXPOSURE; LYMPHOCYTES; PERSISTENCE; FREQUENCY; DAMAGE; MICE AB The work from this laboratory on structural chromosome aberrations identified by painting and evaluated for biological dosimetry following exposure to ionising radiation is summarised. The topics discussed are chromosomes painted, aberration scoring methods, control frequencies of aberrations, aberration persistence, clones of abnormal cells, dose calibration, and other considerations in the use of translocations for biological dosimetry. Chromosome painting for translocation identification and enumeration is a valuable method for retrospective biological dosimetry providing the strengths and limitations of this approach are recognised. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-448, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 88 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 314CA UT WOS:000087035500012 ER PT J AU Arnish, JJ Groer, PG AF Arnish, JJ Groer, PG TI Bayesian estimation of dose rate effectiveness SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB A Bayesian statistical method was used to quantify the effectiveness of high dose rare Cs-137 gamma radiation at inducing fatal mammary tumours and increasing the overall mortality rate in BALB/c female mice. The Bayesian approach considers both the temporal and dose dependence of radiation carcinogenesis and total mortality. This paper provides the first direct estimation of dose rate effectiveness using Bayesian statistics. This statistical approach provides a quantitative description of the uncertainty of the factor characterising the dose rate in terms of a probability density function. The results show that a fixed dose from Cs-137 gamma radiation delivered at a high dose rate is more effective at inducing fatal mammary tumours and increasing the overall mortality rate in BALB/c female mice than the same dose delivered at a low dose rate. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Arnish, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 88 IS 4 BP 299 EP 305 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 346QC UT WOS:000088881700003 ER PT J AU Liu, JC AF Liu, JC TI Evaluation of a microdosimetric-based neutron instrument SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID EQUIVALENT AB The commercially available REM500 neutron survey meter is a microdosimetric instrument based on the use of a low-pressure tissue-equivalent proportional counter. The ability to measure proper microdosimetric spectra, as well as the dose equivalent response, of the REM500 was evaluated with five radioisotopic neutron sources ((238)pULi, (PuF)-Pu-238, (PuB)-Pu-238, (PuBe)-Pu-236 and Cf-252) and the monoenergetic 14 MeV neutrons. The response (counts.mSv(-1)) and sensitivity (counts per neutron) as a function of average neutron energy were determined. Based on the measured pulse height spectra, the frequency-mean and dose-mean lineal energy values, as well as the mean quality factors, were derived for all sources. The neutron dose equivalent determined using both the dose and mean quality factor measured by the REM500 agreed well with the neutron sources' reference values of ICRP 21 maximum dose equivalent. However, for the REM500 to measure proper lineal spectra in accelerator fields, the low sensitivity and inaccurate measurements for high energy neutrons are areas that may need improvement. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Liu, JC (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 48,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 88 IS 4 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 346QC UT WOS:000088881700007 ER PT J AU Stewart, RD McDonald, JC Otto, T Loesch, RM AF Stewart, RD McDonald, JC Otto, T Loesch, RM TI Fourth intercomparison of personal dosemeters used in US Department of Energy accelerator facilities SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB Personal neutron dosemeters from seven US Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories were mailed to the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) and irradiated using the well-characterised CERN reference radiation facility (CERF). Neutron dose equivalents determined using the DOE personal dosemeters have been compared to the reference dose equivalent as determined using a tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC). In the 0.5 to 5 mSv dose equivalent range, the comparison of results suggests that the neutron personal dosemeters in use at DOE facilities are capable of estimating dose equivalents for high energy neutrons to within a factor of at least 2 or 3. If a field-specific calibration factor is used to correct the dose equivalent responses, the agreement with the reference dose equivalent for these dosemeters can be improved to better than about 25 to 65%. Suggestions for future intercomparison studies and methods of improving personal dosimetry at accelerator facilities are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Stewart, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Stewart, Rob/A-2511-2009; Stewart, Robert/A-3609-2013 OI Stewart, Robert/0000-0001-5946-0595 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD, KENT, ENGLAND TN23 1YW SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 87 IS 2 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 281GX UT WOS:000085151100002 ER PT J AU Spruill, MD Nelson, DO Ramsey, MJ Nath, J Tucker, JD AF Spruill, MD Nelson, DO Ramsey, MJ Nath, J Tucker, JD TI Lifetime persistence and clonality of chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood of mice acutely exposed to ionizing radiation SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; X-IRRADIATION; CYTOGENETIC DAMAGE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; DNA LIBRARIES; INDUCED TRANSLOCATIONS; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; MOUSE; WHOLE AB As the measurement of chromosomal translocations increases in popularity for quantifying prior radiation exposure, information on the possible decline of these "stable" aberrations over time is urgently needed. We report here information about the persistence of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in vivo over the life span of a rodent. Female C57BL/6 mice were given a single whole-body acute exposure of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 Gy Cs-137 gamma rays at 8 weeks of age. Chromosome aberrations were analyzed from peripheral blood samples at various intervals between 1 day and 21 months after exposure. Aberrations were detected by painting chromosomes 2 and 8, Translocations decreased dramatically during the first 3 months after irradiation, beyond which time the frequencies remained relatively constant out to 1 year, when the effects of aging and clonal expansion became significant. Both reciprocal and nonreciprocal translocations increased with age in the unexposed control animals and were involved in clones. As expected of unstable aberrations, dicentrics decreased rapidly after exposure and reached baseline levels within 3 months. These results indicate that the persistence of translocations induced by ionizing radiation is complicated by aging and clonal expansion and that these factors must be considered when quantifying translocations at long times after exposure. These results have implications for biological dosimetry in human populations. (C) 2000 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Coll Agr & forestry, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-452,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 57 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 153 IS 1 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0110:LPACOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 270WT UT WOS:000084560700014 PM 10630984 ER PT B AU Fry, RJM AF Fry, RJM BE Moriaty, M Edington, M Mothersill, C Ward, JF Seymour, C Fry, RJM TI Radiation research: Past, present and future SO RADIATION RESEARCH, VOL 2, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of Radiation Research CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND ID CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; IONIZING-RADIATION; ADAPTIVE RESPONSE; ALPHA-PARTICLES; IRRADIATION; APOPTOSIS; SURVIVAL; RADIORESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; HYPOXIA C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Fry, RJM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA BN 1-891276-14-X PY 2000 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR30V UT WOS:000166083700002 ER PT B AU Holroyd, RA AF Holroyd, RA BE Moriaty, M Edington, M Mothersill, C Ward, JF Seymour, C Fry, RJM TI Yields of ions and excited states in nonpolar liquids exposed to X rays of 1.4 to 30 keV energy SO RADIATION RESEARCH, VOL 2, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of Radiation Research CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CHARGE RECOMBINATION; K-EDGE; TRACKS; ABSORPTION; ELECTRONS; ESCAPE C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holroyd, RA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA BN 1-891276-14-X PY 2000 BP 160 EP 163 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR30V UT WOS:000166083700038 ER PT B AU Siantar, CLH Bergstrom, PM Daly, TP Descalle, MA Garrett, D House, RK Knapp, DK May, S Patterson, RW Walling, RS Albright, N Verhey, L Weiczorek, D AF Siantar, CLH Bergstrom, PM Daly, TP Descalle, MA Garrett, D House, RK Knapp, DK May, S Patterson, RW Walling, RS Albright, N Verhey, L Weiczorek, D BE Moriaty, M Edington, M Mothersill, C Ward, JF Seymour, C Fry, RJM TI Clinical implementation of the PEREGRINE Monte Carlo dose calculation system for photon-beam therapy SO RADIATION RESEARCH, VOL 2, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of Radiation Research CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Siantar, CLH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA BN 1-891276-14-X PY 2000 BP 199 EP 203 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR30V UT WOS:000166083700047 ER PT B AU Gomez, LS AF Gomez, LS BE Moriaty, M Edington, M Mothersill, C Ward, JF Seymour, C Fry, RJM TI Contamination of the northern oceans from releases of radioactivity from the former Soviet Union SO RADIATION RESEARCH, VOL 2, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of Radiation Research CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gomez, LS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0779, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA BN 1-891276-14-X PY 2000 BP 303 EP 305 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR30V UT WOS:000166083700072 ER PT B AU Woloschak, GE Paunesku, T Protic, M AF Woloschak, GE Paunesku, T Protic, M BE Moriaty, M Edington, M Mothersill, C Ward, JF Seymour, C Fry, RJM TI Pcna promoter studies in radiation-sensitive mice SO RADIATION RESEARCH, VOL 2, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of Radiation Research CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND ID CELL-NUCLEAR-ANTIGEN; WASTED MICE; MOUSE; TRANSCRIPTION; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; GENE; P53; DNA C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Woloschak, GE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017 OI Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA BN 1-891276-14-X PY 2000 BP 420 EP 422 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR30V UT WOS:000166083700100 ER PT B AU Lehnert, BE Iyer, R AF Lehnert, BE Iyer, R BE Moriaty, M Edington, M Mothersill, C Ward, JF Seymour, C Fry, RJM TI Cell growth-related bystander responses to alpha particles and gamma rays SO RADIATION RESEARCH, VOL 2, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of Radiation Research CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; EXPOSURE; PROLIFERATION; SUPEROXIDE C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lehnert, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA BN 1-891276-14-X PY 2000 BP 488 EP 491 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR30V UT WOS:000166083700117 ER PT B AU Miura, M AF Miura, M BE Moriaty, M Edington, M Mothersill, C Ward, JF Seymour, C Fry, RJM TI Boron-10 tumour targeting modalities SO RADIATION RESEARCH, VOL 2, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of Radiation Research CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; BRAIN-BARRIER DISRUPTION; INTRACAROTID INJECTION; ENHANCED SURVIVAL; GLIOBLASTOMA-MULTIFORME; P-BORONOPHENYLALANINE; SODIUM BOROCAPTATE; BEARING MICE; BIODISTRIBUTION; DELIVERY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miura, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA BN 1-891276-14-X PY 2000 BP 697 EP 701 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR30V UT WOS:000166083700168 ER PT B AU Coderre, JA Diaz, AZ Ma, RM AF Coderre, JA Diaz, AZ Ma, RM BE Moriaty, M Edington, M Mothersill, C Ward, JF Seymour, C Fry, RJM TI Boron neutron capture therapy: Radiobiological and clinical considerations SO RADIATION RESEARCH, VOL 2, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of Radiation Research CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coderre, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA BN 1-891276-14-X PY 2000 BP 706 EP 709 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR30V UT WOS:000166083700170 ER PT J AU McNichol, AP Ertel, JR Eglinton, TI AF McNichol, AP Ertel, JR Eglinton, TI TI The radiocarbon content of individual lignin-derived phenols: Technique and initial results SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ISOTOPE-RATIO; NOSAMS; AMS AB We present a method for the isolation of phenolic compounds derived from lignin for radiocarbon analysis. These phenols are generated by chemical oxidation of polymeric materials and derivatized for separation and recovery by preparative capillary gas chromatography (PCGC). This technique yields tens of micrograms of pure, stable compounds that can he converted to graphite and analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Analysis of model flavor compounds and dated woods indicates that, in most cases, the radiocarbon (C-14) contents of the individual compounds, corrected for the contribution of the derivative, agree with that of the bulk material to within 20 parts per thousand. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McNichol, AP (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2000 VL 42 IS 2 BP 219 EP 227 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 365VK UT WOS:000089971000005 ER PT J AU Guilderson, TP Schrag, DP Goddard, E Kashgarian, M Wellington, GM Linsley, BK AF Guilderson, TP Schrag, DP Goddard, E Kashgarian, M Wellington, GM Linsley, BK TI Southwest subtropical pacific surface water radiocarbon in a high-resolution coral record SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BOMB RADIOCARBON; EL-NINO; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; MODEL; C-14; AMS; CIRCULATION AB We have generated a high-resolution coral Delta C-14 record from the southwest subtropical Pacific spanning the last 50 yr. Prebomb (1950-1956) Delta C-14 values average -52 parts per thousand. Values begin to increase in 1957, reaching a maximum in the early 1970s, about 10 yr after the atmospheric peak. There is a consistent 10-15 parts per thousand seasonal cycle whose relationship with vertical mixing evolves as a consequence of the penetration of the bomb transient into subsurface waters. Comparison of this record with that simulated in an ocean general circulation model highlights the difficulty in modeling vertical exchange processes. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Lab Geochem Oceanog, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Guilderson, TP (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418 NR 37 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2000 VL 42 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 365VK UT WOS:000089971000008 ER PT J AU Panak, PJ Raff, J Selenska-Pobell, S Geipel, G Bernhard, G Nitsche, H AF Panak, PJ Raff, J Selenska-Pobell, S Geipel, G Bernhard, G Nitsche, H TI Complex formation of U(VI) with Bacillus-isolates from a uranium mining waste pile SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium; Bacillus isolates; biosorption; time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy; actinides ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SELECTIVE ACCUMULATION; HEAVY-METALS; WATERS AB Accumulation studies with vegetative cells and spores of three Bacillus isolates (JG-A 30, JG-A 12, JG-A 22, classified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus megaterium) from a uranium mining waste pile (Johanngeorgenstadt, Saxony) and their corresponding reference strains have shown that Bacilli accumulate high amounts of U(VI) in the concentration range examined (11-214 mg/L). Information on the binding strength and the reversibility were obtained from extraction studies with different extractants. With 0.01 M EDTA solution the uranium bound to the biomass was released almost quantitatively. The characterization of the bacterial-UO22+-complexes by time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) showed the formation of inner-sphere complexes with phosphate groups of the biomass. The results lead to the conclusion that the cell wall components with phosphate residues e.g., polysaccharides, teichoic and teichuroic acids or phospholipide layers of the membranes are responsible for the uranium binding. The spectroscopic studies of the U(VI)-complexes with isolated bacterial cell walls and isolated surface-layer proteins of the strain Bacillus sphaericus NCTC 9602 after cell fractionation have shown that the complexation of U(VI) with intact cells (vegetative cells or spores) is different from the coordination with isolated cell wall components, especially with the S-layer proteins. For all Bacillus strains studied in this work, a significant contribution of the S-layer proteins to the binding of uranyl to living cells can be excluded. C1 Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Panak, PJ (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. NR 13 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 12 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 2 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.2.071 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 336JW UT WOS:000088299000003 ER PT J AU Phillips, DR Peterson, EJ Taylor, WA Jamriska, DJ Hamilton, VT Kitten, JJ Valdez, FO Salazar, LL Pitt, LR Heaton, RC Kolsky, KL Mausner, LF Kurczak, S Zhuikov, BL Kokhanyuk, VM Konyakhin, NA Nortier, FM van der Walt, TN Hanekom, J Sosnowski, KM Carty, JS AF Phillips, DR Peterson, EJ Taylor, WA Jamriska, DJ Hamilton, VT Kitten, JJ Valdez, FO Salazar, LL Pitt, LR Heaton, RC Kolsky, KL Mausner, LF Kurczak, S Zhuikov, BL Kokhanyuk, VM Konyakhin, NA Nortier, FM van der Walt, TN Hanekom, J Sosnowski, KM Carty, JS TI Production of strontium-82 for the Cardiogen (R) PET generator: a project of the Department of Energy Virtual Isotope Center SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE strontium-82; rubidium-82; isotope production; PET; generator; Cardiogen (R) ID INDUCED NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; NATURAL KRYPTON; SR-82; HE-3-PARTICLE AB In December of 1989, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved Rb-82 chloride in saline solution for cardiological perfusion imaging by positron emission tomography (PET). The solution is derived from a Sr-82 generator system that is presently manufactured by Bristol Myers Squibb and distributed for clinical application in the United States by Bracco Diagnostics, Inc. Many years of research and development by people in several institutions led up to the approval for clinical use. Currently, there are about 15 sites in the U.S. that perform clinical myocardial perfusion imaging by PET using Rb-82 chloride from the generator. In order to manufacture the generators, Bristol Myers Squibb requires about 1600 mCi of Sr-82 every 30 days. The United States Department of Energy and MDS Nordion, Canada are the current suppliers with qualified Drug Master Files for the production and distribution of this nuclide for the Cardiogen(R) generator. These two entities have worked together over the years to assure the regular, reliable supply of the Sr-82. Here we describe the facilities and methods used by the Department of Energy in its Virtual Isotope Center to make and distribute the nuclide. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Natl Accelerator Ctr, Radioisotope Prod Grp, ZA-7131 Faure, South Africa. Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. US Dept Energy, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Phillips, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.3-4.149 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 336JX UT WOS:000088299100008 ER PT J AU Stoyer, NJ Hoffman, DC Silva, RJ AF Stoyer, NJ Hoffman, DC Silva, RJ TI Cation-cation complexes of PuO2+ and NpO2+ with Th4+ and UO22+ SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE cation-cation complexes; plutonyl; neptunyl; thorium; laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy ID AQUEOUS PERCHLORATE SOLUTIONS; PENTAVALENT ACTINIDES AB Cation-cation complexes of NpO2+ and PuO2+ with UO22+ and Th4+ were studied using laser-induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (LIPAS). An equilibrium constant of 2.4+/-0.2 M-1 was measured at an ionic strength of 6.0 M for the NpO2+. UO22+ complex which is in good agreement with previous measurements using conventional absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Equilibrium constants of 1.8+/-0.9 and 2.2+/-1.5 M-1 were measured for NpO2+. Th4+ and PuO2+. UO22+ complexes at an ionic strength of 6.0 M, respectively. This is the first time that LIPAS has been used to study cation-cation complexes and the first time that the PuO2+. UO22+ cation-cation complex has been reported. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Isotope Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stoyer, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Isotope Sci Div, L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 5 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.5.279 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 347AC UT WOS:000088903200004 ER PT J AU Rai, D Moore, DA Oakes, CS Yui, M AF Rai, D Moore, DA Oakes, CS Yui, M TI Thermodynamic model for the solubility of thorium dioxide in the Na+-Cl--OH--H2O system at 23 degrees C and 90 degrees C SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE solubility; thermodynamics; thorium dioxide; ThO2(c); ThO2(am); temperature effects on ThO2 crystallinity; solubility product; solubility products at different temperatures ID HYDROUS OXIDE; AQUEOUS ION; ELECTROLYTES; TEMPERATURES; COEFFICIENTS; CARBONATE; EQUATIONS; TH(IV); MEDIA AB Data are extremely limited on the effects of temperature on crystallinity and the resulting changes in solubility products of thermally transformed thorium oxide phases. Such data are required to reliably predict thorium behavior in high-level waste repositories where higher than ambient temperatures are expected. Solubility studies were conducted as a function of pH and time and at 0.1 M NaCl for 1) ThO2(am) at 23 degrees C, 2) ThO2(am --> c), a thermally transformed amorphous thorium hydrous oxide at 90 degrees C, and 3) ThO2(c) at 23 degrees C and 90 degrees C, Results show that when ThO2(am) is heated to 90 degrees C, it transforms to a relatively insoluble and crystalline solid [ThO2(am --> c)]. At a fixed pH, the observed solubility of ThO2(am) at 23 degrees C is more than 11 orders of magnitude greater than those for ThO2(c) at 23 degrees C or of ThO2(am --> c) and ThO2(c) at 90 degrees C. Solubility data were interpreted using the Pitzer ion-interaction model. The log of the solubility product for the thorium dioxide dissolution reaction [ThO2(s) + 2 H2O = Th4+ + 4 OH-] was determined to be -44.9 for ThO,(am) at 23 degrees C, greater than or equal to -56.9 for ThO2(c) at 23 degrees C, and -51.4 for ThO2(c) at 90 degrees C. At 90 degrees C, a relatively less crystalline phase, ThO2(am --> c), showed slightly higher solubility (log K-sp = -49.2) than crystalline ThO2(c). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Tokai Works, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Rai, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 34 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 5 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.5.297 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 347AC UT WOS:000088903200007 ER PT J AU Zhang, PC Krumhansl, JL Brady, PV AF Zhang, PC Krumhansl, JL Brady, PV TI Boehmite sorbs perrhenate and pertechnetate SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE technetium; pertechnetate; adsorption; Al hydroxide; sequestration; distribution coefficient ID ANION ADSORPTION; GOETHITE AB Boehmite and Al-oxyhydroxide gels sorb ReO4-, a non-radioactive analogue of TcO4- from NaNO3 solutions. Sorption appears to be substantially electrostatic (though there appears to be a specific preference for ReO4- over NO3-) and is most effective at pH < 8. Measured K-d's Lie between 5 and 105 mi g(-1), depending on the solid, pH, and ionic strength. ReO4- and TcO4- are both partially removed from high pH Hanford-type acid waste simulants upon neutralization and formation of Al-rich sludges. We therefore propose that sequestration of Te by boehmite limits dissolved Te levels in the near and sub-surface environment and for that purpose boehmite might be relied on as a backfill, or reactive barrier, to limit environmental transport of Tc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhang, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pzhang@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 6 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.6.369 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 351ND UT WOS:000089163800007 ER PT J AU Rose, TP Smith, DK Phinney, DL AF Rose, TP Smith, DK Phinney, DL TI Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements of volcanic tuffs containing radionuclides from underground nuclear tests SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); underground nuclear test; prompt injection; sorption; zeolites; volcanic tuff ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; NEVADA TEST-SITE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MIGRATION; HYDROGEN; WATER; ADSORPTION; MICROPROBE; STRONTIUM; SILICATES AB The in situ distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides in volcanic tuffs was measured using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Samples were obtained from boreholes drilled in close proximity to expended underground nuclear test cavities at the Nevada Test Site, USA. SIMS measurements revealed the presence of Na-22, Cs-137, and enriched U-235/U-238 ratios. The radionuclides are distributed heterogeneously and occur at concentrations ranging from 1 to <0.1ppm. Two processes govern the distribution of radionuclides outside the nuclear test cavity region: the prompt injection of radionuclides along fractures at the time of the nuclear detonation, and the post-test sorption of radionuclides from groundwater. A zone of prompt injection 37 m above the static water table is characterized by the correlated presence of all three radionuclides - in one case, all within a single (60 m) point of analysis. Cs-137 is the only radionuclide detected in rocks from the saturated zone. Since these volcanic tuffs are highly zeolitized, containing up to 60 wt % clinoptilolite, it is likely that zeolite minerals control Cs-137 sorption from groundwater. However, the heterogeneous distribution of radionuclides within the zeolitized samples indicates that micro-fractures in the rock are also important in determining where the radionuclides are deposited. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rose, TP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rose23@llnl.gov NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 8 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.8.465 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 380QX UT WOS:000165714500006 ER PT J AU Muller, P Blaum, K Bushaw, BA Diel, S Geppert, C Nahler, A Nortershauser, W Trautmann, N Wendt, K AF Muller, P Blaum, K Bushaw, BA Diel, S Geppert, C Nahler, A Nortershauser, W Trautmann, N Wendt, K TI Trace detection of Ca-41 in nuclear reactor concrete by diode-laser-based resonance ionization mass spectrometry SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Ca-41; trace determination; resonance ionization mass spectrometry; reactor concrete ID SPECTROSCOPY; FUTURE AB The content of the long-lived isotope Ca-41 in concrete samples obtained from the biological shield of a shutdown nuclear research reactor has been determined by diodelaser-based resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS). Standard procedures were applied for the chemical separation of calcium. A radioactive tracer of Ca-47 was used to determine the chemical yield. The total calcium concentration in the final nitric acid solution was measured by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The RIMS measurement yielded the abundance of 41Ca relative to the total calcium content with a detection limit of 5x10(-10), Limited by background effects at mass 41. The detection limit corresponds to a minimum detectable specific Ca-41 activity of similar to 100 mBq/g in the concrete. Reproducibility and accuracy were determined with Ca-41 spikes and found to be in the range of 15 %, limited predominantly by ion counting statistics. C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Muller, P (reprint author), Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Wendt, Klaus/D-7306-2011; Nortershauser, Wilfried/A-6671-2013 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; Wendt, Klaus/0000-0002-9033-9336; Nortershauser, Wilfried/0000-0001-7432-3687 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 8 BP 487 EP 493 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.8.487 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 380QX UT WOS:000165714500009 ER PT J AU Sowder, AG Clark, SB Fjeld, RA AF Sowder, AG Clark, SB Fjeld, RA TI Dehydration of synthetic autunite hydrates SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab DE autunite; metaautunite; dehydration; uranyl phosphate ID IMMOBILIZATION; SCHOEPITE; APATITE; PHASES AB The dehydration of uranyl minerals can affect phase structure and stability. Synthetic autunite hydrates, Ca[(UO2) (PO4)](2). xH(2)O, were studied by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to address ambiguous or contradictory reports in the literature. Structurally, XRD analysis supported the three well-defined phases commonly reported in the literature, i.e. autunite, metaautunite I, and metaautunite II. In addition, a fourth phase with a basal plane spacing between that of autunite and metaautunite I, designated metaautunite Ia, was identified as an apparent metastable intermediate. TGA analysis confirmed that water loss or accumulation is tolerated to different degrees among the autunite hydrates. Loss of low temperature water appears to initiate collapse of the interlayer spacing from 10 to 9 Angstrom to form metaautunite I and/or Ia, while the lower hydrates accommodate minor water loss and accumulation without significant structural alteration. Our results support previous research indicating the reversibility of the autunite to metaautunite I conversion. The complex dehydration pattern of autunite is not observed in all the 1:1 uranyl phosphates, such as chernikovite (H[(UO2)(PO4)]. 4H(2)O). C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Sowder, AG (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.533 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300006 ER PT J AU Roberts, SK Bourcier, WL Shaw, HF AF Roberts, SK Bourcier, WL Shaw, HF TI Aqueous dissolution kinetics of pyrochlore, zirconolite and brannerite at 25, 50, and 75 degrees C SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab DE titanate; aqueous dissolution kinetics; hydrothermal; waste form AB We measured the rates of dissolution of pyrochlore, zirconolite, and brannerite in pH-buffered solutions of pH 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 at temperatures of 25, 50, and 75 degreesC in flow-through reactors. The dissolution rates for all phases show a minimum near pH 8. Zirconolite dissolves the slowest of the three phases, with a slightly higher rate for pyrochlore and a much higher dissolution rate for brannerite. Brannerite dissolves as much has 30 times faster than zirconolite. The rates increase with temperature, but the magnitude of the increase varies with pH. The calculated average apparent activation energy for dissolution is 6 +/- 3 kcal/mole. Dissolution is non-stoichiometric at all pHs. Ti and Hf are released most slowly, and are often below detection limits (1 ppb for Ti, 0.2 ppb for Hf). Releases of Ca, U, Gd, and Ce appear to be stoichiometric below pH 8. At pHs and above only U is measurable in solution. Dissolution rates are slow under all conditions, and commonly in the range of 1-100 nm total dissolution/year (between 10(-3.5) and 10(-5.5) g/m(2)/day). C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roberts, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-219, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Shaw, Henry/B-6445-2012 OI Shaw, Henry/0000-0003-0681-5430 NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.539 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300007 ER PT J AU Pompe, S Schmeide, K Bubner, M Geipel, G Heise, KH Bernhard, G Nitsche, H AF Pompe, S Schmeide, K Bubner, M Geipel, G Heise, KH Bernhard, G Nitsche, H TI Investigation of humic acid complexation behavior with uranyl ions using modified synthetic and natural humic acids SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab DE humic acid; synthetic humic acid; modified humic acid; phenolic OH groups; complexation; uranium ID CATION BINDING; MODEL; SUBSTANCES; URANIUM(VI); CONSTANTS AB We investigated the influence of phenolic OH groups on the complexation behavior of humic acid (HA) with UO22+ ions at pH 4. Starting from synthetic HA type M1, natural HA Aldrich, and natural HA Kranichsee, we synthesized modified HAs with blocked phenolic OH groups by derivatization with diazomethane. The partial blocking of phenolic OH groups was confirmed by a radiometric method which quantitatively determined the functional groups and by FTIR spectroscopy. The complexation behavior of the chemically modified and unmodified HAs with UO22+ ions was investigated by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental data were evaluated with the metal ion charge neutralization model. We determined comparable complexation constants for all HAs. Two modified HAs (type M1 and Aldrich) had significantly lower loading capacities for UO22+ ions (10.5 +/- 0.9% and 9.7 +/- 1.6%, respectively) than the corresponding unmodified HAs (18.0 +/- 2.0% and 17.5 +/- 1.6%, respectively). This indicates that the blocking of the phenolic OH groups changes the complexation behavior of HAs. C1 Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pompe, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, Postfach 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. NR 24 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 16 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.553 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300009 ER PT J AU Borkowski, M Choppin, GR Moore, RC AF Borkowski, M Choppin, GR Moore, RC TI Thermodynamic modeling of metal-ligand interactions in high ionic strength NaCl solutions: the Co2+-oxalate system SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab DE cobalt; oxalate; complexation; Pitzer parameters ID COMPLEXATION; MEDIA AB First and second apparent stability constants for cobalt(LT) with oxalate ion have been determined using solvent extraction. Data were collected in 0.3 m to 5.0 m NaCl aqueous solutions. The logarithms of first stability constant ranged from 3.30+/-0.03 to 3.57+/-0.03 and second stability constant ranged from 5.49+/-0.05 to 6.02+/-0.06. The data were modeled using the Pitzer equations. For the 1:1 complex, values of the mu (0)/RT = -20.3 and the single neutral-ion interaction parameter lambda (0)(CoOx-Cl-) = -0.161 were determined. For the 1 :2 complex, a value for the mu (0)/RT = -12.4 was calculated from literature data and the Pitzer parameters beta (0)(Co(Ox)22- - Na+) = -0.628; beta (1)(Co(Ox)22- - Na+) = 1.74 and c(phi) = 0.251 were determined. Standard chemical potential values are based on a model for oxalate deprotonation reported in an earlier study. Stability constants determined in this work are compared to available values from the literature. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Choppin, GR (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 599 EP 602 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.599 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300017 ER PT J AU Matzen, SL Beiriger, JM Torretto, PC Zhao, P Viani, BE AF Matzen, SL Beiriger, JM Torretto, PC Zhao, P Viani, BE TI Uranium(VI) and neptunium(V) transport through fractured, hydrothermally altered concrete SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab DE uranium(VI); neptunium(V); sorption; cementitious material; colloid; microsphere; alpha particle tracks; SIMS ID SORPTION; COPRECIPITATION; RADIONUCLIDES AB In a high level waste repository in which temperatures are elevated due to waste decay, concrete structures will be subjected to hydrothermal conditions that will after their physical and chemical properties. Virtually no studies have examined the interaction of hydrothermally altered concrete with radionuclides. We present the results of experiments in which soluble and colloid-associated U and Np, were eluted into a fractured, hydrothermally altered concrete core. Although the fluid residence time in the fracture was estimated to be on the order of 1 minute, U and Np in the effluent from the core were below detection (10(-9)-10(-8) M), for both soluble and colloid-associated species. Inorganic colloids and latex microspheres were similarly immobilized within the core. Post-test analysis of the core identified the immobilized U and Np at or near the fracture surface, with a spatial distribution similar to that of the latex microspheres. Because hydrothermal alteration followed fracturing, the growth of crystalline calcium silicate hydrate and clay mineral alteration products on, and possibly across the fracture, resulted in a highly reactive fracture that was effective at capturing both soluble and colloidal radionuclides. Comparison of results from batch experiments [1] with these experiments indicate that partitioning of U and Np to the solid phase, and equilibration of the incoming fluid with the concrete, occurs rapidly in the fractured system. Transport of U through the concrete may be solubility and/or sorption limited; transport of Np appears to be limited primarily by sorption. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Viani, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, L-219, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 657 EP 664 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.657 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300027 ER PT J AU Farr, JD Schulze, PK Honeyman, BD AF Farr, JD Schulze, PK Honeyman, BD TI Aqueous Pu(IV) sorption on brucite SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab DE plutonium; sorption; photoemission; brucite; actinides; TRU waste repository AB The sorption behavior of aqueous Pu(IV) on brucite (Mg(OH)(2)) in the presence and absence of citrate was investigated by a combination of wet chemical batch sorption experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sorption occurs rapidly at near 100% levels from pH 8 to pH 13, and is not affected by the presence of citrate. XPS results indicate that Pu was incorporated in the subsurface in the cases studied. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Farr, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 675 EP 679 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.675 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300029 ER PT J AU Schmeide, K Pompe, S Bubner, M Heise, KH Bernhard, G Nitsche, H AF Schmeide, K Pompe, S Bubner, M Heise, KH Bernhard, G Nitsche, H TI Uranium(VI) sorption onto phyllite and selected minerals in the presence of humic acid SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab DE humic acid; uranium; sorption; phyllite; muscovite; albite; quartz; ferrihydrite ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ADSORPTION; SUBSTANCES; FERRIHYDRITE; IRON; COMPLEXATION; SILICA; OXIDES AB We studied the influence of humic acid (HA) on the uranium(VI) sorption onto the rock material phyllite and onto its main mineral constituents quartz, muscovite, chlorite, and albite at an ionic strength of 0.1 M in the pH range of 3.5 to 9.5 under aerobic conditions. The uranium(VI) concentration was 1 x 10(-6) M and the HA concentration was 5 and 60 mg/L, respectively. The solid/solution ratio was 12.5 g/L. Furthermore, we studied the uranium and HA sorption on ferrihydrite (3 x 10(-4) M Fe) and compared the results to the sorption behavior of phyllite. The study showed that the uranium sorption onto phyllite and onto its mineral constituents is influenced by the pH-dependent sorption behavior of the HA. Due to high HA sorption onto the solids in the acidic pH range the uranium uptake is enhanced compared to the uranium uptake in the absence of HA. A high concentration of dissolved HA in the near-neutral pH range reduces the uranium sorption due to formation of aqueous uranyl humate complexes. Furthermore, we could show that the high uranium and HA sorption on phyllite is primarily caused by minor amounts of the secondary mineral ferrihydrite that is formed due to weathering of phyllite. Thus, the ferrihydrite predominates the contributions of the main minerals quartz, muscovite, chlorite, and albite, that are naturally present in the rock material phyllite. C1 Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schmeide, K (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. NR 26 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 12 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 723 EP 728 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.723 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300037 ER PT J AU Zhao, P Allen, PG Sylwester, ER Viani, BE AF Zhao, P Allen, PG Sylwester, ER Viani, BE TI The partitioning of uranium and neptunium onto hydrothermally altered concrete SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab DE uranium(VI); neptunium(V); sorption; cementitious materials; carbonate complexation; EXAFS; redox ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WASTE-DISPOSAL; SOLUBILITIES; SORPTION; PH AB Partition coefficients (K-d) Of U(VI) and Np(V) on untreated and hydrothermally altered concrete were measured in 0.01 M NaCl and 0.01 M NaHCO3 solutions as functions of concentration of the radionuclides, pH, and time. The partition coefficients for both U(VI) and Np(V) on hydrothermally altered concrete are significantly lower than those on untreated concrete. The partition of both U(VI) and Np(V) are pH dependent, although the pH dependence does not appear to reflect precipitation of U and Np-bearing phases. Both sorption and precipitation are Likely processes controlling partitioning of U to concrete; sorption is the most likely process controlling the partitioning of Np to concrete. The presence of 0.01 M carbonate species in solution decreases K-d of U(VI) for both hydrothermally altered and untreated concrete from greater than or equal to 10(4) mL/g to similar to 400 to 1000 mL/g indicating a significant impact on U(VI) sorption. In contrast, the presence of carbonate only reduced the Kd Of Np(V) by one order of magnitude or less. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis of U/concrete mixtures at different pHs and times indicate that uranyl ions are partitioned as monomeric species on untreated concrete, but oligomeric species on hydrothermally altered concrete. Similar analysis of Np/concrete mixtures shows that about half of the partitioned Np(V) is reduced to Np(TV) over a period of 6 months. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Viani, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 729 EP 736 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.729 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300038 ER PT J AU Geipel, G Bernhard, G Rutsch, M Brendler, V Nitsche, H AF Geipel, G Bernhard, G Rutsch, M Brendler, V Nitsche, H TI Spectroscopic properties of uranium(VI) minerals studied by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab DE uranium; minerals; fluorescence spectroscopy; phosphate; arsenate ID SPECIATION; WATERS AB We studied the fluorescence properties of 120 uranium minerals in order to provide a data base of potential secondary solids that may form in the flooding process of defunct uranium mines. This data base may provide a link of the fluorescence spectra of the minerals to solution spectra containing so far unknown tertiary and quaternary solution complexes in environmental uranium(VI)-containing waters. In our initial effort to establish the data base, we are focusing on phosphate- and arsenate-containing uranium(VI) minerals. Except for chernikovite [(H3O)(2)(UO2)(2)(PO4)(2). 6H(2)O], these minerals show intensive fluorescence emissions bands with a bathochromic shift of up to 18 nm compared to the fluorescence of the uranyl ion in solution. We found hypsochromic shifts of the fluorescence emission for the uranyl phosphates and bathochromic shifts for the uranyl arsenates. The band spacing of the fluorescence emissions from the 20502 cm(-1) level are comparable to the vibrational frequency available from IR-data. Using these data we estimated the axial U-O bond lengths. The decrease of the vibration frequency from 813cm(-1) (saleite, [Mg(UO2)(2)(PO4)(2). 10(H2O)]) to 794cm(-1) (uranocircite, [Ba(UO2)(2)(PO4)(2). 12(H2O)]) is related to a slight increase of the U-O bond length by 3 pm. In both series, the fluorescence lifetime decreases with decreasing crystal water. This is different compared to solution spectra where the Lifetime increases as water is displaced from the inner coordination shell. Comparing the fluorescence data of the mineral troegerite [H-2(UO2)(2)(AsO4)(2).8(H2O)] with the fluorescence spectra of uranyl arsenate solutions, we identified one of the three uranyl arsenate complexes in solution as HUO2(AsO4)(aq.). C1 Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geipel, G (reprint author), Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, POB 510 119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. NR 13 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 757 EP 762 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.757 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300041 ER PT J AU Gillow, JB Dunn, M Francis, AJ Lucero, DA Papenguth, HW AF Gillow, JB Dunn, M Francis, AJ Lucero, DA Papenguth, HW TI The potential of subterranean microbes in facilitating actinide migration at the Grimsel Test Site and Waste Isolation Pilot Plant SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Livemore Natl Lab DE groundwater; colloids; microorganisms; uranium; plutonium ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; NUCLEAR WASTE; CELL-WALL; BACTERIA; TRANSPORT; DISPOSAL; REPOSITORY; BEHAVIOR; NEVADA AB Microorganisms may affect the long-term stability and mobility of radionuclides disposed of in deep geological formations. Of particular concern is the association of radionuclides with subterranean microbial cells and their subsequent transport as biocolloids. We characterized the total microbial populations in two groundwater samples: one from the Culebra dolomite member of the Rustler Formation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), NM, and the other from the granitic formation at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS), Switzerland. Culebra groundwater (ionic strength 2.8 M, pH 7) contained 1.51+/-1.08 x 10(5) cells ml(-1), with a mean cell length of 0.75+/-0.04 mum and width of 0.58+/-0.02 mum. In contrast, low ionic-strength GTS groundwater (0.001 M, pH 10) contained 3.97+/-0.37 x 10(3) cells ml(-1), with a mean cell length of 1.50+/-0.141 mum and width of 0.37+/-0.01 mum. Adding appropriate electron donors and accepters to the groundwaters facilitated the growth of aerobic, denitrifying, fermentative, and acetogenic microorganisms. Uranium biosorption was studied in two isolates from these groundwaters, as well as several pure cultures from saline and non-saline environments. Halophilic and non-halophilic bacteria exhibited differences in the amount of U associated with the cells. Plutonium uptake by Acetobacteriurn sp, isolated from GTS varied from 30-145 pg of mu mg(-1) dry weight of cells. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gillow, JB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.769 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300043 ER PT J AU Sylwester, ER Gregorich, KE Lee, DM Kadkhodayan, B Turler, A Adams, JL Kacher, CD Lane, MR Laue, CA McGrath, CA Shaughnessy, DA Strellis, DA Wilk, PA Hoffman, DC AF Sylwester, ER Gregorich, KE Lee, DM Kadkhodayan, B Turler, A Adams, JL Kacher, CD Lane, MR Laue, CA McGrath, CA Shaughnessy, DA Strellis, DA Wilk, PA Hoffman, DC TI On-line gas chromatographic studies of Rf, Zr, and Hf bromides SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE chromatography; isothermal; volatility; bromides; adsorption ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GROUP-5 ELEMENTS; PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC SOLUTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CHEMISTRY; ELECTRODEPOSITION; TARGETS; PHYSICS; IDENTIFICATION AB The Heavy Element Volatility instrument (HEVI), an on-line isothermal gas chromatography system, has been used to separate the volatile bromide compounds of the group 4 elements Zr and Hf and the transactinide Rf according to their volatilities, and to provide data on the gas phase chemical properties of very short-lived isotopes in amounts as low as a few atoms. For these studies (261)Rf was produced via the Cm-248(O-18, 5n) reaction. Hf165-167 was produced via the reaction Eu-nat(F-19, xn), and Zr-85 was produced via the Cu-nat(Si-28, 3p3n) reaction. The hair-life for (261)Rf was measured to be 75 +/- 7 seconds. A Monte Carlo code was used to deduce the enthalpy of adsorption (DeltaH(a)) from the observed volatility and parameters of the chromatography system. The resulting adsorption enthalpies for the Zr, Hf, and Rf tetrabromides are: -108+/-5 kJ . mol(-1), -113 +/- 5 kJ . mol(-1) and -877 kJ . mol(-1), respectively. Volatilities of the group 4 bromides support the conclusion from previous results for the group 4 chlorides that Rf deviates from the trend expected by simple extrapolation of the properties of its lighter homologs in the periodic table. The group 4 bromides are also observed to be less volatile than their respective chlorides, as predicted by relativistic calculations. C1 Ernest O Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LAM Res Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. WM ONeill & Co Inc, Los Angeles, CA 90066 USA. RP Sylwester, ER (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Wilk, Philip/B-5954-2008; McGrath, Christopher/E-8995-2013; Turler, Andreas/D-3913-2014 OI Turler, Andreas/0000-0002-4274-1056 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 12 BP 837 EP 843 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.12.837 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 399VE UT WOS:000166832700003 ER PT J AU Rao, L Choppin, GR Bergeron, RJ AF Rao, L Choppin, GR Bergeron, RJ TI Complexation of thorium(IV) with desmethyldesferrithiocin SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE thorium; desmethyldesferrithiocin; complexation; potentiometry; NMR; spectrophotometry ID EFFECTIVE IRON CHELATORS; DESFERRIOXAMINE-B; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; DESFERRITHIOCIN ANALOGS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; MULTIDENTATE LIGANDS; STABILITY; SIDEROPHORES; AFFINITIES; ACTINIDES AB The complexation of Th(IV) with desmethyl-desferrithiocin (H2DMDFT), a derivative of the siderophore desferrithiocin (H2DFT), was studied by potentiometry, spec trophotometry and NMR. Three protonation constants of the ligand were determined by potentiometric titrations and H-1-NMR and assigned to the phenolate group, the nitrogen at the hydroxypyridine ring, and the carboxylate group. The formation constant of the 1:2 complex, Th(DMDFT)(2), was determined by absorption spectrophotometry with oxalate as a competing ligand. A tridentate complex with Th(IV) involving the phenolate oxygen, the thiazoline nitrogen and the carboxylate group of H2DMDFT was proposed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Rao, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 12 BP 851 EP 856 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.12.851 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 399VE UT WOS:000166832700005 ER PT J AU Westmacott, G Zhong, F Frank, M Friedrich, S Labov, SE Benner, WH AF Westmacott, G Zhong, F Frank, M Friedrich, S Labov, SE Benner, WH TI Investigating ion-surface collisions with a niobium superconducting tunnel junction detector in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON; MOLECULAR-IONS; CLUSTER IONS; IMPACT; CONVERSION; ENERGY; YIELDS AB The performance of an energy sensitive, niobium superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector is investigated by measuring the pulse height produced by impacting molecular and atomic ions at different kinetic energies. Ions are produced by laser desorption and matrix-assisted laser desorption in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Our results show that the STJ detector pulse height decreases for increasing molecular ion mass, passes through a minimum at around 2000 Da, and then increases with increasing mass of molecular ions above 2000 Da. The detector does not show a decline in sensitivity for high mass ions as Is observed with microchannel plate ion detectors. These detector plus height measurements are discussed in terms of several physical mechanisms involved in an ion-surface collision. Copyright (C) 2000 John Whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Benner, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 70A-3363,1 Clyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 7 BP 600 EP 607 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 298LD UT WOS:000086139800009 ER PT J AU Lammert, SA AF Lammert, SA TI 2000 directory of mass spectrometry manufacturers and suppliers SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTS; SYSTEMS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lammert, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, M-S 6365,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 9 BP 725 EP 739 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(20000515)14:9<725::AID-RCM964>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 310RL UT WOS:000086841100001 PM 10825010 ER PT J AU Van Berkel, GJ Quirke, JME Adams, CL AF Van Berkel, GJ Quirke, JME Adams, CL TI Derivatization for electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. 4. Alkenes and alkynes SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ION TRAP; 4-AMINONAPHTHALENESULPHONIC ACID; CHEMICAL DERIVATIZATION; FULLERENE ANIONS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; METABOLITES; DERIVATIVES; MOLECULES; REAGENT AB A survey of derivatization strategies and prospective derivatization reactions for conversion of simple alkenes and alkynes to 'electrospray-active ' species is presented. General synthetic strategies are discussed and illustrative examples of prospective derivatives prepared from model compounds are presented along with their electrospray ionization (ES) mass spectra, The identified derivatives of these neutral, nonpolar analytes are either ionic or are ionizable in solution through Bronsted acid/base chemistry, by Lewis acid/base chemistry, or by chemical or electrochemical electron-transfer chemistry. Once ionized, the derivatives are expected to be amenable to detection by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Derivatives are identified for positive and negative ion analysis of both alkenes and alkynes. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 10 BP 849 EP 858 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(20000530)14:10<849::AID-RCM954>3.0.CO;2-T PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 319NL UT WOS:000087348000006 ER PT J AU Lazar, AC Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Lazar, AC Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Laser desorption/ionization coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for real-time monitoring of paraquat on the surface of environmental particles SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID QUATERNARY AMMONIUM HERBICIDES; AIR-POLLUTION; DIQUAT; PESTICIDES; SALTS; WATER; SIZE AB Aerosol mass spectrometry with laser desorption/ionization was investigated as a possible tool for real-time monitoring of the presence of the pesticide paraquat on the surface of airborne soil particles, Laser desorption/ionization of paraquat dication produced only singly charged ions. The most abundant species were [M](+.), [M - H](+), and [M - CH3](+). Operation of the ion trap mass spectrometer in the MS3 mode allowed the reduction of the signal dependence on laser fluence fluctuations and permitted the detection of the analyte with good sensitivity and high selectivity, The estimated limit of detection in terms of surface coverage was 0.016 monolayers, approximately 1 attomole of paraquat on the surface of a single micronsized soil particle. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Whitten, WB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 16 BP 1523 EP 1529 DI 10.1002/1097-0231(20000830)14:16<1523::AID-RCM58>3.3.CO;2-Y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 344UB UT WOS:000088776500014 PM 10931548 ER PT J AU Westmacott, G Frank, M Labov, SE Benner, WH AF Westmacott, G Frank, M Labov, SE Benner, WH TI Using a superconducting tunnel junction detector to measure the secondary electron emission efficiency for a microchannel plate detector bombarded by large molecular ions SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LASER-DESORPTION; TIME; SURFACES; CONVERSION; IMPACTS; ENERGY; YIELDS AB An energy-sensitive superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector was used to measure the secondary electron emission efficiency, epsilon(e), for a microchannel plate (MCP) detector bombarded by large (up to 66 kDa), slow moving (<40 km/s) molecular ions. The method used is new and provides a more direct procedure for measuring the efficiency of secondary electron emission from a surface. Both detectors were exposed simultaneously to nearly identical ion fluxes, By exposing only a small area of the MCP detector to ions, such that the area exposed was effectively the same as the size of the STJ detector, the number of ions detected with each detector were directly comparable. The STJ detector is 100% efficient for detecting ions in the energy regime investigated and therefore it can be used to measure the detection efficiency and secondary electron emission efficiency of the MCP, The results are consistent with measurements made by other groups and provide further characterization of the loss in sensitivity noted previously when MCP detectors have been used to detect high-mass ions. Individual molecular ions of mass 66 kDa with 30 keV kinetic energy were measured to have about a 5% probability of producing one or more electrons when impacting the MCP, When ion energy was reduced to 10 keV, the detection probability decreased to 1 %. The secondary electron yield was calculated from the secondary electron emission efficiency and found to scale linearly with the mass of the impinging molecular ion and to about the fourth power of ion velocity. Secondary electrons were observed for primary ion impacts >5 km/s, regardless of mass, and no evidence of a velocity (detection) threshold was observed. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Benner, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 16 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 19 BP 1854 EP 1861 DI 10.1002/1097-0231(20001015)14:19<1854::AID-RCM102>3.0.CO;2-M PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 358YH UT WOS:000089584400018 ER PT J AU Tolmachev, AV Udseth, HR Smith, RD AF Tolmachev, AV Udseth, HR Smith, RD TI Radial stratification of ions as a function of mass to charge ratio in collisional cooling radio frequency multipoles used as ion guides or ion traps SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY; DISSOCIATION; RESERVOIR; FIELDS; TOOL; CELL AB Collisional cooling in radio frequency (RF) ion guides has been used in mass spectrometry as an intermediate step during the transport of ions from high pressure regions of an ion source into high vacuum regions of a mass analyzer. Such collisional cooling devices are also increasingly used as 'linear', two-dimensional (2D) ion traps for ion storage and accumulation to achieve improved sensitivity and dynamic range, We have used the effective potential approach to study m/z dependent distribution of ions in the devices. Relationships obtained for the ideal 2D multipole demonstrate that after cooling the ion cloud forms concentric cylindrical layers, each of them composed of ions having the same m/z ratio; the higher the m/z, the larger is the radial position occupied by the ions, This behavior results from the fact that the effective RF focusing is stronger for ions of lower m/z, pushing these ions closer to the axis. Radial boundaries of the layers are more distinct for multiply charged ions, compared to singly charged ions having the same m/z and charge density. In the case of sufficiently high ion density and low ion kinetic energy, we show that each m/z layer is separated from its nearest neighbor by a radial gap of low ion density. The radial gaps of low ion population between the layers are formed due to the space charge repulsion. Conditions for establishing the m/z stratified structure include sufficiently high charge density and adequate collisional relaxation, These conditions are likely to occur in collisional RF multipoles operated as ion guides or 2D ion traps for external ion accumulation. When linear ion density increases, the maximum ion cloud radius also increases, and outer layers of high m/z ions approach the multipole rods and may be ejected. This 'overfilling' of the multipole capacity results in a strong discrimination against high m/z ions. A relationship is reported for the maximum linear ion density of a multipole that is not overfilled. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MS K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR12365] NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 20 BP 1907 EP 1913 DI 10.1002/1097-0231(20001030)14:20<1907::AID-RCM111>3.3.CO;2-D PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 362ZP UT WOS:000089808400004 PM 11013419 ER PT B AU Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL AF Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL BE Bautista, RG Mishra, B TI Production of the giant magnetocaloric effect Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) magnetic refrigerant materials from commercial gadolinium metal SO RARE EARTHS AND ACTINIDES: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rare Earths and Actinides held during the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TMS ID GD-5(SI2GE2) AB A large scale (kg) process has been developed to prepare the giant magnetocaloric effect Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) alloys using commercially available gadolinium metal (95 to 98 at.% pure). The magnetocaloric properties of these materials can approach that of Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) alloys which have been prepared from high purity Gd metal (99.8 at.% pure). Several obstacles, however, needed to be overcome: finding a crucible materials for reacting the three components and melting the same, the high carbon content impurity, the high melting point (greater than or equal to 1750 degrees C), segregation on solidification due to the incongruent melting, the formation of Ta2Si, and the eutectoid decomposition below 700 degrees C. The process described herein has successfully overcome these difficulties, yielding more than a total of 10 kg of Gd-5(Si2Ge2) with good magnetocaloric properties from individual similar to 1 kg runs. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-470-4 PY 2000 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ52M UT WOS:000088649700007 ER PT B AU Anderson, ML Anderson, IE Foley, JC AF Anderson, ML Anderson, IE Foley, JC BE Bautista, RG Mishra, B TI Gaseous fluorination of metal hydrides SO RARE EARTHS AND ACTINIDES: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rare Earths and Actinides held during the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TMS ID ALLOYS AB Corrosion of the metal hydride electrode in nickel-metal hydride (Ni/MH) rechargeable batteries is a common cause of failure. The primary cause of the corrosion is the interaction with the caustic potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte solution. A method has been developed to react the lanthanum contained within the metal hydride material with nitrogen trifluoride gas (NF3), creating a lanthanum fluoride (LaF3) layer at the surface of the powders. Development of a consistent passivation layer would enable manufacturing of longer lasting Ni/MH batteries. The method used to create this coating and results pertaining to the effect the coating has on the ability of the material to perform as a battery electrode will be described. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, ML (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-470-4 PY 2000 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ52M UT WOS:000088649700010 ER PT B AU Keiser, DD Sinkler, W Abraham, DP Richardson, JW McDeavitt, SM AF Keiser, DD Sinkler, W Abraham, DP Richardson, JW McDeavitt, SM BE Bautista, RG Mishra, B TI The effect of actinides on the microstructural development in a metallic high-level nuclear waste form SO RARE EARTHS AND ACTINIDES: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rare Earths and Actinides held during the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TMS ID STEEL-ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; STAINLESS AB Waste forms to contain material residual from an electrometallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuel have been developed by Argonne National Laboratory. One of these waste forms contains waste stainless steel (SS), fission products that are noble to the process (e.g., Tc, Ru, Pd, Rh), Zr, and actinides. The baseline composition of this metallic waste form is SS-15wt.% Zr. The metallurgy of this baseline alloy has been well characterized. On the other hand, the effects of actinides on the alloy microstructure are not well understood. As a result, SS-Zr alloys with added U, Pu, and/or Np have been cast and then characterized, using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and neutron diffraction, to investigate the microstructural development in SS-Zr alloys that contain actinides. Actinides were found to congregate non-uniformally in a Zr(Fe,Cr,Ni)(2+x) phase. Apparently, the actinides were Zr(Fe,Cr,Ni)(2+x) the observed microstructure to be stable. phase. Heat treatment of an actinide-containing SS-15 wt.% Zr alloy showed the observed microstructure to be stable. C1 Argonne Natl Lab W, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Keiser, DD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab W, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-470-4 PY 2000 BP 111 EP 122 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ52M UT WOS:000088649700011 ER PT B AU Fife, KW Alwin, JL Rockstraw, DA AF Fife, KW Alwin, JL Rockstraw, DA BE Bautista, RG Mishra, B TI Vitrified magnesia dissolution and its impact on plutonium residue processing SO RARE EARTHS AND ACTINIDES: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rare Earths and Actinides held during the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TMS AB Aqueous chloride operations at the Los Alamos Plutonium Facility cannot directly dispose of acidic waste solutions because of compatibility problems with existing disposal lines. Consequently, all hydrochloric acid must be neutralized and filtered prior to exiting the facility. From a waste minimization standpoint, the use of spent magnesia pyrochemical crucibles as the acid neutralization agent is attractive since this would take a stream destined for transuranic waste and use it as a reagent in routine plutonium residue processing. Since Los Alamos National Laboratory has several years of experience using magnesium hydroxide as a neutralizing agent for waste acid from plutonium processing activities, the use of spent magnesia pyrochemical crucibles appeared to be an attractive extension of this activity. In order to be competitive with magnesium hydroxide, however, size reduction of crucible shards had to be performed effectively within the constraints of glovebox operations and acid neutralization time using crucible shards had to be comparable to neutralization times observed when using reagent-grade magnesium hydroxide. The study utilized non-plutonium contaminated crucibles for equipment evaluation and selection and used non-radioactive acid solutions for completing the neutralization experiments. This paper discusses our experience in defining appropriate size reduction equipment and presents our results of using the magnesia crucibles for hydrochloric acid neutralization; a logical precursor to introduction into glovebox enclosures. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Fife, KW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-470-4 PY 2000 BP 123 EP 135 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ52M UT WOS:000088649700012 ER PT B AU Nash, KL AF Nash, KL BE Bautista, RG Mishra, B TI Organophosphorus reagents in actinide separations: Unique tools for production, cleanup and disposal SO RARE EARTHS AND ACTINIDES: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rare Earths and Actinides held during the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TMS ID EXTRACTION; AM(III); EU(III); NITRATE; ACID AB Interactions of actinide ipns with phosphate and organophosphorus reagents have figured prominently in nuclear science and technology, particularly in the hydrometallurgical processing of irradiated nuclear fuel. Actinide interactions with phosphorus-containing species impact all aspects from the stability of naturally occurring actinides in phosphate mineral phases through the application of the bismuth phosyhate and PUREX processes for large-scale production of transuranic elements to the development of analytical separation and environment restoration processes based on new organophosphorus reagents. In this report, an overview of the unique role of organophosphorus compounds in actinide production, disposal, and environment restoration is presented. The broad utility of these reagents and their unique chemical properties is emphasized. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-470-4 PY 2000 BP 149 EP 159 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ52M UT WOS:000088649700014 ER PT B AU Ziock, HJ Butt, DP Lackner, KS Wendt, CH AF Ziock, HJ Butt, DP Lackner, KS Wendt, CH BE Abraham, MA Hesketh, RP TI The need and options available for permanent CO2 disposal SO REACTION ENGINEERING FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Conference on Environmental Reaction Engineering held at the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers Annual Meeting CY 1998 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, N Amer Catalysis Soc AB Inexpensive, readily available energy is the cornerstone of modern society and the basis of a decent standard of living. The high probability of future restrictions on CO2 emissions has put in question the use of fossil fuels, the largest, most convenient, and most cost-effective energy resource available. The rapidly growing world population, the need for an improved standard of living worldwide, and the nearly linear dependence of the standard of living on energy consumption, all coupled with the magnitude of today's CO2 emissions point to an impending crisis. We briefly review the problem and look at the available options. We conclude that for the foreseeable future, fossil fuels will continue to dominate the world energy market, but that CO2 disposal will be required. Of the possible disposal options, mineral sequestration of CO2 appears as an extremely promising, permanent, and environmentally benign disposal option. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ziock, HJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50215-7 PY 2000 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/B978-044450215-5/50077-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BR62T UT WOS:000166979400005 ER PT B AU Bose, AC Plasynski, SI Ness, HM AF Bose, AC Plasynski, SI Ness, HM BE Abraham, MA Hesketh, RP TI Carbon dioxide mitigation via combustion modification: An overview of US Department of Energy's power systems technology R&D program SO REACTION ENGINEERING FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Conference on Environmental Reaction Engineering held at the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers Annual Meeting CY 1998 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, N Amer Catalysis Soc AB The Federal Energy Technology Center of the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsors a wide range of RD&D (research, development, and demonstration) programs to maximize the utilization of vast domestic carbon-based resources while simultaneously responding to global environmental concerns. DOE, in partnership with United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) and Foster Wheeler Development Corporation (FWDC), is focussing on its Combustion 2000 Program aimed at developing a beyond state-of-the-art, inherently low polluting High Performance Power System (HIPPS) for the 21st century. HIPPS represents a new way of burning coal to deliver clean, low-cost electricity. DOE is partnering with an industrial team, led by Air Products and Chemicals Inc., to develop and demonstrate a new air separation technology based on dense ceramic membrane materials that conduct both oxygen ions and electrons through membrane walls. These novel materials can separate oxygen from air at high temperatures and pressures at essentially 100% oxygen selectivities. Air Products calls these materials Ion Transport Membranes (ITM). Availability of lower-cost oxygen would make oxygen-enriched combustion of coal-fired boilers more industrially acceptable and oxygen-blown Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) would be more economically attractive as the next-generation power producing choice. A DOE-industry partnership has quantified the benefits of membrane-derived oxygen integrated with an IGCC plant and currently is doing simulation studies using oxygen-enriched combustion mode for advanced pulverized coal-fired power system configurations. The oxygen-enriched combustion mode would produce CO2-enriched flue gas streams that are easier to handle for subsequent disposal or recycle. This paper reviews two IIIPPS designs, a non-cryogenic oxygen production technology, and discusses on-going research. C1 US Dept Energy, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Bose, AC (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50215-7 PY 2000 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1016/B978-044450215-5/50079-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BR62T UT WOS:000166979400007 ER PT S AU Weiss, JF Landauer, MR AF Weiss, JF Landauer, MR BE Chiueh, CC TI Radioprotection by antioxidants SO REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES: FROM RADIATION TO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: A FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOR OF DANIEL L GILBERT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Reactive Oxygen Species from Radiation to Molecular Biology in honor of Daniel L Gilbert CY JUL 02, 1998 CL NIH, ROS INTEREST GRP, BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP NIH Labs, Oxygen Club HO NIH, ROS INTEREST GRP ID MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; CLASTOGENIC FACTORS; IONIZING-RADIATION; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-E; CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OCIMUM FLAVONOIDS; STRAND BREAKAGE; MICE AB The role of reactive oxygen species in ionizing radiation injury and the potential of antioxidants to reduce these deleterious effects have been studied in animal models for more than 50 years, This review focuses on the radioprotective efficacy and the toxicity in mice of phosphorothioates such as WR-2721 and WR-151327, other thiols, and examples of radioprotective antioxidants from other classes of agents. Naturally occurring antioxidants, such as vitamin E and selenium, are less effective radioprotectors than synthetic thiols but may provide a longer window of protection against lethality and other effects of low dose, low-dose rate exposures. Many natural antioxidants have antimutagenic properties that need further examination with respect to longterm radiation effects. Modulation of endogenous antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, may be useful in specific radiotherapy protocols. Other drugs, such as nimodipine, propranolol, and methylxanthines, have antioxidant properties in addition to their primary pharmacological activity and may have utility as radioprotectors when administered alone or in combination with phosphorothioates. C1 US Dept Energy, Off Int Hlth Programs, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Radiat Casualty Management Team, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Weiss, JF (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Off Int Hlth Programs, EH-63-270CC,19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 100 TC 161 Z9 169 U1 1 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-238-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 899 BP 44 EP 60 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ52C UT WOS:000088609100004 PM 10863528 ER PT S AU Harvey, NR Perkins, S Brumby, SP Theiler, J Porter, RB Young, AC Varghese, AK Szymanski, JJ Bloch, JJ AF Harvey, NR Perkins, S Brumby, SP Theiler, J Porter, RB Young, AC Varghese, AK Szymanski, JJ Bloch, JJ BE Cagnoni, S TI Finding golf courses: The ultra high tech approach SO REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS OF EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Real-World Applications of Evolutionary Computing (EvoWorkshops 2000) CY APR 17, 2000 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Napier Univ, EvoNet AB The search for a suitable golf course is a very important issue in the travel plans of any modern manager. Modern management is also infamous for its penchant for high-tech gadgetry. Here we combine these two facets of modern management life. We aim to provide the cutting-edge manager with a method of finding golf courses from space! In this paper, we present GENIE: a hybrid evolutionary algorithm-based system that tackles the general problem of finding features of interest in multi-spectral remotely-sensed images, including, but not limited to, golf courses. Using this system we are able to successfully locate golf courses in 10-channel satellite images of several desirable US locations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harvey, NR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67353-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1803 BP 54 EP 64 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BQ52U UT WOS:000088652200006 ER PT B AU Bjorken, JD Chen, PS AF Bjorken, JD Chen, PS BE Chen, P Wong, CY TI Supersymmetry and beam dynamics SO RECENT ADVANCES AND CROSS-CENTURY OUTLOOKS IN PHYSICS: INTERPLAY BETWEEN THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Recent Advances and Cross-Century Outlooks in Physics CY MAR 18-20, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Overseas Chinese Phys Assoc, Natl Sci Council, Natl Ctr Theoret Sci ID STOCHASTIC QUANTIZATION AB We report on our initial exploration of possible connections between supersymmetry and accelerator physics. We demonstrate that the longitudinal dynamics of proton and antiproton beams in a proton-antiproton collider storage ring exhibits the property of supersymmetry. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bjorken, JD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4256-5 PY 2000 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BR50W UT WOS:000166689100002 ER PT B AU Wong, KL AF Wong, KL BE Chen, P Wong, CY TI Toroidal Alfven eigenmode experiments in TFTR SO RECENT ADVANCES AND CROSS-CENTURY OUTLOOKS IN PHYSICS: INTERPLAY BETWEEN THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Recent Advances and Cross-Century Outlooks in Physics CY MAR 18-20, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Overseas Chinese Phys Assoc, Natl Sci Council, Natl Ctr Theoret Sci ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; TOKAMAK; EXCITATION; WAVES; INSTABILITY; TURBULENCE; EVOLUTION; PARTICLES; PLASMAS; SHEAR AB In toroidal magnetically confined plasmas, eigenmodes of Alfven waves can be destablized by energetic ions with velocities comparable to the Alfven velocity. With the advent of tokamak experiments in which populations of energetic ions could be introduced by neutral beam injection, radio frequency wave heating or by fusion reactions, major advances have been made in Alfven eigenmode research in the past ten years. After introducing the basic concepts on the Alfven eigenmode instability, data on this subject from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) are briefly described, emphasizing the interplay between experiment and theory. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wong, KL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4256-5 PY 2000 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BR50W UT WOS:000166689100005 ER PT B AU Wang, MJ AF Wang, MJ BE Chen, P Wong, CY TI Is there only top quark? Review of top results SO RECENT ADVANCES AND CROSS-CENTURY OUTLOOKS IN PHYSICS: INTERPLAY BETWEEN THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Recent Advances and Cross-Century Outlooks in Physics CY MAR 18-20, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Overseas Chinese Phys Assoc, Natl Sci Council, Natl Ctr Theoret Sci ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; COLLIDER DETECTOR; T(T)OVER-BAR EVENTS; FERMILAB; COLLISIONS; MASS AB The CDF published top results on counting experiments, cross section measurements (with DD results also), mass measurements, and kinematics are reviewed. Overall speaking, all the measured top properties are consistent with SM top hypothesis within the measurement uncertainties using presnt 110pb(-1) of data. Some aspects of the peculiarities of the top samples are discussed and quantified. There are some event excesses in top counting experiment results. But they are not statistically significant enough due to the limited data size. All the CDF top measured cross section values are found to be consistent with the theoretical calculations within the measurement uncertainties but with higher central values. Some of the peculiar aspects of mass samples and kinematic distribution results are also discussed. C1 Fermilab, CDF, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wang, MJ (reprint author), Fermilab, CDF, MS-318,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4256-5 PY 2000 BP 101 EP 112 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BR50W UT WOS:000166689100008 ER PT B AU Chao, A AF Chao, A BE Chen, P Wong, CY TI Chaos in accelerators SO RECENT ADVANCES AND CROSS-CENTURY OUTLOOKS IN PHYSICS: INTERPLAY BETWEEN THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Recent Advances and Cross-Century Outlooks in Physics CY MAR 18-20, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Overseas Chinese Phys Assoc, Natl Sci Council, Natl Ctr Theoret Sci AB Chaos is a general phenomenon in nonlinear dynamical systems. Accelerators storage rings in particular - in which particles are stored for 10(10) revolutions constitute a particularly intricate nonlinear dynamical system. (In comparison, the earth has revolved around the sun for only 10(9) turns.) Storage rings therefore provide an ideal testing ground for chaos physics. In fact, it is the chaos phenomenon that imposes one of the key design criteria for these accelerators. One might arguably say that the demise of the Superconducting Super Collider project originated from a misjudgement in its chaos analysis at one point along its design path, leading to its first substantial cost escalation. This talk gives an elementary introduction to the study of chaos in accelerators. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chao, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4256-5 PY 2000 BP 307 EP 317 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BR50W UT WOS:000166689100025 ER PT B AU Hsiung, YB AF Hsiung, YB BE Chen, P Wong, CY TI Observation of direct-CP violation SO RECENT ADVANCES AND CROSS-CENTURY OUTLOOKS IN PHYSICS: INTERPLAY BETWEEN THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Recent Advances and Cross-Century Outlooks in Physics CY MAR 18-20, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Overseas Chinese Phys Assoc, Natl Sci Council, Natl Ctr Theoret Sci ID NEUTRAL-KAON; DECAYS; DETECTOR AB Using a subset of data collected in the 1996-97 fixed target run at Fermilab, we report the first preliminary measurement on the direct-CP violation from the KTeV experiment. The result is, epsilon'/epsilon = (28.0 +/- 4.1) x 10(-4), nearly 7 standard deviations above zero obtained by a blind analysis. This establishes the long-sought "direct-CP violation" effect in the two-pion system of neutral kaon decays. The experimental technique, data analysis and systematic checks for this measurement are discussed and the comparison with other measurements is also presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM hsiung@fnal.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4256-5 PY 2000 BP 427 EP 438 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BR50W UT WOS:000166689100034 ER PT S AU Geist, A AF Geist, A BE Dongarra, JJ Kacsuk, P Podhorszki, N TI PVM and MPI: What else is needed for cluster computing? SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European PVM/MPI Users Group Meeting CY SEP 10-13, 2000 CL BALATONFURED, HUNGARY AB As we start the new millennium, let us first look back over the previous ten years of PVM use (and five years of MPI use) and explore how parallel computing has evolved from Crays and networks of workstations to Commodity-off-the-shelf (COTS) clusters. During this evolution, schedulers, monitors, and resource managers were added on top of PVM and MPI. This talk looks forward and predicts what software besides PVM and MPI will be needed to effectively exploit the cluster computing of the next ten years. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geist, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41010-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1908 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT08K UT WOS:000171904500001 ER PT S AU Lusk, E AF Lusk, E BE Dongarra, JJ Kacsuk, P Podhorszki, N TI Isolating and interfacing the components of a parallel computing environment SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European PVM/MPI Users Group Meeting CY SEP 10-13, 2000 CL BALATONFURED, HUNGARY AB A message-passing library interface like MPI or PVM is only one interface between only two components the complete environment seen be the user of a parallel system. Here we discuss a larger set of components and draw attention to the usefulness of considering them separately. Such an approach causes us to focus on the interfaces among such components. Our primary motivation is the efficient use of large clusters to run MPI programs, and we describe current efforts by our group at Argonne to address some of the interface issues that arise in this context. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lusk, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41010-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1908 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT08K UT WOS:000171904500003 ER PT S AU Gropp, WD AF Gropp, WD BE Dongarra, JJ Kacsuk, P Podhorszki, N TI Runtime checking of datatype signatures in MPI SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European PVM/MPI Users Group Meeting CY SEP 10-13, 2000 CL BALATONFURED, HUNGARY AB The MPI standard provides a way to send and receive complex combinations of datatypes (e.g., integers and doubles) with a single communication operation. The MPI standard specifies that the type signature, that is, the basic datatypes (language-defined types such as int or DOUBLE PRECISION), must match in communication operations such as send/receive or broadcast. Because datatypes may be defined by the user in MPI, there is a limitless collection of possible type signatures. Detecting the programmer error of mismatched datatypes is difficult in this case; detecting all errors essentially requires sending a complete description of the type signature with a message. This paper discusses an alternative: send the value of a function of the type signature so that (a) identical type signatures always give the same function value, (b) different type signatures often give different values, and (c) common cases (e.g., predefined datatypes) are handled exactly. Thus, erroneous programs are often (but not always) detected; correct programs never axe flagged as erroneous. The method described is relatively inexpensive to compute and uses a small (and fixed, independent of the complexity of the datatype) amount of space in the message envelope. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gropp, WD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41010-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1908 BP 160 EP 167 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT08K UT WOS:000171904500024 ER PT S AU Butler, R Gropp, W Lusk, E AF Butler, R Gropp, W Lusk, E BE Dongarra, JJ Kacsuk, P Podhorszki, N TI A scalable process-management environment for parallel programs SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VIRTUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European PVM/MPI Users Group Meeting CY SEP 10-13, 2000 CL BALATONFURED, HUNGARY ID CLUSTERS AB We present a process management system for parallel programs such as those written using MPI. A primary goal of the system, which we call MPD (for multipurpose daemon), is to be scalable. By this we mean that startup of interactive parallel jobs comprising a thousand processes is quick, that signals can be quickly delivered to processes, and that stdin, stdout, and stderr axe managed intuitively. Our primary target is parallel machines made up of clusters of SMPs, but the system is also useful in more tightly integrated environments. We describe how MPD enables much faster startup and better runtime management of MPICH jobs. We show how close control of stdio can support the easy implementation of a number of convenient system utilities, even a parallel debugger. MPD is implemented and freely distributed with MPICH. C1 Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Butler, R (reprint author), Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41010-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1908 BP 168 EP 175 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT08K UT WOS:000171904500025 ER PT S AU Stach, EA Dahmen, U Nix, WD AF Stach, EA Dahmen, U Nix, WD BE Yeadon, M Chiang, S Farrow, RFC Evans, JW Auciello, O TI Real time observations of dislocation-mediated plasticity in the epitaxial Al(011)/Si(100) thin film system SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN OXIDE AND METAL EPITAXY-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Recent Developments in Oxide and Metal Epitaxy-Theory and Experiment CY APR 23-26, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP US DOE, Ames Lab, US DOE Basic Engery Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, IBM Almaden Res Ctr, Inst Mat Res & Engn ID GROWTH AB Despite numerous theoretical and experimental studies of strain relaxation in metal films on silicon substrates, the exact mechanisms by which dislocations mediate plasticity in these structures are not well understood. To elucidate these mechanisms, we present results from in-situ transmission electron microscopy annealing of thin aluminum films grown on Si (100). As a model system, we have chosen to focus on aluminum films which contain two (011) epitaxial variants with respect to the silicon substrate. In this paper we discuss our observations of the glide and climb behavior of dislocations in these structures during thermal cycling. These observations give qualitative insight into the mechanisms by which dislocation motion accommodates thermally induced strains in thin metal films. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stach, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-527-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 619 BP 27 EP 34 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR97M UT WOS:000168247300003 ER PT S AU Bartelt, MC AF Bartelt, MC BE Yeadon, M Chiang, S Farrow, RFC Evans, JW Auciello, O TI Spatial correlations in growing films SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN OXIDE AND METAL EPITAXY-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Recent Developments in Oxide and Metal Epitaxy-Theory and Experiment CY APR 23-26, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP US DOE, Ames Lab, US DOE Basic Engery Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, IBM Almaden Res Ctr, Inst Mat Res & Engn ID ISLAND FORMATION; ADATOM CAPTURE; 1ST STAGES; DEPOSITION; EPITAXY; GROWTH; DISTRIBUTIONS; HOMOEPITAXY; AG/AG(100); SEPARATION AB Detailed analyses of non-equilibrium lattice-gas models of island nucleation and growth during film deposition (or etching) have been invaluable in elucidating basic issues in nucleation theory, deviations from mean-field predictions, and experimental observations, particularly interesting and useful is the behavior of spatial correlations in the adlayer which develop during island (or pit) formation. In particular, a strong depletion in the population of island pairs at separations smaller than the average follows from depletion in the density of diffusing adspecies near islands. This feature delays percolation of clusters of coalesced islands. Another recently discovered and more subtle feature is a strong correlation between the width of the island-free region surrounding an island and the size and growth rate of that island. This direct correlation between island sizes and separations controls the shape of the island size distribution. If incorporated into rate-equation descriptions, it recovers the exact form of the scaling function for the island size distribution. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bartelt, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-527-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 619 BP 35 EP 48 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR97M UT WOS:000168247300004 ER PT S AU Liu, DJ Choi, CH Gordon, MS Evans, JW AF Liu, DJ Choi, CH Gordon, MS Evans, JW BE Yeadon, M Chiang, S Farrow, RFC Evans, JW Auciello, O TI Modeling of the transition from active to passive oxidation of Si(100) SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN OXIDE AND METAL EPITAXY-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Recent Developments in Oxide and Metal Epitaxy-Theory and Experiment CY APR 23-26, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP US DOE, Ames Lab, US DOE Basic Engery Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, IBM Almaden Res Ctr, Inst Mat Res & Engn ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI(001) SURFACE; ATOMIC OXYGEN; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; DECOMPOSITION; SI(111); CLUSTER AB For a Si(100)2x1 surface exposed to oxygen, there is a transition from etching ("active" oxidation via removal of SiO) to "passive" oxidation (buildup of an oxide film) with decreasing surface temperature. The transition depends sensitively on a competition between SiO desorption, and oxide island formation. We analyze these processes utilizing both ab-initio quantum chemistry studies of key energetics and lattice-gas models for the cooperative behavior. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-527-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 619 BP 173 EP 178 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR97M UT WOS:000168247300022 ER PT S AU Dunning, TH Peterson, KA van Mourik, T AF Dunning, TH Peterson, KA van Mourik, T BE Xantheas, SS TI Computational modeling of hydrogen-bonded molecules. Considerations for electronic structure calculations SO RECENT THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ADVANCES IN HYDROGEN BONDED CLUSTERS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Recent Theoretical and Experimental Advances in Hydrogen Bonded Clusters CY JUN 22-JUL 04, 1997 CL ELOUNDA, GREECE SP NATO ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TOTAL ATOMIZATION ENERGIES; PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; COUPLED-CLUSTER APPROACH; CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; FULL CCSDT MODEL; AB-INITIO; WAVE-FUNCTIONS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dunning, TH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 118 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 0-7923-6703-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2000 VL 561 BP 45 EP 68 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BR92X UT WOS:000168052300004 ER PT B AU Xantheas, SS AF Xantheas, SS BE Xantheas, SS TI Cooperative effects in water clusters SO RECENT THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ADVANCES IN HYDROGEN BONDED CLUSTERS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Recent Theoretical and Experimental Advances in Hydrogen Bonded Clusters CY JUN 22-JUL 04, 1997 CL ELOUNDA, GREECE SP NATO ID AB-INITIO; INTERACTION ENERGY; HYDROGEN-BOND; TRIMER; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; TERMS; POLARIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ABINITIO C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Xantheas, SS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, 906 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MS K1-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6703-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2000 VL 561 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BR92X UT WOS:000168052300010 ER PT S AU Lavenier, D Theiler, J Szymanski, J Gokhale, M Frigo, J AF Lavenier, D Theiler, J Szymanski, J Gokhale, M Frigo, J BE Schewel, J Athanas, PM Dick, CH McHenry, JT TI FPGA implementation of the Pixel Purity Index algorithm SO RECONFIGURABLE TECHNOLOGY: FPGAS FOR COMPUTING AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reconfigurable Technology: FPGAs for Computing and Applications II CY NOV 07-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; dot-product; Pixel Purity; FPGA; streams-c; high level synthesis AB The Pixel Purity Index: (PPI) is an algorithm employed in remote sensing for analyzing hyperspectral images. Particularly for low-resolution imagery, a single pixel usually covers several different materials, and its observed spectrum is (to a good approximation) a linear combination of a few pure spectral shapes. The PPI algorithm tries to identify these pure spectra by assigning a pixel purity index to each pixel in the image; the spectra for those pixels with a high index value are candidates for basis elements in the image decomposition. The PPT algorithm is extremely time consuming but is a good candidate for parallel hardware implementation due to its high volume of independent dot-product calculations. This article presents two parallel architectures we have developed and implemented on the Wildforce board. The first one is based on bit-serial arithmetic operators and the second deals with standard operators. Speed-up factors of up to 80 have been measured for these hand-coded architectures. In addition,the second version has been synthesized with the Streams-C compiler. The compiler translates a high level algorithm expressed in a parallel C extension into synthesizable VHDL. This comparison provides an interesting way of estimating the tradeoff between a traditional approach which tailors the design to get optimal performance and a fully automatic approach which aims to generate a correct design in minimal time. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lavenier, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3877-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4212 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.402525 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR68Y UT WOS:000167161400004 ER PT S AU Love, SP Goff, F Schmidt, SC Counce, D Pettit, D Christenson, BW Siebe, C AF Love, SP Goff, F Schmidt, SC Counce, D Pettit, D Christenson, BW Siebe, C BE MouginisMark, PJ Crisp, JA Fink, JH TI Passive infrared spectroscopic remote sensing of volcanic gases: Ground-based studies at White Island and Ruapehu, New Zealand, and Popocatepetl, Mexico SO REMOTE SENSING OF ACTIVE VOLCANISM SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; SPECTRAL RADIOMETER; KILAUEA VOLCANO; GALERAS-VOLCANO; SO2; CHEMISTRY; ERUPTION; SPECTROMETER; EVOLUTION; VULCANO AB Gaseous volcanic emissions provide important insights on volcanic processes and may aid in predicting eruptive activity, but traditional in situ measurements are prohibitively dangerous at many volcanoes. Here we describe techniques for remotely measuring volcanic gas composition, at ranges up to tens of kilometers, using ground-based passive infrared spectroscopy. The principles of passive infrared spectroscopic remote sensing are discussed, and the effects of thermal contrast on the detectability of gases in various viewing geometries are quantitatively examined. This examination reveals that, for ground-based measurements, a sky background usually provides the best results. Our initial remote sensing campaign (April-May, 1996) at the White Island and Ruapehu volcanoes in New Zealand, combining passive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with traditional COSPEC and direct sampling measurements, confirmed this and demonstrated spectroscopic detection of SO2, H2O and HCl at ranges of up to 6 km, with good agreement between FTIR-derived and direct sampling based gas ratios. In measurement campaigns at Mexico's Popocatepetl volcano (February 1997 and February 1998), we monitored variations of SO2, SiF4, HCl, and HF, and extended the range of sky-background passive infrared techniques to over 17 km. In the highest temporal resolution study to date of short-term compositional variations associated with an explosive eruption (25-26 February 1997), we observed a steady increase in SiF4/SO2 over several days preceding the eruption, followed by a tenfold decrease in this ratio over a few hours immediately afterwards, a signature suggesting an adiabatic expansion prior to and during a gas-driven explosion. We examine the ultimate range limits of ground-based passive FTIR spectroscopy and possible future extensions to imaging and airborne instruments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp NIS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Love, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp NIS2, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 67 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-099-2 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2000 VL 116 BP 117 EP 138 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BS62N UT WOS:000170596800008 ER PT S AU Chu, SP Elliott, S AF Chu, SP Elliott, S BE Bostater, CR Santoleri, R TI Eddy resolving nutrient ecodynamics in the global Parallel Ocean Program and connections with trace gases in the sulfur, halogen and NMHC cycles SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEAN AND SEA ICE 2000 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice 2000 CY SEP 28-29, 2000 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP European Opt Soc, SPIE, NASA DE marine ecodynamics; gas chemistry; sulfur cycle; organohalogen cycle; global simulation; high resolution ID CARBONYL SULFIDE; CIRCULATION MODEL; NATURAL-WATERS; METHYL HALIDES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; RATES; DIMETHYLSULFIDE; ATMOSPHERE; SEAWATER; MARINE AB Ecodynamics and the sea-air transfer of climate relevant trace gases are intimately coupled in the oceanic mixed layer. Ventilation of species such as dimethyl sulfide and methyl bromide constitutes a key linkage within the earth system. We are creating a research tool for the study of marine trace gas distributions by implementing coupled ecology-gas chemistry in the high resolution Parallel Ocean Program (POP). The fundamental circulation model is eddy resolving, with cell sizes averaging 0.15 degree (lat/long). Here we describe ecochemistry integration. Density dependent mortality and iron geochemistry have enhanced agreement with chlorophyll measurements. Indications are that dimethyl sulfide production rates must be adjusted for latitude dependence to match recent compilations. This may reflect the need for phytoplankton to conserve nitrogen by favoring sulfurous osmolytes. Global simulations are also available for carbonyl sulfide, the methyl halides and for nonmethane hydrocarbons. We discuss future applications including interaction with atmospheric chemistry models, high resolution biogeochemical snapshots and the study of open ocean fertilization. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chu, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3828-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4172 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.411691 PG 6 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BR86N UT WOS:000167874000011 ER PT J AU Rannels, JE AF Rannels, JE TI Advancements in the United States Photovoltaic Program SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE technological advancements; national programs AB The major trends in PV technologies, applications and markets show promise for the future of renewable energy. The 30% growth projected for PV shipments in 1998 appears sustainable if current trends in new markets and applications reinforce and accelerate improvements in PV costs and performance. Through established partnerships and programs, R&D continues to focus on improving efficiency of solar energy systems, increasing manufacturing capability, reducing solar energy systems costs, enhancing reliability and flexibility of PV products, and producing innovations in thin-films and other emerging PV technologies. Continued research and market development in the US and other nations will advance quality and performance standards, and reduce the overall price of PV systems, laying the foundation for large-scale market expansion worldwide. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Off Photovolta & Wind Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Rannels, JE (reprint author), US DOE, Off Photovolta & Wind Technol, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0960-1481(99)00019-1 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 242LN UT WOS:000082942700010 ER PT S AU Bollen, J Rocha, LM AF Bollen, J Rocha, LM BE Borbinha, J Baker, T TI An adaptive systems approach to the implementation and evaluation of digital library recommendation systems SO RESEARCH AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (ECDL 2000) CY SEP 18-20, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL SP Natl Lib Portugal, Univ Tech Lisbon, Inst Superior Tecn AB The focus for information retrieval systems in digital libraries has shifted from passive repositories of information to recommendation systems that actively participate in retrieving useful information, and can furthermore learn from the retrieval behavior of users. We propose a novel evaluation methodology for such systems based on the concepts of shared knowledge structures, and system development reliability and validity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Res & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bollen, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Res & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Rocha, Luis/0000-0001-9402-887X NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41023-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1923 BP 356 EP 359 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS85A UT WOS:000171225100039 ER PT J AU Van den Abeele, KEA Johnson, PA Sutin, A AF Van den Abeele, KEA Johnson, PA Sutin, A TI Nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS) techniques to discern material damage, part I: Nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy (NWMS) SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION AB The level of nonlinearity in the elastic response of materials containing structural damage is far greater than in materials with no structural damage. This is the basis for nonlinear wave diagnostics of damage, methods which are remarkably sensitive to the detection and progression of damage in materials. Nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy (NWMS) is one exemplary method in this class of dynamic nondestructive evaluation techniques. The method focuses on the application of harmonics and sum and difference frequency to discern damage in materials. It consists of exciting a sample with continuous waves of two separate frequencies simultaneously, and inspecting the harmonics of the two waves, and their sum and difference frequencies (sidebands). Undamaged materials are essentially linear in their response to the two waves, while the same material, when damaged, becomes highly nonlinear, manifested by harmonics and sideband generation. We illustrate the method by experiments on uncracked and cracked Plexiglas and sandstone samples, and by applying it to intact and damaged engine components. C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Bldg Phys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Van den Abeele, KEA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Bldg Phys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. NR 31 TC 276 Z9 277 U1 8 U2 30 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 297MY UT WOS:000086087700002 ER PT J AU Van den Abeele, KEA Carmeliet, J Ten Cate, JA Johnson, PA AF Van den Abeele, KEA Carmeliet, J Ten Cate, JA Johnson, PA TI Nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS) techniques to discern material damage, Part II: Single-mode nonlinear resonance acoustic spectroscopy SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB The presence of mesoscopic features and damage in quasi-brittle materials causes significant second-order and nonlinear effects on the acoustic wave propagation characteristics. In order to quantify the influence of such micro-inhomogeneities, a new and promising tool for nondestructive material testing has been developed and applied in the field of damage detection. The technique focuses on the acoustic nonlinear (i.e., amplitude-dependent) response of one of the material's resonance modes when driven at relatively small wave amplitudes. The method is termed single-mode nonlinear resonance acoustic spectroscopy (SIMONRAS). The behavior of damaged materials is manifested by amplitude dependent resonance frequency shifts, harmonic generation, and nonlinear attenuation. We illustrate the method by experiments on artificial slate tiles used in roofing construction. The sensitivity of this method to discern material damage is far greater than that of linear acoustic methods. C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Bldg Phys, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Van den Abeele, KEA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Bldg Phys, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. NR 17 TC 167 Z9 167 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 297MY UT WOS:000086087700003 ER PT J AU Worrell, E AF Worrell, E TI Untitled SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Worrell, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, EAP-MS 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 267VG UT WOS:000084379500001 ER PT S AU Doctor, SR Moffitt, RL Taylor, TT Trosman, G AF Doctor, SR Moffitt, RL Taylor, TT Trosman, G BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Improved nuclear safety through international standards SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr ID AUSTENITIC STEEL WELDMENTS; TO-CAST CAPABILITY; PISC; WROUGHT AB In this shrinking world, what happens in an industry in one country can significantly affect the same industry elsewhere around the globe. In April 1986, a nuclear accident destroyed Unit 4 of Ukraine's Chornobyl nuclear power plant, focusing worldwide attention on the dozens of Soviet-designed reactors in operation. The Chornobyl accident led to public concerns about all operating nuclear power plants and, in some countries (e.g., Italy and Sweden), to proposals for nationwide plant closures or moratoriums on new construction. However, for most former Soviet Union countries, plant shutdown was and still is nota viable option-the plants produce a significant percentage of each nation's total electricity, and those countries currently do not have sufficient economic resources to 'develop alternative power sources. In cooperation with similar programs initiated in Canada, Japan, and western European countries, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is conducting a comprehensive effort to reduce risks at Soviet-designed nuclear power plants until they can be shut down or brought into compliance with international standards. This paper will describe only those portions of the DOE-supported initiatives with participating host countries to 1) improve reliability and accuracy of nondestructive evaluation equipment used for inservice inspection; 2) transfer technologies and infrastructure to improve inservice inspections; and 3) enhance management systems for training and certifying host-country inservice inspection personnel. The goal of these initiatives is to increase the use of international standards (published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, European Standards EN, and International Organization for Standardization) in operational and regulatory practices at Soviet-designed nuclear power plants. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doctor, SR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 25 EP 38 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700003 ER PT S AU Walter, JB Telschow, KL Gerhardstein, JP Pufahl, BM Habeger, CC Lafond, EM Brodeur, PH AF Walter, JB Telschow, KL Gerhardstein, JP Pufahl, BM Habeger, CC Lafond, EM Brodeur, PH BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Fabry-Perot laser ultrasonic elastic anisotropy measurements on a moving paper web SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr ID LAMB WAVES; THICKNESS DIRECTION; GENERATION; VELOCITIES; CONSTANTS C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Walter, JB (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 247 EP 254 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700030 ER PT S AU Deason, VA Telschow, KL Schley, RS Watson, SM AF Deason, VA Telschow, KL Schley, RS Watson, SM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Imaging the anisotropic elastic properties of paper with the INEEL laser ultrasonic camera SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Deason, VA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Schley, Robert/B-9124-2017 OI Schley, Robert/0000-0001-8907-6535 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 255 EP 261 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700031 ER PT S AU Garcia, VJ Clatterbuck, D Lo, CCH Johnson, MJ Jiles, DC AF Garcia, VJ Clatterbuck, D Lo, CCH Johnson, MJ Jiles, DC BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Dynamical assessment of magnetic Barkhausen signals SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr ID METALLIC FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS; DOMAIN-WALL DYNAMICS C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Garcia, VJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 781 EP 788 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700100 ER PT S AU Huber, RD Candy, JV Chambers, DH AF Huber, RD Candy, JV Chambers, DH BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Processing of laser-based ultrasound for matched-field imaging SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94526 USA. RP Huber, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-333, Livermore, CA 94526 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 859 EP 863 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700111 ER PT S AU Neau, G Hopkins, D Nakagawa, S Nihei, K AF Neau, G Hopkins, D Nakagawa, S Nihei, K BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Complications of using resonance-frequency shifts to detect defects in adhesive joints SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neau, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 46A-1123,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 1285 EP 1292 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700165 ER PT S AU TenCate, JA Smith, E Byers, LW Michel, AS AF TenCate, JA Smith, E Byers, LW Michel, AS BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Nonlinear resonant ultrasound for damage detection SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Seism Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP TenCate, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Seism Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 1387 EP 1392 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700178 ER PT S AU Barnard, DJ Foley, JC AF Barnard, DJ Foley, JC BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Acoustic harmonic generation measurement applications: Detection of tight cracks in powder metallurgy compacts SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr ID INCONEL-718 C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barnard, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 1401 EP 1408 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700180 ER PT S AU Clatterbuck, DM Garcia, VJ Johnson, MJ Jiles, DC AF Clatterbuck, DM Garcia, VJ Johnson, MJ Jiles, DC BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Modeling of the magnetic Barkhausen effect SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr ID METALLIC FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS; DOMAIN-WALL DYNAMICS; HYSTERESIS C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Clatterbuck, DM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 1533 EP 1540 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700197 ER PT S AU Liu, GZ Rehbein, DK Foley, JC Thompson, RB AF Liu, GZ Rehbein, DK Foley, JC Thompson, RB BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Ultrasonic monitoring of texture in aluminum alloy during annealing SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, GZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 1653 EP 1660 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700212 ER PT S AU Rehbein, DK Foley, JC Osborne, MG Lograsso, BK AF Rehbein, DK Foley, JC Osborne, MG Lograsso, BK BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI In-process monitoring of powder metal component production SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 19A AND 19B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Iowa State Univ, Ctr NDE, Ind Mat Inst, Natl Res Council Canada, US DOE, Ames Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NASA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fed Aviat Adm, Natl Sci Fdn Ind, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rehbein, DK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-930-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 509 BP 1825 EP 1832 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ87X UT WOS:000089913700234 ER PT J AU Koehler, CF Larese, JZ AF Koehler, CF Larese, JZ TI Cryostat insert with gas loading capabilities for use in neutron diffraction studies SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We describe a versatile insert for use with the "Standard Orange cryostat" commonly found at neutron scattering facilities worldwide. Its design permits condensable gases to be introduced into a low-temperature sample cell through a vacuum-insulated, fill-line capillary. It also allows the top-flange-to-sample-cell distance to be easily adjusted and provides for auxillary heating of the fill-line capillary. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(00)00801-7]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Koehler, CF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 324 EP 325 DI 10.1063/1.1150202 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 278PY UT WOS:000084999200057 ER PT S AU Curtiss, LA Redfern, PC Frurip, DJ AF Curtiss, LA Redfern, PC Frurip, DJ BE Lipkowitz, KB Boyd, DB TI Theoretical methods for computing enthalpies of formation of gaseous compounds SO REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 15 SE REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; ZERO-POINT ENERGIES; ATOMS GA-KR; G2 TEST SET; PERTURBATION-THEORY; MOLLER-PLESSET C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60515 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60515 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Analyt Sci Lab, Midland, MI 48667 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60515 USA. NR 180 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-VCH, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1069-3599 BN 0-471-36168-2 J9 REV COMP CH JI Rev. Comput. Chem. PY 2000 VL 15 BP 147 EP 211 DI 10.1002/9780470125922.ch3 PG 65 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BQ68J UT WOS:000089180300003 ER PT J AU Raubenheimer, TO Zimmermann, F AF Raubenheimer, TO Zimmermann, F TI Final-focus systems in linear colliders SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA LENS; DISRUPTION; COLLISIONS; LUMINOSITY AB In colliding-beam facilities, the "final-focus system" must demagnify the beams to attain the very small spot sizes required at the interaction points. The first final-focus system with local chromatic correction was developed for the Stanford Linear Collider, where very large demagnifications were desired. This same conceptual design has been adopted by all of the future linear collider designs as well as the Superconducting Super Collider, the Stanford and KEK B Factories, and the proposed Muon Collider. In this paper, the overall layout, physics constraints, and optimization techniques relevant to the design of final-focus systems for high-energy electron-positron linear colliders are reviewed. Finally, advanced concepts to avoid some of the limitations of these systems are discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Raubenheimer, TO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 72 IS 1 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.72.95 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 291UB UT WOS:000085753700004 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Derzon, MS Matzen, MK AF Ryutov, DD Derzon, MS Matzen, MK TI The physics of fast Z pinches SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; ARRAY Z-PINCH; HYBRID-DRIFT INSTABILITY; PUFF Z-PINCH; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DENSITY Z-PINCHES; ULTRAHIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FIBER Z-PINCH; X-RAY POWER; DRIVEN CYLINDRICAL IMPLOSIONS AB The spectacular progress made during the last few years in reaching high energy densities in fast implosions of annular current sheaths (fast Z pinches) opens new possibilities for a broad spectrum of experiments, from x-ray generation to controlled thermonuclear fusion and astrophysics. At present Z pinches are the most intense laboratory x-ray sources (1.8 MJ in 5 ns from a volume 2 mm in diameter and 2 cm tall). Powers in excess of 200 TW have been obtained. This warrants summarizing the present knowledge of physics that governs the behavior of radiating, current-carrying plasma in fast Z pinches. This survey covers essentially all aspects of the physics of fast Z pinches: initiation, instabilities of the early stage, magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the implosion phase, formation of a transient quasiequilibrium near the stagnation point, and rebound. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of hydrodynamic instabilities governing the implosion symmetry. Possible ways of mitigating these instabilities are discussed. Nonmagnetohydrodynamic effects (anomalous resistivity, generation of particle beams, etc.) are summarized. Various applications of fast Z pinches are briefly described. Scaling laws governing development of more powerful Z pinches are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 328 TC 354 Z9 382 U1 7 U2 50 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 72 IS 1 BP 167 EP 223 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.72.167 PG 57 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 291UB UT WOS:000085753700006 ER PT J AU Gentzler, M Song, YQ Muller, SJ Reimer, JA AF Gentzler, M Song, YQ Muller, SJ Reimer, JA TI Quantitative NMR velocity imaging of a main-chain liquid crystalline polymer flowing through an abrupt contraction SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE contraction flow; NMR velocity imaging; liquid crystalline polymer ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; HYDROXYPROPYLCELLULOSE SOLUTION; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; VISUALIZATION; RHEOMETRY; (HYDROXYPROPYL)CELLULOSE; SUSPENSIONS; TRANSIENT AB The flow of isotropic and liquid crystalline (LC) hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) aqueous solutions into an abrupt axisymmetric contraction has been quantitatively measured by pulsed-field-gradient NMR techniques. Steady-state axial velocity profiles, acquired upstream of the contraction, reveal a large contraction entry length for the LC solution. This entry flow field exists over an order of magnitude change in flow rate and is attributed to elasticity that is associated with polydomain liquid crystallinity. Pronounced, off-centerline velocity maxima (in an axisymmetric flow field) were present upstream of the contraction, in the entry flow region. Apparently, a more viscous and elastic core of fluid was present along the centerline; this fluid resisted elongational strain more than the fluid closer to the walls. Quantitative velocity profiles were extracted from displacement distributions and corrected for elongational dispersion. The isotropic solution velocity profiles matched those obtained from viscoelastic simulations using an approximate Doi-Edwards model, parameterized with independent rheological data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muller, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0035-4511 J9 RHEOL ACTA JI Rheol. Acta PD JAN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s003970050001 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 277PX UT WOS:000084942900001 ER PT B AU Ridley, M Ottesen, P Arsenault, M Legg, M AF Ridley, M Ottesen, P Arsenault, M Legg, M BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Kelley, ME Nehring, KW TI Internet data access tools: Integrated use of environmental data management SO RISK, REGULATORY, AND MONITORING CONSIDERATIONS: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB Environmental investigations result in large quantities of data. The value of these data lies in their interpretation and use by project staff, management, and the regulatory community. Traditional modes of data access can be frustrating and time-consuming. Software tools that join networking technology of the World Wide Web (WWW) with database access have decreased labor-intensive overhead in site characterization and monitoring, thus increasing the efficiency of the remediation process at restoration sites. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ridley, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-095-0 PY 2000 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65P UT WOS:000167101600015 ER PT B AU Sturchio, NC Heraty, L Holt, BD Huang, L Abrajano, T Smith, G AF Sturchio, NC Heraty, L Holt, BD Huang, L Abrajano, T Smith, G BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Kelley, ME Nehring, KW TI Stable isotope diagnostics of chlorinated solvent behavior in contaminated aquifers SO RISK, REGULATORY, AND MONITORING CONSIDERATIONS: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; DEHALOGENATION AB The authors have explored applications of stable isotope ratio measurements of carbon (C) and chlorine (Cl) to understand the environmental behavior of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAH). We developed methods for isotopic analysis of CAH in environmental samples, and applied these to (1) laboratory vapor-liquid partitioning and microbial degradation studies of CAH and (2) field studies of CAH-contaminated aquifers where natural attenuation and/or engineered remediation of CAH has occurred. Residual CAH during evaporation generally become depleted in C-13 and enriched in Cl-37; in contrast, residual CAH during microbial degradation become enriched in both C-13 and Cl-37. In field studies of the bulk CAH isotopic compositions in TCE-contaminated aquifers, large variations of delta C-13 (> 15 parts per thousand) and delta Cl-37 (>7%) were observed. These variations in the bulk CAH could be correlated with the effects of biodegradation, volatilization (that occurring naturally and that caused by steam injection), and solubilization (accompanying six-phase heating). The results of these studies demonstrate the value of combined C and Cl stable isotope ratio measurements for site characterization, monitoring, and evaluation of natural attenuation and engineered remediation of CAH. Further experimental work is needed to elucidate isotope effects of C and Cl (along with H) during biotic and abiotic transformations of CAH. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-095-0 PY 2000 BP 149 EP 156 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65P UT WOS:000167101600020 ER PT B AU West, GB Brown, JH Enquist, BJ AF West, GB Brown, JH Enquist, BJ BE Brown, JH West, GB TI The origin of universal scaling laws in biology SO SCALING IN BIOLOGY SE SANTA FE INSTITUTE STUDIES IN THE SCIENCES OF COMPLEXITY - PROCEEDINGS VOLUMES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Scaling in Biology: From Organisms to Ecosystems CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL SANTA FE INST, SANTA FE, NM HO SANTA FE INST ID DESIGN; ARCHITECTURE; SIMILARITY; DIMENSIONS; MAMMALS; SYSTEMS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-8 Mail Stop B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gbw@lanl.gov; jhbrown@unm.edu; benquist@unm.edu NR 46 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-19-513142-8; 0-19-513141-X J9 SFI S SCI C PY 2000 BP 87 EP 112 PG 26 WC Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ53W UT WOS:000088694500006 ER PT S AU Emory, SR Keller, RA AF Emory, SR Keller, RA BE Nie, S Tamiya, E Yeung, ES TI Towards efficient detection and identification of single biomolecules by surface-enhanced Raman scattering SO SCANNING AND FORCE MICROSCOPIES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Scanning and Force Microscopies for Biomedical Applications CY JAN 23-24, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); nanoparticles; single-molecule detection (SMD); single-molecule spectroscopy ID NUCLEIC-ACID BASES; SILVER ELECTRODE; METAL NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULE DETECTION; SPECTROSCOPY; SERS; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; PYRIDINE; SPECTRA AB Advances in ultrasensitive instrumentation have allowed the detection of single fluorescent molecules in solution, on dielectric surfaces, and in low-temperature solids. However, these studies are limited by the requirement of a high fluorescence quantum yield and do not often provide sufficient spectroscopic information for identification. These problems are addressed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) which provides highly resolved vibrational information, does not suffer from rapid photobleaching, and eliminates the need for fluorescent tagging of nonfluorescent species. Recent studies of single silver nanoparticles reveal intrinsic enhancement factors as large as 10(15). These giant enhancement factors allow single-molecule SERS spectra to be obtained using visible or near-IR excitation. The detection efficiency of experiments using visible excitation (lambda(ex) = 514.5 nm) has thus far been relatively low (<10%). Approaches to detecting single labeled and unlabeled biomolecules and to increasing the overall detection efficiency of single-molecule SERS with visible excitation are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keller, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM semory@telomere.lanl.gov; keller@lanl.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3538-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3922 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.383358 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics GA BQ27U UT WOS:000087779800005 ER PT S AU Shortreed, MR Li, HL Yeung, ES AF Shortreed, MR Li, HL Yeung, ES BE Nie, S Tamiya, E Yeung, ES TI High throughput single-molecule DNA screening based on electrophoresis SO SCANNING AND FORCE MICROSCOPIES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Scanning and Force Microscopies for Biomedical Applications CY JAN 23-24, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE lasers; single molecule; fluorescence; electrophoresis; DNA; imaging ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DIGITAL IMAGING MICROSCOPY; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES; LABELED ANTIBODIES; IMMUNO-PCR; CAPILLARY; SENSITIVITY AB In disease diagnosis, DNA and proteins are distinguished based on charge and hydrodynamic radius. Many protein assays and DNA assays relevant to cancer diagnosis are based on electrophoresis. However, standard protocols are not only slow but also insensitive. We successfully demonstrated a high-throughput imaging approach that allows determination of the individual electrophoretic mobilities of many molecules at a time. Each measurement only requires a few ms to complete. This opens up the possibility of screening single copies of DNA or proteins within single biological cells for disease markers without performing polymerase chain reaction or other biological amplification. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shortreed, MR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3538-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3922 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1117/12.383331 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics GA BQ27U UT WOS:000087779800007 ER PT S AU Dai, PS Cebe, P Capel, M Alamo, RG Mandelkern, L AF Dai, PS Cebe, P Capel, M Alamo, RG Mandelkern, L BE Cebe, P Hsiao, BS Lohse, DJ TI Simultaneous in-situ SAXS and WAXS study of crystallization and melting behavior of metallocene isotactic poly(propylene) SO SCATTERING FROM POLYMERS: CHARACTERIZATION BY X-RAYS, NEUTRONS, AND LIGHT SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 216th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-27, 1998 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn Inc, Div Polymer Mat, Exxon Res & Engn CO, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Fluorine Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Organ Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Corp Associates, Dow Agrosci, Monsanto Co, Eastman Kodak Co, Schering Plough, Merck Res Labs, Cent Glass Int Inc, Daikin Ind, Kanto Denka Kogyo Co, Asahi Glass Co, Div Agr & Food Chem ID POLYPROPYLENE; MORPHOLOGY; FORM; SYSTEMS; ORIGIN; PHASE AB The isothermal crystallization and subsequent melting behavior of a metallocene isotactic poly(propylene) (m-iPP) was studied by simultaneous in-situ wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The m-iPP chosen was one which is known to produce large amounts of the gamma modification under normal isothermal crystallization conditions. Both DSC and WAXS data show that during crystallization at 117 degrees C, alpha and gamma modifications appear at about the same time. Thermal analysis by immediate rescan after partial crystallization shows that m-iPP exhibits dual melting endotherms. WAXS scans show that during melting, the gamma modification melts first at lower temperature, followed by alpha modification at higher temperature. Once gamma crystals begin to melt, they do not undergo recrystallization, nor do they convert into alpha phase crystals. We also report changes in the SAXS parameters corresponding to the events observed in DSC and WAXS. Systematic changes in the scattering invariant and Bragg long period are seen during isothermal crystallization and melting of m-iPP. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Inst Mol Biophys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Cebe, P (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3644-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2000 VL 739 BP 152 EP 165 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BP75S UT WOS:000086074200010 ER PT S AU Melnichenko, YB Kiran, E Heath, K Salaniwal, S Cochran, HD Stamm, M Van Hook, WA Wignall, GD AF Melnichenko, YB Kiran, E Heath, K Salaniwal, S Cochran, HD Stamm, M Van Hook, WA Wignall, GD BE Cebe, P Hsiao, BS Lohse, DJ TI SANS studies of polymers in organic solvents and supercritical fluids in the poor, theta, and good solvent domains SO SCATTERING FROM POLYMERS: CHARACTERIZATION BY X-RAYS, NEUTRONS, AND LIGHT SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 216th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-27, 1998 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn Inc, Div Polymer Mat, Exxon Res & Engn CO, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Fluorine Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Organ Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Corp Associates, Dow Agrosci, Monsanto Co, Eastman Kodak Co, Schering Plough, Merck Res Labs, Cent Glass Int Inc, Daikin Ind, Kanto Denka Kogyo Co, Asahi Glass Co, Div Agr & Food Chem ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CHAIN COLLAPSE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; POLYSTYRENE; EQUILIBRIA AB We demonstrate that semidilute polymer solutions in supercritical fluids (SCFs) reproduce all main features of the polymer behavior in organic solvents which is indicative of the intrinsic similarity between the thermodynamic properties of polymers in SCFs and in the far sub-critical liquids. Using small-angle neutron scattering, we studied the effect of temperature and pressure on the phase behavior of polystyrene (PS) in organic solvents as well as of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2). The radius of gyration R-g of polymer chains in both organic solvents and in SC CO2 is invariant during both temperature and pressure quenches down to the critical point of demixing. The limit of infinite polymer miscibility (the Theta condition) of PDR;IS - SC CO2 solutions; may be reached by varying the pressure (P-Theta-52+/-4 MPa at the density of SC CO2 rho(CO2) = 0.95 g/cm(3)) and or the temperature (T-Theta = 6.5+/-5 degrees C). A sharp crossover between the critical and mean field behavior in PDMS - SC CO;! is similar to that in solutions of PS in cyclohexane, and at T> T-Theta, P>P-Theta the solutions reach the good solvent domain where R-g expands beyond the unperturbed dimensions R-g(Theta) at the Theta condition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Chem Engn, Orono, ME 04468 USA. Max Planck Inst Polymerforsch, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Melnichenko, YB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3644-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2000 VL 739 BP 317 EP 327 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BP75S UT WOS:000086074200020 ER PT S AU Chidambaram, S Butler, PD Hamilton, WA Dadmun, MD AF Chidambaram, S Butler, PD Hamilton, WA Dadmun, MD BE Cebe, P Hsiao, BS Lohse, DJ TI What is a model liquid crystalline polymer solution?: Solvent effects on the flow behavior of LCP solutions SO SCATTERING FROM POLYMERS: CHARACTERIZATION BY X-RAYS, NEUTRONS, AND LIGHT SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 216th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-27, 1998 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn Inc, Div Polymer Mat, Exxon Res & Engn CO, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Fluorine Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Organ Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Corp Associates, Dow Agrosci, Monsanto Co, Eastman Kodak Co, Schering Plough, Merck Res Labs, Cent Glass Int Inc, Daikin Ind, Kanto Denka Kogyo Co, Asahi Glass Co, Div Agr & Food Chem ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DEFECT TEXTURE; BAND TEXTURES; SHEAR-FLOW; RHEOLOGY; BIREFRINGENCE; TRANSIENT AB The flow-induced alignment of liquid crystalline solutions of poly (benzyl L-glutamate) (PBLG) in deuterated benzyl alcohol (DBA) and deuterated m-cresol (DMC) is determined using small angle neutron scattering. Surprisingly, the similar solutions show marked differences in their steady state and relaxation response to shear. During shear, the two solutions behave similarly at high shear rates (> 1 s(-1)), however, at low shear rates the PBLG in DBA shows an increase in orientation with shear rate which is absent in DMC. Upon shear cessation, PBLG in DMC retains flow induced alignment for long times (> 6 hours) while the orientation of PBLG in DBA dissipates quickly (5-10min.). The results are particularly unexpected, as DBA and DMC are isotopes. Possible explanations for this anomalous behavior are discussed. The results exemplify the need for a more complete understanding of the important parameters that affect the flow of LCP solutions so that a more universal theory can be developed which can predict flow behavior of non-model LCP solutions. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dadmun, MD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3644-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2000 VL 739 BP 356 EP 373 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BP75S UT WOS:000086074200023 ER PT J AU Dooley, JJ Kerch, HM AF Dooley, JJ Kerch, HM TI Evolving research misconduct policies and their significance for physical scientists SO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS LA English DT Article DE scientific misconduct; physical sciences; public policy ID SCIENCE; CONDUCT AB Scientific misconduct includes the fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism (FFP) of concepts, data or ideas; some institutions in the United States have expanded this concept to include "other serious deviations (OSD) from accepted research practice." It is the absence of this OSD clause that distinguishes scientific misconduct policies of the past from the "research misconduct" policies that should be the basis of future federal policy in this area. This paper introduces a standard for judging wether an action should be considered research misconduct as distinguished from scientific misconduct: by this standard, research misconduct must involve activities unique to the practice of science and must have the potential to negatively affect the scientific record. Although the number of cases of scientific misconduct is uncertain (only the NIH and the NSF keep formal records), the costs are high in terms of the integrity of the scientific record, diversions from research to investigate allegations, ruined careers of those eventually exonerated, and erosion of public confidence in science. Existing scientific misconduct policies vary from institution to institution and from government agency to government agency; some have highly developed guidelines that include OSD, others have no guidelines at all. One result has been that the federal False Claims Act has been used to pursue allegations of scientific misconduct. As a consequence, such allegations have been adjudicated in federal courts, rather than judged by scientific peers. The federal government is now establishing a first-ever research misconduct policy that would apply to all research funded by the federal government regardness of which agency funded the research or whether the research was carried out in a government, industrial or university laboratory. Physical scientists, who up to now have only infrequently been the subject of scientific misconduct allegations, must nonetheless become active in the debate over research misconduct policies and how they are implemented since they will now be explicitly covered by this new federal wide policy. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Energy, Washington, DC 20024 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Kerch, HM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Energy, 901 D St SW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024 USA. OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPRAGEN PUBLICATIONS PI GUILDFORD PA PO BOX 54, GUILDFORD GU1 2YF, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1353-3452 J9 SCI ENG ETHICS JI SCI. ENG. ETHICS PD JAN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s11948-000-0029-8 PG 13 WC Ethics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Philosophy SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Philosophy GA 279BK UT WOS:000085023300013 PM 11273428 ER PT J AU Muralidharan, G Chen, H AF Muralidharan, G. Chen, H. TI Coarsening kinetics of coherent gamma ' precipitates in ternary Ni-based alloys: the Ni-Al-Si system SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Ni-based superalloys; Intermetallic compounds; Coherency strains; Coarsening kinetics; Small-angle neutron scattering AB Coarsening of coherent precipitates gamma' in alloys such as Ni-based alloys has been studied extensively not only for its practical significance in the design of engineering alloys but also in an effort to understand the phenomenon of coarsening. However, a complete understanding of the role of the multiple factors that can affect the coarsening kinetics in such systems is still lacking. Although some advances have been made through computer simulations, studying experimentally the influence of the volume fraction of the second phase and that of coherency strains on the kinetics of coarsening has been particularly challenging. This paper will highlight some of the issues that are relevant to the study of coarsening in multi-component alloy systems. Recent results obtained for the kinetics of coarsening of gamma' precipitates in different alloys within the Ni-Al-Si system will be presented. Compositions of these alloys have been chosen so as to vary both the magnitude and the sign of coherency strains between the precipitate and the matrix. Some anomalies related to the composition dependence of the kinetics of coarsening will be highlighted. This paper will conclude with a discussion on the role of the volume fraction of the second phase and coherency strains in contributing to these anomalies and identify directions for future work. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Fredrick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Muralidharan, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM h-chen2@uiuc.edu FU US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-ENG-38]; Department of Energy through the Materials Research Laboratory [DEFG02-96ER45439] FX One of the authors (G.M.) would like to thank Denis Wozniak for his help with the processing of the alloys and data collection, and Dr P. Thiyagarajan for his help with SANS measurements. The Argonne National Laboratory part of this work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. Work at the University of Illinois was funded by the Department of Energy through the Materials Research Laboratory under contract No. DEFG02-96ER45439. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-6996 EI 1878-5514 J9 SCI TECHNOL ADV MAT JI Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. PY 2000 VL 1 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 AR PII S1468-6996(00)00005-X DI 10.1016/S1468-6996(00)00005-X PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V44CG UT WOS:000209726500008 ER PT J AU Murray, PE AF Murray, PE TI Stability of droplets in gas metal are welding SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID ARC; DROPS AB A method is developed to compute the stability of droplets detaching from the consumable electrode in gas metal arc welding. An aluminium electrode is used as the model system. Theoretical predictions and supporting experiments are used to ascertain the rate of transfer of droplets for a range of current encompassing globular and spray transfer, and to examine the transition between these distinct modes of metal transfer. The method uses dimensional analysis to correlate the mass, rate of transfer, and force acting to detach droplets. The correlation is found to undergo a notable change in slope at the transition between globular and spray transfer. The accuracy of the correlation is assessed by comparing the theoretical and measured rate of transfer of droplets in gas metal arc welding using aluminium electrodes of variable diameter. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Murray, PE (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2000 VL 5 IS 4 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1179/136217100101538245 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 357FG UT WOS:000089487400004 ER PT J AU McKamey, CG Lee, EH Cohron, JW Goodwin, GM George, EP AF McKamey, CG Lee, EH Cohron, JW Goodwin, GM George, EP TI Grain growth behaviour and high strain rate tensile properties of gas tungsten are welds in iridium alloy DOP-26 SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article AB The high strain rate tensile ductilities of gas tungsten arc welds in an Ir-0.3 wt-%W alloy containing 60 wt-ppm Th (designated DOP-26) have been determined at test temperatures of 900-1200 degreesC. Within this temperature range, the welded specimens of DOP-26 exhibited tensile ductilities of 9-15%, independent of the test temperature. These values are comparable to those of unwelded DOP-26 tensile specimens tested at temperatures below 1000 degreesC, but significantly lower than (approximately half) those of unwelded DOP-26 tested above 1000 degreesC. Elongation measurements at points along the gauge length of tensile tested specimens indicated that ductility was fairly uniform across the base metal and weld regions. At a tensile test temperature of 900 degreesC, fracture occurred in the base metal with a mixed intergranular-transgranular failure mode. At 980 degreesC and above, fracture occurred along the grain boundaries in the centreline of the weld. Scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces revealed the presence of numerous secondary phase particles along grain boundaries in the weld region. These particles were rich in thorium and were identified as an Ir. Th cutectic phase (melting point similar to 2080 degreesC) that formed as the weld pool cooled. These particles, and the larger grain size of the fusion zone compared with the base metal, contributed to the lower tensile ductilities of the welded specimens compared with unwelded specimens. Because high strain rate tensile ductility in this alloy is strongly dependent on grain size, th grain growth behaviour of welded specimens of the alloy was also studied. In as welded specimens, the average grain diameters (measured through the thickness of the specimens in a plan perpendicular to the welding direction) in the base metal, weld centreline, and fusion zone were similar to 21, 41, and 72 mum respectively. For annealing times up to 1065 h at 1400 degreesC and up to 100 h at 1500 degreesC, grain sizes in the weld centreline and in the fusion zone did not change significantly. For these same anneals the base metal grain size increased gradually to 45 and 58 mum for 1400 and 1500 degreesC annealing respectively. The base metal grain sizes were comparable to previous data from unwelded specimens of this alloy. However, excessive grain growth for an annealing time of 250 h at 1500 degreesC was observed and as yet is unexplained. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McKamey, CG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2000 VL 5 IS 5 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1179/136217100101538344 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 376VT UT WOS:000165478000004 ER PT B AU Gschneidner, KA Waber, JT AF Gschneidner, KA Waber, JT BE Turchi, PEA Shull, RD Gonis, A TI History of the Hume-Rothery award SO SCIENCE OF ALLOYS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: A HUME ROTHERY SYMPOSIUM CELEBRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Science of Alloys for the 21st Century - A Hume-Rothery Symposium Celebration CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP TMS, Electr Magnet & Photon Div, TMS, Extract & Processing Div, TMS, Light Met Div, TMS, Mat Processing & MFG Div, TMS, Struct Mat Div AB The origins, development and growth of the William Hume-Rothery Award are discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 255 Spedding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-445-3 PY 2000 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR36G UT WOS:000166191900001 ER PT B AU Gottschall, RJ Rockett, AA AF Gottschall, RJ Rockett, AA BE Turchi, PEA Shull, RD Gonis, A TI Vision for the future of the science of alloy's SO SCIENCE OF ALLOYS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: A HUME ROTHERY SYMPOSIUM CELEBRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Science of Alloys for the 21st Century - A Hume-Rothery Symposium Celebration CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP TMS, Electr Magnet & Photon Div, TMS, Extract & Processing Div, TMS, Light Met Div, TMS, Mat Processing & MFG Div, TMS, Struct Mat Div ID FIRST-PRINCIPLES; GLASSES; CD2AGAU AB Research in areas of relevance to the Hume-Rothery Award is a central element of the Metal, Ceramic, and Engineering Sciences subprogram under the Department of Energy Office of Science. This subprogram has supported a majority of the U.S. Hume-Rothery Award Winners in the past and spans a wide range of topics. One focus is on how structures and imperfections of all dimensions (point, line, plane, and volume) control materials behavior. A second focus is developing materials design based on rigorously valid, general structure-property relations. The subprogram includes thrust areas in synthesis, processing, and analysis of amorphous and nanostructured materials, modeling and characterization of complex systems, and support of user facilities, all of which are producing exciting, leading-edge research. Examples of the research supported in these areas are presented, along with an overview of the organization of the Department of Energy and its basic materials research program under the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. C1 US DOE, Off Basic Energy Serv, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Gottschall, RJ (reprint author), US DOE, Off Basic Energy Serv, Div Mat Sci & Engn, 19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-445-3 PY 2000 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR36G UT WOS:000166191900003 ER PT B AU Watson, RE Weinert, M Bennett, LH AF Watson, RE Weinert, M Bennett, LH BE Turchi, PEA Shull, RD Gonis, A TI The Hume-Rothery "parameters" and bonding in the Hume-Rothery and transition-metal alloys SO SCIENCE OF ALLOYS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: A HUME ROTHERY SYMPOSIUM CELEBRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Science of Alloys for the 21st Century - A Hume-Rothery Symposium Celebration CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP TMS, Electr Magnet & Photon Div, TMS, Extract & Processing Div, TMS, Light Met Div, TMS, Mat Processing & MFG Div, TMS, Struct Mat Div ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; GOLD ALLOYS; STABILITY; ELEMENTS; ENTROPY; ORDER; TI AB The phase stability of transition-metal intermetallics will be addressed in this contribution. We will start with ideas of Hume-Rothery and others, and trace their use and their efficacy to the present. Some-partially unresolved-issues, such as structural instabilities, magnetic energies, and attribution of charge, will also be discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Watson, RE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-445-3 PY 2000 BP 105 EP 119 PG 15 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR36G UT WOS:000166191900010 ER PT B AU Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK Pecharsky, AO AF Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK Pecharsky, AO BE Turchi, PEA Shull, RD Gonis, A TI The use of alloy theory for the development of active and passive magnetic refrigerant materials SO SCIENCE OF ALLOYS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: A HUME ROTHERY SYMPOSIUM CELEBRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Science of Alloys for the 21st Century - A Hume-Rothery Symposium Celebration CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP TMS, Electr Magnet & Photon Div, TMS, Extract & Processing Div, TMS, Light Met Div, TMS, Mat Processing & MFG Div, TMS, Struct Mat Div ID ERBIUM AB In designing active magnetic refrigerant materials the most critical parameter is the behavior of the entropy as a function of temperature and magnetic field in the vicinity of the anticipated operating temperatures. The most important property for passive magnetic refrigerants is a large low temperature (T < 60 K) volumetric heat capacity over a reasonable temperature range (+/-10 to +/-20 K) around the magnetic ordering temperature. Although the theory of alloy formation takes a back seat to these two parameters, it still plays an important part in developing new and/or improved magnetic materials for refrigeration technologies. Its use allows one to determine which alloying agent(s) can be most effectively substituted in a magnetic intermetallic compound, or a pure magnetic element to shift its magnetic ordering temperature to a more desirable temperature, or to modify the magnetic properties to change the shape (width and height) of the magnetic heat capacity, or to form a multiple phase alloy in which each phase orders magnetically at appropriate temperatures to give the desired entropy and heat capacity behavior for a particular application. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-445-3 PY 2000 BP 201 EP 213 PG 13 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR36G UT WOS:000166191900015 ER PT J AU Williams, W AF Williams, W TI Nuclear stockpile without stewardship? SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Williams, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 282 IS 1 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 266RJ UT WOS:000084313500008 ER PT J AU Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Moody, KJ AF Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Moody, KJ TI Voyage to superheavy island SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 Joint Nucl Res Inst, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Res Grp, Dubna, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Oganessian, YT (reprint author), Joint Nucl Res Inst, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Res Grp, Dubna, Russia. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 282 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 266RJ UT WOS:000084313500023 ER PT J AU Post, RF AF Post, RF TI Maglev: A new approach SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Energy, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Post, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Energy, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 282 IS 1 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 266RJ UT WOS:000084313500026 ER PT S AU Smith, DK Kersting, AB Thompson, JL Finnegan, DL AF Smith, DK Kersting, AB Thompson, JL Finnegan, DL BE Hart, KP Lumpkin, GR TI Insights to repository performance through study of a nuclear test site SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXIV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY AUG 27-31, 2000 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA ID WASTE AB Underground nuclear test sites offer an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate processes relevant to high-level waste repository performance in the absence of engineered barriers. Radionuclide migration programs at the Nevada Test Site represent a twenty-five year systematic investigation of the diverse radiologic source terms residual from weapons testing and the evolution of the hydrologic source term which comprises those radionuclides dissolved in or otherwise available for transport by groundwater. The Nevada Test Site shares actinide source terms, correlative geology, an identical tectonic setting, similar climate, and a thick unsaturated zone with the adjacent potential Yucca Mountain high-level waste repository and provides a natural laboratory to assess long-term radionuclide transport in the near field. Analog studies may ultimately help validate predictions of radionuclide transport from the potential Yucca Mountain repository. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Smith, DK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-598-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 663 BP 1023 EP 1032 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV59Z UT WOS:000179468500115 ER PT B AU Fenton, GA AF Fenton, GA GP AMS AMS TI The application of machine learning to forecast stratus burn-off SO SECOND CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Artificial Intelligence CY FEB 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID FOG C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fenton, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,ESH-17 Air Qual,K490, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 56 EP 59 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS02Y UT WOS:000168377900010 ER PT B AU Foley, JC Rehbein, DK AF Foley, JC Rehbein, DK BE Mishra, B Yamauchi, C TI In-situ characterization of sintering properties with non-contact ultrasonic measurements SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROCESSING MATERIALS FOR PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Processing Materials for Properties CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Min & Mat Proc Inst Japan AB In-situ characterizations of green state part density and sintering state have long been desired in the powder metal community. Recent advances in non-contact electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) technology have enabled in-situ evaluations of the acoustic attenuation and velocity as sintering proceeds. Pure aluminum (99.999%) and aluminum alloy powders were prepared with high-pressure gas atomization (HPGA). The powders were pressed in a uniaxial die and examined with acoustic waves for changes in velocity and attenuation during sintering. The changes in acoustic properties were correlated with sample microstructures and mechanical properties. Evolution of the acoustic echo train during sintering is shown to provide information on the state of sintering as well as having the potential for detection of interior flaws. C1 Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Foley, JC (reprint author), Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI 苏, 日亮/D-4386-2009 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-495-X PY 2000 BP 335 EP 339 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR45F UT WOS:000166445900066 ER PT B AU Brown, M Burian, S McPherson, T Streit, G Costigan, K Turin, J AF Brown, M Burian, S McPherson, T Streit, G Costigan, K Turin, J GP AMS AMS TI Air and water quality modeling system: Application to the Los Angeles metropolitan area SO SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Environmental Applications CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; DEPOSITION; POLLUTANTS C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp TSA 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp TSA 4, MS-F604, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS13K UT WOS:000168779300021 ER PT S AU Smith, S Mascarenhas, A Olson, JM Kazmerski, LL AF Smith, S Mascarenhas, A Olson, JM Kazmerski, LL BE Mascarenhas, A Follstaedt, D Suzuki, T Joyce, B TI Spatially resolved photoluminescence in spontaneously-ordered GaInP2 SO SELF-ORGANIZED PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Alloys held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, USA Off Res, Mat Res Soc ID GA0.52IN0.48P ALLOYS AB The low-temperature (5K) photoluminescence (PL) of partially-ordered GaInP2 is spatially resolved using high-resolution (from similar to 0.2 mu m-0.7 mu m) scanning optical microscopy, revealing the spatial variation in band gap energy and the spatial origin of the ordering-induced low-energy emission and the associated 'quantum-dot-like' narrow spikes which appear when examining areas smaller, or of comparable size, than a single ordered domain. The large number of spectra taken within a micron-sized area allow a detailed look at the statistical variation in band-gap energy and lineshape. A systematic study of a series of samples where the order parameter varies from eta similar to 0 to 0.45 shows that for the most highly-ordered samples, the statisitical distribution of excitonic energy and linewidth show evidence of exciton localization, which is also clearly seen by examining the spatial maps of the excitonic energy and linewidth extracted from the measured spectra. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-491-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 583 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ81Z UT WOS:000089703500030 ER PT S AU Pennycook, SJ Yan, Y Norman, A Zhang, Y Al-Jassim, M Mascarenhas, A Ahrenkiel, SP Chisholm, MF Duscher, G Pantelides, ST AF Pennycook, SJ Yan, Y Norman, A Zhang, Y Al-Jassim, M Mascarenhas, A Ahrenkiel, SP Chisholm, MF Duscher, G Pantelides, ST BE Mascarenhas, A Follstaedt, D Suzuki, T Joyce, B TI Atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging and its application to compositional ordering and segregation SO SELF-ORGANIZED PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Alloys held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, USA Off Res, Mat Res Soc ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SCATTERED ELECTRONS; CORE STRUCTURES; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; CRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pennycook, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-491-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 583 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ81Z UT WOS:000089703500033 ER PT S AU Ahrenkiel, SP Jones, KM Matson, RJ Al-Jassim, MM Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Friedman, DJ Arent, DJ Olson, JM Hanna, MC AF Ahrenkiel, SP Jones, KM Matson, RJ Al-Jassim, MM Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Friedman, DJ Arent, DJ Olson, JM Hanna, MC BE Mascarenhas, A Follstaedt, D Suzuki, T Joyce, B TI CuPt-B ordered microstructures in GaInP and GaInAs films SO SELF-ORGANIZED PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Alloys held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, USA Off Res, Mat Res Soc ID ALLOY SEMICONDUCTORS; GA0.47IN0.53AS; MECHANISM AB We examine CuPt-B atomic sublattice ordering in Ga0.51In0.49P (GaInP) and Ga0.47In0.53As (GaInAs) III-V alloy films grown by atmospheric- and low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on singular and vicinal (001) substrates. The influences of growth conditions and substrate miscut on double- and single-variant ordered microstructures are investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Relatively thick (>1-2 mu m) double-variant ordered GaInP and GaInAs films show complementary superdomain formation. Single-variant ordered films on < 111 > B-miscut substrates contain single-phase domains, separated by antiphase boundaries (APBs). The appearance of APBs in TEM dark-field images is anticipated from electron diffraction theory. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, SP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-491-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 583 BP 243 EP 248 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ81Z UT WOS:000089703500034 ER PT S AU Zhang, Y Fluegel, B Ahrenkiel, SP Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Olson, JM Mascarenhas, A AF Zhang, Y Fluegel, B Ahrenkiel, SP Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Olson, JM Mascarenhas, A BE Mascarenhas, A Follstaedt, D Suzuki, T Joyce, B TI Electronic and optical properties of orientational superlattices in GaInP alloys SO SELF-ORGANIZED PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Alloys held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, USA Off Res, Mat Res Soc ID SPONTANEOUSLY ORDERED GAINP2; BAND-GAP; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; GA0.5IN0.5P; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GA0.52IN0.48P; GAXIN1-XP AB We demonstrate the formation, and the electronic and optical properties of a novel type of semiconductor superlattice in spontaneously ordered GalnP alloys. The most frequently observed ordered structure in MOCVD grown GaInP has CuPt symmetry where the ordering directions occur in the two [111](B) directions, corresponding to two distinct ordered variants. A new type of superlattice, termed an orientational superlattice, emerges as the ordered domains are stacked in a sequence whereby the ordering direction switches alternatively from the [111] direction in one domain to the [111] direction in the next domain. The novelty of this type of superlattice lies in that there is neither a band-gap nor an effective mass discontinuity along the superlattice axis. When the GaInP epilayer is grown on an exact (001) or [111](A) tilt GaAs substrate, the two ordered variants are equally favorable. Thus, ordered domain twins appear in ordered GaInP epilayers. We present a comparitive study between the single-variant ordered structure and the double-variant ordered superlattice structure, using TEM and time-resolved differential absorption. We show that for a same order parameter, the band-gap of an orientational superlattice is higher than that of a single-variant ordered structure, and the in-plane optical anisotropy between the [110] and [110] directions is greatly enhanced due to the superlattice effect. The experimental results are explained in terms of the band structure of the orientational superlattice. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-491-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 583 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ81Z UT WOS:000089703500036 ER PT S AU Hanna, MC Cheong, HM Mascarenhas, A AF Hanna, MC Cheong, HM Mascarenhas, A BE Mascarenhas, A Follstaedt, D Suzuki, T Joyce, B TI The initial stages of growth of ordered GaInP and GaInAs grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy SO SELF-ORGANIZED PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Alloys held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, USA Off Res, Mat Res Soc ID STEP STRUCTURE; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; V/III RATIO; INGAAS; LAYERS; GA0.5IN0.5P; TOPOGRAPHY; MICROSCOPY AB We have used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy to investigate the development of the surface morphology of (001) direct and vicinal GaInP and GaInAs grown under conditions to produce strong CuPtB ordering. Raman spectroscopy provided direct evidence of CuPtB ordering in layers as thin as 10 nm for GaInP and 5 nm for GaInAs. We find that the morphology of GaInP and GaInAs on (001)6B substrates consists of ridges, which are aligned predominately along the [110] direction (A-direction). These ridges are well developed even at layer thicknesses of 2 nm, and their sides consist of step-bunches and near (001) terraces. On (001) direct substrates, the GaInP morphology is similar to that obtained on 6B substrates, although the step bunches have no preferential orientation, while GaInAs (001) growth proceeds by a combination of 2D-island and step flow growth. We discuss possible reasons for the differences in the morphology of ordered GaInP and GaInAs. The results of this work suggest it may be difficult to produce abrupt heterointerfaces in structures containing ordered GaInP and GaInAs alloys. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hanna, MC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-491-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 583 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ81Z UT WOS:000089703500041 ER PT S AU Norman, AG Ahrenkiel, SP Moutinho, HR Ballif, C Al-Jassim, MM Mascarenhas, A Follstaedt, DM Lee, SR Reno, JL Jones, ED Mirecki-Millunchick, J Twesten, RD AF Norman, AG Ahrenkiel, SP Moutinho, HR Ballif, C Al-Jassim, MM Mascarenhas, A Follstaedt, DM Lee, SR Reno, JL Jones, ED Mirecki-Millunchick, J Twesten, RD BE Mascarenhas, A Follstaedt, D Suzuki, T Joyce, B TI The nature and origin of lateral composition modulations in short-period strained-layer superlattices SO SELF-ORGANIZED PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Alloys held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, USA Off Res, Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; QUANTUM-DOT SUPERLATTICES; V SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; ORDERING PROCESS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; GROWTH; INAS; MORPHOLOGY AB The nature and origin of lateral composition modulations in (AlAs)(m)(InAs)(n) short-period strained-laver superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InP substrates have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Strong modulations were observed for growth temperatures between approximate to 540 and 560 degrees C. The maximum strength of modulations was found for SPS samples with InAs mole fraction x (= n/(n+m)) close to approximate to 0.50 and when n approximate to m approximate to 2. The modulations were suppressed at both high and low values of x. For x > 0.52 (global compression), the modulations were along the < 100 > directions in the (001) growth plane. For x < 0.52 (global tension), the modulations were along the two < 310 > directions rotated approximate to +/-27 degrees from [110] in the growth plane. The remarkably constant wavelength of the modulations, between = 20-30 nm, and the different modulation directions observed, suggest that the origin of the modulations is due to surface roughening associated with the high misfit between the individual SPS layers and the InP substrate. Highly uniform unidirectional modulations have been grown by control of the InAs mole fraction and growth on suitably offcut substrates, which show great promise for application in device structures. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Norman, AG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010; Ballif, Christophe/G-4621-2012 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X; NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-491-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 583 BP 297 EP 313 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ81Z UT WOS:000089703500043 ER PT S AU Follstaedt, DM Lee, SR Reno, JL Jones, ED Twesten, RD Norman, AG Ahrenkiel, SP Moutinho, HR Mascarenhas, A Millunchick, JM AF Follstaedt, DM Lee, SR Reno, JL Jones, ED Twesten, RD Norman, AG Ahrenkiel, SP Moutinho, HR Mascarenhas, A Millunchick, JM BE Mascarenhas, A Follstaedt, D Suzuki, T Joyce, B TI Reciprocal-space and real-space analyses of compositional modulation in InAs/AlAs short-period superlattices SO SELF-ORGANIZED PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Alloys held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, USA Off Res, Mat Res Soc ID LATERAL COMPOSITION MODULATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; ALLOYS; INALAS; MORPHOLOGY AB The microstructure of lateral composition modulation in InAs/AlAs superlattices grown by MBE on InP is examined. The use of x-ray diffraction, TEM, AFM, and STEM to characterize the modulations is discussed. Combining the information from these techniques gives increased insight into the phenomenon and how to manipulate it. Diffraction measures the intensity of modulation and its wavelength, and is used to identify growth conditions giving strong modulation. The TEM and STEM analyses indicate that local compositions are modulated by as much as 0.38 InAs mole fraction. Plan-view images show that modulated structures consists of short (less than or similar to 0.2 mu m) In-rich wires with a 2D organization in a (001) growth plane. However, growth on miscut substrates can produce a single modulation along the miscut direction with much longer wires (greater than or similar to 0.4 mu m), as desired for potential applications. Photoluminescence studies demonstrate that the modulation has large effects on the bandgap energy of the superlattice. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1056, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-491-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 583 BP 333 EP 347 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ81Z UT WOS:000089703500046 ER PT S AU Lee, HWH Smith, CA Leppert, VJ Risbud, SH AF Lee, HWH Smith, CA Leppert, VJ Risbud, SH BE Moss, SC Ila, D Lee, HWH Norris, DJ TI Quantum confined electron-hole states in ZnSe quantum dots SO SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Quantum Dots held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID GREEN LASER-DIODES; CDSE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CRYSTALLITES; CLUSTERS AB We observed the quantum confined bandedge emission from ZnSe quantum dots and the size dependence of the energy states, spin-orbit interaction, and Stokes shift. The bandedge emission occurs in the UV-blue. The energy gap = E-g + C/d(n) where d is the diameter and n is 1.19 +/- 0.13 and 1.21 +/- 0.13 for the first and second electron-hole transitions, respectively. The separation between these transitions approaches the bulk spin-orbit splitting, while the Stokes shift decreases with particle size. Effective mass theories can not explain these results. Trap emission is observed in some samples in the green and red, resulting from Se-related traps. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lee, HWH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-478-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 571 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ34M UT WOS:000088057700039 ER PT S AU Kadavanich, AV Kippeny, T Erwin, M Rosenthal, SJ Pennycook, SJ AF Kadavanich, AV Kippeny, T Erwin, M Rosenthal, SJ Pennycook, SJ BE Moss, SC Ila, D Lee, HWH Norris, DJ TI Z-Contrast STEM imaging and EELS of CdSe nanocrystals: Towards the analysis of individual nanocrystal surfaces SO SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Semiconductor Quantum Dots held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER AB We have applied Atomic Number Contrast Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (Z-Contrast STEM) and STEM/EELS (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy) towards the study of colloidal CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in MEH-PPV polymer films. Z-Contrast images are direct projections of the atomic structure. Hence they can be interpreted without the need for sophisticated image simulation and the image intensity is a direct measure of the thickness of a nanocrystal. Our thickness measurements are in agreement with the predicted faceted shape of these nanocrystals. Our unique 1.3 Angstrom resolution STEM has successfully resolved the sublattice structure of these CdSe nanocrystals. In [010] projection (the polar axis in the image plane) we can distinguish Se atom columns from Cd columns. EELS measurements on individual nanocrystals indicate a significant amount (equivalent to 0.5-1 surface monolayers) of oxygen on the nanocrystals, despite processing in an inert atmosphere. Spatially resolved measurements at 7 Angstrom resolution suggest a surface oxide layer. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kadavanich, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-478-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 571 BP 305 EP 311 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ34M UT WOS:000088057700046 ER PT S AU He, GG Steinmaus, KL Tagestad, JD Moon, BD Read, CH AF He, GG Steinmaus, KL Tagestad, JD Moon, BD Read, CH BE Dasarathy, BV TI Role of texture analysis in multisensor data fusion SO SENSOR FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensor Fusion: Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications IV CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE texture; multisensor imagery; fusion; assisted feature extraction; road extraction; geospatial information AB The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is involved in the design and development of algorithms to improve feature identification and detection using multisensor imagery. This research is funded jointly by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the U.S. Department of Energy. A process has been designed that exploits the spatial discontinuities in a scene as revealed by the reflectance variation in a given frequency. We believe that by mapping the discontinuities in a scene, man-made objects can be better distinguished fi-om natural objects. The process involves the generation of a texture map for each of the multisensor data sets; this facilitates the fusion of data from different sources with different physical characteristics. The advantage of this approach is that texture seems to reduce image data to a common base. This common base becomes important when using data of variable quality, resolution, and geometry. Texture analysis has applicability to a wide variety of feature identification and extraction applications. This paper focus on demonstrating how the classification of texture maps derived from multisensor imagery can be used to automatically extract major roads from multisensor imagery, a requirement from NIMA under its comprehensive and integrated geospatial information generation strategy. Automatic/assisted road extraction is a particularly challenging task given the need for global coverage, accurate positioning, and sophisticated attribution. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP He, GG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3677-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4051 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.381626 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BQ32A UT WOS:000087919700013 ER PT S AU Vogt, MC AF Vogt, MC BE Orban, PE Knopf, GK TI Neural network-based sensor signal accelerator SO SENSORS AND CONTROLS FOR INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Controls for Intelligent Manufacturing CY NOV 07, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE neural networks; sensors; high-speed; interface; adaptive algorithm; numerical acceleration AB A strategy has been developed to computationally accelerate the response time of a generic electronic sensor. The strategy can be deployed as an algorithm in a control system or as a physical interface (on an embedded microcontroller) between a slower responding external sensor and a higher-speed control system. Optional code implementations are available to adjust algorithm performance when computational capability is limited. In one option, the actual sensor signal can be sampled at the slower rate with adaptive linear neural networks predicting the sensor's future output and interpolating intermediate synthetic output values. In another option, a synchronized collection of predictors sequentially controls the corresponding synthetic output voltage. Error is adaptively corrected in both options. The core strategy has been demonstrated with automotive oxygen sensor data. A prototype interface device is under construction. The response speed increase afforded by this strategy could greatly offset the cost of developing a replacement sensor with a faster physical response time. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vogt, MC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3856-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4191 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS07U UT WOS:000168562000009 ER PT J AU Kaminski, MD Nunez, L AF Kaminski, MD Nunez, L TI Separation of uranium from nitric- and hydrochloric-acid solutions with extractant-coated magnetic microparticles SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED CHEMICAL-SEPARATION; WASTE AB The magnetically assisted chemical separation (MACS) process utilizes selective magnetic microparticle composites to separate dissolved metals from solution. In this study, MACS particles were coated with neutral and acidic organophosphorus extractants, octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (CMPO), tributyl phosphate (TBP), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D(2)EHPA or HDEHP) and were evaluated for the separation of uranyl ions from nitric- and hydrochloric-acid solutions. The results suggest that a synergistic interaction between the particle surface and solvent coating may explain why the particles display, in some cases, orders of magnitude of higher partitioning coefficients than are estimated from solvent-extraction measurements. Particles coated with TBP and those coated with a combination of TOPO and D(2)EHPA displayed the most desirable characteristics for removing uranium from dilute acid environments typical of contaminated groundwater. Uranium separation from moderate to highly acidic waste streams typical of Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear wastes is best accomplished using particles coated with a combination of CMPO and TBP. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 35 IS 13 BP 2003 EP 2018 DI 10.1081/SS-100102086 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 380BK UT WOS:000165678300003 ER PT J AU Del Cul, GD Toth, LM Bond, WD Williams, DF AF Del Cul, GD Toth, LM Bond, WD Williams, DF TI Evaluation of process that might lead to separation of actinides in waste storage tanks under alkaline conditions SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CARBONATE; SOLUBILITY; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; CONSTANTS; U(VI) AB This study addresses the physical-chemical processes that might naturally or inadvertently occur and that would lead to a separation of the poisoning nonfissionable actinides (Th-232, U-238) from the fissionable ones (Pu-239, U-235) by selective dissolution and redeposition over a prolonged storage of the waste. Of the various chemistries that were evaluated, carbonate complexation reaction is the most plausible means of achieving the separation of these actinides. Carbonate ions (formed by the dissolution and hydrolysis of atmospheric CO2) can selectively dissolve the actinide oxides through the formation of soluble carbonate complexes, which could result in the separation of poisoning actinides from the fissionable ones. The concentrations of these soluble carbonate species are dependent on the pH, temperature, and other ions; therefore, changes in any of these parameters over time-especially cyclic changes (daily or seasonal)-could cause a selective dissolution and redeposition of the more soluble species away from the less soluble ones. Detailed calculations using the stability constants for the carbonates have shown that the most likely pH range for this process to occur is pH = 10-11. Increased solubility through reaction with organic complexants such as EDTA was also considered, and while it presents a situation similar to carbonate complexation and similar potential for autoseparation of the actinides in the waste tanks, it would require the uncontrolled dumping of large amounts of complexants into the storage tanks. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Chem Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Del Cul, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Chem Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 35 IS 13 BP 2127 EP 2141 DI 10.1081/SS-100102093 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 380BK UT WOS:000165678300010 ER PT S AU Saxena, A Lookman, T Shenoy, SR Bishop, AR AF Saxena, A Lookman, T Shenoy, SR Bishop, AR BE Saburi, T TI Defect-induced microstructure and shape memory in a continuum model SO SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium and Exhibition on Shape Memory Materials (SMM 99) CY MAY 19-21, 1999 CL KANAZAWA, JAPAN SP Japan Assoc SMA, Kanazawa Inst Technol, Nonferrous Met Soc China, USA, Off Res Far E, USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp, Ishikawa Prefecture, Kanazawa City, Diado Steel Co Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Piolax Med Devices Inc, Sogo Spring MGF Co Ltd, Terumo Corp, Tokin Corp DE defects; tweed; Ginzburg-Landau simulations; shape memory ID MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Within a continuum elasticity model for martensitic transitions we study systematically the effect of defects on the pre-martensitic microstructure as a function of stress and the strength of the defects. The model free energy is a triple well potential in the deviatoric strains (order parameter). The elastic compatibility condition, which links various strain tensor components, together with local variations such as interfaces drives the formation of global elastic textures through anisotropic long-range interactions in the deviatoric strain. We have carried out extensive relaxational computer simulations using the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation. The effect of inhomogeneous stress cycling indicates possible shape memory phenomena caused by multiple length scales. Detailed simulations for representative materials parameters show embossing of strain patterns. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Appl Math, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-851-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 327-3 BP 385 EP 388 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ57Y UT WOS:000088850500080 ER PT S AU Baer, MR AF Baer, MR BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Computational modeling of heterogeneous reactive materials at the mesoscale SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The mesoscopic processes of consolidation, deformation and reaction of shocked porous energetic materials are studied using shock physics analysis of impact on a collection of discrete "crystals." Highly resolved three-dimensional CTH simulations indicate that rapid deformation occurs at material contact points causing large amplitude fluctuations of stress states with wavelengths of the order of several particle diameters. Localization of energy produces "hot-spots" due to shock focusing and plastic work near internal boundaries as material flows into interstitial regions. Numerical experiments indicate that "hot-spots" are strongly influenced by multiple crystal interactions. Chemical reaction processes also produce multiple wave structures associated with particle distribution effects. This study provides new insights into the micromechanical behavior of heterogeneous energetic materials strongly suggesting that initiation and sustained reaction of shocked heterogeneous materials involves states distinctly different from single jump state descriptions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9112, Energet & Multiphase Processes, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baer, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9112, Energet & Multiphase Processes, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600004 ER PT S AU Holian, BL Germann, TC Lomdahl, PS Hammerberg, JE Ravelo, R AF Holian, BL Germann, TC Lomdahl, PS Hammerberg, JE Ravelo, R BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Shock waves and their aftermath: A view from the atomic scale SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS AB At the level of atoms, using large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations, we have begun to elucidate the response of materials to shockwave loading and unloading. In dense monatomic, chemically unreactive fluids, the profile or structure of a shock wave is rather boring, being well described by viscous flow. In solids, on the other hand, the structure is far more complex, being dominated by plastic flow mechanisms that can even resemble phase transformations. We have just begun to explore the richness of the shock loading regime in crystalline solids, while much of the behavior upon unloading has heretofore remained in the province of speculation. We discuss some of the recent advances we have made at Los Alamos in simulations of shock waves and related phenomena, including plastic deformation, high-speed interfacial sliding, and fragmentation. As experimental observations become more and more refined, and molecular-dynamics simulations become larger, even approaching the mesoscale, fruitful overlap is achievable in the near future. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holian, BL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600005 ER PT S AU Bickham, SA Lenosky, T Collins, LA Kress, JD AF Bickham, SA Lenosky, T Collins, LA Kress, JD BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Simulations of shock-compressed hydrogen SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DENSE FLUID HYDROGEN; LIQUID DEUTERIUM; DISSOCIATION; EQUATION; STATE; HOT; THERMODYNAMICS; TRANSITION; ENERGY AB Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for highly compressed fluid hydrogen in the density and temperature regime of recent shock-compression experiments. Both density functional and tight-binding electronic structure techniques have been used to describe interatomic forces. Two tight-binding models of hydrogen have been developed with a single s-type orbital on each atom that reproduce properties of the dimer, of various crystalline structures, and of the fluid. The simulations indicate that the rapid rise in the electrical conductivity observed in the gas-gun experiments depends critically on the dissociated atoms(monomers). Hugoniots derived from the equations-of-state of these models do not exhibit the large compressions predicted by the recent laser experiments. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bickham, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600006 ER PT S AU Young, DA AF Young, DA BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI A new global hydrogen equation of state model SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID SHOCKED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; PRESSURES AB Simple statistical mechanics models have been assembled into a wide-range equation of state for the hydrogen isotopes. The solid is represented by an Einstein-Gruneisen model delimited by a Lindemann melting curve. The fluid is represented by an ideal gas plus a soft-sphere fluid configurational term. Dissociation and ionization are approximated by modifying the ideal gas chemical-equilibrium formulation. The T = 0 isotherm and dissociation models have been fitted to new diamond-anvil isotherm and laser-generated shock data. The main limitation of the model is in ionization at high compression. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Young, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600008 ER PT S AU Fried, LE Howard, WM AF Fried, LE Howard, WM BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI The equation of state of HF under shock compression SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID NITROGEN AB We develop a model of chemical equilibrium mixtures containing the elements H, C, F. We show that the shock response of a wide variety of molecular and polymeric fluorocarbons can be modeled as a chemical equilibrium mixture of a small number of dissociation product molecules. HF is known to strongly associate in the supercritical fluid phase. We predict that such an association also occurs under shock conditions. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fried, LE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600009 ER PT S AU Ree, FH Glosli, JN AF Ree, FH Glosli, JN BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Modeling high-pressure and high-temperature phase changes in bulk carbon SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID DIAMOND; GRAPHITE AB The phase diagram of carbon is not experimentally well known at high pressure and/or high temperature. We have determined the phase diagram of carbon by means of Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods using the Brenner bond order potential. The melting line of diamond was found to have a positive slope (pressure vs. temperature) with the graphite-diamond-liquid triple point in agreement with an estimated value based on experiment. The present calculation predicts a first-order phase transition in liquid carbon terminated by a critical point and by a triple point on the graphite melting line. The low-density liquid is predominantly sp bonded with little sp(3) character. The high-density liquid is mostly sp(3) bonded with little sp character. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ree, FH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600010 ER PT S AU Veeser, LR Gray, GT Vorthman, JE Rodriguez, PJ Hixson, RS Hayes, DB AF Veeser, LR Gray, GT Vorthman, JE Rodriguez, PJ Hixson, RS Hayes, DB BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI High pressure response of a high-purity iron SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID PHASE-TRANSITION AB A series of time-resolved experiments has been done using a 50-mm-diameter light gas gun to characterize the shock uniaxial strain and high-strain-rate response of a high purity iron. The high-strain-rate uniaxial stress response of the iron was characterized using a Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Shock wave experiments were done both with and without windows with a VISAR diagnostic to obtain time-resolved particle velocity data. The shock experiments with windows yield information on elastic/plastic response, transformation kinetics, sound speed, and quasi-elastic release. Experiments were conducted without windows both below and above the or-to-e phase transformation to study the effect of phase-change kinetics and the release transition on the spallation response in iron. Results of the shock and Hopkinson bar experiments are compared and contrasted to previous research on iron. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Veeser, LR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600013 ER PT S AU Nguyen, JH Holmes, NC AF Nguyen, JH Holmes, NC BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Iron sound velocities in shock wave experiments SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID EARTH CORE CONDITIONS; HIGH-PRESSURES; IN-SITU; X-RAY; MELTING CURVE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; TEMPERATURE; COMPRESSION; ALLOY; STATE AB We have performed a series of sound velocity measurements in iron at earth's core pressures. Experiments were carried out at shock pressures as high as 400 GPa, with particular emphasis on the pressure range between 175 GPa and 275 GPa. The measured sound velocities of iron at elevated pressures exhibit a single discontinuity near 250 GPa, corresponding to the vanishing of shear strength as the iron melts. A second discontinuity reported by Brown and McQueen in their previous iron sound velocity studies was not observed in our study. Our results are consistent with their data otherwise. Experimental details and error propagation techniques essential to determining the melting point will also be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, H Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nguyen, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, H Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 81 EP 84 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600015 ER PT S AU Chhabildas, LC Furnish, MD Reinhart, WD AF Chhabildas, LC Furnish, MD Reinhart, WD BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Shock induced melting in aluminum: Wave profile measurements SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We have developed launch capabilities that can propel macroscopic plates to hypervelocities (8 to 16 km/s), This capability has been used to determine the first time-resolved wave-profile measurements unsing velocity interfeometry techniques at impact velocities of 10 km/s. These measurements show that aluminum continues to exhibit normal release behavior to 161 GPa with complete loss of strength in the shocked state. Results of these experiments are discussed and compared with the results of lower-pressure experiments conducted at lower impact velocities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chhabildas, LC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 97 EP 100 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600019 ER PT S AU Menikoff, R Kober, E AF Menikoff, R Kober, E BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Equation of state and Hugoniot locus for porous materials: P-alpha model revisited SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID TO-DETONATION TRANSITION; GRANULAR-MATERIALS AB Foams, porous solids and granular materials have a characteristic Hugoniot locus that for weak shocks is concave in the (particle velocity, shock velocity)-plane. An equation of state (EOS) that has this property can be constructed implicitly from a Helmholtz free energy of the form Psi(V, T, phi) = Psi(s)(V, T) + B(phi) where the equilibrium volume fraction phi(eq) is determined by minimizing Psi, i.e., the condition partial derivative(phi)Psi = 0. For many cases, a Hayes EOS for the pure solid Psi(s) (V, T) is adequate. This provides a thermodynamically consistent framework for the P-alpha model. For this form of EOS the volume fraction has a similar effect to an endothermic reaction in that the partial Hugoniot loci with fixed phi are shifted to the left in the (V,P)-plane with increasing phi. The equilibrium volume fraction can then be chosen to match the concavity of the principal Hugoniot locus. An example is presented for the polymer estane. A small porosity of only 1.4 percent is required to match the experimental concavity in the Hugoniot data. This type of EOS can also be used to obtain the so-called "universal" Hugoniot for liquids. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Menikoff, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600027 ER PT S AU Drumheller, DS AF Drumheller, DS BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI The role of distention in reacting porous solids SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Mixture theories are used to model reacting porous solids such as granular explosives. Volume fraction variables are incorporated into these theories because the solid and gaseous reaction products occupy physically distinct volumes within the mixture. Volume fraction is often treated as a kinetic state variable. However, a simple decomposition of the motion demonstrates that it is not a kinematical variable. Indeed, this decomposition yields another variable, the distention, which is kinematical. By using distention as a state variable we suggest a fundamental and important alteration of the constitutive description of reacting porous solids. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geothermal Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Drumheller, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geothermal Res Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600028 ER PT S AU Shon, JW Ree, FH Viecelli, JA van Thiel, M Young, DA Schmidt, RD Hrubesh, LH Vantine, HC AF Shon, JW Ree, FH Viecelli, JA van Thiel, M Young, DA Schmidt, RD Hrubesh, LH Vantine, HC BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Hugoniots of aerogels involving carbon and resorcinol formaldehyde SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID LIQUID PHASE-CHANGE; GRAPHITE; DIAMOND AB Recently, a first-order phase transition is predicted to occur in liquid carbon using atomistic simulation and Brenner's bond order potential. There are also experimental data suggesting a possibility for a first-order phase transition. In light of this, a thermochemical equilibrium code (CHEQ) is used to provide guidance to experiments to find a liquid-liquid phase change in carbon foam and carbon-rich aerogel, resorcinol formaldehyde. Isotherms and Hugoniots are computed using the model of carbon by van Thiel and Ree. The present calculations predict the liquid-liquid-graphite triple point to be at 5000 K and 5.2 GPa and its critical point to be at 6000 K and 8.8 GPa. The Hugoniot calculations suggest that the liquid-liquid phase transition may be detected by performing a shock experiment with initial density of approximately 0.15 g/cm(3). C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shon, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 141 EP 144 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600030 ER PT S AU Fritz, JN AF Fritz, JN BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI The isotope effect on the Hugoniot of polyethylene SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB To a first approximation, the effect of isotope exchange on the the Hugoniot of a material can be represented by a scaling of the density in P-h(V). For deuterated polyethylene, this approximation is adequate to the accuracy of the data. Data for deuterated polyethylene and required scaling is presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fritz, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600031 ER PT S AU Hrbek, GM AF Hrbek, GM BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Invariant functional forms for the second, third, and fourth order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state for materials subject to hydrodynamic shock SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID PRESSURE AB Group Theoretical Methods as defined by Lie are applied to the problem of temperature independent, hydrodynamic shock in a Birch-Murnaghan continuum. Ratios of the group parameters are shown to be linked to physical parameters specified in the second, third, and fourth order BM-EOS approximations. We provide an illustrative example of how the expansion ratio (c(1)/c(2)) and the material resistance condition (c(4)/c(2)) are a function of the compression ratio beta, for a spherical shock wave propagating through MgO and Na. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hrbek, GM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600037 ER PT S AU Streletz, GJ MacFarland, LH AF Streletz, GJ MacFarland, LH BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI A new browser for the visualization of equation of state data SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID DENSE MATTER; HOT AB A prototype equation of state (EOS) browser application has been developed at LLNL. This browser provides an interactive, graphical user interface that allows EOS data to be analyzed, visualized, and compared with experimental data. The user can view our EOS table data in both tabular and graphical form, can obtain lists of table ranges, and can view material information. In addition, the browser allows the user to utilize the interpolation routines of our EOS package to produce the same interpolated EOS data that would be passed to a simulation code, and to analyze this data in many different ways. Interpolated data can be obtained through use of a query function, and lists of interpolated data over various ranges can be produced. Analysis functions include the calculation and display of isotherms, isochores, isobars, adiabats, and shock Hugoniots. Moreover, experimental data can be overlaid onto these plots in order to establish confidence in particular EOS tables. It is expected that this browser environment will be a valuable tool for scientists who use large simulation codes that access equation of state data. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Streletz, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 201 EP 204 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600045 ER PT S AU Rightley, M AF Rightley, M BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Calibration and validation of high explosives equations of state with an experimental cylinder test database SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB An equation of state (EOSs) for the products of a high explosive (HE) requires calibration in order to determine the appropriate value of material-specific parameters. This calibration is normally done with respect to experimental data, and for HE EOSs, the cylinder test is generally used. A database of experimental cylinder test results has been compiled. In a cylinder test, a metallic cylinder (usually copper) filled with the HE of interest is detonated. The cylinder expansion is observed using a streak camera, and detonation velocity is determined using time-of-arrival pins. Optimization, through matching test conditions and results to an EOS form, either directly or indirectly, gives the EOS parameter set. The current database of tests will be presented, as will progress in using this database to calibrate the parameters of the Jones-Wilkins-Lee EOS form. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rightley, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X-NH,Mail Stop F664, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600048 ER PT S AU Vorthman, JE Hixson, RS Anderson, WW Fritz, JN Shaw, MS AF Vorthman, JE Hixson, RS Anderson, WW Fritz, JN Shaw, MS BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Release isentropes in overdriven PBX 9502 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Experiments have been done to obtain product isentropes of the plastic bonded TATE explosive PBX 9502. A thin aluminum flyer was thrown at an explosive disk so as to generate a slate in excess of the Chapman-Jouguet pressure. Because the flyer is thin, the shock wave is followed by a release wave that lowers the pressure in the explosive products. The explosive disk was backed by a LiF tamper/window. Particle velocity at the explosive - window interface was measured with a velocity interferometer (VISAR) and measured particle velocity records were used to construct isentropes. Unexpected behavior is seen in the shape of the isentropes. Experimental details and the resulting isentropes will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vorthman, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600050 ER PT S AU Shaw, MS AF Shaw, MS BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI A theoretical equation of state for detonation products with chemical equilibrium composition of the surface of small carbon clusters SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A theoretical equation of state for detonation products is described and compared with various data. A perturbation theory approach is used for the mixture of molecular fluids that is based on Monte Carlo simulations. The solid carbon Is characterized as small clusters rather than as a bulk material. The free energy of the clusters is modeled as primarily additive contributions such as vibrational modes, bond strengths, and effective volumes. Up to 30% of the atoms in a diamond cluster are on the surface with dangling bonds capped by various groups composed of C, H, N, and O from the background fluid. A counting term similar to ideal entropy of mixing is also found for the surface composition. Competition between the U, TSI and PV terms in the Gibbs free energy leads to dramatic shifts in the surface composition in some regions. This in turn leads to shifts in the background fluid mixture composition and anomalous behavior in the total EOS. This behavior in PBX 9502 is in good agreement with recent data on release isentropes from overdriven states(1). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T14, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shaw, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T14, MS B214, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600053 ER PT S AU Fritz, JN AF Fritz, JN BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Waves at high-pressure and explosive-products equation of state SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID VELOCITIES AB In shock-wave physics, emphasis has changed from obtaining Hugoniot states to examining the properties of those states. States prepared by initial shocks can be probed by second waves. The overtaking wave experiments use this idea to obtain sound speeds in shocked states. Such a study(1) was done on PBX 9501. The diagnostic technique in the overtake experiments uses the radiation from a shock front in a covering material. In addition, explosive/window release measurements have been done with the VISAR technique. When one applies these techniques to a less ideal explosive such as PBX 9502, one finds initial transient effects and structures in release curves. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fritz, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600054 ER PT S AU Asay, JR AF Asay, JR BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Isentropic compression experiments on the Z accelerator SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID SHOCK-WAVE AB In many technological and scientific applications it is desirable to accurately determine the off Hugoniot isentropic response of materials at ultra-high pressures. Although unloading isentropes can be determined from unloading profiles, experimental techniques for measuring compressive isentropic response have been extremely limited. A brief summary is presented of the various techniques that have been developed for isentropically compressing materials to high pressure. A new technique is also discussed, which shows considerable promise for performing isentropic compression experiments with smooth ramp waves to multi-Mbar pressures. This approach uses the high current densities produced with fast pulsed power accelerators to create continuous magnetic loading to a few hundred kbar in the present study over time intervals of 100 ns. The method has been successfully applied on copper and iron to determine the isentropic compression curve in copper and evaluation of the kinetic properties of the alpha-epsilon phase transition in iron. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Asay, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 261 EP 266 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600058 ER PT S AU Germann, TC Holian, BL Lomdahl, PS AF Germann, TC Holian, BL Lomdahl, PS BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Plastic deformation in shock waves via molecular-dynamics simulations SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Using large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations, we have studied the propagation of elastic and plastic waves in three-dimensional crystals oriented along low-index directions. We have observed elastic precursors, followed by steady plastic waves (depending on propagation direction), which are the result of both simple, and quite complex, modes of plastic deformation. We present a review of earlier results, methods of computation and visualization, and prospects for further areas of study. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Germann, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 297 EP 300 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600066 ER PT S AU Brannon, RM AF Brannon, RM BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI A consistent kinetics porosity (CKP) model SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A theory is presented for the mechanical response of porous media to high-strain-rate deformations. The model is "consistent" because each feature is incorporated in a manner that is mathematically compatible with all the other features. Unlike simple p-a models, the onset of pore collapse depends (via a user-adjustable yield function) on the amount of shear present. The elastic part of the strain rate is linearly related to the stress rate, except for nonlinear contributions due to the change in the elastic moduli upon pore collapse. The inelastic part of the strain rate includes parts from plastic deformation of the matrix material, pore nucleation, and phase transformations in the matrix material. The plastic strain rate is taken normal to the yield surface. Consequently, if phase transformation and/or nucleation are simultaneously occurring, the inelastic strain rate will be non-normal to the yield surface. The matrix yield stress is permitted to harden linearly. Plastic volume changes of the matrix material are assumed negligible in comparison to macroscopic volume changes associated with pore collapse. Rate dependence is allowed via an overstress model. The theory has been exercised under a rigorous array of canonical loading paths with special care to ensure sensible response upon unloading and reloading. Results show good progress toward modeling a particular 10% porous ferroelectric ceramic. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brannon, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0820, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 301 EP 304 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600067 ER PT S AU Kipp, ME Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Wong, MK AF Kipp, ME Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Wong, MK BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Polyurethane foam impact experiments and simulations SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID SHOCK-WAVE AB Uniaxial strain impact experiments have been performed to obtain shock compression and release response of a 0.22 g/cm(3) polyurethane foam in a configuration where the foam impacts a thin target witness plate. Wave profiles from a suite of ten experiments have been obtained, where shock amplitudes range from 40 to 600 MPa. A traditional P-alpha porous material model generally captures the material response. A fully three-dimensional explicit representation of the heterogeneous foam structure modeled with numerical simulations recovers some of the high frequency aspects of the particle velocity records. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kipp, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600070 ER PT S AU Vorobiev, OY Antoun, TH Lomov, IN Glenn, LA AF Vorobiev, OY Antoun, TH Lomov, IN Glenn, LA BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI A strength and damage model for rock under dynamic loading SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID SHOCK AB A thermodynamically consistent strength and failure model for granite under dynamic loading has been developed and evaluated. The model agrees with static strength measurements and describes the effects of pressure hardening, bulking, porous compaction, porous dilation, tensile failure, and failure under compression due to distortional deformations. This paper briefly describes the model and the sensitivity of the simulated response to variations in the model parameters and in the inelastic deformation processes used in different simulations. 1D simulations of an underground explosion in granite are used in the sensitivity study. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vorobiev, OY (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600071 ER PT S AU Tonks, DL Vorthman, JE Hixson, R Kelly, A Zurek, AK AF Tonks, DL Vorthman, JE Hixson, R Kelly, A Zurek, AK BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Spallation studies on shock loaded U-6 wt pct Nb SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Several spallation experiments have been performed on the 6 wt pet alloy of uranium using gas gun driven normal plate impacts with VISAR instrumentation and soft recovery. The nominal shock pressures achieved were 28, 34, 42, 50, 55, and 82 kbar. This paper will focus on spallation modeling, e. g. using the 1 D characteristics code CHARADE to simulate the free surface particle velocity. The spallation model involves the ductile growth and coalescence of voids. Metallographical examination of recovered samples and details of the experimental apparatus are discussed in a separate paper. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tonks@lanl.gov; hixson@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 329 EP 332 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600074 ER PT S AU Henninger, RJ Maudlin, PJ AF Henninger, RJ Maudlin, PJ BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Code differentiation for hydrodynamic model optimization SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Use of a hydrodynamics code for experimental data fitting purposes tan optimization problem) requires information about how a computed result changes when the model parameters change. These so-called sensitivities provide the gradient that determines the search direction for modifying the parameters to find an optimal result. Here, we apply code-based automatic differentiation (AD) techniques applied in the forward and adjoint modes to two problems with 12 parameters to obtain these gradients and compare the computational efficiency and accuracy of the various methods. We fit the pressure trace from a one-dimensional flyer-plate experiment and examine the accuracy for a two-dimensional jet-formation problem. For the flyer-plate experiment, the adjoint mode requires similar or less computer time than the forward methods. Additional parameters will not change the adjoint mode run time appreciably, which is a distinct advantage for this method. Obtaining "accurate" sensitivities for the jet problem parameters remains problematic. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henninger, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 359 EP 362 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600081 ER PT S AU Kress, JD Bickham, SR Collins, LA Holian, BL Goedecker, S AF Kress, JD Bickham, SR Collins, LA Holian, BL Goedecker, S BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Tight-binding molecular dynamics of shock waves in hydrocarbons SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The behavior of shock-compressed methane, benzene, and polyethylene at high temperatures and pressures is studied using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics and linear-scaling tight-binding electronic structure theory. The quantum mechanical tight-binding description provides a reasonable model to study the dynamics of dissociating hydrocarbons (making and breaking of chemical bonds) at high temperatures and pressures. The shock Hugoniots, calculated directly from the simulations without predetermining the equation of state, are compared with experiment. For certain piston velocities, a chemical dissociation wave evolves behind the compressive shock front. For all three hydrocarbons considered, the dissociation region contains molecular hydrogen formed from atomic hydrogen released from broken C-H bonds. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kress, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 381 EP 384 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600086 ER PT S AU Howard, WM Fried, LE Souers, PC AF Howard, WM Fried, LE Souers, PC BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Modeling of non-ideal aluminized explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We have implemented a Wood-Kirkwood kinetic detonation model based on multi-species equations of state and multiple reaction rate laws. Finite rate laws are used for the slowest chemical reactions, while other reactions are given infinite rates and are kept in constant thermodynamic equilibrium. Within the context of WK theory, we study the chemical interaction between Al and HMX detonation products in nonideal explosives. We develop a kinetic rate law for the combustion of Al in a condensed detonation that depends on the pressure and the detonation product gases. We use a Murnaghan form for the equation of state of the solid and liquid Al and Al2O3. We find that we can replicate experimental detonation velocities for HMX/Al composites to within a few percent for a wide range of aluminum content. We discuss the uncertainties in our model and the implications of our results on the modeling of other non-ideal explosives C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Howard, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 389 EP 392 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600088 ER PT S AU Menikoff, R Kober, E AF Menikoff, R Kober, E BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Compaction waves in granular HMX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Piston driven compaction waves in a granular bed are simulated with a two-dimensional continuum mechanics code in which individual grains are resolved. The constitutive properties of the grains are modeled with a hydrostatic pressure and a simple elastic-plastic model for the shear stress. Parameters are chosen to correspond to inert HMX, and the initial bed chosen to represent a tightly packed random grain distribution with 19% porosity. By varying the piston velocity, waves were obtained ranging from weak partly compacted waves to strong fully compacted waves. The average stress and wave speed are compatible with the porous Hugoniot locus for uniaxial strain. However, the heterogeneities give rise to stress concentrations which lead to localized plastic flow. For weak waves, plastic deformation is the dominant dissipative mechanism and leads to dispersed waves that spread out in time. In addition to dispersion, the granular heterogeneities give rise to subgrain spatial variation in the thermodynamic variables. The peaks in the temperature fluctuations, known as hot-spots, are in the range that would have a critical effect on ignition sensitivity. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Menikoff, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 397 EP 400 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600090 ER PT S AU Anderson, WW Cverna, F Hixson, RS Vorthman, J Wilke, MD Gray, GT Brown, KL AF Anderson, WW Cverna, F Hixson, RS Vorthman, J Wilke, MD Gray, GT Brown, KL BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Phase transition and spall behavior in beta-tin SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID INTERFEROMETER AB We have undertaken a study of Sn in an effort to understand the spall and phase transition behavior of this material. The initial results, obtained with tin having 1-2% impurities, show the phase transformation from the beta to the gamma phase during the shock event with kinetic effects evident. Preliminary modeling suggests that the reverse transition occurs somewhat more rapidly than the forward transition. Records of the experimental free surface velocity show a signal usually considered indicative of spall, but analysis of a recovered sample calls that interpretation into question for the lower-pressure experiments. At higher shock pressures, flash x-ray images of the samples confirm that the samples did spall as expected. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 443 EP 446 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600101 ER PT S AU Thissell, WR Zurek, AK Tonks, DL Hixson, RS AF Thissell, WR Zurek, AK Tonks, DL Hixson, RS BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Experimental quantitative damage measurements and void growth model predictions in the spallation of tantalum SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Flyer plate experiments were performed on tantalum under incipient spallation loading conditions. The back surface velocities were recorded using a VISAR and the samples were soft-recovered. The resulting microstructural damage was quantified using image analysis and optical profilometry, This data was used to calibrate a void growth model of ductile fracture. Comparisons between experimental measurements and the calibrated model predictions for two different shock pressures are made. The results show that the VISAR pullback signal or "spall strength" is not a valid measure of dynamic failure resistance (energy) for the case of very clean high Peierls energy materials. The void growth model cannot adequately simulate the experimental tests slightly outside the calibration condition. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thissell, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 451 EP 454 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600103 ER PT S AU Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Wilson, LT AF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Wilson, LT BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Dynamic yield strength and spall strength determination for AerMet (R) 100 steels SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Well-controlled impact studies have been conducted on "as-received" and heat-treated AerMet(R) 100 steel alloy samples to determine their dynamic material properties. In particular, gas gun and time-resolved laser interferometry have been used to measure the fine structure in the particle velocity profiles resulting from symmetric plate impact. Impact velocities ranged from 0.40 km/s to 0.90 km/s. These experiments have allowed us to estimate the dynamic yield and spall strengths of the "as-received" and heat-treated AerMet(R) 100 steel. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reinhart, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 471 EP 474 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600108 ER PT S AU Hayes, D Hixson, RS McQueen, RG AF Hayes, D Hixson, RS McQueen, RG BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI High pressure elastic properties, solid-liquid phase boundary and liquid equation of state from release wave measurements in shock-loaded copper SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Measured release wave speeds in shock-loaded copper give information on high-pressure elastic properties up to the solid-liquid phase boundary at 2.32+/-0.05 Mbar. For impact pressures above 2.65+/-0.06 Mbar, the shocked state is completely melted copper and those release wave speeds give new experimental information on the liquid equation of state. The Hugoniot derived from solid and liquid equations of state developed from these experiments and the measured location of the phase boundary compare favorably with existing ab initio calculations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hayes, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600111 ER PT S AU Hixson, RS Vorthman, JE Zurek, AK Anderson, WW Tonks, DL AF Hixson, RS Vorthman, JE Zurek, AK Anderson, WW Tonks, DL BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Spall response of U-Nb (6%) alloy SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID URANIUM AB Experiments were done to measure the spall strength of U-NB (6%) alloy. Gas gun experiments were done to three different peak stress states, representing no spall, incipient spall, and complete spall. An experimental technique was developed to allow measurements of time-resolved particle velocity at the sample free surface, and soft recovery for post-experiment metallographical analysis. Elementary analyses were done on the time-resolved data to yield approximate spall strength. Preliminary results are described. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hixson, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 489 EP 492 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600112 ER PT S AU Stokes, J Fulton, RD Morgan, DV Obst, AW Oro, DM Oona, H Anderson, W Chandler, EA Egan, P AF Stokes, J Fulton, RD Morgan, DV Obst, AW Oro, DM Oona, H Anderson, W Chandler, EA Egan, P BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Material failure and pattern growth in shock-driven aluminum cylinders at the Pegasus facility SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Experiments on the Pegasus pulsed power facility have investigated material failure and the growth of sinusoidal perturbations machined on the free inner surface of both Al 1100 and Al 6061-T6 samples undergoing shocked acceleration The material behind the free surface exhibits massive microspall resulting in a volume of low-density material. Rapid pattern growth in the failed material and subsequent pattern growth on the surface, including jetting in some cases, were seen. Shock pressures were 15 GPa and 50 GPa. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Stokes, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600113 ER PT S AU Gray, GT Bourne, NK Zocher, MA Maudlin, PJ Millett, JCF AF Gray, GT Bourne, NK Zocher, MA Maudlin, PJ Millett, JCF BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Influence of crystallographic anisotropy on the Hopkinson fracture "spallation" of zirconium SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The influence of texture on the spallation (Hopkinson fracture) of low-symmetry metals (e.g. Zr, U, or Sn) has seen limited study. In this study, the Hopkinson fracture of annealed, high-purity Zr has been probed as a function of crystallographic texture. The quasi-static yield strength of the Zr studied is similar or equal to 2.5x higher in the plate's through-thickness direction compared to that measured in-plane due to a pronounced basal texture. The pullback signals of each orientation shocked to 5 GPa were found to be insensitive to the texture, although the HEL's and the soft-recovered, incipiently-spalled samples exhibited differences in their damage evolution. The VISAR wave profiles were modeled using a 3-D finite-volume method (FVM) continuum code. The VISAR, post-spallation metallographic observations, and modeling analysis are discussed with reference to the HEL and texture. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rusty@lanl.gov; n.k.bourne@rmcs.cranfield.ac.uk; zocher@lanl.gov; jcfm100@phy.cam.ac.ukl NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 509 EP 512 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600117 ER PT S AU Clements, BE AF Clements, BE BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Damage evolution in viscoelastic polymers SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID SOLIDS AB Constitutive relations are derived for viscoelastic polymers. These relations are applicable to polymers for temperatures above their glass transition temperature and strain rates ranging from quasistatic up to shock regimes. Linear viscoelasticity is assumed for small tensile deformations but nonlinear effects, arising from void growth, become important at larger strains. Our void growth model is based on a generalization of Eshelby's Green's function solution to the problem of an ellipsoidal void in an elastic material. We apply our analysis to study the mechanical properties of polyvinyl acetate under dynamic loading conditions. Void concentration and aspect ratio considerations are found to be important in general deformation events. Uniaxial tension tends to favor aspect ratio change, while non-spherical voids are observed to evolve into spherical ones as tensile strain approaches triaxiality. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clements, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 527 EP 530 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600121 ER PT S AU Johnson, JN Dick, JJ AF Johnson, JN Dick, JJ BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Spallation studies in Estane SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID DYNAMIC FRACTURE; SOLIDS AB Data are presented for the spall fracture of Estane. Estane has been studied previously to determine its low-pressure Hugoniot properties and high-rate viscoelastic response [J.N. Johnson, J.J. Dick and R.S. Hixson, J. Appl. Phys. 84, 2520 - 2529, 1998]. These results are used in the current analysis of spall fracture data for this material. Calculations are carried out with the characteristics code CHARADE and the finite-difference code FIDO. Comparison of model calculations with experimental data show the onset of spall failure to occur when the longitudinal stress reaches approximately 130 MPa in tension. At this point complete material separation does not occur, but rather the tensile strength in the material falls to approximately one-half the value at onset, as determined by CHARADE calculations. Finite-difference calculations indicate that the standard void-growth model (used previously to describe spall in metals) gives a reasonable approximation to the dynamic failure process in Estane. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 543 EP 546 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600125 ER PT S AU Anderson, MU Setchell, RE Cox, DE AF Anderson, MU Setchell, RE Cox, DE BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Shock and release behavior of filled and unfilled epoxies SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The shock and release behavior of both alumina-filled and unfilled epoxies are examined in planar impact experiments. The various materials investigated can be used as encapsulants in applications such as shock-activated pulsed power supplies. Characterizing their dynamic behavior under shock loading and subsequent release is part of a larger effort to develop predictive numerical models for the performance of these power sources. In the current study, reverse-impact techniques were used to establish Hugoniot states and subsequent release profiles for each material at several impact conditions. Laser interferometry (VISAR) was used in these experiments to determine the particle velocity history at the impact interface formed by a projectile-mounted epoxy sample and a stationary fused silica target. Conventional impact configurations and VISAR were used to observe transmitted waveforms under corresponding shock loading conditions. Transmitted waveforms at multiple Lagrangian locations were also recorded in selected experiments using embedded PVDF piezoelectric films. The results show expected differences in the dynamic properties of filled and unfilled epoxies, and similarities in the properties between different filled or unfilled epoxies. Comparisons between VISAR experiments and PVDF gauge experiments may indicate a rate-dependent response in this gauge material. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, MU (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 551 EP 554 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600127 ER PT S AU Holland, KG Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Furnish, MD AF Holland, KG Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Furnish, MD BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Experiments of Cercom SiC rods under impact SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Gas gun experiments combined with velocity interferometric techniques have been used to experimentally determine the loading behavior of sleeved Cercom silicon carbide rods. Graded density materials have been used as impactors, thereby eliminating the tension states generated by the radial stress components during the loading phase. Results of these experiments demonstrate that the time-dependent stress pulse generated during impact allows an efficient transition from the initial uniaxial strain loading to a uniaxial stress state as the stress pulse propagates through the rod allowing access to intermediate loading rates. Intermediate loading rates obtained in this configuration lie between split Hopkinson bar and shock-loading techniques. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holland, KG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 585 EP 588 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600135 ER PT S AU Hare, DE Webb, DJ Holmes, NC AF Hare, DE Webb, DJ Holmes, NC BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Imaging shocked sapphire at 200-460 kbar: The effect of crystal orientation on optical emission SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We have taken 12 - 50 ns exposure duration images of 200 - 460 kbar shock loaded, single crystal sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) windows of the c-cut (0001), r-cut (1,-1,0,2) and a-cut (1,1,-2,0) orientations. We find that the spectra of the emission are broad and relatively featureless, extending at least from 760 to 280 nm. Images of this emission at the lower end of the stress range (200 - 220 kbar) show that it is spatially very heterogeneous, coming from a few seemingly-randomly distributed locations within the crystal. This emission heterogeneity becomes more fine-grained with increasing shock stress. Finally, the r-cut orientation produces significantly less emission than the other two orientations at the same stress. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hare, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 637 EP 640 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600147 ER PT S AU Idar, DJ Straight, JW Osborn, MA Coulter, WL Buntain, GA AF Idar, DJ Straight, JW Osborn, MA Coulter, WL Buntain, GA BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Low amplitude impact of damaged PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Low amplitude impact tests on pristine and damaged, 'baseline' and 'aged' PBX 9501 specimens were performed to determine the critical impact-velocity threshold for violent reactions. HE damage was achieved by a single impact ranging in velocity from 36.9 to 54.4 m/s. External blast gauge and ballistic pendulum data were used to evaluate reaction violence relative to a steady-state detonation. Strain gage data were used to evaluate the response of the explosive to impact and characterize subsequent reaction profiles. Test results show that the damaged threshold 1) is lower than the pristine threshold and 2) is invariant to PBX 9501 lot-to-lot and age variables. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Idar, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 655 EP 658 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600151 ER PT S AU Skidmore, CB Phillips, DS Asay, BW Idar, DJ Howe, PM Bolme, DS AF Skidmore, CB Phillips, DS Asay, BW Idar, DJ Howe, PM Bolme, DS BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Microstructural effects in PBX 9501 damaged by shear impact SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Various microstructural mechanisms have been suggested for ignition in explosives subjected to impact by low-velocity projectiles. In this study, the effects of shear on the microstructure of PBX 9501 are described. The pseudo two-dimensional, shear-impact experiment, previously employed by Asay, et al. to dynamically study strain localization, is engaged to create shear damage. Impact is achieved by utilizing a gas gun projectile to drive a plunger, which is in contact with the explosive. Post-test microstructural analysis corroborates the observations of other researchers using different diagnostics. Observed features include evidence of shear displacement, the formation of a wedge structure, and reaction in open cracks emanating from the high shear region of the sample. This study also contributes insights concerning the behavior of HMX particles subjected to shear stress. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Skidmore, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 659 EP 662 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600152 ER PT S AU Chidester, SK Tarver, CM DePiero, AH Garza, RG AF Chidester, SK Tarver, CM DePiero, AH Garza, RG BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Single and multiple impact ignition of new and aged high explosives in the Steven impact test SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Threshold impact velocities for ignition of exothermic reaction were determined for several new and aged HMX-based solid high explosives using three types of projectiles in the Steven Test. Multiple impact threshold velocities were found to be approximately 10% lower in damaged charges that did not react in one or more prior impacts. Projectiles with protrusions that concentrate the friction work in a small volume of explosive reduced the threshold velocities by approximately 30%. Flat projectiles required nearly twice as high velocities for ignition as rounded projectiles. Blast overpressure gauges were used for both pristine and damaged charges to quantitatively measure reaction violence. Reactive flow calculations of single and multiple impacts with various projectiles suggest that the ignition rates double in damaged charges. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chidester, SK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-125, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chidester1@llnl.gov; tarver1@llnl.gov; garza2@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 663 EP 666 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600153 ER PT S AU Blumenthal, WR Gray, GT Idar, DJ Holmes, MD Scott, PD Cady, CM Cannon, DD AF Blumenthal, WR Gray, GT Idar, DJ Holmes, MD Scott, PD Cady, CM Cannon, DD BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Influence of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of PBX 9502 and Kel-F 800 (TM) SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Compression measurements were conducted on plastic-bonded explosive PBX 9502 and its binder, Kel-F 800(TM), as a function of temperature from -55 degrees C to +55 degrees C using an improved split Hopkinson pressure bar at high strain rates (approximate to 1400 s(-1)) and at low strain rates (approximate to 0.001 to 0.1 s(-1)) at ambient temperatures. PBX 9502 exhibits lower dynamic compressive strength, but is much less sensitive to strain rate and temperature, than PBX 9501. In contrast, the mechanical response of the Kel-F 800(TM) binder is stronger than pure (or plasticized) Estane(TM), but is again less strain rate and temperature dependent. The effects of longitudinal and transverse loading orientations (due to preferred orientation of TATE) and virgin versus recycled TATE on the properties of PBX 9502 are presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blumenthal, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop G-755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 671 EP 674 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600155 ER PT S AU Dick, JJ AF Dick, JJ BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Stress-strain response of PBX 9501 below 1 gigapascal from embedded magnetic gauge data using Lagrangian analysis SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Unsteady compressive waves were measured in the plastic-bonded, HMX-based explosive PBX 9501 using multiple, embedded, magnetic gauges that measured particle velocity. Records were obtained for impact stresses near 300 and 570 MPa. These results are analyzed using Lagrangian analysis to obtain stress-time and stress-strain curves at gauge positions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dick, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp DX-1,MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 683 EP 686 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600158 ER PT S AU Zaug, JM Farber, DL Craig, IM Blosch, LL Shuh, DK Hansen, DW Aracne-Ruddle, CM AF Zaug, JM Farber, DL Craig, IM Blosch, LL Shuh, DK Hansen, DW Aracne-Ruddle, CM BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Quasi-dynamic pressure and temperature initiated beta <->delta solid phase transitions in HMX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The phase transformation of beta-HMX (> 0.5% RDX) to delta phase has been studied for over twenty years and more recently with an high-contrast optical second harmonic generation technique. Shock studies of the plastic binder composites of HMX have indicated that the transition is perhaps irreversible, a result that concurs with the static pressure results published by F. Goetz et al. [1] in 1978. However, the stability field favors the beta polymorph over delta as pressure is increased (up to 5.4 GPa) along any thermodynamically reasonable isotherm. in this experiment, strict control of pressure and temperature is maintained while x-ray and optical diagnostics are applied to monitor the conformational dynamics of HMX. Unlike the temperature induced beta --> delta transition, the pressure induced is heterogeneous in nature. The 1 bar 25 degrees C delta --> beta transition is not immediate, occuring over tens of hours. Transition points and kinetics are path dependent and consequently this paper describes our work in progress. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zaug, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Craig, Ian/C-3799-2009 OI Craig, Ian/0000-0003-4481-3700 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 695 EP 698 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600161 ER PT S AU Mang, JT Skidmore, CB Howe, PM Hjelm, RP Rieker, TP AF Mang, JT Skidmore, CB Howe, PM Hjelm, RP Rieker, TP BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Structural characterization of energetic materials by small angle scattering SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Microstructural aspects (particle size, defect structures, etc.) of energetic materials can affect their response to certain stimuli and are thus of great interest from both safety and performance perspectives. Small angle scattering (SAS) is well suited for microstructural characterization of energetic materials, allowing for quantitative measurement of particle/pore (open and closed) morphology and size distribution, as well as surface area. Here, we present small angle neutron (SANS) and x-ray (SAXS) scattering measurements of loose powders and pressed pellets of the energetic materials HMX, PBX 9501 and TATE. Analysis of the SANS and SAXS data reveals number averaged particle size distributions in good agreement with light scattering techniques and significant alteration of the intragranular pore structure and pressing-dependent shifts in the surface area. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mang, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 699 EP 702 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600162 ER PT S AU Phillips, DS Schwarz, RB Skidmore, CB Hiskey, MA Son, SF AF Phillips, DS Schwarz, RB Skidmore, CB Hiskey, MA Son, SF BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Some observations on the structure of TATB SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; 1,3,5-TRIAMINO-2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENE AB The recent discovery of second-harmonic light generation (SHG) from 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) has renewed interest in both the crystallography and the identification of defect structures in this material. The accepted crystal structure is triclinic but centrosymmetric (P-l); SHG is not expected from materials of this symmetry. A wide variety of syntheses have been shown to produce SHG efficient materials, including an emulsion technique, two recrystallization methods, and a combined reaction precipitation process. In addition, two standard commercial powders have shown the property after annealing in the 300 degrees C range. We have examined the structures of several of these powders using polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). We find that SHG efficient materials typically contain crystals both more transparent and more strongly faceted (i.e. "more perfect") than weak-SHG ones and that the positive samples show stronger texture in their powder diffraction patterns. These results are compared with predictions from Cady's structure. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Phillips, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 707 EP 710 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600164 ER PT S AU Kennedy, JE Lee, KY Son, SF Martin, ES Asay, BW Skidmore, CB AF Kennedy, JE Lee, KY Son, SF Martin, ES Asay, BW Skidmore, CB BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Second-harmonic generation and the shock sensitivity of TATB SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION AB The recent discovery of significant differences in second-harmonic generation (SHG) from various grades of 1,3,5 -triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) prompted an investigation into the sensitivity of TATE based upon the crystal structure and morphology as indicated by SHG intensity. The Floret test was used as a means for rank ordering the shock sensitivity properties of fine TATE samples. Two types of TATE, which showed low SHG and performed poorly, were heated to obtain a much higher level of SHG, and then tested to compare sensitivities. One of the samples was significantly desensitized, and the sensitivity of the other was unchanged. Interpretations are presented which attempt to explain the relationship of SHG to the shock sensitivity of TATE. Although particle size and pressing density appear to be the main drivers for shock sensitivity, SHG intensity evaluations may help explain departures from those trends. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kennedy, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 711 EP 714 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600165 ER PT S AU Davis, LL Sheffield, SA Engelke, R AF Davis, LL Sheffield, SA Engelke, R BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Detonation properties of bromonitromethane SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Bromonitromethane (CH2BrNO2)(BrNM) is chemically similar to nitromethane (NM), with one hydrogen atom replaced by bromine. It is a liquid explosive with an initial density of 2.009 g/cm(3). We have shown its sensitivity to shock to be similar to neat NM. Its von Neumann spike pressure is calculated to be nearly twice that of NM while the CT pressure appears to be only slightly higher than NM. The sound speed of BrNM was measured to be 1.16 km/s and was used in the Universal Liquid Hugoniot (1). Shock Hugoniot measurements were shown to be consistent with this prediction. In addition, we report the results of failure diameter measurements, and the diameter effect curve in brass confinement. Detonation wave profiles obtained using VISARs that record the interface particle velocity between detonating BrNM and a poly(methyl methacrylate) window are also reported. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, LL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 785 EP 788 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600182 ER PT S AU Sheffield, SA Davis, LL Engelke, R AF Sheffield, SA Davis, LL Engelke, R BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Detonation properties of nitromethane, deuterated nitromethane and bromonitromethane SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID ACI ION AB Liquid nitromethane (CH3NO2 - NM) is an important explosive material because of its chemical and physical simplicity. It has proved useful in studies of the chemistry and physics of initiation and detonation. We have experimentally investigated some of the effects on its properties due to replacing one of its hydrogen atoms with bromine (BrNM) and all its hydrogen atoms with deuterium (DNM). French workers have found that the failure diameter of DNM in glass is more than double that of NM.(1) We report critical diameters and diameter effect curves for NM, BrNM, and DNM confined in brass. In addition, detonation wave profiles were obtained by use of VISAR techniques. We recorded interface particle velocity profiles between the detonating liquids and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) windows, DNM has a larger critical diameter in brass than either NM or BrNM. DNM's diameter-effect curve lies below that of NM and above that of BrNM. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sheffield, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 789 EP 792 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600183 ER PT S AU Hill, LG Bdzil, JB Davis, WC Engelke, R Frost, DL AF Hill, LG Bdzil, JB Davis, WC Engelke, R Frost, DL BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Front curvature analysis and detonation shock dynamics calibration for pure and sensitized nitromethane SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Archival front curvature data from two studies of nitromethane detonating in Pyrex tubes are re-read from the original films to obtain detonation wave shapes. Each data set is fit with an analytic form, for which the fitting parameters are tabulated. The wavefront fits are also plotted in normal velocity-curvature (D-n[kappa]) space in which, according to the simplest detonation shock dynamics model, they should follow a common curve. All D-n[kappa] curves do overlay for sufficiently small curvatures, but diverge at larger curvatures. A single best D-n[kappa] function is obtained by a global optimization scheme that considers both the diameter effect curve and each shock shape. The effect of a concentration chi of diethylenetriamine sensitizer is estimated by scaling this calibration function for pure nitromethane kin a manner consistent with sensitized rate stick data, giving a calibration surface D-n[kappa, chi]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hill, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 813 EP 816 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600189 ER PT S AU Dickson, PM Asay, BW Henson, BF Fugard, CS Wong, J AF Dickson, PM Asay, BW Henson, BF Fugard, CS Wong, J BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Measurement of phase change and thermal decomposition kinetics during cookoff of PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID TRANSITION AB Models describing the kinetics of HMX slow decomposition in terms of reduced 3-step Arrhenius kinetics have been very successful in predicting time-to-explosion for HMX-based explosives over a wide range of heating rates. However, the detailed reaction and temperature profiles predicted by these codes have not been tested, and in particular, the accuracy of the predicted ignition location, which is thought to be an important factor in determining the subsequent reaction violence, is unknown. Experiments have been conducted to make spatially and temporally resolved temperature measurements in a cylindrical charge of PBX 9501 during external heating to cookoff. These data provide a direct comparison with the predictions of thermochemical models, and indicate that the existing models do not capture the detailed response of the process. The data have been used to develop a modified reduced kinetic scheme which models the process more accurately. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Dickson, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 837 EP 840 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600195 ER PT S AU Berghout, HL Son, SF Asay, BW AF Berghout, HL Son, SF Asay, BW BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Measurement of convective burn rates in gaps of PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Impact or thermal ignition of high explosives, HE, results in deformation that can lead to fracture. Fracture, combined with high pressure, dramatically increases the available surface area and changes the mode of combustion. Recent impact and cookoff experiments on PBX 9501, (HMX, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, with a binder), have shown complex cracking patterns caused by impact or pressurization. Fast reactive waves have been observed to propagate through the cracks at about 500 m/s. We present experiments that investigate the propagation of fast reactive waves in cracks of PBX 9501, focusing on the reactive wave velocity and on the interplay of pressure and crack size. Experiments at initial pressures of 6.0 MPa reveal nonoscillatory reactive wave propagation velocities around 7 m/s for a 100 mu m slot. Similar experiments at lower pressure exhibit unstable reactive wave propagation in the slot with periodic oscillations whose frequencies vary with combustion vessel pressure. In threshold pressure experiments for combustion propagation into closed end slots of PBX 9501 we find that combustion propagates into 2 mm, 1 mm, and 100 mu m slots at approximately 0.1, 0.2, and 0.9 MPa, respectively. This is the first known study that focuses on the effect of convective burning in voids of PBX 9501. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berghout, HL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 841 EP 844 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600196 ER PT S AU Tarver, CM AF Tarver, CM BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Next generation experiments and models for shock initiation and detonation of solid explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID WAVES; PRESSURE AB Current phenomenological hydrodynamic reactive flow models, such as Ignition and Growth and Johnson-Tang-Forest, when normalized to embedded gauge and laser velocimetry data, have been very successful in predicting shock initiation and detonation properties of solid explosives in most scenarios. However, since these models use reaction rates based on the compression and pressure of the reacting mixture, they can not easily model situations in which the local temperature, which controls the local reaction rate, changes differently from the local pressure. With the advent of larger, faster, parallel computers, microscopic modeling of the hot spot formation processes and Arrhenius chemical kinetic reaction rates that dominate shock initiation and detonation can now be attempted. Such a modeling effort can not be successful without nanosecond or better time resolved experimental data on these processes. The experimental and modeling approaches required to build the next generation of physically realistic reactive flow models are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tarver, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-125, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tarverl@llnl.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 873 EP 877 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600204 ER PT S AU Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR Hill, LG Winter, RE Salisbury, DA Taylor, P AF Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR Hill, LG Winter, RE Salisbury, DA Taylor, P BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Initiation of EDC-37 measured with embedded electromagnetic particle velocity gauges SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Planar shock wave initiation of the explosive EDC-37 was studied using multiple embedded magnetic particle velocity gauges. EDC-37 consists of (by weight) 91% HMX, 1% nitrocellulose, and 8% K10, a liquid eutectic mixture of di-nitro-ethyl-benzene and tri-nitro-ethyl-benzene. Its nominal density is 1.841 +/- 0.002 g/cm(3). The Hugoniot for EDC-37 was measured as U-3 = 2.4 + 2.4u(p), similar to other explosives of this density containing at least 90% HMX. The run distance to detonation, X*, vs. shock pressure P, was measured as log(X*) = 2.0-1.5 log(P). This curve is shifted to a few GPa higher pressure compared to that of other plastic bonded explosives containing 90 - 95 % HMX. This shift is most likely due to the low void content of EDC-37. Like other high density HMX based explosives, EDC-37 initiates with wave profiles having a little increase in particle velocity at the shock front (heterogeneous initiation), and also a second wave which starts small at the impact surface, grows as it travels, and reaches a large amplitude when it overtakes the shock front (homogeneous initiation). This latter characteristic indicates a time delay between formation of hot spots and release of hot spot energy. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gustavsen, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 879 EP 882 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600205 ER PT S AU Tarver, CM Forbes, JW Urtiew, PA Garcia, F AF Tarver, CM Forbes, JW Urtiew, PA Garcia, F BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Shock sensitivity of LX-04 at 150 degrees C SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Hazard scenarios can involve multiple stimuli, such as heating followed by fragment impact. The shock response of LX-04 (85 weight % HMX and 15 weight % Viton binder) preheated to temperatures near 150 degrees C is studied in a 10.2 cm bore diameter gas gun using embedded manganin pressure gauges. The pressure histories at various depths in the LX-04 targets and the run distances to detonation at several input shock pressures are measured and compared to those previously obtained in ambient temperature and 170 degrees C LX-04. Since the beta to delta phase transition in HMX occurs at 165 degrees C, these experiments are designed to determine whether the observed increase in shock sensitivity is due in part to the 6% volume expansion caused by this phase transition. The experiments show that LX-04 exhibits the same sensitivity at 150 degrees C and 170 degrees C. The Ignition and Growth reactive flow model developed for 170 degrees C LX-04 works equally well for LX-04 at 150 degrees C. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tarver, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tarver1@llnl.gov; forbes1@llnl.gov; urtiew1@llnl.gov; garcia13@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 891 EP 894 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600208 ER PT S AU Mulford, RN Swift, DC AF Mulford, RN Swift, DC BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Reactive flow models for the desensitization of high explosive SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Mechanical desensitisation of explosives (e.g. by a preshock) has important technological consequences for safety and performance. Many widely-used reactive flow models are not capable of reproducing the desensitisation observed in experiments such as double-shock particle velocity profiles. Improved models are under development, where we intend to incorporate enough flexibility to reproduce experimentally observed shock desensitisation while retaining plausible and computationally practical physical models for the equations of state (unreacted, partially-reacted and products), equilibration processes and reaction rate. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mulford, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 895 EP 898 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600209 ER PT S AU Knudson, MD Gupta, YM AF Knudson, MD Gupta, YM BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Use of stimulated emission to measure R-line shifts in shocked ruby crystals SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID C-AXIS; COMPRESSION; SPECTRUM; TENSION AB In previous studies, ruby R-line shifts under shock compression and tension have been measured using the spontaneous luminescence from optically pumped samples. Signal intensities obtained through the use of this method are limited by the short time duration of the experiments (100 ns to several mu s) in comparison to the long lifetime of the luminescence (approximately 3 ms). We have investigated the use of stimulated emission as a technique for measuring R-line shifts in shocked ruby crystals. Feasibility experiments were performed both at ambient conditions and under shock compression to 60 kbar using an experimental configuration similar to that used for time resolved ruby luminescence measurements in previous shock wave studies. Signal gain due to stimulated emission was observed, with gains ranging from 1.1 to 3.4, in agreement with calculations performed for the particular experimental configuration used. The present results make a good case for incorporating this technique to measure shock induced R-line shifts in ruby. Work supported by DSWA. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knudson, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 963 EP 966 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600225 ER PT S AU Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Setchell, RE Montgomery, ST AF Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Setchell, RE Montgomery, ST BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Dynamic electromechanical characterization of axially poled PZT 95/5 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We are conducting a comprehensive experimental study of the electromechanical behavior of poled PZT 95/5 (lead zirconate titanate). As part of this study, eight plane-wave tests have been conducted on axially poled PZT 95/5 at stress levels ranging from 0.9 to 4.6 Cpa, using VISAR and electrical diagnostics. Observed wave velocities were slightly decreased from ultrasonic values, by contrast with unpoled samples. Compression waveforms show a step at 0.6 GPa more marked than for normally poled or unpoled samples; this may correspond to a poling effect on the ferroelectric/antiferroelectric transition. A similar step is observed on release. The released charge upon loading to 0.9 GPa is consistent with nearly complete depoling. Loading to higher stresses gave lower currents (factor of 10), suggesting shock-induced conductivity or electrical breakdown. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Furnish, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 975 EP 978 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600228 ER PT S AU Setchell, RE Montgomery, ST Chhabildas, LC Furnish, MD AF Setchell, RE Montgomery, ST Chhabildas, LC Furnish, MD BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI The effects of shock stress and field strength on shock-induced depoling of normally poled PZT 95/5 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Shock-induced depoling of the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 95/5 is utilized in a number of pulsed power devices. Several experimental and theoretical efforts are in progress in order to improve numerical simulations of these devices. In this study we have examined the shock response of normally poled PZT 95/5 under uniaxial strain conditions. On each experiment the current produced in an external circuit and the transmitted waveform at a window interface were recorded. The peak electrical field generated within the PZT sample was varied through the choice of external circuit resistance. Shock pressures were varied from 0.6 to 4.6 GPa, and peak electrical fields were varied from 0.2 to 37 kV/cm. For a 2.4 GPa shock and the lowest peak field, a nearly constant current governed simply by the remanent polarization and the shock velocity was recorded. Both decreasing the shock pressure and increasing the electrical field resulted in reduced current generation, indicating a retardation of the depoling kinetics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Setchell, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 979 EP 982 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600229 ER PT S AU Trott, WM Knudson, MD Chhabildas, LC Asay, JR AF Trott, WM Knudson, MD Chhabildas, LC Asay, JR BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Measurements of spatially resolved velocity variations in shock compressed heterogeneous materials using a line-imaging velocity interferometer SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Relatively straightforward changes in the design of a conventional optically recording velocity interferometer system (ORVIS) can be used to produce a line-imaging instrument that allows adjustment of spatial resolution over a wide range. As a result, line-imaging ORVIS can be tailored to various specific applications involving dynamic deformation of heterogeneous materials as required by their characteristic length scales (ranging from a few mu m for ferroelectric ceramics to a few mm for concrete). A line-imaging system has been successfully interfaced to a compressed gas gun driver and fielded on numerous tests in combination with simultaneous dual delay-leg, "push-pull" VISAR measurements. These tests include shock loading of glass-reinforced polyester composites, foam reverberation experiments (measurements at the free surface of a thin aluminum plate impacted by foam), and measurements of dispersive velocity in a shock-loaded explosive simulant (sugar). Results are presented that illustrate the capability for recording detailed spatially resolved material response. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trott, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wmtrott@sandia.gov; mdknuds@sandia.gov; lcchhab@sanida.gov; jrasay@sandia.gov; lcchhab@sanida.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 993 EP 998 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600232 ER PT S AU Moore, DS Gahagan, KT Buelow, SJ Rabie, RL Funk, DJ Sheffield, SA Davis, LL Lippert, T Brand, H Nicholson, JW AF Moore, DS Gahagan, KT Buelow, SJ Rabie, RL Funk, DJ Sheffield, SA Davis, LL Lippert, T Brand, H Nicholson, JW BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Time- and space-resolved optical probing of the shock rise time in thin aluminum films SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN INTERFEROMETER; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PLASMA; WAVES; PHASE AB The time resolution of most common methods (various forms of interferometry, e.g. VISAR, Fabry-Perot, ORVIS) used to measure the free surface particle velocity as a shock exits from a shocked material is from a few ns down to about 200 ps. Dlott et al. have recently obtained a shock rise time resolution of about 25 ps using a method involving singular value decomposition of coherent anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) spectra from thin film nanogauges. We are using frequency domain interferometric methods utilizing 120 fs pulses from a chirped-pulse amplified Ti:sapphire laser to measure the particle velocity rise time as a shock (driven by ca. 0.5 mi pulses focussed to 75 mu m diameter) exits the free surface of 0.5-2 mu m aluminium films on thin glass substrates, following the example of Evans, et al. Some preliminary results of these investigations are reported. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moore, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013; Lippert, Thomas/N-2423-2016 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1003 EP 1006 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600234 ER PT S AU Gold, DM Celliers, PM Collins, GW DaSilva, LB Cauble, RC Kalantar, DH Weber, SV Remington, BA AF Gold, DM Celliers, PM Collins, GW DaSilva, LB Cauble, RC Kalantar, DH Weber, SV Remington, BA BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Optical interferometry diagnostics in laser-driven equation of state experiments SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We have developed and tested several optical interferometric diagnostics to measure preheat and shock velocity in high-pressure equation of state experiments on the Nova laser. Theory and practical application of interferometric measurement techniques with illustrative experimental results are presented. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gold, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1007 EP 1010 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600235 ER PT S AU Urtiew, PA Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Garcia, F AF Urtiew, PA Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Garcia, F BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Calibration of manganin pressure gauges at 250 degrees C SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID SHOCK AB During the past several decades manganin gauges have been used extensively for making insitu high pressure measurements in materials under dynamic loading conditions. Prior to their use manganin gauges were calibrated but only under normal ambient temperatures. Recent interest in the behavior of both reactive and inert materials, when they were subjected to dynamic loading while being at high initial temperature, required a re-visit of the calibration procedure and reconfirmation of the gauges' proper behavior in such an extreme thermal environment. The paper describes the procedure of making such new calibrations of the existing manganin gauges and reports on the new findings. The Hugoniot for 6061-T6 aluminum at 250 degrees C is also given. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Urtiew, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1019 EP 1022 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600238 ER PT S AU Sheffield, SA Gustavsen, RL Alcon, RR AF Sheffield, SA Gustavsen, RL Alcon, RR BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI In-situ magnetic gauging technique used at LANL - Method and shock information obtained SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Measuring techniques, including magnetic gauges, quartz gauges, manganin gauges, PVDF gauges, velocity interferometry, piezoelectric pins, shorting pins, flash gaps, etc., have been used over the years in shock experiments in condensed phase materials. The use of a particular technique depends on the measured parameter and the sample material properties. This paper concentrates on in-situ magnetic gauging which is particularly useful in high explosive (HE) shock initiation experiments. A short history of this technique will be given but the main discussion will concentrate on the multiple magnetic gauge technique developed at Los Alamos National Lab.(LANL). Vorthman and Wackerle(1,2) started the technique development in 1980, concentrating on particle velocity and "impulse" gauges so that Lagrange analysis could be used to map the entire reactive field. Over the years, changes to the gauge design, fabrication, and experimental focus have led to the present LANL technique. During the past two years measurements have tracked the reactive wave evolution resulting from a shock-to-detonation transition in several high explosive materials. Analysis of the data from a single experiment provides: 1) an unreacted Hugoniot point in which both the shock velocity and particle velocity are measured, 2) shock front tracking, 3) ten particle velocity profiles which measure the reactive wave evolution, 4) a "Pop-plot" distance-(time-)to-detonation point, and 5) a 3% measurement of the detonation velocity. Details of the experimental setup and information from several experiments will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sheffield, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1043 EP 1048 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600243 ER PT S AU Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Winfree, NA Grady, DE AF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Winfree, NA Grady, DE BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Dynamic properties of tributyl phosphate SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Controlled impact methodology has been used on the powdergun to obtain dynamic behavior properties of Tributyl Phosphate (TBP). A novel test methodology is used to provide extremely accurate equation of state data of the liquid from 0.3 GPa to 13 GPa. The thin aluminum plate used for confining the liquid also serves as a diagnostic to provide (1) the reshock state from 0.6 Cpa to 28 GPa and (2) subsequent release adiabats from the reshocked state. The test methodology and the results are presented in this paper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reinhart, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1071 EP 1074 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600248 ER PT S AU Lawrence, RJ Asay, JR Trucano, TG Hall, CA AF Lawrence, RJ Asay, JR Trucano, TG Hall, CA BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Analysis of radiation-driven explosive flyers SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB There is great interest in being able to use the x-ray output from a Z-pinch for equation of state measurements at extreme conditions. However, the direct x-ray output from the pinch produces a very sharp and rapidly attenuating pressure pulse in target materials. To obtain high quality measurements with this source, a mechanism for generating non-attenuating waves is needed. One possibility involves using the x-ray source to throw a near-normal density intermediate driver at the target, a situation similar to more conventional configurations. To scope out preliminary design parameters, we used the ALEGRA code to simulate a number of different possibilities involving the driver and the gap between it and the target. We used a somewhat idealized radiation source-a main x-ray pulse 30 ns long at its base and peaking at a blackbody temperature of 100 eV. The calculations suggest that a 100-micron aluminum driver with a 90-micron gap will yield a 15-ns-wide non-attenuating pulse with an amplitude of over 250 GPa. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lawrence, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1079 EP 1082 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600250 ER PT S AU Stahl, DB Gehr, RJ Harper, RW Rupp, TD Sheffield, SA Robbins, DL AF Stahl, DB Gehr, RJ Harper, RW Rupp, TD Sheffield, SA Robbins, DL BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Flyer velocity characteristics of the laser-driven MiniFlyer system SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The laser-driven MiniFlyer system is used to launch a small, thin flyer plate for impact on a target. Consequently, it is an indirect drive technique that de-couples the shock from the laser beam profile. The flyer velocity can be controlled by adjustment of the laser energy. The upper limits on the flyer velocity involve the ability of the substrate window to transmit the laser light without absorbing, reflecting, etc.; i.e., a maximum amount of laser energy is directly converted into kinetic energy of the flyer plate. We have investigated the use of sapphire, quartz, and BK-7 glass as substrate windows. In the past, a particular type of sapphire has been used for nearly all MiniFlyer experiments. Results of this study in terms of the performance of these window materials, based on flyer velocity are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stahl, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1087 EP 1090 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600252 ER PT S AU Glenn, LA AF Glenn, LA BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI On improving the penetration of commercial shaped charge perforators SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Computational analysis demonstrated that the penetration of a shaped charge jet could be substantially enhanced by imploding the liner in a high pressure light gas atmosphere. The gas pressure helps confine the jet on the axis of penetration in the latter stages of formation. A light gas, such as helium or hydrogen, is required in order to keep the gas density low enough so as not to inhibit liner collapse. The computational analysis has now been experimentally confirmed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glenn, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1137 EP 1140 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600264 ER PT S AU Asay, JR Hall, CA Holland, KG Bernard, MA Stygar, WA Spielman, RB Rosenthal, SE McDaniel, DH Hayes, DB AF Asay, JR Hall, CA Holland, KG Bernard, MA Stygar, WA Spielman, RB Rosenthal, SE McDaniel, DH Hayes, DB BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Isentropic compression of iron with the Z Accelerator SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Development of isentropic loading techniques is a long standing goal of the shock physics community. We have used the Sandia Z Accelerator to produce smoothly increasing pressure loading on planar iron specimens over time durations of 100 ns and for pressures to 300 kbar. Free surface velocity measurements were made on specimens 0.5-mm and 0.8-mm thick that clearly show wave evolution into the well known two-wave structure resulting from the alpha-epsilon phase transition. The resulting wave profiles are analyzed with a rate-dependent phase transition model to extract information on phase transformation kinetics for isentropic compression of iron. Comparison of the experiments and calculations demonstrate the value of isentropic loading for studying phase transition kinetics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Asay, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1151 EP 1154 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600267 ER PT S AU Reinovsky, RE Trainor, RJ AF Reinovsky, RE Trainor, RJ BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Hydrodynamic and material properties experiments using pulsed power techniques SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Within the last five years, a new approach to the exploration of dynamic material properties and advanced hydrodynamics at extreme conditions has joined the traditional techniques of high velocity guns and explosives. This new application uses electromagnetic energy to accelerate solid density material to produce shocks in a cylindrical target. The principal tool for producing high energy density environments is the high precision, magnetically imploded, near-solid density cylindrical liner. The most attractive pulsed power system for driving such experiments is an ultrahigh current, low impedance, microsecond time scale source that is economical both to build and to operate. Two families of pulsed power systems can be applied to drive such experiments. The 25-MJ Atlas capacitor bank system currently under construction at Los Alamos is the first system of its scale specifically designed to drive high precision solid liners. Delivering 30 MA, Atlas will provide liner velocities 12-15 km/sec and kinetic energies of 1-2 MJ/cm with extensive diagnostics and excellent reproducibility. Explosive flux compressor technology provides access to currents exceeding 100 MA producing liner velocities above 25 km/sec and kinetic energies of 5-20 MJ/cm in single shot operations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reinovsky, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D420, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1159 EP 1162 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600269 ER PT S AU Wood, BP Trainor, RJ Keinigs, RK AF Wood, BP Trainor, RJ Keinigs, RK BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Shock compression experimental capabilities of the Atlas facility SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Atlas is a high-energy pulsed-power facility under construction at Los Alamos National Laboratory. When completed in late 2000, Atlas will provide a laboratory environment to perform shock compression experiments in regimes presently unattainable by other methods. The high-energy-density environment on Atlas will be produced by the rapid (similar to 4 mu s) implosion of a 20-40 gram, similar to 4 cm radius, 4 cm length cylindrical aluminum or aluminum/high-Z composite liner, driven by a fast current pulse of similar to 32 MA from a 24 MJ capacitor bank. Implosion velocities up to 20 km/s are predicted, allowing Hugoniot experiments to similar to 20 Mbar and quasi-adiabatic compression to several Mbar. However, many issues face us in performing such experiments, including how to diagnose conditions inside the imploding liner, how to correct results for distortions and density gradients created by the cylindrical geometry and magnetic drive, and how to prevent geometric distortions and instabilities from degrading results. In this paper, liner performance is predicted for a shock compression experiment utilizing 1-D MHD simulations, and the effect of gradients in density, pressure, and velocity in the impactor prior to collision are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wood, BP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS-E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1163 EP 1166 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600270 ER PT S AU Hall, CA Asay, JR Trott, WM Knudson, M Fleming, KJ Bernard, MA Clark, BF Hauer, A Kyrala, G AF Hall, CA Asay, JR Trott, WM Knudson, M Fleming, KJ Bernard, MA Clark, BF Hauer, A Kyrala, G BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Aluminum Hugoniot measurements on the Sandia Z accelerator SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID LASER AB Aluminum has been investigated at multi-Mbar pressures through planar impacts generated by guns and explosives, and ablatively driven shocks from high energy lasers. Because it is well characterized, it is often used as a reference in relative Hugoniot measurements. To determine equation of state measurement capabilities on the Sandia Z accelerator, Hugoniot states of type 1100 aluminum were determined in the 1.8 to 4.5 Mbar range for comparisons to published data. Ablatively driven shocks on 6.5 mm diameter samples were measured using velocity interferometry and laser based shock arrival sensors. In each experiment, both shock and particle velocities were independently measured to determine Hugoniot states. Many of the experiments performed had multiple measurements of these two parameters for redundancy and diagnostic validation. Results indicate agreement with the extrapolation of a previously established, lower pressure, Hugoniot within error bounds representing the experimental uncertainties. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hall, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1171 EP 1174 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600272 ER PT S AU Hanson, DL Asay, JR Hall, CA Knudson, MD Bailey, JE Fleming, KJ Johnston, RR Clark, BF Bernard, MA Anderson, WW Hassall, G Rothman, SD AF Hanson, DL Asay, JR Hall, CA Knudson, MD Bailey, JE Fleming, KJ Johnston, RR Clark, BF Bernard, MA Anderson, WW Hassall, G Rothman, SD BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Progress on deuterium EOS measurements on Z SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID SHOCKED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; EQUATION; STATE AB Recent NOVA laser experiments featuring ablatively-generated data on very small liquid deuterium samples have shown an unexpected degree of compressibility in deuterium as it undergoes molecular dissociation to a metallic phase above 25 GPa. To test these controversial results under somewhat different shock loading conditions, we have developed a cryogenic target system on the Sandia Z pulsed radiation source for precision EOS studies of liquid deuterium using radiation-driven shocks. Experiments are underway to develop a constant pressure drive of 10-20 ns duration spatially uniform over a relatively large area (3-4 mm diameter) with minimal preheat effects. Techniques are also being developed to perform fiber-optic-coupled VISAR interferometry, active shock breakout, and optical spectroscopy measurements on the stepped Al pusher plate and liquid deuterium sample in the Z bremsstrahlung environment. Initial VISAR measurements have been able to track the highly reflective metalized shock front propagating in deuterium at pressures of about 55 Gpa. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hanson, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1175 EP 1178 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600273 ER PT S AU Lawrence, RJ AF Lawrence, RJ BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Analysis of the interaction of short-pulse high-fluence radiation with targets SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We generally use large-scale hydrocodes to study the dynamic response of targets to high-fluence pulsed radiation loads. However, for many applications where the desired solution does not require a detailed specification of pressure- or velocity-time histories, there are simple analytic approaches that can yield surprisingly accurate results. Examples include determining either the final velocity of a radiation-driven flying plate or the impulse delivered to a structural element. These methods are all based on relatively straightforward use of conservation of mass and momentum, but they typically need one scaling-law parameter. In this context, short pulse means short compared to the characteristic time of the desired response, which allows for the phenomena to be essentially uncoupled. High fluence means that the input energy is great enough to yield vaporization or blowoff of one or more portions of the configuration. We discuss some of these methods, give examples, and suggest limitations and criteria for their use. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lawrence, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1185 EP 1188 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600275 ER PT S AU Kalantar, DH Remington, BA Colvin, JD Gold, DM Mikaelian, KO Weber, SV Wiley, LG AF Kalantar, DH Remington, BA Colvin, JD Gold, DM Mikaelian, KO Weber, SV Wiley, LG BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Shock compressed solids on the nova laser SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Experiments are being developed to shock compress metal foils in the solid state to study the material strength under high compression. The x-ray drive has been characterized and hydrodynamics experiments performed to study growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability in Al foils at a peak pressure of about 1.8 Mbar. Pre-imposed single mode modulations with an initial wavelength of 10-50 mu m, and amplitude of 0.5 mu m show growth. Variation in the growth factors may be a result of shot-shot variation in preheating of the Al sample due to emission from the plasma in the hohlraum target. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kalantar, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1193 EP 1197 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600277 ER PT S AU Robbins, DL Gehr, RJ Harper, RW Rupp, TD Sheffield, SA Stahl, DB AF Robbins, DL Gehr, RJ Harper, RW Rupp, TD Sheffield, SA Stahl, DB BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Laser-driven miniflyer induced gold spall SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB A laser-launched miniature flyer system (MiniFlyer) is being used to study the dynamic properties of materials. A 3-mm diameter and 0.05-mm thick flyer plate is accelerated by a laser-pulse-induced plasma contained between a clear window substrate and the flyer plate. The substrate is coated with carbon, aluminum oxide, and aluminum to enhance the plasma formation process. The flyer impacts a gold target plate of 0.10 or 0.26 mm thickness, producing a shock. The shock pulse interacts with the free surface and reflects as a rarefaction wave, producing tension in the foil. Dynamic measurements of the free surface particle velocity were made using VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector). Cross-sections of the gold targets exhibit spall planes at the expected locations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Robbins, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1199 EP 1202 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600278 ER PT S AU Trott, WM Setchell, RE Farnsworth, AV AF Trott, WM Setchell, RE Farnsworth, AV BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Investigation of the effects of target material strength on the efficiency of acceleration of thick laser-driven flyers SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp ID PLATES AB Experimental techniques for laser-driven flyer generation offer considerable promise as a compact, repeatable, and relatively inexpensive driver for fundamental shock compression studies. Acceleration of microgram samples of thin metal films to high velocities (>3 km-s(-1)) using Q-switched, solid-state lasers has become well established. Scaling of these methods to provide well-conditioned shock loading with considerably larger sample dimensions and mass would greatly enhance the utility of this driver. As flyer target thickness and mass increase, however, the dynamic shear strength and yielding behavior of the material become important factors in limiting performance. Experiments exploring methods for optimizing the bounding material at the driving laser spot perimeter are described. Results are being incorporated in a 2-D hydrocode model of flyer generation to aid in optimization of target designs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trott, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM resetch@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1203 EP 1206 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600279 ER PT S AU Hammerberg, JE Kyrala, GA Oro, DM Fulton, RD Anderson, WE Obst, AW Oona, H Stokes, J Wilke, MD AF Hammerberg, JE Kyrala, GA Oro, DM Fulton, RD Anderson, WE Obst, AW Oona, H Stokes, J Wilke, MD BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI A Pegasus dynamic liner friction experiment SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We report on a pulsed power experiment performed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Pegasus facility which was designed to measure material flow at metal interfaces driven to high relative velocities. Material motion at and near four flat Ta/Al(6061) interfaces was measured using flash radiographic techniques. A series of fine ph wires (407 micron diameter) was implanted in the Al normal to the interfaces. The motion of these markers under shock loading provided a picture of material motion in the Al interfacial region. The surface roughness of the interfaces was varied between 32 and 125 micro-inches. We discuss the implications of these measurements for constitutive models of high speed friction and interfacial morphological change. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hammerberg, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1217 EP 1220 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600282 ER PT S AU Pelak, RA Rightley, P Hammerberg, JE AF Pelak, RA Rightley, P Hammerberg, JE BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Friction in high-speed impact experiments SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB The physical interactions at the contact interface between two metals moving relative to one another are not well understood, particularly when the relative velocity between the bodies becomes a significant fraction of the sound speed in either material. Our goal is to characterize the interfacial dynamics occurring between two metal surfaces sliding at high loads (up to 300 kbar) and at high speeds (greater than 100 m/s). We are developing a technique where a high-speed spinning projectile is fired from a rifled gun at a rod instrumented with electrical resistance strain gauges for measuring both longitudinal and torsional strain waves. The observed traces, in conjunction with computer simulations, are used to estimate the normal and tangential force components at the interface to produce an estimate of the coefficient of friction. A preliminary estimate for a copper/steel interface is presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div MS P940, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pelak, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div MS P940, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1221 EP 1224 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600283 ER PT S AU Hiltl, M Swift, RP Hagelberg, CR Carney, TC Nellis, WJ AF Hiltl, M Swift, RP Hagelberg, CR Carney, TC Nellis, WJ BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Shock-recovery experiments of sandstone under dry and water-saturated conditions SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB Shock-recovery experiments have been performed on Berea Sandstone under dry and water-saturated conditions using a single-stage light-gas gun. Stress levels in the range between 3.1 and 9.8 GPa were achieved by impacting projectiles in a recovery fixture. The microstructural damage of the shocked samples were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle analysis and X-ray computed micro tomography (XCMT). The dry samples show strongly and irregularly fragmented quartz grains with an considerably reduced porosity. In contrast, the water-saturated specimens have less grain damage and higher porosity. The water in the pores distributes the stresses which reduce the contact force between the grains during the shock compression. The dynamic fragmentation of the grain-grain interactions was modeled by explicitly treating the grain-pore structure using the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) computational method. This is a continuum Lagrangian gridless approach that features particles. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hiltl, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Hagelberg, Carl/E-9554-2014 OI Hagelberg, Carl/0000-0002-2073-3127 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1251 EP 1254 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600290 ER PT S AU Hagelberg, CR Swift, RP Carney, TC Greening, D Hiltl, M Nellis, WJ AF Hagelberg, CR Swift, RP Carney, TC Greening, D Hiltl, M Nellis, WJ BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Modeling shock recovery experiments of sandstone SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB We present results from mesoscale modeling of shock recovery experiments on Berea sandstone with the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics and the Discrete Element methods. Each grain is represented with clusters of Discrete Element particles to provide explicit representation of the grain and pore structure. The grain structures simulate the structures observed using synchrotron micro tomography and Scanning Electron Microscope imaging. The modeling accounts for the influence of pore fluid and illustrates how grain/pore heterogeneity under dry and saturated states affects stress wave and grain damage behavior. The simulations show characteristics of the phenomena observed in recovery experiments. An increase in grain damage coincides with an increase in stress level and pulse duration. The grains in dry samples are extremely and irregularly fragmented with extensively reduced porosity. Less grain damage and higher porosity is observed in the saturated samples. The influence of pore fluid miti-gates the interaction between grains, thus reducing fragmentation damage. This modeling approach in concert with experiments offers a unique way to understand dynamic compaction of brittle porous materials. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hagelberg, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Hagelberg, Carl/E-9554-2014 OI Hagelberg, Carl/0000-0002-2073-3127 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1275 EP 1278 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600296 ER PT S AU Antoun, TH Vorobiev, OY Lomov, IN Glenn, LA AF Antoun, TH Vorobiev, OY Lomov, IN Glenn, LA BE Furnish, MD Chhabildas, LC Hixson, RS TI Simulations of an underground explosion in granite SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-1999, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP Amer Phys Soc Top Grp AB This paper describes the results of a computational study performed to investigate the behavior of granite under shock wave loading conditions. A thermomechanically consistent constitutive model that includes the effects of bulking, yielding, material damage, and porous compaction on the material response was used in the simulations. The model parameters were determined based on experimental data, and the model was then used in a series of one-dimensional simulations of PILE DRIVER, a deeply-buried explosion in a granite formation at the Nevada Test Site. Particle velocity histories, peak velocity and peak displacement as a function of slant range, and the cavity radius obtained from the code simulations compared favorably with PILE DRIVER data. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Antoun, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-923-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 505 BP 1279 EP 1282 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ23D UT WOS:000087647600297 ER PT B AU Choi, SE Lewis, EC AF Choi, SE Lewis, EC BE Impagliazzo, J TI A study of common pitfalls in simple multi-threaded programs SO SIGCSE 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-FIRST SIGCSE TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION SE SIGCSE BULLETIN : A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education CY MAR 08-12, 2000 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Comp Sci Educ, SIG AB It is generally acknowledged that developing correct multithreaded codes is difficult, because threads may interact with each other in unpredictable ways. The goal of this work is to discover common multi-threaded programming pitfalls, the knowledge of which will be useful in instructing new programmers and in developing tools to aid in multi-threaded programming. To this end, we study multi-threaded applications written by students from introductory operating systems courses. Although the applications are simple, careful inspection and the use of an automatic race detection tool reveal a surprising quantity and variety of synchronization errors. We describe and discuss these errors, evaluate the role of automated tools, and propose new tools for use in the instruction of multi-threaded programming. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Choi, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, POB 1663,MS B287, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-213-1 J9 SIGCSE BULL PY 2000 VL 32 IS 1 SI 2000 BP 325 EP 329 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BP78G UT WOS:000086166400065 ER PT S AU Williams, EK Ila, D Poker, DB Hensley, DK Larkin, DJ AF Williams, EK Ila, D Poker, DB Hensley, DK Larkin, DJ BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Ion beam induced change in the linear optical properties of SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE colloids; ion implantation; nanoclusters ID SILICA; NANOCLUSTERS; IMPLANTATION AB We present the results of our investigation of producing nanoclusters of gold and tin in 6H-SiC and changes in the linear optical properties induced by Au, Sn and Si implantation, This is accomplished by implanting 1.0 MeV Au, 160 keV Sn and 5.0 MeV Si into the Si face of SiC at room or elevated temperature followed by annealing at various temperatures. Using optical absorption spectrophotometry, we determined the location of the absorption band for each metal nanocluster in SiC. Elevated temperature implantation reduces optical absorption due to ion implantation induced defects. Using the Mie theory, we determined the index of refraction in the implanted volume and estimated the size of the Au nanoclusters. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiat Mat, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Williams, EK (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiat Mat, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RI Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016 OI Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 667 EP 670 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700162 ER PT S AU Tucker, JB Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA AF Tucker, JB Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Papanicolaou, N Jones, KA BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Characteristics of n-p junction diodes made by double-implantations into SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE annealing; diode; doping; ion-implantation AB Empirical formulae for range statistics of acceptor ions Al+ and B+ in the energy range 50 keV to 4 MeV were developed by fitting the data obtained from the analysis of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiles of single energy ion implants. Double implantation technology consisting of deep-range acceptor followed by shallow-range donor implantation was used to fabricate n-p junction diodes in 4H-SIC. Either Al or B was used as the acceptor species and N as the donor species with all implants performed at 700 degreesC and annealed at 1650 degreesC with an AIN encapsulant. The diodes were characterized for their current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) behavior over the temperature range 25 degreesC to 400 degreesC. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tucker, JB (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 925 EP 928 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700224 ER PT S AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ AF Jiang, W Weber, WJ BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Ion-channeling studies of interfaces and defect properties in silicon carbide SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE amorphization; defects; interfaces; ion channeling AB Helium ion channeling has been used in a detailed study of 3C-SiC films on a Si/SiO2/Si (SIMOX) substrate. The strain-induced angular shift was determined to be 0.16 degrees +/- 0.05 degrees, indicating a kink between the SiC and Si layers along the <110> axis. Single crystals of 6H-SiC have been irradiated with a variety of ions over a range of fluences. The relative disorder on Si sublattice shows a sigmoidal dependence on dose for all ions. In isochronal and isothermal annealing studies, two distinct recovery stages are identified with activation energies of 0.25 +/- 0.1 eV and 1.5 +/- 0.3 eV, respectively. Deuterium ibn channeling is also applied to simultaneously study accumulated disorder on Si and C sublattices in 6H-SiC crystals irradiated at 100 and 300 K. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 957 EP 960 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700232 ER PT S AU Chaudhuri, J George, JT Edgar, JH Xie, ZY Rek, Z AF Chaudhuri, J George, JT Edgar, JH Xie, ZY Rek, Z BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI The effect of in situ surface treatment on the growth of 3C-SiC thin films on 6H-SiC substrate - An x-ray triple crystal diffractometry and synchrotron x-ray topography study SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE 3C-SiC/6H-SiC; in situ surface treatment; synchrotron x-ray topography; x-ray diffraction ID MORPHOLOGY AB The effects of three in-situ pre growth substrate treatments on the quality of 3C-SiC epitaxial films on 6H-SiC(00.1) were evaluated by high resolution x-ray diffraction, synchrotron x-ray topography, atomic force microscopy, and optical microscopy. The Si-face substrates were etched in pure H-2, C2H4/H-2, or 0.5% HCl/H-2 mixtures to remove scratches and subsurface polishing damage prior to the 3C-SiC epitaxy by chemical vapor deposition. The dislocation density in the 3C-SiC thin films was estimated from the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the x-ray diffraction rocking curves for a number of symmetric and asymmetric reflections. Etching in either C2H4 in H-2 or HCl in H-2 was more effective at producing smooth substrate surfaces than etching in pure H-2. The 3C-SiC films subsequently deposited on the smooth surfaces had shown a factor of ten reduction in the dislocation density compared to films deposited on substrates without pre growth surface treatments. The smoothest substrate surfaces produced the largest 3C-SiC domains and the lowest defect densities. Synchrotron x-ray topography of selected samples revealed cellular structure of dislocations, low angle grain boundaries and double positioning boundaries in the 3C-SiC films. C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chaudhuri, J (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RI Chaudhuri, Jharna/E-8863-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1045 EP 1048 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700254 ER PT S AU Saks, NS Mani, SS Agarwal, AK AF Saks, NS Mani, SS Agarwal, AK BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Interface trap profiles near the band edges in 6H-SiC MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE capacitance-voltage measurements; interface trap; interface trap profiles; MOS AB The interface trap density Dit(E) has been profiled versus energy in the bandgap for 6H-SiC MOS devices. A modified "low-frequency" capacitance-voltage technique is presented which allows trap densities to be independently profiled close to the conduction and valence band edges. Results show that Dit(E) is much higher close to both band edges than the average (midgap) value. These results show that the low transconductance typically reported for n-channel 6H-SiC MOSFETs is caused by trapping of inversion layer electrons at the SiC/SiO2 interface. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Cree Res Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Saks, NS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6877, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1113 EP 1116 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700271 ER PT S AU Pantelides, ST Duscher, G Di Ventra, M Buczko, R McDonald, K Huang, MB Weller, RA Baumvol, I Stedile, FC Radtke, C Pennycook, SJ Chung, G Tin, CC Williams, JR Won, JH Feldman, LC AF Pantelides, ST Duscher, G Di Ventra, M Buczko, R McDonald, K Huang, MB Weller, RA Baumvol, I Stedile, FC Radtke, C Pennycook, SJ Chung, G Tin, CC Williams, JR Won, JH Feldman, LC BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Atomic-scale engineering of the SiC-SiO2 interface SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE interface structure; interface trap; nitrogen; oxidation ID OXYGEN PRECIPITATION; OXIDATION AB We report results from three distinct but related thrusts that aim to elucidate the atomic-scale structure and properties of the SiC-SiO2 interface. a) First-principles theoretical calculations probe the global bonding arrangements and the local processes during oxidation; b) Z-contrast atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy provide images and interface spectra, and c) nuclear techniques and electrical measurements are used to profile N at the interface and determine interface trap densities. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Porto Allegre, Dept Phys, BR-91500900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. UFRGS, Inst Quim, BR-91509900 Porto Allegre, Brazil. RP Pantelides, ST (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Stedile, Fernanda/B-8215-2008; Radtke, Claudio/B-8516-2008; Tin, Chin-Che/A-9122-2012; Di Ventra, Massimiliano/E-1667-2011; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Radtke, Claudio/0000-0003-3469-4920; Di Ventra, Massimiliano/0000-0001-9416-189X; Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1133 EP 1136 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700276 ER PT S AU Agarwal, AK Saks, NS Mani, SS Hegde, VS Sanger, PA AF Agarwal, AK Saks, NS Mani, SS Hegde, VS Sanger, PA BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Investigation of lateral RESURF, 6H-SiC MOSFETs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE interface trap; LDMOS; mobility; power MOSFETs; RESURF ID VOLTAGE AB We report on theoretical and experimental investigations of 600 V, lateral RESURF, 6H-SiC MOSFETs. The 2 dimensional device simulations show that the breakdown voltage of this class of devices is limited by the peak electric field in the oxide, which should be kept below 3 MV/cm for long-term reliability. The devices made on 6H-SiC substrates show 600 V breakdown, which was limited by the breakdown of the gate oxide. In order to reduce the electric field in the gate oxide, we show that it is necessary to reduce the doping of the lateral drift layer. This results in excessive specific on-resistance, which is dominated by the resistance of the drift layer. The inversion layer electron mobility of 50-60 cm(2)/V(.)s was obtained on experimental devices. Large area devices (560 mum x 1700 mum) had a specific on-resistance of 57 mohm(.)cm(2). C1 Cree Res Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Northrop Grumman, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. RP Agarwal, AK (reprint author), Cree Res Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1307 EP 1310 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700318 ER PT S AU Muntele, CI Ila, D Williams, EK Poker, DB Hensley, DK Larkin, DJ Muntele, I AF Muntele, CI Ila, D Williams, EK Poker, DB Hensley, DK Larkin, DJ Muntele, I BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Fabrication of SiC hydrogen sensor by Pd-implantation SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE hydrogen sensors; ion implantation AB Silicon carbide, a semiconductor, is used to fabricate an efficient high temperature hydrogen sensor. When a palladium coating is applied on the exposed surface of silicon carbide, the chemical reaction between palladium and hydrogen produces a detectable change in the surface chemical potential. Rather than applying an external palladium film we have implanted palladium ions into the silicon face of 6H, n-type SiC samples at the ion energies of 130 keV and 70 keV and various fluences at 500 degreesC. Then each sample was exposed to low levels of hydrogen and its response measured by monitoring the current through the sample, with respect to time. The results obtained are presented in this paper. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiat Mat, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Muntele, CI (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiat Mat, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RI Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016 OI Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1443 EP 1446 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700352 ER PT S AU Edgar, JH Robins, LH Coatney, SE Liu, L Chaudhuri, J Ignatiev, K Rek, Z AF Edgar, JH Robins, LH Coatney, SE Liu, L Chaudhuri, J Ignatiev, K Rek, Z BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI A comparison of aluminum nitride freely nucleated and seeded on 6H-silicon carbide SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE bulk crystal growth; cathodoluminescence; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray topography ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB The crystal quality, vibrational and luminescence properties of AlN crystals prepared by the sublimation-recondensation method with free nucleation on the crucible walls or seeded growth on 6H-SiC wafers were compared. Freely nucleated needles and platelets exhibited near-band-edge cathodoluminescence, narrow Raman peak widths, and a relatively low dislocation density as revealed by synchrotron white-beam x-ray topography. In contrast, thick films deposited on on-axis, (0001) 6H-silicon carbide wafers exhibited luminescence only at 3.5 eV, had much broader Raman peak widths, and a mosaic crystal structure. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Edgar, JH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Chaudhuri, Jharna/E-8863-2013 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1599 EP 1602 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700388 ER PT S AU Suvkhanov, A Parikh, N Usov, I Hunn, J Withrow, S Thomson, D Gehrke, T Davis, RF Krasnobaev, LY AF Suvkhanov, A Parikh, N Usov, I Hunn, J Withrow, S Thomson, D Gehrke, T Davis, RF Krasnobaev, LY BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Influence of annealing conditions on dopant activation of Si+ and Mg+ implanted GaN SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE activation; annealing; capping; encapsulation; ion implantation; photoluminescence; Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ID ION-IMPLANTATION; FILMS AB This report reflects the results of heat treatment under various conditions on as-grown and ion implanted GaN. The PL spectrums of as-grown GaN and GaN with 400 Angstrom AlN cap were almost identical. This fact allows us to use PL analysis without AIN stripping. As-grown GaN and ion implanted with Mg+ and Si+ crystals were annealed at 1300 degreesC for 10 minutes in three different conditions: in flowing argon gas; in flowing ultra high purity nitrogen; and in a quartz capsule sealed with nitrogen gas. The results of FL, RES, SEM and TEM analysis show an advantage of GaN high temperature annealing in quartz capsules with nitrogen ambient as compared to annealing in argon and nitrogen gas flow. Encapsulation with nitrogen overpressure prevents the decomposition of the GaN crystal and the AIN capping film, and allows one to achieve optical activation of implanted Mg and Si after 1300 degreesC annealing. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Implant Sci Corp, Wakefield, MA 01880 USA. RP Suvkhanov, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1615 EP 1618 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700391 ER PT S AU Cao, XA Dang, GT Zhang, AP Ren, F Pearton, SJ Lee, CM Chuo, CC Chyi, JI Chi, GC Han, J Chu, SNG Wilson, RG AF Cao, XA Dang, GT Zhang, AP Ren, F Pearton, SJ Lee, CM Chuo, CC Chyi, JI Chi, GC Han, J Chu, SNG Wilson, RG BE Carter, CH Devaty, RP Rohrer, GS TI Temperature dependent performance of GaN Schottky diode rectifiers SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 1999 PTS, 1 & 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 10-15, 1999 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USAF, Res Lab, mat & Mfg Directoirate, USN, Off Res, Def Res & Engn, Cree Inc, Charles & Colvard Inc, ABB Semicond, Sterling Semicond Inc, ATMI Inc, Epigress AB, Aixtron AG, Northrop Grumman, Siemens AG, EMCORE Inc, GE, Corp R & D, Litton Airton, II-VI Inc DE breakdown voltage; Schottky diodes; temperature dependence ID BREAKDOWN; FIELD AB GaN Schottky diode rectifiers with reverse breakdown (V-RB) > 2 kV were fabricated on epitaxial layers grown on sapphire substrates. The temperature dependence of V-RB and forward turn-on voltage (V-F) were measured. The V-RB values display a negative temperature coefficient (-0.92 V .K-1 for 25-50 degreesC; -0.17 V .K-1 for 50-150 degreesC), indicative of surface- or defect-assisted breakdown. The V-F values decrease with increasing temperature. The room temperature breakdown voltage is approximately a factor of three lower than the theoretical maximum expected based on avalanche breakdown, and the current performance of GaN rectifiers is comparable to that of Si at the same on-resistance. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Cao, XA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Chyi, Jen-Inn/A-1799-2016 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 338-3 BP 1631 EP 1634 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR27W UT WOS:000165996700395 ER PT J AU Lefort, F Douglas, GC Thompson, D AF Lefort, F Douglas, GC Thompson, D TI Microsatellite DNA profiling of phenotypically selected clones of Irish oak (Quercus spp.) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Fraxinus excelsior; microsatellite; Quercus petraea; Quercus robur; single sequence repeats (SSRs) ID GENETIC DISTANCES; ROBUR L.; LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION; MARKERS; PETRAEA; SPRUCE AB Oak and ash are two of the main forest species in Europe. Because of their commercial importance, genetic improvement of such species is considered important. The recent availability of microsatellite sequences for both oak (Quercus robur, Q. petraea) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) allowed the characterization of phenotypically selected clones of oaks and ash trees of Irish origin by microsatellite DNA profiling. Oak clones were characterised at nine microsatellite loci and ash clones at 10 microsatellite loci. Allele ranges in selected clones were found to be similar to those observed in natural stands of oaks in Austria and ash in France, but the number of alleles at each locus was higher. Heterozygosity differed between Irish and Austrian oaks at several loci. Analysis of microsatellite profiling provided individual profiles for each clone. Microsatellite data analysis was performed with the software NJBAFD and the calculations of stepwise weighted genetic distance showed the genetic distances between clones. Five clones from a managed oak stand, which wore probably fi om the same source were found to be genetically related to several other Irish sources. Two Irish origins of ash were found to be related to a French source. Microsatellite profiling also showed three bands patterns at several loci in 5 oaks and at one locus in 7 ash trees, suggesting the occurrence of triploidy or aneuploidy. In the latter case, the hypothesis of locus duplication should be checked by crossing studies. C1 Univ Crete, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Physiol & Biotechnol, Iraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. Agr & Food Dev Author, TEAGASC, Kinsealy Res Ctr, Dublin 17, Ireland. Irish Forestry Board, Coillte Teoranta, Res Lab, Newtonmountkennedy, Wicklow, Ireland. Univ Crete, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Physiol & Biotechnol, Iraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. RP Lefort, F (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Physiol & Biotechnol, POB 2208, Iraklion 71409, Crete, Greece. EM flefort@biology.uch.gr NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI BAD ORB PA BERLINER STRASSE 46, 63619 BAD ORB, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2000 VL 49 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 332KF UT WOS:000088072300005 ER PT B AU Liliental-Weber, Z Benamara, M Jasinski, J Swider, W Washburn, J Grzegory, I Porowski, S Bak-Misiuk, J Domagala, J Bedair, S Eiting, CJ Dupuis, RD AF Liliental-Weber, Z Benamara, M Jasinski, J Swider, W Washburn, J Grzegory, I Porowski, S Bak-Misiuk, J Domagala, J Bedair, S Eiting, CJ Dupuis, RD BE Jagadish, C Welham, NJ TI Influence of Mg and In on defect formation in GaN: bulk and MOCVD grown samples SO SIMC-XI: 2000 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTING AND INSULATING MATERIALS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Semiconducting and Insulating Materials Conference (SIMC-XI) CY JUL 03-07, 2000 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Australian Natl Univ, AIXTRON, Oxford Instruments Plasma Technol, Ledex Corp, IEEE ACT Sect, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Australian Chapter, Lasers & Electro-Opt Soc, Australian Mat Res Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DOPED GAN AB Transmission electron microscopy studies were applied to study GaN crystals doped with Mg. Both bulk GaN:Mg crystals grown by a high pressure and high temperature process and epitaxial layers grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) have been studied. A structural dependence on the growth polarity was observed in bulk crystals. Spontaneous ordering (formation of polytypoids) was observed for growth in the N to Ga polar direction (N polarity). On the opposite site of the crystal (growth in the Ga to N polar direction) Mg-rich pyramidal defects with base on the basal planes and with walls inclined about 45 degrees to these planes, empty inside (pinholes) were observed. A high concentration of these pyramidal defects was also observed in the MOCVD grown crystals. For samples grown with Mg delta doping planar defects were also observed especially at the early stages of growth followed by formation of pyramidal defects. TEM and x-ray studies of InxGa1-xN crystals for the range of 28-45% nominal In concentration showed formation of two sub-layers: strained and relaxed, with a much lower In concentration in the strained laver. Layers with the highest In concentration were fully relaxed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, M-S 62-203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5815-5 PY 2000 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1109/SIM.2000.939187 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BT02S UT WOS:000171690800001 ER PT B AU Walukiewicz, W AF Walukiewicz, W BE Jagadish, C Welham, NJ TI Electronic structure of highly mismatched semiconductor alloys SO SIMC-XI: 2000 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTING AND INSULATING MATERIALS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Semiconducting and Insulating Materials Conference (SIMC-XI) CY JUL 03-07, 2000 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Australian Natl Univ, AIXTRON, Oxford Instruments Plasma Technol, Ledex Corp, IEEE ACT Sect, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Australian Chapter, Lasers & Electro-Opt Soc, Australian Mat Res Soc ID NITROGEN-INDUCED INCREASE; N-V ALLOYS; BAND-GAP; LUMINESCENCE; DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION; GANXAS1-X; GANAS; GAAS AB We consider a new class of semiconductor alloys in which metallic atoms are partially replaced by highly electronegative atoms. The electronegative atoms introduce localized levels close to the conduction band edge of the host semiconductor matrix. Interaction of the levels with the extended states is described in terms of a band anticrossing. The interaction leads to a massive modification of the electronic structure splitting the conduction band into two highly nonparabolic subbands. The band anticrossing model accounts very well for recent experimental results obtained on several highly mismatched alloy systems including, GaInNAs, GaNP, ZnSTe and ZnSeTe alloys. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5814-7; 0-7803-5815-5 PY 2000 BP 252 EP 259 DI 10.1109/SIM.2000.939238 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BT02S UT WOS:000171690800052 ER PT S AU Childers, L Disz, T Hereld, M Hudson, R Judson, I Olson, R Papka, ME Paris, J Stevens, R AF Childers, L Disz, T Hereld, M Hudson, R Judson, I Olson, R Papka, ME Paris, J Stevens, R BE Griebel, M Johnsson, L Hammill, M Short, F TI ActiveSpaces on the Grid: The construction of advanced visualization and interaction environments SO SIMULATION AND VISUALIZATION ON THE GRID, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual PDC Conference on Simulation and Visualization on the Grid CY DEC, 1999 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Parallel Dator Centrum, Kungk Tekniska Hogskolan, Swedish Council Planning & Coordinat Res, Parallel & Sci Comp Inst AB The Futures Lab group at Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago are designing, building, and evaluating a new type of interactive computing environment that couples in a deep way the concepts of direct manipulation found in virtual reality with the richness and variety of interactive devices found in ubiquitous computing. This environment provides the interactivity and collaboration support of teleimmersive environments with the flexibility and availability of desktop collaboration tools. We call these environments ActiveSpaces. An ActiveSpace is a physical domain that has been augmented with multiscale multiscreen displays, environment-specific and device-specific sensors, body and object trackers, human-input and instrument-input interfaces, streaming audio and video capture devices, and force feedback devices-and has then been connected to other such spaces via the Grid. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Futures Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Childers, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Futures Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 3-540-67264-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2000 VL 13 BP 64 EP + PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ66P UT WOS:000089123500007 ER PT S AU Ulmeanu, M Radu, G Budau, P Enachescu, M AF Ulmeanu, M Radu, G Budau, P Enachescu, M BE Necsoiu, T Robu, M Dumitras, DC TI C-Ni multilayer reflectors: an AFM roughness study SO SIOEL '99: SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON OPTOELECTRONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Optoelectronics (SIOEL'99) CY SEP 22-24, 1999 CL BUCHAREST, ROMANIA SP Natl Agcy Sci Technol & Innovat, Romanian Acad, Romanian Minist Natl Def, European Opt Soc, SPIE, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Inst Optoelectr, Univ Politehnica Bucharest, Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Romanian Phys Soc, SPIE, Romanian Chapter DE multilayer; RF magnetron sputtering deposition; atomic force microscopy; surface roughness; root-mean-square roughness; power spectral density AB Amorphous C-Ni superlattice films designed as normal-incidence reflector for 5 nm have been grown On quartz substrates by magnetron sputter deposition in Ar discharge. An extended set of characterization techniques has been applied: Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in order to characterize the growth conditions. TEM measurements revealed information about the evolution of smoothness and the uniformity of the multilayer structure function of the distance to the substrate. A new DSP-controlled AFM system has been involved in investigating the surface topography of the final surface of the multilayer structure as well as the substrate. A detailed analysis of AFM topographic images is presented. Special attention has been paid to an important parameter for such mirrors, the surface roughness, for nanometric and micrometric areas, involving AFM tips with different radius of curvature. Roughness analysis as well as the implication of the different radius curvature tips used in AFM-contact experiments are presented together with the power spectral density function calculation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Enachescu, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Enachescu, Marius/C-4963-2011 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3705-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4068 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1117/12.378714 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BP82N UT WOS:000086320700007 ER PT S AU Auciello, O Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Jayatissa, A Sumant, A Tucek, J Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Erdemir, A Ersoy, D Gardos, MN Busmann, HG Meyer, EM AF Auciello, O Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Jayatissa, A Sumant, A Tucek, J Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Erdemir, A Ersoy, D Gardos, MN Busmann, HG Meyer, EM BE Abbott, D Varadan, VV Boehringer, KF TI Science and technology of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films for multifunctional devices SO SMART ELECTRONICS AND MEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Smart Materials and MEMS CY DEC 13-15, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP SPIE, Dept Def, Australia, Def Sci & Technol Org, State Govt Victoria, Australia, Victorian Dept State & Reg Dev, Swinburne Univ Technol DE ultrananocrystalline diamond; coatings; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); low wear; low friction ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; MICROWAVE PLASMAS; GROWTH; SENSOR; FABRICATION; PRECURSORS; SURFACE; TIPS; MEMS; TEM AB MEMS devices are currently fabricated primarily in silicon because of the available surface machining technology. However, Si has poor mechanical and tribological properties, and practical MEMS devices are currently limited primarily to applications involving only bending and flexural motion, such as cantilever accelerometers and vibration sensors. However, because of the poor flexural strength and fracture toughness of Si, and the tendency of Si to adhere to hydrophyllic surfaces, even these simple devices have limited dynamic range. Future MEMS applications that involve significant rolling or sliding contact will require the use of new materials with significantly improved mechanical and tribological properties, and the ability to perform well in harsh environments. Diamond is a superhard material of high mechanical strength, exceptional chemical inertness, and outstanding thermal stability. The brittle fracture strength is 23 times that of Si, and the projected wear life of diamond MEMS moving mechanical assemblies (MEMS-MMAs) is 10,000 times greater than that of Si MMAs. However, as the hardest known material, diamond is notoriously difficult to fabricate. Conventional CVD thin film deposition methods offer an approach to the fabrication of ultra-small diamond structures, but the films have large grain size, high internal stress, poor intergranular adhesion, and very rough surfaces, and are consequently ill-suited for MEMS-MMA applications. A thin film deposition process has been developed that produces phase-pure ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) with morphological and mechanical properties that are ideally suited for MEMS applications in general, and MMA use in particular. We have developed lithographic techniques for the fabrication of diamond microstructures including cantilevers and multi-level devices, acting as precursors to micro-bearings and gears, making UNCD a promising material for the development of high performance MEMS devices. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3910-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4236 BP XXI EP XXXI PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BS26E UT WOS:000169263000002 ER PT S AU Dunning, JS AF Dunning, JS BE Lynch, CS TI Characterization of structure/property relationships for smart ferromagnetic sensor materials SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2000 - ACTIVE MATERIALS: BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2000 Conference CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engn, BFGoodrich, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan DE smart materials; TRIP steels; and strain monitors AB TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels have been used as sensors for smart solid-state damage assessment systems. TRIP steels are materials which change state from austenitic, nonmagnetic to a martensitic, ferromagnetic phase as the material undergoes straining. There is a direct correspondence of the peak strain level experienced in the material with the percentage of ferromagnetism, hence monitoring the relative amount of the ferromagnetic content will indicate the level of strain (and therefore stress). The phase transition that accompanies the straining is irreversible so the monitor material indicates the peak strain until that value is subsequently exceeded. Materials research discussed will cover the selection of compositions with a suitable ferromagnetic response and the development of thermomechanical treatments to achieve high tensile strength required for this application. Tensile properties and related phase changes are described. Optical metallography of the sensor materials was used to characterize the active sensor materials both prior to and after thermomechanical treatment and transmission electron microscopy was used to follow the phase transformation from austenite to lathe martensite during tensile testing to simulate use as a stress/strain monitor. Structure-property relations indicate a strong potential for use of these sensor materials with a Hall effect sensor to monitor stress/strain behavior by following the magnetic phase transformations occurring during straining. C1 US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dunning, JS (reprint author), US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3610-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3992 BP 586 EP 593 DI 10.1117/12.388242 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BQ59Y UT WOS:000088918100055 ER PT S AU Dowell, LJ Drozda, M Henderson, DB Loose, VW Marathe, MV Roberts, DJ AF Dowell, LJ Drozda, M Henderson, DB Loose, VW Marathe, MV Roberts, DJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Scalability of ELISIMS: Comprehensive detailed simulation of the electric power industry SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc AB We conduct an experimental analysis to identify the most computational time consuming fragments of software and hardware that will likely be an integral part of power exchanges in a deregulated environment. The empirical analysis provides insights into the scalability of the system as a function of branch congestions, excess/scarcity of power, average size of multi-lateral contracts, topology and size of networks. Additionally they yield insights into the reliability, security and stability of electrical networks. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dowell, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900069 ER PT S AU Allgood, GO AF Allgood, GO GP IEEE IEEE TI Mapping function and structure for an Anticipatory System: What impact will it have and is it computationally feasible, today? SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE anticipatory systems; intelligence; behavior; human percepts; moral/ethical implications; political impacts; system constructs AB Development of complex biological behaviors, such as anticipation in a machine will require more than having a reduced instruction set and a fast computer, a thought contrary to that shared by many researchers today. What will be needed are new perspectives and insights into what a complex biological form is and what attributes are shared and/or differentiated by them. Only then will we really understand the cognitive processes that elicits 'intelligence and consciousness' and how it may be invoked, at some level, in machines. This will require moving away from the Newtonian concept of reductionism and time as an index to new concepts that invoke time as an arrow that breaks the symmetry evident in classical mechanics. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the current thinking on Anticipatory Systems (AS) and what impacts they could have in and on our society. It identifies concerns that would be generated by the employment of such systems and formalizes a construct by which an anticipatory system model could be developed using today's technology. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allgood, GO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 2198 EP 2203 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900383 ER PT S AU Kercel, SW Brown-VanHoozer, SA VanHoozer, WR AF Kercel, SW Brown-VanHoozer, SA VanHoozer, WR GP IEEE IEEE TI The model-based mind SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE mind; representation systems; conscious; unconscious; strategies; cognitive; model; decisionmaking; behavior; knowledge; reality AB "The mind" can be defined as a range of functions created from sensory experience that are paired with our representation systems reflected through our behavior. These representation systems (visual, auditory and kinesthetic modalities) are foundations for how effective choices and belief systems are generated through sensory derived processes; how decisionmaking and learning strategies are constructed; how memory is accessed, stored, retrieved or recalled, and how behavior and knowledge is actualized at both the conscious and unconscious levels. It is these same representational systems that provide us with the capability to model and replicate cognitive processing of the human mind. This paper provides an explanation for modeling the inner workings of the 'cognitive blackbox,' better known as 'the mind.'. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kercel, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 2204 EP 2209 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900384 ER PT S AU Kercel, SW AF Kercel, SW GP IEEE IEEE TI Why should engineers be interested in bizarre systems? SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE mind; cognition; model; complex; impredicative; decision-making; behavior; knowledge; reality AB This paper examines the shortcomings of conventional analysis when it is applied to complex processes. In particular it considers the consequences of ignoring behaviors of processes simply because they do not conveniently project onto lists of numbers. Complex behavior is bizarre, but not absurd. Absurd behavior is unpredictable, unconstrained by any laws of natural systems, and not amenable to logical analysis or synthesis. In contrast, bizarre,systems are merely counterintuitive. Bizarre behavior is logically tractable. The inferential linkages within a bizarre system's epistemological model are congruent with the causal linkages that govern its ontological behavior. The author argues that from the perspective of neurophysiology, the behaviors that we normally consider to be intelligent are irreducible to a list of numbers. This being the case, no fist of numbers, no matter how big, can emulate intelligent behavior. To discuss intelligence other than by empirical observation, some logical description of it must be found that is not limited to predicative inferential structures. It is little appreciated by engineers that mathematics abounds with such alternatives. Lists of numbers and the predicative inferential entailments governing the behavior of lists of numbers are only a small part of mathematics. Impredicative mathematical entities provide far more powerful ways of describing complex behavior. They do so at a cost, being non-algorithmic. Engineering decisions based on predictions made by attempting to reduce complex behaviors to algorithms cannot be trusted. The projection ignores key aspects of the behavior. Present day computers only work for algorithmic processes. An engineered artifact that exhibits intelligent behavior requires at least one, and possibly both, of the following developments: a more powerful model of computation than the Turing Machine, or a computing element that has entailments similar to those observed in complex processes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kercel, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 2210 EP 2215 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900385 ER PT S AU Damiano, B Kercel, SW Tucker, RW Brown-VanHoozer, SA AF Damiano, B Kercel, SW Tucker, RW Brown-VanHoozer, SA GP IEEE IEEE TI Recognizing a voice from its model SO SMC 2000 CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN & CYBERNETICS, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 08-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Inc, Syst Man & Cybernet Soc DE speaker identification; continuous wavelet transform; Gaussian mixture model; EM algorithm; neurolinguistic programming; NLP; representation systems; visual; auditory; kinesthetic AB The authors are investigating a potential solution to the "large population" speaker identification problem by characterizing the voice by the entailments in two different kinds of models. These entailments are found in the representational models of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) and in the model of the mechanics of the voice as revealed by the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Results to date have been obtained from examining samples in the TIMIT database and human subjects. Local features correlated with individual speakers for selected vowel sounds have been found in CWT space. Features of NLP representation systems have also been found and are compared with voice features for speakers whose NLP representation systems are known a priori. Gaussian mixture models are used to calculate probability density functions from the local feature distributions. This speaker identification strategy combines three elements of novelty. First, it exploits the fact that the two-dimensional CWT of a one-dimensional signal can be interpreted as an image, and uses feature extraction techniques first developed for image processing. Second, this is the first known study in which voice waveforms are systematically studied to identify features that are attributed to the speaker's mental representation. Third, the reliability of the identification with be strengthened by combining entailments from these two completely different aspects of the speaker's identity, the mechanical aspects of the speaker's vocal tract, and the pattern of representation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Damiano, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-6583-6 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2000 BP 2216 EP 2221 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR32T UT WOS:000166106900386 ER PT S AU Pearson, AL Chao, WL Denbeaux, G Eimuller, T Fischer, P Johnson, L Koehler, M Larabell, C Le Gros, M Yager, D Attwood, D AF Pearson, AL Chao, WL Denbeaux, G Eimuller, T Fischer, P Johnson, L Koehler, M Larabell, C Le Gros, M Yager, D Attwood, D BE Kaiser, WM Stulen, RH TI XM-1, the high-resolution soft x-ray microscope at the Advanced Light Source SO SOFT X-RAY AND EUV IMAGING SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray and EUV Imaging Systems CY AUG 03-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray microscope; XM-1; spatial resolution; X-MCD; magnetic imaging; computer processing AB The XM-1 soft x-ray microscope utilizes bending-magnet radiation from the Advanced Light Source (ALS) in Berkeley, CA. This radiation is collected by a "large" (9 mm diameter) fresnel condenser zone plate (CZP) which projects light through a pinhole and illuminates the sample. The radiation transmitted through the sample is then focused and magnified by a high-precision objective micro zone plate and recorded by a soft x-ray CCD camera. Our condenser zone plate and pinhole combination serves as our adjustable monochromator for selecting the desired photon energy, giving us a lambda/Delta lambda of 700. This moderate spectral resolution allows for spectroscopic imaging with XM-1, including samples of magnetic materials with contrast provided by magnetic circular dichroism. Our user-friendly software programs allow for frequent utilization of complex image processing techniques. When a single field of view (10 mum diameter) is too small, we use an automated process for combining overlapping individual images into a larger, coherent montage image. In addition, our colleagues use a labeling technique for localizing specific proteins within cellular structure. Natural antibodies are utilized to attach dense silver and gold particles to the protein of interest. A computerized process is used after the imaging to locate the sharp increases in intensity to identify the regions of labeling. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pearson, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM AELucero@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3791-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4146 BP 54 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.406672 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR62K UT WOS:000166964700006 ER PT S AU Chao, WL Anderson, EH Denbeaux, G Harteneck, B Le Gros, M Pearson, AL Olynick, D Attwood, D AF Chao, WL Anderson, EH Denbeaux, G Harteneck, B Le Gros, M Pearson, AL Olynick, D Attwood, D BE Kaiser, WM Stulen, RH TI High resolution soft x-ray microscopy SO SOFT X-RAY AND EUV IMAGING SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray and EUV Imaging Systems CY AUG 03-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray microscope; XM-1; zone plate; resolution AB The XM-1 is a soft x-ray full-field microscope that uses zone plates for the condenser and objective lenses. One of the main features of XM-1 is the high spatial resolution, which is made possible by the fine features of the objective zone plate. At present, the microscope uses a zone plate with an outer zone width of 25 nm Several test patterns containing periodic lines and spaces were fabricated to measure the resolution of the microscope. Experimental data shows that the microscope can resolve 25 nm features. As simulations indicate that good contrast can be observed with even smaller features, test patterns with finer features are being fabricated to actually determine the resolution limit of the microscope. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chao, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3791-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4146 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1117/12.406671 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR62K UT WOS:000166964700020 ER PT J AU Roh, Y Lee, SR Choi, SK Elless, MP Lee, SY AF Roh, Y Lee, SR Choi, SK Elless, MP Lee, SY TI Physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of uranium-contaminated soils SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE uranium; soil characterization; chemical leaching; remediation ID SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS; MANGANESE AB Physicochemical and mineralogical properties of the contaminants should be taken into account to decide a remediation strategy for a given radionuclide because development and optimization of soil remedial technologies are based on physicochemical and mineralogical separation techniques. The objectives of this study are to (1) demonstrate how a priori physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of soil contaminants can direct the development of remediation strategies and their performance evaluation for soil treatments and (2) understand the nature of uranium contamination and its association with the soil matrix by chemical extractions. This study examined two U-contaminated sites (K311 and K1300) at the DOE K-25 site, presently located at East Tennessee Technology Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Uranium concentrations of the soils ranged from 1499 to 216,413 Bq kg(-1) at both sites. Scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the dominant U phases are U oxides (schoepite), U-Ca-silicate (uranophane) and U silicate (coffinite) from the K311 site soils, whereas U-Ca-oxide and U-Ca-phosphate dominate in the K1300 site soils. Sodium carbonate/bicarbonate leaching was effective on the K1300 site soils, whereas citric acid leaching is effective on the K311 site soils. Sequential leaching showed that the majority of the uranium in the contaminated soils was contained in carbonate minerals (45%) and iron oxides (40%). Conventional leaching showed that citric acid treatment was most effective on the K311 site soils, whereas the sodium carbonate/ bicarbonate treatment was most effective on the K1300 site soils. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Korea Inst Geol Min & Mat, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Edenspace Syst Corp, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Roh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2000 VL 9 IS 5 BP 463 EP 486 DI 10.1080/10588330091134356 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 359XL UT WOS:000089637300004 ER PT J AU Rannels, J AF Rannels, J TI The DOE Office of Solar Energy Technologies' vision for advancing solar technologies in the new Millennium SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB This paper is an introduction to the new DOE Office of Solar Energy Technologies (OSET). The OSET combines the Phovoltaics (PV), Concentrating Solar Power (CSP), and Solar Buildings programs into a single office. This new organization creates opportunities for efficiencies and joint efforts that benefit all three research programs. Most important, it creates a single focus within DOE for the solar energy industry, university researchers and the interested public to work with the Department of Energy to advance solar energy. This paper win discuss the DOE OSET programs for FY 2000 and expectations for FY 2001 based on our budget request. Finally, it will discuss how we expect a well-managed, coherent program guided by a strong vision, solid research plans and stakeholder involvement to be more effective in winning support for our programs and the solar industry. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Dept Energy, Off Solar Energy Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Rannels, J (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Off Solar Energy Technol, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2000 VL 69 IS 5 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00105-5 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 379ZU UT WOS:000165674000002 ER PT J AU Fend, T Jorgensen, G Kuster, H AF Fend, T Jorgensen, G Kuster, H TI Applicability of highly reflective aluminium coil for solar concentrators SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Because of their manufacturing flexibility and their low costs, mirrors based on anodized or coated sheet aluminium are a promising alternative as primary or secondary concentrators in a number of solar energy applications. They offer solar weighted reflectances of 88-91%, good mechanical properties and are easy to recycle. However, problems occur due to their limited corrosion resistance; Therefore, prior to application, lifetime tests including outdoor and accelerated ageing tests are necessary to prove their optical durability in terms of achieving a 10-year service lifetime. In this study the optical properties of a number of different aluminized reflector materials after accelerated and outdoor exposure tests have been investigated. Optical testing has been performed by measuring the spectral hemispherical reflectance of exposed samples and calculating the solar weighted value. Additionally, specular reflectance has been measured with a simple mobile reflectometer. Materials involved are standard commercial anodized sheet aluminium with layers of different thicknesses and standard high specular aluminium with a metaloxide layer system plus an antioxidation polymer coating. Results show that optical degradation is strongly dependent on climatic conditions. Non-organic coatings involved are primarily attacked by humid climates with higher amounts of atmospheric pollution. Standard anodized materials withstand outdoor and accelerated weathering. However reflectance tends to become less specular, which limits their application in concentrating technologies. Finally, small scale application tests have been performed to demonstrate the applicability concerning handling and mechanical connection with support structures. By measuring power density in the focus of a test collector, minimum specular reflectance requirements for trough systems can be defined. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt EV, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Alanod Aluminium Veredelung GMBH, D-58256 Ennepetal, Germany. RP Fend, T (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt EV, Linder Hohe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2000 VL 68 IS 4 SI SI BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00027-X PN A PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 318UV UT WOS:000087303000008 ER PT J AU Vianco, PT Kilgo, AC AF Vianco, PT Kilgo, AC TI The impact of process parameters on gold elimination from soldered connector assemblies SO SOLDERING & SURFACE MOUNT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE connectors; soldering; gold; embrittlement AB Gold coatings are used on connector structures to maintain suitable solderability of the underlying Ni coating layer as well as to prevent surface corrosion during service. However, the likelihood of Au embrittlement in connector solder joints must be minimized by eliminating much of the Au plating from the surfaces using a hat solder dipping or "wicking" procedure prior to final assembly. It was observed that Au removal was most effective by using a double wicking process. Also. a higher soldering temperature improved the efficiency of the Au removal process. A longer soldering time during the wicking process did not appear to offer an appreciable improvement in Au removal. Because the wicking procedure was a manual process, it was found to be operator dependent. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0911 J9 SOLDER SURF MT TECH JI Solder. Surf. Mt. Technol. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1108/09540910010331400 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 338FZ UT WOS:000088409000004 ER PT S AU Griffith, ML Ensz, MT Puskar, JD Robino, CV Brooks, JA Philliber, JA Smugeresky, JE Hofmeister, WH AF Griffith, ML Ensz, MT Puskar, JD Robino, CV Brooks, JA Philliber, JA Smugeresky, JE Hofmeister, WH BE Danforth, SC Dimos, D Prinz, FB TI Understanding the microstructure and properties of components fabricated by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) SO SOLID FREEFORM AND ADDITIVE FABRICATION-2000 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid Freeform and Additive Fabrication CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Off Naval Res, Sandia Natl Lab ID THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; STAINLESS-STEEL; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) is a novel manufacturing process for fabricating metal parts directly from Computer Aided Design (CAD) solid models. The process is similar to rapid prototyping technologies in its approach to fabricate a solid component by layer additive methods. However, the LENS technology is unique in that fully dense metal components with material properties similar to wrought materials can be fabricated. The LENS process has the potential to dramatically reduce the time and cost required realizing functional metal parts. In addition, the process can fabricate complex internal features not possible using existing manufacturing processes. The real promise of the technology is the potential to manipulate the material fabrication and properties through precision deposition of the material, which includes thermal behavior control, layered or graded deposition of multi-materials, and process parameter selection. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Griffith, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Hofmeister, William/0000-0002-4145-7061 NR 14 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 12 U2 40 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-533-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 625 BP 9 EP 20 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR97P UT WOS:000168248000002 ER PT S AU Brooks, JA Headley, TJ Robino, CV AF Brooks, JA Headley, TJ Robino, CV BE Danforth, SC Dimos, D Prinz, FB TI Microstructures of laser deposited 304L austenitic stainless steel SO SOLID FREEFORM AND ADDITIVE FABRICATION-2000 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid Freeform and Additive Fabrication CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Off Naval Res, Sandia Natl Lab ID SOLIDIFICATION; WELDS; ALLOYS AB Laser deposits fabricated from two different compositions of 304L stainless steel powder were characterized to determine the nature of the solidification and solid state transformations. One of the goals of this work was to determine to what extent novel microstructures consisting of single-phase austenite could be achieved with the thermal conditions of the LENS process. Although ferrite-free deposits were not obtained, structures with very low ferrite content were achieved. It appeared that, with slight changes in alloy composition, this goal could be met via two different solidification and transformation mechanisms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brooks, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-533-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 625 BP 21 EP 30 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR97P UT WOS:000168248000003 ER PT S AU Bell, N Dimos, D AF Bell, N Dimos, D BE Danforth, SC Dimos, D Prinz, FB TI Calculation of Hamaker constants in nonaqueous fluid media SO SOLID FREEFORM AND ADDITIVE FABRICATION-2000 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Solid Freeform and Additive Fabrication CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Off Naval Res, Sandia Natl Lab AB Calculations of the Hamaker constants representing the van der Waals interactions between conductor, resistor and dielectric materials are performed using Lifshitz theory. The calculation of the parameters for the Ninham-Parsegian relationship for several non-aqueous liquids has been derived based on literature dielectric data. Discussion of the role of van der Waals forces in the dispersion of particles is given for understanding paste formulation. Experimental measurements of viscosity are presented to show the role of dispersant truncation of attractive van der Waals forces. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Bell, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, POB 5800,1515 Eubank Blvd SE,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-533-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 625 BP 129 EP 134 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR97P UT WOS:000168248000017 ER PT J AU Ramirez, AP Subramanian, MA Gardel, M Blumberg, G Li, D Vogt, T Shapiro, SM AF Ramirez, AP Subramanian, MA Gardel, M Blumberg, G Li, D Vogt, T Shapiro, SM TI Giant dielectric constant response in a copper-titanate SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectronics; chemical synthesis; crystal structure and symmetry; dielectric response; inelastic light scattering ID DENSITY AB We describe a material, cubic CaCu3Ti4O12, which exhibits a large dielectric response, the temperature-dependence of which has not been seen, to our knowledge, in any existing material. This compound possesses a low-frequency dielectric constant, epsilon similar to 10(4) [1], which is only weakly varying in the temperature range 100-400 K. Below T similar to 100 K, however, there is an abrupt 100-fold reduction in the value of epsilon. X-ray diffraction and thermodynamic data argue against an explanation in terms of ferroelectricity, i.e. the collective ordering of local dipole moments. Both the low-frequency dielectric response as well as Raman scattering data suggest the existence of highly polarizable relaxational modes with a characteristic gap energy of 28 meV. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Dupont Co, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ramirez, AP (reprint author), Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Gardel, Margaret/D-1703-2012 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; NR 10 TC 742 Z9 783 U1 10 U2 103 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 115 IS 5 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(00)00182-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 326QL UT WOS:000087746200001 ER PT J AU Burakovsky, L Preston, DL AF Burakovsky, L Preston, DL TI Analysis of dislocation mechanism for melting of elements SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE metals; crystal structure and symmetry; dislocations and disclinations; phase transitions; thermodynamic properties ID X-Y MODEL; PHASE-TRANSITION; PHYSICS AB The melting of elemental solids is modeled as a dislocation-mediated transition on a lattice. Statistical mechanics of linear defects is used to obtain a new relation between melting temperature, crystal structure, atomic volume, and sheer modulus that is accurate to 17% for at least half of the Periodic Table. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burakovsky, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 115 IS 7 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(00)00190-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 329YQ UT WOS:000087936400002 ER PT J AU Munteanu, FM Kim, Y Perry, CH Rickel, DG Simmons, JA Reno, JL AF Munteanu, FM Kim, Y Perry, CH Rickel, DG Simmons, JA Reno, JL TI Photoluminescence detected enhancement of the electron-hole exchange interaction in a quantum well SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE quantum wells; semiconductors ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; HEAVY-HOLE; GAAS; EXCITON; INTERRUPTION; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; GAS AB We report the results of polarized magneto-photoluminescence (MPL) measurements on a high mobility modulation-doped GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well. The magnetic field was varied between 0 and 60 T. The appearance of a doublet structure in the heavy-hole magneto-exciton in the high field regime was interpreted as an indication for enhanced electron-hole exchange interaction induced by the confinement. The effective g-factor of the electron determined from the Zeeman splitting was 3.7 times higher than the bulk value. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. ALI rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 02115 Sandia Natl Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Munteanu, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS E-536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 114 IS 2 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(00)00015-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 293GU UT WOS:000085844400002 ER PT J AU Kazimirov, A Cao, LX Scherb, G Cheng, L Bedzyk, MJ Zegenhagen, J AF Kazimirov, A Cao, LX Scherb, G Cheng, L Bedzyk, MJ Zegenhagen, J TI X-ray standing-wave analysis of the rare-earth atomic positions in RBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE high-T-c superconductors; epitaxy; X-ray scattering ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; PRBA2CU3O7; SRTIO3(001); CRYSTAL; GROWTH AB We applied the X-ray standing-wave technique to study the lattice location of rare-earth atoms in thin films of RBa2Cu3O7-delta (R = Gd, Pr). The films had a thickness of 200 nm and were grown by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3(001) substrates. The standing wave was generated by kinematic Bragg diffraction. The angular dependence of the R-L and Ba-L fluorescence yield was recorded while scanning through the (005) Bragg reflection of the film. Analysis of the angular dependence leads to information on the degree of site interchange of R and Ba. We found a clear indication that Pr substitutes for Ba. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Zegenhagen, J (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM zegenhagen@esrf.fr RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Cheng, Likwan/C-1436-2013; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 114 IS 5 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(00)00040-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 302PX UT WOS:000086375300007 ER PT J AU Peters, MJ Grimsditch, M Polian, A AF Peters, MJ Grimsditch, M Polian, A TI High-pressure Raman scattering from GaPO4 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE crystal structure and symmetry; phase transitions; phonons; inelastic light scattering ID SIO2 ALPHA-QUARTZ; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; ALPO4 AB The pressure dependence of the phonons in GaPO4 has been investigated up to 18 GPa using Raman spectroscopy. The existence of sharp Raman lines above the phase transition at approximately 11 GPa is a clear indication that the high-pressure phase is crystalline and not amorphous. Two phonons in the low-pressure phase exhibit soft mode behavior. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Peters, MJ (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28607 USA. RI Polian, Alain/E-1555-2017 OI Polian, Alain/0000-0003-2261-9114 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 114 IS 6 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(00)00042-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 305JX UT WOS:000086537300008 ER PT J AU Mamaev, YA Subashiev, AV Yashin, YP Drouhin, HJ Lampel, G AF Mamaev, YA Subashiev, AV Yashin, YP Drouhin, HJ Lampel, G TI Energy resolved spin-polarised electron photoemission from strained GaAs/GaAsP heterostructure SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; electronic states; spin dynamics; electron emission spectroscopies ID ACTIVATED GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; SURFACE AB High resolution energy distribution curves (EDC) and a polarisation versus energy distribution curves (PEDC) of the electrons, photoemitted from strained GaAs/GaAsP layers are experimentally studied. The basic structures of the spectra are found to vary with temperature and illuminating wavelength. The ageing of the activation layer changes the EDC shape as well. Nevertheless, in the vicinity of the photoexcitation threshold the polarisation does not vary across the energy distribution both at room and 120 K temperatures of the cathode, which means that no depolarisation occurs during energy relaxation in the band bending region. The electron energy distribution is interpreted in terms of the electron energy relaxation in the band tail states of the quantum well formed by the band-bending region. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 State Tech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Ecole Polytech, Phys Mat Condensee Lab, CNRS, UMR 7643, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Mamaev, YA (reprint author), State Tech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 114 IS 7 BP 401 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(00)00065-X PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 307XC UT WOS:000086678600009 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Lee, SJ Lynch, DW AF Kim, KJ Lee, SJ Lynch, DW TI Study of optical properties and electronic structure of ferromagnetic FeCo SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; optical properties; electronic band structure AB The optical properties of ordered cubic FeCo were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the 1.5-5.5 eV photon energy region at room temperature. A strong absorption structure exists around 2 eV in the optical conductivity spectrum of the compound, which is located close to that of pure bcc Fe. The spin-polarized band structure of FeCo calculated by the linear-muffin-tin orbitals method shows that the d-states from Co sites disperse in the same energy region as those from Fe sites, The calculated real part of the optical conductivity of FeCo from its band structure exhibits a strong absorption structure around 2 eV in good agreement with the experimental spectrum. Such agreement indicates a dispersive character of the d-bands of FeCo comparable to those of pure Fe. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 114 IS 9 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(00)00094-6 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 307XG UT WOS:000086679000002 ER PT J AU Leys, FE March, NH Van Doren, VE Straub, G AF Leys, FE March, NH Van Doren, VE Straub, G TI Equilibrium volumes of body-centered cubic alkali metals related to critical constants SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE metals; phase transitions; thermodynamic properties AB Regularities at the first-order body-centered cubic to face-centered cubic transition induced by pressure are first shown to relate to the critical thermodynamic constants of the five alkali metals from Li to Cs. The melting transition at atmospheric pressure is then correlated with the critical temperatures. Finally, though we recognize that Fr (Z = 87) has a half-life of only 22 min, predictions are made of its critical constants assuming it to be a body-centered cubic alkali metal. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Antwerp, RUCA, Dept Phys, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Leys, FE (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, RUCA, Dept Phys, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 113 IS 8 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(99)00494-9 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 279QM UT WOS:000085056700013 ER PT J AU Cohen, ML Louie, SG Zettl, A AF Cohen, ML Louie, SG Zettl, A TI Random access of nanodevices SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE heterojunctions; nanostructures; nanofabrication; electronic transport ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CONDUCTANCE; DEFECTS; TUBULES; LAYERS AB Systems containing ultrahigh densities of patterned nanometer scale devices are anticipated to be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to fabricate and access in an error-free fashion using existing technologies. In this work, we show that extremely high densities of on-tube and intertube nonlinear electronic devices are realizable in samples of randomly grown carbon nanotubes. Further we propose and demonstrate a strategy for accessing and exploiting the random collection of nanodevices in such systems. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 113 IS 10 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(99)00543-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 283KU UT WOS:000085275400002 ER PT J AU Sirenko, AA Fox, JR Akimov, IA Xi, XX Ruvimov, S Liliental-Weber, Z AF Sirenko, AA Fox, JR Akimov, IA Xi, XX Ruvimov, S Liliental-Weber, Z TI In situ Raman scattering studies of the amorphous and crystalline Si nanoparticles SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nanostructures; phonons; inelastic light scattering ID FREESTANDING POROUS SILICON; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTRA; FILMS; GE; ABSORPTION; MICROCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We report on in situ studies of the vibrational properties of Si nanoparticles and ultrathin layers grown by de magnetron sputtering in ultrahigh vacuum on amorphous MgO and Ag buffer layers. The average thickness of the Si layers ranged from monolayer coverage up to 200 Angstrom. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to determine size and shape of the Si nanoparticles. Changes in the phonon spectra of Si nanoparticles during the crystallization process have been studied by interference enhanced Raman scattering technique. Marked size-dependences in the phonon density of states and the relaxation of the k-vector conservation with decrease in size of the Si nanoparticles have been detected. The transition between crystalline-and amorphous-like behavior takes place in the particles with an average number of Si atoms equal to (7 +/- 2) X 10(2). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sirenko, AA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Akimov, Ilya/G-6748-2012; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 113 IS 10 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(99)00539-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 283KU UT WOS:000085275400003 ER PT J AU Cao, G Crow, JE Guertin, RP Henning, PF Homes, CC Strongin, M Basov, DN Lochner, E AF Cao, G Crow, JE Guertin, RP Henning, PF Homes, CC Strongin, M Basov, DN Lochner, E TI Charge density wave formation accompanying ferromagnetic ordering in quasi-one-dimensional BaIrO3 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; crystal structure and symmetry; electronic transport; exchange and superexchange; optical properties ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; BIPOLARON FORMATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CONDUCTOR AB The magnetic, transport, optical, and structural properties of quasi-one-dimensional BaIrO3 show evidence for the simultaneous onset of electronic density wave formation and ferromagnetism at T-c3 = 175 K, Two additional features in the chain direction de conductivity show a sudden change to metallic behavior below T-c2 = 80 K and then a Mott-like transition at T-c1 = 26 K. Highly non-linear de conductivity, optical gap formation at approximate to 9k(B)T(c3), additional phonon modes, and emergent X-ray satellite structure support density wave formation, Even at very high (30 T) fields the saturation Ir moment is very small, approximate to 0.04 mu(B)/Ir (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Cao, G (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 25 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2000 VL 113 IS 11 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(99)00532-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 285YZ UT WOS:000085417100012 ER PT S AU Weichman, LS Dickey, FM Shagam, RN AF Weichman, LS Dickey, FM Shagam, RN BE Scheps, R TI Beam shaping element for compact fiber injection systems SO SOLID STATE LASERS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers IX CY JAN 25-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE diffracting beam integrator; lenslet array; fiber injection; beam shaping ID POWER AB Injection of high power, multi-mode laser profiles into a fiber optic delivery system requires controlling a number of injection parameters to maximize throughput and minimize concerns for optical damage both at the entrance and exit faces of the fiber optic. A simple method for simultaneously achieving a compact fiber injection geometry and control of these injection parameters, independent of the input source characteristics, is provided by a refractive lenslet array and simple injection lens configuration. Design criteria together with analytical and experimental results for the refractive lenslet array and short focal length injection lens are presented. This arrangement provides a uniform spatial intensity distribution at the fiber injection plane to a large degree independent of the source mode structure, spatial profile, divergence, size, and/or alignment to the injection system. This technique has application to a number of laser systems where uniform illumination of a target or remote delivery of high peak power is desired. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weichman, LS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3546-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3929 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.382762 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ18M UT WOS:000087374600021 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Horwitz, EP AF Chiarizia, R Horwitz, EP TI Radiolytic stability of some recently developed ion exchange and extraction chromatographic resins containing diphosphonic acid groups SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID METAL-IONS; DEGRADATION; ACTINIDES; PRECONCENTRATION AB The effect of Co-60 irradiation on the Diphonix(TM), Diphosil and Diphonix-CS chelating ion exchange resins, and on two Dipex(TM) extraction chromatographic resins containing the P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methanediphosphonic acid (H2DEH[MDP]) impregnated in the pores of a polymeric support (Dipex-1) and of silica (Dipex-2), respectively, has been investigated. The resins have been irradiated while in contact with HNO3 (Diphonix, Diphosil and Dipex resins) or NaOH (Diphonix-CS resin) up to an absorbed dose of about 200 Mrad. As a probe of the resin radiolytic degradation, metal uptake (both equilibrium and kinetics) and capacity measurements have been performed. Our results show that the Diphonix-CS resin properties are practically unaffected by irradiation under the experimental conditions used in this work. The Diphonix, Diphosil, and especially the Dipex resins suffer substantial capacity losses, but their affinity for actinide ions is not seriously compromised. On the other hand, the kinetics of metal uptake by the silica based Diphosil and Dipex-2 resins becomes substantially slower indicating that, from a radiolytic degradation standpoint, polymeric materials perform better than silica as supports for H2DEH[MDP] containing extraction chromatographic resins. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 109 EP 132 DI 10.1080/07366290008934675 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 281FU UT WOS:000085147900007 ER PT J AU Laue, CA Sudowe, R Gregorich, KE Hoffman, DC AF Laue, CA Sudowe, R Gregorich, KE Hoffman, DC TI Development of a fast and efficient separation for short-lived plutonium isotopes produced in accelerator-based irradiations SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article AB A novel, fast and simple separation procedure is presented for separation of plutonium from lighter actinides and fission products. Classical methods, such as TTA-extraction and anion exchange resin techniques, were examined but failed to provide sufficient separation from lighter actinides. A successful procedure based on solid phase extraction chromatography was developed. Plutonium was effectively separated from interfering activities within 8 minutes using TEVA-resin(R), a quaternary amine-based liquid anion exchanger sorbed on an inert support. Recoveries of about 70% were achieved for plutonium with decontamination factors of 10(5) to 10(6) from neptunium uranium and thorium. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Marburg, Inst Kernchem, FB 15, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. RP Laue, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70A-3307,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 203 EP 221 DI 10.1080/07366290008934679 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 294KG UT WOS:000085910000001 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Urban, V Thiyagarajan, P Bond, AH Dietz, ML AF Chiarizia, R Urban, V Thiyagarajan, P Bond, AH Dietz, ML TI Small angle neutron scattering investigation of the species formed in the extraction of Sr(II) by mixtures of di-n-octylphosphoric acid and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; METAL-CATIONS; AGGREGATION; COMPLEXES AB Deuterated toluene solutions of di-n-octylphosphoric acid, HDOP, containing Sr+2 extracted from 0.1 M LiNO3 aqueous solutions, were investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The extractions were also performed in the presence of either the cis-syn-cis or the cis-anti-cis stereoisomer of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) in combination with HDOP in the toluene phase. The addition of the crown ether increased metal extraction into the organic phase over that observed with HDOP alone (synergistic extraction). The cis-syn-cis isomer was more effective than the cis-anti-cis isomer in enhancing Sr(II) extraction in the synergistic system. The SANS results confirmed that when the metal cation is extracted by HDOP present in large stoichiometric excess, the predominant species formed in the organic phase can be described as Sr(H(DOP)(2))(2) with 2 extra HDOP molecules solvating the complex. In the synergistic crown ether-HDOP system, the SANS data are consistent with solvent extraction data suggesting the formation of complexes containing one crown ether and two HDOP dimers. In the extraction of Sr(II) by HDOP alone, the SANS data reveal the presence of small amounts of large aggregates. Both the cis-syn-cis and cis-anti-cis isomers of DCH18C6 inhibit the formation of these aggregates. The cis-anti-cis isomer, however, despite its weaker complexation of strontium, is more effective in preventing aggregate formation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015 OI Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 451 EP 478 DI 10.1080/07366290008934692 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 318TY UT WOS:000087301000004 ER PT J AU Nash, KL Barrans, RE Chiarizia, R Dietz, ML Jensen, MP Rickert, PG Moyer, BA Bonnesen, PV Bryan, JC Sachleben, RA AF Nash, KL Barrans, RE Chiarizia, R Dietz, ML Jensen, MP Rickert, PG Moyer, BA Bonnesen, PV Bryan, JC Sachleben, RA TI Fundamental investigations of separations science for radioactive materials SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; ION-EXCHANGE RESIN; P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; METAL EXTRACTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NITRATE MEDIA; CROWN-ETHERS; TETRAHYDROFURAN-2,3,4,5-TETRACARBOXYLIC ACID; MACROCYCLIC POLYETHERS AB Fundamental investigations of solvent extraction and ion exchange separations of radioactive materials have been conducted within the National Laboratory system of the U.S. Department of Energy (and its predecessor agencies) for the past 50 years. Basic research conducted at Oak Ridge and Argonne National Laboratories has produced both high quality new science and important applications in nuclear technology. The present contribution is an attempt to summarize the most important scientific results arising from this research during the past 10 years, a time of great change in the nuclear separations field, and to suggest possible directions for the next stage of research and development in this field. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Bldg 4500S,MS-6119,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693; Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 80 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 605 EP 631 DI 10.1080/07366290008934700 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 336UU UT WOS:000088322000002 ER PT J AU Mohammed, AK Sullivan, JC Nash, KL AF Mohammed, AK Sullivan, JC Nash, KL TI Kinetics of the complexation of UO2(NO3)(2) with tributyl phosphate (TBP) in xylene SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ACIDIC SOLUTIONS; C-13 AB The kinetics of ligand exchange between bulk solution TBP and uranyl nitrate bound TBP in o-xylene has been investigated by P-31 dynamic NMR spectroscopy. First order ligand exchange rate constant, k, and the activation energy for the uranyl nitrate-TBP system were determined from plots of transverse relaxation rates (In (1/tau)) versus reciprocal temperature (1/T). Using the Eyring equation, the average values of activation enthalpy, Delta H* (30.8+/-5.1 kJ.mole(-1)), and activation entropy, Delta S* (-109+/-19 J/mol.K) have been calculated. The negative entropy of activation value indicates an increase in order on proceeding from the reactants to the activated complex. Therefore, an associative mechanism may be proposed for the ligand exchange reaction between UO2(NO3)(2) TBP2 and TBP. Equilibration of the extractant phase with 1.0 M HCl did not change the ligand exchange rate constants or the activation parameters appreciably. These results are discussed in comparison with previous reports on TBP exchange rates for this system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. N Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, Dept Chem, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 5 BP 809 EP 820 DI 10.1080/07366290008934708 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 361VM UT WOS:000089745000001 ER PT J AU Bonnesen, PV Delmau, LH Moyer, BA Leonard, RA AF Bonnesen, PV Delmau, LH Moyer, BA Leonard, RA TI A robust alkaline-side CSEX solvent suitable for removing cesium from Savannah River high level waste SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTION AB A robust solvent suitable for extracting cesium from alkaline nitrate media like that of the high-level liquid waste stored at the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site has been developed. The solvent is composed of the cesium extractant calix[4]arene-bis-(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) ("BOBCalixC6") at 0.01 M, the modifier 1-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4-sec-butylphenoxy)-2-propanol ("Cs-7SBT") at 0.50 M, trioctylamine ("TOA") at 0.001 M, and the aliphatic diluent Isopar(R) L. The solvent holds up exceptionally well under various stresses, such as sustained contact with waste simulant and dilute nitric acid; repeated extraction, scrubbing, and stripping cycles; and excessive loading. The behavior of the solvent in batch-equilibrium flowsheet tests conducted at 15, 25, and 45 degreesC is presented. Flowsheet calculations show that the Savannah River Site requirements for a decontamination factor of 40,000 and a cesium concentration factor of 12 could be met in a 22-stage bank of 25-cm centrifugal contactors at 25 degreesC with conservative assumptions regarding hydrodynamics and stage efficiency. Exploiting the temperature dependence of extraction and stripping could reduce the number of stages to 18. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bonnesen, PV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, MS-6119-4500S,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 17 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1079 EP 1107 DI 10.1080/07366290008934723 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 365UG UT WOS:000089968400003 ER PT J AU Pappa, RS Doebling, SW Kholwad, TD AF Pappa, RS Doebling, SW Kholwad, TD TI On-line database of vibration-based damage detection experiments SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB This article describes a new, on-line bibliographic database of vibration-based damage detection experiments. Publications in the database discuss experiments conducted on actual structures as well as those conducted with simulated data. The database can be searched and sorted in many ways, and it provides photographs of test structures when available. It currently contains 100 publications, which is estimated to be about 5%-10% of the number of papers written to date on this subject. Additional entries are forthcoming. This database is available for public use on the Internet at the following address: http://sdbpappa-mac.larc.nasa.gov. Click on the link named "dd_experiments.fp3" and then type 'guest' as the password. No user name is required. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Pappa, RS (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 USA SN 0038-1810 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 34 IS 1 BP 28 EP 33 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 282JR UT WOS:000085215300006 ER PT B AU Armstrong, GA AF Armstrong, GA BE Johnson, SW Chua, KM Galloway, R Richter, P TI Position and Orientation Tracking System SO SPACE 2000, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, Operations, and Business in Space CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerosp Div, Amer Astronaut Soc, NASA, SandiA Natl Labs, Natl Space Soc, Int Assoc Automat & Robot Construct, Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Space Daily, Spacenews Com, Bechtel Grp, Fluor Global Serv AB The Position and Orientation Tracking System (POTS) is a triangulating laser-based pose tracking measurement system. POTS provides real-time tracking of multiple target vehicles from the chase vehicle (25 - 100 samples/second) with a wide field of view (45 degrees vertical and horizontal). In addition, POTS is composed mainly of off-the-shelf commercially available equipment. As the measurement does not use a camera, no image processing and analysis routines will be needed to determine the position of the target vehicle, all position solutions are derived in closed form automatically (no iterations). POTS uses triangulation to determine the position of the target position sensors that are acquired every sample. POTS measurements are absolute; allowing the target to be momentarily occluded without the need to incrementally reference a fixed coordinate frame (as is the case with interferometry). POTS works over a 4 pi steradians work space and can be extended from the current range of 13.7 m (45 ft) to thousands of feet with new higher power semiconductor or solid state lasers. The POTS system was designed to track the Department of Energy's (DOE) Light Duty Utility Arm as well as the Houdini Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) during nuclear waste tank cleanup operations. The POTS system could be directly applicable to task that require precision tracking of the pose parameters of the space shuttle manipulator as well as all of its joints. In addition, by extending the range of the lasers, POTS could provide very accurate pose information on a target vehicle during a docking operation. The POTS system is the result of a 4-year effort under the Robotics Development and Technology Program to develop a tracking system for long reach manipulators and ROVs. The optical metrology expertise developed under the program is an extension of expertise gained while performing research and development in the area of long-range surface mapping. Topographical maps were needed for robotic tasks in underground storage tank characterization and remediation as well as during robotic decontamination and decommissioning work at DOE complexes throughout the nation. These systems were designed to operate in 300-500 rads/hr gamma fields with total accumulated doses in the 1e6 rads range. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) designed and developed topographical mapping systems that have been used to map underground storage tanks at Fernald, Ohio and Oak Ridge, TN. The ranging systems in these designs were based on structured-light triangulation range determination technology. In addition, ORNL has participated in the design of a Frequency Modulation Laser Range Finder for inspection of plasma facing components in an experimental fusion reactor.(4) The optical metrology system requirements included surviving in a 1e8 rad/hr neutron and gamma field. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Armstrong, GA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0479-8 PY 2000 BP 327 EP 335 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ36D UT WOS:000088122100038 ER PT B AU Reynolds, D Kern, J Schoeneman, JL AF Reynolds, D Kern, J Schoeneman, JL BE Johnson, SW Chua, KM Galloway, R Richter, P TI Nanosatellite program at Sandia National Laboratories SO SPACE 2000, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, Operations, and Business in Space CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerosp Div, Amer Astronaut Soc, NASA, SandiA Natl Labs, Natl Space Soc, Int Assoc Automat & Robot Construct, Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Space Daily, Spacenews Com, Bechtel Grp, Fluor Global Serv AB The concept of building extremely small satellites which, either independently or as a collective, can perform missions which are comparable to their much larger cousins, has fascinated scientists and engineers for several years now. In addition to the now commonplace microelectronic integrated circuits, the more recent advent of technologies such as photonic integrated circuits (PIC's) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have placed such a goal within our grasp. Key to the acceptance of this technology will be the ability to manufacture these very small satellites in quantity without sacrificing their performance or versatility. In support of its nuclear treaty verification, proliferation monitoring and other remote sensing missions, Sandia National Laboratories has had a 35-year history of providing highly capable systems, densely packaged for unintrusive piggyback missions on government satellites. As monitoring requirements have become mon challenging and remote sensing technologies become more sophisticated, packaging greater capability into these systems has become a requirement. Likewise, dwindling budgets are pushing satellite programs toward smaller and smaller platforms, reinforcing the need for smaller, cheaper satellite systems. In the next step of its miniaturization plan, Sandia has begun development of technologies for a highly integrated miniature satellite. The focus of this development is to achieve nanosat or smaller dimensions while maintaining significant capability utilizing semiconductor wafer-level integration and, at the same time promoting affordability through modular generic construction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Satellite Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reynolds, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Satellite Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0479-8 PY 2000 BP 461 EP 468 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ36D UT WOS:000088122100057 ER PT B AU Butler, MA Frye-Mason, GC Osbourn, GC AF Butler, MA Frye-Mason, GC Osbourn, GC BE Johnson, SW Chua, KM Galloway, R Richter, P TI Micro-sensors for space applications SO SPACE 2000, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, Operations, and Business in Space CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerosp Div, Amer Astronaut Soc, NASA, SandiA Natl Labs, Natl Space Soc, Int Assoc Automat & Robot Construct, Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Space Daily, Spacenews Com, Bechtel Grp, Fluor Global Serv ID SPECTRA AB Important factors in the application of sensing technology to space applications are low mass, small size, and low power. All of these attributes are enabled by the application of MEMS and micro-fabrication technology to microsensors. Two types of sensors are utilized in space applications: remotes sensing rom orbit around the earth or another planetary body, and point sensing in the spacecraft or external to it. Several Sandia projects that apply microfabrication technologies to the development of new sensing capabilities having the potential for space applications will be briefly described The Micro-Navigator is a project to develop a MEMS-based device to measure acceleration and rotation in all three axes for local area navigation. The Polychromator project is a joint project with Honeywell and MIT to develop an electrically programmable diffraction grating that can be programmed to synthesize the spectra of molecules. This grating will be used as the reference cell in a gas correlation radiometer to enable remote chemical detection of most chemical species. Another area of research where microfabrication is having a large impact is the development of a "lab on a chip." Sandia's efforts to develop the mu ChemLab(TM) will be described including the development of microfabricated pre-concentrators, chromatographic columns, and detectors. Smart sensors that allow the spacecraft independent decision making capabilities depend on pattern recognition. Sandia's development of a new pattern recognition methodology that can be used to interpret sensor response as well as for target recognition applications will be described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor R&D Dept 1715, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Butler, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor R&D Dept 1715, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0479-8 PY 2000 BP 476 EP 481 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ36D UT WOS:000088122100059 ER PT B AU Shul, RJ Kravitz, SH Christenson, TR Willison, CG Zipperian, TE AF Shul, RJ Kravitz, SH Christenson, TR Willison, CG Zipperian, TE BE Johnson, SW Chua, KM Galloway, R Richter, P TI Silicon microfabrication technologies for nano-satellite applications SO SPACE 2000, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, Operations, and Business in Space CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerosp Div, Amer Astronaut Soc, NASA, SandiA Natl Labs, Natl Space Soc, Int Assoc Automat & Robot Construct, Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Space Daily, Spacenews Com, Bechtel Grp, Fluor Global Serv AB Silicon (Si) has a strength to density ratio of 3.0(sigma gamma/delta=(6.8Gpa/2.3g/cc)), an order-of-magnitude higher than titanium, aluminum, or stainless steel. Silicon also demonstrates favorable thermal, optical, and electrical properties making it ideal for use as a structural foundation for autonomous, mesoscopic systems such as nanosatellites. Using Si substrates, a structure that can simultaneously act as a thermal management system, a radiation shield, an optical material, a package, and a semiconductor substrate can be realized. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shul, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0479-8 PY 2000 BP 482 EP 487 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ36D UT WOS:000088122100060 ER PT B AU Laubscher, BE Cooke, BJ AF Laubscher, BE Cooke, BJ BE Johnson, SW Chua, KM Galloway, R Richter, P TI The application of Fourier transform heterodyne to astronomical interferometry SO SPACE 2000, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, Operations, and Business in Space CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Aerosp Div, Amer Astronaut Soc, NASA, SandiA Natl Labs, Natl Space Soc, Int Assoc Automat & Robot Construct, Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Space Daily, Spacenews Com, Bechtel Grp, Fluor Global Serv AB New, general techniques exist for directly measuring the phase and magnitude of electromagnetic fields. These direct field imaging (DFI) technologies facilitate the measurement of the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic fields in wavelength regimes shorter than radio wavelengths. In principle, DFI can be used over the entire electromagnetic spectrum because the concept is inherent in the nature of electromagnetic fields. In practice, an experiment demonstrating imaging of the amplitude and phase of an electromagnetic wave at HeNe laser wavelengths (633 nanometers) has been carried out. The ability to measure (image) the two components of the electric field opens up the possibility of accomplishing ground-based or space-based astronomical interferometry (AI) in the visible and infrared regime in direct analogy with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), which is routinely carried out at radio wavelengths. In such a scenario, the magnitude and phase of the image field is coherently measured at each telescope in the array. Later the data from each telescope is brought together by coherently combining the properly phase matched signal data. The resulting image possesses resolution characteristic of the widest baselines between elements of the array that is a property of synthesis imaging. As in current AI techniques, DFI requires detailed knowledge of the baseline distance between the separate telescopes. However, unlike current AI techniques, DFI does not require that the baseline distance be maintained to a fraction of a wavelength as long as the knowledge of the baseline distance is recorded. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Laubscher, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D448,NIS-4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0479-8 PY 2000 BP 719 EP 726 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ36D UT WOS:000088122100087 ER PT J AU Pollock, CJ Asamura, K Baldonado, J Balkey, MM Barker, P Burch, JL Korpela, EJ Cravens, J Dirks, G Fok, MC Funsten, HO Grande, M Gruntman, M Hanley, J Jahn, JM Jenkins, M Lampton, M Marckwordt, M McComas, DJ Mukai, T Penegor, G Pope, S Ritzau, S Schattenburg, ML Scime, E Skoug, R Spurgeon, W Stecklein, T Storms, S Urdiales, C Valek, P van Beek, JTM Weidner, SE Wuest, M Young, MK Zinsmeyer, C AF Pollock, CJ Asamura, K Baldonado, J Balkey, MM Barker, P Burch, JL Korpela, EJ Cravens, J Dirks, G Fok, MC Funsten, HO Grande, M Gruntman, M Hanley, J Jahn, JM Jenkins, M Lampton, M Marckwordt, M McComas, DJ Mukai, T Penegor, G Pope, S Ritzau, S Schattenburg, ML Scime, E Skoug, R Spurgeon, W Stecklein, T Storms, S Urdiales, C Valek, P van Beek, JTM Weidner, SE Wuest, M Young, MK Zinsmeyer, C TI Medium Energy Neutral Atom (MENA) imager for the IMAGE mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID FREESTANDING TRANSMISSION GRATINGS; ULTRAVIOLET AB The Medium Energy Neutral Atom (MENA) imager was developed in response to the Imaging from the Magnetopause to the Aurora for Global Exploration (IMAGE) requirement to produce images of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) in the energy range from 1 to 30 keV. These images will be used to infer characteristics of magnetospheric ion distributions. The MENA imager is a slit camera that images incident ENAs in the polar angle (based on a conventional spherical coordinate system defined by the spacecraft spin axis) and utilizes the spacecraft spin to image in azimuth. The speed of incident ENAs is determined by measuring the time-of-flight (TOF) from the entrance aperture to the detector. A carbon foil in the entrance aperture yields secondary electrons, which are imaged using a position-sensitive Start detector segment. This provides both the one-dimensional (1D) position at which the ENA passed through the aperture and a Start time for the TOF system. Impact of the incident ENA on the 1D position-sensitive Stop detector segment provides both a Stop-timing signal and the location that the ENA impacts the detector. The ENA incident polar angle is derived from the measured Stop and Start positions. Species identification (H vs. O) is based on variation in secondary electron yield with mass for a fixed ENA speed. The MENA imager is designed to produce images with 8 degrees x4 degrees angular resolution over a field of view 140 degrees x360 degrees, over an energy range from 1 keV to 30 keV. Thus, the MENA imager is well suited to conduct measurements relevant to the Earth's ring current, plasma sheet, and (at times) magnetosheath and cusp. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Allison Lab 206, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Philips Res Labs, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Pollock, CJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. RI Fok, Mei-Ching/D-1626-2012; Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015; Gruntman, Mike/A-5426-2008; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013; OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Gruntman, Mike/0000-0002-0830-010X; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618; Valek, Philip/0000-0002-2318-8750; Korpela, Eric/0000-0001-8078-9395 NR 24 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 91 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 154 DI 10.1023/A:1005259324933 PG 42 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 296LB UT WOS:000086024900006 ER PT S AU Aranson, IS Blair, D Kalatsky, VA Crabtree, GW Kwok, WK Vinokur, VM Welp, U AF Aranson, IS Blair, D Kalatsky, VA Crabtree, GW Kwok, WK Vinokur, VM Welp, U BE ElGenk, MS TI Properties of electrostatically-driven granular medium: Phase transitions and charge transfer SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) CY JAN 30-FEB 03, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin Corp, NASA, US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Almos Natl Lab, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Div Heat Transfer & Energy Convers, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl Sect, Amer inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Local Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Nucl Engn, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers Inc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Int Astronaut Federat, NASA, Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, New Mexico Space grant Consortium ID PATTERNS; LAYERS AB The experimental and theoretical study of electrostatically driven granular material are reported. It is shown that the charged granular medium undergoes a hysteretic first order phase transition from the immobile condensed state (granular solid) to a fluidized dilated state (granular gas) with a changing applied electric field. In addition a spontaneous precipitation of dense clusters from the gas phase and subsequent coarsening - coagulation of these clusters is observed. Molecular dynamics simulations shows qualitative agreement with experimental results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aranson, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-919-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 504 BP 723 EP 728 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP88C UT WOS:000086475500124 ER PT S AU Lipinski, RJ Lenard, RX Wright, SA Houts, MG Patton, B Poston, D AF Lipinski, RJ Lenard, RX Wright, SA Houts, MG Patton, B Poston, D BE ElGenk, MS TI Fission-based electric propulsion for interstellar precursor missions SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) CY JAN 30-FEB 03, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin Corp, NASA, US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Almos Natl Lab, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Div Heat Transfer & Energy Convers, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl Sect, Amer inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Local Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Nucl Engn, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers Inc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Int Astronaut Federat, NASA, Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, New Mexico Space grant Consortium AB This paper reviews the technology options for a fission-based electric propulsion system for interstellar precursor missions. To achieve a total Delta V of more than 100 km/s in less than a decade of thrusting with an electric propulsion sl;stem of 10.000 s Isp requires a specific mass for the power system of less than 35 kg/kWe. Three possible configurations are described: (1) a UZrH-fueled, NaK;-cooled reactor with a steam Rankine conversion system, (2) a UN-fueled gas-cooled reactor with a recuperated Brayton conversion system, and (3) a UN-fueled heatpipe-cooled reactor with a recuperated Brayton conversion system. All three of these systems have the potential to meet the specific mass requirements for interstellar precursor missions in the near term. Advanced versions of a fission-based electric propulsion system might travel as much as several light ears in 200 years. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lipinski, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-1146,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-919-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 504 BP 974 EP 983 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP88C UT WOS:000086475500160 ER PT S AU Poston, D Belooussov, A AF Poston, D Belooussov, A BE ElGenk, MS TI Exploring the ocean of Europa: Reactor or RHU? SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) CY JAN 30-FEB 03, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin Corp, NASA, US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Almos Natl Lab, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Div Heat Transfer & Energy Convers, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl Sect, Amer inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Local Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Nucl Engn, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers Inc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Int Astronaut Federat, NASA, Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, New Mexico Space grant Consortium AB This paper examines the heat transfer characteristics of a probe (cryobot) penetrating through the ice layer of Europa. Initially, simple ID calculations are used to predict the ideal (no heat losses or temperature limitations) penetration rates for various size cryobots. Next a detailed 2D model is used to more realistically model penetration rates. It is found that for small, low power density systems, conductive losses can cause the penetration rate to be significantly lower than the ideal rate. The results of these calculations are meant to establish rough limits on the size of cryobot that can be powered by an RHU (Radioisotope Heater Unit), and at what sizes a reactor becomes enabling. It is concluded that if an RHU system (that delivers almost all power to the bit) can be developed with an overall, fully-engineered power density of similar to 1 W/cm(3). then an RHU system may be suitable for some mission scenarios, although slow penetration times (which increase mission risk) and/or high Pu-238 requirements (cost and availability) may still make a reactor a more optimal choice. If there is a requirement for a large payload and/or a rapid penetration time (similar to months), then a reactor will probably be required. The final portion of the paper examines potential reactor designs that could be used to power a cryobot. Two potential reactor designs are discussed - a near-term, low-cost heatpipe cooled system and a conductively-cooled metal-fueled reactor. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-K551, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-919-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 504 BP 1175 EP 1181 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP88C UT WOS:000086475500190 ER PT S AU Lipinski, RJ Lenard, RX Wright, SA Houts, MG Patton, B Poston, DI AF Lipinski, RJ Lenard, RX Wright, SA Houts, MG Patton, B Poston, DI BE ElGenk, MS TI NEP for a Kuiper Belt Object rendezvous mission SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) CY JAN 30-FEB 03, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin Corp, NASA, US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Almos Natl Lab, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Div Heat Transfer & Energy Convers, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl Sect, Amer inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Local Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Nucl Engn, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers Inc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Int Astronaut Federat, NASA, Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, New Mexico Space grant Consortium AB Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) are a recently-discovered set of solar system bodies which lie at about the orbit of Pluto (40 AU) out to about 100 astronomical units (AU). There are estimated to be about 100.000 KBOs with a diameter greater than 100 km. KBOs are postulated to be composed of the pristine material which formed our solar system and may even have organic materials in them. A detailed study of KBO size, orbit distribution, structure, and surface composition could shed light on the origins of the solar system and perhaps even on the origin of lifo in our solar system. A rendezvous mission including a lander would be needed to perform chemical analysis of the surface and sub-surface composition of KBOs. These requirements set the size of the science probe at around a ton, Mission analyses show that a fission-powered system with an electric thruster could rendezvous at 40 AU in about 13.0 years with a total DV of 46 km/s. It would deliver a 1000-kg science payload while providing ample onboard power for relaying data back to earth. The launch mass of the entire system (power, thrusters, propellant, navigation, communication, structure, science payload, etc.) would be 7984 kg if it were placed into an earth-escape trajectory (C=0). Alternatively, the system could be placed into a 700-km earth orbit with more propellant, yielding a total mass in LEO of 8618 kg, and then spiral out of earth orbit to arrive at the KBO in 14.3 years. To achieve this performance. a fission power sq stem with 100 kW of electrical power and a total mass (reactor, shield, conversion, and radiator) of about 2350 kg. Three possible configurations are proposed: (1) a UZrH-fueled, NaK-cooled reactor with a steam Rankine conversion system, (2) a UN-fueled gas-cooled reactor with a recuperated Brayton conversion system, and (3) a UN-fueled heatpipe-cooled reactor with a recuperated Brayton conversion system. (Boiling and condensation in the Rankine system is a technical risk at present.) All three of these systems have the potential to meet the weight requirement for the trip and to be built in the near term. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lipinski, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1146, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rjlipin@sandia.gov; michael.houts@msfc.nasa.gov; poston@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-919-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 504 BP 1192 EP 1201 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP88C UT WOS:000086475500193 ER PT S AU Poston, DI Voit, SL Reid, RS Ring, PJ AF Poston, DI Voit, SL Reid, RS Ring, PJ BE ElGenk, MS TI The Heatpipe Power System (HPS) for Mars outpost and manned Mars missions SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) CY JAN 30-FEB 03, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin Corp, NASA, US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Almos Natl Lab, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Div Heat Transfer & Energy Convers, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl Sect, Amer inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Local Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Nucl Engn, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers Inc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Int Astronaut Federat, NASA, Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, New Mexico Space grant Consortium AB Interest continues to increase in using fission reactors to power robotic missions to Mars within the next decade, as well as manned missions in the future. This paper evaluates the use of the Heatpipe Power System (HPS) for these missions (the paper focuses on the reactor core, and does not significantly evaluate power conversion and shielding possibilities). The HPS is a safe, simple reactor that is designed to have a low development time and cost. Previously, most HPS designs have used refractory metals to allow high-temperature operation (for increased power conversion efficiency) and higher thermal conductivity. For use on Mars, a stainless-steer or super-alloy system may be required in order to avoid corrosion. As a result, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has begun a program to evaluate and test a stainless-steel HPS core. This paper will describe some analysis of potential non-refractory PIPS designs, as well as work that is currently underway to build a full-scale unfueled HPS core. Resistance heated testing will be used to evaluate the thermal performance of the core under a wide variety of conditions; including the simulated Martian atmosphere. Analytical and experimental results thus far indicate that the HPS is very well suited for Martian applications. A near-term, low-cost, low-risk design is proposed for a Mars Outpost application that could provide 40 kWt, and thus 2 kWe with 5% efficient thermoelectrics. A higher power core, 350 kWt, is proposed as a potential surface power source for a manned Mars mission that could provide up to 100 kWe, depending on the efficiency of the power conversion system. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-K551, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-919-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 504 BP 1327 EP 1334 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP88C UT WOS:000086475500213 ER PT S AU Lenard, RX Houts, M AF Lenard, RX Houts, M BE ElGenk, MS TI Technology needs for asteroid and comet trajectory deflection of a Tunguska-sized object using fission propulsion SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) CY JAN 30-FEB 03, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin Corp, NASA, US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Almos Natl Lab, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Div Heat Transfer & Energy Convers, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl Sect, Amer inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Local Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Nucl Engn, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers Inc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Int Astronaut Federat, NASA, Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, New Mexico Space grant Consortium AB Recent studies of Near Earth Object Interceptions (DOC, 1993) have shown that impact of the Earth by a civilization-killing sized asteroid are rare. However, some have publicly stated that impact of the Earth by a smaller asteroid, similar to 100m diameter, such as the one impacting near Tunguska, Siberia, in 1908, occur approximately twice per century (Young, 1999). While such objects will not necessarily result in widespread societal dislocations, such objects are sufficiently energetic to destroy a very large city, such as Los Angeles or New York. Consequential earthquakes and fault disruptions can result in further damage and loss of life. Displacing the trajectory of a Tunguska-sized asteroid: estimated to be <100m in diameter so that it will convincingly miss the Earth is not a trivial venture. If the asteroid is stony in nature, it composition, it will weigh 70-30 million kg. Depending upon when and where the asteroid is discovered, a velocity increment of similar to 10cm/s is necessary to impart to the asteroid in order for it to convincingly miss the cis-lunar system. The technology requirements for system a system, based on fission propulsion are examined, and a strawman concept is developed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Technol Res, Org 6442, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lenard, RX (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Technol Res, Org 6442, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-919-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 504 BP 1525 EP 1532 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP88C UT WOS:000086475500242 ER PT S AU Friedel, RHW Reeves, G Belian, D Cayton, T Mouikis, C Korth, A Blake, B Fennell, J Selesnick, R Baker, D Onsager, T Kanekal, S AF Friedel, RHW Reeves, G Belian, D Cayton, T Mouikis, C Korth, A Blake, B Fennell, J Selesnick, R Baker, D Onsager, T Kanekal, S BE Rostoker, G TI A multi-spacecraft synthesis of relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere using LANL, GOES, GPS, SAMPEX, HEO and polar SO SPACE WEATHER: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 5 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D Held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Comm Space Res, Sci Comm Solar Terr Phys, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID RADIATION BELT; PARTICLE; SOLAR AB One of the Brussels Radiation Belt Workshop recommendations was the establishment of a near-real-time data driven model of the inner magnetospheric energetic particle population (L < 8). Although the "ideal" missions and data sets for such a model do not exist at present, more spacecraft than ever before are currently sampling the inner magnetosphere. We attempt here in a case study of the January 10, 1997 magnetic cloud event to construct such a model with the energetic electron data available from 5 geosynchronous and 5 elliptically orbiting satellites. We examine the constraints and difficulties of putting together a large number of datasets which are measured near-simultaneously at very different locations in the inner magnetosphere. First results indicate that we can achieve a time resolution of about 3 hours for a given "snapshot" of the inner magnetosphere, and that large azimuthal asymmetries of the energetic electron population can be observed during large storms. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Aerospace Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. LASP, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, SEC, Boulder, CO USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Friedel, RHW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)01031-5 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP89M UT WOS:000086534000013 ER PT S AU Vacaresse, A Boscher, D Bourdarie, S Korth, A Friedel, R AF Vacaresse, A Boscher, D Bourdarie, S Korth, A Friedel, R BE Rostoker, G TI Correlations between measurements and numerical simulation results for ring current protons SO SPACE WEATHER: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 5 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D Held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Comm Space Res, Sci Comm Solar Terr Phys, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID MODEL AB ONERA-CERT Spatial Environment Department has developed a physical simulation of the radiation belts dynamics for known magnetospheric conditions called the Salammbo codes. Part of the problem now is concentrated on a good description of the occurrence of these magnetospheric conditions taking into account solar and magnetic variability. Because of several practical and scientific reasons that we will state in the text, we have paid particular attention to the global geomagnetic index Kp through a series of linear correlations with CRRES inflight measurements of proton fluxes in order to find a possible simple description of storm phenomena. As well, linear correlations between CRRES proton flux measurements (61 keV, 129 keV and 292 keV) and Salammbo 2D results have been made in order to validate the code and to understand the influence of the Kp index that is used as an input parameter in this numerical code. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ONERA, CERT, DESP, F-31055 Toulouse 04, France. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vacaresse, A (reprint author), ONERA, CERT, DESP, 2 Ave Edouard Belin,BP4025, F-31055 Toulouse 04, France. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)01045-5 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP89M UT WOS:000086534000027 ER PT S AU Schaub, H Alfriend, KT AF Schaub, H Alfriend, KT BE Kluever, CA Neta, B Hall, CD Hanson, JM TI Impulsive spacecraft formation flying control to establish specific mean orbit elements SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2000, VOL 105, PTS I AND II SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 10th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 23-26, 2000 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB An impulsive control scheme is developed to establish specific relative orbits for spacecraft formation flying. The relative orbit tracking errors are expressed in terms of mean orbit elements. The control scheme, based on Gauss' variational equations of motion, allows specific orbit elements or orbit element sets to be controlled with minimal impact on the remaining osculating orbit elements. This is advantageous when J(2) invariant orbits are to be controlled. where only the argument of perigee and mean anomaly will drift apart at equal and opposite rates. The control scheme allows only these two parameters to be corrected without affecting the other four orbit elements. Formulas are developed providing accurate estimates of the sensitivities of the mean semi-major axis and mean eccentricity with respect to the osculating inclination angle. With these sensitivities, the tracking error in semi-major axis, eccentricity and inclination angle can be cancelled within one orbit. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schaub, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-470-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 105 BP 207 EP 220 PN 1&2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ99H UT WOS:000165304900013 ER PT S AU Weier, HUG Smida, J Zitzelsberger, HF Lersch, RA Hung, J Hsieh, HP Salassidis, K McNamara, G Pedersen, RA Fung, J AF Weier, HUG Smida, J Zitzelsberger, HF Lersch, RA Hung, J Hsieh, HP Salassidis, K McNamara, G Pedersen, RA Fung, J BE Bearman, GH Cabib, D Levenson, RM TI Cytogenetic analysis of interphase cells using Spectral Imaging [SIm] technology SO SPECTRAL IMAGING: INSTRUMENTATION, APPLICATIONS, AND ANALYSIS SE PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Spectral Imaging - Instrumentation, Applications, and Analysis CY JAN 25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE hybridization; interphase cells; multicolor detection; DNA probes; cDNA probes; spectral imaging ID INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN-CHROMOSOMES; DNA-SEQUENCES; HUMAN OOCYTES; MATERNAL AGE; CARCINOMAS AB Spectral Imaging (SIm) has dramatically improved our ability to localize and quantitatively analyze multiple nucleic acid targets such as chromosomes, genes and gene transcripts. Studies on metaphase cells such as 'Spectral Karyotyping (SKY)' are less complicated than interphase cell studies because the objects (chromosomes) are spatially separated and ratio-labeled probes can be used to uniquely stain each chromosome type. Our research, however, targets the extensive cytogenetic and phenotypic analysis of interphase cells. The complex organization of interphase chromatin and co-localization of gene transcripts (RNAs) in nuclear or cytoplasmic domains requires unique fluorochrome-labeling for each nucleic acid target. An increasing number of commercially available dyes for probe labeling and software to deconvolute partially overlapping emission spectra has helped to overcome most of these obstacles. This presentation summarizes our experience in analyzing numerical and structural alterations in various human cell types (leukocytes, amniocytes, blastomeres or solid tissue) as well as our approach to multi-gene expression profiling using Sim. Examples illustrate a wide spectrum of groundbreaking techniques for interphase cell analysis. We demonstrate how ten or more chromosomes can be scored in interphase nuclei or the relative level of expression of different transforming RNAs in tumor cells can be measured by SIm. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Subcellular Struct, Life Sci Div 74 157, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weier, HUG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Subcellular Struct, Life Sci Div 74 157, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ugweier@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 1017-2661 BN 0-8194-3536-8 J9 PROG BIOM O PY 2000 VL 1 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.379585 PG 10 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BP87U UT WOS:000086469300009 ER PT S AU Lee, TC AF Lee, TC BE Merrill, AH Hannun, YA TI N-acetylation of sphingosine by platelet-activating factor: Sphingosine transacetylase SO SPHINGOLIPID METABOLISM AND CELL SIGNALING, PT A SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review ID COA-INDEPENDENT TRANSACETYLASE; HL-60 CELLS; FACTOR PAF; ACETYLHYDROLASE; ANALOGS C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Basic & Appl Res Unit, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, TC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Basic & Appl Res Unit, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL52492] NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182212-5 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2000 VL 311 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BP55U UT WOS:000085491100013 PM 10563316 ER PT B AU Hall, AC Economy, J AF Hall, AC Economy, J BE Rohatgi, PK TI A new discontinuously reinforced aluminum MMC: Al+AlB2 flakes SO STATE OF THE ART IN CAST METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES IN THE NEXT MILLENIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on State of the Art in Cast Metal Matrix Composites in the Next Millenium at the 2000 TMS Fall Meeting CY 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID RATIO AIB(2) FLAKES AB Development of a novel metal matrix composite based on the AI-B alloy system has been undertaken. Preparation of this discontinuously reinforced material is based on the precipitation of high aspect ratio AlB2 from an Al-B alloy. This paper describes a number of efforts focused on preparing high volume fractions (>30v%) of AlB2 in aluminum. New insights into the behavior of the Al-B alloys system allowed this effort to be successful. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hall, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0340, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-449-6 PY 2000 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BR72V UT WOS:000167336200024 ER PT J AU Schoeler, A Bleck, W Link, R AF Schoeler, A Bleck, W Link, R TI Quasi-in-situ observations of the sintering behaviour of molybdenum-alloyed sintered steels SO STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The sintering behaviour of molybdenum pre-alloyed sintered steels was investigated. A scanning electron microscope with a hot stage attachment was used, enabling quasi-in-situ observations of the sintering process. The material MSP 1.5Mo (Fe-1,5% Mo) sinters in the austenitic phase, while MSP 3.5Mo (Fe-3.5% Mo) sinters completely in the ferritic phase, due to the increased molybdenum mass content. The significantly higher self-diffusion coefficient of iron in the ferritic phase leads to the accelerated sintering of MSP 3.5Mo, compared to MSP 1.5Mo. The effect on the sintering behaviour by adding the alloying elements chromium and phosphorus was also studied. While phosphorus accelerates sintering processes, chromium decreases the sintering rate. A pronounced shrinkage during non isothermal heating, due to cooperative particle movement, was detected for both sintered steels. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Eisenhuttenkunde, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. QMP Met Powes GMBH, Moenchengladbach, Germany. RP Schoeler, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG STAHLEISEN MBH PI DUSSELDORF PA SOHNSTRABE 65, D-40237 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0177-4832 J9 STEEL RES JI Steel Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 51 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 311ZU UT WOS:000086917900008 ER PT S AU Rasmussen, KO Cai, D Bishop, AR Gronbech-Jensen, N AF Rasmussen, KO Cai, D Bishop, AR Gronbech-Jensen, N BE Broomhead, DS Luchinskaya, EA McClintock, PVE Mullin, T TI Nonlinear localization in a disordered system SO STOCHASTIC AND CHAOTIC DYNAMICS IN THE LAKES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stochastic and Chaotic Dynamics in the Lakes CY AUG, 1999 CL AMBLESIDE, ENGLAND ID SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; DISCRETE; STABILITY; LATTICES AB The interplay between nonlinearity and disorder is studied in a discrete one-dimensional Schrodinger system. Using a two paint correlation function we demonstrate that the preferred state of the system comprises narrow intrinsic localized states corresponding to the intrinsic localized states of the ordered system. The essence of the interplay between disorder and nonlinearity is found to reside in the nucleation process of the localized states. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rasmussen, KO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-915-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 502 BP 538 EP 543 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Mathematics; Physics GA BP75Z UT WOS:000086079200075 ER PT B AU Emery, VJ Kivelson, SA AF Emery, VJ Kivelson, SA BE Bianconi, A Saini, NL TI Microscopic theory of high-temperature superconductivity SO STRIPES AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE SELECTED TOPICS IN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Stripes and High Tc Superconductivity CY JUN 02-06, 1998 CL ROME, ITALY ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; NORMAL-STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PHASE; ANISOTROPY; PSEUDOGAP; DYNAMICS; CHARGE; MODEL AB It is argued that the BCS many-body theory, which is outstandingly successful for conventional superconductors, does not apply to the high-temperature superconductors and that a realistic theory must take account of the local electronic structure (stripes). The spin-gap proximity effect is a mechanism by which the charge carriers on the stripes and the spins in the intervening regions acquire a spin gap at a relatively high temperature with only strong repulsive interactions. Superconducting phase order is achieved at a lower temperature determined by the (relatively low) superfluid density of the doped insulator. This picture is consistent with the phenomenology of the high-temperature superconductors. It is shown that, in momentum space, the spin gap first arises in the neighborhood of the points (0, +/-pi) and (+/-pi, 0), and then spreads along arcs of the Fermi surface. Some of the experimental consequences of this picture are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Emery, VJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 17 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46419-5 J9 SEL TOP SUPERCOND PY 2000 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR65A UT WOS:000167093900008 ER PT B AU Hammel, PC Suh, BJ Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z AF Hammel, PC Suh, BJ Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z BE Bianconi, A Saini, NL TI Mobile antiphase domains in lightly doped lanthanum cuprate SO STRIPES AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE SELECTED TOPICS IN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Stripes and High Tc Superconductivity CY JUN 02-06, 1998 CL ROME, ITALY ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-J MODEL; PHASE-SEPARATION; CHARGE STRIPES; HUBBARD-MODEL; INCOMMENSURATE; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; FLUCTUATIONS; LA2-XSRXCUO4; ORIGIN AB Light hole doping of lanthanum cuprate strongly suppresses the onset of antiferromagnetic (AF) order. Surprisingly, it simultaneously suppresses the extrapolated zero temperature sublattice magnetization. La-139 NQR results in lightly doped La2Cu1-xLixO4 demonstrate that these effects are independent of the details of the mobility of the added holes. We propose a model in which doped holes phase separate into charged domain walls that surround "antiphase" domains. These domains are mobile down to similar to 30 K, at which point they either become pinned to the lattice or evaporate as their constituent holes become pinned to dopant impurities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hammel, PC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46419-5 J9 SEL TOP SUPERCOND PY 2000 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR65A UT WOS:000167093900035 ER PT B AU Mook, HA Dogan, F Chakoumakos, BC AF Mook, HA Dogan, F Chakoumakos, BC BE Bianconi, A Saini, NL TI Magnetic and charge fluctuations in High-T-c superconductors SO STRIPES AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE SELECTED TOPICS IN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Stripes and High Tc Superconductivity CY JUN 02-06, 1998 CL ROME, ITALY ID YBA2CU3O6.6 AB Neutron scattering has been used to study the spin fluctuations in the YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 materials. Evidence is found for both incommensurate fluctuations and a commensurate resonance excitation Measurements on the lattice dynamics for YBa2Cu3O6.6 show incommensurate structure that appears to stem from charge fluctuations that are associated with the spin fluctuations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mook, HA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46419-5 J9 SEL TOP SUPERCOND PY 2000 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR65A UT WOS:000167093900038 ER PT B AU Balatsky, AV Movshovich, R AF Balatsky, AV Movshovich, R BE Bianconi, A Saini, NL TI Marginal stability of d-wave superconductor: Spontaneous P and T violation in the presence of magnetic impurities SO STRIPES AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE SELECTED TOPICS IN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Stripes and High Tc Superconductivity CY JUN 02-06, 1998 CL ROME, ITALY ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TIME-REVERSAL AB We argue that the d(x2-y2)-wave superconductor is marginally stable in the presence of external perturbations. Subjected to the external perturbations by magnetic impurities, it develops a secondary component of the gap, complex d(xy), to maximize the coupling to impurities and lower the total energy. The secondary d(xy) component exists at high temperatures and produces the full gap similar to 20 K in the single particle spectrum around each impurity apart from impurity-induced broadening. At low temperatures, the phase-ordering transition into global d(x2-y2) + id(xy) state occurs. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balatsky, AV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46419-5 J9 SEL TOP SUPERCOND PY 2000 BP 343 EP 347 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR65A UT WOS:000167093900042 ER PT B AU Sohn, H Fugate, ML Farrar, CR AF Sohn, H Fugate, ML Farrar, CR BE Ferguson, NS Wolfe, HF Ferman, MA Rizzi, SA TI Damage diagnosis using statistical process control SO STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS: RECENT ADVANCES, VOLS 1 & 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Structural Dynamics CY JUL 24-27, 2000 CL UNIV SOUTHAMPTON, INST SOUND & VIBRAT RES, SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND SP USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, UASF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Parks Coll,Engn & Aviat, St Louis Univ, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Struct Acoust Branch HO UNIV SOUTHAMPTON, INST SOUND & VIBRAT RES AB Structural health monitoring is described in the context of a statistical process control paradigm. This paper demonstrates the application of various statistical process control techniques such as the Shewhart, the exponentially weighted moving average, and the cumulative sum control charts to vibration-based damage diagnosis. The control limits are first constructed based on the measurements obtained from the initial intact structure. Then, new data are monitored against the control limits. A statistically significant number of outliers outside the control limits indicate a system transition from a healthy state to a damage stare. Environmental and operation conditions, such as temperature change and the magnitude variation of the input forces, are also incorporated into the monitoring process. Blind tests of various damage cases are conducted without prior knowledge of the actual damage scenarios to evaluate the performance of the presented control chart techniques. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST SOUND VIBRATION RESEARCH PI SOUTHAMPTON PA THE UNIVERSITY, SOUTHAMPTON S09 5NH, ENGLAND BN 0-85432-721-5 PY 2000 BP 979 EP 993 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BR55R UT WOS:000166796300073 ER PT S AU Duscher, G Buzcko, R Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST Mullejans, H Ruhle, M AF Duscher, G Buzcko, R Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST Mullejans, H Ruhle, M BE Buchanan, DA Edwards, AH VonBardeleben, HJ Hattori, T TI Microscopic and theoretical investigations of the Si-SiO2 interface SO STRUCTURE AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF ULTRATHIN DIELECTRIC FILMS ON SILICON AND RELATED STRUCTURES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Structure and Electronic Properties of Ultrathin Dielectric Films on Silicon and Related Structures at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; OXIDE AB Z-contrast imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy with a spatial resolution at the atomic scale provide evidence of an atomically abrupt Si-SiO2 interface. Th micrographs revealed no indication for an interface layer of crystalline oxide at this thermally grown interface. Theoretical ab-initio calculations of two different interface structures showed that even in the most ideal interface the local density of states extends into the region of the oxide band gap. The O-K energy-loss near-edge structure was simulated for both interface models. The comparison of theoretical and experimental results of the O-K near-edge structure agreed and showed that states below the conduction hand of the oxide are caused by the dimer-like Si-O-Si bridges present in all structural models. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Duscher, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-500-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 592 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR35U UT WOS:000166183800002 ER PT S AU Buczko, R Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST AF Buczko, R Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST BE Buchanan, DA Edwards, AH VonBardeleben, HJ Hattori, T TI Atomic-scale structure of the Si-SiO2 and SiC-SiO2 interfaces and the origin of their contrasting properties SO STRUCTURE AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF ULTRATHIN DIELECTRIC FILMS ON SILICON AND RELATED STRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Structure and Electronic Properties of Ultrathin Dielectric Films on Silicon and Related Structures at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID FIRST-PRINCIPLES; OXYGEN PRECIPITATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; SI(100) SURFACES; SILICON; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; OXIDE; MECHANISMS AB One of the reasons for the dominance of Si in microelectronics is the quality of the Si-SiO2 interface. In contrast, development of SiC-based MOSFETs for power applications is hampered primarily by poor carrier mobility at the SiC-SiO2 interface. Here we review recent calculations that elucidate the reasons of the contrasting properties of the two interfaces. In the case of Si, the interface energy is in fact lower when the interface is abrupt and smooth because of the intrinisic geometry of the Si (001) surface and the softness of the Si-O-Si angle. However, two energetically degenerate phases are possible, leading to domain boundaries, that are the cause of suboxide bonds, steps, and dangling bonds. In principle, these effects may be avoidable by low-temperature deposition. In contrast, the geometry and bond lengths of SiC surfaces are not suitable for abrupt and smooth interfaces, requiring the existence of a nonstoichiometric interlayer that may be the cause of the reduced mobility. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Buczko, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-500-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 592 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR35U UT WOS:000166183800035 ER PT S AU Myneni, SCB AF Myneni, SCB BE Alpers, CN Jambor, JL TI X-ray and vibrational spectroscopy of sulfate in earth materials SO SULFATE MINERALS - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review ID SULFUR-K-EDGE; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; TUNICATE ASCIDIA-CERATODES; WATER-LIGAND REPLACEMENT; PHASE INFRARED-SPECTRA; OUTER-SPHERE COMPLEXES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Myneni, SCB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 171 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 24 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-52-9 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2000 VL 40 BP 113 EP 172 DI 10.2138/rmg.2000.40.2 PG 60 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BS32B UT WOS:000169436900002 ER PT B AU Pint, BA Haynes, JA More, KL Wright, IG Leyens, C AF Pint, BA Haynes, JA More, KL Wright, IG Leyens, C BE Pollock, TM Kissinger, RD Bowman, RR Green, KA McLean, M Olson, SL Schirra, JJ TI Compositional effects on aluminide oxidation performance: Objectives for improved bond coats SO SUPERALLOYS 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Superalloys CY SEP 17-21, 2000 CL CHAMPION, PA SP TMS Seven Springs Int Symp Comm, TMS High Temp Alloys Comm, ASM Int ID SCALE ADHESION; HOT-CORROSION; BEHAVIOR; SEGREGATION; ALPHA-AL2O3; NI; RESISTANCE; SULFUR; GROWTH; SUPERALLOYS AB In order to achieve long thermal barrier coating lifetimes, underlying metallic bond coats need to form adherent, slow-growing Al(2)O(3) layers. A set of guidelines for developing aluminide bond coat compositions is proposed in order to maximize oxidation performance, i.e. forming a slow-growing adherent alumina scale. These criteria are based on results from cast, model alloy compositions and coatings made in a laboratory scale chemical vapor deposition facility. Aluminide coatings are thought to have more long-range potential because of their lower coefficient of thermal expansion compared to MCrAlYs. The role of Pt in improving alumina scale adhesion and countering the detrimental role of indigenous sulfur is discussed. However, the improvements associated with Pt are minimal compared to reactive element doping. One strategy which has great promise for improvement is to incorporate Hf into the coating. From an oxidation standpoint, this would preclude the need for Pt in the coating and also reduce the scale growth rate. While excellent oxidation performance was observed for cast Hf-doped NiAl, its benefits can be compromised and even eliminated by co-doping with elements such as Cr, Ti, Ta and Re. Creating a pure Hf-doped NiAl is one promising approach for improving the oxidation performance of bond coats. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 41 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-477-1 PY 2000 BP 629 EP 638 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR29P UT WOS:000166051500068 ER PT S AU Henager, CH Vetrano, JS Gertsman, VY Bruemmer, SM AF Henager, CH Vetrano, JS Gertsman, VY Bruemmer, SM BE Berbon, PB Berbon, MZ Sakuma, T Langdon, TG TI Effect of Sn additions on superplasticity in Al-Mg-Mn-Sc alloys SO SUPERPLASTICITY-CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE POTENTIAL SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Superplasticity-Current Status and Future Potential held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USA, Off Res, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Identical Al-Mg-Mn-Sc alloys without and with 0.034-wt% Sn additions were fabricated, heat-treated, and tensile tested in a fine-grain (d < 6 mu m) condition at four strain rates from 10(-2) to 10(-4) s(-1) and at temperatures from 723K to 823K. Alloys with Sn additions exhibited reduced failure strains at 723K but higher failure strains at 823K for the slowest strain rates. The effect of Sn on flow stress, activation energy for flow stress, and strain rate exponent was explored and was found to be small. The main effect of Sn was suggested to be in reducing cavitation by allowing a redistribution of stress at critical hetero-junctions in the alloys. C1 Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Henager, CH (reprint author), Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-509-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 601 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ35C UT WOS:000088094300004 ER PT S AU Wadsworth, J Nieh, TG AF Wadsworth, J Nieh, TG BE Berbon, PB Berbon, MZ Sakuma, T Langdon, TG TI Newtonian flow in bulk amorphous alloys SO SUPERPLASTICITY-CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE POTENTIAL SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Superplasticity-Current Status and Future Potential held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USA, Off Res, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID ZR65AL10NI10CU15 METALLIC-GLASS; SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RELAXATION; CREEP AB Bulk amorphous alloys have many unique properties, e.g., superior strength and hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, reduced sliding friction and improved wear resistance, and easy formability in a viscous state. These properties, and particularly easy formability, are expected to lead to applications in the fields of near-net-shape fabrication of structural components. Whereas large tensile ductility has generally been observed in the supercooled liquid region in metallic glasses, the exact deformation mechanism, and in particular whether such alloys deform by Newtonian viscous flow, remains a controversial issue. In this paper, existing data are analyzed and an interpretation for the apparent controversy is offered. In addition, new results obtained from an amorphous alloy (composition: Zr-10Al-5Ti-17.9Cu-14.6Ni. in at. %) are presented. Structural evolution during plastic deformation is particularly characterized. It is suggested that the appearance of non-Newtonian behavior is a result of the concurrent crystallization of the amorphous structure during deformation. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wadsworth, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-350,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-509-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 601 BP 141 EP 151 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ35C UT WOS:000088094300020 ER PT S AU Vetrano, JS Henager, CH Simonen, EP AF Vetrano, JS Henager, CH Simonen, EP BE Berbon, PB Berbon, MZ Sakuma, T Langdon, TG TI Role of vacancies and solute atoms on grain boundary sliding SO SUPERPLASTICITY-CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE POTENTIAL SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Superplasticity-Current Status and Future Potential held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USA, Off Res, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SUPERPLASTICITY; SEGREGATION; INTERFACES; ALLOY AB It is necessary for grain boundary dislocations to slide and climb during the grain boundary sliding process that dominates fine-grained superplastic deformation. The process of climb requires either an influx of vacancies to the grain boundary plane or a local generation of vacancies. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of grain boundaries in superplastically deformed Al-Mg-Mn alloys quenched under load from the deformation temperature have revealed the presence of nano-scale cavities resulting from a localized supersaturation of vacancies at the grain boundary. Compositional measurements along interfaces have also shown an effect of solute atoms on the local structure. This is shown to result from a coupling of vacancy and solute atom flows during deformation and quenching. Calculations of the localized vacancy concentration indicate that the supersaturation along the grain boundary can be as much as a factor often. The effects of the local supersaturation and solute atom movement on deformation rates and cavity nucleation and growth will be discussed. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vetrano, JS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-509-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 601 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ35C UT WOS:000088094300023 ER PT J AU Ahrenkiel, RK Keyes, BM Johnston, S AF Ahrenkiel, RK Keyes, BM Johnston, S TI Injection level lifetime spectroscopy of impurities in semiconductors SO SURFACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME; TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; INTERFACE RECOMBINATION; SILICON; HETEROSTRUCTURES; COEFFICIENTS; SURFACES; INP AB The identification of semiconductor defects is a major task in photovoltaic and most solid state electronic technologies. A variety of techniques are used in materials analysis and many have been extensively described in the literature. Especially desirable are non-contact techniques that ale sensitive to impurities in metals. Photoluminescence spectroscopy comes close to meeting this Meed, however it usually requires cryogenic cooling of the test specimen. The present authors have found that techniques based on measurement of recombination lifetime over a wide range of injection levels can be powerful and sensitive for materials characterisation. Not only is recombination lifetime sensitive to chemical and structural defects, but when a single defect dominates the recombination process that defect can be identified by observing the details of excess carrier decay over several orders of magnitude. This method of defect characterisation and identification will be the focus of this paper. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 0267-0844 J9 SURFACE ENG JI Surf. Eng. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1179/026708400322911537 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 305KL UT WOS:000086538900009 ER PT B AU McHugo, SA Flink, C Mohammed, A Thompson, AC Lai, B AF McHugo, SA Flink, C Mohammed, A Thompson, AC Lai, B BE Seal, S Dahotre, NB Moore, JJ Mishra, B TI Elemental and chemical identification of NM-scale metal precipitates in silicon using synchrotron-based x-rays SO SURFACE ENGINEERING: IN MATERIALS SCIENCE I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface Engineering in Materials Science I held at the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Surface Modificat & Coatings Technol Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div ID CZOCHRALSKI-GROWN SILICON; MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; SIO2-SI INTERFACE; FE IMPURITIES; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; IRON; CONTAMINATION; DEFECTS AB Metal impurity precipitates in silicon were studied with a focus on the ability to retain or remove metal impurities away from the active device region of integrated circuits and solar cells. With x-ray absorption spectromicroscopy, we have characterized the chemical state of nm-scale Cu and Fe impurity precipitates in silicon. Furthermore, with x-ray fluorescence microscopy, we have studied the dissolution rate of metal precipitates in silicon as a function of thermal treatment. Based on our results, we present theoretical analysis of metal precipitate stability in silicon and discuss the feasibility of metal contamination of device regions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-471-2 PY 2000 BP 243 EP 253 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ43C UT WOS:000088356800023 ER PT J AU Chambers, SA AF Chambers, SA TI Epitaxial growth and properties of thin film oxides SO SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; RAY PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; ULTRATHIN MGO FILMS; DOPED TIO2 FILMS; FE3O4 FILMS; TIO2(110) SURFACE; RUTHERFORD BACKSCATTERING AB Oxide film growth by molecular beam epitaxy for the purpose of preparing metal oxides for surface science studies is discussed and reviewed. Critical issues such as the choice of oxidizing gas, the selection of substrates, crystal symmetry and lattice match, interface chemistry, and the relationship of these issues to the materials science of oxide-on-metal and oxide-on-oxide film growth are discussed. Recent work on the growth of select, representative oxides that span the ranges of crystal structure, metal oxidation state, and stoichiometry is reviewed and used to illustrate the basic materials science. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chambers, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 205 TC 421 Z9 423 U1 20 U2 265 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5729 J9 SURF SCI REP JI Surf. Sci. Rep. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 5-6 BP 105 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0167-5729(00)00005-4 PG 76 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 344EP UT WOS:000088744900001 ER PT J AU Zschiesche, D Papazoglou, P Schramm, S Beckmann, C Schaffner-Bielich, J Stocker, H Greiner, W AF Zschiesche, D Papazoglou, P Schramm, S Beckmann, C Schaffner-Bielich, J Stocker, H Greiner, W TI Chiral symmetries in nuclear physics SO SYMMETRIES IN INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS SE SPRINGER TRACTS IN MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID RELATIVISTIC MEAN-FIELD; SIGMA-OMEGA MODEL; FINITE NUCLEI; BROKEN SCALE; MATTER; MESON; PHENOMENOLOGY; SCATTERING; PARTICLES AB The theoretical concepts of a chirally symmetric meson field theory are reviewed and an overview of the most relevant applications in nuclear physics is given. This includes a unified description of the vacuum properties of hadrons, finite nuclei and hot, dense and strange nuclear matter in an extended chiral SU(3)(L) x SU(3)(R) sigma-omega model. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. GSI Darmstadt, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zschiesche, D (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Postfach 11 19 32, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-3869 J9 SPRINGER TR MOD PHYS PY 2000 VL 163 BP 129 EP 167 DI 10.1007/BFb0109650 PG 39 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ58T UT WOS:000088873400006 ER PT S AU Hsiung, YB AF Hsiung, YB BE Guo, XH Thomas, AW Williams, AG TI Latest experimental information on epsilon '/epsilon SO SYMMETRIES IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics (SYMM 2000) CY MAR 13-17, 2000 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP IUPAP, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Natl Inst Theoret Phys ID DIRECT CP VIOLATION; NEUTRAL-KAON SYSTEM; DECAYS AB We review the latest experimental results in searching for "direct" CP-violation by measuring the CP-violating parameters Re(epsilon'/epsilon) in neutral kaon decays. Recent result from Fermilab-KTeV Re(epsilon'/epsilon) = (28.0 +/- 4.1) x 10(-4), and new preliminary result from CERN-NA48 Re(epsilon'/epsilon) = (14.0 +/- 4.3) x 10(-4), are presented. Both experiments, though using very different techniques, have now performed very well by collecting millions of events for all four relevant decay modes of K-L,K-S to pi (+)pi (-) and pi (0)pi (0) simultaneously. The current world average on this important measurement is Re(epsilon'/epsilon) = (19.3 +/- 2.4) x 10(-4) with a chi (2)/ndf = 11.1/5, establishing the existence of "direct" CP-violation. The experimental status of such crucial measurements and the future prospects are also discussed here. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM hsiung@fnal.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-964-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 539 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR18K UT WOS:000165808700001 ER PT S AU Muller, D AF Muller, D BE Guo, XH Thomas, AW Williams, AG TI Precision tests of the standard model at electron colliders SO SYMMETRIES IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics (SYMM 2000) CY MAR 13-17, 2000 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP IUPAP, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Natl Inst Theoret Phys AB We review electroweak physics studies in high-energy e(+)e(-) collisions at CERN and SLAG. Studies of couplings of the Z(0) boson to many of the fundmental fermions are now quite detailed, and those of the W+/- bosons are well under way. Sensitivity to radiative corrections due to the massive top quark, the as yet undiscovered Higgs boson, and new physics at the TeV scale has been achieved. The Standard Model is consistent with all data, although further studies are indicated in several areas. In the absence of new physics, the Higgs mass is limited to <188 GeV/c(2) at 95% C.L. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Muller, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-964-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 539 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR18K UT WOS:000165808700013 ER PT S AU Abbott, B AF Abbott, B CA BaBar Collaboration BE Guo, XH Thomas, AW Williams, AG TI Latest results from BaBar SO SYMMETRIES IN SUBATOMIC PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics (SYMM 2000) CY MAR 13-17, 2000 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP IUPAP, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Natl Inst Theoret Phys AB The BaBar experiment at SLAG recorded its first collisions on May 26, 1999 and has collected nearly 3.5 fb(-1) by the middle of March 2000. Detector performance studies and preliminary results on physics are presented, emphasizing the components of the analysis on the CP violating parameter sin(2 beta) using B degrees --> J/PsiK(s)(o) decays. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50A-2160, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-964-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 539 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR18K UT WOS:000165808700025 ER PT S AU Anders, S Scholl, A Nolting, F Padmore, HA Luning, J Stohr, J Scheinfein, M AF Anders, S Scholl, A Nolting, F Padmore, HA Luning, J Stohr, J Scheinfein, M BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Photoemission electron microscopy for the study of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID DICHROISM SPECTROMICROSCOPY; INTERFACES; SURFACE; FILMS; MODEL AB Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) is a full field imaging technique where x-ray exited electrons are used to form an image of the sample surface as a function of the x-ray photon energy and polarization. Contrast in PEEM can be due to a number of mechanisms including topographical, work function, elemental, chemical, polarization, x-ray magnetic circular and linear dichroism contrast. This wide range of contrast mechanisms together with the surface sensitivity and high spatial resolution make PEEM a very useful tool for the study of magnetic materials. PEEM-II is a new microscope installed at the bending magnet beamline 7.3.1.1 of the Advanced Light Source. In the present paper we describe the design and features of PEEM-II, and show results of our recent studies. Using PEEM and its elemental specificity, it is possible to investigate the various layers in magnetic multilayer structures independently. The experiments described here include the investigation of the switching behavior of magnetic multilayer structures that are of interest for magnetic RAM applications. The study of antiferromagnetic surfaces and thin films are of great importance for devices based on the effect of exchange bias. To date, studies at high-spatial-resolution of exchange bias systems has been difficult because of the lack of appropriate investigation methods. Here we demonstrate how PEEM has been used to image antiferromagnetic structure on surfaces with high spatial resolution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600002 ER PT S AU Meyer-Ilse, W Johnson, LE Denbeaux, G Bates, W Lucero, A Anderson, EH AF Meyer-Ilse, W Johnson, LE Denbeaux, G Bates, W Lucero, A Anderson, EH BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI The XM-1 high resolution x-ray microscope at the ALS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB The XM-1 x-ray microscope was built to obtain a high throughput of high-resolution transmission images with a wide variety of thick (< 10 micron) samples. Modeled after a "conventional" full-field microscope, the XM-1 makes use of zone plates (ZP) for the condenser and objective elements. We present an overview of the recent activities at XM-1. Over the past year many enhancements have taken place such as the use of more efficient zone plates and the development of a cryogenic sample stage. Moreover, we have been developing the spectromicroscopy capabilities of the microscope to distinguish different element and chemical states within a sample while obtaining high spatial resolution images. We report on these and other advances. Additionally, the microscope has been actively used in many fields including biology, environmental and material science. Some of these recent achievements will be highlighted as well. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meyer-Ilse, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600003 ER PT S AU Ice, GE Chung, JS Larson, BC Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Tamura, N Lowe, W AF Ice, GE Chung, JS Larson, BC Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Tamura, N Lowe, W BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Design and performance of x-ray optics optimized for polycrystalline microdiffraction SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID SYNCHROTRON AB The design considerations are described for a new class of instrumentation optimized for x-ray microdiffraction measurements of polycrystalline samples. A prototype station on the MHATT-Cat beamline 7 at the Advanced Photon Source is used to illustrate the current level of performance of this instrumentation. This station allows for efficient measurements of x-ray microdiffraction from polycrystalline materials with submicron spatial resolution and with strain resolution below 1 part in 10(4). The station utilizes a specially designed monochromator/nondispersive Kirkpatrick-Baez focusing system that allows for rapid oscillation between monochromatic and white beam conditions. This allows the deviatoric and full strain tensors of polycrystalline grains to be rapidly determined. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600004 ER PT S AU Cai, Z Lai, B Yun, W McNulty, I Khounsary, A Maser, J Ilinski, P Legnini, D Trakhtenberg, E Xu, S Tieman, B Wiemerslage, G Gluskin, E AF Cai, Z Lai, B Yun, W McNulty, I Khounsary, A Maser, J Ilinski, P Legnini, D Trakhtenberg, E Xu, S Tieman, B Wiemerslage, G Gluskin, E BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Performance of a high-resolution x-ray microprobe at the advanced photon source SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID ZONE PLATES; MICRODIFFRACTION; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; STRAIN AB We have developed a x-ray microprobe in the energy region from 6 to 20 keV using undulator radiation and zone-plate optics for microfocusing-based techniques and applications at a beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The performance of the beamline was shown to meet our design objectives, including preservation of the source brilliance and coherence, selectable transverse coherence length and energy bandwidth, high angular stability, and harmonic suppression of the beam. These objectives were achieved by careful thermal management and use of a novel mirror and crystal monochromator cooling geometry. All beamline optical components are water cooled, and the x-ray beam in the experiment station is stable in beam intensity, energy, and position over many days with no active feedback. Using a double-crystal Si(111) monochromator, we have obtained a focal spot size (FWHM) of 0.15 mu m (nu) x 1.0 mu m (h), and a photon flux of 4 x 10(9) photons/sec at the focal spot, and thus a photon flux density gain of 15,000. A circular beam spot of 0.15 mu m in diameter can be achieved by reducing the horizontal source size using a white beam slit located 43.5 meters upstream of the zone plate, with an order of magnitude less flux in the focal spot. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cai, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600006 ER PT S AU Johnson, LE Denbeaux, G Meyer-Ilse, W AF Johnson, LE Denbeaux, G Meyer-Ilse, W BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI High spatial resolution x-ray spectroscopy with the XM-1 x-ray microscope SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB The XM-1 x-ray microscope was built to obtain high-resolution transmission images from a wide variety of thick (< 10 micron) samples. Modeled after a "conventional" full-field microscope, XM-1 makes use of zone plates (ZP) for the condenser and objective elements. The XM-1 x-ray microscope has been shown to have a spatial resolution of 36nm by doing a 10%-90% edge scan across a knife edge. Moreover, the condenser ZP and pinhole combination yields good spectral resolution to lambda/Delta lambda of 700, We have shown that with this energy resolution we can distinguish between different elements and some chemical states. We can see spectra with adequate signal to noise even for individual 36nm pixels. With these capabilities, we are beginning work on various experiments in which we will distinguish different chemical species of specific elements within a sample. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnson, LE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600007 ER PT S AU Miller, LM Carr, GL Williams, GP Sullivan, M Chance, MR AF Miller, LM Carr, GL Williams, GP Sullivan, M Chance, MR BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Biological infrared microspectroscopy at the National Synchrotron Light Source SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; PROTEINS; SPECTRA AB Beamline U2B at the National Synchrotron Light Source has been designed and built as an infrared beamline dedicated to the study of biomedical problems. In 1997, the horizontal and vertical acceptances of Beamline U2B were increased in order to increase the overall flux of the beamline. A wedged, CVD diamond window separates the UHV vacuum of the VUV ring from the rough vacuum of the beamline. The endstation consists of a Nicolet Magna 860 step-scan FTIR and a NicPlan infrared microscope. The spectrometer is equipped with beamsplitter/detector combinations that permit data collection in the mid- and far-infrared regions. We have also made provisions for mounting an external detector (e.g. bolometer) for far infrared microspectroscopy. Thus far, Beamline U2B has been used to (1) perform chemical imaging of bone tissue and brain cells to address issues related to bone disease and epilepsy, respectively, and (2) examine time-resolved protein structure in the sub-millisecond folding of cytochrome c. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600009 ER PT S AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Lee, SH Chang, C Attwood, D Bokor, J AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Lee, SH Chang, C Attwood, D Bokor, J BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI The EUV phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; AT-WAVELENGTH INTERFEROMETRY; RADIATION AB The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) was developed and implemented at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to meet the significant measurement challenge of characterizing EUV projection lithography optics. The PS/PDI has been in continuous use and under ongoing development since 1996. Here we describe recent improvements made to the interferometer, and we summarize metrology results from state-of-the-art 10x-reduction EUV projection optics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600012 ER PT S AU Johnson, PD Valla, T Fedorov, A Reisfeld, G Hulbert, SL AF Johnson, PD Valla, T Fedorov, A Reisfeld, G Hulbert, SL BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI High-resolution photoemission studies of complex materials SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; ELECTRON; SURFACE; ENERGY AB Recent instrumentation developments in photoemission are providing new insights into the physics of complex materials. With increased energy and momentum resolution, it has become possible to examine in detail different contributions to the self-energy or inverse lifetime of the photohole created in the photoexcitation process. Employing momentum distribution and energy distribution curves, a detailed study of the optimally doped cuprate, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, shows that the material behaves like a non-Fermi liquid with no evidence for the quasi-particles characteristic of a Fermi liquid. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Johnson, PD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600013 ER PT S AU Wedowski, M Gullikson, EM Underwood, JH Spiller, EA Montcalm, C Kearney, PA Bajt, S Schmidt, MA Folta, JA AF Wedowski, M Gullikson, EM Underwood, JH Spiller, EA Montcalm, C Kearney, PA Bajt, S Schmidt, MA Folta, JA BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Characterization of multilayer reflective coatings for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID RADIOMETRY; BEAMLINE AB The synchrotron-based reflectometer at beamline 6.3.2 of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) in Berkeley is an important metrology tool within the current Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) program. This program is a joint activity of three National Laboratories and a consortium of leading semiconductor manufacturers. Its goal is the development of a technology for routine production of sub-100 nm feature sizes for microelectronic circuits. Multilayer-coated normal-incidence optical surfaces reflecting in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) spectral range near 13 nm are the basis for this emerging technology. All optical components of EUV lithographic steppers need to be characterized at-wavelength during their development and manufacturing process. Multilayer coating uniformity and gradient, accurate wavelength matching and high peak reflectances are the main parameters to be optimized. The mechanical and optical properties of the reflectometer at ALS beamline 6.3.2 proved to be well suited for the needs of the current EUVL program. In particular the facility is highly precise in its wavelength calibration and the determination of absolute EUV reflectance. The reproducibility of results of measurements at ALS beamline 6.3.2 is 0.2 % for reflectivity and 0.002 nm for wavelength. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Informat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wedowski, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Informat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 108 EP 111 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600020 ER PT S AU Underwood, JH AF Underwood, JH BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Monochromators and spectrographs using varied line spacing gratings SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB Varied line spacing (VLS) monochromators are now a standard part of the repertoire of synchrotron radiation. Four are installed at the ALS, one each at BESSY II and LURE, and at least ten in Japan. Many VLS spectrometers have also been constructed. VLS monochromators offer significant advantages over other fixed deviation designs; fixed exit slit, simple scanning motion, built-in demagnification, high spectral resolution, compactness, and a zero order image in focus at the exit slit. These features lead to low cost and user-friendly operation. This paper reviews a particular VLS design and compares its performance with an equivalent SGM. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600022 ER PT S AU Retsch, CC Wang, YX Frigo, SP McNulty, I Lurio, LB Stephenson, GB AF Retsch, CC Wang, YX Frigo, SP McNulty, I Lurio, LB Stephenson, GB BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Effect of focusing optics on x-ray speckle contrast SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS AB We investigated the behavior of speckle contrast and size under various experimental conditions using 1.82 keV x-rays. In this paper, we report the comparison of two different setups for x-ray speckle experiments: one employing a focusing zone plate and one in which a pinhole selects the size of the coherent x-ray beam. We found a strong dependence of the speckle contrast and size on the type of setup. In general, the pinhole setup results in higher contrast but smaller speckle size. On the other hand, the zone plate setup allows one to target much smaller areas of interest in the sample, down to submicron dimensions, and also to adjust the speckle size. We anticipate that these results will be useful in future time-correlation spectroscopy experiments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Retsch, CC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 123 EP 127 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600023 ER PT S AU Kramer, MJ Margulies, L McCallum, RW Zhao, HL Goldman, AI Kycia, S Lee, PL Haeffner, DR AF Kramer, MJ Margulies, L McCallum, RW Zhao, HL Goldman, AI Kycia, S Lee, PL Haeffner, DR BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Time resolved studies of phase transformations using high temperature powder diffraction SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; REFINEMENT; RADIATION AB A high temperature furnace (up to 1500 degrees C) has been designed specifically for use with high-energy synchrotron radiation using Debeye-Scherrer transmission geometry. This allows for full bulk sampling and a low thermal gradient (< 1 degrees C/mm) and a controlled environment (inert to oxidizing). Unlike flat plate geometry, the transmission geometry allows for solid-liquid as well as solid-solid phase transitions to be explored. A comparison between image plate and charged-coupled detector (CCD) system will be discussed. The potential is to collect quantifiable powder patterns under a second. Data collected on the tetragonal to cubic transition in the RhTi systems demonstrate the capabilities for performing quantitative time resolved high temperature powder diffraction. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600026 ER PT S AU Ramotowski, M Johnson, E AF Ramotowski, M Johnson, E BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Automated micromachining at the NSLS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB X14B, the newest beamline at the NSLS, saw its first light early this summer. Designed solely for deep x-ray lithography (DXRL), it is intended for processing large quantities of deep (up to a few mm), but essentially 2D in design, parts. It has an effective scan area of 637cm(2), and a hydraulic scan stage to move that area through the beam. In addition, work is being done at X27B for the development of in-the-round and true 3D lithography. The hydraulic scan stages, filter motors, and sample positioning motors on both beamlines are computer controlled. Scan time and speed are calculated based on beam current, and a beam monitor stops the scan if necessary (due to unexpected beam dump, etc) and re-starts it when appropriate. The user can start a scan to run overnight, and return the next morning to pick up a completed sample. In addition, scan progress can be checked remotely via a web page. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ramotowski, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 147 EP 150 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600027 ER PT S AU Heimann, PA Missalla, T Lindenberg, A Kang, I Johnson, S Chang, Z Kapteyn, HC Lee, RW Falcone, RW Schoenlein, RW Glover, TE Zholents, AA Zolotorev, MS Padmore, HA AF Heimann, PA Missalla, T Lindenberg, A Kang, I Johnson, S Chang, Z Kapteyn, HC Lee, RW Falcone, RW Schoenlein, RW Glover, TE Zholents, AA Zolotorev, MS Padmore, HA BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Time-resolved x-ray photoabsorption and diffraction on timescales from ns to fs SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID STREAK-CAMERA; PULSES AB Beamline 7.3.3 at the Advanced Light Source combines a femtosecond laser system with an xray streak camera. Time-resolved x-ray diffraction with picosecond time resolution is used to observe scattering from coherent acoustic phonons in laser-excited InSb crystals. Synchrotron radiation pulses of similar to 300 fs in duration have been generated by femtosecond laser pulses modulating the electron beam in the Advanced Light Source. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heimann, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 156 EP 160 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600029 ER PT S AU Baur, K Singh, A Wang, J Kerner, J Pianetta, P AF Baur, K Singh, A Wang, J Kerner, J Pianetta, P BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Investigation of Na impurities on Si wafer surfaces using TXRF SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID RESONANT RAMAN-SCATTERING; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; RADIATION AB Synchrotron Radiation from the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) has been used as an excitation source for Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Analysis (TXRF) of Na impurities on Si wafer surfaces. A wafer intentionally contaminated by a droplet containinig 1.4 x 10(14) atoms/cm(2) of sodium and a wafer uniformly contaminated with 4.4 x 10(12) atoms/cm of Na were investigated. The minimum detection limit for this element has been found to be 1.1 x 10(11) atoms/cm(2) for the blanket sample and 3 x 10(11) atoms/cm(2) for the droplet sample. Theoretical considerations show that the detection limit for Na can be further improved by at least a factor of 2 by exploiting the tunability of synchrotron radiation to even lower excitation energies. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Baur, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600030 ER PT S AU Fezzaa, K Lee, WK AF Fezzaa, K Lee, WK BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI X-ray interferometry development at the advanced photon source SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID CONTRAST AB In this paper, we report initial test results of a four-bounce Bragg reflection X-ray interferometer at 7.46 keV and, for the first time to our knowledge, at the higher energy of 14.91 keV where the spectral acceptance is much smaller. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fezzaa, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 167 EP 173 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600031 ER PT S AU Quintana, JPG AF Quintana, JPG BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Uncertainty determination in QXAFS measurements SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID EXAFS MEASUREMENTS; CHAMBERS AB Measured uncertainties in QEXAFS measurements are determined using an oversampling technique. The output of an ionization chamber is read through a current amplifer using a sampling analog to digital converter. By oversampling the data, uncertainties are determined simultaneously with data collection. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, DND, CAT, Synchrotron Res Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Quintana, JPG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, DND, CAT, Synchrotron Res Ctr, Bldg 432-A008,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600036 ER PT S AU Shu, DM Varma, R Krasnicki, S Sinha, S AF Shu, DM Varma, R Krasnicki, S Sinha, S BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Design of a miniature hydraulic compression load frame for microdiffraction tests at the advanced photon source SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB In support of the x-ray synchrotron radiation microdiffraction project of Los Alamos National Laboratory at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), we have designed and fabricated a miniature hydraulic compression load frame with 20000 N load capacity for metal specimen tests at the APS. The compact design allows the load frame to sit on the center of a 6-circle goniometer with six degrees of freedom and maximum solid angle accessibility for the incoming x-ray beam and diffraction beam detectors. A set of compact precision stages with submicron resolution has been designed for the load frame positioning to compensate the sample internal elastic and/or plastic deformation during the loading process. The system design, specifications, and test results are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 198 EP 203 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600037 ER PT S AU McPherson, A Wang, J Lee, PL Mills, DM AF McPherson, A Wang, J Lee, PL Mills, DM BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI A new high-speed x-ray beam chopper SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McPherson, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 204 EP 206 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600038 ER PT S AU Fernandez, PB AF Fernandez, PB BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Pushing high-heat-load optics to the limit SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID X-RAY OPTICS AB A cryogenically cooled silicon monochromator and a water-cooled diamond monochromator have been tested under twice the standard power load conditions at the Advanced Photon Source. Both monochromators performed satisfactorily under these extreme power loads (several hundred watts of incident power and up to 300 W/mm(2) of incident normal peak power density). The experimental data and the parameters derived to predict the performance limits of the cryogenic silicon monochromator are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fernandez, PB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600039 ER PT S AU Kuhn, P Garman, E Soltis, SM AF Kuhn, P Garman, E Soltis, SM BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Limitations in macromolecular crystallography due to radiation damage SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID 5 ANGSTROM-RESOLUTION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; PROTEIN CRYSTALS; ELECTRON AB Intense synchrotron radiation from insertion devices can cause rapid decay of macromolecular crystals. Flash-cooling the sample and holding it at around 100K during the experiment extends the lifetime significantly but often not sufficiently. Radiation damage can severely compromise data quality by changing oxidation states, disrupting covalent bonds or by simply causing the crystal lattice to disintegrate, A significant increase in beam intensity, as accomplished with SPEAR3 and other 3(rd) generation light sources, does not only open new scientific opportunities but also makes the study and understanding of sample decay a pressing requirement. A detailed understanding of the physical processes involved and in particular a delineation of radiation specific and sample specific parameters is needed to, if possible, prolong crystal lifetimes by changing experimental parameters. The present state of our understanding of radiation damage to crystalline samples was discussed at a recent workshop hosted by the ESRF and a summary will be presented. A basic set of experiments will be described, which have been designed to further understand decay. Much of our current knowledge about effects of, for example, crystal surface/volume ratio, sample temperature, cryogen flow rate past the sample, duty cycle of crystal irradiation, and incident Xray wavelength, are anecdotal and initial attempts at a systematic study will be presented. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kuhn, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600040 ER PT S AU Shu, DM Toellner, TS Alp, EE AF Shu, DM Toellner, TS Alp, EE BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Design of a high-resolution high-stability positioning mechanism for crystal optics SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB We present a novel miniature multi-axis driving structure that will allow positioning of two crystals with better than 50-nrad angular resolution and nanometer linear driving sensitivity. The precision and stability of this structure allow the user to align or adjust an assembly of crystals to achieve the same performance as does a single channel-cut crystal, so we call it an "artificial channel-cut crystal." In-this paper, the particular designs and specifications, as well as the test results, for a two-axis driving structure for a high-energy-resolution artificial channel-cut crystal monochromator are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600041 ER PT S AU Assoufid, L Her, P AF Assoufid, L Her, P BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI A simple way of characterizing x-ray downwards-deflecting mirror-bender assemblies using the long trace profiler SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB A simple device composed of a modular double-pentaprism system that enables the long trace profiler (LTP) to measure mirrors in nonconventional ways, i.e., in the vertical-downward and sideways positions, has been devised and implemented in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) long trace profiler (LTP II). The systems is very useful in calibrating mirror-bender assemblies. This paper describes the system and gives results of measurements performed with it on a mirror used at the APS. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Assoufid, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 225 EP 229 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600042 ER PT S AU Chung, KS Bai, JM Sparks, CJ Ice, GE AF Chung, KS Bai, JM Sparks, CJ Ice, GE BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Increased performance with 12-mrad sagittal-focusing monochromator SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB A recently installed large (20 cm) ribbed crystal located 9.8 m from the source of beamline X14A at the NSLS (National Synchrotron Light Source) is capable of collecting 15 milliradians of horizontal divergence. A nearly linear increase in beam flux and intensity is demonstrated for 6 keV radiation up to 12 milliradians but decreases to similar to 6 milliradians for 17.5 keV radiation. A focal spot size of less than similar to 0.5 mm(2) is achieved. Beamline performance has been further enhanced with the acquisition of an ultra-smooth low-figure-error mirror for focusing the vertical beam divergence. These upgrades have resulted in a beam flux of similar to 2.0 x 10(12) photons/s at 8 keV and 200 mA. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chung, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 234 EP 237 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600044 ER PT S AU Ice, GE Chung, JS Tischler, JZ Lunt, A AF Ice, GE Chung, JS Tischler, JZ Lunt, A BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Elliptical x-ray microprobe mirrors by differential deposition SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB A simple differential coating method is described for fabricating high-performance xray focusing mirrors. With this method, the figure of ultra-smooth spherical miners can be modified to produce elliptical surfaces with low roughness and low figure errors. Submicron focusing is demonstrated with prototype mirrors. The differential deposition method creates stiff monolithic mirrors that are compact, robust and easy to cool and align. Prototype mirrors produced by this technique provide for a gain of similar to 1 x 10(4) in beam intensity while maintaining submilliradian divergence on the sample. This method of producing elliptical mirrors is well matched to the requirements of an x-ray microdiffraction Kirkpatrick-Baez focusing system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600050 ER PT S AU Kulpin, JG AF Kulpin, JG BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Vacuum testing of instrumentation wire for a synchrotron radiation beamline SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB Several different types of instrumentation wire were tested for vacuum compatibility. Each length of wire was measured for equal surface area and individually tested in a vacuum vessel. The vessel was attached to a scroll pump and turbo pump with the vacuum pressure monitored and plotted over time. The results of each pump down were compared for pump down rate and ultimate pressure. The choice of wire for this experiment was based on cable construction, color-coding, pricing and availability for small quantities. The wire exhibiting the lowest pressure at the quickest pump down rate is considered the best choice for vacuum compatible instrumentation wire on a synchrotron radiation beamline. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, DuPont NW Dow Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kulpin, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, DuPont NW Dow Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600053 ER PT S AU Tajiri, G Lee, WK Fernandez, P Mills, D Assoufid, L Amirouche, F AF Tajiri, G Lee, WK Fernandez, P Mills, D Assoufid, L Amirouche, F BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Cryogenically cooled monochromator thermal distortion predictions SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB Silicon crystal monochromators at cryogenic temperatures have been used with great success at third-generation synchrotron radiation sources.(1,2). At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) the unique characteristics of silicon at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 degrees K) have been leveraged to significantly reduce the thermally induced distortions on beamline optical components. Finite element simulations of the nonlinear (temperature-dependent material properties) thermal stress problem were performed and compared with the experimental measurements. Several critical finite element modeling considerations are discussed for their role in accurately predicting the highly coupled thermal and structural response of the optical component's surface distortion to the high thermal heat flux. Depending on the estimated convection heat transfer coefficient, the final refined finite element model's predictions correlated well with the experimental measurements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tajiri, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 299 EP 303 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600056 ER PT S AU Mooney, TM Arnold, ND Boucher, E Cha, BK Goetze, KA Kraimer, MR Rivers, ML Sluiter, RL Sullivan, JP Wallis, DB AF Mooney, TM Arnold, ND Boucher, E Cha, BK Goetze, KA Kraimer, MR Rivers, ML Sluiter, RL Sullivan, JP Wallis, DB BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI EPICS and its role in data acquisition and beamline control SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB Beamline-control and data-acquisition software based on EPICS (a tool kit for building distributed control systems) has been running on many Advanced Photon Source beamlines for several years. EPICS itself, the collaborative software-development effort surrounding it, and EPICS-based beamline software have been described previously in general terms. This talk will review and update that material, focusing on the role EPICS core software plays in beamline applications and on the effects of a few defining characteristics of EPICS on the beamline software we have developed with it. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mooney, TM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 322 EP 327 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600060 ER PT S AU Gluskin, E Vinokurov, N Tcheskidov, V Medvedko, A Evtushenko, Y Kolmogorov, V Vobly, P Antokhin, E Ivanov, P Vasserman, IB Trakhtenberg, EM Den Hartog, PK Deriy, B Erdmann, M Makarov, O Moog, ER AF Gluskin, E Vinokurov, N Tcheskidov, V Medvedko, A Evtushenko, Y Kolmogorov, V Vobly, P Antokhin, E Ivanov, P Vasserman, IB Trakhtenberg, EM Den Hartog, PK Deriy, B Erdmann, M Makarov, O Moog, ER BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI An electromagnetic helical undulator for polarized x-rays SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB Linearly and circularly polarized x-rays have been very successfully applied to the study of the properties of materials. Many applications can benefit from the availability of energy-tunable, high-brilliance x-ray beams with adjustable polarization properties. A helical undulator that can generate beams of variable (linear to circular) polarization has been designed and built by the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and the Advanced Photon Source. The first harmonic of this 12.8-cm-period device will cover the energy range from 0.4 keV to 3.5 keV. An important feature of this fully electromagnetic device is that it will allow us to generate 100% horizontally (K-x=0) or vertically (K-y=0) plane-polarized radiation, which will enable many experiments otherwise not technically feasible. With symmetric deflection parameters (K-x=K-y), the on-axis radiation will be circularly polarized, with a user-selectable handedness. The polarization can be changed at rates up to 10 Hz. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gluskin, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 344 EP 347 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600064 ER PT S AU Johnson, LE Denbeaux, G Madey, JMJ AF Johnson, LE Denbeaux, G Madey, JMJ BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Magnetic field characterization, re-tuning and first operation of the NIST undulator on the Duke 1 GeV storage ring SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB Originally built for an IR FEL project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the NIST undulator was acquired by Duke for use as a soft x-ray source on the 1 GeV storage ring. The Brobeck Division of Maxwell Laboratories constructed this 3.64 m long hybrid-design undulator. Initial Hall probe measurements on the magnetic field distribution of the undulator revealed field errors of more than 0.80% RMS. Initial phase errors for the device were more than 11 degrees. A series of in-situ and off-line measurements and modifications were employed to re-tune the magnetic field structure. Initial goals for the device called for the production of strong spectral characteristics through the 5th harmonic. Although rms field errors remained rather high (similar to 0.75%), phase errors were reduced to less than 5 degrees. A diagnostic beamline including a transmission grating spectrometer and a scanning wire beam profile monitor was constructed to characterize the spatial and spectral characteristics of the radiation. We report on this effort and the resulting first operation of this undulator source. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnson, LE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 358 EP 362 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600067 ER PT S AU Trakhtenberg, EM Tcheskidov, VG Den Hartog, PK Deriy, BN Erdmann, M Makarov, OA Moog, ER AF Trakhtenberg, EM Tcheskidov, VG Den Hartog, PK Deriy, BN Erdmann, M Makarov, OA Moog, ER BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI A new gap separation mechanism for APS insertion devices SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB A new gap separation mechanism for use with the standard Advanced Photon Source (APS) 3.3-cm-period undulator magnetic structures has been designed and built, and the first system has been installed in the APS storage ring. The system allows a minimum magnetic gap of 10 mm for use with the APS 8-mm insertion device vacuum chambers. The mechanism is a bolted steel frame structure with a simple 4-motor mechanical drive train. The control system uses servomotors with incremental rotary encoders and virtual absolute linear encoders. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Trakhtenberg, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 363 EP 367 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600068 ER PT S AU Vasserman, IB Vinokurov, NA Dejus, RJ AF Vasserman, IB Vinokurov, NA Dejus, RJ BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Phasing of the insertion devices at APS FEL project SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB The amplifier part of the free-electron laser (FEL) at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory consists of 12 identical 2.7-meter-long sections. The break length between undulators must provide proper phasing and space necessary for the diagnostic system. Proper phasing is an essential parameter affecting the performance of the amplifier. Different options of phasing were examined. The approach implemented provides sufficient flexibility. A special technique to adjust the break length in a range of about +/- 2 cm has been demonstrated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vasserman, IB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600069 ER PT S AU Hettel, R AF Hettel, R CA SPEAR 3 Design Grp BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI SPEAR 3 SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB SSRL has embarked on the SPEAR 3 upgrade project that will replace the present SPEAR storage ring magnet lattice, vacuum chamber, RF system, and ancillary accelerator components in 2002. SPEAR 3 will have an 18 nm-rad emittance, reduced from 160 nm-rad, and will support a 500 mA beam current at 3 GeV, increased from 100 mA. Beam lines will see one to two orders of magnitude increase in beam focused flux density and brightness after they have been upgraded for the higher beam power. The ring conversion will take place in a 6-month shutdown period to minimize the impact on the SSRL user program. The SPEAR 3 accelerator design and beam properties are reviewed. C1 SLAC, SSRL, Stanford, CA USA. RP Hettel, R (reprint author), SLAC, SSRL, Stanford, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 375 EP 382 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600070 ER PT S AU Hulbert, SL AF Hulbert, SL BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI The revitalized NSLS VUV ring SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID TOROIDAL GRATING MONOCHROMATOR; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SURFACE; DESIGN AB A status report on the revitalization of the NSLS VUV ring will be presented, concentrating on three areas: 1) the four infrared ports (U2A/B, U4IR, U10A/B, and U12IR), 2) conversion of out-of-date toroidal grating monochromators to spherical grating type (U4A, U7A, and U12A), and 3) new insertion device beamlines (U5UA and U13UB). All of these beamlines were designed (new ones) or upgraded told ones) to serve a specific scientific need represented by the PRTs (both NSLS and non-NSLS based) involved. Therefore, an overview of the scientific programs served by these new beamlines will be given, as well as a summary of the beamline optical designs and operating performance. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hulbert, SL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600073 ER PT S AU Emery, L Borland, M AF Emery, L Borland, M BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Progress towards top-up mode operations at the Advanced Photon Source SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a 7-GeV, third-generation synchrotron radiation source. To provide a more stable beam for users, in September 1998 we began commissioning a new operating mode called "top-up." In this mode, the beam current does not decay but is maintained at a high level using frequent injection, while photon shutters are open and photon beams ate delivered to users. The exhaustive analysis for top-up safety will be reviewed as well as the hardware and software required for top-up operation. Operational experience so far includes testing aspects of top-up injection, delivering beam to X-ray users for a few hours with fractional current stability of 0.001, and routinely providing beam to users by refilling the ring to 100 mA every 12 hours with shutters open. Top-up performance issues encountered are short-lived orbit and emittance transients during the injection event, which appear in user experiments as X-ray beam brightness dips. Planned system modifications to reduce these beam transients are described. The main operational issue left for continuous top-up injection will then be sharing the injector system with other operations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Emery, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600075 ER PT S AU Zschack, P Ice, GE Tischler, JZ Hong, H Robinson, D Jemian, PR Larson, BC Chen, H Long, GG Broach, RW AF Zschack, P Ice, GE Tischler, JZ Hong, H Robinson, D Jemian, PR Larson, BC Chen, H Long, GG Broach, RW BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Design and performance of the UNICAT insertion device beamline at the APS SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB AB The UNICAT collaboration at the APS has constructed an insertion device beamline facility to support fundamental research in advanced materials and condensed matter physics. The primary research techniques used by UNICAT members include structural crystallography, diffuse x-ray scattering, magnetic x-ray scattering, ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering, micro-beam scattering, inelastic x-ray scattering and spectroscopy, surface and interface scattering, coherent x-ray diffraction, and time-resolved techniques. To support these advanced x-ray techniques for a diverse scientific community, we chose a liquid-nitrogen cooled Si (111) double crystal monochromator, and a pair of coated, striped mirrors. Important parameters considered in the design of the beamline are x-ray flux, energy range and bandwidth, source demagnification, and harmonic contamination. The APS type A undulator is used to produce high-brilliance X-rays between 4 and 40 KeV. We achieve sagittal focusing by dynamically bending the monochromator second crystal, and meridional focusing by cylindrically bending one of the flat mirrors. The resulting x-ray beam delivered to the experimental stations can be focused, unfocused, or collimated. The overall design of this beamline layout and the major beamline components are described, and its performance is discussed with respect to impact on the scientific programs proposed for the facility. C1 Univ Illinois, APS, UNICAT, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zschack, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, APS, UNICAT, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 423 EP 426 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600078 ER PT S AU Galayda, JN AF Galayda, JN BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Fourth-generation storage rings SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Galayda, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 429 EP 434 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600079 ER PT S AU Sinha, SK AF Sinha, SK BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Physics research opportunities with XFEL's SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; RAY; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; MATTER AB The advent of x-ray Free Electron Lasers will present a number of unique new scientific opportunities. These arise from their special characteristics which include intensely brilliant pulses of x-rays delivered in very short times, complete transverse coherence, and high photon quantum degeneracy, amongst other things. While clearly much thought needs to be given to a detailed quantitative assessment of the feasibility of various experiments using such sources, including methods of dealing with heat loads on beamline optics and radiation damage to samples, there are a number of areas in which one can see new opportunities, and other exciting possibilities about which one might speculate. In this talk we shall briefly review some of these areas, such as x-ray holography, pump-probe type experiments, correlation spectroscopy and quantum optics experiments with x-rays. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sinha, SK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 435 EP 440 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600080 ER PT S AU Cornacchia, M AF Cornacchia, M BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI X-ray free-electron lasers and the LCLS project SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; HIGH-GAIN REGIME; FLUCTUATIONS AB Advances in the physics and technology of photoinjectors, linear accelerators, insertion devices and free-electron lasers make it now possible to generate coherent radiation in the x-ray region by means of the Self-Amplified-Spontaneous-Emission (SASE) process. This radiation has much higher brightness, shorter pulses and coherence than present 3(rd) generation sources. The status of the physics and technology involved in a radiation source based on SASE is reviewed, together with an overview of the main activities in this field around the world. The design status of a 1.5 Angstrom SASE-FEL at SLAC, called the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), is described. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cornacchia, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 441 EP 449 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600081 ER PT S AU Cash, JE Jensen, D Tatchyn, R Wolf, Z AF Cash, JE Jensen, D Tatchyn, R Wolf, Z BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Initial tests of planar permanent magnet (PM) quadrupoles with improved high-quality field apertures SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID MULTIPOLES; DESIGN AB In recent years studies have been undertaken on a new class of multipoles consisting of cuboid planar permanent magnet (PM) pieces arranged in hi-planar arrays of 2-fold rotational symmetry. The bi-planarity, while geometrically allowing for the development of miniaturized machine field lattices and long short-period insertion devices with fully open horizontal apertures, also generates high levels of harmonics of the fundamental multipole order in the vicinity of the axis. To circumvent this effect, an algorithm for economically removing these higher harmonics has been recently proposed and quadrupoles based on this approach have been designed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) and fabricated out of NdFe/B. In this paper we report on initial field measurements of these improved structures carried out at the Magnetic Measurements Laboratory at SLAC. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Cash, JE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 450 EP 457 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600082 ER PT S AU Tatchyn, R AF Tatchyn, R BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Michelson interferometer design for Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) applications in the 15-1.5 angstrom wavelength range SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID X-RAYS AB In recent years the continuing development of linac-driven X-Ray Free Electron Laser (XRFEL) designs has significantly expanded the parameter space associated with 3rd and earlier-generation synchrotron radiation sources. In particular, in contrast to the >100 ps pulse durations typical of storage rings, temporal lengths extending down to the <100 fs regime will become available. For example, for the SLAG Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) a pulse duration of similar to 200-300 fs with finer temporal features extending down to similar to 1 fs is anticipated. The characterization of the phase space distributions of such pulses poses a significant challenge for instrumentation design both with regard to the brevity of the pulse structure as well as the X-ray (15-1.5 Angstrom) wavelength range of the FEL line. In this paper we assess a Michelson interferometer design aimed at characterizing the coherence length of the SLAC LCLS and discuss considerations related to its operation. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tatchyn, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 463 EP 470 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600084 ER PT S AU Tatchyn, R AF Tatchyn, R BE Pianetta, P Arthur, J Brennan, S TI Short-pulse limits in optical instrumentation design for the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th US National Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation CY OCT 13-15, 1999 CL STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; DIELECTRIC MIRRORS; FEMTOSECOND; DISPERSION; LENSES; NOISE AB The source properties of linac-driven X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers (XRFELs) operating in the Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) regime differ markedly from those of ordinary insertion devices on synchrotron storage rings. In the case of the 1.5 Angstrom SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the longitudinal output profile typically consists of a randomly-distributed train of fully-transversely-coherent micropulses of randomly varying intensity and an average length (corresponding to the source coherence length) two to three orders of magnitude smaller than the transverse diameter of the beam. Total pulse lengths are typically of the same order of size as the beam diameter. Both of these properties can be shown to significantly impact the performance of otherwise conventional synchrotron radiation optics; viz., mirrors, lenses, zone plates, crystals, multilayers, etc. In this paper we outline an analysis of short-pulse effects on selected optical components for the SLAC LCLS and discuss the implications for critical applications such as microfocusing and monochromatization. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tatchyn, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-941-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 521 BP 471 EP 478 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BQ56A UT WOS:000088762600085 ER PT J AU Gao, H Angelici, RJ AF Gao, H Angelici, RJ TI Epoxidation of olefins by molecular oxygen over supported metal heterogeneous catalysts SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID AEROBIC OXIDATION; COPPER-SALTS; ALKENES; ALKANES AB Molecular oxygen(1 atm) conveniently reacts with olefins in the presence of simple supported metal heterogeneous catalysts and aldehydes (e.g., isobutyraldehyde and benzaldehyde) at room temperature to give epoxides in good yields. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2000 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1239 EP 1247 DI 10.1080/00397910008087145 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 302QE UT WOS:000086376000010 ER PT J AU Griffith-Dzielawa, JA Barrans, RE McAlister, DR Dietz, ML Herlinger, AW AF Griffith-Dzielawa, JA Barrans, RE McAlister, DR Dietz, ML Herlinger, AW TI Synthesis and characterization of di-[3-(trimethylsilyl)1-propylene] alkylenediphosphonic acids SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; METAL EXTRACTION; COMPLEXES AB A homologous series of alkylenediphosphonic acids was successfully esterified with 3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propanol to the symmetrically-substituted diesters. The procedure, which has general applicability for incorporating silicon heteroatoms into diphosphonic acids, utilizes the esterification reagent dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) to activate the acid. The aggregation properties of the di-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propylene] alkylenediphosphonic acids were measured in toluene and 1-decanol. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Barrans, RE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2000 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2121 EP 2132 DI 10.1080/00397910008087391 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 325DQ UT WOS:000087661400008 ER PT J AU Fang, XG Warner, BP Watkin, JG AF Fang, XG Warner, BP Watkin, JG TI Ytterbium trichloride-catalyzed Diels-Alder reactions of unactivated dienes SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LANTHANIDE(III) TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATES; ALLENIC ESTERS; CHIRAL SOURCE; LEWIS-ACIDS; COMPLEXES; CYCLOPENTADIENE; CYCLOADDITION; DERIVATIVES; LN(OTF)(3) AB Ytterbium chloride (YbCl3) is an effective and reusable catalyst for Diels-Alder reactions of unactivated dienes with alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes at room temperature, leading to products with high regio- and stereoselectivities. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Warner, BP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2000 VL 30 IS 15 BP 2669 EP 2676 DI 10.1080/00397910008086891 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 326QC UT WOS:000087745400003 ER PT S AU Wright, SJ AF Wright, SJ BE Powell, MJD Scholtes, S TI Recent developments in interior-point methods SO SYSTEM MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION: METHODS, THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IFIP TC7 Conference on System Modelling and Optimization CY JUL 12-16, 1999 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Int Federat Informat Processing, Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Working Grp 72, Computat Tech Distributed Syst, Working Grp 74, Discrete Optimizat Tech Comm 7, Int Federat Informat Processing, Modeling & Optimizat Tech DE optimization; interior-point methods ID ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS AB The modern era of interior-point methods dates to 1984, when Karmarkar proposed his algorithm for linear programming. In the years since then, algorithms and software for linear programming have become quite sophisticated, while extensions to more general classes of problems, such as convex quadratic programming, semidefinite programming, and nonconvex and nonlinear problems, have reached varying levels of maturity. Interior-point methodology has been used as part of the solution strategy in many other optimization contexts as well, including analytic center methods and column-generation algorithms for large linear programs. We review some core developments in the area. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wright, SJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 0-7923-7881-4 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2000 VL 46 BP 311 EP 333 PG 23 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BR04H UT WOS:000165486800014 ER PT B AU Palko, CG Grubb, RG Westbrook, JD AF Palko, CG Grubb, RG Westbrook, JD GP ASEM ASEM TI Organizational culture and team effectiveness - How are they related? SO TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT: KEY TO ENTERPRISE SUCCESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 04-07, 2000 CL GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Engn Management HO GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV AB Teams and team building have received a great deal of attention over the last decade. Organizational culture has likewise received a great deal of attention. One of the strongest arguments for why organizations struggle with change is that they are trying new things in a culture that is not supportive of those efforts. Culture has a strong influence on how each individual responds to their peers. This paper discusses the relationship between team effectiveness and the culture present in the organization. In other words, when certain cultural characteristics are present what impact does that have on the effectiveness of the teams in that organization? By showing this relationship, and providing a set of tools for measuring this effect, it is possible to identify cultural changes that can be made to enhance team effectiveness. Using the Organizational Cultural Assessment developed by Ronda Reigle, organizations have been surveyed to assess the amount of organic versus mechanistic characteristics present. These same groups were assessed using the Larson and LaFasto team maturity survey to evaluate the presence of the eight characteristics of effective teams. The results of the two surveys are quantified and the relationships discussed. C1 UT Battelle, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Plant & Equipment Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2000 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BY20J UT WOS:000188242100011 ER PT B AU DeVolpi, A AF DeVolpi, A BE Schroeer, D Elena, M TI Control of smuggling in nuclear proliferation SO TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Summer Course of the International School on Disarmament and Research on Conflicts (ISODARCO) CY AUG 25-SEP 03, 1998 CL CANDRIAI, ITALY SP Univ Trento, Univ Rome, Tor Vergata, Ist Trentino Cultura, Reg Auton Trentinal Alto Adige, Fdn Opera Campana Caduti Rovereto C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 0-7546-2045-X PY 2000 BP 147 EP 166 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Political Science SC Computer Science; Government & Law GA BR94S UT WOS:000168149200009 ER PT S AU Rivetta, C Briegel, C Czarapata, P AF Rivetta, C Briegel, C Czarapata, P BE Sebring, TA Andersen, T TI Motion control design of the SDSS 2.5 mts telescope SO TELESCOPE STRUCTURES, ENCLOSURES, CONTROLS, ASSEMBLY/INTEGRATION/VALIDATION, AND COMMISSIONING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Telescope Structures, Enclosures, Controls, Assembly/Integration/Validation, and Commissioning CY MAR 27-31, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE control system; system modeling; telescopes ID FRICTION; COMPENSATION; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB This paper describes the control system analysis and design for the three principal axes of the 2.5 mts SDSS Telescope. The telescope requirements are good tracking performance with errors lower than 165 marcsec rms in the speed range between 0 to 45 arcsec/sec for all the axes. The pointing error is about 2 arcsec rms per axis with a maximum absolute value of 5 arcsec. The telescope has the additional requirement of slewing, between tracking areas, with maximum speed of 3 degree/sec. The dynamical model of the telescope including the friction is analyzed and based on that, the design of a PID controller for each axis is presented. The specifications for pointing and tracking mode are achieved with this design in all the range of velocities and the performance in slew-mode is acceptable. Simulations and experimental results depict the behavior of the telescope in slewing, tracking and pointing. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 222, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rivetta@fnal.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3629-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4004 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1117/12.393917 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BQ70A UT WOS:000089218200021 ER PT S AU Wos, L Fitelson, B AF Wos, L Fitelson, B BE Aagaard, M Harrison, J TI Automating the search for answers to open questions SO THEOREM PROVING IN HIGHER ORDER LOGICS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics CY AUG 14-18, 2000 CL PORTLAND, OREGON SP Intel Corporat, OGI, Oregon Grad Inst, Compaq, IBM, Intel, Levetate, Synopsys AB This article provides evidence for the arrival of automated reasoning. Indeed, one of its primary goals of the early 1960s has been reached: The use of an automated reasoning program frequently leads to significant contributions to mathematics and to logic. In addition, although not clearly an original objective, the use of such a program now plays an important role for chip design and for program verification. That importance can be sharply increased; indeed, in this article we discuss the possible value of automated reasoning to finding better designs of chips, circuits, and computer code. We also provide insight into the mechanisms-in particular, strategy-that have led to numerous successes. To complement the evidence we present and to encourage further research, we offer challenges and open questions for consideration. We include a glimpse of the future and some commentary on the possibly unexpected benefits of automating the search for answers to open questions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Philosophy, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wos, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67863-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1869 BP 519 EP 525 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT05X UT WOS:000171796500032 ER PT S AU Wos, L AF Wos, L BE Aagaard, M Harrison, J TI Appendix: Conjectures concerning proof, design, and verification SO THEOREM PROVING IN HIGHER ORDER LOGICS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics CY AUG 14-18, 2000 CL PORTLAND, OREGON SP Intel Corporat, OGI, Oregon Grad Inst, Compaq, IBM, Intel, Levetate, Synopsys C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wos, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67863-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1869 BP 526 EP 533 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT05X UT WOS:000171796500033 ER PT S AU Czarnecki, A Melnikov, K Yelkhovsky, A AF Czarnecki, A Melnikov, K Yelkhovsky, A BE Hagen, CR TI Progress and puzzles in positronium physics SO THEORETICAL HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS: MRST 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on High Energy Physics CY MAY 08-09, 2000 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP US DOE ID DECAY-RATE; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ENERGY-LEVELS; INTERVAL; STATE AB We review our recent results on higher order corrections in positronium physics. We discuss a calculation of the recoil O(m alpha (6)) corrections to the hyperfine splitting [1] and energy levels [2] of a positronium atom, O(m alpha (7) ln(2) alpha) contributions to the positronium S-wave energy levels [3] and O(alpha (2)) radiative corrections to the parapositronium decay rate [4]. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Czarnecki, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-966-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 541 BP 145 EP 154 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR21J UT WOS:000165862800015 ER PT S AU Kim, C AF Kim, C BE Benfatto, M Natoli, CR Pace, E TI Is a hole a single particle? SO THEORY AND COMPUTATION FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Theory and Computation for Synchrotron Radiation CY SEP 23-25, 1999 CL LAB NAZL FRASCATI, FRASCATI, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fisica Nucleare, Ist Nazl Fisica Materia, Soc Italiana Luce Sincrotrone, Synchrotron Radiat Facilities Trieste, Synchrotron Radiat Facilities Grenoble, Synchrotron Radiat Facilities Berkeley, CIE Telematica, Datamax, SGI HO LAB NAZL FRASCATI ID OPTICAL-SPECTRA; SPIN; SR2CUO3; MODEL AB Through an example of recent experimental evidence of spin-charge separation in one dimensional correlated electron systems, Sr2CuO3 and SrCuO2, the seemingly natural concept of a 'hole' being a single particle is re-considered. It is argued that a hole as a particle should be an exception rather than the norm, contrary to one's usual perception. This implies that strange phenomena such as spin-charge separation in correlated systems may not be as strange as one may think. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-936-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 514 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ47H UT WOS:000088437000009 ER PT S AU de Abajo, JFG Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS AF de Abajo, JFG Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS BE Benfatto, M Natoli, CR Pace, E TI A new recursive approach to photoelectron diffraction simulation SO THEORY AND COMPUTATION FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Theory and Computation for Synchrotron Radiation CY SEP 23-25, 1999 CL LAB NAZL FRASCATI, FRASCATI, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fisica Nucleare, Ist Nazl Fisica Materia, Soc Italiana Luce Sincrotrone, Synchrotron Radiat Facilities Trieste, Synchrotron Radiat Facilities Grenoble, Synchrotron Radiat Facilities Berkeley, CIE Telematica, Datamax, SGI HO LAB NAZL FRASCATI ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING THEORY; FINE-STRUCTURE; EXAFS AB A new recursive method for the simulation of photoelecton diffraction in solids within the cluster approach is presented. No approximations are made beyond the muffin-tin model, and in particular, an exact representation of the free-electron Green function is used. The new method relies upon a convenient separation of the free-electron Green function involving rotation matrices to reduce the computation time and storage demand. The multiple scattering expansion is iteratively evaluated using a divergence-free recursion method. The resulting computational demand scales as N-2(l(max) + 1)(3) with the number of atoms in the cluster N and the maximum of the relevant angular momentum quantum numbers l(max). Actual examples are given where N > 1000 is needed for convergence within 5% in the calculated photoelectron intensity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Abajo, JFG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-936-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 514 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQ47H UT WOS:000088437000012 ER PT B AU Faybishenko, B Finsterle, S AF Faybishenko, B Finsterle, S BE Zhang, D Winter, CL TI Tensiometry in fractured rocks SO THEORY, MODELING, AND FIELD INVESTIGATION IN HYDROGEOLOGY: A SPECIAL VOLUME IN HONOR OF SHLOMO P. NEUMAN'S 60TH BIRTHDAY SE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA SPECIAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Theory, Modeling, and Field Investigation in Hydrogeology in Honor of Shlomo P Neumans 60th Birthday CY OCT 17, 1998 CL TUCSON, AZ ID WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; RELATIVE PERMEABILITY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WATER SEEPAGE; POROUS ROCK; FLOW; SURFACES; MODEL AB Tensiometers are commonly used under both laboratory and field conditions for measuring the water pressure in variably saturated porous and fractured media. In order to improve our understanding of tensiometer measurement physics, we present a concept of tensiometry, analyze the results of laboratory and field infiltration tests in fractured basalt, and compare the laboratory experimental data with a numerically simulated response of tensiometers in a fractured-porous medium. We show that the water pressure in the most conductive hydraulic component of the medium (at the time of measurement) primarily affects the tensiometer gauge-pressure: during imbibition, the pressure measured by the tensiometer represents the fracture water pressure, whereas during drainage, it represents the matrix water pressure. During drainage, the measured water pressure is representative of average rock saturation; during imbibition, however, even a small increase in fracture saturation leads to a substantially higher tensiometer pressure. Thus, tensiometer measurements can exhibit significant extrinsic hysteresis even without taking into account the intrinsic hysteresis of the unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of the matrix and fracture. Because of the complex three-dimensional, channelized preferential water flow local water pressure measurements using tensiometers are of limited use for the evaluation of hydraulic gradient and water flux in fractured rocks on the field scale, The tensiometer measurements can provide only a limited understanding of the water travel time and the fracture-matrix interaction in fractured rocks, and should be supplemented by other types of measurements under field conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Faybishenko, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA BN 0-8137-2348-5 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 2000 IS 348 BP 161 EP 174 PG 14 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BS33C UT WOS:000169503900014 ER PT B AU Vesselinov, VV Neuman, SP AF Vesselinov, VV Neuman, SP BE Zhang, D Winter, CL TI Numerical inverse interpretation of multistep transient single-hole pneumatic tests in unsaturated fractured tuffs at the Apache Leap Research Site SO THEORY, MODELING, AND FIELD INVESTIGATION IN HYDROGEOLOGY: A SPECIAL VOLUME IN HONOR OF SHLOMO P. NEUMAN'S 60TH BIRTHDAY SE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA SPECIAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Theory, Modeling, and Field Investigation in Hydrogeology in Honor of Shlomo P Neumans 60th Birthday CY OCT 17, 1998 CL TUCSON, AZ AB More than 270 single-hole multiple-step air-injection (pneumatic) tests have been conducted by A.G. Guzman and coworkers in six shallow vertical and slanted boreholes in unsaturated fractured tuffs at the Apache Leap Research Site near Superior, Arizona. Guzman and coworkers used steady-state formulae for single-phase air flow in a uniform, isotropic porous continuum to interpret late data from each step of an injection test. W.A. Illman and coworkers used transient type curves for single-phase air flow in a similar continuum to analyze all data from the first step of several injection tests; however, this analysis did not allow reliable identification of air-filled porosity and the dimensionless borehole storage coefficient. This chapter describes numerical inversion of multistep and recovery data from some of these same tests, based on similar assumptions, by means of a three-dimensional finite-volume code (FEHM) coupled with a parameter-estimation code (PEST), Our numerical inverse model accounts directly for the geometry, flow properties, and storage capabilities of open borehole intervals by treating them as high-permeability and high-porosity cylinders of finite length and radius. It also allows interpreting multiple injection-step and recovery data simultaneously, and yields information about air permeability, air-filled porosity, and the dimensionless borehole storage coefficient. Some of this is difficult to accomplish with the analytical type-curve method. Air permeability values obtained by our inverse method agree well with those obtained by steady-state and type-curve analyses. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vesselinov, VV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,EES-5,MS C306, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Vesselinov, Velimir/0000-0002-6222-0530 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA BN 0-8137-2348-5 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 2000 IS 348 BP 175 EP 190 PG 16 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BS33C UT WOS:000169503900015 ER PT B AU Jaeger, EF Berry, LA D'Azevedo, EF Batchelor, DB Carter, MD AF Jaeger, EF Berry, LA D'Azevedo, EF Batchelor, DB Carter, MD BE Connor, JW Sauter, O Sindoni, E TI Full-wave calculation of sheared poloidal flow driven by high-harmonic ion Bernstein waves in TFTR and FTU SO THEORY OF FUSION PLASMAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on Theory of Fusion Plasmas CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2000 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Ecole Polytechn Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Int Sch Plasma Phys, Ist Fis Plasma, CNR, Assoc Euratom, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Fed Lausanne, Univ Milano, Dept Fis, Univ Milano, Dept Sci Ambiente Territor, Amminist Provincia Lecco, Commiss European Communities, Entre Nuove Tecnol Energia Ambiente, Consigl Nazl Ricer, Camera Commerc Lecco, Ctr Innovaz Lecco ID TOKAMAK PLASMAS; MODE CONVERSION; ABSORPTION AB A full-wave spectral model has been developed in one dimension to study sheared poloidal flow driven by high-harmonic ion Bernstein waves (IBW) in tokamak plasmas. The local plasma conductivity is corrected to lowest order in rho /L where rho is the ion Larmor radius, and L is the equilibrium scale length. This correction takes into account gradients in equilibrium quantities and is necessary for conservation of energy. It is equivalent to the "odd-order derivative" terms in finite difference methods. Previous numerical results for flow drive have typically relied on finite Larmor radius expansions and are limited to cyclotron harmonics of two and below. In this paper, we make no assumption regarding the smallness of the ion Larmor radius relative to wavelength, and the results are applicable to all order in k perpendicular to rho where k perpendicular to is the perpendicular wave number. Thus, we can treat higher harmonic cases corresponding to recent IBW flow drive experiments. In these cases, directly launched, high-harmonic IBW is used to drive poloidal flow near the fourth- and fifth-harmonic ion cyclotron layers. Other applications include high harmonic fast wave heating in low-aspect-ratio tokamaks. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jaeger, EF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, 40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7794-248-7 PY 2000 BP 45 EP 58 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BR71S UT WOS:000167297600004 ER PT B AU Lee, WW AF Lee, WW BE Connor, JW Sauter, O Sindoni, E TI Shear-Alfven waves in gyrokinetic particle simulation SO THEORY OF FUSION PLASMAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on Theory of Fusion Plasmas CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2000 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Ecole Polytechn Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Int Sch Plasma Phys, Ist Fis Plasma, CNR, Assoc Euratom, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Fed Lausanne, Univ Milano, Dept Fis, Univ Milano, Dept Sci Ambiente Territor, Amminist Provincia Lecco, Commiss European Communities, Entre Nuove Tecnol Energia Ambiente, Consigl Nazl Ricer, Camera Commerc Lecco, Ctr Innovaz Lecco ID SCHEME AB One of the most important considerations for applying gyrokinetic particle simulation techniques to study low-frequency MHD modes is that the numerical properties in terms of time step, grid spacing and noise level associated with shear-Alfven waves do not degrade with higher plasma beta in the simulation plasma. In the present paper, we report the recent finding, using the newly developed split-weight perturbative gyrokinetic particle simulation techniques, that the fluctuation level for the effective potential, psi = integral(partial derivative phi/partial derivativex parallel to + partial derivativeA parallel to /c partial derivativet)dx parallel to, of the shear-Alfven waves decreases with plasma beta. It can be shown that, for beta much greater than m(e)/m(i,) shear-Alfven waves behave nearly like ion acoustic waves in terms of their numerical properties. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lee, WW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, 40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7794-248-7 PY 2000 BP 171 EP 183 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BR71S UT WOS:000167297600013 ER PT S AU Wang, H Wereszczak, AA AF Wang, H Wereszczak, AA BE Uher, C Morelli, D TI Thermal conductivity of refractory materials used in the glass production industry SO THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 25: THERMAL EXPANSION 13 SE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Thermal Conductivity Conference/13th International Thermal Expansion Symposium CY JUN 13-16, 1999 CL UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI HO UNIV MICHIGAN ID TRANSIENT AB Refractory materials are widely used throughout the glass production industry. High-temperature exposure to glass melt and its vapors causes significant microstructure change in the refractories. Thermal conductivity of the refractories is also expected to change after long-time exposure to high temperatures. Salvaged silica bricks from float-glass and TV-panel furnaces were provided by PPG Industries and Thomson Consumer Electronics. These bricks had been in service for 10 years and 6.5 years respectively. A fusion-cast alumina refractory was also tested in this study. Thermal conductivity of the refractories was measured by a Hot Disk system. The single-side method was used to obtain thermal conductivity data non-destructively. Thermal conductivity values of the silica bricks had increased after their service. Thermal conductivity as a function of location also revealed variations at the hot- and cold-faces of the bricks. Thermal conductivity variations at the different locations in the fusion-cast alumina were also observed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013; Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867; Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0163-9005 BN 1-56676-806-3 J9 THERM COND PY 2000 VL 25 BP 350 EP 357 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS16F UT WOS:000168892500039 ER PT S AU Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB Jiang, L Liaw, PK Brooks, CR Klarstrom, DL AF Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB Jiang, L Liaw, PK Brooks, CR Klarstrom, DL BE Dinwiddie, RB LeMieux, DH TI Application of high-speed IR imaging during mechanical fatigue tests SO THERMOSENSE XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Thermosense XXII Conference CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared imaging; fatigue; thermography AB High-speed infrared (IR) imaging provides researchers a noncontact and nondestructive tool of studying fatigue behavior of materials. In this study, ULTIMET(R) superalloy manufactured by Haynes International, Inc. was used. High-cycle fatigue tests (20 Hz) were conducted at the University of Tennessee using two MTS (Material Test System) machines. An IR camera recorded temperature evolution during the fatigue test. Four distinct temperature regions were observed: (1) the initial temperature rise was found to be dependent on the damage condition of the specimen. A pre-damaged specimen showed a slower rate of initial temperature rise than the as-received specimen; (2) The equilibrium temperature of a specimen depends on the applied stress, test frequency, and thermophysical properties of the material. The equilibrium temperatures varied from 23 degrees C to 50 degrees C; (3) Further temperature increase was detected 5,000 cycles before final failure, indicating the onset of a fatal crack; and (4) Final temperature drop was found due to the separation of the test sample. High temperature regions were observed at the crack tip as a result of stress concentration. High-speeding IR imaging also revealed the thermoelastic effect during cyclic loading. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 4515 MS 6064, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM y6f@ornl.gov RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3646-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4020 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1117/12.381550 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ31Z UT WOS:000087919600023 ER PT S AU Allred, LG Jones, MH AF Allred, LG Jones, MH BE Dinwiddie, RB LeMieux, DH TI The need for image processing in infrared camera design SO THERMOSENSE XXII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Thermosense XXII Conference CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared thermography; focal-plane arrays; image processing; infrared cameras AB While the value of image processing has been longly recognized, this is usually done during postprocessing. For scientific application, the presence of large noise errors, data drop out, and dead sensors would invalidate any conclusions made from the data until noise-removal and sensor calibration has been accomplished. With the growing need for ruggedized, real-time image acquisitions systems, including applications to automotive and aerospace, post processing may not be an option. With post processing, the operator does not have the opportunity to view the cleaned-up image. Focal plane arrays are plagued by bad sensors, high manufacturing costs, and low yields, often forcing a six digit cost tag. Perhaps infrared camera design is too serious an issue to leave to the camera manufacturers. Alternative camera designs using a single spinning mirror can yield perfect infrared images at rates up to 12000 frames per second using a fi-action of the hardware in the current focal-plane arrays. Using a 768x5 sensor army, redundant 2048x768 images are produced by each row of the sensor array. Sensor arrays with flawed sensors would no longer need to be discarded because data from dead sensors can be discarded, thus increasing manufacturing yields and reducing manufacturing costs. Furthermore, very rapid image processing chips are available, allowing for real-time morphological image processing (including realtime sensor calibration), thus significantly increasing thermal precision, making thermal imaging amenable for an increased variety of applications. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Measurement Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Allred, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Measurement Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3646-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4020 BP 289 EP 292 DI 10.1117/12.381576 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ31Z UT WOS:000087919600035 ER PT S AU Vlila-Aleman, E Garrett, AJ Kurzeja, RJ Perdergast, MM AF Vlila-Aleman, E Garrett, AJ Kurzeja, RJ Perdergast, MM BE Dinwiddie, RB LeMieux, DH TI Aerial thermography studies of power plant heated lakes SO THERMOSENSE XXII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Thermosense XXII Conference CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE skin temperature; infrared imaging; aerial thermography; power plant AB Remote sensing temperature measurements of water bodies is complicated by the temperature differences between the true surface or "skin" water and the bulk water below. Weather conditions control the reduction of the skin temperature relative to the bulk water temperature. Typical skin temperature depressions range from a few tenths of a degree Celsius to more than one degree. In this research project, the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) used aerial thermography and surface-based meteorological and water temperature measurements to study a power plant cooling lake in South Carolina. Skin and bulk water temperatures were measured simultaneously for imagery calibration and to produce a database for modeling of skin temperature depressions as a function of weather and bulk water temperatures. This paper will present imagery that illustrates how the skin temperature depression was affected by different conditions in several locations on the lake and will present skin temperature modeling results. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Vlila-Aleman, E (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3646-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4020 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1117/12.381571 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ31Z UT WOS:000087919600045 ER PT S AU Malko, A Xu, S Wang, HL Kohlman, R Smilowitz, L Klimov, V McBranch, DW Nogues, JL Moreshead, W Hagan, D Yang, S Van Stryland, E AF Malko, A Xu, S Wang, HL Kohlman, R Smilowitz, L Klimov, V McBranch, DW Nogues, JL Moreshead, W Hagan, D Yang, S Van Stryland, E BE Nashimoto, K Pachter, R Wessels, BW Shmulovich, J Jen, AKY Lewis, K Sutherland, R Perry, JW TI Femtosecond to nanosecond characterization of optical limiting mechanisms in power limiting liquids and solids SO THIN FILMS FOR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DEVICES AND MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL LIMITING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Z on Thin Films for Optical Waveguide Devices/Symposium PP on Materials for Optical Limiting III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Shinkosha Co Ltd, USAF, Res Lab, Def Res Agcy ID ABSORPTION; FULLERENES; PHTHALOCYANINES; DYNAMICS AB We present our recent advances toward the development of igh-performance solid-state optical limiting devices using reverse saturable absorption (RSA) dyes doped into optical host materials. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was employed to determine both the spectral regions of strong RSA, and the singlet-triplet excited-state dynamics. The optical limiting in the visible spectrum in both metallo-phthalocyanines and metallo-porphyrins is due to a combination of singlet and triplet RSA. Optical limiting performance was studied for RSA dyes in dual tandem limiters (both in solution and solid-state). Our best results in the solid-state yielded an attenuation of 400x, and a damage threshold of up to several mJ at f/5 focusing. The optical limiting at f/5 is further enhanced, particularly in the solid-state, by self-defocusing thermal nonlinearities. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Malko, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-505-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 597 BP 437 EP 445 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR05D UT WOS:000165506500058 ER PT S AU Knapp, JA Follstaedt, DM Banks, JC Myers, SM AF Knapp, JA Follstaedt, DM Banks, JC Myers, SM BE Vinci, R Kraft, O Moody, N Besser, P Shaffer, E TI Hall-Petch hardening in pulsed laser deposited nickel and copper thin films SO THIN FILMS-STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VIII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium V on Thin Films-Stresses and Mechanical Properties VIII held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Adv Micro Devices Inc, AMIA Labs, Appl Mat Inc, Dow Chem Co, Hysitron Inc, IBM, T J Watson Res Ctr, Lucent Technol, Micron Syst Corp, Novellus Syst Inc, MTS Syst Corp, Seagate Technol Inc ID YIELD STRESS; NANOCRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR AB Very fine-grained Ni and Cu films were formed using pulsed laser deposition onto fused silica substrates. The grain sizes in the films were characterized by electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties were determined by ultra-low load indentation, with finite-element modeling used to evaluate the properties of the layers separately from those of the substrate. Some Ni films were also examined after annealing to 350 and 450 degreesC to enlarge the grain sizes. These preliminary results show that the observed hardnesses are consistent with a simple extension of the Hall-Fetch relationship to grain sizes as small as 11 nm for Ni and 32 nm for Cu. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knapp, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-502-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 594 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR05C UT WOS:000165506400012 ER PT S AU Allen, CW Schroeder, H Hiller, JM AF Allen, CW Schroeder, H Hiller, JM BE Vinci, R Kraft, O Moody, N Besser, P Shaffer, E TI In situ study of dislocation film on behavior in columnar Al thin Si substrate during thermal cycling SO THIN FILMS-STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VIII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium V on Thin Films-Stresses and Mechanical Properties VIII held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Adv Micro Devices Inc, AMIA Labs, Appl Mat Inc, Dow Chem Co, Hysitron Inc, IBM, T J Watson Res Ctr, Lucent Technol, Micron Syst Corp, Novellus Syst Inc, MTS Syst Corp, Seagate Technol Inc AB In situ transmission electron microscopy (150 kV) has been employed to study the evolution of dislocation microstructures during relatively rapid thermal cycling of a 200 nm Al thin film on Si substrate. After a few thermal cycles between 150 and 500 degreesC, nearly stable Al columnar grain structure is established with average grain less than a Irm. On rapid cooling (3-30+ degreesC/s) from 500 degreesC, dislocations first appear at a nominal temperature of 360-380 degreesC, quickly multiplying and forming planar glide plane arrays on further cooling. From a large number of such experiments we have attempted to deduce the dislocation evolution during thermal cycling in these polycrystalline Al films and to account qualitatively for the results on a simple dislocation model. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allen, CW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hiller, Jon/A-2513-2009 OI Hiller, Jon/0000-0001-7207-8008 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-502-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 594 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR05C UT WOS:000165506400020 ER PT S AU Lu, MC Tam, SY Schunk, PR Brinker, CJ AF Lu, MC Tam, SY Schunk, PR Brinker, CJ BE Vinci, R Kraft, O Moody, N Besser, P Shaffer, E TI In-situ characterization of stress development in gelatin film during controlled drying SO THIN FILMS-STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VIII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium V on Thin Films-Stresses and Mechanical Properties VIII held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Adv Micro Devices Inc, AMIA Labs, Appl Mat Inc, Dow Chem Co, Hysitron Inc, IBM, T J Watson Res Ctr, Lucent Technol, Micron Syst Corp, Novellus Syst Inc, MTS Syst Corp, Seagate Technol Inc ID LAYERS; GEL AB Drying of gelatin films was studied by an in-situ cantilever beam method combined with spectroscopic ellipsometry, enabling measurement of the stress development, film shrinkage and compositional change during the drying process. Experiments are carried out under different drying conditions (such as drying extent variation, drying rate variation). The film experiences stress relaxation that indicates visco-elastic relaxation or plastic deformation happened during drying process. Plastic deformation is verified by carefully reversing the drying process, however, the plastic deformation accompanied by visco-elastic relaxation complicates the case of finding the value of the yield stress. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Lu, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1101 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-502-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 594 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR05C UT WOS:000165506400042 ER PT S AU LaVan, DA Hohlfelder, RJ Sullivan, JP Friedmann, TA Mitchell, M Ashby, CIH AF LaVan, DA Hohlfelder, RJ Sullivan, JP Friedmann, TA Mitchell, M Ashby, CIH BE Vinci, R Kraft, O Moody, N Besser, P Shaffer, E TI Tensile properties of amorphous diamond films SO THIN FILMS-STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VIII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium V on Thin Films-Stresses and Mechanical Properties VIII held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Adv Micro Devices Inc, AMIA Labs, Appl Mat Inc, Dow Chem Co, Hysitron Inc, IBM, T J Watson Res Ctr, Lucent Technol, Micron Syst Corp, Novellus Syst Inc, MTS Syst Corp, Seagate Technol Inc ID POLYSILICON; STRENGTH; MODULUS; HARDNESS; CARBON AB Amorphous diamond is a new material for surface micromachined microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and sensors. Its strength and modulus was tested in uniaxial tension by pulling laterally on a specially designed sample with a flat tipped diamond in a nanoindenter. Several sample designs were attempted. Of those, only the single layer specimen with a 1 by 2 mum gage cross section and a fixed end rigidly attached to the substrate was successful. Tensile load was calculated by resolving the measured lateral and normal forces into the applied tensile force and frictional losses. Displacement was corrected for machine compliance using the differential stiffness method. Post-mortem examination of the samples was performed to document the failure mode. The load-displacement data from those samples that failed in the gage section was converted to stress-strain curves using carefully measured gage cross section dimensions. Mean fracture strength was found to be 8.5 +/- 1.4 GPa and the modulus was 831 +/- 94 GPa. Tensile results are compared to hardness and modulus measurements made using a nanoindenter. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP LaVan, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-502-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 594 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR05C UT WOS:000165506400046 ER PT S AU Klein, PA Gao, H Vainchtein, A Fujimoto, H Lee, J Ma, Q AF Klein, PA Gao, H Vainchtein, A Fujimoto, H Lee, J Ma, Q BE Vinci, R Kraft, O Moody, N Besser, P Shaffer, E TI Micromechanics-based modeling of interfacial debonding in multilayer structures SO THIN FILMS-STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VIII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium V on Thin Films-Stresses and Mechanical Properties VIII held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Adv Micro Devices Inc, AMIA Labs, Appl Mat Inc, Dow Chem Co, Hysitron Inc, IBM, T J Watson Res Ctr, Lucent Technol, Micron Syst Corp, Novellus Syst Inc, MTS Syst Corp, Seagate Technol Inc ID INTERCONNECT STRUCTURES; TOUGHNESS; GROWTH; SOLIDS AB Classical approaches to modeling fracture have proved successful in applications for which the highly deformed region near a crack tip is small compared to any other relevant dimensions in the structure. Tire classical theory relies on phenomenological criteria for material failure that lack a physics-based description of the fracture process itself. Small scale, thin film structures pose difficulties for analysis by these approaches because they contain complicated geometry and many interfaces within the fracture process zone itself. Moreover, plastic flow in metal layers is often severely constrained by the surrounding structure, causing the plastic dissipation part of the overall fracture energy consumed by debonding to be a strong function of geometry. Therefore, it can no longer be regarded as an intrinsic material property. To improve the fracture characterization of these structures, one must develop a physically sound methodology capable of separating the contribution of plastic flow, and other sources of dissipation, from the work of adhesion consumed at the crack tip. In this study we investigate the parameters affecting energy dissipation by interfacial debonding in a multilayered structure. Interlayer decohesion is modeled using the Virtual Internal Bond constitutive model. We compare our predicted variations in the macroscopic fracture energy with experimental results for varying layer geometry. We also characterize the effect of variations in material properties and other experimental uncertainties in the resulting debonding behavior. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Klein, PA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-502-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 594 BP 371 EP 376 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR05C UT WOS:000165506400057 ER PT S AU Lu, MC Brinker, CJ AF Lu, MC Brinker, CJ BE Vinci, R Kraft, O Moody, N Besser, P Shaffer, E TI Stress development in low dielectric constant silica films during drying and heating process SO THIN FILMS-STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES VIII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium V on Thin Films-Stresses and Mechanical Properties VIII held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Adv Micro Devices Inc, AMIA Labs, Appl Mat Inc, Dow Chem Co, Hysitron Inc, IBM, T J Watson Res Ctr, Lucent Technol, Micron Syst Corp, Novellus Syst Inc, MTS Syst Corp, Seagate Technol Inc AB Low dielectric constant silica films are made using a surfactant templated sol-gel process (K similar to2.5) or an ambient temperature and pressure aerogel process (K similar to1.5). This paper will present the in-situ measurement and analysis of stress development during the making of these films, from the onset of drying till the end of heating. The drying stress is measured by a cantilever beam technique; the thermal stress is measured by monitoring the wafer curvature using a laser deflection method. During the course of drying, the surfactant templated films experience a low drying stress due to the influence of the surfactant on surface tension and extent of siloxane condensation. The aerogel films first develop a biaxial tensile stress due to solidification and initial drying. At the final stage of drying where the drying stress vanishes, dilation of the film recreates the porosity of the wet gel state, reducing the residual stress to zero. For the surfactant templated films, very small residual tensile stress remains after the heat treatment is finished (similar to 30MPa). Aerogel film has almost no measurable stress developed in the calcination process. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis during drying and heating, and TGA/DTA are all used to help understand the stress development. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Lu, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-502-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 594 BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR05C UT WOS:000165506400072 ER PT S AU Choueiri, E AF Choueiri, E GP ESA ESA ESA TI An overview of plasma oscillations in Hall thrusters SO THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPACECRAFT PROPULSION SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Spacecraft Propulsion CY OCT 10-13, 2000 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP CNES, European Space Agcy AB We present an up-to-date quantitative overview of the nature of oscillations in the 1 kHz-60 MHz frequency range that have been observed during operation of Hall thrusters. Contours of various plasma parameters measured inside the accelerating channel of a typical Hall thruster are used to evaluate the various stability criteria and dispersion relations of oscillations that are suspected to occur. A band by band overview of the oscillations is carried out with a description of their observed behavior and a discussion of their nature and dependencies through comparison of the calculated contours to reported observations. The discussion encompasses the excitation of low frequency azimuthal drift waves that can form a rotating spoke, axially propagating "transit-time" oscillations, high frequency azimuthal drift waves, ionization instability-type waves, and wave emission peculiar to weakly ionized inhomogeneous plasma in crossed electric and magnetic fields. C1 Princeton Univ, MAE Dept, Elect Prop & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Choueiri, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, MAE Dept, Elect Prop & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-701-1 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2000 VL 465 BP 287 EP 304 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BS05L UT WOS:000168480600034 ER PT B AU Reisner, JM Knoll, DA Mousseau, VA Linn, RR AF Reisner, JM Knoll, DA Mousseau, VA Linn, RR GP AMS AMS TI New numerical approaches for coupled atmosphere-fire models SO THIRD SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Reisner, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS01L UT WOS:000168322400004 ER PT B AU Linn, R Bossert, J Harlow, F Reisner, J Smith, S AF Linn, R Bossert, J Harlow, F Reisner, J Smith, S GP AMS AMS TI Studying complex wildfire behavior using FIRETEC SO THIRD SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Linn, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS01L UT WOS:000168322400005 ER PT B AU Bossert, JE Linn, RR Reisner, JM Winterkamp, JL Dennison, P Roberts, D AF Bossert, JE Linn, RR Reisner, JM Winterkamp, JL Dennison, P Roberts, D GP AMS AMS TI Coupled atmosphere-fire behavior model sensitivity to spatial fuels characterization SO THIRD SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bossert, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS01L UT WOS:000168322400006 ER PT B AU Buckley, RL Hunter, CH AF Buckley, RL Hunter, CH GP AMS AMS TI Providing meteorological information for controlled burns at the Savannah River Site SO THIRD SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Buckley, RL (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Bldg 773A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 125 EP 129 PG 5 WC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS01L UT WOS:000168322400035 ER PT J AU Eppler, AS Zhu, J Anderson, EA Somorjai, GA AF Eppler, AS Zhu, J Anderson, EA Somorjai, GA TI Model catalysts fabricated by electron beam lithography: AFM and TPD surface studies and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of cyclohexene plus H-2 on a Pt nanoparticle array supported by silica SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Pt/SiO2 model catalysts; cyclohexene hydrogenation/dehydrogenation; Pt nanoparticle characterization; electron beam lithography ID SUPPORTED METAL-CATALYSTS; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PRESSURE RANGE; PARTICLE-SIZE; PLATINUM; DEHYDROGENATION; HYDROGENATION; PHASE AB Pt nanoparticle model catalysts with 28 +/- 2 nm diameters and 100 +/- 2 nm square periodicity have been fabricated with electron beam lithography on silica substrates. The reactivity of the Pt/SiO2 arrays was compared to a Pt foil for cyclohexene + H-2 at 100 degrees C. The overall reactivity of the Pt particle arrays was higher by a factor of two, the selectivity towards dehydrogenation was three times higher, and the rate of deactivation was about the same as for the Pt foil. Since the primary difference between the nanoparticle array and the Pt foil was the interface between the Pt and the SiO2, the interfacial region was most likely responsible for the changes in reactivity on the arrays. Using AFM, SEM, and TPD, the arrays were characterized before and after being exposed to reaction conditions. AFM images of a sample cleaned by ion sputtering showed that the pattern of the Pt nanoparticle array was replicated in the silica during the sputtering process. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 EI 1572-9028 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PY 2000 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1023/A:1009089023367 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 325YJ UT WOS:000087704400004 ER PT J AU Poppa, H AF Poppa, H TI Advanced experimental approach to model studies of supported metal particle systems SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE model catalysis; supported small particles; UHV-TEM; surface analysis ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; GROWTH; UHV; CLUSTERS; ADSORPTION; NUCLEATION; CATALYSIS; STM AB An ambitious experimental system is described which is characterized by total instrumental integration of surface, high-resolution microscopy, and catalytic reaction measurements. The design of this system is based upon an effective combination of different methodic approaches to catalytic model studies that have been used successfully but usually independently in the past. The combination of individually sophisticated experimental techniques has been possible because of major recent advances in the transportation and manipulation of samples in UHV environments. The advantages gained by the application of this experimental approach to the controlled preparation and analysis of particulate metal deposits on a variety of flat and electron transparent refractory oxide supports are discussed. Also, the opportunities created by integrated measurements of gas exposures and catalytic reactions at low and high pressures are explored. As a result, catalytic model studies can be moved closer to their ultimate goal of assisting in the development of improved real world catalysts of technological importance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Poppa, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PY 2000 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1023/A:1009032905620 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 325YJ UT WOS:000087704400014 ER PT J AU Avoyan, A Rupprechter, G Eppler, AS Somorjai, GA AF Avoyan, A Rupprechter, G Eppler, AS Somorjai, GA TI Fabrication and characterization of the Ag-based high-technology model nanocluster catalyst for ethylene epoxidation manufactured by electron beam lithography SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE electron beam lithography; ethylene epoxidation; nanocluster catalyst ID PLATINUM AB Nanocluster catalysis is an area where greater fundamental knowledge is needed to understand the behavior of aggregates of metal atoms in determining product selectivity of chemical reactions. While catalysis is practiced industrially with economic success there is still a great need to eliminate wasteful side-reactions which hurt overall yields. Here we report on fabrication of a Ag-based high-technology model nanocluster catalyst by using electron beam lithography (EBL) designed for systematic studies of the ethylene epoxidation reaction. The catalyst is made of a square array of cylinder-shaped Ag nanoclusters that are 200 Angstrom in diameter, deposited on a four inch silicon wafer, precovered with a 100 Angstrom thick film of alpha-alumina. The height of the particles and interparticle distance can vary, and were chosen to be 150-300 and 1000 Angstrom, respectively. The high technology catalyst was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thermal stability of Ag nanoclusters in vacuo was investigated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Avoyan, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1023/A:1019116117973 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 287XT UT WOS:000085533300014 ER PT S AU Zurek, WH Bettencourt, LMA Dziarmaga, J Antunes, ND AF Zurek, WH Bettencourt, LMA Dziarmaga, J Antunes, ND BE Bunkov, YM Godfrin, H TI Shards of broken symmetry - Topological defects as traces of the phase transition dynamics SO TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS AND THE NON-EQUILIBRIUM DYNAMICS OF SYMMETRY BREAKING PHASE TRANSITIONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Topological Defects and the Non-Equilibrium Dynamics of Symmetry Breaking Phase Transitions CY FEB 16-26, 1999 CL LES HOUCHES, FRANCE SP NATO ID CENTRAL RAPIDITY REGION; SCALAR FIELD-THEORY; STRING FORMATION; COSMOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS; VORTEX FORMATION; SUPERFLUID HE-3; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; COSMIC STRINGS; EARLY UNIVERSE; QUENCH AB We discuss the origin of topological defects in phase transitions and analyze their role as a "diagnostic tool" in the study of the non-equilibrium dynamics of symmetry breaking. Homogeneous second order phase transitions are the focus of our attention, but the same paradigm is applied to the cross-over and inhomogeneous transitions. The discrepancy between the results in He-3 and He-4 is discussed in the light of recent numerical studies. The possible role of the Ginzburg regime in determining the vortex line density for the case of a quench in He-4 is raised and tentatively dismissed. The difference in the anticipated origin of the dominant signal in the two (He-3 and He-4) cases is pointed out and the resulting consequences for the subsequent decay of vorticity are noted. The possibility of a significant discrepancy between the effective field theory and (quantum) kinetic theory descriptions of the order parameter is briefly touched upon, using atomic Bose-Einstein condensates as an example. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zurek, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-6204-7 J9 NATO ADV SCI I C-MAT PY 2000 VL 549 BP 77 EP 103 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BR41U UT WOS:000166342400004 ER PT J AU Corley, RA Gordon, SM Wallace, LA AF Corley, RA Gordon, SM Wallace, LA TI Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of the temperature-dependent dermal absorption of chloroform by humans following bath water exposures SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE chloroform; PBPK modeling; dermal bioavailability; temperature dependence; human ID INDOOR SWIMMING POOLS; SKIN BLOOD-FLOW; CHLORINATED TAP WATER; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; VOLATILE CHEMICALS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; BODY BURDEN; RATS; TRIHALOMETHANES; CIRCULATION AB The kinetics of chloroform in the exhaled breath of human volunteers exposed skin-only via bath water (concentrations < 100 ppb) were analyzed using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Significant increases in exhaled chloroform (and thus bioavailability) were observed as exposure temperatures were increased from 30 to 40 degrees C, The blood flows to the skin and effective skin permeability coefficients (Kp) were both varied to reflect the temperature-dependent changes in physiology and exhalation kinetics. At 40 degrees C, no differences were observed between males and females. Therefore, Kps were determined (similar to 0.06 cm/hr) at a skin blood how rate of 18% of the cardiac output. At 30 and 35 degrees C, males exhaled more chloroform than females, resulting in lower effective Kps calculated for females. At these lower temperatures, the blood flow to the skin was also reduced. Total amounts of chloroform absorbed averaged 41.9 and 43.6 mu g for males and 11.5 and 39.9 mu g for females exposed at 35 and 40 degrees C, respectively. At 30 degrees C, only 2/5 males and 1/5 females had detectable concentrations of chloroform in their exhaled breath. For perspective, the total intake of chloroform would have ranged from 79-194 mu g if the volunteers had consumed 2 liters of water orally at the concentrations used in this study. Thus, the relative contribution of dermal uptake of chloroform to the total body burdens associated with bathing for 30 min and drinking 2 liters of water (ignoring contributions from inhalation exposures) was predicted to range from 1 to 28%, depending on the temperature of the bath. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Corley, RA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, POB 999,P7-59,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 43 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1093/toxsci/53.1.13 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 273TK UT WOS:000084723400003 PM 10653516 ER PT J AU Holmes, SL Ward, RC Galambos, JD Strickler, DJ AF Holmes, SL Ward, RC Galambos, JD Strickler, DJ TI A method for optimization of pharmacokinetic models SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithm; nicotine; optimization; pharmacokinetic modeling ID NICOTINE AB The authors have developed a method for optimizing nonlinear physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models using Lagrangian-based or genetic algorithms. The optimization method is demonstrated using PBPK models for pharmacokinetics of nicotine, in which parameters that are not well established can be systematically varied to obtain optimized solutions based on experimental data. The method provides valuable guidance in the determination of these model parameters. The PBPK model for nicotine was developed in C and linked with the ordinary differential equation package, CVODE. The model can, be run either stand-alone or under the control of an optimization package. The optimization is performed using SuperCode, running either a Lagrangian-based (VMCON) or a genetic algorithm-based (GALIB) optimizer. To reduce computational time, SuperCode can carry out the optimization in parallel, utilizing the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) message-passing software. Both the VMCON and GALLS optimizing algorithms have been used to fit the model to experimental data for humans and Sprague-Dawley rats with good results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 288FG UT WOS:000085551300003 ER PT J AU Ryon, MG Beauchamp, JJ Roy, WK Schilling, E Carrico, BA Hinzman, RL AF Ryon, MG Beauchamp, JJ Roy, WK Schilling, E Carrico, BA Hinzman, RL TI Stream dispersal of dead fish and survey effectiveness in a simulated fish kill SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The dispersal and recovery effectiveness of tagged dead fish were determined in a simulated stream fish kill. Two experiments were conducted under different flow regimes within a 2.3-km section of headwater stream. The first experiment used 120 tagged dead fish that were released at three locations when the mean daily flow was 153 L/s. In six surveys conducted over 2 d, we found that a majority of fish (58%) were dispersed less than 35 m. Fish that were dispersed more than 35 m traveled quickly and traversed significant distances (up to 605 m). A unique distribution pattern was noted at each site, ranging from very limited to widespread dispersal for most fish. The second experiment used 216 tagged fish that were released at the same locations when the mean daily flow was 771 L/s. In six surveys conducted over 2 d, we found that 70% of the fish were dispersed more than 35 m. As in the first experiment, a range of dispersal patterns was found. In both experiments, surveys of tagged fish were effective, with 33 to 85% of fish found in each survey on the first day and with 81 to 93% of the released fish seen at some point during the experiments. However, daily surveys for dead fish may underestimate actual mortality, in part because there is substantial removal by scavengers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Biol Monitoring & Abatement Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. David Lipscomb Univ, Dept Math, Nashville, TN 37204 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Procurement Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Amer Aquat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tillamook Bay Natl Estuary Program, Garibaldi, OR 97118 USA. RP Ryon, MG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Biol Monitoring & Abatement Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 129 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0089:SDODFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 349ZV UT WOS:000089076300007 ER PT J AU Geist, DR Abernethy, CS Blanton, SL Cullinan, VI AF Geist, DR Abernethy, CS Blanton, SL Cullinan, VI TI The use of electromyogram telemetry to estimate energy expenditure of adult fall chinook salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; BIOTELEMETRY; METABOLISM; GAIRDNERI; RIVER AB Excess energy expenditure during the upstream migration of adult fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchas tshawytscha may reduce spawning success or lead to increased prespawning mortality. Recent advances in biotelemetry make it possible to assess the energetic costs of upstream migration. Our objectives were to evaluate the use of physiological telemetry to estimate the energy expended by adult fall chinook salmon at different swimming velocities and to compare these data to those associated with other species of salmonids. An electromyogram (EMG) telemetry system was used to obtain, transmit, and record an integrated EMG pulse signal that represented the time between muscle contractions. The EMG telemetry system provides a means to evaluate the effects of structural or operational changes in the hydropower system on energy expenditure and reproductive success of upstream migrant adult salmon. Seven adult salmon (71.5 to 106 cm fork length [FL]) were tagged and exercised in a respirometer at 15 and 20 degrees C. The EMG pulse rates were similar between temperatures tested, but small fish (less than or equal to 90 cm FL) had a greater pulse rate than did large fish (>90 cm FL). Oxygen consumption was related to swimming velocity, and approximately 76% of the variance in oxygen consumption could be explained by a model that included EMG pulse rate and fish size-class designation. The results of our study showed that adult fall chinook salmon had similar swimming performances when compared with other salmonids, and EMG transmitters could be used to assess activity rates (and oxygen consumption) in wild migrating fall chinook salmon. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Ecol Proc Grp, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Geist, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Mail Stop K6-85,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 129 IS 1 BP 126 EP 135 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0126:TUOETT>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 349ZV UT WOS:000089076300010 ER PT S AU Hwang, HL Greene, DL Chin, SM Gibson, AA AF Hwang, HL Greene, DL Chin, SM Gibson, AA GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TI Real-time indicators of vehicle kilometers of travel and congestion - One year of experience SO TRANSPORTATION DATA, STATISTICS, AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Automated traffic data posted on the Internet by four cities have been continuously downloaded, processed, and archived for more than I year by an automated system developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and funded by the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Although the experimental system is far from national in scale and scope, it has shown that automated collection and processing of local traffic data via the Internet for national purposes is feasible and practical. Strong seasonal patterns make it too early to estimate statistical models of traffic growth, but comparisons of the same months in 1998 and 1999 indicate changes ranging from I percent to 3 percent for the monitored systems. Direct measurements of delay on the monitored systems are lower than published estimates for previous years. Although some progress in the input of missing data has been made, missing data are still a major problem, and better methods are needed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hwang, HL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 3156,MS-6073, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06696-4 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1719 BP 209 EP 214 AR UNSP 00-1464 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU58N UT WOS:000176425400027 ER PT S AU Barrett, B Ran, B Pillai, R AF Barrett, B Ran, B Pillai, R GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TI Developing a dynamic traffic management modeling framework for hurricane evacuation SO TRANSPORTATION NETWORK PLANNING: PLANNING AND ADMINSTRATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Evacuation is becoming increasingly difficult as the population of hurricane-prone regions continues to grow dramatically. In addition, development in coastal communities in the United States is expected to continue to greatly outpace new construction and improvements to the highway infrastructure. Consequently, there is a great need for hurricane evacuation models, which allow emergency response personnel to develop effective evacuation plans and management strategies. The development of a dynamic hurricane evacuation modeling framework is described, which can be used for long-term and short-term planning purposes as well as for real-time operational purposes. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barrett, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2256 Engn Hall,1425 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06736-7 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1733 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU59G UT WOS:000176463700015 ER PT J AU Gunderson, CA Norby, RJ Wullschleger, SD AF Gunderson, CA Norby, RJ Wullschleger, SD TI Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration to simulated climatic warming in northern and southern populations of Acer saccharum: laboratory and field evidence SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; adaptation; climatic warming; global change; photosynthesis; respiration; sugar maple ID LEAF DARK RESPIRATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; TEMPERATURE; FORESTS; GROWTH; ADAPTATION; SEEDLINGS; MODELS AB Physiological acclimation and genotypic adaptation to prevailing temperatures may influence forest responses to future climatic warming. We examined photosynthetic and respiratory responses of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) from two portions of the species' range for evidence of both phenomena in a laboratory study with seedlings. A field study was also conducted to assess the impacts of temperature acclimation on saplings subjected to an imposed temperature manipulation (4 degrees C above ambient temperature). The two seedling populations exhibited more evidence of physiological acclimation to warming than of ecotypic adaptation, although respiration was less sensitive to short-term warming in the southern population than in the northern population. In both seedling populations, thermal compensation increased photosynthesis by 14% and decreased respiration by 10% in the warm-acclimated groups. Saplings growing in open-top field chambers at ambient temperature and 4 degrees C above ambient temperature showed evidence of temperature acclimation, but photosynthesis did not increase in response to the 4 degrees C warming. On the contrary, photosynthetic rates measured at the prevailing chamber temperature throughout three growing seasons were similar, or lower (12% lower on average) in saplings maintained at 4 degrees C above ambient temperature compared with saplings maintained at ambient temperature. However, the long-term photosynthetic temperature optimum for saplings in the field experiment was higher than it was for seedlings in either the 27 or the 31 degrees C growth chamber. Respiratory acclimation was also evident in the saplings in the field chambers. Saplings had similar rates of respiration in both temperature treatments, and respiration showed little dependence on prevailing temperature during the growing season. We conclude that photosynthesis and respiration in sugar maple have the potential for physiological acclimation to temperature, but exhibit a low degree of genetic adaptation. Some of the potential for acclimation to a 4 degrees C increase above a background of naturally fluctuating temperatures may be offset by differences in water relations, and, in the long term, may be obscured by the inherent variability in rates under field conditions. Nevertheless, physiologically based models should incorporate seasonal acclimation to temperature and permit ecotypic differences to influence model outcomes for those species with high genetic differentiation between regions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gunderson, CA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008 MS-6422, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 40 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 6 U2 31 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 20 IS 2 BP 87 EP 96 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282BX UT WOS:000085197100002 ER PT J AU Amthor, JS AF Amthor, JS TI Direct effect of elevated CO2 on nocturnal in situ leaf respiration in nine temperate deciduous tree species is small SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acer atmospheric CO2 concentration; Cercis; CO2 efflux; Liquidambar; Liriodendron; nighttime respiration; Prunus; Quercus; Ulmus ID ROOT RESPIRATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PONDEROSA PINE; GAS-EXCHANGE; SOIL CO2; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NITROGEN; LEAVES AB Direct(i.e., short-term) effects of elevated CO2 on nocturnal in situ leaf respiration rate were measured in nine deciduous tree species (seven genera) in 20 3.5-4.0-h experiments. During the experiments, CO2 concentration was alternated between 400 and 800 ppm (approximately 40 and 80 Pa of CO2). Data analysis accounted for effects on respiration rate of the normal decline in temperature with time after sunset. The median response to a 40-Pa increase in CO2 was a 1.5% decrease in respiration rate, with responses ranging from a 5.6% inhibition to a 0.4% stimulation. Direct effects of elevated CO2 on respiration were similar among the species. Thus, the response of nocturnal leaf respiration rate to a short-term CO2 increase was small, and of little practical importance to the accuracy of measurements of respiration involving similar changes in CO2 concentration during measurement. These direct respiratory responses of leaves to elevated CO2 would translate into only slight, if any, effects on the carbon balance of temperate deciduous forests in a future atmosphere containing as much as 80 Pa CO2. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Amthor, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Mail Stop 6422,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016 OI Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100 NR 28 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 12 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 20 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282BX UT WOS:000085197100008 ER PT S AU Saponjic, ZV Rajh, T Nedeljkovic, JM Thurnauer, MC AF Saponjic, ZV Rajh, T Nedeljkovic, JM Thurnauer, MC BE Uskokovic, DP Battiston, GA Nedeljkovic, JM Milonjic, SK Rakovic, DI TI Photoinduced deposition of copper on nanocrystalline TiO2 films SO TRENDS IN ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSES SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Yugoslov-Materials-Research-Society Conference CY SEP 20-24, 1999 CL HERCEG-NOVI, YUGOSLAVIA SP Fed Republic Yugoslavia, Minist Dev, Sci & Environm, Republic Serbia, Minist Sci & Technol, ZAMTES, Inst Inorgan Chem, Inorgan Technol & Adv Mat, Yugoslav Mat Res Soc DE nanocrystalline; photoinduced metal deposition; surface modification; TiO2 films ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; NANOPARTICLES; COLLOIDS; EPR AB Nanocrystalline TiO2 films were prepared on glass supports by the dip coating technique using colloidal solutions consisting of 45 Angstrom particles as a precursor in order to probe the feasibility of exploiting solid state photocatalytic reactions for efficient metal deposition. Photoirradiation of nanocrystalline TiO2 films modified with the terdentate ligand (arginine) that covalently binds to the surface of TiO2 and at the same time chelate metal ions at the surface of TiO2 induced reduction of copper ions to metallic copper. Optical properties of the deposited metallic film as well as the possibility to apply this simple procedure in lithography are discussed. C1 Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Saponjic, ZV (reprint author), Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, POB 522, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-859-1 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 352 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BS04U UT WOS:000168448800013 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A AF Erdemir, A TI A crystal-chemical approach to lubrication by solid oxides SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lubricious oxides; high temperature; solid lubrication; crystal chemistry ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ASSISTED DEPOSITION; SILVER FILMS; CERAMICS; WEAR; FRICTION; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; GASES AB This paper introduces a new approach to the selection, classification, and mechanistic understanding of lubricious oxides that are used to combat friction and wear at elevated temperatures. Specifically, it describes a crystal-chemical model that enables one to predict the shear rheology or lubricity of an oxide or oxide mixture at elevated temperatures. This model can be used to formulate new alloy compositions or composite oxide structures that can provide low friction at high temperatures. In the case of composite oxides, the model allows one to estimate the solubility limits, chemical reactivity, compound forming tendencies, as well as the lowering of the melting point of one oxide when a second oxide is present. From a tribological standpoint, a prior knowledge of these details is important because they are strongly related to the extent of adhesive interactions, shear rheology, and hence to lubricity of oxides. In light of certain crystal-chemical considerations, general guidelines are provided for the selection of those oxides that can provide low friction at high temperatures. The major goal of this paper is to establish model relationships between relevant crystal-chemical and tribological properties of oxides that can be used as lubricants at high temperatures. Such a model may help eliminate guesswork in high-temperature lubrication and provide a new means to address the difficult lubrication problems experienced at high temperatures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Erdemir, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 49 TC 118 Z9 128 U1 11 U2 47 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PY 2000 VL 8 IS 2-3 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1023/A:1019183101329 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 340CR UT WOS:000088516000003 ER PT B AU Laughton, C AF Laughton, C BE Zhao, J Shirlaw, JN Krishnan, R TI Planning the construction of an underground high energy physics facility dedicated to the study of neutrino particles SO TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Tunnels and Underground Structures CY NOV 26-29, 2000 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP Tunnelling & Underground Construct Soc AB A new high energy physics experiment to study the neutrino, a small, uncharged sub-atomic particle, has recently been approved for construction in the United States by the US Department of Energy. To conduct the experiment, a beam of neutrinos will be created and oscillations in their state measured by the use of two neutrino detectors, located 735 km apart, in the states of Illinois and Minnesota. The particle beam equipment and the "near" detector will be constructed underground at an existing laboratory site, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), located some 55 km west of Chicago, in northeastern Illinois. The beam, created at Fermilab, will travel through the earth's crust to a second or "far" detector located over half a kilometer underground, at the base of an existing mine shaft, in northern Minnesota. At the Fermilab site, the apparatus used to generate and align the beam of neutrinos will be housed in a complex of tunnels, chambers and two access shafts, referred to collectively as the Neutrinos at Main Injector or NuMI facility. The total length of this complex will be approximately 1300 m, excavated at depths below grade of between 10 to 100 m. This paper describes the main steps used in the design of the NuMI Facility. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Laughton, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-171-6 PY 2000 BP 659 EP 663 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BR36E UT WOS:000166190500086 ER PT B AU Rofer, CK Kaasik, T AF Rofer, CK Kaasik, T BE Rofer, CK Kaasik, T TI Turning a problem into a resource: Remediation and waste management at the Sillamae site, Estonia - Introduction and recommendations SO TURNING A PROBLEM INTO A RESOURCE: REMEDIATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT AT THE SILLAMAE SITE, ESTONIA SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nato Advanced Research Workshop on Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamae Site CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL TALLINN, ESTONIA SP Okosil Ltd, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Silmet Grp C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rofer, CK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6186-5 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 28 BP XI EP XVI PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR41F UT WOS:000166322100001 ER PT B AU Nyhan, JW Schofield, TG Salazar, JA AF Nyhan, JW Schofield, TG Salazar, JA BE Rofer, CK Kaasik, T TI A field study of capillary and hydraulic barriers in landfill covers varying in slope at Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA SO TURNING A PROBLEM INTO A RESOURCE: REMEDIATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT AT THE SILLAMAE SITE, ESTONIA SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nato Advanced Research Workshop on Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamae Site CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL TALLINN, ESTONIA SP Okosil Ltd, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Silmet Grp ID DESIGNS; SYSTEM C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nyhan, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Mail Stop J-495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6186-5 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 28 BP 139 EP 152 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR41F UT WOS:000166322100019 ER PT B AU Worl, LM Hill, D Padilla, DD Prenger, FC Roth, E AF Worl, LM Hill, D Padilla, DD Prenger, FC Roth, E BE Rofer, CK Kaasik, T TI Magnetic separation for rare earth oxide recovery at Sillamae, Estonia SO TURNING A PROBLEM INTO A RESOURCE: REMEDIATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT AT THE SILLAMAE SITE, ESTONIA SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nato Advanced Research Workshop on Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamae Site CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL TALLINN, ESTONIA SP Okosil Ltd, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Silmet Grp C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Worl, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6186-5 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 28 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR41F UT WOS:000166322100029 ER PT B AU Rubin, JB Taylor, CMV Paviet-Hartmann, P Hartmann, T AF Rubin, JB Taylor, CMV Paviet-Hartmann, P Hartmann, T BE Rofer, CK Kaasik, T TI Ash cements stabilized by supercritical CO2 carbonation for tailings pond overlayer SO TURNING A PROBLEM INTO A RESOURCE: REMEDIATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT AT THE SILLAMAE SITE, ESTONIA SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nato Advanced Research Workshop on Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamae Site CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL TALLINN, ESTONIA SP Okosil Ltd, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Silmet Grp ID OIL-SHALE C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Chem Technol Grp, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rubin, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Chem Technol Grp, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6186-5 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 28 BP 253 EP 263 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR41F UT WOS:000166322100032 ER PT B AU Dziewinski, J Marczak, S AF Dziewinski, J Marczak, S BE Rofer, CK Kaasik, T TI A novel chemical nitrate destruction process SO TURNING A PROBLEM INTO A RESOURCE: REMEDIATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT AT THE SILLAMAE SITE, ESTONIA SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nato Advanced Research Workshop on Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamae Site CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL TALLINN, ESTONIA SP Okosil Ltd, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Silmet Grp ID SUPERCRITICAL WATER; DRINKING-WATER; WASTE-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; OXIDATION; REMOVAL; REDUCTION; NITRITE; CATALYSTS; PLATINUM C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dziewinski, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6186-5 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 28 BP 265 EP 273 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR41F UT WOS:000166322100033 ER PT B AU Hughes, DA Hansen, N AF Hughes, DA Hansen, N BE Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Suryanarayana, C Thadhani, NN Lowe, TC TI Characterization of sub-micrometer structures in heavily deformed metals over the entire misorientation angle range SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials at the 2000TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, MPMD Div ID ORIENTATION AB Grain subdivision during deformation results in a distribution of low to high angle deformation induced boundaries surrounding nanometer to micrometer scaled volumes. Key characteristics, which include boundary morphology, spacing and misorientation angles, are quantified as a function of the deformation using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and TEM Kikuchi diffraction. With increasing deformation these boundaries refine the microstructure and the fraction of high angle boundaries increases. Different deformation modes and material types modify the boundary morphology, spacing and misorientation angle. A comparison is made between monotonic deformation by rolling or simple shear and more complex non-monotonic deformation paths such as cyclic-extrusion-compression (CEC) and equal-channel-angle-extrusion (ECAE). Deformation of composite materials is also compared. To make good comparisons, key parameters must be identified, defined, and measured. It is shown that these deformation induced boundaries are distinct from known grain structures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Engn Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hughes, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Engn Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-472-0 PY 2000 BP 195 EP 205 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ57P UT WOS:000088805300019 ER PT B AU Korth, GE Lillo, TM Macheret, J Flinn, JE AF Korth, GE Lillo, TM Macheret, J Flinn, JE BE Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Suryanarayana, C Thadhani, NN Lowe, TC TI Ultrafine grained materials by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) processing SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials at the 2000TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, MPMD Div AB Ultrafine grains were obtained in several alloys by processing with ECAE. Materials processed were Copper Alloy 101 (OFE), Copper Alloy 260 (70/30 brass), high purity aluminum (99.999%), and Aluminum Alloy 1100. Ultrafine grains (<1 mu m) were produced with multiple passes through the ECAE die. Mechanical property and microstructural analysis of as processed and annealed material showed the grain stability to be much less in the high purity materials than was observed in the more "dirty" alloys. ECAE processing produces a very high level of stored energy in the microstructure which provides a strong driving force for recovery and recrystallization at relatively low annealing temperatures if grain boundaries are relatively clean. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Korth, GE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-472-0 PY 2000 BP 225 EP 233 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ57P UT WOS:000088805300022 ER PT B AU Misra, A Verdier, M Kung, H Nastasi, M Embury, JD Hirth, JP AF Misra, A Verdier, M Kung, H Nastasi, M Embury, JD Hirth, JP BE Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Suryanarayana, C Thadhani, NN Lowe, TC TI Strengthening mechanisms in ultra-fine scale metallic multilayers SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials at the 2000TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, MPMD Div ID NANOLAYERED COMPOSITES; YIELD STRESS; CU; MICROSTRUCTURE; FILMS AB Refinement of the microstructures in metallic multilayers from the micrometer-scale to the nanometer-scale often results in a break down of classical Hall-Petch model relating strength to the microstructural length scale. The critical length scale at which this continuum pile-up behavior breaks down is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. On the experimental side, mechanical properties of sputtered Cu-Cr and Cu-Nb multilayers having different shear moduli mismatch between layers and lattice misfit strain between layers are evaluated by nanoindentation. On the theoretical side, two-dimensional maps that show layer thickness and grain size ranges over which different deformation mechanisms operate are constructed using dislocation theory. The deformation mechanisms operative below the critical length scale at which Hall-Petch type model breaks down are discussed. By correlating the deformation mechanism maps with the experimental data, we show that these maps serve as guidelines for interpreting the scale-dependent deformation mechanisms in multilayers. The effects of factors besides length scale that may influence the transition from one mechanism to another are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, Mail Stop K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-472-0 PY 2000 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ57P UT WOS:000088805300029 ER PT B AU Herling, DR Smith, MT AF Herling, DR Smith, MT BE Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Suryanarayana, C Thadhani, NN Lowe, TC TI Superplastic microstructure of modified AA-5083 aluminum alloy processed by equal channel angular extrusion SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials at the 2000TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, MPMD Div ID RECRYSTALLIZATION AB Current processing methods that are used to develop fine grain superplastic microstructures in aluminum alloys involve extensive hot and cold deformation steps, usually in the form of hot and cold rolling. This approach has distinct limitations that can have a significant influence on the cost and quality of superplastic forming (SPF) grades of aluminum sheet. First, the extensive cold rolling required for SPF aluminum sheet typically results in substantial edge cracking and overall yield losses. The second limitation is that the high levels of hot and cold work necessary to achieve the desired microstructure requires starting with a very large ingot size, while the final product is usually limited to thin gage sheet. In addition, through conventional rolling thermal-mechanical-processing (TMP) schedules, the microstructure is typically limited to 5-10 mu m grain size. An improvement in SPF performance can be achieved with the development of a smaller-grain equiaxed microstructure less than or equal to 1 mu m. The Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) process offers several potential advantages in the processing of SPF grade aluminum alloys. The ability of the ECAE process to achieve high levels of work through localized shearing can be used to develop a well defined subgrain structure and provide a mechanism for distributing the eutectic constituent particles and dispersoids that play a critical role in the recrystallization process and resulting thermally stable fine grain size. In addition, with ECAE there is the unique ability to achieve these desirable microstructures in bulk form, without reducing the dimensions of the starting material, as is the case in conventional processing of SPF materials. The objective of this work was to process, via ECAE, a 5000-series aluminum alloy in bulk form to produce a fine grain (similar to 1 mu m) thermally stable SPF microstructure. Previous work performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory on modified 5000-series alloys identified several compositional features that assist in developing a fine, thermally stable microstructure required for SPF. These modifications, which include an increase in Mn level and the addition of Zr, develop fine dispersoids that assist in grain refinement and control excessive grain growth at SPF temperatures. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Herling, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-472-0 PY 2000 BP 411 EP 420 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ57P UT WOS:000088805300040 ER PT J AU Kaduchak, G Sinha, DN Lizon, DC Kelecher, MJ AF Kaduchak, G Sinha, DN Lizon, DC Kelecher, MJ TI A non-contact technique for evaluation of elastic structures at large stand-off distances: applications to classification of fluids in steel vessels SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE air-coupled ultrasound; lamb wave; non-destructive testing; parametric array; remote characterization ID LASER GENERATION; WAVES; TRANSDUCERS; SOUND AB A novel technique for non-contact evaluation of structures in air at large stand-off distances (on the order of several meters) has been developed. It utilizes a recently constructed air-coupled, parametric acoustic array to excite the resonance vibrations of elastic, fluid-filled vessels. The parametric array is advantageous for NDE applications in that it is capable of producing a much narrower beamwidth and broader bandwidth than typical devices that operate under linear acoustic principles. In the present experiments, the array operates at a carrier frequency of 217 kHz, and the sound field several meters from the source is described spectrally by the envelope of the drive voltage. An operating bandwidth of more than 25 kHz at a center frequency of 15 kHz is demonstrated. For the present application, the array is used to excite vibrations of fluid-filled, steel containers at stand-off distances of greater than 3 m. The vibratory response of a container is detected with a laser vibrometer in a monostatic configuration with the acoustic source. By analyzing the change in the response of the lowest order, antisymmetric Lamb wave as the interior fluid loading conditions of the container are changed, the fluid contained within the steel vessel is classified. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaduchak, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 8 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1016/S0041-624X(99)00109-2 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 287DR UT WOS:000085490200002 PM 11243456 ER PT S AU Ladd, MD Alam, MK Sleefe, GE Nguyen, HD AF Ladd, MD Alam, MK Sleefe, GE Nguyen, HD BE Carapezza, EM Hintz, TM TI Seismic and acoustic signal identification algorithms SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications II CY APR 26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE detection; identification; seismic analysis; acoustics; unattended ground sensors AB This paper will describe an algorithm for detecting and classifying seismic and acoustic signals for unattended ground sensors. The algorithm must be computationally efficient and continuously process a data stream in order to establish whether or not a desired signal has changed state (turned-on or off). The paper will focus on describing a Fourier-based technique that compares the running power spectral density estimate of the data to a predetermined signature in order to determine if the desired signal has changed state. How to establish the signature and the detection thresholds will be discussed as well as the theoretical statistics of the algorithm for the Gaussian noise case with results from simulated data. Actual seismic data results will also be discussed along with techniques used to reduce false alarm due to the inherent nonstationary noise environments found with actual data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ladd, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3666-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4040 BP 106 EP 120 DI 10.1117/12.392574 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR35M UT WOS:000166174300013 ER PT S AU Elbring, GJ Garbin, HD Ladd, MD AF Elbring, GJ Garbin, HD Ladd, MD BE Carapezza, EM Hintz, TM TI A comparison of methods for 3D target localization from seismic and acoustic signatures SO UNATTENDED GROUND SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications II CY APR 26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE target localization; unattended ground sensors; seismic analysis AB An important application of seismic and acoustic unattended ground sensors (UGS) is the estimation of the three dimensional position of an emitting target. Seismic and acoustic data derived from UGS systems provide the raw information to determine these locations, but can be processed and analyzed in a number of ways using varying amounts of auxiliary information. Processing methods to improve arrival time picking for continuous wave sources and methods for determining and defining the seismic velocity model are the primary variables affecting the localization accuracy. Results using field data collected from an underground facility have shown that using an iterative time picking technique significantly improves the accuracy of the resulting derived target location. Other processing techniques show little advantage over simple crosscorrelation alone in terms of accuracy, but may improve the ease with which time picks can be made. An average velocity model found through passive listening or a velocity model determined from a calibration source near the target source both result in similar location accuracies. Surprisingly, the use of average station corrections severely increases the location error. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Elbring, GJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS07050, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3666-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4040 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1117/12.392578 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR35M UT WOS:000166174300017 ER PT B AU Bakalis, OL AF Bakalis, OL BE BarYam, Y TI Modeling fractal patterns with Genetic Algorithm solutions to a variant of the inverse problem for Iterated Function Systems (IFS) SO UNIFYING THEMES IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS SE NEW ENGLAND COMPLEX SYSTEMS INSTITUTE SERIES ON COMPLEXITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Complex Systems CY OCT 25-30, 1998 CL NEW ENGLAND COMPLEX SYST INST, NASHUA, NH SP Oxford Univ Press, Natl Sci Fdn, Coopers & Lybrand Consulting, McKinsey & Co, Addison Wesley Longman Publisher, John Benjamin Publisher, Santa Fe Inst, Soc Chaos Theory Psychol & Life Sci, Boston Univ, Coll Engn HO NEW ENGLAND COMPLEX SYST INST AB We investigate the use of Iterated Function Systems (IFS) for modeling 2 dimensional fractal structures by seeking solutions to a variant of the Inverse IFS Problem: Given a fractal pattern we are looking for parameters in 24 dimensions for a small set of contractive affine maps and their associated probabilities which constitute the IFS. Upon iteration the IFS solution produces an attractor with the characteristics which describe the image under consideration. We define the "Mandelbrot set" for a 3-map IFS family, and demonstrate the complexity of the error hypersurface on a cross section within it. We therefore chose, for an automated search, a Genetic Algorithm (GA). We designed a general objective function, incorporating the specified errors, to accomodate two different classes of IFS attractors, namely "just touching" and "minimally overlapping". Solutions obtained with the GA, in the 24 dimensional parameter space, meet the desired specifications which characterize the given pattern to within the prescribed discretization. The solutions are applicable to modeling spatial or temporal fractal structures, which exhibit scale invariance and power laws. such as those encountered during critical phenomena. An IFS model allows us to study the system under consideration which belongs to the same universality class as the model. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bakalis, OL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERSEUS PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA 11 CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 0-7382-0049-2 J9 NEW ENGL COMPL SYST PY 2000 BP 85 EP 101 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BP77W UT WOS:000086160100010 ER PT B AU Patterson, R Daly, T Garrett, D Siantar, CH House, R May, S AF Patterson, R Daly, T Garrett, D Siantar, CH House, R May, S BE Schlegel, W Bortfeld, T TI PEREGRINE: Bringing Monte Carlo based treatment planning calculations to today's clinic SO USE OF COMPUTERS IN RADIATION THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Direx Syst GmbH, Gammex RMI GmbH, MDS Nordion Therapy Syst, Multidata Syst Duetschland GmbH, Phys Med & Biol, Siemens Med Technik, Varian Med Syst Int AG C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Patterson, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67176-5 PY 2000 BP 417 EP 419 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ45R UT WOS:000088386600158 ER PT B AU Stacey, C AF Stacey, C GP USENIX USENIX TI Remote windows NT administration using windows CE handheld devices SO USENIX ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD LARGE INSTALLATION SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION OF WINDOWS NT/2000 CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Large Installation System Administration of Windows NT/2000 Conference CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Usenix, Adv Comp Syst Assoc, SAGE AB As a systems administrator on call at any time of day, I want to explore ways to manage the environment and handle emergencies remotely. In this paper, I look at a number of options for remote administration using compact devices. While the most obvious form of remote administration is a laptop computer, not every organization has the budget to provide these to their systems administrators. Also, in some situations, even a laptop computer is too large to carry around conveniently. Therefore, I evaluated three devices to determine their usefulness for remote administration. While concentrating on Windows CE devices, I included a Palm Computing handheld for comparison purposes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stacey, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-880446-19-7 PY 2000 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BR72Q UT WOS:000167335700004 ER PT B AU Minnich, R Hendricks, J Webster, D AF Minnich, R Hendricks, J Webster, D GP USENIX USENIX TI The Linux BIOS SO USENIX ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH ANNUAL LINUX SHOWCASE AND CONFERENCE, ATLANTA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Linux Showcase and Conference CY OCT 10-14, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP USENIX Assoc, Atlanta Linux Showcase, Linux Int AB The Linux BIOS replaces the normal BIOS found on PCs, Alphas, and other machines. The BIOS boot and setup is eliminated and replaced by a very simple initialization phase, followed by a gunzip of a Linux kernel. The Linux kernel is then started and from there on the boot proceeds as normal. Current measurements on two mainboards show we can go from a machine power-off state to the "mount root" step in a under a second, depending on the type of hardware in the machine. The actual boot time is difficult to measure accurately at present because it is so small. As the name implies, the LinuxBIOS is primarily Linux. Linux needs a small number of patches to handle uninitialized hardware: about 10 lines of patches so far. Other than that it is an off-the-shelf 2.3.99-pre5 kernel. The LinuxBIOS startup code is about 500 lines of assembly and 1500 lines of C. The Linux BIOS can bout other kernels; it can use the LOBOS(ref) or bootimg(ref) tools for this purpose. Because we are using Linux the boot mechanism can be very flexible. We can boot over standard Ethernet, or over other interconnects such as Myrinet, Quadrix, or Scaleable Coherent Interface. We can use SSH connections to load the kernel, or use InterMezzo or NFS. Using a real operating system to boot another operating system provides much greater flexibility than using a simple netboot program or BIOS such as PXE. LinuxBIOS currently boots from power-off to multiuser login on two mainboards, the Intel L440GX+ and the Procomm PSBT1. We are currently working with industrial partners (Dell, Compaq, SiS, and VIA) to port the LinuxBIOS to other machines. According to one vendor, we should be able to purchase their LinuxBIOS-based mainboards by the end of this year. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Minnich, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-880446-17-0 PY 2000 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR26W UT WOS:000165972000008 ER PT B AU Minnich, R AF Minnich, R GP USENIX USENIX TI LOBOS: (Linux OS Boots OS) Booting a kernel in 32-bit mode SO USENIX ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH ANNUAL LINUX SHOWCASE AND CONFERENCE, ATLANTA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Linux Showcase and Conference CY OCT 10-14, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP USENIX Assoc, Atlanta Linux Showcase, Linux Int AB LOBOS (Linux Os Boots OS) is a system call that allows a running Linux kernel to boot a new kernel, without leaving 32-bit protected mode and, in particular, without using the BIOS in any way. This capability in turn allows Linux to be used as a network bootstrap program and even as a BIOS, both of which we are working on now. In this paper we discuss how LOBOS works, how we use it, and how LOBOS makes Linux usable as a BIOS, replacing the proprietary PC BIOSes we have today. (1). LOBOS has been used by two other groups as a reference implementation for their Linux-boots-Linux system calls. One of these other implementations, bootimg, may become a part of the 2.4 kernel. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Minnich, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-880446-17-0 PY 2000 BP 81 EP 89 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR26W UT WOS:000165972000009 ER PT B AU Bode, B Halstead, DM Kendall, R Lei, Z Hall, W Jackson, D AF Bode, B Halstead, DM Kendall, R Lei, Z Hall, W Jackson, D GP USENIX USENIX TI The portable batch scheduler and the Maui Scheduler on linux clusters SO USENIX ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH ANNUAL LINUX SHOWCASE AND CONFERENCE, ATLANTA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Linux Showcase and Conference CY OCT 10-14, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP USENIX Assoc, Atlanta Linux Showcase, Linux Int AB The motivation for a stable, efficient, backfill scheduler that runs in a consistent manner on multiple hardware platforms and operating systems is outlined and justified in this work. The combination of the Maul Scheduler and the portable Batch System (PBS), are evaluated on several cluster solutions of various size, performance and communications profiles. The total job throughput is simulated in this work, with particular attention given to maximizing resource utilization and to the execution of large parallel jobs. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Scalable Comp Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bode, B (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Scalable Comp Lab, Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-880446-17-0 PY 2000 BP 217 EP 224 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR26W UT WOS:000165972000024 ER PT B AU Kent, A Clifford, J AF Kent, A Clifford, J GP USENIX USENIX TI Network information management and distribution in a heterogeneous and decentralized enterprise environment SO USENIX ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION CONFERENCE (LISA XIV) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Systems Administration Conference CY DEC 03-08, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP USENIX Assoc, Syst Adm Guild AB To promote enterprise-wide information and resource sharing, we have implemented a network information management and distribution system that gives subscribing systems real-time access to relevant information changes. Participating systems need little more than a small, single application to receive the updates. User interaction and data administration require only a web browser. The resulting system is timely, reliable, secure, easy to support and maintain, and extensible. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Network Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kent, A (reprint author), MS B255, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-880446-13-8 PY 2000 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR87E UT WOS:000167889500009 ER PT B AU Navarro, JP Nickless, B Winkler, L AF Navarro, JP Nickless, B Winkler, L GP USENIX USENIX TI Combining Cisco NetFlow exports with relational database technology for usage statistics, intrusion detection, and network forensics SO USENIX ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION CONFERENCE (LISA XIV) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Systems Administration Conference CY DEC 03-08, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP USENIX Assoc, Syst Adm Guild AB Argonne National Laboratory operates a complex internal network with a large number of external network peerings. A requirement of this network is that it be monitored with minimal impact on traffic. Cisco NetFlow technology provides the information necessary to monitor such a network, but the data from NetFlow must be captured and analyzed. We present a system that uses a high-powered relational database to manage the data. Our primary motivations in building this system were to learn whether or not database technology was an appropriate tool for this situation and to understand what types of questions about the network could be answered with such a system. This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Navarro, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA BN 1-880446-13-8 PY 2000 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR87E UT WOS:000167889500028 ER PT S AU Guzik, JA AF Guzik, JA BE Ibanoglu, C TI Introduction to asteroseismology of delta Scuti stars SO VARIABLE STARS AS ESSENTIAL ASTROPHYSICAL TOOLS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Variable Stars as Essential Astrophysical Tools CY AUG 31-SEP 10, 1998 CL CESME, TURKEY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div ID ARBITRARY ROTATION LAWS; PULSATION FREQUENCIES; STELLAR OSCILLATIONS; PHOTOMETRY; EVOLUTION; VIRGINIS; CAMPAIGN; MODEL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guzik, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA, MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM joy@lanl.gov NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-6083-4 J9 NATO ADV SCI I C-MAT PY 2000 VL 544 BP 213 EP 225 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR41S UT WOS:000166342200005 ER PT S AU Deupree, RG Guzik, JA AF Deupree, RG Guzik, JA BE Ibanoglu, C TI Evolution and hydrodynamics of rotating stars SO VARIABLE STARS AS ESSENTIAL ASTROPHYSICAL TOOLS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Variable Stars as Essential Astrophysical Tools CY AUG 31-SEP 10, 1998 CL CESME, TURKEY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div ID STELLAR EVOLUTION; LAWS C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Deupree, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-6083-4 J9 NATO ADV SCI I C-MAT PY 2000 VL 544 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR41S UT WOS:000166342200008 ER PT S AU Kaye, AB Guzik, JA Bradley, PA AF Kaye, AB Guzik, JA Bradley, PA BE Ibanoglu, C TI Theoretical models of gamma Doradus variables SO VARIABLE STARS AS ESSENTIAL ASTROPHYSICAL TOOLS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Variable Stars as Essential Astrophysical Tools CY AUG 31-SEP 10, 1998 CL CESME, TURKEY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div ID DELTA-SCUTI; NONRADIAL PULSATIONS; STAR; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; 9-AURIGAE; EQUATION C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kaye, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-6083-4 J9 NATO ADV SCI I C-MAT PY 2000 VL 544 BP 459 EP 466 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR41S UT WOS:000166342200021 ER PT S AU Geib, KM Choquette, KD Allerman, AA Briggs, RD Hindi, JJ AF Geib, KM Choquette, KD Allerman, AA Briggs, RD Hindi, JJ BE Choquette, KD Lei, C TI Comparison of fabrication approaches for selectively oxidized VCSEL arrays SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers IV CY JAN 26-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE VCSEL; arrays; selectively oxidized; fabrication ID VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; THRESHOLD AB The impressive performance improvements of laterally oxidized VCSELs come at the expense of increased fabrication complexity for 2-dimensional arrays. Since the epitaxial layers to be wet-thermally oxidized must be exposed, non-planarity can be an issue. This is particularly important in that electrical contact to both the anode and cathode of the diode must be brought out to a package. We have investigated four fabrication sequences suitable for the fabrication of 2-dimensional VCSEL arrays. These techniques include: mesa etched polymer planarized, mesa etched bridge contacted, mesa etched oxide isolated (where the electrical trace is isolated from the substrate during the oxidation) and oxide/implant isolation (oxidation through smalt via holes) all of which result in VCSELs with outstanding performance. The suitability of these processes for manufacturing are assessed relative to oxidation uniformity, device capacitance, and structural ruggedness for packaging. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kmgeib@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3563-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3946 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.384385 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ31U UT WOS:000087917700005 ER PT S AU Choquette, KD Geib, KM Briggs, RD Allerman, AA Hindi, JJ AF Choquette, KD Geib, KM Briggs, RD Allerman, AA Hindi, JJ BE Choquette, KD Lei, C TI Single transverse mode selectively oxidized vertical cavity lasers SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers IV CY JAN 26-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE VCSEL; selectively oxidized; transverse modes; single mode AB Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) which operate in multiple transverse optical modes have been rapidly adopted into present data communication applications which rely on multi-mode optical fiber. However, operation only in the fundamental made is required for free space interconnects and numerous other emerging VCSEL applications. Two device design strategies for obtaining single mode lasing in VCSELs based on mode selective loss or made selective gain are reviewed and compared. Mode discrimination is attained with the use of a thick tapered oxide aperture positioned at a longitudinal field null. Mode selective gain is achieved by defining a gain aperture within the VCSEL active region to preferentially support the fundamental mode. VCSELs which exhibit greater than 3 mW of single made output power at 850 nm with mode suppression ratio greater than 30 dB are reported. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Choquette, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3563-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3946 BP 230 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.384379 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ31U UT WOS:000087917700025 ER PT S AU Schlei, BR Prasad, L Skourikhine, AN AF Schlei, BR Prasad, L Skourikhine, AN BE Latecki, LJ Mount, DM Wu, AY TI Geometric morphology of granular materials SO VISION GEOMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vision Geometry IX CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Ind & Appl Math DE image processing; pulse-coupled neural network; smoothing; segmentation; contour extraction; Delaunay triangulation; tesselation; chordal axis transform; skeleton; grain materials AB We present a new method to transform the spectral pixel information of a micrograph into an affine geometric description, which allows us to analyze the morphology of granular materials. We use spectral and pulse-coupled neural network based segmentation techniques to generate blobs, and a newly developed algorithm to extract dilated contours. A constrained Delaunay tesselation of the contour points results in a triangular mesh. This mesh is the basic ingredient of the Chodal Axis Transform, which provides a morphological decomposition of shapes. Such decomposition allows for grain separation and the efficient computation of the statistical features of granular materials. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schlei, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-1,MS E541, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3762-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4117 BP 196 EP 201 DI 10.1117/12.404821 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BR66A UT WOS:000167102700019 ER PT S AU Prasad, L Rao, R AF Prasad, L Rao, R BE Latecki, LJ Mount, DM Wu, AY TI Multi-scale discretization of shape contours SO VISION GEOMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vision Geometry IX CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Ind & Appl Math DE boundary; contour; discrete wavelet transform; Haar wavelet; polygonal approximation; shape representation ID POLYGONAL-APPROXIMATION; ALGORITHM; CURVES AB We present an efficient multi-scale shape approximation scheme by adaptively and sparsely discretizing its continuous (or densely sampled) contour by means of points. The notion of shape is intimately related to the notion of contour and, therefore, the efficient representation of the contour of a shape is vital to a computational understanding of the shape. Any discretization of a planar smooth curve by points is equivalent to a piecewise constant approximation of its parameterized X and Y coordinate. Using the Haar wavelet transform for the piecewise approximation yields a hierarchical scheme in which the size of the approximating point set is traded off against the morphological accuracy of the approximation. Our algorithm compresses the representation of the initial shape contour to a sparse sequence of points in the plane defining the vertices of the shape's polygonal approximation. Furthermore, it is possible to control the overall resolution of the approximation by a single, scale-independent parameter. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prasad, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, M-S E541, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3762-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4117 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1117/12.404822 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BR66A UT WOS:000167102700020 ER PT S AU Prasad, L Rao, R AF Prasad, L Rao, R BE Latecki, LJ Mount, DM Wu, AY TI A geometric transform for shape feature extraction SO VISION GEOMETRY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vision Geometry IX CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Ind & Appl Math DE computer vision; Delaunay triangulation; feature; morphology; segmentation; shape; skeleton AB A novel and efficient invertible transform for shape segmentation is defined that serves to localize and extract shape characteristics. This transform-the chordal axis transform (CAT)-remedies the deficiencies of the well-known medial axis transform (MAT). The CAT is applicable to shapes with discretized boundaries without restriction on the sparsity or regularity of the discretization. Using Delaunay triangulations of shape interiors, the CAT induces structural segmentation of shapes into limb and torso chain complexes of triangles. This enables the localization, extraction, and characterization of the morphological features of shapes. It also yields a pruning scheme for excising morphologically insignificant features and simplifying shape boundaries and descriptions. Furthermore, it enables the explicit characterization and exhaustive enumeration of primary, semantically salient, shape features. Finally, a process to characterize and represent a shape in terms of its morphological features is presented. This results in the migration of a shape from its affine description to an invariant, and semantically salient feature-based representation in the form of attributed planar graphs. The research described here is part of a larger effort aimed at automating image understanding and computer vision tasks.(2,3,4,5,6). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E541, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3762-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4117 BP 222 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.404824 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BR66A UT WOS:000167102700022 ER PT S AU Prasad, L Skourikhine, AN Schlei, BR AF Prasad, L Skourikhine, AN Schlei, BR BE Latecki, LJ Mount, DM Wu, AY TI Feature-based syntactic and metric shape recognition SO VISION GEOMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vision Geometry IX CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Ind & Appl Math DE context-free; Delaunay triangulation; feature; grammar; language; linguistic; morphology; recognition; segmentation; shape; string; syntax AB We present a syntactic and metric two-dimensional shape recognition scheme based on shape features. The principal features of a shape can be extracted and semantically labeled by means of the chordal axis transform (CAT),(1,3) with the resulting generic features, namely torsos and limbs, forming the primitive segmented features of the shape. We introduce a context-free universal language for representing all connected planar shapes in terms of their external features, based on a finite alphabet of generic shape feature primitives. Shape exteriors are then syntactically represented as strings in this language. Although this representation of shapes is not complete, in that it only describes their external features, it effectively captures shape embeddings, which are important properties of shapes for purposes of recognition. The elements of the syntactic strings are associated with attribute feature vectors that capture the metrical attributes of the corresponding features. We outline a hierarchical shape recognition scheme, wherein the syntactical representation of shapes may be "telescoped" to yield a coarser or finer description for hierarchical comparison and matching. We finally extend the syntactic representation and recognition to completely represent all planar shapes, albeit without a generative context-free grammar for this extension. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prasad, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E541, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3762-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4117 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.404825 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BR66A UT WOS:000167102700023 ER PT S AU Thompson, B Rahman, Z Park, S AF Thompson, B Rahman, Z Park, S BE Park, SK Rahman, Z TI A multiscale retinex for improved performance in multispectral image classification SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing IX CY APR 25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE image classification; image enhancement; multispectral; retinex; dynamic range compression ID COLOR AB Image preprocessing is useful in helping to identify "spectral response patterns" far certain types of image classification problems. The common artifacts in remotely sensed images are caused by the blurring due to the optics of the image gathering device, illumination variations, and the radiative transfer of the atmosphere. The Multi-Scale Retinex (MSR) image enhancement algorithm that provides dynamic range compression, reduced dependence on lighting conditions, and improved (perceived) spatial resolution has proven to be an effective tool in the correction of image degradations such as those in remote sensing images. In this paper, we measure the improvement in classification accuracy due to the application of the MSR algorithm. We use simulated images generated with different scene irradiance and with known ground truth data. The simulation results show that, despite the degree of image degradation due to changes in atmospheric irradiance, classification error can be substantially reduced by preprocessing the image data with the MSR. Furthermore we show that, similar to the results achieved in previous work, the classification results obtained from the MSR preprocessed images for various scene irradiance are more similar to each other than are the classification results for the original unprocessed images. This is evident in the observed visual quality of the MSR enhanced images even before classification is performed, and in the difference images obtained by comparing image data under different irradiance conditions. We conclude that the application of the MSR algorithm results in improved visual quality and increased spatial variation of multispectral images that is also optimal for certain types of multispectral image classification. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1138, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bdthomp@sandia.gov; zrahman@cs.wm.edu; park@cs.wm.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3667-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4041 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.390485 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ62M UT WOS:000088996200004 ER PT S AU Bertram, M Duchaineau, MA Hamann, B Joy, KI AF Bertram, M Duchaineau, MA Hamann, B Joy, KI GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Bicubic subdivision-surface wavelets for large-scale isosurface representation and visualization SO VISUALIZATION 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization Conference CY OCT 08-13, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH DE compression algorithms; geometric modeling; isosurfaces; multiresolution methods; wavelets ID MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS; MESHES; POINTS AB We introduce a new subdivision-surface wavelet transform for arbitrary two-manifolds with boundary that is the first to use simple lifting-style filtering operations with bicubic precision. We also describe a conversion process for re-mapping large-scale isosurfaces to have subdivision connectivity and fair parameterizations so that the new wavelet transform can be used for compression and visualization. The main idea enabling our wavelet transform is the circular symmetrization of the filters in irregular neighborhoods, which replaces the traditional separation of filters into two I-D passes. Our wavelet transform uses polygonal base meshes to represent surface topology, from which a Catmull-Clark-style subdivision hierarchy is generated. The details between these levels of resolution are quickly computed and compactly stored as wavelet coefficients. The isosurface conversion process begins with a contour triangulation computed using conventional techniques, which we subsequently simplify with a variant edge-collapse procedure, followed by an edge-removal process. This provides a coarse initial base mesh, which is subsequently refined, relaxed and attracted in phases to converge to the contour. The conversion is designed to produce smooth, untangled and minimally-skewed parameterizations, which improves the subsequent compression after applying the transform. We have demonstrated our conversion and transform for an isosurface obtained from a high-resolution turbulent-mixing hydrodynamics simulation, showing the potential for compression and level-of-detail visualization. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mbertram@llnl.gov; duchaineaul@llnl.gov; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu; joy@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 32 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1070-2385 BN 0-7803-6478-3 J9 IEEE VISUAL PY 2000 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1109/VISUAL.2000.885720 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR26T UT WOS:000165971600048 ER PT J AU Carey, GF Pardhanani, AL Bova, SW AF Carey, GF Pardhanani, AL Bova, SW TI Advanced numerical methods and software approaches for semiconductor device simulation SO VLSI DESIGN LA English DT Article DE semiconductor TCAD; device modeling; drift-diffusion; hydrodynamic; finite element; adaptive grids; software frameworks ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL; EQUATIONS; SCHEME; IMPLEMENTATION; REFINEMENT; GENERATION; COMPUTERS; MESHES AB In this article we concisely present several modern strategies that are applicable to drift-dominated carrier transport in higher-order deterministic models such as the drift-diffusion, hydrodynamic, and quantum hydrodynamic systems. The approaches include extensions of "upwind" and artificial dissipation schemes, generalization of the traditional Scharfetter-Gummel approach, Petrov-Galerkin and streamline-upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG), "entropy" variables, transformations, least-squares mixed methods and other stabilized Galerkin schemes such as Galerkin least squares and discontinuous Galerkin schemes. The treatment is representative rather than an exhaustive review and several schemes are mentioned only briefly with appropriate reference to the literature, Some of the methods have been applied to the semiconductor device problem while others are still in the early stages of development for this class of applications, We have included numerical examples from our recent research tests with some of the methods. A second aspect of the work deals with algorithms that employ unstructured grids in conjunction with adaptive refinement strategies. The full benefits of such approaches have not yet been developed in this application area and we emphasize the need for further work on analysis, data structures and software to support adaptivity. Finally, we briefly consider some aspects of software frameworks, These include dial-an-operator approaches such as that used in the industrial simulator PROPHET, and object-oriented software support such as those in the SANDIA National Laboratory framework SIERRA. C1 Univ Texas, ASE EM, TICAM, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carey, GF (reprint author), Univ Texas, ASE EM, TICAM, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1065-514X J9 VLSI DES JI VLSI Des. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 4 BP 391 EP 414 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA 335LX UT WOS:000088245900004 ER PT J AU Mesko, MG Day, DE Bunker, BC AF Mesko, MG Day, DE Bunker, BC TI Immobilization of CsCl and SrF2 in iron phosphate glass SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB A large part of the radioactive Cs-137 and Sr-90 stored at the Hanford site is present as CsCl and SrF2.;Attempts to incorporate halides in borosilicate glass often produces immiscibility which is undesirable for immobilizing nuclear materials. Conversely, iron phosphate glasses have been made with up to 26 and 31 mol% CsCl and SrF2, respectively, and up to 34 mol% CsCl and SrF2 combined. These compositions are melted at temperatures as low as 950 degrees C for 2 h and form fluid melts. The low melting temperature of the iron phosphate wasteforms reduces the probability that radioactive Cs-137 Will vaporize from the melt, which becomes increasingly likely at the higher temperature (greater than or equal to 1150 degrees C) used to melt borosilicate glasses. Analysis of the glasses produced in this study show that very little, if any, Cs and Sr was volatilized from the batches, although the majority of the halide is released during melting. All of the iron phosphate glassy wasteforms in the current study had a total ion release in distilled water of approximately 10 mg/l which is about one tenth that measured for the approved reference material (ARM-1), a reference borosilicate glass. The dissolution rate of the iron phosphate wasteforms in distilled water decreased with increasing iron content. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mesko, MG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 19 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 4 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00331-1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 315FE UT WOS:000087101300002 ER PT J AU Hsu, PC Foster, KG Ford, TD Wallman, PH Watkins, BE Pruneda, CO Adamson, MG AF Hsu, PC Foster, KG Ford, TD Wallman, PH Watkins, BE Pruneda, CO Adamson, MG TI Treatment of solid wastes with molten salt oxidation SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Incinerational and Thermal Treatment Technologies CY MAY, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE molten salt oxidation; organics; thermal treatment process; mixed wastes; hazardous wastes AB Molten salt oxidation (MSO) is a robust thermal treatment process that can be used to oxidatively and efficiently destroy the organic constituents of mixed and hazardous wastes, and energetic materials [1-7]. An integrated pilot-scale MSO demonstration facility has been installed and operated at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This facility, which has been operational since December 1997, was built to demonstrate the capability of processing organic feed at a commercially useful scale (5-7 kg/h). The integrated MSO treatment train consists of several subsystems:a primary MSO processor (reaction vessel), an off-gas conditioning system, a salt recycle system, and a ceramic final forms immobilization system. The MSO/off-gas system began operations in December 1997, while the salt recycle system and the ceramic final forms immobilization system were activated in May 1998 and September 1998, respectively. During FY98, we have successfully conducted tests in the MSO facility on a variety of liquid and solid organic feeds: chlorinated solvents, tributyl phosphate/kerosene mixtures, PCB-contaminated waste oils and solvents, shredded booties and coveralls, plastic pellets, ion-exchange resins, activated carbon, several radioactive-spike organics, and two well-characterized low-level liquid mixed wastes. This paper presents the results from the operation of the integrated pilot-scale MSO system for the treatment of several solid feeds including activated carbon, ion exchange resin, plastic pellets, and shredded booties and gloves. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsu, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-282,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00338-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 323BD UT WOS:000087544200005 ER PT J AU Worl, LA Buelow, SJ Harradine, DM Lanning, R Padilla, DD Roberts, JH Shao, X AF Worl, LA Buelow, SJ Harradine, DM Lanning, R Padilla, DD Roberts, JH Shao, X TI Hydrothermal oxidation of radioactive combustible waste SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Incinerational and Thermal Treatment Technologies CY MAY, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE hydrothermal oxidation; plutonium; americium; thermal liquefaction; pryrolysis AB A hydrothermal processing system was designed, built and tested for treatment of transuranic combustible material. The operation is performed in a plutonium glovebox. Presented in this paper are results from the study of the hydrothermal oxidation of plutonium and americium contaminated organic wastes. The use of thermal liquefaction, via pyrolysis, to prepare solid materials for hydrothermal processing was tested and compared to the pumping of slurries of small particle sized solids (ion exchange resin). Experiments show that the hydrothermal process converts greater than 99.9% of the organic component to CO2 and H2O, with 30 wt% H2O2 as an oxidant, at 540 degrees C and 46.2 MPa. The majority of the actinide component forms insoluble products that are easily separated by filtration. A titanium liner in the reactor and heat exchanger provides corrosion resistance for the oxidation of chlorinated organics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Worl, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, NMT-11,MS-E505, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00005-2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 323BD UT WOS:000087544200012 ER PT J AU Buckley, SG Johnsen, HA Hencken, KR Hahn, DW AF Buckley, SG Johnsen, HA Hencken, KR Hahn, DW TI Implementation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as a continuous emissions monitor for toxic metals SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Incinerational and Thermal Treatment Technologies CY MAY, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); toxic metals; continuous emission monitor AB Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been considered for some time as a potential CEM method for toxic metals. Recently, improvements in sampling methodology and signal processing have allowed LIES to achieve detection limits below the proposed MACT limits for 5 out of 6 of the RCRA metals. This paper discusses performance improved by nearly 2 orders of magnitude of this in situ monitoring technique following implementation of conditional analysis. Results from trial burns at two incinerators and at a DoD contained burn facility are highlighted. At the incinerators, implementation of conditional analysis yielded much lower detection limits than previously reported using the LIBS technique. At the contained burn facility, reproducible, transient Pb measurements were recorded in real-time for concentration values that varied by more than two orders of magnitude. Method detection limits of between 2 and 100 mu g/dscm are reported for toxic metals Be, Cd, Cr, He, and Pb. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Buckley, SG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2181 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 9 TC 87 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00011-8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 323BD UT WOS:000087544200017 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Neu, MP Garcia, E Morales, LA AF Smith, DM Neu, MP Garcia, E Morales, LA TI Hydration of plutonium oxide and process salts, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2: effect of calcination on residual water and rehydration SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE plutonium metal; stabilized oxides; storage; chloride salts; dehydration; rehydration ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; NACL(100) AB The Department of Energy has issued a standard (DOE-STD-3013-96) that establishes the criteria for packaging of plutonium metal and stabilized oxides for an anticipated storage period of 50 years. The basis for the standard comes from data collected from relatively pure plutonium metal and oxide. However, much of the material in the Department of Energy complex currently awaiting packaging for long-term storage is not pure metal or oxide but also contains chloride salts, including NaCl, KCI, CaCl2, and MgCl2, which must be taken into consideration when making decisions regarding pre-packaging processing. The DOE-STD-3013-96 standard is currently undergoing revisions to include these considerations, specifically a lowering of the temperature of prepackaging calcination from 950 to 800 degrees C. Calcining impure plutonium residues at 800 degrees C may or may not be sufficient to reduce the water content of the residue to below 0.5 wt%, a criteria deemed important to prevent the over-pressurization of long-term storage containers. This paper summarizes the literature describing the dehydration and rehydration of PuO2, NaCl, KCI, CaCl2, and MgCl2 and experimental results from impure oxides containing chloride salts, and applies this information to the direct problem of stabilizing impure plutonium oxide residues for long-term storage. Overall, the literature data available is not sufficient to unequivocally guarantee the stabilization processing and packaging conditions necessary to meet the 0.5 wt% water content criteria of DOE-STD-3013-96. It can be concluded that studies and measurements performed on individual components are not an adequate indication of overall hydration behavior of mixtures. In order to minimize the amount of water adsorbed for samples containing chloride salts, we recommend salt residues be calcined at 850 degrees C for at least 2 h, they be sealed in an approved storage container as soon as possible after calcination, and the moisture content of the glovebox atmosphere not exceed 35% relative humidity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Neu, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Mail Stop G739, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 7 BP 479 EP 490 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00014-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352WG UT WOS:000089241900001 ER PT J AU Marinin, DV Brown, GN AF Marinin, DV Brown, GN TI Studies of sorbent/ion-exchange materials for the removal of radioactive strontium from liquid radioactive waste and high hardness groundwaters SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE low-level liquid radioactive waste; radioactive strontium; sorbent/ion-exchange materials AB Different sorbents were studied in terms of their full-scale applicability for radioactive strontium removal in low-level liquid radioactive waste (LLRW) management. The following types of sorbent/ion-exchange materials were investigated: natural zeolite-clinoptilolite, modified natural clinoptilolite, synthetic zeolites, new synthetic crystalline materials selective to strontium, ion-exchange resins, and modified fiber sorbents. Simulated solutions for experimental tests were prepared according to the composition of one of the facilities at the Hanford nuclear site (Richland, WA, USA). The following experiments were performed at different concentrations of strontium and competing elements (calcium, on the first hand): batch tests for determination of strontium distribution coefficients, sorbent/ion-exchanger selectivity to strontium in time presence of calcium, and kinetic measurements of strontium uptake. Modifications of Amberlite and Duolite ion-exchange resins (Rohm and Haas, USA) and new synthetic crystalline materials - silicotitanate IE-911 (UOP, USA) and sodium titanate (Allied Signal, USA) - showed the highest distribution coefficients of strontium (K(d)similar to 2x10(4)-4x10(5) ml/g). For all materials, the K-d decreased significantly with increased calcium concentration. On the other hand, each of these sorbents showed poor selectivity to strontium in the presence of calcium. Newly developed sorbents (Institute of Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russia) based on a fiber matrix (FM and FP) showed the best relative selectivity to strontium followed by the natural zeolite (clinoptilolite extracted and produced in the USA). Synthetic zeolites (IE-96, TIE-96) had moderate values of both parameters (distribution coefficient and selectivity). Fiber sorption materials were also absolute leaders in kinetic measurements removing 40% to 60% of the strontium from solution within a few minutes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Far E Dept, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Marinin, DV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Far E Dept, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. NR 11 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 7 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00017-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352WG UT WOS:000089241900008 ER PT J AU Gehrke, RJ East, LV Harker, YD AF Gehrke, RJ East, LV Harker, YD TI Information in spectra from sources containing "aged" Am-241 as from TRU waste SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE transuranic waste; actinide radionuclides; gamma-Ray spectra; TRU waste AB The Ge gamma-ray spectra of Am-241 were studied using sources of Am-241 that had not been purified from their daughter activities for many years. In spite of the fact that the first member of the Am-241 decay chain, Np-237, has a half-life of 2.14x10(6) years, the grow-in of the second member of the Am-241 decay chain, 27-day Pa-233 could be clearly observed. This unexpected observation is possible when the parent emits low-intensity gamma-rays while the progeny emits high-intensity y-rays. A calculation of the ratio of the parent to daughter gamma-ray emission rates for the 241Am 322-keV gamma-ray and the Pa-233 312-keV gamma-ray as a function of time from purification verifies that this is the case for the 322-keV Am-241 gamma-ray and the 312-keV Pa-233 gamma-ray. These gamma-rays may be used in the assay of transuranic waste to determine its age, when Am-241 is present In the waste, and also to assay for Np-237 in excess of that expected from grow-in of its 241Am parent. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gehrke, RJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 7 BP 555 EP 559 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00013-1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 352WG UT WOS:000089241900009 ER PT J AU Korte, NE Zutman, JL Schlosser, RM Liang, L Gu, B Fernando, Q AF Korte, NE Zutman, JL Schlosser, RM Liang, L Gu, B Fernando, Q TI Field application of palladized iron for the dechlorination of trichloroethene SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE palladized iron; trichloroethene; dechlorination ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; RAPID DECHLORINATION AB Palladized iron (Pd/Fe) has been tested under field conditions for the dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) in groundwater. Contaminated water was pumped from aquifers in Ohio (similar to0.7- 1.5 mg/l TCE) and Missouri (2-9 mg/l TCE and 1,2-dichloroethene) and passed through columns of Pd/Fe. The experiments demonstrated that the dechlorination reaction occurs efficiently until the surface of the Pd/Fe becomes fouled. Regeneration of the surface with dilute (1M) hydrochloric acid is easily accomplished under laboratory conditions, but initially was unsuccessful in the field. Further experiments indicated, that reduced sulfur species, although not naturally present in the groundwater being treated, were permanently poisoning the palladium. Apparently, sulfur-reducing bacteria utilize the hydrogen produced by the Pd/Fe process and reduce the sulfate that is present. An anion exchange column was used to remove sulfate (similar to 20 mg/l) from groundwater at the Kansas City Plant in order to test this theory. Under these conditions, a column of Pd/Fe was repetitively regenerated for a 4-week period. A second column, not protected by sulfate removal, could not be regenerated. The results demonstrated that Pd/Fe could be used in a long-term field process if a material with more resistance to Fe and Pd losses is developed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grand Junct Off, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. RP Korte, NE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grand Junct Off, 2597 B 3-4 Rd, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 19 TC 50 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 8 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(00)00037-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 365RM UT WOS:000089964300014 ER PT J AU Wan, JM Tokunaga, TK Orr, TR O'Neill, J Conners, RW AF Wan, JM Tokunaga, TK Orr, TR O'Neill, J Conners, RW TI Glass casts of rock fracture surfaces: A new tool for studying flow and transport SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 2-PHASE FLOW; VISUALIZATION; MODELS AB A method was developed for fabricating transparent glass casts of fractured rock pairs. These glass casts provide reproduction of surface topography and roughness of natural fractures, optical clarity, and representative wettabilities of mineral surfaces. The glass casts are an improved tool for studying flow and transport in fractures compared to previous approaches. The surface of a clean glass fracture has a contact angle near zero, and more importantly, the surface wettability can be intentionally altered with chemical treatment. Glass casts of rock fracture surfaces may be used for visually and quantitatively studying various physical, chemical, and microbial processes occurring in rock fractures, especially when multiple fluid phases are involved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wan, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1029/1999WR900289 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 271NZ UT WOS:000084601500032 ER PT J AU Ghosh, S Henry, MP Sajjad, A Mensinger, MC Arora, JL AF Ghosh, S Henry, MP Sajjad, A Mensinger, MC Arora, JL TI Pilot-scale gasification of municipal solid wastes by high-rate and two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD) SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste CY JUN 15-18, 1999 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN DE MSW; sludge; anaerobic digestion; two-phase; high-rate; mesophilic; thermophilic; pretreatment; pilot plant; bench scale; MRF AB Bioconversion of municipal solid waste-sludge blend by conventional high-rate and two-phase anaerobic digestion was studied. RDF (refused-derived fuel)-quality feed produced in a Madison, Wisconsin, USA, MRF (materials-recovery facility) was used. High-rate digestion experiments were conducted with bench-scale digesters under target operating conditions developed from an economic feasibility study. The effects of digestion temperature, RDF content of digester feed, HRT, loading rate, RDF particle size, and RDF pretreatment with cellulase or dilute solutions of NaOH or lime on digester performance were studied. A pilot-scale two-phase digestion plant was operated with 80:20 (weight ratio) RDF-sludge blends to show that this process exhibited a higher methane yield, and produced a higher methane-content digester gas than those obtained by single-stage, high-rate anaerobic digestion. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US EPA, Chicago, IL USA. Inst Gas Technol, Des Plaines, IL USA. RP Ghosh, S (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 21 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 41 IS 3 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 311LH UT WOS:000086885400014 PM 11381980 ER PT J AU Gaines, KF Bryan, AL Dixon, PM AF Gaines, KF Bryan, AL Dixon, PM TI The effects of drought on foraging habitat selection of breeding Wood Storks in coastal Georgia SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE coastal; drought; endangered species management; foraging habitat; Georgia; GIS; Mycteria americana; rainfall; Wood Stork ID SUCCESS; SALT AB Foraging habitat use by Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) during the breeding season was studied for thr ee coastal colonies during a drought year and compared to habitat use during normal rainfall years. Information on the distribution of wetland habitat types was derived using U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetland Inventory (NWI) data within a Geographic information System (GIS). Foraging locations were obtained by following storks fi-om their colonies in a fixed-winged aircraft. Differences in hydrologic condition and, the resulting prey availability in coastal zone freshwater wetlands greatly affected foraging habitat use and breeding success of the three stork colonies. In 1997 (dry), although the foraging range of each colony did not differ from wetter years, storks used estuarine foraging habitats much more extensively. Breeding success (fledged young/nest) in 1997 was less than half the success of the wetter years. Palustrine (freshwater) wetlands seem very important to storks breeding along the Georgia coast. During dry years, estuarine wetlands, by themselves, do not appear to be able to support the breeding population of storks in this region. Reasons why these productive wetlands do not provide sufficient resources for successful breeding are unclear, but could include limitations to only two foraging periods (low tides) in a 24-hr period. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Gaines, KF (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 64 EP 73 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308EH UT WOS:000086697200008 ER PT S AU Kercel, SW Klein, MB Pouet, B AF Kercel, SW Klein, MB Pouet, B BE Szu, HH Vetterli, M Campbell, WJ Buss, JR TI Wavelet and wavelet-packet analysis of lamb wave signatures in laser ultrasonics SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelet Applications VII CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser-based ultrasonic; weld inspection; on-line inspection; wavelet packet; separation AB Laser-based ultrasonic (LBU) measurement shows great promise for on-line monitoring of weld quality in tailor-welded blanks. Tailor-welded blanks are steel blanks made from plates of differing thickness and/or properties bun-welded together; they are used in automobile manufacturing to produce body, frame, and closure panels. LBU uses a pulsed laser to generate the ultrasound and a continuous wave (CW) laser interferometer to detect the ultrasound at the point of interrogation to perform ultrasonic inspection. LBU enables in-process measurements since there is no sensor contact or near-contact with the workpiece. The authors are using laser-generated plate (Lamb) waves to propagate from one plate into the weld nugget as a means of detecting defects. A persistent problem in the analysis of Lamb wave signatures in experimental data is the fact that several different modes appear simultaneously in the signal. The modes overlap in both frequency and time domains. Attempts to separate the overlapping Lamb wave signatures by conventional signal processing methods have been unsatisfactory. As might be expected, the transient nature of Lamb waves makes them readily tractable to wavelet analysis. The authors have used discrete wavelet and wavelet packet analysis to untangle the Lamb wave signature. For signatures of Lamb waves captured in laser ultrasonic data in tailor-welded blanks, this has led to straightforward detection of weld defects. Furthermore, both techniques are realizable in the highly parallel cascaded-lattice architecture, and are well suited for on-line real-time monitoring of laser ultrasonic signals. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kercel, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3682-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4056 BP 308 EP 317 DI 10.1117/12.381692 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ40G UT WOS:000088256200028 ER PT J AU Hou, PY Zhang, H Stringer, J AF Hou, PY Zhang, H Stringer, J TI Strong HCl effect on tube wastage in a simulated bubbling fluidized bed environment SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE HCl; tube wastage; fluidized bed AB This paper reports initial results from a laboratory fluidized bed rest rig where HCl gas was incorporated into the bed. The rig simulates the particle hammering interactions between in-bed particles and tubes within bubbling fluidized bed combustors (BFBCs). A significant increase in material wastage rates in the presence of HCl was found at 450 degrees C as well as at 200 degrees C. The detrimental effect decreased with decreasing HCl concentration. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JAN PY 2000 VL 237 IS 1 BP 137 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00305-1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 288NM UT WOS:000085569200016 ER PT J AU Akyildiz, IF Joe, I AF Akyildiz, IF Joe, I TI A new ATM adaptation layer for TCP/IP over wireless ATM networks SO WIRELESS NETWORKS LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the design and performance of a new ATM adaptation layer protocol (AAL-T) for improving TCP performance over wireless ATM networks. The wireless links are characterized by higher error rates and burstier error patterns in comparison with the fiber links for which ATM was introduced in the beginning. Since the low performance of TCP over wireless ATM networks is mainly due to the fact that TCP always responds to all packet losses by congestion control, the key idea in the design is to push the error control portion of TCP to the AAL layer so that TCP is only responsible for congestion control. The AAL-T is based on a novel and reliable ARQ mechanism to support quality-critical TCP traffic over wireless ATM networks. The proposed AAL protocol has been validated using the OPNET tool with the simulated wireless ATM network. The simulation results show that the AAL-T provides higher throughput for TCP over wireless ATM networks compared to the existing approach of TCP with AAL 5. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Broadband & Wireless Networking Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Network Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Broadband & Wireless Networking Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ian@ee.gatech.edu; inwhee@virtue.dsrd.ornl.gov RI Akyildiz, Ian/G-7136-2011 OI Akyildiz, Ian/0000-0002-8099-3529 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-0038 EI 1572-8196 J9 WIREL NETW JI Wirel. Netw. PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1023/A:1019185413875 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 332ZP UT WOS:000088104500003 ER PT J AU Joe, I AF Joe, I TI A novel adaptive hybrid ARQ scheme for wireless ATM networks SO WIRELESS NETWORKS LA English DT Article ID PUNCTURED CONVOLUTIONAL-CODES AB This paper describes the design and performance of a novel adaptive hybrid ARQ scheme using concatenated FEC codes for error control over wireless ATM networks. The wireless links are characterized by higher, time-varying error rates and burstier error patterns in comparison with the fiber-based links for which ATM was designed. The purpose of the hybrid ARQ scheme is to provide a capability to dynamically support reliable ATM-based transport over wireless channels by using a combination of our ARQ scheme (called SDLP) and the concatenated FEC scheme. The key ideas in the proposed hybrid ARQ scheme are to adapt the code rate to the channel conditions using incremental redundancy and to increase the starting code rate as much as possible with the concatenated FEC, maximizing the throughput efficiency. The numerical results show that our proposed scheme outperforms other ARQ schemes for all SNR values. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Network Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Network Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM inwhee@virtue.dsrd.ornl.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-0038 EI 1572-8196 J9 WIREL NETW JI Wirel. Netw. PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1023/A:1019189514784 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 332ZP UT WOS:000088104500005 ER PT J AU Blowers, J AF Blowers, J TI Who you calling a 'permatemp'? SO WORKFORCE LA English DT Letter C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Blowers, J (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACC COMMUNICATIONS INC PI COSTA MESA PA 245 FISCHER AVE, COSTA MESA, CA 92626 USA SN 0031-5745 J9 WORKFORCE JI Workforce PD JAN PY 2000 VL 79 IS 1 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 272HQ UT WOS:000084644800003 ER PT S AU van den Berg, ML Chow, DT Loshak, A Cunningham, MF Barbee, TW Frank, M Labov, SE AF van den Berg, ML Chow, DT Loshak, A Cunningham, MF Barbee, TW Frank, M Labov, SE BE Flanagan, KA Siegmund, OHW TI High-resolution hard X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers based on superconducting absorbers coupled to superconducting transition edge sensors SO X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy IX CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE microcalorimeter; superconducting absorbers; x-ray spectroscopy; gamma-ray spectroscopy ID THERMAL DETECTORS; QUASIPARTICLE; CALORIMETERS AB We are developing detectors based on bulk superconducting absorbers coupled to superconducting transition edge sensors (TES) for high-resolution spectroscopy of hard X-rays and soft gamma-rays. We have achieved an energy resolution of 70 eV FWHM at 60 keV using a 1 x 1 x 0.25 mm(3) Sn absorber coupled to a Mo/Cu multilayer TES with a transition temperature of 100 mK. The response of this detector is compared with a simple model using only material properties data and characteristics derived from IV-measurements. We have also manufactured detectors using superconducting absorbers with a higher stopping power, such as Pb and Ta. We present our first measurements of these detectors, including the thermalization characteristics of the bulk superconducting absorbers. The differences in performance between the detectors are discussed and an outline of the future direction of our detector development efforts is given. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP van den Berg, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3785-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4140 BP 436 EP 444 DI 10.1117/12.409140 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BR53H UT WOS:000166723400044 ER PT S AU Friedrich, S Funk, T Drury, O Labov, SE AF Friedrich, S Funk, T Drury, O Labov, SE BE Flanagan, KA Siegmund, OHW TI Temperature profile of IR blocking windows used in cryogenic X-ray spectrometers SO X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy IX CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE IR blocking windows; IR noise; cryogenic detectors; superconducting tunnel junctions ID PARTICLE DETECTORS; ENERGY RESOLUTION AB Cryogenic high-resolution X-ray spectrometers are typically operated with thin IR blocking windows to reduce radiative heating of the detector while allowing good x-ray transmission. We have estimated the temperature profile of these IR blocking windows under typical operating conditions. We show that the temperature in the center of the window is raised due to radiation from the higher temperature stages. This can increase the infrared photon flux onto the detector, thereby increasing the IR noise and decreasing the cryostat hold time. The increased window temperature constrains the maximum window size and the number of windows required. We discuss the consequences for ER blocking window design. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Friedrich, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-418, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3785-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4140 BP 452 EP 458 DI 10.1117/12.409143 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BR53H UT WOS:000166723400046 ER PT S AU Belkacem, A Dauvergne, D Feinberg, B Ionescu, D Maddi, J Sorensen, AH AF Belkacem, A Dauvergne, D Feinberg, B Ionescu, D Maddi, J Sorensen, AH BE Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L TI K-shell ionization and double-ionization of Au atoms with 1.33 MeV photons SO X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on X-ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY AUG 23-27, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Roper Scientific ID CROSS-SECTIONS AB At relativistic energies, the cross section for the atomic photoelectric effect drops off as does the cross section for liberating any bound electron through Compton scattering. However, when the photon energy exceeds twice the rest mass of the electron, ionization may proceed via electron-positron pair creation. We used 1.33 MeV photons impinging-on Au thin foils to study double K-shell ionization and vacuum-assisted photoionization. The preliminary results yield a ratio of vacuum-assisted photoionization and pair creation of 2x10(-3), a value that is substantially higher than the ratio of photo double ionization to single photoionization that is found to be 0.5-1x10(-4). Because of the difficulties and large error bars associated with the small cross sections additional measurements are needed to minimize systematic errors. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94611 USA. RP Belkacem, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94611 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-713-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 506 BP 153 EP 157 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP76A UT WOS:000086079900010 ER PT S AU Bozek, JD Berrah, N Kukk, E Thomas, TD Carroll, TX Saethre, LJ Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW AF Bozek, JD Berrah, N Kukk, E Thomas, TD Carroll, TX Saethre, LJ Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW BE Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L TI High-resolution molecular inner-shell electron spectroscopies SO X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on X-ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY AUG 23-27, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Roper Scientific ID SHAPE RESONANCES; VIBRATIONAL STRUCTURE; BOND LENGTHS; SPECTRA; CARBON; PHOTOELECTRON; FIELD; HCL; CO AB High-resolution inner-shell photoelectron and resonant Anger electron spectroscopies are examined as probes of the local chemical environment of specific atoms within a molecule. The C Is spectra of CH4 are reported at an experimental resolution better than the natural line width. The spectra were analyzed to extract the basic physical information contained in the line width, vibrational spacings, and vibrational intensities. Spectra of C2H2 were measured at a range of photon energies above the C Is ionization threshold. The spectra were measured at the highest possible resolution to obtain intensity ratios for the symmetry split C Is photoelectron lines. A definitive assignment of a shape resonance in the ka, photoionization channel was obtained from these results. Photoelectron spectra of propyne, HC=CCH3, were measured at high resolution and a definitive assignment of the three peaks was obtained from spectra of the model compounds ethane and ethyne (CH3CH3 and HC=CH), and theoretical calculations of the vibrational structure. Angle-resolved molecular-field split S 2p photoelectron spectra of COS are reported and the methods used to extract bodyframe information from these spectra described. Resonant Auger electron spectra of CO measured at the three vibrational levels of the C 1s(-1)2 pi* inner-shell excited state were obtained at about half the intrinsic line width of the inner-shell hole state. The spectra are shown to be a sensitive probe of the geometry of the intermediate excited state and allow access to portions of the final state (one valence hole) potential energy surfaces not open to Franck-Condon transitions from the ground-state neutral molecule. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bozek, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-713-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 506 BP 188 EP 204 PG 17 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP76A UT WOS:000086079900013 ER PT S AU Hill, JP AF Hill, JP BE Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L TI Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering from transition metal oxides SO X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on X-ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY AUG 23-27, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Roper Scientific ID CHARGE-TRANSFER EXCITATIONS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SCATTERING; K-EDGE; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA; LA2CUO4; SYSTEMS; ND2CUO4 AB Recent developments in hard x-ray resonant inelastic x-ray scattering as a probe of strongly correlated systems are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to studies of Nd2CuO4. A charge transfer excitation is observed when the incident photon energy is tuned in the vicinity of the copper Ii-edge. It is shown that the presence of resonant enhancements is controlled by the polarization dependence of the excitation process and by the overlap between a given intermediate state and the particular excitation being studied. This latter observation has shed light on the non-local effects present in certain intermediate states. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hill, JP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hill, John/F-6549-2011 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-713-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 506 BP 312 EP 326 PG 15 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP76A UT WOS:000086079900022 ER PT S AU Widmann, K Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Lopez-Urrutia, JRC Osterheld, AL Reed, KJ Scofield, JH Utter, SB AF Widmann, K Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Lopez-Urrutia, JRC Osterheld, AL Reed, KJ Scofield, JH Utter, SB BE Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L TI High-resolution measurements of the K-shell spectral lines of hydrogenlike and heliumlike xenon SO X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on X-ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY AUG 23-27, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Roper Scientific ID BEAM ION-TRAP; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; LAMB SHIFT; CROSS-SECTIONS; CHARGED IONS; 2S(1/2)-2P(3/2) LEVELS; EXCITATION; KRYPTON; ENERGIES AB With the implementation of a transmission-type curved crystal spectrometer at the Livermore high-energy electron beam ion trap (SuperEBIT) the window on sub-eV level measurements of the ground-state quantum electrodynamics and the two- electron quantum electrodynamics of high-Z ions has been opened. High-resolution spectroscopic measurements of the K alpha spectra of hydrogenlike Xe53+ and heliumlike Xe52+ are presented. The electron-impact excitation cross sections have been determined relative to the radiative recombination cross sections. The electron-impact energy was 112 keV which is about 3.7 times the excitation threshold for the n = 2 --> I transitions. Although the relative uncertainties of the measured electron-impact excitation cross sections range from about 20% to 50%, significant disagreement between the measured and calculated cross section values has been found for one of the heliumlike xenon lines. Overall, the comparison between experiment and theory shows that already for xenon (Z = 54) the Breit interaction plays a significant part in the collisional excitation process. The measured cross sections for the hydrogenlike transitions are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Additionally, the Xe5(3+) Ly-alpha(1) transition energy has been measured utilizing the Ka: emission of neutral cesium and barium for calibration. Surprisingly, the experimental result, (31279.2 +/- 1.5) eV, disagrees with the widely accepted theoretically predicted value of (31283.77 +/- 0.09) eV. However, this disagreement does not (yet) call for any correction in respect to the theoretical values far the transition energies of the hydrogenlike isoelectronic sequence. It rather emphasizes the need for a reevaluation of the commonly used x-ray wavelengths table for atomic inner-shell transitions, in particular, for the cesium K alpha lines. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Widmann, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./F-7069-2011 OI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./0000-0002-2937-8037 NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-713-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 506 BP 444 EP 466 PG 23 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP76A UT WOS:000086079900033 ER PT S AU Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Sinn, H Toellner, T Hu, M Sutter, J Alatas, A AF Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Sinn, H Toellner, T Hu, M Sutter, J Alatas, A BE Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L TI Inelastic scattering of synchrotron radiation from electrons and nuclei for lattice dynamics studies SO X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on X-ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY AUG 23-27, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Roper Scientific ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; RESONANT SCATTERING; ENERGY RESOLUTION; DENSITY AB The inelastic scattering of x-rays, one of the the first applications of x-rays to the field of condensed matter physics, has been rejuvenated in the last decade. The availability of synchrotron radiation from wiggler and undulator sources combined with advances in monochromatization of the incident beam and analysis of the scattered beam with meV resolution led to the measurement of phonon dispersion relations. In addition, the use of Mossbauer nuclei as scatterer and analyzers has led to the discovery of the inelastic nuclear resonant scattering technique. This new method allows extraction of partial phonon density of states from amorphous materials, thin films, multilayers and interfaces, and liquids. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60540 USA. RP Alp, EE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60540 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-713-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 506 BP 479 EP 485 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP76A UT WOS:000086079900036 ER PT S AU Lai, B Kemner, KM Maser, J Schneegurt, MA Cai, Z Ilinski, PP Kulpa, CF Legnini, DG Nealson, KH Pratt, ST Rodrigues, W Tischler, ML Yun, W AF Lai, B Kemner, KM Maser, J Schneegurt, MA Cai, Z Ilinski, PP Kulpa, CF Legnini, DG Nealson, KH Pratt, ST Rodrigues, W Tischler, ML Yun, W BE Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L TI High-resolution x-ray imaging for microbiology at the Advanced Photon Source SO X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on X-ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY AUG 23-27, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Roper Scientific AB Exciting new applications of high-resolution x-ray imaging have emerged recently due to major advances in high-brilliance synchrotron sources and high-performance zone plate optics. Imaging with submicron resolution is now routine with hard x-rays: we have demonstrated 150 nm in the 6-10 keV range with x-ray microscopes at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility. This has fueled interest in using x-ray imaging in applications ranging from the biomedical, environmental, and materials science fields to the microelectronics industry. One important application we have pursued at the APS is a study of the microbiology of bacteria and their associated extracellular material (biofilms) using fluorescence microanalysis. No microscopy techniques were previously available with sufficient resolution to study live bacteria (approximate to 1 mu m x 4 mu m in size) and biofilms in their natural hydrated state with better than part-per-million elemental sensitivity and the capability of determining chemical speciation, In vivo x-ray imaging minimizes artifacts due to sample fixation, drying, and staining. This provides key insights into the transport of metal contaminants by bacteria in the environment and potential new designs for remediation and sequestration strategies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lai, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-713-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 506 BP 585 EP 589 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP76A UT WOS:000086079900045 ER PT S AU Arthur, J AF Arthur, J BE Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L TI Prospects for an x-ray FEL light source and some possible scientific applications SO X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on X-ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY AUG 23-27, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Roper Scientific ID RADIATION; FIELDS AB Free electron lasers are now being designed which will operate at wavelengths down to about 1 Angstrom. Due to the physics of the high-gain, single pass FEL process that these sources will exploit, the radiation produced will have unique properties. In particular: The FEL peak intensity and peak brightness will be many orders of magnitude higher than can be produced by any other source. The pulse length will be less than 1 picosecond, orders of magnitude shorter than can be achieved with any other bright source such as a synchrotron. The FEL radiation will have full transverse coherence and a degeneracy parameter (photons/coherence volume) equal to 10(9) or more. No other source can produce hard x-radiation with a degeneracy parameter significantly greater than 1. These properties offer the chance to study chemical, biological, and condensed matter dynamical processes with sub-picosecond time resolution and angstrom spatial resolution. The high peak power of the FEL radiation (greater than 10(14) W/cm(2)) could be used to create precisely-controlled chemical and structural modifications inside samples. There is also the possibility that nonlinear x-ray interactions could be used to give increased resolution for spectroscopic studies, to greatly expand the parameter space for atomic physics studies, and to permit new fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. The exploration of these new x-ray techniques will require considerable development, not only in technical areas such as optics and detectors, but also in understanding the basic physics of the interaction of very intense x-radiation with matter. A large collaboration of US institutions is now conducting preliminary research and development in these areas, with the intention of creating an FEL operating at 1.5 Angstrom in about the year 2006. Germany also has a strong short-wavelength FEL research program, with a soft x-ray FEL under construction and a proposal for a future large facility which would produce a variety of hard and soft x-ray laser beams. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Arthur, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-713-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 506 BP 597 EP 612 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP76A UT WOS:000086079900047 ER PT S AU Heimann, PA Missalla, T Lindenberg, A Kang, I Johnson, S Chang, Z Kapteyn, HC Lee, RW Falcone, RW Schoenlein, RW Glover, TE Zholents, AA Zolotorev, MS Padmore, HA AF Heimann, PA Missalla, T Lindenberg, A Kang, I Johnson, S Chang, Z Kapteyn, HC Lee, RW Falcone, RW Schoenlein, RW Glover, TE Zholents, AA Zolotorev, MS Padmore, HA BE Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L TI Time-resolved x-ray photoabsorption and diffraction on timescales from ns to fs SO X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on X-ray and Inner-Shell Processes CY AUG 23-27, 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Roper Scientific ID PULSES AB Time-resolved x-ray diffraction with picosecond time resolution is used to observe scattering from coherent acoustic phonons in laser-excited InSb crystals. The observed oscillations in the crystal reflectivity are in agreement with a model based on dynamical diffraction theory. Synchrotron radiation pulses of similar to 300 fs in duration have been generated by femtosecond laser pulses modulating the electron beam in the Advanced Light Source. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Ligh Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heimann, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Ligh Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-713-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 506 BP 664 EP 668 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP76A UT WOS:000086079900052 ER PT S AU Kortright, JB Kim, SK Ohldag, H Meigs, G Warwick, A AF Kortright, JB Kim, SK Ohldag, H Meigs, G Warwick, A BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI Magnetization imaging using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; DOMAINS AB A Faraday magneto-optical effect filter has been developed to convert linearly to elliptically polarized undulator radiation to provide magnetic circular dichroism (intensity) contrast from magnetic samples in an existing scanning transmission x-ray microscope. Strong magnetic contrast is observed across a 180degrees domain wall in a 33 nm thick demagnetized Fe film with in-plane magnetization, and clear structure is associated with the domain wall. By rotating the sample through large angles, magnetization components normal to the film are clearly observed and are associated with the domain wall structure, confirming that it is a cross-tie wall. Strengths and weaknesses of this approach compared to others are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kortright, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ohldag, Hendrik/F-1009-2014 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000008 ER PT S AU Larabell, CA Yager, D Meyer-Ilse, W AF Larabell, CA Yager, D Meyer-Ilse, W BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI Localization of proteins and nucleic acids using soft x-ray microscopy SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA AB The high-resolution soft x-ray microscope (XM-1) at the Advanced Light Source was used to examine whole, hydrated mammalian cells, both chemically fixed and rapidly frozen and viewed in a cryostage. Using x-ray microscopy, high contrast information about the organization of the cytoplasm and nucleus of these cells was revealed at unsurpassed resolution. It is important to note that cryo-fixed cells have been examined in a state that most closely resembles their natural environment in that the cells were not exposed to chemical fixatives or chemical contrast enhancement reagents. We also used the power of soft x-ray microscopy to examine the localization of proteins and nucleic acids in whole, hydrated cells using silver-enhanced, immunogold labeling techniques. With this approach, we have obtained information about the distribution of such molecules with respect to cellular ultrastructure at five times better resolution than light microscopy. The power of soft x-ray microscopy to provide superb resolution information about the subcellular localization of proteins and nucleic acids places it in a commanding position to contribute to our understanding of the numerous molecules being identified through modem molecular biology techniques. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Larabell, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000016 ER PT S AU Meyer-Ilse, W Denbeaux, G Johnson, LE Bates, W Lucero, A Anderson, EH AF Meyer-Ilse, W Denbeaux, G Johnson, LE Bates, W Lucero, A Anderson, EH BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI The high resolution x-ray microscope, XM-1 SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA AB We give an overview of the activities at the high-resolution x-ray microscope XM-1 at the Advanced Light Source, including both scientific programs and instrumental enhancements. The instrument is being actively used in many fields including biology, environmental and material sciences. A new high efficiency condenser zone plate and precision computer control of the microscope allow users to obtain many hundreds of images in a day. Further developments at XM-1 include a cryogenic sample stage for sample preservation and plans for the implementation of a cryo-tilt stage to capture stereoscopic information. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meyer-Ilse, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000020 ER PT S AU Moronne, MM Hamamoto, DJ Meigs, G Johnson, LE Denbeaux, GP Meyer-Ilse, W AF Moronne, MM Hamamoto, DJ Meigs, G Johnson, LE Denbeaux, GP Meyer-Ilse, W BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI Potential application of vanadium probes for biological X-ray microscopy SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA ID TRANSMISSION AB Soft x-ray microscopy is now routinely capable of imaging biological specimens with resolutions that are five times better than the best visible light microscopes (less than or equal to 50 nm). However, for biological labeling the only options developed for x-ray microscopy have been silver enhanced gold probes that can be used with both scanning and wide field CCD microscopes, such as XM-1 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS), and luminescent lanthanide probes that necessitate a scanning microscope (SXM). To add to the arsenal of useful x-ray biological probes, we have begun the development of labels that rely on the L-edge absorption lines of vanadium. Vanadium is especially attractive as a biological contrast reagent because it has two strong absorption lines at energies that range from similar to512 to 525 eV just below the oxygen K-edge, which makes it an ideal material for imaging in the water window. In this report, we present our initial findings on the application of vanadium for biological labeling. Fixed NIH 3T3 cells grown on silicon nitride windows were incubated with vanadyl sulfate and in some cases basified with triethylamine. After vanadium treatment of the cells, they were thoroughly rinsed and then imaged using XM-1 above and below the vanadium 516 eV resonance. Vanadium staining was clearly visible around and in the cells. These findings suggest that bioconjugated vanadium clusters could provide sufficient x-ray contrast to be used as biological probes. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moronne, MM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 184 EP 189 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000031 ER PT S AU Kemner, KM Lai, B Maser, J Schneegurt, MA Cai, Z Ilinski, PP Kulpa, CF Legnini, DG Nealson, KH Pratt, ST Rodrigues, W Tischler, ML Yun, W AF Kemner, KM Lai, B Maser, J Schneegurt, MA Cai, Z Ilinski, PP Kulpa, CF Legnini, DG Nealson, KH Pratt, ST Rodrigues, W Tischler, ML Yun, W BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI Use of the high-energy X-ray microprobe at the advanced photon source to investigate the interactions between metals and bacteria SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA AB Understanding the fate of heavy-metal contaminants in the environment is of fundamental importance in the development and evaluation of effective remediation and sequestration strategies. Among the factors influencing the transport of these contaminants are their chemical speciation and the chemical and physical attributes of the surrounding medium. Bacteria and the extracellular material associated with them are thought to play a key role in determining a contaminant's speciation and thus its mobility in the environment. In addition, the microenvironment at and adjacent to actively metabolizing cell surfaces can be significantly different from the bulk environment. Thus, the spatial distribution and chemical speciation of contaminants and elements that are key to biological processes must be characterized at micron and submicron resolution in order to understand the microscopic physical, geological, chemical, and biological interfaces that determine a contaminant's macroscopic fate. Hard X-ray microimaging is a powerful technique for the element-specific investigation of complex environmental samples at the needed micron and submicron resolution. An important advantage of this technique results from the large penetration depth of hard X-rays in water. This advantage minimizes the requirements for sample preparation and allows the detailed study of hydrated samples. This paper presents results of studies of the spatial distribution of naturally occurring metals and a heavy-metal contaminant (Cr) in and near hydrated bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) in the early stages of biofilm development, performed at the Advanced Photon Source Sector 2 X-ray microscopy beamline. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kulpa, CF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000054 ER PT S AU Cai, Z Lai, B Yun, W Ilinski, P Legnini, D Maser, J Rodrigues, W AF Cai, Z Lai, B Yun, W Ilinski, P Legnini, D Maser, J Rodrigues, W BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI A hard x-ray scanning microprobe for fluorescence imaging and microdiffraction at the advanced photon source SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA ID ZONE PLATES; MICROSPECTROSCOPY AB A hard x-ray scanning microprobe based on zone plate optics and undulator radiation, in the energy region from 6 to 20 keV, has reached a focal spot size (FWHM) of 0.15 mum (v) x 0.6 mum (h), and a photon flux of 4x10(9) photons/sec/0.01%BW. Using a slit 44 meters upstream to create a virtual source, a circular beam spot of 0.15 mum in diameter can be obtained with a photon flux of one order of magnitude less. During fluorescence mapping of trace elements in a single human ovarian cell, the microprobe exhibited an imaging sensitivity for Pt (L-alpha line) of 80 attograms/mum(2) for a count rate of 10 counts per second. The x-ray microprobe has been used to map crystallographic strain and multiquantum well thickness in micro-optoelectronic devices produced with the selective area growth technique. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cai, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 472 EP 477 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000083 ER PT S AU Denbeaux, G Johnson, L Meyer-Ilse, W AF Denbeaux, G Johnson, L Meyer-Ilse, W BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI Spectromicroscopy at the XM-1 SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA AB The XM-1 x-ray microscope was built to obtain high-resolution transmission images from a wide variety of thick (< 10 micron) samples. Modeled after a conventional full-field microscope, XM-1 makes use of zone plates for the condenser and objective elements. Recent work has enabled the microscope to be used for spectroscopic imaging as well. The bandwidth of light on the sample is limited by a linear monochromator which is formed by the combination of a condenser zone plate (CZP) and a pinhole at the sample plane. This combination gives a good spectral resolution which has been measured to be lambda/Deltalambda = 700. This is high enough to be able to distinguish between different elements and even some chemical states on the same scale as the spatial resolution of the instrument which is 36 nm. The measured spectral resolution and the calculated spectral resolution will both be shown. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Denbeaux, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 478 EP 483 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000084 ER PT S AU Yun, W Howells, MR Feng, J Celestree, R Chang, CH MacDowell, AA Padmore, A Spence, J AF Yun, W Howells, MR Feng, J Celestree, R Chang, CH MacDowell, AA Padmore, A Spence, J BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI Hard x-ray microscopy and tomography at the ALS: Experiments and plans SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA ID ZONE PLATES AB A hard x-ray imaging microscope with a spatial resolution of 0.12 mum was developed and tested using synchrotron radiation. The microscope can be operated in either dark-field or bright-field mode. Phase contrast is employed in the dark-field mode while absorption contrast is used in the bright-field mode. The objective of the x-ray microscope is a phase zone plate fabricated using a x-ray lithographic technique. We describe the hardware of the microscope and present the results obtained from the microscope. Its potential applications will also be discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yun, W (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 529 EP 534 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000095 ER PT S AU Howells, MR Calef, B Jacobsen, CJ Spence, JH Yun, W AF Howells, MR Calef, B Jacobsen, CJ Spence, JH Yun, W BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI A modern approach to x-ray holography SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA ID COMPLEX-VALUED OBJECT; PHASE-RETRIEVAL; RECONSTRUCTION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MICROSCOPY; SUPPORT AB We consider technical approaches to the problem of making 3-D images of large (>10 mum) life-science samples with about 10 nm resolution. We find no existing methods and discuss the possibility of using soft x-ray diffractive techniques especially holography. We propose a new form of Fourier transform x-ray holography using a reference object consisting of an array of small pinholes formed by etching nuclear tracks. This scheme promises high resolution and a simple way to determine both the phase and amplitude of the diffracted wavefield. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Howells, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 587 EP 592 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000106 ER PT S AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Lee, SH Chang, C Batson, P Attwood, D Bokor, J AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Lee, SH Chang, C Batson, P Attwood, D Bokor, J BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI The PS/PDI: a high accuracy development tool for diffraction limited short-wavelength optics SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA ID INTERFEROMETRY; RADIATION AB The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) was developed and implemented at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to meet the significant measurement challenge of characterizing EUV projection lithography optics. The PS/PDI has been in continuous use and under ongoing development since 1996. This unique and flexible tool is applicable to any imaging system with real conjugate points, including Schwarschild objectives, Fresnel zone plates, and Kirkpatrick-Baez systems. Here we describe recent improvements made to the. interferometer, and we summarize metrology results from state-of-the-art 10x-reduction EUV Schwarschild objective. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 595 EP 600 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000107 ER PT S AU Maser, J Lai, B Cai, Z Rodrigues, W Legnini, D Ilinski, P Yun, W Chen, Z Krasnoperova, AA Vladimirsky, Y Cerrina, F Di Fabrizio, E Gentili, M AF Maser, J Lai, B Cai, Z Rodrigues, W Legnini, D Ilinski, P Yun, W Chen, Z Krasnoperova, AA Vladimirsky, Y Cerrina, F Di Fabrizio, E Gentili, M BE MeyerIlse, W Warwick, T Attwood, D TI Performance of hard x-ray zone plates at the advanced photon source SO X-RAY MICROSCOPY, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL BERKELEY, CA AB Fresnel zone plates have been highly successful as focusing and imaging optics for soft x-ray microscopes and microprobes. More recently, with the advent of third-generation high-energy storage rings, zone plates for the hard x-ray regime have been put to use as well. The performance of zone plates manufactured using a combination of electron-beam lithography and x-ray lithography is described. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maser, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-926-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 507 BP 708 EP 713 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA BX39K UT WOS:000185143000127 ER PT J AU Pang, JS Trinkle, J AF Pang, JS Trinkle, J TI Stability characterizations of rigid body contact problems with Coulomb friction SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLIES; OBJECTS AB This paper formally introduces several stability characterizations of systems of rigid bodies initially at rest and in unilateral contact with dry friction. These characterizations, weak stability and strong stability (and their complements), arise naturally from the dynamic model of the system. formulated as a complementarity problem. Using the tools of complementarity theory, these characterizations are studied in detail to understand their properties and to develop techniques to identify the stability classifications of general systems subjected to known external loads. MSC (1991): 73K10, 73T05. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jsp@vcp1.mts.jhu.edu; jctrink@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 2000 VL 80 IS 10 BP 643 EP 663 DI 10.1002/1521-4001(200010)80:10<643::AID-ZAMM643>3.0.CO;2-E PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 363PN UT WOS:000089843900001 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Haverlock, TJ Sachleben, RA AF Bryan, JC Haverlock, TJ Sachleben, RA TI Crystal structure of biscalix[4]arene-crown-6, C64H60O6 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE-NEW CRYSTAL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB C64H60O6, triclinic, P (1) over bar (No, 2), a = 8.907(2) Angstrom, b = 12.002(2) Angstrom, c = 12.844(2) Angstrom, alpha = 92.25(1)degrees, beta = 108.27(1)degrees, gamma = 107.04(1)degrees, V = 1233.5 Angstrom(3), Z = 1, R-gt(F) = 0.054, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0.163, T = 297 K. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1433-7266 J9 Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST JI Z. Krist.-New Cryst. Struct. PY 2000 VL 215 IS 3 BP 439 EP 440 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 335LK UT WOS:000088244800064 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC AF Bryan, JC TI Crystal structure of caesium tetraphenylborate, (C24H20B)Cs SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE-NEW CRYSTAL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID METAL AB C24H20BCs, tetragonal, I (4) over bar 2m (No. 121), a = 11.1647(5) Angstrom, c = 8.3352(4) Angstrom, V = 1039.0 Angstrom(3), Z = 2, R-gt(F) = 0.013, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0.033, T = 100 K. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1433-7266 J9 Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST JI Z. Krist.-New Cryst. Struct. PY 2000 VL 215 IS 4 BP 621 EP 622 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 361NX UT WOS:000089730100070 ER PT J AU Verkhovskii, SV Malkin, BZ Trokiner, A Yakubovskii, A Haller, E Ananyev, A Gerashenko, A Piskunov, Y Saikin, S Tikhomirov, A Ozhogin, V AF Verkhovskii, SV Malkin, BZ Trokiner, A Yakubovskii, A Haller, E Ananyev, A Gerashenko, A Piskunov, Y Saikin, S Tikhomirov, A Ozhogin, V TI Quadrupole effects on Ge-73 NMR spectra in isotopically controlled Ge single crystals SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION A-A JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions (XVth NQI 99) CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL UNIV LEIPZIG, LEIPZIG, GERMANY SP Minist Higher Educ, Res & Culture Freestate Saxony, Bruker-Analyt GmbH HO UNIV LEIPZIG DE isotopic disorder; Ge single crystal; NMR spectra; quadrupole effects ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GERMANIUM AB NMR spectra of Ge-73 (nuclear spin I=9/2) in perfect single crystals of germanium with different isotopic content were measured at 80, 300, and 450 K. The observed specific line shapes gave evidence of the isotopic disorder, in particular, abnormal broadening of the spectrum was found for the magnetic field directed along the [111] axis. Local lattice deformations in the germanium crystal lattice due to "isotopic disorder" were calculated in the framework of the adiabatic bond charge model. The results were applied to study random non-cubic crystal field interactions with the nuclear quadrupole moments and corresponding effects on NMR spectra. The simulated second moment of the resonance frequency distributions caused by the magnetic dipole-dipole and electric quadrupole interactions are used to analyze the lineshapes, theoretical predictions being in a qualitative agreement with the experimental data. C1 Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind, Paris, France. RAS, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg, Russia. Kazan State Univ, Dept Phys, Kazan 420008, Russia. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Yakubovskii, A (reprint author), Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, France. RI Saikin, Semion/A-3989-2010; Malkin, Boris/I-5356-2012; Piskunov, Yuri/J-7799-2013; Verkhovskii, Stanislav/K-2863-2013; Gerashenko, Alexander/J-9321-2013 OI Saikin, Semion/0000-0003-1924-3961; Malkin, Boris/0000-0003-1976-7941; Piskunov, Yuri/0000-0002-6115-6207; Verkhovskii, Stanislav/0000-0002-8035-9544; Gerashenko, Alexander/0000-0002-9114-7141 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0784 J9 Z NATURFORSCH A JI Z. Naturfors. Sect. A-J. Phys. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 289AB UT WOS:000085596200017 ER PT J AU Qin, D Hartland, GV Chen, CL Dai, HL AF Qin, D Hartland, GV Chen, CL Dai, HL TI Collisional deactivation of highly vibrationally excited SO2: A time-resolved FTIR emission spectroscopy study SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SO2; IR emission; high vibrational levels; energy transfer ID ELECTRONIC GROUND-STATE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; PUMPING SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-EMISSION; LEVEL STRUCTURE; NO2; RELAXATION; PHOTOLYSIS; EXCITATION AB Time-resolved Fourier transform IR emission spectroscopy, capable of 10(-8) s and 0.1 cm(-1) spectral resolution, has been used to study the collisional deactivation of highly vibrationally excited SO2 by bath-gas molecules Ar, N-2, O-2, CO2 and SF6. The vibrationally excited SO2 were initially prepared with 32,500 cm(-1) energy in the (X) over tilde (1)A(1) state by the pulsed 308 nm laser excitation followed by internal conversion. The entire collisional deactivation process of the excited SO2 was monitored by time-resolved IR emission spectra through the IR active transitions. The average energy, (E), of excited SO2 was extracted from the IR emission bands using known vibrational constants and selection rules. (E) is further used to derive the average energy loss per collision, (DeltaE), by each of the bath-gas molecules. The results show that (DeltaE) increases from mono- and diatomic quenchers to more complex polyatomic molecules, as V-V energy transfer contributes to V-T/R. For all bath molecules, (DeltaE) increases with (E) and displays a marked increase at (E) approximate to 20,000 cm(-1). The observed threshold behavior most likely arises from intramolecular vibronic coupling within SO2 and implies the importance of long range interaction in intermolecular energy transfer. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dai, HL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Qin, Dong/E-1434-2011; Hartland, Gregory/K-2694-2012 NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2000 VL 214 BP 1501 EP 1519 DI 10.1524/zpch.2000.214.11.1501 PN 11 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 380HM UT WOS:000165694200004 ER PT J AU Shiell, RC Evans, M Stimson, S Hsu, CW Ng, CY Hepburn, JW AF Shiell, RC Evans, M Stimson, S Hsu, CW Ng, CY Hepburn, JW TI A ZEKE photoelectron study of the D-2 Pi and 3(2)Sigma(+) satellite states of CO+ SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-IONIZATION PHOTOELECTRON; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CI CALCULATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; SPECTRUM AB The zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectrum of CO has been obtained from 22.3-23.75 eV with resolution of 0.7 meV and shows the structure of the (DII)-I-2 (nu(+)= 0-8) and 3(2)Sigma(+) (nu(+) = 0-4) bands. The intensity with which these are formed at threshold, band origins, rotational constants and spin orbit splittings of the (DII)-I-2 state are reported. The decreased Lifetimes of the (DII)-I-2, nu(+) = 3, 4 levels are also recorded. All states observed are above the lowest dissociation limit of the ion, and these spectra provide information about the intramolecular dynamics in this high energy region. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shiell, RC (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 1999 VL 315 IS 5-6 BP 390 EP 396 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01261-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 272KN UT WOS:000084649300012 ER PT J AU Lee, BI Wilson, DM AF Lee, BI Wilson, DM TI The RAD2 domain of human exonuclease 1 exhibits 5 ' to 3 ' exonuclease and flap structure-specific endonuclease activities SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE EXO1; EUKARYOTIC DNA-REPLICATION; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MUTATION AVOIDANCE; MISMATCH REPAIR; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; CONDITIONAL LETHALITY; POLYMERASE-I AB The RAD2 family of nucleases includes human XPG (Class I), FEN1 (Class II), and HEX1/hEXO1 (Class In) products gene. These proteins exhibit a blend of substrate specific exo- and endonuclease activities and contribute to repair, recombination, and/or replication. To date, the substrate preferences of the EXO1-liIre Glass III proteins have not been thoroughly defined, We report here that the RAD2 domain of human exonuclease 1 (HEX1-N2) exhibits both a robust 5' to 3' exonuclease activity on single- and double-stranded DNA substrates as well as a flap structure-specific endonuclease activity but does not show specific endonuclease activity at 10-base pair bubble-like structures, G:T mismatches, or uracil residues. Both the 5' to 3' exonuclease and flap endonuclease activities require a divalent metal cofactor, with Mg2+ being the preferred metal ion. HEX1-N2 is similar to 3-fold less active in Mn2+-containing buffers and exhibits <5% activity in the presence of Co2+, Zn2+, or Ca2+, The optimal pH range for the nuclease activities: of HEX1-N2 is 7.2-8.2, The specific activity of its 5' to 3' exonuclease function is 2.5-7-fold higher on blunt end and 5'-recessed double-stranded DNA substrates compared with duplex 5'-overhang or single-stranded DNAs, The Bap endonuclease activity of HEX1-N2 is similar to that of human flap endonuclease-1, both in terms of turnover efficiency (k(cat)) and site of incision, and is as efficient (k(cat)/K-m) as its exonuclease function. The nuclease activities of HEX1-N2 described here indicate functions for the EXO1-like proteins in replication, repair, and/or recombination that may overlap with human flap endonuclease-1. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol & Struct Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wilson, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol & Struct Biol Div, L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA79056] NR 55 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 31 PY 1999 VL 274 IS 53 BP 37763 EP 37769 DI 10.1074/jbc.274.53.37763 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 270GW UT WOS:000084528000037 PM 10608837 ER PT J AU Shalliker, RA Broyles, BS Guiochon, G AF Shalliker, RA Broyles, BS Guiochon, G TI Visualization of viscous fingering in high-performance liquid chromatographic columns - Influence of the header design SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Preparative Chromatography (PREP 99) CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Washington Chromatog Discuss Grp, Ca Separat Sci Soc DE viscous fingering; header design; column headers ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; RADIAL HOMOGENEITY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; EFFICIENCY; DISPERSION; VISCOSITY; MIGRATION AB Using an on-column visualization technique, band profiles of solutes migrating along an HPLC column were studied, The study showed that, under conditions where viscous fingering is prevalent, the design of the inlet header has little influence on the outcome of the viscous fingers. Two types of headers were studied. The first contained a small diameter inlet frit, which localized the majority of the sample in or near the central region of the column. The second header contained a wide frit and produced a more uniform radial distribution of the sample. In both cases, the extent of viscous fingering was essentially the same. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 611 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 23 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 31 PY 1999 VL 865 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00919-X PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 272FJ UT WOS:000084639600007 PM 10674931 ER PT J AU Shalliker, RA Broyles, BS Guiochon, G AF Shalliker, RA Broyles, BS Guiochon, G TI Visualization of sample introduction in liquid chromatographic columns - Contribution of a flow distributor on the sample band shape SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Preparative Chromatography (PREP 99) CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Washington Chromatog Discuss Grp, Ca Separat Sci Soc DE visualization; sample introduction; band profiles; flow distributor ID RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; DISPERSION; MIGRATION; VELOCITY AB The contributions to the radial distribution of the sample concentration across the column inlet and to the axial band dispersion resulting from a column header containing a distributor were evaluated using a band-visualization process entailing matching the refractive indices of the stationary and mobile phases in a glass column. This study illustrates graphically how a distributor fitted to the column can increase the axial dispersion of the sample band compared to an inlet containing only a frit. The distributor did not provide a uniform sample distribution across the column. In fact, for 17-mm inner diameter columns and high-porosity frits, the distribution was no better than with the frit having no distributor. However, when low-porosity frits were employed, improved peak shapes were obtained with a distributor. In addition, we observed that the inlet header configuration influenced dramatically the flow stream established along the column. The radial distribution of the efficiency of the columns was nearly homogeneous for those having only a frit but not for those having also a distributor. For the latter, the efficiency decreased from the column axis to its wall. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 611 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 31 PY 1999 VL 865 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00852-3 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 272FJ UT WOS:000084639600008 PM 10674932 ER PT J AU Choo, H Rangaswamy, P Bourke, MAM AF Choo, H Rangaswamy, P Bourke, MAM TI Internal strain evolution during heating of Ti-6Al-4V/SCS-6 composite SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE neutron scattering; titanium; composites; residual strain ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; FIBERS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Choo, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC 31 PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00334-6 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 277GN UT WOS:000084924500011 ER PT J AU Misra, A Verdier, M Kung, H Embury, JD Hirth, JP AF Misra, A Verdier, M Kung, H Embury, JD Hirth, JP TI Deformation mechanism maps for polycrystalline metallic multilayers (vol 41, pg 973, 1999) SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC 31 PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 219 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00413-3 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 277GN UT WOS:000084924500018 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Tyner, RP Alam, TM Scott, BL Ziller, JW Potter, BG AF Boyle, TJ Tyner, RP Alam, TM Scott, BL Ziller, JW Potter, BG TI Implications for the thin-film densification of TiO2 from carboxylic acid-modified titanium alkoxides. Syntheses, characterizations, X-ray structures of Ti-3(mu(3)-O)(O2CH)(2)(ONep)(8), Ti-3(mu(3)-O)(O2CMe)(2)(ONep)(8), Ti-6(mu(3)-O)(6)(O2CCHMe2)(6)(ONep)(6), [Ti(mu-O2CCMe3)(ONep)(3)](2), and Ti-3(mu(3)-O)(O2CCH2CMe3)(2)(ONep)(8) (ONep = OCH2CMe3) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PRECURSORS; CLUSTER; STATE AB Carboxylic acid (HORc)-modified Ti(OR)(4) products were used to study the effect that similarly ligated species with substantially varied structures have on the final densification of the resultant ceramic (in this case TiO2). The 1:1 stoichiometric products isolated from the reactions of [Ti(mu-ONep)(ONep)(3)](2) (1, ONep = OCH2CMe3) and a variety of sterically hindered carboxylic acids [HORc: HOFc (HO2CH), HOAc (HO2CCH3), HOPc (HO2CCHMe2), HOBc (HO2CCMe3), or HONc (HO2CCH2CMe3)] were identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and solid-state C-13 MAS NMR spectroscopy as Ti-3(mu(3)-O)(OFc)(2)(ONep)(8) (2), Ti-3(mu(3)-O)(OAc)(2)(ONep)(8) (3), Ti-6(mu(3)-O)(6)(OPc)(6)(ONep)(6) (4), Ti-2(mu-OBC)(2)(ONep)(6) (5), and Ti-3(mu(3)-O)(ONc)(2)(ONep)(8) (6). Compounds 2, 3, and 6 adopt a triangular arrangement of Ti atoms linked by a mu(3)-oxide moiety with ORc and ONep ligands supporting the basic framework. Compound 4 adopts a distorted, hexagon-prism geometry of two offset [Ti-O-](3) rings with each six-coordinated metal possessing a terminal ONep and two monodentate OPc ligands. The unique, nonesterified product 5 is dimeric with two mu-ONep, two unidentate bridging OBc, and two terminal ONep Ligands. The solution behaviors of 2-6 were investigated by NMR experiments and were found to retain the solid-state structure in solution with a great deal of ligand rearrangement. Films of TiO2 were made from redissolved crystals of 2-6. The highest density TiO2 thin films were derived from the partially hydrolyzed, trinuclear, low-carbon-containing ONep complexes 2 and 3, as determined from ellipsometric data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Aging & Reliabil, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Xray Diffract Lab, CST 18, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Xray Diffract Lab, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 57 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 51 BP 12104 EP 12112 DI 10.1021/ja992521w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 270YP UT WOS:000084565000020 ER PT J AU Taulelle, F Pruski, M Amoureux, JP Lang, D Bailly, A Huguenard, C Haouas, M Gerardin, C Loiseau, T Ferey, G AF Taulelle, F Pruski, M Amoureux, JP Lang, D Bailly, A Huguenard, C Haouas, M Gerardin, C Loiseau, T Ferey, G TI Isomerization of the prenucleation building unit during crystallization of ALPO(4)-CJ2: An MQMAS, CP-MQMAS, and HETCOR NMR study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; OXYFLUORINATED MICROPOROUS COMPOUNDS; NONCENTROSYMMETRIC LAYER-STRUCTURE; TOPOLOGICALLY RELATED MOTIFS; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; ALUMINUM PHOSPHATES; CROSS-POLARIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAS-NMR; QUANTUM AB The structure of AlPO4-CJ2 aluminophosphate has been reinvestigated by MAS, MQMAS (multiple quantum magic angle spinning), CP-MQMAS (cross polarization-MQMAS), and HETCOR (heteronuclear correlation) NMR spectroscopy. The CP-MQMAS method showed that the sample, when not allowed adequate time for crystallization, included a substantial concentration of amorphous species. The crystalline component was cleanly singled out by this technique. We discuss the relative populations and the distributions of F and OH groups within the structural building units (SBUs) and the distribution of various SBUs within the crystalline structure of AlPO4-CJ2. For the latter case, a mixture of SBUs is demonstrated from the F-19 --> P-31 HETCOR spectrum. Prenucleation building units (PNBUs) are the principal objects used for efficient crystal formation. They may undergo an isomerization to reach the proper configuration to integrate into the solid network. The isomerization implies formation of a bridge within the PNBU, probably at random with respect to OH or F. As integration in the network is taking place parallel to isomerization, the network forms as domains containing a mixture of the different types of SBUs. C1 Univ Strasbourg 1, Bruker CNRS, UMR 7510, RMN & Chim Solide, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, UFR Phys, URA 801, Lab Dynam & Struct Mat Mol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Versailles St Quentin, UMR 173, IREM, Inst Lavoisier, F-78035 Versailles, France. RP Taulelle, F (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg 1, Bruker CNRS, UMR 7510, RMN & Chim Solide, 4 Rus Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. NR 25 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 29 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 51 BP 12148 EP 12153 DI 10.1021/ja991295n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 270YP UT WOS:000084565000024 ER EF