FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Custers, J Gegenwart, P Geibel, C Steglich, F Tayama, T Trovarelli, O Harrison, N AF Custers, J Gegenwart, P Geibel, C Steglich, F Tayama, T Trovarelli, O Harrison, N TI Low-temperature magnetic and transport properties of the clean NFL system YbRh2(Si1-xGex)(2) SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th School on Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena to the Scientific Community CY JUN 21-24, 2001 CL LADEK ZDROJ, POLAND ID PRESSURE AB High-quality single crystals of YbRh2 (Si1-xGex)(2) (x = 0, 0.05) have been studied by low-temperature (T) and high-magnetic-field (B) measurements of the electrical resistivity rho (T, B), dc-magnetization M(T, B) and,(T, B). For the undoped compound (x = 0) a magnetic ac-susceptibility chi (ac) weak AntiFerromagnetic (AF) transition at T-N similar or equal to 70 mK is observed which can be suppressed for small fields B-c similar or equal to 0.06T and 0.7T applied along the crystallographic alpha- and c-direction, respectively. Below T-N, a rho (T) = rho (0) + aT(2) behavior is found with very low residual resistivity rho (0) similar or equal to 1 mu Omega cm. Above T-N pronounced Non-Fermi-Liquid (NFL) effects axe observed with a linear T-dependence of the electrical resistivity. A small volume expansion of DeltaV approximate to +0.3 % is sufficient to tune the system YbRh2 (Si1-xGex)(2) to its Quantum Critical Point (QCP) at x(c) = (0.06 +/- 0.01). The x = 0.05 compound shows a p(T) = rho (0) + bT dependence from below 10 mK up to above 10 K. The low rho (0) approximate to 5 mu Omega cm proves that this NFL behavior is intrinsic due to the proximity to the QCP and not related to the disorder induced by Ge-alloying. No evidence for a metamagnetic phase transition in fields up to 56 T applied along the magnetic hard direction (B \ \ c) has been observed. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Custers, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RI Custers, Jeroen/D-8011-2016; Gegenwart, Philipp/A-7291-2017 OI Custers, Jeroen/0000-0001-6974-1489; NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD OCT PY 2001 VL 32 IS 10 SI SI BP 3211 EP 3217 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 496BQ UT WOS:000172375300004 ER PT J AU Palakal, MJ Pidaparti, RMV Rebbapragada, S Jones, CR AF Palakal, MJ Pidaparti, RMV Rebbapragada, S Jones, CR TI Intelligent computational methods for corrosion damage assessment SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TEXTURE-DISCRIMINATION; SEGMENTATION AB Corrosion is one of the damage mechanisms affecting the structural integrity of aging aircraft structures. Various nondestructive inspection (NDI) techniques are being used to obtain images of corroded regions on structures. A computational approach using wavelet transforms and artificial neural networks to analyze and quantify the extent of corrosion damage from the NDI images is described. The wavelet parameters obtained from the images were first used to classify between corroded and uncorroded regions using a clustering algorithm. The corroded regions were further analyzed to obtain the material loss due to corrosion using an artificial neural network model. Experiments were carried out to investigate the developed methods for aircraft panels with engineered corrosion obtained from the Federal Aviation Administration Validation Center in Albuquerque. The results presented indicate that the computational methods developed for corrosion analysis seem to provide reasonable results for estimating material loss due to corrosion damage. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Senior Tech Staff, Fed Aviat Adm, Nondestruct Inspect Validat Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Palakal, MJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, 723 W Michigan St,SL 280, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1936 EP 1943 DI 10.2514/2.1183 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 480CV UT WOS:000171445200013 ER PT J AU Clark, BM St Claire, LL Mangelson, NF Rees, LB Grant, PG Bench, GS AF Clark, BM St Claire, LL Mangelson, NF Rees, LB Grant, PG Bench, GS TI Characterization of mycobiont adaptations in the foliose lichen Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa (Parmeliaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE calcium oxalates; lichen; mycobiont; Parmeliaceae; proton microprobe PIXE ID SCANNING PROTON MICROPROBE; CALCIUM-OXALATE; RENAISSANCE FRESCOES; NUCLEAR MICROSCOPY; ENCRUSTATIONS; LOCALIZATION; ELEMENTS; PIXE; BIODETERIORATION AB A cross section of the vagrant soil lichen Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa was analyzed using proton microprobe PIXE. Data were used to generate quantitative, two-dimensional element distribution maps for Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Sr. Element maps show differential element partitioning between the stratified lavers of the thallus. These data document transfer of inorganic nutrients across the thallus to the algal laver. Inorganic particle entrapment was also evident in the element maps. Dense accumulations of calcium oxalate at the junction of the medulla and the algal layer on the order of 10% by dry mass were discovered. Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analyses were used to characterize the calcium oxalate region. These data provide evidence for possible functional roles of the calcium oxalate laver. including regulation of water and light. Data also provide support for a mutualistic interpretation of the lichen association. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mangelson, NF (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1742 EP 1749 DI 10.2307/3558348 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 483YY UT WOS:000171664500002 PM 21669605 ER PT J AU Naylor, SL Davalos, AR Hensel, CH Xiang, RH AF Naylor, SL Davalos, AR Hensel, CH Xiang, RH TI Suppression of tumor formation by expression of semaphorin 3F in HEY ovarian carcinoma but not in GLC45 small cell lung cancer cells. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Myriad Genet, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 340 BP 242 EP 242 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648900340 ER PT J AU Cosentino, L Marchetti, F Mabery, S Bishop, J Wyrobek, AJ AF Cosentino, L Marchetti, F Mabery, S Bishop, J Wyrobek, AJ TI Paternal exposure to cyclophosphamide induces chromosomal damage and differential DNA repair gene expression in mouse zygotes and 2-cell embryos. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. NIEHS, Expt Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 787 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648900787 ER PT J AU Marchetti, F Essers, J Kanaar, R Wyrobek, AJ AF Marchetti, F Essers, J Kanaar, R Wyrobek, AJ TI mRad54 is a key protein In the maternal repair of ionizing radiation-induced sperm lesions. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BBRP, Livermore, CA USA. Erasmus Univ, Rotterdam, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 902 BP 337 EP 337 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648900902 ER PT J AU Knepper, JL Ahima, RS Patel, HR Ohta, T Rinchik, EM Bogdanovich, S Khurana, TS Nicholls, RD AF Knepper, JL Ahima, RS Patel, HR Ohta, T Rinchik, EM Bogdanovich, S Khurana, TS Nicholls, RD TI Hypoglycemia and abnormal metabolism associated with failure-to-thrive of neonatal Prader-Willi syndrome mice. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 927 BP 341 EP 341 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648900927 ER PT J AU Tomascik-Cheeseman, LM Marchetti, F Coleman, MA Yin, E Rankin, K Nath, J Wyrobek, AJ AF Tomascik-Cheeseman, LM Marchetti, F Coleman, MA Yin, E Rankin, K Nath, J Wyrobek, AJ TI Microarray transcriptional profiling of mammalian male meiosis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 953 BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648900955 ER PT J AU Wyrobek, AJ Coleman, MA Mabery, S Marsh, BJ Raja, R Taylor, TB Marchetti, F AF Wyrobek, AJ Coleman, MA Mabery, S Marsh, BJ Raja, R Taylor, TB Marchetti, F TI Microarray transcriptional profiling of DNA repair-related genes in mammalian oocytes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Arcturus, Mt View, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 952 BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648900952 ER PT J AU Wen, J Noguchi, T Shigematsu, K AF Wen, J Noguchi, T Shigematsu, K TI Tal1 binding to centromeric satellite DNA: A new role for Tal1 in transcription repression. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, NIDDK, LCB, Bethesda, MD USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 1078 BP 367 EP 367 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648901078 ER PT J AU Zhao, S Eichler, E Shvartsbeyn, A Krol, M Cheng, J AF Zhao, S Eichler, E Shvartsbeyn, A Krol, M Cheng, J TI Primate genome evolution analyses with BAC end sequences. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Genom Res, Dept Mamalian Genom, Rockville, MD USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 1622 BP 459 EP 459 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648901621 ER PT J AU Coleman, MA Yin, E Marsh, BJ Peterson, LE Sorensen, K Tucker, J Wyrobek, AJ AF Coleman, MA Yin, E Marsh, BJ Peterson, LE Sorensen, K Tucker, J Wyrobek, AJ TI Microarray transcriptional profiling of the adaptive response in human lymphoblastoid cells. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 1693 BP 471 EP 471 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648901695 ER PT J AU Ghebranious, NR Che, J David, D Rusch, T Chudyk, J Fieweger, K Dickinson, B Fan, Y Zhao, C Yu, A Marth, G Doktycz, M Weber, JL AF Ghebranious, NR Che, J David, D Rusch, T Chudyk, J Fieweger, K Dickinson, B Fan, Y Zhao, C Yu, A Marth, G Doktycz, M Weber, JL TI Genotyping diallelic insertion/deletion polymorphisms. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Ctr Med Genet, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 2104 BP 540 EP 540 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648902105 ER PT J AU Kota, S Joo, JY Li, Z Rodgers, SM Sniegowski, J AF Kota, S Joo, JY Li, Z Rodgers, SM Sniegowski, J TI Design of compliant mechanisms: Applications to MEMS SO ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Design Test Integration and Packaging on MEMS/MOEMS CY MAY 09-11, 2000 CL PARIS DE MEMS; compliant mechanism; topology synthesis; size and shape synthesis ID TOPOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS; OPTIMIZATION AB Compliant mechanisms are single-piece flexible structures that deliver the desired motion by undergoing elastic deformation as opposed to jointed rigid body motions of conventional mechanisms. Compliance in design leads to jointless, no-assembly (Fig. 1), monolithic mechanical devices and is particularly suited for applications with small range of motions. The compliant windshield wiper shown in Fig. 1 illustrates this paradigm of no-assembly. Conventional flexural mechanisms employ flexural joints that connect relatively rigid links as depicted in Fig. 2. Reduced fatigue life, high stress concentration and difficulty in fabrication are some of the drawbacks of flexural joints. Our focus is on designing compliant mechanisms with distributed compliance which employs flexural links (see Fig. 3) and have no joints (neither pin nor flexural joints) for improved reliability, performance, and ease of manufacture. Distributed compliant mechanisms derive their flexibility due to topology and shape of the material continuum rather than concentrated flexion at few regions. This paper focuses on the unique methodology employed to design jointless mechanisms with distributed compliance. The paper also illustrates a compliant stroke amplification mechanism that was recently designed, fabricated and tested for MEMS application. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Micromachine Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kota, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 11 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-1030 J9 ANALOG INTEGR CIRC S JI Analog Integr. Circuits Process. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 15 DI 10.1023/A:1011265810471 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 463RG UT WOS:000170490600002 ER PT J AU Rudd, RE AF Rudd, RE TI The atomic limit of finite element modeling in MEMS: Coupling of length scales SO ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Design Test Integration and Packaging on MEMS/MOEMS CY MAY 09-11, 2000 CL PARIS DE MEMS; silicon resonator; coupling of length scales; finite elements; molecular dynamics ID DYNAMIC SIMULATION; SILICON; CANTILEVERS; DEVICES AB We describe concurrent multiscale simulations of the behavior of sub-micron Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), focusing on the dynamics and thermodynamics of micro-resonators as an archetypical example. The coupling of length scales methodology we have developed employs a conventional finite element model of the large-scale peripheral regions, but in the important central region the mesh would need to be collapsed to the atomic scale. Here an atomistic description is seamlessly coupled into the finite elements in order to give a very precise description of the dynamics of the few million atoms in this region. This novel technique accurately models the behavior of the mechanical components of MEMS down to the atomic scale. This article addresses general issues involved in this kind of multiscale simulation, with a particular emphasis on the technical details of how finite element analysis is extended to ensure a reliable model as the mesh spacing is refined to the atomic scale. We also discuss how the coupling of length scales technique has been used to identify atomistic effects in sub-micron resonators. These effects include a shift in the resonant frequency away from the value predicted by continuum elastic theory, new dissipation mechanisms due to surface processes and pronounced finite temperature effects. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-145, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-1030 J9 ANALOG INTEGR CIRC S JI Analog Integr. Circuits Process. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1023/A:1011217927309 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 463RG UT WOS:000170490600003 ER PT J AU Bartram, ME AF Bartram, ME TI GC/MS analyses of chemical vapor deposition precursors SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; ARSINE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bartram, ME (reprint author), Intel Corp, Defect Metrol, MS RA2-411, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 19 BP 534A EP 539A DI 10.1021/ac012517e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 478QL UT WOS:000171356800004 PM 11605861 ER PT J AU Reme, H Aoustin, C Bosqued, M Dandouras, I Lavraud, B Sauvaud, JA Barthe, A Bouyssou, J Camus, T Coeur-Joly, O Cros, A Cuvilo, J Ducay, F Garbarowitz, Y Medale, JL Penou, E Perrier, H Romefort, D Rouzaud, J Vallat, C Alcayde, D Jacquey, C Mazelle, C d'Uston, C Mobius, E Kistler, LM Crocker, K Granoff, M Mouikis, C Popecki, M Vosbury, M Klecker, B Hovestadt, D Kucharek, H Kuenneth, E Paschmann, G Scholer, M Sckopke, N Seidenschwang, E Carlson, CW Curtis, DW Ingraham, C Lin, RP McFadden, JP Parks, GK Phan, T Formisano, V Amata, E Bavassano-Cattaneo, MB Baldetti, P Bruno, R Chionchio, G Di Lellis, A Marcucci, MF Pallocchia, G Korth, A Daly, PW Graeve, B Rosenbauer, H Vasyliunas, V McCarthy, M Wilber, M Eliasson, L Lundin, R Olsen, S Shelley, EG Fuselier, S Ghielmetti, AG Lennartsson, W Escoubet, CP Balsiger, H Friedel, R Cao, JB Kovrazhkin, RA Papamastorakis, I Pellat, R Scudder, J Sonnerup, B AF Reme, H Aoustin, C Bosqued, M Dandouras, I Lavraud, B Sauvaud, JA Barthe, A Bouyssou, J Camus, T Coeur-Joly, O Cros, A Cuvilo, J Ducay, F Garbarowitz, Y Medale, JL Penou, E Perrier, H Romefort, D Rouzaud, J Vallat, C Alcayde, D Jacquey, C Mazelle, C d'Uston, C Mobius, E Kistler, LM Crocker, K Granoff, M Mouikis, C Popecki, M Vosbury, M Klecker, B Hovestadt, D Kucharek, H Kuenneth, E Paschmann, G Scholer, M Sckopke, N Seidenschwang, E Carlson, CW Curtis, DW Ingraham, C Lin, RP McFadden, JP Parks, GK Phan, T Formisano, V Amata, E Bavassano-Cattaneo, MB Baldetti, P Bruno, R Chionchio, G Di Lellis, A Marcucci, MF Pallocchia, G Korth, A Daly, PW Graeve, B Rosenbauer, H Vasyliunas, V McCarthy, M Wilber, M Eliasson, L Lundin, R Olsen, S Shelley, EG Fuselier, S Ghielmetti, AG Lennartsson, W Escoubet, CP Balsiger, H Friedel, R Cao, JB Kovrazhkin, RA Papamastorakis, I Pellat, R Scudder, J Sonnerup, B TI First multispacecraft ion measurements in and near the Earth's magnetosphere with the identical Cluster ion spectrometry (CIS) experiment SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; magnetopheric configuration and dynamics; solar wind; magnetosphere interactions ID PARALLEL COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PICK-UP IONS; PLASMA SHEET; SOLAR-WIND; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; AURORAL BULGE; BOW SHOCK; AMPTE IRM AB On board the four Cluster spacecraft, the Cluster Ion Spectrometry (CIS) experiment measures the full, three-dimensional ion distribution of the major magnetospheric ions (H+, He+, He++, and O+) from the thermal energies to about 40 keV/e. The experiment consists of two different instruments: a COmposition and DIstribution Function analyser (CIS1/CODIF), giving the mass per charge composition with medium (22.5degrees) angular resolution, and a Hot Ion Analyser (CIS2/HIA), which does not offer mass resolution but has a better angular resolution (5.6degrees) that is adequate for ion beam and solar wind measurements. Each analyser has two different sensitivities in order to increase the dynamic range. First tests of the intruments (commissioning activities) were achieved from early September 2000 to mid January 2001, and the operation phase began on I February 2001. In this paper, first results of the CIS instruments are presented showing the high level performances and capabilities of the instruments. Good examples of data were obtained in the central plasma sheet, magnetopause crossings, magnetosheath, solar wind and cusp measurements. Observations in the auroral regions could also be obtained with the Cluster spacecraft at radial distances of 4-6 Earth radii. These results show the tremendous interest of multispacecraft measurements with identical instruments and open a new area in magnetospheric and solar wind-magnetosphere interaction physics. C1 CESR, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. MPE, Garching, Germany. SSL, Berkeley, CA USA. IFSI, Rome, Italy. MPAE, Lindau, Germany. UW, Seattle, WA USA. IRF, Kiruna, Sweden. Lockheed, Palo Alto, CA USA. ESA, Estec, Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. CCSAR, Beijing, Peoples R China. IKI, Moscow, Russia. Univ Crete, Iraklion, Greece. Commissariat Energie Atom, Paris, France. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Reme, H (reprint author), CESR, BP 4346, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. EM Henri.Reme@cesr.fr RI Papamastorakis, Ioannis/G-7324-2011; Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118; Pallocchia, Giuseppe/0000-0003-0428-6993; Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978; bruno, roberto/0000-0002-2152-0115 NR 45 TC 856 Z9 867 U1 3 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 10-12 SI SI BP 1303 EP 1354 PG 54 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522AH UT WOS:000173873200010 ER PT J AU Wilken, B Daly, PW Mall, U Aarsnes, K Baker, DN Belian, RD Blake, JB Borg, H Buchner, J Carter, M Fennell, JF Friedel, R Fritz, TA Gliem, F Grande, M Kecskemety, K Kettmann, G Korth, A Livi, S McKenna-Lawlor, S Mursula, K Nikutowski, B Perry, CH Pu, ZY Roeder, J Reeves, GD Sarris, ET Sandahl, I Soraas, F Woch, J Zong, QG AF Wilken, B Daly, PW Mall, U Aarsnes, K Baker, DN Belian, RD Blake, JB Borg, H Buchner, J Carter, M Fennell, JF Friedel, R Fritz, TA Gliem, F Grande, M Kecskemety, K Kettmann, G Korth, A Livi, S McKenna-Lawlor, S Mursula, K Nikutowski, B Perry, CH Pu, ZY Roeder, J Reeves, GD Sarris, ET Sandahl, I Soraas, F Woch, J Zong, QG TI First results from the RAPID imaging energetic particle spectrometer on board Cluster SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; energetic particles, trapped; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; magnetosheath ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; MAGNETOPAUSE; PLASMA AB The advanced energetic particle spectrometer RAPID on board Cluster can provide a complete description of the relevant particle parameters velocity, V, and atomic mass, A, over an energy range from 30 keV up to 1.5 MeV. We present the first measurements taken by RAPID during the commissioning and the early operating phases. The orbit on 14 January 2001, when Cluster was travelling from a perigee near dawn northward across the pole towards an apogee in the solar wind, is used to demonstrate the capabilities of RAPID in investigating a wide variety of particle populations. RAPID, with its unique capability of measuring the complete angular distribution of energetic particles, allows for the simultaneous measurements of local density gradients, as reflected in the anisotropies of 90degrees particles and the remote sensing of changes in the distant field line topology, as manifested in the variations of loss cone properties. A detailed discussion of angle-angle plots shows considerable differences in the structure of the boundaries between the open and closed field lines on the nightside fraction of the pass and the magnetopause crossing. The 3 March 2001 encounter of Cluster with an FTE just outside the magnetosphere is used to show the first structural plasma investigations of an FTE by energetic multi-spacecraft observations. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. IRF, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. RAL, Didcot OX1 10QX, Oxon, England. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. IDA, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. KFKI, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. NUI, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. Univ Oulu, Oulu 90571, Finland. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Thrace, Xanthi, Greece. IRF, S-98128 Kiruna C, Sweden. RP Mall, U (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RI Buechner, Joerg/B-1213-2009; Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Mursula, Kalevi/L-8952-2014; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Mursula, Kalevi/0000-0003-4892-5056; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618 NR 9 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 5 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 10-12 SI SI BP 1355 EP 1366 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522AH UT WOS:000173873200011 ER PT J AU Dunlop, MW Balogh, A Cargill, P Elphic, RC Fornacon, KH Georgescu, E Sedgemore-Schulthess, F AF Dunlop, MW Balogh, A Cargill, P Elphic, RC Fornacon, KH Georgescu, E Sedgemore-Schulthess, F CA FGM Team TI Cluster observes the Earth's magnetopause: coordinated four-point magnetic field measurements SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause; cusp and boundary layers; space plasma physics; discontinuities; magnetic reconnection ID AMPTE/IRM OBSERVATIONS; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; ISEE OBSERVATIONS; LOCATION; MOTION AB The four-spacecraft Cluster mission has provided high-time resolution measurements of the magnetic field from closely maintained separation distances (200-600 km). Four-point coverage of the Earth's magnetopause began on the 9 and 10 November 2000 when all spacecraft first exited the dusk-side magnetosphere at about 19:00 LT, providing extensive coverage of the near flank magnetosheath and magnetopause boundary layer on re-entry to the magnetosphere. The traversals on this occasion were caused by the arrival of an intense CME at the Earth, which produced a large compression of the magnetopause and high magnetic activity. The magnetopause traversals represent an unprecedented data set, allowing detailed analysis of the local magnetic structure (gradients) and dynamics of the magnetopause boundary. By performing minimum variance analysis (MVA) on the magnetic field data from all four spacecraft, we demonstrate that the magnetopause was planar on the scale of the spacecraft separation scales and that the transverse scale size of the magnetopause boundary layer was 1000-1100 km. We also show that the motion of the boundary (defined by the magnetic shear at the current layer), is changing over the sequence of spacecraft crossings so that acceleration of the magnetopause can be very high in this region of the magnetosphere. Indeed, the magnetopause speed reaches the order of 300 km/s in response to the arrival of the interplanetary shock. Using MVA coordinates, we have identified a number of magnetospheric and magnetosheath FTE signatures, which are sampled simultaneously by all spacecraft at different distances from and on either side of the magnetopause. The signatures show a variation of scale with distance from the boundary. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Space & Atmospher Phys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. TUB, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Braunschweig, Germany. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. DSRI, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Dunlop, MW (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Space & Atmospher Phys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. EM m.dunlop@ic.ac.uk RI dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 19 IS 10-12 SI SI BP 1449 EP 1460 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522AH UT WOS:000173873200018 ER PT J AU Munoz-Cobo, JL Rugama, Y Valentine, TE Mihalczo, JT Perez, RB AF Munoz-Cobo, JL Rugama, Y Valentine, TE Mihalczo, JT Perez, RB TI Subcritical reactivity monitoring in accelerator driven systems SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID COUNTING STATISTICS; NUCLEAR ASSEMBLIES; TRANSPORT-THEORY; NEUTRON AB In this paper, an absolute measurements technique for the subcriticality determination is presented. The development of accelerator driven systems (ADS) requires the development of methods to monitor and control the subcriticality of this kind of system, without interfering with its normal operation mode. This method is based on the stochastic neutron and photon transport theory that can be implemented by presently available neutron transport codes. As a by-product of the methodology a monitoring measurement technique has been developed and verified using two coupled Monte Carlo programs. The first one, LAHET, simulates the spallation collisions and the high energy transport and the other, MCNPDSP, is used to estimate the counting statistics from neutron ray counter in fissile system, and the transport for neutrons with energies less than 20 Mev. Through the analysis of the counter detectors it is possible to determine the kinetics parameters and the k(eff) value. We present two different ways to obtain these parameters using the accelerator or using a Cf-252 source. A good agreement between theory and simulations has been obtained with both sources. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Instrumentat & Controls Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Munoz-Cobo, JL (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, POB 22012, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. OI Valentine, Timothy/0000-0001-7495-7348; Munoz-Cobo, Jose-Luis/0000-0002-4512-7991 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD OCT PY 2001 VL 28 IS 15 BP 1519 EP 1547 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(00)00141-9 PG 29 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 454JU UT WOS:000169970100003 ER PT J AU Hersman, LE Forsythe, JH Ticknor, LO Maurice, PA AF Hersman, LE Forsythe, JH Ticknor, LO Maurice, PA TI Growth of Pseudomonas mendocina on Fe(III) (hydr)Oxides SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROMOTED DISSOLUTION; ALUMINOUS GOETHITES; IRON; HEMATITE; FEOOH; SIDEROPHORES; BOEHMITE; GIBBSITE; OXIDES; ALOOH AB Although iron (Fe) is an essential element for almost all living organisms, little is known regarding its acquisition from the insoluble Fe(III) (hydr)oxides in aerobic environments. In this study a strict aerobe, Pseudomonas mendocina, was grown in batch culture with hematite, goethite, or ferrihydrite as a source of Fe. P. mendocina obtained Fe from these minerals in the following order: goethite > hematite > ferrihydrite. Furthermore, Fe release from each of the minerals appears to have occurred in excess, as evidenced by the growth of P. mendocina in the medium above that of the insoluble Fe(III) (hydr)oxide aggregates, and this release was independent of the mineral's surface area. These results demonstrate that an aerobic microorganism was able to obtain Fe for growth from several insoluble Fe minerals and did so with various growth rates. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Hersman, LE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663,Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 67 IS 10 BP 4448 EP 4453 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4448-4453.2001 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 476PJ UT WOS:000171237700007 PM 11571141 ER PT J AU Hurt, RA Qiu, XY Wu, LY Roh, Y Palumbo, AV Tiedje, JM Zhou, JH AF Hurt, RA Qiu, XY Wu, LY Roh, Y Palumbo, AV Tiedje, JM Zhou, JH TI Simultaneous recovery of RNA and DNA from soils and sediments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DIRECT EXTRACTION; MESSENGER-RNA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; RNA/DNA RATIO; MICROBIAL DNA; RAPID METHOD; DIVERSITY; PURIFICATION; MICROORGANISMS AB Recovery of mRNA from environmental samples for measurement of in situ metabolic activities is a significant challenge. A robust, simple, rapid, and effective method was developed for simultaneous recovery of both RNA and DNA from soils of diverse composition by adapting our previous grinding-based cell lysis method (Zhou et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:316-322, 1996) for DNA extraction. One of the key differences is that the samples are ground in a denaturing solution at a temperature below 0 degreesC to inactivate nuclease activity. Two different methods were evaluated for separating RNA from DNA. Among the methods examined for RNA purification, anion exchange resin gave the best results in terms of RNA integrity, yield, and purity. With the optimized protocol, intact RNA and high-molecular-weight DNA were simultaneously recovered from 19 soil and stream sediment samples of diverse composition. The RNA yield from these samples ranged from 1.4 to 56 mug g of soil(-1) dry weight), whereas the DNA yield ranged from 23 to 435 mug g(-1). In addition, studies with the same soil sample showed that the DNA yield was, on average, 40% higher than that in our previous procedure and 68% higher than that in a commercial bead milling method. For the majority of the samples, the DNA and RNA recovered were of sufficient purity for nuclease digestion, microarray hybridization, and PCR or reverse transcription-PCR amplification. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhou, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 49 TC 232 Z9 265 U1 5 U2 57 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 67 IS 10 BP 4495 EP 4503 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4495-4503.2001 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 476PJ UT WOS:000171237700014 PM 11571148 ER PT J AU Tuekam, BA Park, YI Unkefer, CJ Gander, JE AF Tuekam, BA Park, YI Unkefer, CJ Gander, JE TI Relationship of exo-beta-D-galactofuranosidase kinetic parameters to the number of phosphodiesters in Penicillium fellutanum peptidophosphogalactomannan: Enzyme purification and kinetics of glycopeptide and galactofuran chain hydrolysis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHOLINE DERIVATIVES; CELL-WALL; CHARLESII; ASPERGILLUS; POLYSACCHARIDE; PHOSPHOCHOLINE AB Extracellular Penicillium fellutanum exo-beta -D-galactofuranosidase, with a mass of 70 kDa, was purified to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme was used to investigate the influence of phosphodiesters of the peptidophosphogalactomannans pP(2)GM(ii) and pP(25)GM(ii) (containing 2 and 25 phosphodiester residues, respectively, per mol of polymer) on the kinetic parameters of galactofuranosyl hydrolysis of these two polymers, of 1-O-methyl-beta -D-galactofuranoside, and of two galactofuranooligosaccharides. The enzyme did not hydrolyze phosphorylated galactose residues of pP(2)GM(ii) or pP(25)GM(ii). The k(cat)/K-m value for pP(25)GM(ii) is 1.7 x 10(3) M-1 s(-1), that for 1-O-methyl-beta -D-galactofuranoside is 1.1 x 10(4) M-1 s(-1), that for pP(2)GM(ii) is 1.7 x 10(3) M-1 s(-1), and those for 5-O-beta -D-galactofuranooligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization of 3.4 and 5.5 are 1.7 x 10(5) and 4.1 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1), respectively. Variability in the k(cat)/K-m values is due primarily to differences in K-m values; the k(-1)/k(1) ratio likely provides the most influence on K-m.k(cat) increases as the degree of polymerization of galactofuranosyl residues increases. Most of the galactofuranosyl and phosphocholine residues were removed by day 8 in vivo from pP(x)GM(ii) added to day 3 cultures initiated in medium containing 2 mM phosphate but not from those initially containing 20 mM phosphate. The filtrates from day 9 cultures initiated in 2 mM inorganic phosphate in modified Raulin-Thom medium contained 0.2 mM inorganic phosphate and 2.2 U of galactofuranosidase ml(-1) h(-1). No galactofuranosidase activity but 15 mM inorganic phosphate was found in filtrates from day 9 cultures initiated in 20 mM phosphate. In vivo the rate of galactofuranosyl hydrolysis of pP(x)GM(ii) and of related polymers is proportional to the k(cat)/K-m value of each polymer. The kinetic data show that the k(cat)/K-m value increases as the number of phosphodiesters of pP(x)GM(ii) decreases, also resulting in an increase in the activity of exo-beta -D-galactofuranosidase. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Stable Isotope Resource, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP 4219 Rancho Grande Pl NW, Albuquerque, NM 87120 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 67 IS 10 BP 4648 EP 4656 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4648-4656.2001 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 476PJ UT WOS:000171237700034 PM 11571168 ER PT J AU Small, J Call, DR Brockman, FJ Straub, TM Chandler, DP AF Small, J Call, DR Brockman, FJ Straub, TM Chandler, DP TI Direct detection of 16S rRNA in soil extracts by using oligonucleotide microarrays SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; MUTATION DETECTION; PCR AMPLIFICATION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; DNA ARRAYS; HYBRIDIZATION; MICROCHIPS; BIAS; IDENTIFICATION AB We report on the development and validation of a simple microarray method for the direct detection of intact 16S rRNA from unpurified soil extracts. Total RNAs from Geobacter chapellei and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans were hybridized to an oligonucleotide array consisting of universal and species-specific 16S rRNA probes. PCR-amplified products from Geobacter and Desulfovibrio were easily and specifically detected under a range of hybridization times, temperatures, and buffers. However, reproducible, specific hybridization and detection of intact rRNA could be accomplished only by using a chaperone-detector probe strategy. With this knowledge, assay conditions were developed for rRNA detection using a 2-h hybridization time at room temperature. Hybridization specificity and signal intensity were enhanced using fragmented RNA. Formamide was required in the hybridization buffer in order to achieve species-specific detection of intact rRNA. With the chaperone detection strategy, we were able to specifically hybridize and detect G. chapellei 16S rRNA directly from a total-RNA soil extract, without further purification or removal of soluble soil constituents. The detection sensitivity for G. chapellei 16S rRNA in soil extracts was at least 0.5 mug of total RNA, representing approximately 7.5 X 10(6) Geobacter cell equivalents of RNA. These results suggest that it is now possible to apply microarray technology to the direct detection of microorganisms in environmental samples, without using PCR. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chandler, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, 900 Battelle Blvd,Mail Stop P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 43 TC 207 Z9 227 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 67 IS 10 BP 4708 EP 4716 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4708-4716.2001 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 476PJ UT WOS:000171237700042 PM 11571176 ER PT J AU Ticknor, LO Kolsto, AB Hill, KK Keim, P Laker, MT Tonks, M Jackson, PJ AF Ticknor, LO Kolsto, AB Hill, KK Keim, P Laker, MT Tonks, M Jackson, PJ TI Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Norwegian Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; AFLP ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ANTHRACIS; DIVERSITY; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE; STRAINS AB We examined 154 Norwegian B. cereus and B. thuringiensis soil isolates (collected from five different locations), 8 B. cereus and 2 B. thuringiensis reference strains, and 2 Bacillus anthracis strains by using fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). We employed a novel fragment identification approach based on a hierarchical agglomerative clustering routine that identifies fragments in an automated fashion. No method is free of error, and we identified the major sources so that experiments can be designed to minimize its effect. Phylogenetic analysis of the fluorescent AFLP results reveals five genetic groups in these group 1 bacilli. The ATCC reference strains were restricted to two of the genetic groups, clearly not representative of the diversity in these bacteria. Both B. anthracis strains analyzed were closely related and affiliated with a B. cereus milk isolate (ATCC 4342) and a B. cereus human pathogenic strain (periodontitis). Across the entire study, pathogenic strains, including B. anthracis, were more closely related to one another than to the environmental isolates. Eight strains representing the five distinct phylogenetic clusters were further analyzed by comparison of their 16S rRNA gene sequences to confirm the phylogenetic status of these groups. This analysis was consistent with the AFLP analysis, although of much lower resolution. The innovation of automated genotype analysis by using a replicated and statistical approach to fragment identification will allow very large sample analyses in the future. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oslo, Inst Pharm, Oslo, Norway. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Jackson, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 NR 28 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 67 IS 10 BP 4863 EP 4873 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4863-4873.2001 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 476PJ UT WOS:000171237700061 PM 11571195 ER PT J AU Barnett, MO Turner, RR Singer, PC AF Barnett, MO Turner, RR Singer, PC TI Oxidative dissolution of metacinnabar (beta-HgS) by dissolved oxygen SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE-BUFFERED SOLUTION; MERCURIC SULFIDE; PYRITE OXIDATION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; SEDIMENTS; KINETICS; SOILS; SPECIATION; WATER AB The oxidative dissolution rate of metacinnabar by dissolved O-2 was measured at pH similar to5 in batch and column reactors. In the batch reactors, the dissolution rate varied from 3.15 (+/-0.40) to 5.87 (+/-0.39) x 10(-2) mu mol/m(2)/day (I = 0.01 M, 23 degreesC) and increased with stirring speed, a characteristic normally associated with a transport-controlled reaction. However, theoretical calculations, a measured activation energy of 77 (+/-8) kJ/mol (I = 0.01 M), and the mineral dissolution literature indicate reaction rates this slow are unlikely to be transport controlled. This phenomenon was attributed to the tendency of the hydrophobic source powder to aggregate and minimize the effective outer surface area. However, in a column experiment, the steady-state dissolution rate ranged from 1.34 (+/-0.11) to 2.27 (+/-0.11) x 10(-2) mu mol/m(2)/day (I = 0.01 M, 23 degreesC) and was also influenced by flow rate, suggesting hydrodynamic conditions may influence weathering rates observed in the field. The rate of Hg release to solution, under a range of hydrogeochemical conditions that more closely approximated those in the subsurface, was I to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the dissolution rate due to the adsorption of released Hg(II) to the metacinnabar surface. The measured dissolution rates under all conditions were slow compared to the dissolution rates of minerals typically considered stable in the environment, and the adsorption of Hg(II) to the metacinnabar surface further lowered the Hg release rate. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Barnett, MO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 208, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 13 BP 1499 EP 1512 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00026-9 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 458XT UT WOS:000170221300003 ER PT J AU Mourant, JR Johnson, TM Freyer, JP AF Mourant, JR Johnson, TM Freyer, JP TI Characterizing mammalian cells and cell phantoms by polarized backscattering fiber-optic measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; MUELLER MATRIX; TURBID MEDIA; TISSUE; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; RELEVANT AB Fiber-optic, polarized elastic-scattering spectroscopy techniques are implemented and demonstrated as a method for determining both scatterer size and concentration in highly scattering media. Measurements of polystyrene spheres are presented to validate the technique. Measurements of biological cells provide an estimate of the average effective scatterer radius of 0.5-1.0 mum. This average effective scatterer size is significantly smaller than the nucleus. In addition, to facilitate use of polarization techniques on biological cells, polarized angular dependent scattering from cell suspensions was measured. The light scattering from cells has properties similar to those of small spheres. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jmourant@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 28 BP 5114 EP 5123 DI 10.1364/AO.40.005114 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 475ND UT WOS:000171169800026 PM 18364793 ER PT J AU Degueldre, C Conradson, S AF Degueldre, C Conradson, S TI Characterization of ternary and quaternary zirconias by XRD and EXAFS: result comparison and data modeling SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; FUEL AB X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) data are compared far a zirconia-based solid solution such as ternary Er0.05Y0.10Zr0.85O1.925 (inert matrix) and quaternary Er0.05Y0.10Ce0.10Zr0.75O1.925 (simulated inert matrix fuel where Ce is used instead of Pu). Average distances between the ions: metal-oxygen and metal-metal (for the 8 first shells of the cations) obtained by EXAFS are compared with values derived from the lattice parameter gained by XRD using a crystallographic formula derived far the fluorite-type solid solution. Data agreement makes comparison between atomic and crystallographic features very valuable for the characterization of these zirconia-based solid solutions (inert matrix fuel). The effect of the cation size of the dopants on the expansion of the crystallographic lattice is modeled and formal quantification of the lattice-parameter expansion as a function of ceria addition is derived. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, LWV, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Degueldre, C (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, LWV, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 73 IS 4 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1007/s003390100798 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 478CV UT WOS:000171326100016 ER PT J AU Kleineberg, U Haindl, G Hutten, A Reiss, G Gullikson, EM Jones, MS Mrowka, S Rekawa, SB Underwood, JH AF Kleineberg, U Haindl, G Hutten, A Reiss, G Gullikson, EM Jones, MS Mrowka, S Rekawa, SB Underwood, JH TI Microcharacterization of the surface oxidation of Py/Cu multilayers by scanning X-ray absorption spectromicroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CORROSION AB The local surface oxidation of the permalloy Surface layer in Py/Cu GMR multilayers on a micron lateral scale has been analyzed by means of a microspot-X-ray absorption spectromicroscope utilizing synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Light Source bending magnet beamline 6.3.2. Additionally, the GMR multilayer samples prepared by do magnetron sputtering have been analyzed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, hard X-ray reflection and magnetoresistance measurements. The formation of a passivating iron-oxide layer on the sample surface was identified by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) near the Fe-2p edge while no indication for nickel-oxide formation could be found. Small micron-size pits of reduced iron-oxide concentration could be identified by XANES microscopy while the corresponding nickel distribution appeared to be homogeneous. The results are explained in terms of a local breakdown of the passivating oxide layer. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fac Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kleineberg, U (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fac Phys, Univ Str 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. RI Hutten, Andreas/B-3524-2011; Reiss, Gunter/A-3423-2010 OI Reiss, Gunter/0000-0002-0918-5940 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 73 IS 4 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s003390100801 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 478CV UT WOS:000171326100020 ER PT J AU Ye, PD Engel, LW Tsui, DC Simmons, JA Wendt, JR Vawter, GA Reno, JL AF Ye, PD Engel, LW Tsui, DC Simmons, JA Wendt, JR Vawter, GA Reno, JL TI Giant microwave photoresistance of two-dimensional electron gas SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY AB We measure microwave frequency (4-40 GHz) photoresistance at low magnetic field B, in high mobility two-dimensional electron gas samples, excited by signals applied to a transmission line fabricated on the sample surface. Oscillatory photoresistance vs B is observed. For excitation at the cyclotron resonance frequency, we find a giant relative photoresistance DeltaR/R of up to 250%. The photoresistance is apparently proportional to the square root of applied power, and disappears as the temperature is increased. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ye, PD (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 9 TC 164 Z9 167 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 14 BP 2193 EP 2195 DI 10.1063/1.1408910 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YM UT WOS:000171134900023 ER PT J AU Luo, B Johnson, JW Ren, F Allums, KK Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Dwivedi, R Fogarty, TN Wilkins, R Dabiran, AM Wowchack, AM Polley, CJ Chow, PP Baca, AG AF Luo, B Johnson, JW Ren, F Allums, KK Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Dwivedi, R Fogarty, TN Wilkins, R Dabiran, AM Wowchack, AM Polley, CJ Chow, PP Baca, AG TI dc and rf performance of proton-irradiated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; DIFFUSION LENGTH; GAN; MODULATION; NITRIDE AB AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a range of gate lengths (0.8-1.2 mum) and widths (100-200 mum) were exposed to 40 MeV protons at fluences of 5x10(9) or 5x10(10) cm(-2). The drain-source currents in the devices decreased by 15%-20% at the higher fluence, while the extrinsic transconductance decreased by similar to 30% under the same conditions. Based on the increases in the reverse breakdown voltage and the channel resistance, the main degradation mechanism is believed to be creation of deep trap states in the band gap which remove electrons from the channel. The maximum frequency of oscillation, f(MAX), also decreased as a result of the proton-induced damage, with a change of -20% at the shorter gate widths and -50% at the largest widths. The reverse recovery switching time was essentially unaffected by the irradiation, remaining at similar to1.6x10(-8) s. Postradiation annealing at 800 degreesC was successful in restoring the dc and rf performance parameters to greater than or equal to 90% of their original values. The AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are much more robust than their AlGaAs/GaAs counterparts to displacement damage and appear well-suited to radiation environment applications. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, Ctr Appl Radiat Res, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. SVT Associates, Eden Prairie, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Luo, B (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 20 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 14 BP 2196 EP 2198 DI 10.1063/1.1408606 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YM UT WOS:000171134900024 ER PT J AU Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Kang, BW Sathyamurthy, S Goyal, A Christen, DK AF Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Kang, BW Sathyamurthy, S Goyal, A Christen, DK TI La0.7Sr0.3MnO3: A single, conductive-oxide buffer layer for the development of YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM EVAPORATION; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; TEXTURED NI; THIN-FILM; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; YBCO AB Coated conductor applications in power technologies require stabilization of the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) layers against thermal runaway. Conductive La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) has been epitaxially grown on biaxially textured Ni substrates as a single buffer layer. The subsequent epitaxial growth of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coatings by pulsed laser deposition yielded self-field critical current densities (J(c)) of 0.5x10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K, and provided good electrical connectivity over the entire structure (HTS+conductive-buffer+metal substrate). Property characterizations of YBCO/LSMO/Ni architecture revealed excellent crystallographic and morphological properties. These results have demonstrated that LSMO, used as a single, conductive buffer layer, may offer potential for use in fully stabilized YBCO coated conductors. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Aytug, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 18 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 14 BP 2205 EP 2207 DI 10.1063/1.1405424 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YM UT WOS:000171134900027 ER PT J AU Kusinski, GJ Krishnan, KM Denbeaux, G Thomas, G Terris, BD Weller, D AF Kusinski, GJ Krishnan, KM Denbeaux, G Thomas, G Terris, BD Weller, D TI Magnetic imaging of ion-irradiation patterned Co/Pt multilayers using complementary electron and photon probes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEDIA; FABRICATION AB The three-dimensional magnetic structure and reversal mechanism of patterned Co/Pt multilayers, were imaged using complementary Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (in-plane component) and magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy (perpendicular magnetization). The Co/Pt films with perpendicular anisotropy were patterned by ion irradiation through a stencil mask to produce in-plane magnetization in the irradiated regions. The boundaries of the patterns, defined by the transition from out-of-plane to in-plane magnetization, were found to be determined by the stencil mask. The nucleation fields were substantially reduced to 50 Oe for the in-plane regions and 1 kOe for the perpendicular regions, comparing to 4.5 kOe for the as-grown film. The perpendicular reversals were found to always originate at the pattern boundaries. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Kusinski, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 14 BP 2211 EP 2213 DI 10.1063/1.1407301 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YM UT WOS:000171134900029 ER PT J AU Choi, SUS Zhang, ZG Yu, W Lockwood, FE Grulke, EA AF Choi, SUS Zhang, ZG Yu, W Lockwood, FE Grulke, EA TI Anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement in nanotube suspensions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; PARTICLES AB We have produced nanotube-in-oil suspensions and measured their effective thermal conductivity. The measured thermal conductivity is anomalously greater than theoretical predictions and is nonlinear with nanotube loadings. The anomalous phenomena show the fundamental limits of conventional heat conduction models for solid/liquid suspensions. We have suggested physical concepts for understanding the anomalous thermal behavior of nanotube suspensions. In comparison with other nanostructured materials dispersed in fluids, the nanotubes provide the highest thermal conductivity enhancement, opening the door to a wide range of nanotube applications. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Valvoline Co, Dept Technol, Lexington, KY 40512 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Choi, SUS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 1303 Z9 1347 U1 5 U2 84 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 14 BP 2252 EP 2254 DI 10.1063/1.1408272 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YM UT WOS:000171134900043 ER PT J AU Zou, L Savvate'ev, V Booher, J Kim, CH Shinar, J AF Zou, L Savvate'ev, V Booher, J Kim, CH Shinar, J TI Combinatorial fabrication and studies of intense efficient ultraviolet-violet organic light-emitting device arrays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE FORMATION; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; INJECTION; ELECTRODE; DIODES AB Arrays of ultraviolet-violet (indium tin oxide)/[copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)]/[4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP)]/[2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4oxadiazole (Bu-PBD)]/CsF/Al organic light-emitting devices, fabricated combinatorially using a sliding shutter technique, are described. Comparison of the OLED electroluminescence and CBP photoluminescence spectra indicates that the emission originates from the bulk of that layer. In arrays of devices in which the thickness of the CuPc and Bu-PBD were varied, but that of CBP was fixed at 50 nm, the optimal radiance R was obtained at CuPc and Bu-PBD thicknesses of 15 and 18 nm, respectively. At 10 mA/cm(2), R was 0.38 mW/cm(2), i.e., the external quantum efficiency was 1.25%; R increased to similar to1.2 mW/cm(2) at 100 mA/cm(2). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shinar, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 14 BP 2282 EP 2284 DI 10.1063/1.1399004 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YM UT WOS:000171134900053 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Plutonium oxidation states in seawater SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE plutonium; disproportionation; seawater; thorium; oxidation state; environment ID WATERS AB Studies of the oxidation-state distribution of plutonium in the ocean illustrate the need to characterize seawater by means of the pH, the E-H, and quantitative complexation parameters. The parameters are combined in an easy-to-use equation that determines the fractions of the four oxidation states. Similar analyses have been applied to plutonium in other solutions, and the same methods can be applied to seawater. An appendix shows how to estimate and interpret the alpha coefficient for tetravalent plutonium using published information for tetravalent thorium. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 55 IS 4 BP 589 EP 594 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00097-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 466MM UT WOS:000170649400025 PM 11545516 ER PT J AU Borisov, OV Bannochie, CJ Russo, RE AF Borisov, OV Bannochie, CJ Russo, RE TI Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of pressed pellet surrogates for Pu materials disposition SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; solid sample introduction; ICP-MS; pressed pellets ID ICP-MS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; FRACTIONATION; SAMPLES; POWDERS AB Successful Pu disposition by immobilization in glass or ceramic form requires accurate and precise knowledge of impurity amounts. Analysis of Pu material by conventional liquid nebulization requires dissolution, which is difficult due to the refractory nature of the samples. Laser ablation is a suitable sampling technique for direct analysis of solids. This paper demonstrates the procedures that were established for PuO2 analysis using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Pressed pellets prepared from CeO2 were used to simulate PuO2. Effects of laser conditions, sample preparation, and matrix composition, specifically mass of a matrix element and color, on the analyses of CeO2, Bi2O3, and PtO2 based pressed pellets were examined. Influence of mixing/grinding time on particle sizes, sample homogeneity, and ablation efficiency were investigated. Laser conditions that produce stoichiometric sampling were examined. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1304 EP 1311 DI 10.1366/0003702011953658 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 488YT UT WOS:000171965100006 ER PT J AU Fisher, BT Johnsen, HA Buckley, SG Hahn, DW AF Fisher, BT Johnsen, HA Buckley, SG Hahn, DW TI Temporal gating for the optimization of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection and analysis of toxic metals SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); laser-induced plasma spectroscopy; metal emissions ID CONTINUOUS EMISSIONS MONITOR; IN-SITU; PLASMA-SPECTROSCOPY; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; TIME; AIR; SPECTROMETRY; MERCURY; LEAD; TOOL AB Optimal temporal gating for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis was investigated for a select group of toxic metals, namely the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals arsenic, beryllium. cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury. The differing rates of decay between the continuum plasma emission and the atomic emission were used as a means to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the atomic emission lines for these six metal species. Detection windows were investigated corresponding to delay times from 2 to 50 mus following the plasma-initiating laser pulse. For the current experimental conditions, it is concluded that the relatively short delay time of 12 mus is optimal for the detection of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, and mercury, while a longer delay time of 50 mus is optimal for the detection of chromium and lead. The reduced atomic emission intensity at relatively long delay times is compensated for by the use of long detector gate widths. Estimated detection limits are reported for the six metal species based on the optimized temporal gating and ensemble averaging of multiple laser pulses, and the implications for simultaneous metals monitoring are discussed. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hahn, DW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 27 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1312 EP 1319 DI 10.1366/0003702011953667 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 488YT UT WOS:000171965100007 ER PT J AU Jones, RW McClelland, JF AF Jones, RW McClelland, JF TI Phase references and cell effects in photoacoustic spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE phase reference; photoacoustic spectroscopy; photoacoustic cell effects ID SCAN FT-IR; SAMPLES; SOLIDS AB In Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) photoacoustic spectroscopy, advanced scanning and data-handling techniques have placed increasing emphasis on the phase of the photoacoustic signal. Unfortunately, there is no agreement on the best material to use as a phase reference. We have examined the frequency dependence of the signal from several candidate phase references and found that cell effects dominate the absolute phases and magnitudes observed. The absolute phase is exceptionally fast at low frequencies and exceptionally slow at high frequencies because of the cell effects. Accordingly, details such as sample position must be scrupulously controlled to achieve accurate, reproducible results. Because of the cell effects, no candidate material behaves like an ideal phase reference. If relative phases are used, however, glassy carbon comes closest to the ideal, differing from theory by no more than 8 degrees at any frequency examined. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. MTEC Photoacoust Inc, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1360 EP 1367 DI 10.1366/0003702011953487 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 488YT UT WOS:000171965100014 ER PT J AU De Chant, LJ Seidel, JA AF De Chant, LJ Seidel, JA TI Analytical development of non-ideal effects for control volume based mixer models SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE control volume based mixer; aerodynamic mixing; ejector nozzle AB Many researchers have modeled ideal mixing and entrainment phenomena using control volume methods. The simplicity, robustness and generally useful results make this one dimensional (1D), quasi-1D approach a viable and attractive methodology, especially for preliminary design work. However, to extend modeling capability beyond simple ideal mixing models remains a challenge. This is even more the case when we limit the extension to analytically based expressions with a minimum of empirical information. Here, we develop a family of models that extend to include non-ideal effects such as skin friction. Comparison to available aerodynamic nozzle data is presented to illustrate the viability of these methodologies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP De Chant, LJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, POB 1663,MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 21 IS 15 BP 1521 EP 1533 DI 10.1016/S1359-4311(01)00013-8 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 458CQ UT WOS:000170176000002 ER PT J AU Glendenning, NK Weber, F AF Glendenning, NK Weber, F TI Phase transition and spin clustering of neutron stars in X-ray binaries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; dense matter; stars : neutron; stars : rotation; X-rays : stars ID MAGNETIC-FIELD EVOLUTION; CLOSE BINARIES; ACCRETION; DECONFINEMENT; HYPERNUCLEI; MATTER; SIGNAL AB The spins of X-ray neutron star accretors in low-mass binaries are found to cluster at about 300 Hz with the exception of a few higher frequency objects. We find that a postulated phase transition induced by the centrifugally driven dilution in the density profile of the star can produce a similar feature. It takes from 10(7) to 10(9) yr, depending on the mass accretion rate, to expel the high-density phase from the core. The corresponding growth in the moment of inertia retards spin-up during this epoch. Normal mass accretion-driven spin-up resumes at its completion. A phase change triggered by the changing spin and the accompanying evolution of the moment of inertia has its analog in rotating nuclei as was discovered in the 1970s. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Glendenning, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP L119 EP L122 DI 10.1086/323972 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BG UT WOS:000171440100013 ER PT J AU Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Geha, M Griest, K Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Popowski, P Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, AB Vandehei, T Welch, D AF Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Geha, M Griest, K Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Popowski, P Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, AB Vandehei, T Welch, D CA MACHO Collaboration TI The MACHO project: Microlensing detection efficiency SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE dark matter; gravitational lensing; methods : data analysis; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; COMPACT HALO OBJECTS; GALACTIC DARK HALO; SEARCH; EVENT; PROGRAM; PLANET; FIELDS AB The MACHO project is a search for dark matter in the form of massive compact halo objects (MACHOs). The project has photometrically monitored over forty million stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and Galactic bulge in search of rare gravitational microlensing events caused by these otherwise invisible objects. In 5.7 yr of observations toward the LMC some 13-17 microlensing events have been observed by the MACHO survey, allowing a direct estimate of the optical depth of tau = 1.2(-0.3)(+0.4) x 10(-7) to be measured. A critical component of this measurement is an accurate determination of the survey's detection efficiency. The detection efficiency is a complicated function of temporal sampling, stellar crowding (the luminosity function), image quality, photometry, time-series analysis, and criteria used to select the microlensing candidates. Here we describe the details of a Monte Carlo used to calculate the efficiency presented in the MACHO 5.7 yr LMC results. A similar calculation was performed for MACHO's 1 yr and 2 yr results. Several shortcomings of these past determinations are corrected, including the addition of fainter source stars, an up-to-date luminosity function for the LMC, and many other improvements. We find the MACHO detection efficiency peaks at 40%-50% for durations between 100 < <(t)over cap> < 300 days, depending upon the selection criteria employed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Supercomp Facil, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. European So Observ, D-8574 Garching, Germany. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Alcock, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 136 IS 2 BP 439 EP 462 DI 10.1086/322529 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 486CA UT WOS:000171799800005 ER PT J AU Jeffery, CA AF Jeffery, CA TI Investigating the small-scale structure of clouds using the delta-correlated closure: effect of particle inertia, condensation/evaporation and intermittency SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation CY AUG 14-17, 2000 CL DESERT RES INST, RENO, NEVADA SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, ICCP, IAMAS HO DESERT RES INST DE intermittency; preferential concentration; Stokes number; Kraichnan model; cloud droplet spectral; condensational growth ID PREFERENTIAL CONCENTRATION; DROPLET SPECTRA; EARLY EVOLUTION; TURBULENT COLLISION; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; FLOW-FIELDS; FLUCTUATIONS; VELOCITY; GROWTH AB Equations for the first and second moments of particle density are closed exactly in the large Prandtl number limit, using the delta -correlated closure whereby the turbulent velocity field is assumed to rapidly decorrelate in time. Results are summarized from two recent studies that have investigated the effect of both particle inertia and condensation/evaporation on the viscous-convective subrange. Analytic expressions for the spectrum of inertial particles are presented which show that clumping (preferential concentration) does not occur for Stokes number (St) less than about 0.2. Also presented are analytic expressions for the scalar spectrum of cloud liquid water density derived from a simple mean-field model of condensation/evaporation, The model reproduces new experimental observations [J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 6123] of cloud liquid water content (LWC) fluctuations that exhibit anomalous near-inertial scaling. For the first time, the effect of high Reynolds number (Rex) velocity field intermittency on preferential concentration is considered in a quantitative manner. A Re-lambda-dependent effective Stokes number (St(eff)) is derived that is proportional to the square root of the flatness factor of the longitudinal velocity derivative. In the atmospheric boundary-layer, St(eff) approximate to 2.7 St. These results support Shaw et al.'s [J. Atmos. Sci. 55 (1998) 1965] hypothesis that velocity field intermittency tends to increase preferential concentration at St < 1. However, in contrast with Shaw et al., I demonstrate that, in real turbulence, vortex tubes do not statistically affect St(eff) and, hence. preferential concentration. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Atmospher Sci Programme, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. RP Jeffery, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,NIS-2,Mail Stop C-323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 59 SI SI BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00116-8 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 503JL UT WOS:000172795300011 ER PT J AU Love, SP Davis, AB Ho, C Rohde, CA AF Love, SP Davis, AB Ho, C Rohde, CA TI Remote sensing of cloud thickness and liquid water content with Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation CY AUG 14-17, 2000 CL DESERT RES INST, RENO, NEVADA SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, ICCP, IAMAS HO DESERT RES INST DE lidar; multiple scattering; photon diffusion; boundary-layer clouds; stratiform clouds; remote sensing; instrumentation ID STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; PARAMETERIZATION; MISSION-206 AB We describe a new type of lidar instrument, Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL), designed to study and directly make use of multiple scattering in clouds. Providing time-resolved imagery over a 60 degrees field of view, the new instrument captures returns at virtually all orders of scattering in a groundbased measurement. We report the first retrievals of cloud properties using this system, from measurements of a moderately opaque altostratus. Following insights from photon diffusion theory. we are able to infer the physical thickness and optical depth of the cloud layer, and, from there, obtain an estimate of the volume-averaged liquid water content. Performance of the new instrument is discussed and it is compared with other active techniques in cloud remote sensing. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rohde, Charles/A-9614-2011 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 59 SI SI BP 295 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00121-1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 503JL UT WOS:000172795300017 ER PT J AU Bernhard, G Friedrich, H Nitsche, H AF Bernhard, G Friedrich, H Nitsche, H TI Radiochemistry building for actinides research - Technology, radiation protection, methods SO ATW-INTERNATIONALE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KERNENERGIE LA German DT Article AB A new building devoted to radiochemical work was commissioned in 1998. It was designed for studying the behavior of radionuclides such as thorium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, radium, technetium, carbon -14 and tritium, which are important for the environment and for the life sciences. In accordance to the German Radiation Protection Ordinance (3) we are licensed to handle 170 different radionuclides with a maximum of activity for each nuclide of 1011 Bq. The laboratory building has 24 radiochemical laboratories and 10 service rooms (rooms for short-term storage of solid and liquid radioactive waste, and waste water, a room for safely storing radioactive samples in special safes, a control room with devices for measuring and signalization of safety and radiation protection relevant data, a separate top floor which houses all equipment for air conditioning, ventilation and filtering). The ventilation system guarantees an increasing negative pressure gradient from the hall-ways to the laboratories and from the laboratories to the glove boxes and hoods. The laboratories are equipped with 22 alpha-boxes, laminar boxes, hoods, dish washers for cleaning glass-ware, refrigerators, and drying cupboards. Glove box systems are installed for handling gram amounts of various actinide elements under air or inert gas. Several boxes are foreseen for experiments under special gas atmosphere (humidity, various carbon dioxide content e.g.), All rooms are located in one controlled area. Radioactivity and the dose rate of the air are constantly monitored. The exhaust air is automatically surveyed for tritium, carbon-14, radioactive iodine, alpha-, beta- and, gamma -activity in aerosols. All safety related data are monitored by an automated survey system. The entrance system to the building is controlled by an automated dosimetry system. This ensures a permanent overview and radiation exposure record for the personnel. Modern analytic methods are established in the laboratories. The building provides laboratory space for about 50 scientists and technicans to work with radioactive materials. C1 Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bernhard, G (reprint author), Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, Postfach 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU VERLAGSGRP HANDELSBLATT GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA POSTFACH 10 11 02, D-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 1431-5254 J9 ATW-INT Z KERNENERG JI ATW-Int. Zeit. Kernenerg. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 46 IS 10 BP 653 EP + PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 491YU UT WOS:000172138600008 ER PT J AU Broder, JD Harris, RA Ranney, JT AF Broder, JD Harris, RA Ranney, JT TI Using MSW and industrial residues as ethanol feedstocks SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 TVA, Publ Power Inst, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. Harris Grp, Proc Dev Team, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Broder, JD (reprint author), TVA, Publ Power Inst, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 10 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 484HQ UT WOS:000171684500024 ER PT J AU Silver, RB AF Silver, RB TI LtB(4) evokes the calcium signal that initiates nuclear envelope breakdown through a multi-enzyme network in sand dollar (Echinaracnius parma) cells SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Scientific Meeting of the Marine-Biological-Laboratory CY AUG 13-14, 2001 CL WOODS HOLE, MA SP Marine Biol Lab ID MITOTIC APPARATUS; LEUKOTRIENE B-4; IN-VIVO; EMBRYOS; ENDOMEMBRANES; MICRODOMAINS; BLASTOMERES; DIVISION; RELEASE; MITOSIS C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Detroit, MI USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 EI 1939-8697 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 201 IS 2 BP 248 EP 250 DI 10.2307/1543348 PG 3 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 488UB UT WOS:000171953200022 PM 11687405 ER PT J AU Silver, RB Kriebel, ME Keller, B Pappas, GD AF Silver, RB Kriebel, ME Keller, B Pappas, GD TI Porocytosis: Quantal synaptic secretion of neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction through arrayed vesicles SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Scientific Meeting of the Marine-Biological-Laboratory CY AUG 13-14, 2001 CL WOODS HOLE, MA SP Marine Biol Lab ID TORPEDO ELECTRIC ORGAN; TRANSMITTER RELEASE; FUSION C1 Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Neurosci & Physiol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Inst Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 EI 1939-8697 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 201 IS 2 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.2307/1543356 PG 2 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 488UB UT WOS:000171953200030 PM 11687413 ER PT J AU Shvartsman, SY Wiley, HS Deen, WM Lauffenburger, DA AF Shvartsman, SY Wiley, HS Deen, WM Lauffenburger, DA TI Spatial range of autocrine signaling: Modeling and computational analysis SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; SINGLE-PARTICLE TRACKING; EGF-RECEPTOR; LIGAND-BINDING; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; GRADIENT FORMATION; MONTE-CARLO; TGF-ALPHA; MEMBRANE AB Autocrine loops formed by growth factors and their receptors have been identified in a large number of developmental, physiological, and pathological contexts. In general, the spatially distributed and recursive nature of autocrine signaling systems makes their experimental analysis, and often even their detection, very difficult. Here, we combine Brownian motion theory, Monte Carlo simulations, and reaction-diffusion models to analyze the spatial operation of autocrine loops. Within this modeling framework, the ability of autocrine cells to recapture the endogenous ligand and the distances traveled by autocrine ligands are explicitly related to ligand diffusion coefficients, density of surface receptors, ligand secretion rate, and rate constants of ligand binding and endocytic internalization. Applying our models to study autocrine loops in the epidermal growth factor receptor system, we find that autocrine loops can be highly localized-even at the level of a single cell. We demonstrate how the variations in molecular and cellular parameters may "tune" the spatial range of autocrine signals over several orders of magnitude: from microns to millimeters. We argue that this versatile regulation of the spatial range of autocrine signaling enables autocrine cells to perceive a broad spectrum of environmental information. C1 MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Div Bioengn & Environm Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Hlth Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lauffenburger, DA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Bldg 56,Room 341, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD28528]; NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM20847] NR 64 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 81 IS 4 BP 1854 EP 1867 PG 14 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 476AY UT WOS:000171205100003 PM 11566760 ER PT J AU Askari, M Miller, G Vo-Dinh, T AF Askari, M Miller, G Vo-Dinh, T TI Synchronous luminescence: a simple technique for the analysis of hydrolysis activity of the fragile histidine triad protein SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fragile histidine triad gene; fluorescence spectroscopy; hydrolysis; synchronous luminescence spectroscopy AB Human fragile histidine triad (FHIT) protein has dinucleoside 5',5'''-P-1,P-n-polyphosphates hydrolysis activity, with AMP being one of the reaction products. Application of synchronous luminescence (SL) spectroscopy, in which both excitation and emission wavelengths are scanned simultaneously while a constant wavelength interval is maintained between them, was investigated for detection of the enzymatic activity of the FHIT protein. Ability of SL to identify reaction components, AMP production and its increase as a result of increase in substrate concentration and inhibition of the hydrolysis activity by ZnCl2 are demonstrated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 23 IS 20 BP 1697 EP 1702 DI 10.1023/A:1012404430463 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 479GZ UT WOS:000171397800011 ER PT J AU Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD Caprio, JM Kammerdiener, SA Peterson, DH AF Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD Caprio, JM Kammerdiener, SA Peterson, DH TI Comments on "Changes in the onset of spring in the western United States" - Reply SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Cayan, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2265 EP 2266 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 478PA UT WOS:000171353500007 ER PT J AU Aragoni, MC Arca, M Devillanova, FA Ferraro, JR Isaia, F Lelj, F Lippolis, V Verani, G AF Aragoni, MC Arca, M Devillanova, FA Ferraro, JR Isaia, F Lelj, F Lippolis, V Verani, G TI An experimental and theoretical approach to phosphonodithioato complexes: molecular orbital analysis by hybrid-DFT and EHT calculations on trans-bis[O-alkyl-phenylphosphonodithioato]Ni-II, and vibrational assignments SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE phosphonodithioato complexes; IR; Raman; DFT calculation ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; = MONOANION; BASIS-SET; EXCHANGE; ELEMENTS; ENERGY AB The synthesis and the full spectroscopic characterization (FT-IR, FT-Raman, P-31 CP MAS NMR) of trans-bis[O-ethyl-phenylphosphonodithioato]Ni-II (3) are reported. On the basis of hybrid-Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and Extended Huckel Theory (EHT) calculations, performed on the simpler trans-bis[O-methyl-phenyl phos phono dithioato]Ni-II (2) model complex, the electronic structures of phosphonodithioato complexes in their ground states are fully described, and in particular the vibrational features are deeply analyzed, allowing an unprecedented insight into the vibrational features of trans-bis-O-methyl-phenylphosphono- and trans-bis(isopropylamidophosphono)-dithioato complexes of nickel(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II). C1 Dipartimento Chim Inorgan & Analit, I-09042 Monserrato Cagliari, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Chim, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Verani, G (reprint author), Dipartimento Chim Inorgan & Analit, SS 554 Bivio Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato Cagliari, Italy. OI LIPPOLIS, VITO/0000-0001-8093-576X; ARAGONI, Maria Carla/0000-0002-5010-7370; ISAIA, Francesco/0000-0003-2139-8188; Arca, Massimiliano/0000-0002-0058-6406 NR 44 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4042 J9 CAN J CHEM JI Can. J. Chem.-Rev. Can. Chim. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 79 IS 10 BP 1483 EP 1491 DI 10.1139/cjc-79-10-1483 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 484PR UT WOS:000171699200010 ER PT J AU Trabert, E Beiersdorfer, P Fournier, KB Utter, SB Wong, KL AF Trabert, E Beiersdorfer, P Fournier, KB Utter, SB Wong, KL TI Soft-X-ray spectra of highly charged Au ions in an electron-beam ion trap SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ENERGY-LEVELS; TUNGSTEN; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; WAVELENGTHS; LIFETIMES; PLASMAS; REGION AB Systematic variation of the electron-beam energy in an electron-beam ion trap has been employed to produce soft-X-ray spectra (20 to 60 Angstrom) of Au with well-defined maximum charge stat es ranging from Br- to Co-like ions. Guided by large-scale relativistic atomic structure calculations, the strongest Deltan = 0 (n = 4 to n' = 4) transitions in Rb- to Cu-like ions (Au42+ -Au50+) have been identified. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1139/cjp-79-2-3-153 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 452QH UT WOS:000169869900009 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, K Sears, TJ AF Kobayashi, K Sears, TJ TI Absorption spectroscopy of singlet CH2 near 11 200 cm(-1) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-ROTATION SPECTROSCOPY; ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; METHYLENE RADICAL CH2; VIBRATIONAL RESONANCES; VISIBLE ABSORPTION; 1A1 STATE; SPECTRUM; TRANSITIONS; (CH2)-C-1 AB New spectra of methylene, CH2, in the near infrared region of the singlet band system have been obtained. They were detected by laser transient absorption spectroscopy following excimer laser flash photolysis of ketene, CH2CO, at 308 nm. The new data provide information on the nature and energies of rotational levels in three vibronic states that lie between approximately 11 500 and 13 000 cm(-1) above the zero point level of the lower, (a) over tilde (1)A(1), state. Taken together with previous measurements, a fairly complete picture of the vibronic energy levels of CH2 in this region can be built up. There is generally good agreement with the recent computational studies on the singlet states of CH2, but some evidence for discrepancies for levels with K = 3 and higher near the minimum of the (b) over tilde B-1(1) potential surface. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sears, TJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013; OI Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154; Kobayashi, Kaori/0000-0002-4163-9498 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1139/cjp-79-2-3-347 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 452QH UT WOS:000169869900020 ER PT J AU Prausnitz, JM AF Prausnitz, JM TI Chemical engineering and the postmodern world SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN LA English DT Article AB Postmodernism is a critical reaction to the real and perceived excesses of science and technology and to their social and philosophical implications. Postmodernism rejects the assumption that science has a special and privileged claim to truth, a claim that is fundamental to chemical engineering. The postmodern spirit demands that chemical engineers give attention not only to society's material needs but also to its humanistic concerns. Because chemical engineering is unavoidably a part of, not apart from, the society that it serves, our profession must reinvent itself to meet society's expectations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA 165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3BR, ENGLAND SN 0263-8762 J9 CHEM ENG RES DES JI Chem. Eng. Res. Des. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 79 IS A7 BP 777 EP 788 DI 10.1205/026387601753191957 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 493GW UT WOS:000172215000009 ER PT J AU Ji, C Ahmadi, G Smith, DH AF Ji, C Ahmadi, G Smith, DH TI Natural gas production from hydrate decomposition by depressurization SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrate dissociation; natural gas production; depressurizing well; hydrate reservoir ID POROUS-MEDIA; DISSOCIATION AB This paper presents a parametric study of natural gas production from the decomposition of methane hydrate in a confined reservoir by a depressurizing well. The one-dimensional linearized model suggested by Makogon is used in the analysis. For different well pressures and reservoir temperatures, distributions of temperature and pressure in the porous layer of methane hydrate and in the gas region are evaluated. The distance of the decomposition front from the well and the natural gas output as functions of time are also computed. Time evolutions of the resulting temperature and pressure profiles in the hydrate reservoir under various conditions are presented. Effects of variations in reservoir porosity and zone permeability are also studied. It is shown that the gas production rate is a sensitive function of well pressure, reservoir temperature and zone permeability. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Smith, DH (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 20 TC 110 Z9 120 U1 11 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56 IS 20 BP 5801 EP 5814 DI 10.1016/S0009-2509(01)00265-2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 485WZ UT WOS:000171787600011 ER PT J AU Maurice, PA Vierkorn, MA Hersman, LE Fulghum, JE AF Maurice, PA Vierkorn, MA Hersman, LE Fulghum, JE TI Dissolution of well and poorly ordered kaolinites by an aerobic bacterium SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP Geol Soc Amer DE kaolinite; clay; bacteria; dissolution; geomicrobiolgy ID NEAR-NEUTRAL PH; HYDROXAMATE SIDEROPHORES; PSEUDOMONAS-MENDOCINA; SURFACE-CHARGE; DISSIMILATORY FE(III); MINERAL DISSOLUTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ORGANIC-ACIDS; IRON AB Previous research by our group (e.g., [Chem. Geol. 132 (1996) 25; Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64 (2000) 13631) has shown that an aerobic Pseudomonas mendocina bacterium enhances Fe(hydr)oxide dissolution in order to obtain Fe under Fe-limited conditions. The P. mendocina is incapable of utilizing Fe as a terminal electron acceptor and requires several orders of magnitude lower Fe concentrations than do dissimilatory Fe reducing bacteria. The research reported here compared the effects of the P. mendocina on dissolution of well and poorly ordered Clay Minerals Society Source Clay kaolinites KGa-1b and KGa-2, respectively, under Fe-limited conditions. KGa-1b and KGa-2 contain 0.04 and 0.94 bulk wt.% Fe, respectively, and their surface Fe/Si atomic ratios 0.008 and 0.012. Following strong cleaning of the kaolinites in 5.8 M HCl at 85 degreesC, the surface Fe/Si atomic ratios decreased to 0.004 and 0.008, respectively. Both kaolinites also developed a Si-enriched surface precipitate upon strong cleaning. Because the P. mendocina take up Fe, we could not measure Fe release from the kaolinite directly, but rather had to monitor it indirectly by comparing microbial populations sizes under Fe-limited growth conditions. We found that microbial growth on uncleaned, weakly cleaned, and strongly cleaned kaolinites increased with the amount of Fe readily available to organic ligands as estimated by dissolution in 0.001 M oxalate (pH 3). This suggests that it is the amount of readily accessible Fe that controls Fe acquisition and hence microbial growth. The trend is based on only a relatively small range of kaolinite Fe contents, and the research thus needs to be expanded to include kaolinites with a broader range of bulk and surface Fe concentrations. Significant enhancement of Al release was observed in the presence of the bacteria, along with generally some enhancement of Si release. This enhancement of kaolinite dissolution could be related to an observed pH increase from similar to 7-8 to similar to 9 in the presence of the bacteria and/or to production of Al chelating agents. The P. mendocina produce a variety of organic exudates, including siderophores (Chem. Geol. 132 (1996) 25; Geomicrobiology (2001b)], and further studies into the effects of the siderophores on Al complexation and on kaolinite dissolution are ongoing. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geosci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Geol, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Maurice, PA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geosci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM pmaurice@nd.edu NR 66 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 180 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00307-2 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 478ED UT WOS:000171329200007 ER PT J AU Santelli, CM Welch, SA Westrich, HR Banfield, JF AF Santelli, CM Welch, SA Westrich, HR Banfield, JF TI The effect of Fe-oxidizing bacteria on Fe-silicate mineral dissolution SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 1999 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Geol Soc Amer DE Fe-oxidizing bacteria; Fe-silicate mineral dissolution; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ID ORTHOSILICATE MINERALS; IRON; KINETICS; OLIVINE; OXIDATION; PH; MICROSTRUCTURE; 25-DEGREES-C; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE AB Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans are commonly present in acid mine drainage (AMD). A. ferrooxidans derive metabolic energy from oxidation of Fe2+ present in natural acid solutions and also may be able to utilize Fe2+ released by dissolution of silicate minerals during acid neutralization reactions. Natural and synthetic fayalites were reacted in solutions with initial pH values of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 in the presence of A. ferrooxidans and in abiotic solutions in order to determine whether these chemolithotrophic bacteria can be sustained by acid-promoted fayalite dissolution and to measure the impact of their metabolism on acid neutralization rates. The production of almost the maximum Fe3+ from the available Fe in solution in microbial experiments (compared to no production of Fe3+ in abiotic controls) confirms A. ferrooxidans metabolism. Furthermore, cell division was detected and the total cell numbers increased over the duration of experiments. Thus, over the pH range 2-4, fayalite dissolution can sustain growth of A. ferrooxidans. However, ferric iron released by A. ferrooxidans metabolism dramatically inhibited dissolution rates by 50-98% compared to the abiotic controls. Two sets of abiotic experiments were conducted to determine why microbial iron oxidation suppressed fayalite dissolution. Firstly, fayalite was dissolved at pH 2 in fully oxygenated and anoxic solutions. No significant difference was observed between rates in these experiments, as expected, due to extremely slow inorganic ferrous iron oxidation rates at pH 2. Experiments were also carried out to determine, the effects of the concentrations of Fe (2+), Mg2+ and Fe3+ on fayalite dissolution. Neither Fe2+ nor Mg2+ had an effect on the dissolution reaction. However, Fe3+, in the solution, inhibited both silica and iron release in the control, very similar to the biologically mediated fayalite dissolution reaction. Because ferric iron produced in microbial experiments was partitioned into nanocrystalline goethite (with very low Si) that was loosely associated with fayalite surfaces or coated the A. ferrooxidans cells, the decreased rates of accumulation of Fe and Si in solution cannot be attributed to diffusion inhibition by goethite or to precipitation of Fe-Si-rich minerals. The magnitude of the effect of Fe3+ addition (or enzymatic iron oxidation) on fayalite dissolution rates, especially at low extents of fayalite reaction, is most consistent with suppression of dissolution by interaction between Fe3+ and surface sites. These results suggest that microorganisms can significantly reduce the rate at which silicate hydrolysis reactions can neutralize acidic solutions in the environment. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Welch, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Santelli, Cara/0000-0001-8617-0008 NR 34 TC 72 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 180 IS 1-4 BP 99 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00308-4 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 478ED UT WOS:000171329200008 ER PT J AU Shea, KJ Loy, DA AF Shea, KJ Loy, DA TI Bridged polysilsesquioxanes. Molecular-engineered hybrid organic-inorganic materials SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID SOL-GEL POLYMERIZATION; IMMOBILIZED IRON(II)-1,10-PHENANTHROLINE COMPLEXES; INTRAMOLECULAR CONDENSATION-REACTIONS; SUPPORTED ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL MATERIALS; DIFFERENT SPACER LENGTHS; SILYLATED COUMARIN DYES; INTERNAL DOPING METHOD; MODIFIED ELECTRODES; POROUS SILICA AB The class of hybrid organic-inorganic materials called bridged polysilsesquioxanes are used for everything from surface modifiers and coatings to catalysts and membrane materials. This paper examines how bridged polysilsesquioxanes are prepared, processed, characterized, and used. In particular, it describes how attaching several "inorganic" cross-linking trialkoxysilanes on organic bridging groups permits facile formation of network polymers and gels with high levels of chemical functionality. There are a number of synthetic entries into bridged polysilsesquioxane monomers that have allowed a multitude of different bridging groups to be integrated into xerogels (dry gels) or aerogels (supercritically dried "air gels"). Much of the research to date has been successfully focused on engineering of the size of pores through the choice of the bridging groups. For example, materials with some of the highest known surface areas in porous materials have been prepared, and parameters allowing control of the pore size distributions are well understood. More recently, however, the focus has shifted to building functionality into the bridging groups to make materials with controlled porosity that are capable of selective adsorption or catalysis or electronic and optic effects. This is the area where the full potential of bridged polysilsesquioxanes as molecular-engineered materials is being explored. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Catalysts & Chem Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Loy, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Catalysts & Chem Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 167 TC 386 Z9 394 U1 19 U2 149 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 13 IS 10 BP 3306 EP 3319 DI 10.1021/cm011074s PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 484AY UT WOS:000171669100021 ER PT J AU Kriesel, JW Sander, MS Tilley, TD AF Kriesel, JW Sander, MS Tilley, TD TI Block copolymer-assisted synthesis of mesoporous, multicomponent oxides by nonhydrolytic, thermolytic decomposition of molecular precursors in nonpolar media SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASES; HIGH-SURFACE-AREA; SOL-GEL METHOD; ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE PARTICLES; LAMELLAR ALUMINOPHOSPHATES; MIXED OXIDES; METAL-OXIDES; DI(TERT-BUTYL)PHOSPHATE COMPLEXES; SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES; NONAQUEOUS SYNTHESIS AB A general route for the synthesis of homogeneous mixed-element oxides, based on the use of block polyalkylene oxide copolymers and single-source molecular precursors, is described. Thermolytic decomposition of the molecular precursors in the presence of an anhydrous solution of the block copolymer (in toluene) led to monolithic gels. The polymeric structure-directing agent was then removed by calcination at 500 degreesC for 3 h under O-2. The generality of this synthetic approach is demonstrated with the molecular precursors Zr[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](4), (EtO)(2)Ta[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3), Fe[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3). THF and [Al((OPr)-Pr-i)(2)O2P((OBU)-B-t)(2)](4), which have been converted to the corresponding mesostructured materials ZrO2-4SiO(2), Ta2O5-6SiO(2), Fe2O3. 6SiO(2), and AlPO4 (denoted UCB1-ZrSi, UCB1-TaSi, UCB1-FeSi, and UCB1-AlP, respectively). These mesostructured materials, characterized by TEM, XRD, N-2 porosimetry, EDX, and NMR spectroscopy, exhibit wormholelike pore structures, high surface areas, and narrow pore size distributions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 111 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 13 IS 10 BP 3554 EP 3563 DI 10.1021/cm010068t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 484AY UT WOS:000171669100040 ER PT J AU Carrado, KA Xu, LQ Csencsits, R Muntean, JV AF Carrado, KA Xu, LQ Csencsits, R Muntean, JV TI Use of organo- and alkoxysilanes in the synthesis of grafted and pristine clays SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HYBRID MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; LAYER SILICATES; HYDROTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; SURFACE MODIFICATION; PLASMA MODIFICATION; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; METHOXY GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; SMECTITE CLAY AB A one-step, direct method is described for the creation of synthetic smectite clays grafted with organics on the interlayer surfaces using an organotrialkoxysilane as the silica source. The silane employed most successfully is phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES). Aqueous slurries of LiF, magnesium hydroxide, and the silane are refluxed for 2-5 days, and desirable molar compositions are determined. X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, IR, TEM, N-2 sorption isotherms, and solid-state C-13 and Si-29 NMR techniques are used to characterize the products. The loading of organics on the PTES-hectorites is determined at 20-25% and is comprised of phenyl groups as Si-C linkages. Evidence of this linkage includes an IR peak at 1430 cm(-1) and Si-29 NMR assignments at -79 and -66 ppm for RSi(OMg)(OSi)(2) and RSi(OMg)(OSi)(OH) species, respectively. The use of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) resulted in a pure hectorite and comprises the first report of the successful use of a tetraalkoxysilane silicon source for crystallizing hectorite from an aqueous solution. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kcarrado@anl.gov NR 72 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 13 IS 10 BP 3766 EP 3773 DI 10.1021/cm010104o PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 484AY UT WOS:000171669100067 ER PT J AU Chipera, SJ Bish, DL AF Chipera, SJ Bish, DL TI Baseline studies of The Clay Minerals Society Source Clays: Powder X-ray diffraction analyses SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chipera, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D469, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 217 Z9 219 U1 3 U2 31 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORAR PA PO BOX 460130, AURORAR, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 49 IS 5 BP 398 EP 409 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490507 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 489KD UT WOS:000171989800007 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, NJ Izaurralde, RC AF Rosenberg, NJ Izaurralde, RC TI Storing carbon in agricultural soils to help head-off a global warming SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEQUESTRATION; MITIGATION C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Rosenberg, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 901 D St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1023/A:1017599420258 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 471QW UT WOS:000170940900001 ER PT J AU Metting, FB Smith, JL Amthor, JS Izaurralde, RC AF Metting, FB Smith, JL Amthor, JS Izaurralde, RC TI Science needs and new technology for increasing soil carbon sequestration SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; BALANCE; PLANTS; BARLEY; CYCLE; ROOT; CO2 AB Fossil fuel use and land use change that began over 200 years ago are driving the rapid increase in atmospheric content of CO2 and other greenhouse gases that may be impacting climatic change (Houghton et al., 1996). Enhanced terrestrial uptake of CO2 over the next 50 to 100 years has been suggested as a way to reclaim the 150 or more Pg carbon (C) lost to the atmosphere from vegetation and soil since 1850 as a consequence of land use change (Batjes, 1999; Lal et al., 1998a; Houghton, 1995), thus effectively 'buying time' for the development and implementation of new longer term technical solutions, such as C-free fuels. The ultimate potential for terrestrial C sequestration is not known, however, because we lack adequate understanding of (1) the biogeochemical mechanisms responsible for C fluxes and storage potential on the molecular, landscape, regional, and global scales, and (2) the complex genetic and physiological processes controlling key biological and ecological phenomena. Specifically, the structure and dynamics of the belowground component of terrestrial carbon pools, which accounts for two-thirds of global terrestrial organic C stocks, is poorly understood. Focusing primarily on forests, croplands and grasslands, the purpose of this chapter is to consider innovative technology for enhancing C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and address the scientific issues related to better understanding of soil C sequestration potential through appropriate and effective approaches to ecosystem management. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37849 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Metting, FB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012; Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016 OI Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100 NR 58 TC 42 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 11 EP 34 DI 10.1023/A:1017509224801 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 471QW UT WOS:000170940900002 ER PT J AU Post, WM Izaurralde, RC Mann, LK Bliss, N AF Post, WM Izaurralde, RC Mann, LK Bliss, N TI Monitoring and verifying changes of organic carbon in soil SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS; LAND-USE CHANGE; LIGHT-FRACTION; FOREST SOIL; MATTER; NITROGEN; SEQUESTRATION; TILLAGE; STORAGE; MODEL AB Changes in soil and vegetation management can impact strongly on the rates of carbon (C) accumulation and loss in soil, even over short periods of time. Detecting the effects of such changes in accumulation and loss rates on the amount of C stored in soil presents many challenges. Consideration of the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of soil properties, general environmental conditions, and management history is essential when designing methods for monitoring and projecting changes in soil C stocks. Several approaches and tools will be required to develop reliable estimates of changes in soil C at scales ranging from the individual experimental plot to whole regional and national inventories. In this paper we present an overview of soil properties and processes that must be considered. We classify the methods for determining soil C changes as direct or indirect. Direct methods include field and laboratory measurements of total C, various physical and chemical fractions, and C isotopes. A promising direct method is eddy covariance measurement of CO(2) fluxes. Indirect methods include simple and stratified accounting, use of environmental and topographic relationships, and modeling approaches. We present a conceptual plan for monitoring soil C changes at regional scales that can be readily implemented. Finally, we anticipate significant improvements in soil C monitoring with the advent of instruments capable of direct and precise measurements in the field as well as methods for interpreting and extrapolating spatial and temporal information. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Post, WM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012 NR 86 TC 113 Z9 160 U1 3 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 73 EP 99 DI 10.1023/A:1017514802028 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 471QW UT WOS:000170940900004 ER PT J AU Marland, G McCarl, BA Schneider, U AF Marland, G McCarl, BA Schneider, U TI Soil carbon: Policy and economics SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID RISK AB Agricultural soils provide a prospective way of mitigating the increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2. A number of agricultural practices are known to stimulate the accumulation of additional soil carbon and early indications are that some might sequester carbon at relatively modest costs with generally positive environmental effects. We discuss, under 10 themes, policy and economic issues that will determine whether programs for sequestration of carbon in agricultural soils can succeed. The issues involve contexts for implementation, economics, private property rights, agricultural policy, and institutional and social structures. Ultimately, success will depend on the incentive structure developed and the way in which carbon sequestration is integrated into the total fabric of agricultural policy. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Marland, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011; Schneider, Uwe/M-7342-2016 OI Schneider, Uwe/0000-0002-6833-9292 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1023/A:1017575018866 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 471QW UT WOS:000170940900005 ER PT J AU Getov, V von Laszewski, G Philippsen, M Foster, I AF Getov, V von Laszewski, G Philippsen, M Foster, I TI Multiparadigm communications in Java for grid computing SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 Univ Westminster, Sch Comp Sci, London W1R 8AL, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Dept Comp Sci, Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Getov, V (reprint author), Univ Westminster, Sch Comp Sci, London W1R 8AL, England. RI Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007; von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269; von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 12 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD OCT PY 2001 VL 44 IS 10 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1145/383845.383872 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 476ET UT WOS:000171213800026 ER PT J AU Holden, JF Poole, FL Tollaksen, SL Giometti, CS Lim, H Yates, JR Adams, MWW AF Holden, JF Poole, FL Tollaksen, SL Giometti, CS Lim, H Yates, JR Adams, MWW TI Identification of membrane proteins in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus using proteomics and prediction programs SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Pyrococcus furiosus; genomics; proteomics; membrane proteins; hydrophily; signal peptide; transmembrane alpha-helix; beta sheet porin ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TISSUE PROTEINS; SIGNAL PEPTIDES; CELL FRACTIONS; CLASSIFICATION; QUANTITATION; SYSTEM; SEQUENCES; ORGANISMS AB Cell-free extracts from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus were separated into membrane and cytoplasmic fractions and each was analyzed by 2D-gel electrophoresis. A total of 66 proteins were identified, 32 in the membrane fraction and 34 in the cytoplasmic fraction. Six prediction programs were used to predict the subcellular locations of these proteins. Three were based on signal-peptides (SignalP, TargetP, and SOSUISignal) and three on transmembrane-spanning alpha-helices (TSEG, SOSUI, and PRED-TMR2). A consensus of the six programs predicted that 23 of the 32 proteins (72%) from the membrane fraction should be in the membrane and that all of the proteins from the cytoplasmic fraction should be in the cytoplasm. Two membrane-associated proteins predicted to be cytoplasmic by the programs are also predicted to consist primarily of transmembrane-spanning beta-sheets using porin protein models, suggesting that they are, in fact, membrane components. An ATPase subunit homolog found in the membrane fraction, although predicted to be cytoplasmic, is most likely complexed with other ATPase subunits in the membrane fraction. An additional three proteins predicted to be cytoplasmic but found in the membrane fraction, may be cytoplasmic contaminants. These include a chaperone homolog that may have attached to denatured membrane proteins during cell fractionation. Omitting these three proteins would boost the membrane-protein predictability of the models to near 80%. A consensus prediction using all six programs for all 2242 ORFs in the P. furiosus genome estimates that 24%, of the ORF products are found in the membrane. However, this is likely to be a minimum value due to the programs' inability to recognize certain membrane-related proteins, such as subunits associated with membrane complexes and porin-type proteins. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Adams, MWW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Life Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Holden, James/E-6815-2013 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1531-6912 J9 COMPAR FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 2 IS 5 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1002/cfg.110 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 488MR UT WOS:000171940700001 PM 18629240 ER PT J AU Vaidya, RU Brozik, SM Deshpande, A Hersman, LE AF Vaidya, RU Brozik, SM Deshpande, A Hersman, LE TI Effectiveness of a silane coating against microbiologically influenced corrosion of an alumina-particle-reinforced aluminum 6061-matrix composite SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE composites; microbiologically influenced corrosion; microstructure; pitting corrosion; silane coating ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; MONOLAYERS; METAL AB The effectiveness of a self-assembled silane monolayer as protection for an alumina (aluminum oxide [Al2O3])-particle-reinforced aluminum-matrix composite against microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) was investigated. Tensile tests on coated and uncoated composite samples were conducted after microbiological exposures, and the effectiveness of these coatings against MIC was reported through mechanical strength and strain-to-failure measurements. Application of the silane monolayer to the composite surfaces was found to prevent degradation of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and strain-to-failure of the composite material in the fully annealed (temper designation: O) condition. In contrast, the UTS and strain-to-failure of the as-received extruded material (temper designation: F) were relatively insensitive to the corrosive effects of the marine Pseudomonas bacteria. Potentiodynamic corrosion measurements showed that the uncoated samples had a slightly lower pitting potential than the coated samples. Corrosion rates extrapolated from the electrochemical measurements (Tafel plots) were highest for the uncoated samples in the presence of the bacteria. Corrosion pitting on the surface of the annealed aluminum composite samples was localized, while no significant localized corrosion pitting was observed on the surface of the as-extruded material. These observations were used to explain the results of the mechanical tests and electrochemical measurements. This study demonstrates the deleterious effects of microbiologically influenced corrosion on the mechanical properties of aluminum-matrix composites; the effect of mechanical processing on the propensity of microbiologically influenced corrosion; and the potential for developing fast, easy, and cost-effective MIC protection for metal-matrix composites using silane self-assemblies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor R&D Div, Albuquerque, NM 87047 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vaidya, RU (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD OCT PY 2001 VL 57 IS 10 BP 905 EP 912 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565FC UT WOS:000176357700009 ER PT J AU Sumption, MD Collings, EW Scanlan, RM Kim, SW Wake, M Shintomi, T Nijhuis, A ten Kate, HHJ AF Sumption, MD Collings, EW Scanlan, RM Kim, SW Wake, M Shintomi, T Nijhuis, A ten Kate, HHJ TI AC loss in cored, stabrite-coated, superconducting cables in response to external compaction and variation of core thickness and width SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE cored rutherford cable; coupling loss; interstrand contact resistance; compaction; core thickness; core width ID BI-2212/AG RUTHERFORD CABLES; STAINLESS-STEEL CORE; LHC-MAIN-MAGNETS; CONTACT RESISTANCE; COUPLING LOSSES; DIPOLE MAGNET; NB3SN; NBTI; STRANDS; STABILITY AB AC loss due to Coupling cut-rents in a Rutherford cable can be modified by changing the interstrand contact resistance (ICR) by: adjusting the level of native oxidation of the strand, coating it, or by inserting a ribbon-like core into the cable itself. With regard to cored cables further effective-ICR adjustments can be achieved by changing: (i) the degree of compaction during manufacture, (ii) the thickness of the core at fixed overall thickness, and (iii) the width of the core. We report on the results of magnetic and calorimetric AC loss measurements on stain less-steel-cored stabrite cables which had been: (i) externally compacted by rolling to thicknesses of 0%, 6%, 9%, and 11% below the standard thickness, (ii) internally compacted by being furnished with cores of thicknesses 1 mil (25 mum) and 2 mil (50 mum), and (ii) furnished with cores whose widths, w(core), were about 20%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the maximum available width. The measurements were made in applied AC fields that were directed perpendicular (face-on, FO) and parallel (edge-on, EO), respectively, to the broad cables faces. It was noted that: (i) the introduction of the core dramatically reduced the FO loss, (ii) core-induced compaction moderately increased the side-by-side ICR at higher curing temperatures and hence increased the EO loss, (iii) increases in either external or internal compaction still further increased the losses, particularly those in the FO direction (which of course had already been strongly core-suppressed). The loss results were interpreted in terms of the FO-measured effective ICRs, R-perpendicular to,R-eff, which were found to decrease from 198 to 37 muOmega during the compaction of a 170 degreesC-heat treated ("cured", HT) cored cable and from 38 to 10 muOmega in the case of a 200 degreesC HT one. With increase in the w(core) of a 170 degreesC HT cable R-perpendicular to,R-eff increased from 2.5 to 123 muOmega, passing through 15 muOmega at a w(core) of 57% w(core.max). The results show that there is an opportunity for achieving the LHC-target R-perpendicular to,R-eff of 15 +/- 5 muOmega either by compacting the standard cored cable (T-f = 200 degreesC) by 4 7% or by reducing the width of the core (T-f = 170 degreesC) to within 57 +/- 7% of w(max). We prefer the latter route since it exposes more of the strands to crossover-type current sharing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Superconduct & Magnetism, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Superconducting Magnet Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Twente, Fac Appl Phys, Low Temp Div, Ctr Appl Superconduct, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Sumption, MD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Superconduct & Magnetism, 477 Watts Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD OCT PY 2001 VL 41 IS 10 BP 733 EP 744 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(01)00153-9 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 521JH UT WOS:000173836500006 ER PT J AU Guerrero, G Isacoff, EY AF Guerrero, G Isacoff, EY TI Genetically encoded optical sensors of neuronal activity and cellular function SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; LIVING CELLS; KINASE-C; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CA2+ CONCENTRATION; STRUCTURAL BASIS; PROTON-TRANSFER; DYNAMICS; INDICATOR AB Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been engineered to produce an optical report in response to cellular signals. FP fluorescence can be made directly sensitive to the chemical environment, via specific mutations of or around the chromophore. Alternatively, FPs can be made indirectly sensitive to cellular signals by their fusion to 'detector' proteins that respond to specific cellular signals with structural rearrangements that act on the FP to alter fluorescence. These optical sensors of membrane voltage, neurotransmitter release, and intracellular messengers, including powerful new sensors of Ca2+, cyclic nucleotides and nitric oxide, are likely to provide new insights into the workings of cellular signals and of information processing in neural circuits. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guerrero, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 271 LSA,MC 3200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Guerrero, Giovanna/0000-0003-4931-8530 NR 57 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-4388 J9 CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 5 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1016/S0959-4388(00)00256-7 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 484WF UT WOS:000171712000012 PM 11595495 ER PT J AU Wolf, D AF Wolf, D TI High-temperature structure and properties of grain boundaries: long-range vs. short-range structural effects SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SELF-DIFFUSION; SILICON AB Recent molecular-dynamics simulations of the high-temperature structure of high-energy grain boundaries in silicon and in f.c.c. metals have revealed a universal, highly confined, liquid-like structure. As a consequence, at elevated temperatures grain-boundary properties, such as the diffusivity and mobility, involve liquid-like mechanisms and are independent of the boundary misorientation, with activation energies related to the liquid state. At lower temperatures these boundaries undergo a reversible structural and dynamical transition from a confined liquid to a-more or less disordered solid. Consistent with experiments, the temperature for this transition decreases with increasing grain-boundary energy, suggesting an important role of the degree of short-range grain-boundary structural disorder in key GB properties. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wolf, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 5 IS 5 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1016/S1359-0286(01)00024-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 498XY UT WOS:000172539900011 ER PT J AU Babich, LP Il'kayev, RI Kudryavtsev, AY Kutsyk, IM Roussel-Dupre, RA AF Babich, LP Il'kayev, RI Kudryavtsev, AY Kutsyk, IM Roussel-Dupre, RA TI Analysis of gamma ray pulses of the atmospheric origin recorded aboard the orbital station SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AIR BREAKDOWN; BLUE JETS; THUNDERSTORM; DISCHARGES; FLASHES C1 Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, All Russian Sci Res Inst Expt Phys, Sarov 607188, Nizhegorodskaya, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Babich, LP (reprint author), Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, All Russian Sci Res Inst Expt Phys, Pr Mira 37, Sarov 607188, Nizhegorodskaya, Russia. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1028-334X J9 DOKL EARTH SCI JI Dokl. Earth Sci. PD OCT-NOV PY 2001 VL 381 IS 8 BP 994 EP 997 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 494JN UT WOS:000172279000029 ER PT J AU Gower, ST Krankina, O Olson, RJ Apps, M Linder, S Wang, C AF Gower, ST Krankina, O Olson, RJ Apps, M Linder, S Wang, C TI Net primary production and carbon allocation patterns of boreal forest ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aboveground net primary production; belowground net primary production; boreal forests; carbon allocation; litter production; net primary production ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TAIGA FORESTS; JACK PINE; BIOMASS; DYNAMICS; BALANCE; VEGETATION AB The three objectives of this paper were: to summarize net primary production (NPP) and carbon allocation patterns for boreal forests, to examine relationships between climatic and biological variables and NPP, and to examine carbon allocation coefficients for all boreal forests or types of boreal forests that can be used to estimate NPP from easily measured components of NPP. Twenty-four Class I stands (complete NPP budgets) and 45 Class II boreal forest stands (aboveground NPP [NPPA] and budget only) were identified. The geographic distribution of the Class I stands was not uniform, 46% of the stands were from two studies in North America, and only one stand was from the important larch forests of Eurasia. Total (above- and belowground) net primary production (NPPT) ranged from 52 to 868 g C .m(-2 .)yr(-1) and averaged 424 g C .m(-2). yr(-1). NPPA was consistently larger for deciduous than for evergreen boreal forests in each of the major boreal regions, especially for boreal forests in Alaska. Belowground net primary production:total net primary production (NPPB : NPPT) ratios were consistently larger for evergreen (0.36) than deciduous (0.19) boreal forests. NPP of different-aged stands in age sequence varied from 44% to 77%, a magnitude equal to or greater than that of climatic factors or vegetation type. NPP and NPPA were positively correlated (r(2) = 0.66-0.68) to mean annual aboveground increment for Class I stands, and this empirical relationship explained 81% of the observed variation of NPPA for Class II stands. These robust relationships provide an approach for increasing the number and spatial coverage of boreal forest NPP data needed to evaluate NPP estimates from ecosystem models. Notable deficiencies of boreal forest NPP data were ground layer vegetation and belowground NPP data, NPP data for boreal forest age sequences, and NPP data for boreal larch ecosystems in Eurasia. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forestry Canada, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Prod Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Gower, ST (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 78 TC 237 Z9 271 U1 10 U2 121 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1411 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 479RQ UT WOS:000171417700012 ER PT J AU Jager, HI AF Jager, HI TI Individual variation in life history characteristics can influence extinction risk SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE individual variation; individual-based model; genetic model; population viability analysis; persistence; extinction; age at maturation; Acipenser transmontanus ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; WHITE STURGEON; DEMOGRAPHIC STOCHASTICITY; SELECTION DIFFERENTIALS; POPULATION PERSISTENCE; FISH POPULATIONS; MODEL; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; TRAITS AB The white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) shows great individual variation in the age at maturation. This study examines the consequences of model assumptions about individual variation in the age at maturation on predicted population viability. I considered: (1) the effects of variation in age at maturation alone; (2) the effects of heritability; and (3) the influence of a stable and an altered selective regime. Two selective regimes represented conditions before and after the impoundment of a river, blocking access of anadromous white sturgeon populations to the ocean. In contrast to previous simulation studies, I found that increased individual variation in the age at maturity did not necessarily lead to a higher likelihood of persistence. Individual variation increased the simulated likelihood of persistence when the variation was heritable and the selective regime had changed such that the mean age at maturity was no longer optimal. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jagerhi@ornl.gov OI Jager, Henriette/0000-0003-4253-533X NR 61 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 144 IS 1 BP 61 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00362-3 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487FL UT WOS:000171862900006 ER PT J AU Lee, HC Xu, F Jeffcoate, CS Isaacs, HS AF Lee, HC Xu, F Jeffcoate, CS Isaacs, HS TI Cyclic polarization behavior of aluminum oxide films in near neutral solutions SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Cyclic polarization measurements have been made on abraded Al in near neutral borate, chromate, phosphate, and sulfate solutions. In both borate and chromate solutions, the currents continued to decrease with each subsequent cycle due to oxide thickening. In contrast, a significant rate of oxide dissolution occurred to produce reproducible repetitive curves during subsequent cycles in a phosphate and a sulfate solution. The current responses in a borate and a chromate solution were simulated using the high field conduction oxide growth model. The polarization behavior in a phosphate solution required inclusion of oxide dissolution in the model. The result in a sulfate solution was more complex, and was attributed to the interaction of sulfate ion at the oxide/solution interface. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 4 IS 10 BP B31 EP B34 DI 10.1149/1.1399875 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 471AD UT WOS:000170903900007 ER PT J AU Xue, G Yeung, ES AF Xue, G Yeung, ES TI Fluorescence detection in capillary arrays based on galvanometer step scanning SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on Capillary Electrophoresis (SCE 2000) CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2000 CL HYOGO, JAPAN DE fluorescence detection; capillary arrays ID ELECTROPHORESIS CHIPS; DNA FRAGMENTS AB A computer-controlled galvanometer scanner is adapted for scanning a focused laser beam across a 96-capillary array for laser-induced fluorescence detection. The signal at a single photomultiplier tube is temporally sorted to distinguish among the capillaries. The limit of detection for fluoresceins is 3 x 10(-11) M (S/N = 3) for 5 mW of total laser power scanned at 4 Hz. The observed cross-talk among capillaries is 0.2%. Advantages include the efficient utilization of light due to the high duty-cycle of step scan, good detection performance due to the reduction of stray light, ruggedness due to the small mass of the galvanometer mirror, low cost due to the simplicity of components, and flexibility due to the independent paths for excitation and emission. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 16 BP 3490 EP 3496 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200109)22:16<3490::AID-ELPS3490>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 481EG UT WOS:000171506500023 PM 11669531 ER PT J AU Zhu, L Lee, HK Lin, BC Yeung, ES AF Zhu, L Lee, HK Lin, BC Yeung, ES TI Spatial temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis for DNA mutation detection SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE spatial temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis; DNA mutation ID ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATION AB A continuous spatial temperature gradient was established in capillary electrophoresis by using a simple temperature control device. The temperature profile along the capillary was predicted by theoretical calculations. A nearly linear spatial temperature gradient was established and applied to DNA mutation detection. By spanning a wide temperature range, it was possible to perform simultaneous heteroduplex analysis for various mutation types that have different melting temperatures. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian, Peoples R China. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov RI Zhu, Liang/G-1389-2010 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 17 BP 3683 EP 3687 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 484WT UT WOS:000171713100010 PM 11699906 ER PT J AU Rohr, T Yu, C Davey, MH Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Rohr, T Yu, C Davey, MH Svec, F Frechet, JMJ TI Porous polymer monoliths: Simple and efficient mixers prepared by direct polymerization in the channels of microfluidic chips SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE microfluidics; microchip; porous polymer; monolith; mixer ID CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION MEDIA; MACROPOROUS POLYMERS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; PHASE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICROCHIP AB Porous monolithic polymers have been prepared by photoinitiated polymerization of mixtures consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate, UV-sentitive free radical initiator and porogenic solvent within channels of specifically designed microfluidic chips and used as micromixers. Substituting azobisisobutyronitrile with 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone considerably accelerated the kinetics of the polymerization. Mixtures of cyclohexanol and 1-dodecanol and of hexane and methanol were used, respectively, to control the porous properties and therefore the mixing efficiency of the device. The performance of the monolithic mixers has been tested by pumping aqueous solutions of two fluorescent dyes at various flow rates and monitoring the point at which the boundary of both streams completely disappears. Best results were achieved with a monolithic mixer containing very large irregular pores. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 25 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 18 BP 3959 EP 3967 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200110)22:18<3959::AID-ELPS3959>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 487FX UT WOS:000171863900015 PM 11700726 ER PT J AU Fujimori, A Tachiiri, S Sonoda, E Thompson, LH Dhar, PK Hiraoka, M Takeda, S Zhang, Y Reth, M Takata, M AF Fujimori, A Tachiiri, S Sonoda, E Thompson, LH Dhar, PK Hiraoka, M Takeda, S Zhang, Y Reth, M Takata, M TI Rad52 partially substitutes for the Rad51 paralog XRCC3 in maintaining chromosomal integrity in vertebrate cells SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DT40; homologous recombination; Rad51 paralogs; Rad52; XRCC3 ID REPLICATION PROTEIN-A; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; DNA-REPAIR GENE; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MOUSE GENES; FAMILY; PATHWAY; MEMBER; RECA AB Yeast Rad52 DNA-repair mutants exhibit pronounced radiation sensitivity and a defect in homologous recombination (HR), whereas vertebrate cells lacking Rad52 exhibit a nearly normal phenotype. Biochemical studies show that both yeast Rad52 and Rad55-57 (Rad51 paralogs) stimulate DNA-strand exchange mediated by Rad51. These findings raise the possibility that Rad51 paralogs may compensate for lack of Rad52 in vertebrate cells, explaining the absence of prominent phenotypes for Rad52-deficient cells. To test this hypothesis, using chicken DT40 cells, we generated conditional mutants deficient in both RAD52 and XRCC3, which is one of the five vertebrate PAD51 paralogs. Surprisingly, the rad52 xrcc3 double-mutant cells were non-viable and exhibited extensive chromosomal breaks, whereas rad52 and xrcc3 single mutants grew well. Our data reveal an overlapping (but non-reciprocal) role for Rad52 and XRCC3 in repairing DNA double-strand breaks. The present study shows that Rad52 can play an important role in HR repair by partially substituting for a Rad51 paralog. C1 Kyoto Univ, Fac Med, Dept Radiat Genet, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Fac Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol & Oncol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. JST, CREST, Saitama, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BBR Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Freiburg, Dept Mol Immunol, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. Max Planck Inst Immunbiol, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. RP Takata, M (reprint author), Kawasaki Med Univ, Dept Immunol & Mol Genet, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 7010192, Japan. NR 56 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 19 BP 5513 EP 5520 DI 10.1093/emboj/20.19.5513 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 481BZ UT WOS:000171501200023 PM 11574483 ER PT J AU Turgeon, JL Shyamala, G Waring, DW AF Turgeon, JL Shyamala, G Waring, DW TI PR localization and anterior pituitary cell populations in vitro in ovariectomized wild-type and PR-knockout mice SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; GONADOTROPIN SURGES; STEROID REGULATION; RAT GONADOTROPES; PROLACTIN SURGE; FEMALE RAT; ESTROGEN; RELEASE AB The PR is critical for normal female reproductive function in mammals, including primates, and the PR-knockout mouse is an important model for establishing PR targets. For example, LH secretion is significantly altered both in vivo and in vitro in female PR-knockout mice, but to establish specific mechanisms affected by the absence of the PR in the mouse requires characterization of wild-type mouse cell biology. As steps toward this, the aims were to establish whether altered LH secretion in PR-knockout mice reflects altered mouse gonadotrope cell lineage during development secondary to PR deletion and to test the assumption that PR in wild-type mouse pituitaries has the same exclusive gonadotrope localization and E2 and progesterone regulation as in rat and monkey pituitaries. As an in vitro model, dispersed pituitary cells from 2-wk ovariectomized wild-type or PR-knockout mice were cultured +/- E2 for 3 d. These cells were subjected to dual immunofluorescence staining for PR and LH, PRL, or GH. The proportion of LH-gonadotropes (8-9%) and somatotropes (26-29%) was not different for PR-knockout and wild-type cultures with or without E2. Lactotrope composition (41-42%) was the same in wild-type and PR-knockout, and E2 resulted in a similar and significant increase in the proportion (57-59%) for both mouse types. Nuclear PR immunoreactivity was absent in all PR-knockout pituitary cells. For wild-type, all LH gonadotropes showed nuclear PR immunoreactivity that was up-regulated by E2 (> 10-fold increase). Progesterone exposure for 10 h but not 3 h led to a 40% decrease in PR immunoreactivity in LH-gonadotropes. Unexpectedly, PR immunoreactivity also localized to all lactotropes and was upregulated by E2 and down-regulated by progesterone. In summary, the absence of PR has no effect on the proportion of LH gonadotropes, lactotropes, and somatotropes in ovariectomized PR-knockout mouse pituitary cultures. For ovariectomized wild-type mice, gonadotropes in the in vitro model contain PR that is up-regulated by E2, but the downregulation by progesterone is modest, compared with that previously reported for an in vitro rat model. In contrast to rats and monkeys, E2-dependent PR also is present in lactotropes of ovariectomized,wild-type mice. These results underscore the risks in assuming identical cell biology between rats and mice. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Human Physiol, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Turgeon, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Human Physiol, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-66541]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-12137] NR 39 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 142 IS 10 BP 4479 EP 4485 DI 10.1210/en.142.10.4479 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 476PV UT WOS:000171238700040 PM 11564713 ER PT J AU Piette, MA Kinney, SK Haves, P AF Piette, MA Kinney, SK Haves, P TI Analysis of an information monitoring and diagnostic system to improve building operations SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE IMDS; building control system; building operation AB This paper discusses a demonstration of a technology to address the problem that buildings do not perform as well as anticipated during design. We partnered with an innovative building operator to evaluate a prototype information monitoring and diagnostic system (IMDS). The IMDS consists of a set of high-quality sensors, data acquisition software and hardware, and data visualization software including a web-based remote access system, that can be used to identify control problems and equipment faults. The information system allowed the operators to make more effective use of the building control system and freeing up time to take care of other tenant needs. They report observing significant improvements in building comfort, potentially improving tenant health and productivity. The reduction in the labor costs to operate the building is about US$ 20,000 per year, which alone could pay for the information system in about 5 years. A control system retrofit based on findings from the information system is expected to reduce energy use by 20% over the next year, worth over US$ 30,000 per year in energy cost savings. The operators are recommending that similar technology be adopted in other buildings. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Piette, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 33 IS 8 BP 783 EP 791 DI 10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00068-8 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 471VB UT WOS:000170948400003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, JG Coronado, PR Hrubesh, LW AF Reynolds, JG Coronado, PR Hrubesh, LW TI Hydrophobic aerogels for oil-spill cleanup - Intrinsic absorbing properties SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE oil spill; aerogels; absorbing materials; hydrophobic aerogels; oil-spill remediation AB A hydrophobic, CF3-functionalized silica aerogel has been applied to water-oil mixtures to determine oil absorbing capacity of the solid aerogel. Preliminary tests on Prudhoe Bay crude oil mixed with salt water, using the aerogel in powder form, show three regimes for absorbing based on oil to aerogel wt ratios (O/A): 1) all oil is absorbed and the aerogel is dry, O/A 0-3.5; 2) all oil is involved in an oil-aerogel-water emulsion, O/A 4.6-14; and 3) some oil is involved in an oil-aerogel-water emulsion, but free-phase oil is seen, O/A> 16. For comparison, a silica aerogel that has not been functionalized shows maximum absorbing capacity without the appearance of free-phase oil at O/A<0.1. Separation and extraction studies showed good aerogel recovery and moderate oil recovery. Extraction studies at O/A of 2.3 showed that the aerogel could be reused at least two times. Infrared studies show that the oil recovered from the absorbing material and the starting oil are structurally similar. These results indicate that the CF3-functionalized aerogel as a powder has the potential of cleanly separating oil from oil-water mixtures up to 14 times the weight of the aerogel. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 29 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 42 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PD OCT PY 2001 VL 23 IS 9 BP 831 EP 843 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 482GP UT WOS:000171568700005 ER PT J AU Guo, YJ Weitsman, YJ AF Guo, YJ Weitsman, YJ TI A modified DCB specimen to determine mixed mode fracture toughness of adhesives SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE adhesive joints; mixed mode fracture toughness; beam theory model; finite element method ID INTERFACE CRACK AB The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of a relatively simple test specimen formed of unlike adhesively joined double cantilever beams (UDCB) for determining the mixed mode components G(I) and G(II) of the adhesive's fracture toughness. This work presents an approximate analysis based upon the Green's functions method for shear deformable beams that enables the evaluation of G(I) and G(II) without resort to finite element computations. It is shown that the current approximate analysis, which is essentially one dimensional, provides a simple, engineering type, solution that agrees with FEM results to within about 5%. It is demonstrated that a wide range of G(II)/G(I) ratios can also be obtained by applying a single load to any one of the UDCB, which may facilitate the test program. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Engn Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Aerosp Engn Mech & Engn Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Weitsman, YJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Engn Technol, Mail Stop 8051, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 68 IS 15 BP 1647 EP 1668 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(01)00059-5 PG 22 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 478NN UT WOS:000171352400003 ER PT J AU Fan, JH McDowell, DL Horstemeyer, MF Gall, K AF Fan, JH McDowell, DL Horstemeyer, MF Gall, K TI Computational micromechanics analysis of cyclic crack-tip behavior for micro structurally small cracks in dual-phase Al-Si alloys SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE small fatigue crack behaviors; second phase effects; crack closure; fracture mechanics; geometrically necessary dislocations ID ALUMINUM CASTING ALLOY; FATIGUE; GROWTH; CLOSURE; STRESS; MODEL AB Cracks were simulated to grow through the Al-rich matrix and around silicon particles. The results showed that as the crack approached the particle, the maximum plastic shear strain range at the crack-tip reduced due to the blockage mechanism proposed by microstructural fracture mechanics. However, as the crack advanced even nearer to the particle, the plastic shear strain range increased rapidly. The latter has been interpreted in terms of geometrically necessary dislocation plasticity. Although the crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) for a long initial crack length was much greater than that of an initially short crack, once both cracks engaged 2-3 silicon particles, the difference in CTOD was reduced; and they followed a common retardation pattern. This phenomenon has been explained by the strong shielding effects of particle clusters on the fatigue crack propagation. These results offered additional insight into commonly observed small crack behavior. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alfred Univ, Div Mech Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chongqing Univ, Chongqing, Peoples R China. EM fanjing@alfred.edu OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 27 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 68 IS 15 BP 1687 EP 1706 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(01)00064-9 PG 20 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 478NN UT WOS:000171352400005 ER PT J AU Liu, WT Mirzabekov, AD Stahl, DA AF Liu, WT Mirzabekov, AD Stahl, DA TI Optimization of an oligonucleotide microchip for microbial identification studies: a non-equilibrium dissociation approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA; ECOLOGY; ARRAYS; QUANTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; MUTATIONS; DATABASE AB The utility of a high-density oligonucleotide microarray (microchip) for identifying strains of five closely related bacilli (Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus medusa and Bacillus subtilis) was demonstrated using an approach that compares the non-equilibrium dissociation rates ('melting curves') of all probe-target duplexes simultaneously. For this study, a hierarchical set of 30 oligonucleotide probes targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA of these bacilli at multiple levels of specificity (approximate taxonomic ranks of domain, kingdom, order, genus and species) was designed and immobilized in a high-density matrix of gel pads on a glass slide. Reproducible melting curves for probes with different levels of specificity were obtained using an optimized salt concentration. Clear discrimination between perfect match (PM) and mismatch (MM) duplexes was achieved. By normalizing the signals to an internal standard (a universal probe), a more than twofold discrimination (> 2.4x) was achieved between PM and 1-MM duplexes at the dissociation temperature at which 50% of the probe-target duplexes remained intact. This provided excellent differentiation among representatives of different Bacillus species, both individually and in mixtures of two or three. The overall pattern of hybridization derived from this hierarchical probe set also provided a clear 'chip fingerprint' for each of these closely related Bacillus species. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Environm Hlth Engn Program, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, WT (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil Engn, Blk E1A,07-03,1 Engn Dr 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore. RI Liu, Wen-Tso/C-8788-2011 OI Liu, Wen-Tso/0000-0002-8700-9803 NR 31 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 3 IS 10 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00233.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 493AH UT WOS:000172199500003 PM 11722542 ER PT J AU Lee, BD Apel, WA Smith, WA AF Lee, BD Apel, WA Smith, WA TI Oxygen effects on thermophilic microbial populations in biofilters treating nitric oxide containing off-gas streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-OXIDES; DENITRIFICATION; REMOVAL; BIOFILTRATION; EMISSIONS; TOLUENE AB Electricity generation from coal has increased by an average of 51 billion kWh per year over the past 3 years. For this reason cost-effective strategies to control nitrogen oxides (NO)from coal-fired power plant combustion gases must be developed. Compost biofilters operated at 55 degreesC at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 13 seconds were shown to be feasible for removal of nitric oxide (NO) from synthetic flue gas. Denitrifying microbial populations in these biofilters were shown to reduce influent NO feeds by 90 to 95% at inlet NO concentrations of 500ppmv. Oxygen was shown to have a significant effect on the NO removal efficiency demonstrated ki, these biofilters. Two biofilters were set up under identical conditions for the purpose of monitoring NO removal as well as changes in the microbial population in the bed medium under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, Changes in the microbial population were monitored to determine the maximum oxygen tolerance of a denitrifying biofilter as well as methods of optimizing microbial populations capable of denitrification in the presence of low oxygen concentrations. Nitric oxide removal dropped to between 10 and 20% when oxygen tvas present in the influent stream. The inactive compost used to pack the biofilters may have also caused the decreased NO removal efficiency compared to previous biofiltration experiments. Analysis of the bed medium microbial population using environmental scanning electron microscopy indicated significant increases in biomass populating the surface of the compost when compared to unacclimated Compost. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lee, BD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1002/ep.670200311 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 483WB UT WOS:000171657900008 ER PT J AU Gupta, RP Turk, BS Portzer, JW Cicero, DC AF Gupta, RP Turk, BS Portzer, JW Cicero, DC TI Desulfurization of syngas in a transport reactor SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article AB During gasification, sulfur present in carbonaceous materials is converted into reduced sulfur species, such as H2S and COS, These sulfur species are conventionally removed from syngas by catalytic hydrolysis of COS into H-S, followed by scrubbing of H2S with liquid-phase amine systems, Amine-based processes are subject to equipment corrosion, foaming, amine-solution degradation, and evaporation, and require extensive wastewater treatment. As a result, this sulfur removal technology is complex, capital-intensive, and expensive, Furthermore, this conventional technology requires the syngas be cooled to nearly ambient temperatures, thus wasting valuable energy. New emerging technologies for sulfur removal from syngas use regenerable sorbents, primarily based on ZnO. Recent advances in sorbent technology allow sulfur species to be removed from syngas over a wide temperature range (260 degrees to 760 degrees C). making it an attractive alternative for a wide variety of applications, including power generation, chemical production, and fuel cells. this sorbent technology has advanced to the point that syngas desulfurization can be carried out in both fixed- and fluidized-bed reactors, depending upon process design needs. Additional applications of this technology in desulfurization of natural gas and removal of sulfur species from a syngas generated from gasification of black liquor were investigated. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Gupta, RP (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1002/ep.670200315 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 483WB UT WOS:000171657900012 ER PT J AU Burger, J Gaines, KF Boring, CS Stephens, WL Snodgrass, J Gochfeld, M AF Burger, J Gaines, KF Boring, CS Stephens, WL Snodgrass, J Gochfeld, M TI Mercury and selenium in fish from the Savannah River: Species, trophic level, and locational differences SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fish; mercury; selenium; ecological risk; trophic level; Savannah River; biological amplification ID CONTAMINANT-BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; FRESH-WATER FISH; HEAVY-METALS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; CHINOOK SALMON; HUMAN EXPOSURE; TRACE-METALS; BIOACCUMULATION; ACCUMULATION AB Levels of contaminants in fish are of considerable interest because of potential effects on the fish themselves, as well as on other organisms that consume them. In this article we compare the mercury levels in muscle tissue of 11 fish species from the Savannah River, as well as selenium levels because of its known protective effect against mercury toxicity. We sampled fish from three stretches of the river: upstream, along, and downstream the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site, a former nuclear material production facility. We test the null hypothesis that there were no differences in mercury and selenium levels in fish tissue as a function of species, trophic level, and location along the river. There were significant interspecific differences in mercury levels, with bowfin (Amia calva) having the highest levels, followed by largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and pickerel (Esox niger). Sunfish (Lepomis spp.) had the lowest levels of mercury. As expected, these differences generally reflected trophic levels. There were few significant locational differences in mercury levels, and existing differences were not great, presumably reflecting local movements of fish between the sites examined. Selenium and mercury concentrations were positively correlated only for bass, perch (Perca flavescens), and red-breasted sunfish (Lepomis auritus). Mercury levels were positively correlated with body mass of the fish for all species except American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and bluegill sunfish (L. macrochirus). The mercury and selenium levels in fish tissue from the Savannah River are similar to or lower than those reported in many other studies, and in most cases pose little risk to the fish themselves or to other aquatic consumers, although levels in bowfin and bass are sufficiently high to pose a potential threat to high-level consumers. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Nelson Biol Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Consorium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Towson Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Nelson Biol Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012; Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016; OI Snodgrass, Joel/0000-0002-4436-8750 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO 5022] NR 72 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 7 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 87 IS 2 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1006/enrs.2001.4294 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 482MQ UT WOS:000171580300006 PM 11683594 ER PT J AU Gihring, TM Druschel, GK McCleskey, RB Hamers, RJ Banfield, JF AF Gihring, TM Druschel, GK McCleskey, RB Hamers, RJ Banfield, JF TI Rapid arsenite oxidation by Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus: Field and laboratory investigations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; BACTERIUM; PRECIPITATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; GROUNDWATER; SPECIATION; REDUCTION; WATERS; HPLC AB Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus, common inhabitants of terrestrial hot springs and thermally polluted domestic and industrial waters, have been found to rapidly oxidize arsenite to arsenate. Field investigations at a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park revealed conserved total arsenic transport and rapid arsenite oxidation occurring within the drainage channel. This environment was heavily colonized by Thermus aquaticus. In laboratory experiments, arsenite oxidation by cultures of Thermus aquaticus YT1 (previously isolated from Yellowstone National Park) and Thermus thermophilus HB8 was accelerated by a factor of over 100 relative to abiotic controls. Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus may therefore play a large and previously unrecognized role in determining arsenic speciation and bioavailability in thermal environments. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gihring, TM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008; OI Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625; McCleskey, Richard/0000-0002-2521-8052 NR 40 TC 137 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 19 BP 3857 EP 3862 DI 10.1021/es010816f PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 478NP UT WOS:000171352500019 PM 11642444 ER PT J AU Leenheer, JA Rostad, CE Barber, LB Schroeder, RA Anders, R Davisson, ML AF Leenheer, JA Rostad, CE Barber, LB Schroeder, RA Anders, R Davisson, ML TI Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; WASTE-WATER; RIVER; CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESIDUES; FATE AB The nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents in reclaimed water (tertiary-treated municipal wastewater) before, during, and after recharge into groundwater at the Montebello Forebay in Los Angeles County, CA, was the focus of this study. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in reclaimed water from this site is primarily a mixture of aromatic sulfonates from anionic surfactant degradation N-acetyl amino sugars and proteins from bacterial activity, and natural fulvic acid, whereas DOM from native groundwaters in the aquifer to which reclaimed water was recharged consists of natural fulvic acids. The hydrophilic neutral N-acetyl amino sugars that constitute 40% of the DOM in reclaimed water are removed during the first 3 m of vertical infiltration in the recharge basin. Groundwater age dating with (3)H and (3)He isotopes, and determinations of organic and inorganic C isotopes, enabled clear differentiation of recent recharged water from older native groundwater. Phenol structures in natural fulvic acids in DOM isolated from groundwater produced significant trihalomethanes (THM) and total organic halogen (TOX) yields upon chlorination, and these structures also were responsible for the enhanced SUVA and specific fluorescence characteristics relative to DOM in reclaimed water. Aromatic sulfonates and fulvic acids in reclaimed water DOM produced minimal THM and TOX yields. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leenheer, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM leenheer@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 7 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 19 BP 3869 EP 3876 DI 10.1021/es001905f PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 478NP UT WOS:000171352500021 PM 11642446 ER PT J AU Bindal, SK Nikolov, AD Wasan, DT Lambert, DP Koopman, DC AF Bindal, SK Nikolov, AD Wasan, DT Lambert, DP Koopman, DC TI Foaming in simulated radioactive waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANIONIC SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; CONCENTRATED DISPERSIONS; FILMS; SEDIMENTATION; STABILITY AB Radioactive waste treatment process usually involves concentration of radionuclides before waste can be immobilized by storing it in stable solid form. Foaming is observed at various stages of waste processing like SRAT (sludge receipt and adjustment tank) and melter operations. This kind of foaming greatly limits the process efficiency. The foam encountered can be characterized as a three-phase foam that incorporates finely divided solids (colloidal particles). The solid particles stabilize foaminess in two ways: by adsorption of biphilic particles at the surfaces of foam lamella and by layering of particles trapped inside the foam lamella. During bubble generation and rise, solid particles organize themselves into a layered structure due to confinement inside the foam lamella, and this structure provides a barrier against the coalescence of the bubbles, thereby causing foaming. Our novel capillary force balance apparatus was used to examine the particle-particle interactions, which affect particle layer formation in the foam lamella. Moreover, foaminess shows a maximum with increasing solid particle concentration. To explain the maximum in foaminess, a study was carried out on the simulated sludge, a non-radioactive simulant of the radioactive waste sludge at SRS, to identify the parameters that affect the foaming in a system characterized by the absence of surface-active agents. This three-phase foam does not show any foam stability unlike surfactant-stabilized foam. The parameters investigated were solid particle concentration, heating flux, and electrolyte concentration. The maximum in foaminess was found to be a net result of two countereffects; that arise due to particle-particle interactions: structural stabilization and depletion destabilization. It was found that higher electrolyte concentration causes a reduction in foaminess and leads to a smaller bubble size. Higher heating fluxes lead to greater foaminess due to an increased rate of foam lamella generation in the sludge system. C1 IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wasan, DT (reprint author), IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 19 BP 3941 EP 3947 DI 10.1021/es0106319 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 478NP UT WOS:000171352500031 PM 11642456 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Fryxell, GE Wu, H Engelhard, M AF Lin, YH Fryxell, GE Wu, H Engelhard, M TI Selective sorption of cesium using self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COPPER FERROCYANIDE; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; HEXACYANOFERRATE(II); STRONTIUM; REMOVAL AB The synthesis of a novel nanocomposite sorbent material, copper ferrocyanide immobilized within a mesoporous ceramic matrix, and its use as a novel cesium sorbent material is reported in this paper. Complete removal of cesium was achieved in the presence of competing metal ions for solutions containing 2 ppm cesium under a variety conditions. Loading capacity of more than 1.35 mmol Cs per g of sorbent material has been achieved. The exceptionally fast binding kinetics and high loading capacity, resulting from the rigidly open pore structure and extremely high surface area of the sorbent materials, make them potentially very useful for the removal of cesium from nuclear wastes and contaminated groundwater. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 28 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 19 BP 3962 EP 3966 DI 10.1021/es010710k PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 478NP UT WOS:000171352500034 PM 11642461 ER PT J AU Bitterwolf, TE Bays, JT Scallorn, B Weiss, CA George, MW Virrels, IG Linehan, JC Yonker, CR AF Bitterwolf, TE Bays, JT Scallorn, B Weiss, CA George, MW Virrels, IG Linehan, JC Yonker, CR TI Organic matrix and solution photochemical studies of (allyl)dicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)molybdenum compounds SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE photochemistry; matrix isolation; molybdenum; allyl ligands ID INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; FROZEN GAS MATRICES; ALLYL COMPLEXES; 12-K; MOLYBDENUM; ASYMMETRY; MANGANESE; LIGAND; NUJOL AB Photolysis of fresh samples of the eta (3)-allyl compounds [(eta (5)-C5H5)Mo(CO)(2)(eta (3)-C3H5)] or [(eta (5)-C5H5)Mo(CO)(2)(eta (3)-C3H4CH3)] in a Nujol matrix at ca. 90K at a wavelength greater than 400 nm was found by IR spectroscopy to cause conversion of the endo rotamer to the exo rotamer. Photolysis of exo enriched samples of [(eta (5)-C5H5)Mo(CO)(2)(eta (3)-C3H5)] at wavelengths of between 360 and 400 nm reversed the photoconversion leading to an exo to endo conversion. At higher energies photochemical CO loss was also observed. In the case of the 2-methylallyl derivative, a photoproduct believed to be [(eta (5)-C5H5)Mo(H)(CO)(eta (4)-C4H6)] was observed along with CO loss. Time-resolved IR studies of the flash photolysis of [(eta (5)-C5H5)Mo(CO)(2)(eta (3)-C3H5)] in n-heptane confirm both endo to exo rotamer conversion and CO loss. Under these conditions, the species formed after CO loss is probably [(eta (5)-C5H5)Mo(CO)(n-heptane)(eta (3)-C3H5)]. When [(eta (5)-C5H5)Mo(CO)(2)(eta (3)-C3H5)] was dissolved in supercritical ethylene and photolyzed, [(eta (5)-C5H5)Mo(CO)(C2H4)(eta (3)-C3H5)] was formed. A mechanism involving two distinct excited states is proposed to account for the photoreversible endo/exo transformations. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Nottingham, Dept Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bitterwolf, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD OCT PY 2001 IS 10 BP 2619 EP 2624 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 477TD UT WOS:000171299600018 ER PT J AU Korgul, A Urban, W Rzaca-Urban, T Gorska, M Durell, JL Leddy, MJ Jones, MA Phillips, WR Smith, AG Varley, BJ Bentaleb, M Lubkiewicz, E Schulz, N Ahmad, I Morss, LR AF Korgul, A Urban, W Rzaca-Urban, T Gorska, M Durell, JL Leddy, MJ Jones, MA Phillips, WR Smith, AG Varley, BJ Bentaleb, M Lubkiewicz, E Schulz, N Ahmad, I Morss, LR TI First measurements of yrast excitations in I-137 and the missing 12(+) isomer in Te-136 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS FISSION; NUCLEI; STATES; SN-132; REGION; BANDS; MASS AB The I-137 nucleus, populated in the spontaneous fission of Cm-248 has been studied by means of prompt gamma -ray spectroscopy using the EUROGAM2 array. Medium-spin yrast excitations in I-137 were observed for the first time. The experimental level scheme is compared to the shell model calculation with modified Kuo-Herling interaction. The theoretical predictions differ significantly from the experimental results, indicating that the excitation pattern in I-137 deviates significantly from the shell model scheme. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. CNRS, Inst Rech Subatom, UMR7500, IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Korgul, A (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Ul Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 12 IS 2 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s100500170018 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 506AZ UT WOS:000172948900001 ER PT J AU Glorieux, B Saboungi, ML Enderby, JE AF Glorieux, B Saboungi, ML Enderby, JE TI Electronic conduction in liquid boron SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEVITATED LIQUIDS AB The electrical conductivity of levitated liquid elemental boron was measured near the melting point using a contactless electrical conductivity technique. A phase change is clearly detected in the course of laser heating of a 2 mm diameter boron sphere levitated aerodynamically. The value obtained for the electrical conductivity sets liquid boron among the liquid semiconductors and establishes that the semiconducting behavior survives the melting process contradicting an earlier report that a semiconductor-to-metal transition occurs. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. CNRS, CRMD, F-45071 Orleans, France. RP Glorieux, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00490-0 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 480KD UT WOS:000171459800013 ER PT J AU McGuinness, C Smith, KE Butorin, SM Guo, JH Nordgren, J Vogt, T Schneider, G Reilly, J Tu, JJ Johnson, PD Shuh, DK AF McGuinness, C Smith, KE Butorin, SM Guo, JH Nordgren, J Vogt, T Schneider, G Reilly, J Tu, JJ Johnson, PD Shuh, DK TI High-resolution X-ray emission and absorption study of the B 2p valence band electronic structure of MgB2 SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLANE-WAVE METHOD; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; BORON; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; RADIATION; SPECTRA; SOLIDS AB The occupied and unoccupied valence band states of MgB2 have been studied using high-resolution soft X-ray emission and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopies. In particular, the B 2p partial density of states was measured near the Fermi level. The states at the Fermi edge are identified by comparison to calculation as being of B 2p(xy) origin. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering indicates the existence of low-energy excitations at the B 1 s-edge absorption threshold. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI McGuinness, Cormac/C-6808-2008; Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI McGuinness, Cormac/0000-0002-3095-330X; Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00495-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 480KD UT WOS:000171459800018 ER PT J AU Ertas, D Grest, GS Halsey, TC Levine, D Silbert, LE AF Ertas, D Grest, GS Halsey, TC Levine, D Silbert, LE TI Gravity-driven dense granular flows SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB We report and analyze the results of numerical studies of dense granular flows on an incline with a rough bottom in two and three dimensions, using linear damped spring or Hertzian force laws between particles with a Coulomb failure criterion. This ow geometry produces a constant density pro le that satis es scaling relations of the Bagnold, rather than viscous, kind. The type of force law has little impact on the behavior of the system. The bulk and the surface layer di er in their rheology, as evidenced by the change in principal stress directions near the surface. Surface-only flows are not observed for the cases studied. C1 Exxon Mobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ertas, D (reprint author), Exxon Mobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Route 22 E, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. NR 20 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 8 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56 IS 2 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.1209/epl/i2001-00508-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 483HU UT WOS:000171629500009 ER PT J AU Greene, GA Finfrock, CC AF Greene, GA Finfrock, CC TI Vaporization of tungsten in flowing steam at high temperatures SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vaporization; tungsten-steam reactions; tungstic acid; refractory metal; oxidation AB Chemical reactions of tungsten with steam which persist to tungsten temperatures as low as 800degreesC result in the formation of a hydrated tungsten-oxide which has a high vapor pressure and is readily convected in a flowing atmosphere. The vaporization reaction removes the oxide scale that forms on the tungsten surface as it forms, leaving behind a fresh metallic surface for further oxidation and vaporization. Experiments were conducted with cylindrical tungsten rods heated to temperatures from approximately 700degreesC to 1350degreesC in flowing steam which was superheated to 140degreesC to measure the oxidative vaporization rates of tungsten in steam. The results of these experiments revealed a threshold temperature for tungsten vaporization in steam between 700degreesC and 800degreesC. Other tests were conducted over the temperature range of 800-1350degreesC. In these tests, the tungsten rods were found to have lost weight due to vaporization of the tungsten and the missing weight was collected in the downstream condensate system. The aerosol formed a fine white smoke of tungsten-oxide which was visible to the eye as it condensed in the laminar boundary layer of steam which flowed along the surface of the rod. The aerosol continued to flow as a smoke tube downstream of the rod, flowing coaxially along the centerline axis of the quartz glass tube and depositing by impaction along the outside of a bend and at sudden area contractions in the piping. The vaporization rate data from 17 experiments which exceeded the vaporization threshold temperature are presented. Two correlations to the present data are presented and compared to a published correlation in the literature [7]. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Greene, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 703, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0894-1777 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 87 EP 99 AR PII S0894-1777(01)00063-2 DI 10.1016/S0894-1777(01)00063-2 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA 582PQ UT WOS:000177360700001 ER PT J AU Amthor, JS AF Amthor, JS TI Effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration on wheat yield: review of results from experiments using various approaches to control CO2 concentration SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE atmospheric CO2 concentration; climatic change; grain; wheat; yield ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT TUNNELS; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; SPRING WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; ELEVATED CO2; GRAIN-YIELD; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; DARK RESPIRATION AB Fifty studies (156 experiments) of effects of CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield (grain mass at maturity) were analyzed (24 were out-of-doors studies). Only studies controlling [CO2] during all (or most) of the wheat life cycle were considered. Studies were divided into five categories based on the method of controlling [CO2]: laboratory-chamber, glasshouse (greenhouse), closed-top field chamber, open-top field chamber (OTC), and a free-air (chamberless) field CO2 enrichment (FACE) system. Only three studies, all conducted in glasshouses, included subambient-[CO2] treatments ([CO2] < 330ppm), with yield positively related to [CO2] in all three. In superambient-[CO2] experiments with ample water and nutrients and with favorable temperature, [CO2] up to about 2000 ppm increased yield, with a maximum effect (+37%) at about 890 ppm CO2 (according to curve fitting with data from all methods pooled). On average, doubling [CO2] from 350 to 700 ppm increased yield about 31 %. Differences in effects of [CO2] on yield between methods of controlling [CO2] could not be judged (or did not exist) because of large variation in yield across chamber (including glasshouse) experiments and too few FACE experiments. Side-by-side comparisons of different methods of controlling [CO2] in which yield was measured were notably lacking. The large variation in effect of [CO2] on yield, even with ample water and nutrients, probably reflected interactions between [CO2] and other factors. With mineral nutrient limitations, effects of [CO2] on yield were small, and with severe nutrient limitations increased [CO2] sometimes reduced yield, With ample nutrients and [CO2] greater than 2000 ppm, yield was also reduced, but this may be of limited significance to field crops for at least the next 100 years. Elevated [CO2] stimulated yield of water-stressed wheat, but usually did not fully compensate for water shortage, though few data were available. Elevated [O-3] sometimes reduced positive effects of elevated [CO,] on yield, though again, few data were available. Usually, modest warming (1-4 degreesC) counteracted positive effects of doubled [CO2] on yield. Combinations of rising temperature, [CO2]. and [O-3] may result in positive or negative effects on wheat yield, though the [CO2]-effect per se will normally be positive. Predictions of effects of rising [CO2] on wheat yield carry with them intrinsic uncertainty. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Amthor, JS (reprint author), Dept Energy, SC-74,19001 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RI Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016 OI Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100 NR 104 TC 209 Z9 243 U1 16 U2 95 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1 BP 1 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00179-4 PG 34 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 481BF UT WOS:000171497900001 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, HP TI Quantum theory and the role of mind in nature SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BELL INEQUALITIES; HIDDEN-VARIABLES; ENTANGLED STATES; PHOTONS; TESTS AB Orthodox Copenhagen quantum theory renounces the quest to understand the reality in which ive are imbedded, and settles for practical rules describing connections between our observations, Many physicist have regarded this renunciation of our effort describe nature herself as premature, and John von Neumann reformulated quantum theory as a theory of an evolving objective universe interacting with human consciousness. This interaction is associated both in Copenhagen quantum theory and in von Neumann quantum theory with a sudden change that brings the objective physical state of a system in line with a subjectively felt psychical reality. The objective physical state is thereby converted from a material substrate to an informational and dispositional substrate that carries both the information incorporated into it by the psychical realities, and certain dispositions for the occurrence of future psychical realities. The present work examines and proposes solutions to two problems that have appeared to block the development of this conception of nature. The first problem is how to reconcile this theory with the Principles of relativistic quantum field theory; the second problem is to understand whether, strictly within quantum theory, a person's mind can affect the activities of his brain, and if so how. Solving the first problem involves resolving a certain nonlocality question, The proposed solution to the second problem is based on a postulated connection between effort, attention, and the quantum Zeno effect. This solution explains on the basic of quantum physics a large amount of heretofore unexplained data amassed by psychologists. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1465 EP 1499 DI 10.1023/A:1012682413597 PG 35 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504YE UT WOS:000172883200003 ER PT J AU Shin, EJ Nimlos, MR Evans, RJ AF Shin, EJ Nimlos, MR Evans, RJ TI The formation of aromatics from the gas-phase pyrolysis of stigmasterol: kinetics SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mini Symposium on Combustion CY MAR 01-02, 2000 CL RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SP Philip Morris USA DE pyrolysis; stigmasterol; molecular beam mass spectrometry ID MASS-SPECTRA; LIGNIN AB The gas-phase pyrolysis of stigmasterol was investigated using molecular beam mass spectrometry to study the reaction pathways that lead to the formation of aromatic compounds and to build an empirical kinetic model. We used multivariate data analysis to extract trends in the data and identify major product classes. Based on this analysis, we have developed a lumped kinetic model to describe the formation of intermediates and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In our reaction scheme, stigmasterol is converted to highly substituted aliphatic ring compounds. These intermediate compounds are then converted to PAHs. We determined kinetic parameters for the two step process and used them to produce response surface plots for the two product classes as a function of temperature and gas-phase residence time. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Evans, RJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD OCT PY 2001 VL 80 IS 12 SI SI BP 1681 EP 1687 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00054-0 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 476UZ UT WOS:000171248300002 ER PT J AU Shin, EJ Nimlos, MR Evans, RJ AF Shin, EJ Nimlos, MR Evans, RJ TI A study of the mechanisms of vanillin pyrolysis by mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mini Symposium on Combustion CY MAR 01-02, 2000 CL RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SP Philip Morris USA DE pyrolysis; vanillin; kinetics; multivariate factor analysis ID DISSOCIATION; CELLULOSE; HYDROGEN; LIGNIN; ENERGY AB The pyrolysis of vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde) was studied to determine the reaction pathways that lead to the formation of aromatics and to establish an empirical kinetic model. Molecular beam mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis were used to follow the complicated pyrolysis chemistry and to determine quantitative kinetic parameters of aromatic hydrocarbon formation. The pyrolysis of vanillin is modeled as a lumped, two-step, sequential process. Possible identification of reaction intermediates is discussed utilizing known reaction mechanisms and thermochemistry for anisole (C6H5OCH3) phenol (C6H5OH), and benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Evans, RJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD OCT PY 2001 VL 80 IS 12 SI SI BP 1689 EP 1696 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00055-2 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 476UZ UT WOS:000171248300003 ER PT J AU Shin, EJ Nimlos, MR Evans, RJ AF Shin, EJ Nimlos, MR Evans, RJ TI Kinetic analysis of the gas-phase pyrolysis of carbohydrates SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mini Symposium on Combustion CY MAR 01-02, 2000 CL RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SP Philip Morris USA DE pyrolysis; kinetics; carbohydrates ID LOW-PRESSURE PYROLYSIS; KRAFT LIGNIN; MASS-SPECTRA; CELLULOSE; BIOMASS; 1,6-ANHYDRO-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE AB Cellulose-derived pyrolysis products and selected primary products, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF), levoglucosan and hydroxyacetaldehyde (HAA) were used as starting materials for kinetic studies of gas-phase pyrolysis by using flow tube reactors and product detection with molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS). Multivariate data analysis was used to identify major product classes for lumped product kinetic analysis. The methodology employed in this work was verified using ethyl allyl ether (EAE) pyrolysis. Two-step sequential models based on lumped primary, secondary and tertiary products were developed for levoglucosan, 5-HMF and cellulose derived pyrolysis products. A one-step model was developed for HAA. Reaction rates and Arrhenius parameters are presented based on these empirical models. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Evans, RJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 34 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD OCT PY 2001 VL 80 IS 12 SI SI BP 1697 EP 1709 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00056-4 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 476UZ UT WOS:000171248300004 ER PT J AU Britt, PF Buchanan, AC Kidder, MM Owens, C Ammann, JR Skeen, JT Luo, L AF Britt, PF Buchanan, AC Kidder, MM Owens, C Ammann, JR Skeen, JT Luo, L TI Mechanistic investigation into the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of plant steroids SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mini Symposium on Combustion CY MAR 01-02, 2000 CL RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SP Philip Morris USA DE biomass pyrolysis; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation; reaction mechanisms; steroids ID HYDROGEN-ATOM; RADICALS; DEGRADATION; BIOMASS AB There have been many studies on the pyrolysis of biomass model compounds but most have not been performed under the high heating rate, short residence time conditions currently used in the thermochemical conversion of biomass. In this investigation, the pyrolysis of plant steroids is investigated by flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) and flow pyrolysis at residence times of 0.1-2.0 s and temperatures of 550-800 degreesC to determine if the native cyclic ring structure in the steroid leads to the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or whether PAHS are formed by pyrosynthesis. FVP of stigmasterol, stigmasterol acetate, beta -sitosterol, and stigmasta-3,5-diene at 700 degreesC showed that PAHs, such as acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, chyrsene, benz[a]anthracene, and their monomethylated derivatives were formed in the absence of bimolecular reactions, and the yield of PAHs was dependent of the structure of the steroid. Similar products were found in the flow pyrolysis of stigmasterol, and the yields of PAHs were found to increase with increasing temperature and residence time. Thermochemical kinetic estimates were used to postulate pathways for the formation of the primary pyrolysis products. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Britt, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Bldg 4500N,C-26,MS 6197,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD OCT PY 2001 VL 80 IS 12 SI SI BP 1727 EP 1746 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00058-8 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 476UZ UT WOS:000171248300006 ER PT J AU Friderichsen, AV Shin, EJ Evans, RJ Nimlos, MR Dayton, DC Ellison, GB AF Friderichsen, AV Shin, EJ Evans, RJ Nimlos, MR Dayton, DC Ellison, GB TI The pyrolysis of anisole (C6H5OCH3) using a hyperthermal nozzle SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mini Symposium on Combustion CY MAR 01-02, 2000 CL RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SP Philip Morris USA DE pyrolysis; anisole; lignin; FTIR spectroscopy; phenoxy radical ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; AROMATIC HYDROCARBON FORMATION; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; AB-INITIO; TRANSITION-STATES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENERGY AB We have investigated the pyrolysis of anisole (C6H5OCH3), a model compound for methoxy functional groups in lignin. An understanding of the pyrolysis of this simple compound can provide valuable insight into the mechanisms for the thermal decomposition of biomass. Our emphasis in this study is the formation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and in particular we investigate the formation of naphthalene. The route to the formation of naphthalene from anisole follows the simple unimolecular decomposition of anisole, which leads to the phenoxy radical and then cyclopentadienyl radical. This chemical pathway has been demonstrated before, but the subsequent reaction of two cyclopentadienyl radicals to give naphthalene has only been the subject of theoretical investigations. We have used matrix isolation FTIR spectroscopy together with photoionization time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry to identify intermediates in this reaction mechanism. Using this technique, we have trapped phenoxy and cyclopentadienyl radicals and measured their IR spectra. The formation of these species is confirmed in our TOF mass spectrometer. We have also identified the formation of 9,10-dihydrofulvalene, the adduct from the reaction of two cyclopentadienyl radicals. Finally, we have used molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) and factor analysis to demonstrate the formation of naphthalene from the pyrolysis of anisole. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nimlos, MR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 72 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD OCT PY 2001 VL 80 IS 12 SI SI BP 1747 EP 1755 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00059-X PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 476UZ UT WOS:000171248300007 ER PT J AU Chi, ZH Cullum, BM Stokes, DL Mobley, J Miller, GH Hajaligol, MR Vo-Dinh, T AF Chi, ZH Cullum, BM Stokes, DL Mobley, J Miller, GH Hajaligol, MR Vo-Dinh, T TI High-temperature vapor detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluorescence SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mini Symposium on Combustion CY MAR 01-02, 2000 CL RICHMOND, VIRGINIA SP Philip Morris USA DE laser-induced fluorescence; PAHs; high temperature; vapor; pyrene; phenanthrene; chrysene ID MECHANISMS; SPECTRA; FLAMES; PYRENE AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are generated from the incomplete combustion of organic matters in a wide variety of natural and man-made materials, such as fuels. It is important to develop an analytical technique for rapidly monitoring PAH generation at high temperatures during pyrolysis processes. This work describes a real-time and in situ technique using laser-induced fluorescence to detect PAH vapors at elevated temperatures. We report fluorescence spectra of several typical PAH model compounds, such as pyrene, phenanthrene and chrysene. We have also examined the temperature effects on PAH fluorescence spectra such as spectral shift, intensity and band width. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23261 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD OCT PY 2001 VL 80 IS 12 SI SI BP 1819 EP 1824 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00065-5 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 476UZ UT WOS:000171248300013 ER PT J AU Kato, T Tsuji, H Ando, T Takahashi, Y Nakajima, H Sugimoto, M Isono, T Koizumi, N Kawano, K Oshikiri, M Hamada, K Nunoya, Y Matsui, K Shinba, T Tsuchiya, Y Nishijima, G Kubo, H Hara, E Hanawa, H Imahashi, K Ootsu, K Uno, Y Oouchi, T Okayama, J Kawasaki, T Kawabe, M Seki, S Takano, K Takaya, Y Tajiri, F Tsutsumi, A Nakanura, T Hanawa, H Wakabayashi, H Nishii, K Hosogane, N Matsukawa, M Miura, Y Terakado, T Okano, J Shimada, K Yamashita, M Arai, K Ishigouoka, T Ninomiya, A Okuno, K Bessete, D Takigami, H Martovetsky, N Michael, P Takayasu, M Ricci, M Zanino, R Savoldi, L Zahn, G Martinez, A Maix, R AF Kato, T Tsuji, H Ando, T Takahashi, Y Nakajima, H Sugimoto, M Isono, T Koizumi, N Kawano, K Oshikiri, M Hamada, K Nunoya, Y Matsui, K Shinba, T Tsuchiya, Y Nishijima, G Kubo, H Hara, E Hanawa, H Imahashi, K Ootsu, K Uno, Y Oouchi, T Okayama, J Kawasaki, T Kawabe, M Seki, S Takano, K Takaya, Y Tajiri, F Tsutsumi, A Nakanura, T Hanawa, H Wakabayashi, H Nishii, K Hosogane, N Matsukawa, M Miura, Y Terakado, T Okano, J Shimada, K Yamashita, M Arai, K Ishigouoka, T Ninomiya, A Okuno, K Bessete, D Takigami, H Martovetsky, N Michael, P Takayasu, M Ricci, M Zanino, R Savoldi, L Zahn, G Martinez, A Maix, R TI First test results for the ITER central solenoid model coil SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT-21) CY SEP 11-15, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE superconducting coils; ITER; central solenoid coil ID AC LOSS; FABRICATION AB The largest pulsed superconducting coils ever built, the Central Solenoid (CS) Model Coil and Central Solenoid Insert Coil were successfully developed and tested by international collaboration under the R&D activity of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), demonstrating and validating the engineering design criteria of the ITER Central Solenoid coil, The typical achievement is to charge the coil up to the operation current of 46 kA, and the maximum magnetic field to 13 T with a swift rump rate of 0.6 T/s without quench, The typical stored energy of the coil reached during the tests was 640 MJ that is 21 times larger than any other superconducting pulsed coils ever built. The test have shown that the high current cable in conduit conductor technology is indeed applicable to the ITER coils and could accomplish all the requirements of current sharing temperature, AC losses, ramp rate limitation, quench behavior and 10 000-cycle operation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 JAERI, Naka Fus Res Estab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Electrotech Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Seikei Univ, Tokyo 1808633, Japan. ITER Naka JCT, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, PSFC, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. ENEA CR Frascati, EURATOM Assoc, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Assoc Euratom FZK, Forschungszentrum, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany. CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EFDA CSU Garching, MPI, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Kato, T (reprint author), JAERI, Naka Fus Res Estab, 801-1 Mukouyama,Naka Machi, Tokai, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM kato@naka.jaeri.go.jp RI Nishijima, Gen/B-8804-2009; OI Nishijima, Gen/0000-0001-7493-0559; Michael, Philip/0000-0003-4906-6169 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56-57 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00235-6 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 506NJ UT WOS:000172978400007 ER PT J AU Makhankov, A Barabash, V Berkhov, N Divavin, V Giniatullin, R Grigoriev, S Ibbott, C Komarov, V Labusov, A Mazul, I McDonald, J Tanchuk, V Youchison, D AF Makhankov, A Barabash, V Berkhov, N Divavin, V Giniatullin, R Grigoriev, S Ibbott, C Komarov, V Labusov, A Mazul, I McDonald, J Tanchuk, V Youchison, D TI Investigation of cascade effect failure for tungsten armour SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT-21) CY SEP 11-15, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE tungsten armour; cascade effect failure; lost of tile event; low cycle fatigue lifetime AB The glancing angle of incident power on the target of a tokamak divertor results in doubled and highly peaked heat flux onto adjacent downstream tile in the case of lost of tile event (LOTE). As a result downstream tile has higher probability to fail resulting in triple loads to the next downstream tile and so on (cascade effect). This paper devoted to analytical and experimental investigation of the cascade effect failure for the flat tile option of tungsten armoured plasma facing components. Armour geometry resistant to the cascade effect failure was selected on the base of thermal and stress analyses. Experimental investigation of the LOTE has been performed also. Small size W/Cu mock-up withstood not only LOTE simulation load, but also survived afterwards for 1500 cycles at 26-28 MW/m(2) without damage in joint. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Efremov Inst Electrophys Apparatus, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. ITER JCT, Garching, Germany. RP Makhankov, A (reprint author), Efremov Inst Electrophys Apparatus, Sovetsky Pr 1,POB 42, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. EM amakh@sintez.niiefa.spb.su OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56-57 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00351-9 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 506NJ UT WOS:000172978400045 ER PT J AU Hassanein, A AF Hassanein, A TI Effect of macroscopic eroded debris on lifetimes of plasma-facing components during plasma instabilities SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT-21) CY SEP 11-15, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE plasma-facing components; plasma instabilities; vaporization; macroscopic particles (MPs); magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) AB During plasma disruptions, the net power flux reaching the divertor surface due to the vapor-shielding effect is significantly reduced to < 10% of the initial incident power from the scrape-off layer. Mass losses from atomic surface vaporization due to this reduced radiation power may be tolerated for the expected disruption frequency. However, mass losses due to splashing can be extremely high. This can severely limit the divertor system lifetime to only a few disruptions. Splashing is defined as mass loss in the form of macroscopic particles (MPs), i.e. droplets of liquid metals or particulates of nonmelting materials such as carbon-based materials. The MPs will interact with incoming plasma particles and with the vapor cloud above the surface. Therefore, the dynamic behavior of MPs in the vapor cloud and their influence on total erosion rate is a critically important problem. Results of self-consistent magnetohydrodynanic (MHD) calculations are obtained in which the dynamics of both vapor cloud and MP interaction are coupled with incoming plasma ions and electrons from the scrape-off layer during the disruption. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hassanein@anl.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56-57 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00342-8 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 506NJ UT WOS:000172978400057 ER PT J AU Kuriyama, M Akino, N Ebisawa, N Grisham, L Hikita, S Honda, A Itoh, T Kawai, M Kazawa, M Kusaka, M Kusanagi, N Mogaki, K Ohga, T Oohara, H Pengyuan, L Satoh, F Seki, H Seki, N Tanai, Y Toyokawa, Y Umeda, N Usui, K Yamazaki, H AF Kuriyama, M Akino, N Ebisawa, N Grisham, L Hikita, S Honda, A Itoh, T Kawai, M Kazawa, M Kusaka, M Kusanagi, N Mogaki, K Ohga, T Oohara, H Pengyuan, L Satoh, F Seki, H Seki, N Tanai, Y Toyokawa, Y Umeda, N Usui, K Yamazaki, H TI Study of increasing the beam power on the negative ion based neutral beam injector for JT-60 U SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT-21) CY SEP 11-15, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE negative-ion; source plasma; neutral beam; ion source; JT-60U AB The 500 keV negative-ion based neutral beam injector for JT-60U has been operated since 1996 and has injected so far a neutral beam power of 5.2 MW at 350 keV for 0.7 s. In order to further increase the beam power and extend the beam pulse duration time, a few issues concerning the negative ion source have to be solved. The most serious issue of them is non-uniformity of source plasma in the arc chamber. Two out of some countermeasures for improving the non-uniformity have been tried. The first is changing the spatial distribution of the arc discharge through regulating are current resistors which connect in series to each of eight filament groups. The second is masking both ends of the plasma grid with thin molybdenum plates to block beam extraction at the edges. Owing to these countermeasures, the acceleration efficiency of the deuterium negative ion beams in the accelerator has improved by more than 30% from 0.55 to 0.74. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kuriyama, M (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Mukohyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM kuriyama@naka.jaeri.go.jp NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56-57 BP 523 EP 527 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00341-6 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 506NJ UT WOS:000172978400076 ER PT J AU Nightingale, MPS Crawford, GW Gee, SJ Hurford, DJ Martin, D Simmonds, MR Smith, RTC Tsai, CC Warder, SEV AF Nightingale, MPS Crawford, GW Gee, SJ Hurford, DJ Martin, D Simmonds, MR Smith, RTC Tsai, CC Warder, SEV TI The MAST neutral beam injection system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT-21) CY SEP 11-15, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE beam energies; MAST tokamak; plasma; injection system AB Two neutral beam injectors will provide both plasma heating and current drive on the MAST tokamak using beamlines on loan from Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Progress is reported regarding the following engineering challenges in achieving beam energies up to 70 keV and pulse lengths up to 5 s: design of carbon fibre composite, hypervapotron and inertial beamline components capable of withstanding high heat fluxes; re-design of the ORNL accelerators to improve voltage capability and reliability; and the design and commissioning of indirectly-heated cathodes capable of 5 s operation. (C) 2001 EFDA-JET. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nightingale, MPS (reprint author), UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM mark.nightingale@ukaea.org.uk NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56-57 BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00343-X PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 506NJ UT WOS:000172978400077 ER PT J AU Ryan, PM Wilson, JR Swain, DW Pinsker, RI Carter, MD Gates, D Hosea, JC Mau, TK Menard, JE Mueller, D Sabbagh, SA Wilgen, JB AF Ryan, PM Wilson, JR Swain, DW Pinsker, RI Carter, MD Gates, D Hosea, JC Mau, TK Menard, JE Mueller, D Sabbagh, SA Wilgen, JB TI Initial operation of the NSTX phased array for launching high harmonic fast waves SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT-21) CY SEP 11-15, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE NSTX phased array; high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) antenna AB A high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) antenna array, designed to provide up to 6 MW of power at 30 MHz for heating and current drive applications, has been operated on the NSTX experiment at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). The full array consists of 12 evenly spaced. identical current strap modules connected in pairs. Each pair is connected as a half-wave resonant loop and is intended to be driven by one transmitter, allowing rapid phase shift between transmitters. A decoupling network compensates for the mutual inductive coupling between adjacent current straps, effectively isolating the six transmitters from one another. Initial rf operation between November 1999 and January 2000 used eight straps to form four loops, which were driven by two transmitters. Two adjacent loops were connected with a lambda /2 coax section to be driven out of phase by a single transmitter. Up to 2 MW of power was delivered during this stage of operation; inter-loop phasings of 0-pi-pi -0 and 0-pi -0-pi were investigated. Models of the power distribution system indicate the nominal plasma loading was about 5 Omega /m, close to the design value of 6 Omega /m. The HHFW system has now been reconfigured for 12-strap, six-transmitter operation with decouplers, low power vacuum and plasma measurements have begun. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, La Jolla, CA 92121 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Ryan, PM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ryanpm@ornl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56-57 BP 569 EP 573 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00269-1 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 506NJ UT WOS:000172978400084 ER PT J AU Neumeyer, C AF Neumeyer, C CA NSTX Team TI National Spherical Torus Experiment: engineering overview and research results 1999-2000 SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT-21) CY SEP 11-15, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE National Spherical Torus Experiment; engineering design; spherical torus AB The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is a new US facility for the study of plasma confinement. heating, and current drive in a low aspect ratio, spherical torus (ST) configuration. The ST configuration is an alternate magnetic confinement concept which is characterized by high beta (ratio plasma pressure to magnetic field pressure) and low toroidal field compared to conventional tokamaks, and could provide a pathway to the realization of a practical fusion power source. NSTX achieved first plasma in February 1999, and since that time has completed and commissioned all components and systems within the machine proper. Routine operation with inductively driven plasma current less than or equal to1 MA and flat top less than or equal to0.3 s has been established, and the ohmic characterization phase of the research program is underway. Radio frequency (RF) and neutral beam injection (NBI) systems have been installed and are presently being commissioned. This paper describes the NSTX mission, gives an overview of the engineering design, and summarizes the research results obtained thus far. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Neumeyer, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM neumeyer@pppl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56-57 BP 807 EP 812 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00411-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 506NJ UT WOS:000172978400125 ER PT J AU Schissel, DP Burruss, J Peng, Q Schachter, J Terpstra, T Keith, KK McHarg, BB Phillips, JC AF Schissel, DP Burruss, J Peng, Q Schachter, J Terpstra, T Keith, KK McHarg, BB Phillips, JC TI Recent enhancements to analyzed data acquisition and remote participation at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT-21) CY SEP 11-15, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE remote participation; DIII-D; National Fusion Facility AB A long-term plan is being implemented to enhance the computational infrastructure of the DIII-D National Fusion Facility. One of the goals of this plan is more efficient utilization of DIII-D experimental run-time by decreasing the time to analyze, store and distribute analyzed data during tokamak operations. A multi-processor Linux cluster is reducing data analysis time and a Unix based MDSplus data management system is providing rapid access to analyzed data. A second goal of the long-term plan is to reduce the time required for more detailed physics analysis after experimental operations. This goal is being accomplished with the underlying philosophy of uniformity, both in the look and feel of our own GUI-based tools, in terms of access methods to analyzed datasets, and access to existing computer power via a load balanced UNIX cluster. Additionally, we have enhanced our remote meeting capability resulting in improved communication within the geographically diverse DIII-D Research Team. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Schissel, DP (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM schissel@fusion.gat.com NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56-57 BP 1005 EP 1009 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00448-3 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 506NJ UT WOS:000172978400159 ER PT J AU Liang, Q Satyamurthy, N Barrio, JR Toyokuni, T Phelps, MP Gambhir, SS Herschman, HR AF Liang, Q Satyamurthy, N Barrio, JR Toyokuni, T Phelps, MP Gambhir, SS Herschman, HR TI Noninvasive, quantitative imaging in living animals of a mutant dopamine D2 receptor reporter gene in which ligand binding is uncoupled from signal transduction SO GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article DE reporter gene; dopamine receptor; positron emission tomography ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; ADENOVIRUS-MEDIATED TRANSFER; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; CONSERVED SERINE RESIDUES; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; EXPRESSION; THERAPY; CANCER; MICROPET; AFFINITY AB The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) has been used in adenoviral delivery systems and in tumor cell xenografts as an in vivo reporter gone. D2R reporter gene expression has been non-Invasively, repetitively and quantitatively imaged by positron emission tomography (PET), following systemic injection of a positron-labeled ligand (3-(2 '-[F-18]-fiuoroethyl)-spiperone, FESP) and subsequent D2R-dependent sequestration. However, dopamine binding to the D2R can modulate cyclic AMP levels. For optimal utilization of D2R as a reporter gene, it is important to uncouple ligand-binding from Gi-protein-mediated inhibition of cAMP production. Mutation of Asp80 or Ser194 produces D2Rs that still bind [H-3]spiperone in transfected cells. The D2R80A mutation completely eliminates the ability of the D2R to suppress forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in response to dopamine, in cells transfected with a D2R80A expression plasmid and in cells infected with replication-defective adenovirus expressing D2R80A. The D2R194A mutation substantially reduces, but does, not completely eliminate, dopamine modulation of cAMP levels. Cultured cells infected with adenoviruses expressing D2R and D2R80A demonstrated equivalent [H-3]spiperone binding activity. Moreover, hepatic FESP sequestration is equivalent, following intravenous injection of adenoviruses expressing D2R and D2R80A. The D2R80A mutant, which can no longer modulate cAMP levels following ligand binding, has full capability as a PET reporter gene. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Crump Inst Biol Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Herschman, HR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Crump Inst Biol Imaging, 341 Boyer Hall,611 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA86306, R0-1 CA84572] NR 32 TC 116 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0969-7128 J9 GENE THER JI Gene Ther. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 19 BP 1490 EP 1498 DI 10.1038/sj.gt.3301542 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 476GC UT WOS:000171217000007 PM 11593362 ER PT J AU Sun, X Annala, AJ Yaghoubi, SS Barrio, JR Nguyen, KN Toyokuni, T Satyamurthy, N Namavari, M Phelps, ME Herschman, HR Gambhir, SS AF Sun, X Annala, AJ Yaghoubi, SS Barrio, JR Nguyen, KN Toyokuni, T Satyamurthy, N Namavari, M Phelps, ME Herschman, HR Gambhir, SS TI Quantitative imaging of gene induction in living animals SO GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article DE reporter gene; gene expression; positron emission tomography (PET); tetracycline transactivator; bi-directional promoter ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; REPORTER GENE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; EXPRESSION; TETRACYCLINE; THERAPY; VECTOR; MICE; PET AB Methods to repeatedly, non-invasively, and quantitatively image gene expression in living animals are rapidly emerging and should fundamentally change studies of gene expression in vivo. We previously developed assays utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) to image reporter gene expression. In this paper we: (1) describe a new bi-directional, tetracycline-inducible system that can be used to pharmacologically induce target gene expression and to quantitatively image induced expression by using a PET reporter gene; (2) demonstrate the potential of this system in transient and stable cell transfection assays; and (3) demonstrate the ability to repetitively and quantitatively image tetracycline and tetracycline analog induction of gene expression in living animals. We utilize the dopamine type-2 receptor (D2R) and the mutant herpes-simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-sr39tk) reporter genes to validate this system. We utilize microPET technology to show that quantitative tomographic imaging of gene induction is possible. We find a high correlation (r(2) = 0.98) between 'target' and reporter gene expression. This work establishes a new technique for imaging time-dependent variation of gene expression both from vectors with inducible promoters and in transgenic animals in which pharmacologic induction of gene expression must be monitored. These techniques may be applied both in gene therapy and for the study of gene expression in transgenic animals. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Crump Inst Mol Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Gambhir, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Crump Inst Mol Imaging, B3-399A BRI,Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 1P50CA86306-01, R01 CA82214-01] NR 38 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0969-7128 J9 GENE THER JI Gene Ther. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 20 BP 1572 EP 1579 DI 10.1038/sj.gt.3301554 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 489WE UT WOS:000172014800008 PM 11704818 ER PT J AU Frazer, KA Sheehan, JB Stokowski, RP Chen, XY Hosseini, R Cheng, JF Fodor, SPA Cox, DR Patil, N AF Frazer, KA Sheehan, JB Stokowski, RP Chen, XY Hosseini, R Cheng, JF Fodor, SPA Cox, DR Patil, N TI Evolutionarily conserved sequences on human chromosome 21 SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; DENSITY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; NONCODING SEQUENCES; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; DNA-SEQUENCE; HUMAN GENOME; MOUSE; REGION; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-21; IDENTIFICATION AB Comparison of human sequences with the DNA of other mammals is an excellent means of identifying functional elements in the human genome. Here we describe the utility of high-density oligonucleotide arrays as a rapid approach for comparing human sequences with the DNA of multiple species whose sequences are not presently available. High-density arrays representing similar to 22.5 Mb of nonrepetitive human chromosome 21 sequence were synthesized and then hybridized with mouse and dog DNA to identify sequences conserved between humans and mice (human-mouse elements) and between humans and dogs (human-dog elements). Our data show that sequence comparison of multiple species provides a powerful empiric method for identifying actively conserved elements in the human genome. A large fraction of these evolutionarily conserved elements are present in regions on chromosome 21 that do not encode known genes. C1 Perlegen Sci, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frazer, KA (reprint author), Perlegen Sci, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-5748202] NR 23 TC 71 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1651 EP 1659 DI 10.1101/gr.198201 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480HM UT WOS:000171456000007 PM 11591642 ER PT J AU George, RA Woolley, JP Spellman, PT AF George, RA Woolley, JP Spellman, PT TI Ceramic capillaries for use in microarray fabrication SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; GENOME; ARRAYS AB We have used ceramic capillary tips generally used in the microelectronics industry for the production of DNA microarrays. The ceramic tips improve the morphology of microarray elements, allow higher element density, and increase printing tip life over the customary slotted stainless-steel pins. Ceramic tips are less expensive than steel pins and allow printing from 1536-well sample source plates. In this work, we describe experiments that establish printing performance of the ceramic tips and hybridization experiments that show that DNA hybridization is unaffected by the choice of tip material. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, BDGP, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP George, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, BDGP, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00750-09] NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1780 EP 1783 DI 10.1101/gr.190801 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480HM UT WOS:000171456000020 PM 11591655 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Lopez, C Caballero, E Huertas, FJ Romanek, CS AF Jimenez-Lopez, C Caballero, E Huertas, FJ Romanek, CS TI Chemical, mineralogical and isotope behavior, and phase transformation during the precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals from intermediate ionic solution at 25 degrees C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-GROWTH; FRACTIONATION; OXYGEN; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DIOXIDE; C-13; DISEQUILIBRIUM; DISSOLUTION; INHIBITION AB A set of time-series experiments was performed in which CaCO3 was precipitated (25 degreesC, 1 atm) from aliquots of an NaHCO3 (0.330 M)/CaCl2 (0.0023 M) solution in a closed system to evaluate the effect of phase transformation on calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics and isotope behavior. Monohydrocalcite precipitated initially at a solution saturation state (fl,,h,) slightly greater than one, whereas calcite crystallized later at a significant higher saturation state (Omega (c1) congruent to 14.4). The precipitation of calcite promoted the dissolution of monohydrocalcite, at a rate that exceeded calcite precipitation, producing anomalous behavior in the chemical and isotope composition of the system. The carbon isotope fractionation factors (10(3) ln alpha) for monohydrocalcite-HCO3(aq)- and monohydrocalcite CO2(g) were 0.36 +/- 0.01 parts per thousand and 8.35 +/-0.01 parts per thousand, respectively. The oxygen isotope fractionation factor for monohydrocalcite-H2O was 27.8 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand. The carbon isotope fractionation factors for calcite-HCO3(aq)- and calcite-CO2(g) were 0.94 +/- 0.06 parts per thousand and 8.93 +/- 0.06 parts per thousand, respectively, whereas the oxygen isotope fractionation factor for calcite-H2O(l) was 28.0 +/- 0.2 parts per thousand. A carbon isotope fractionation factor of 0.58 +/- 0.07 parts per thousand was determined for the mineral pair calcite-monohydrocalcite, but no fractionation was observed for oxygen isotopes over time steps when both minerals co-precipitated. Fractionation factors for calcite were independent of precipitation rate over the range in rates of 10(3.96) to 10(5.63) mu mol/m(2)h h. These results extend the upper limit of characterization for the relationship between precipitation rate and isotope partitioning of carbon between calcite, HCO3(aq)- and CO2(g), and quantitatively document for the first time the independence between precipitation rate and oxygen isotope partitioning in the calcite-H2O(l) system. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CSIC, Estac Expt Zaidin, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Jimenez-Lopez, C (reprint author), CSIC, Estac Expt Zaidin, C Prof Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain. RI Huertas, F. Javier/B-8332-2008 OI Huertas, F. Javier/0000-0002-1833-6018 NR 57 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 19 BP 3219 EP 3231 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00672-X PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 479DG UT WOS:000171388200003 ER PT J AU Vaniman, DT Chipera, SJ Bish, DL Carey, JW Levy, SS AF Vaniman, DT Chipera, SJ Bish, DL Carey, JW Levy, SS TI Quantification of unsaturated-zone alteration and cation exchange in zeolitized tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE; POTENTIAL REPOSITORY; SITE; NV AB Zeolitized horizons in the unsaturated zone (UZ) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, are an important component in concepts for a high-level nuclear waste repository at this site. The use of combined quantitative X-ray diffraction and geochemical analysis allows measurement of the chemical changes that accompanied open-system zeolitization at Yucca Mountain. This approach also provides measures of the extent of chemical migration that has occur-red in these horizons as a result of subsequent cation exchange. Mass-balance analysis of zeolitized horizons with extensive cation exchange (drill hole UZ-16) and with only minimal cation exchange (drill hole SD-9) shows that Al is essentially immobile. Although zeolitization occurred in an open system, the mass transfer of constituents other than water is relatively small in initial zeolitization, in contrast to the larger scales of cation exchange that can occur after zeolites have formed. Cation exchange in the clinoptilolite +/- mordenite zeolitized horizons is seen in downward-diminishing concentration gradients of Ca, Mg, and Sr exchanged for Na and (to lesser extent) K. Comparison with data from drill hole SD-7, which has multiple zeolitized horizons above the water table, shows that the upper horizons accumulate Ca. Mg, and Sr to such an extent that transport of these elements to the deepest UZ zeolitized horizon can be blocked. Quantitative analysis of zeolite formation yields insight into processes that are implied from laboratory studies and modeling efforts but are otherwise unverified at the site. Such analysis also yields information not provided by or contradicted by some models of flow and transport. The results include the following: (1) evidence of effective downward flow through zeolitic horizons despite the low permeability of these horizons, (2) evidence that alkaline-earth elements accumulated by zeolites are mostly derived from eolian materials in surface soils, (3) validation of the very effective operation of unsaturated zeolitic horizons as cation-exchange barriers, (4) independent support of models that indicate average water infiltration rates of similar to5 mm/yr over the past 10 Ma. and (5) evidence that the presence or absence of cation-exchange profiles can be used to identify those portions of the site where transport through the UZ is concentrated. This last point is relevant to repository design because a knowledge of where transport takes place can be used to advantage in defining the boundaries of a repository such that high-flux portions of the site can be avoided. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vaniman, DT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011 NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 20 BP 3409 EP 3433 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00682-2 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 491RP UT WOS:000172122900002 ER PT J AU Teng, HH Fenter, P Cheng, LW Sturchio, NC AF Teng, HH Fenter, P Cheng, LW Sturchio, NC TI Resolving orthoclase dissolution processes with atomic force microscopy and X-ray reflectivity SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CALCITE-WATER INTERFACE; FELDSPAR DISSOLUTION; IN-SITU; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LABRADORITE SURFACES; ALKALI FELDSPARS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LOW PH; ALBITE; 25-DEGREES-C AB Direct measurements of orthoclase (001) were pet-formed using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and synchrotron X-ray reflectivity to reveal the Angstrom -scale dissolution process as a function of pH and temperature. Distinct processes were observed, involving mainly terrace roughening at pH = 1.1 and step motion at pH = 12.9. A gel-like surface coating was observed to form at acidic pH under slow fluid flow-rate conditions. No coating was observed either at alkaline pH or at acidic pH under high fluid flow-rate conditions. The corresponding dissolution rates were measured directly at pH = 1.1 and 12.9 at similar to 50 degreesC using real-time X-ray reflectivity measurements, and reacted interface structures were derived from crystal truncation rod measurements after reaction at both acidic and alkaline pH. Our observations reveal, under these experimental conditions, that 1) orthoclase dissolution is controlled by at least two separate surface reactions having distinct reactive sites; 2) dissolution is stoichiometric at alkaline pH and only minimally nonstoichiometric (limited to one unit-cell depth) at acidic pH: previously identified nonstoichiometric layer thicknesses derived from macroscopic measurements are associated with the formation of the gel-like coatings; 3) dissolution rates measured at freshly cleaved (001) surfaces are comparable to those derived from steady-state powder dissolution rates for both alkaline and acidic pH; and 4) elevated transient dissolution rates are not observed for freshly cleaved surfaces but are obtained under alkaline conditions after reacting the orthoclase (001) surface at acidic pH, These observations clarify differences in orthoclase dissolution mechanisms as a function of pH, demonstrate the utility of AFM and X-ray scattering methods for measuring Angstrom -scale structures and face-specific dissolution rates on single crystals and place new constraints on the understanding of alkali feldspar weathering processes. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fenter, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fenter@anl.gov RI Cheng, Likwan/C-1436-2013 NR 52 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 20 BP 3459 EP 3474 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00665-2 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 491RP UT WOS:000172122900005 ER PT J AU Reeder, RJ Nugent, M Tait, CD Morris, DE Heald, SM Beck, KM Hess, WP Lanzirotti, A AF Reeder, RJ Nugent, M Tait, CD Morris, DE Heald, SM Beck, KM Hess, WP Lanzirotti, A TI Coprecipitation of uranium(VI) with calcite: XAFS, micro-XAS, and luminescence characterization SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; RAY STANDING-WAVE; SOLID-SOLUTION; WATER INTERFACE; URANYL-ION; SURFACE; SORPTION; GROWTH; CHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES AB X-ray absorption and luminescence spectroscopies have been used to characterize the local structure and coordination of uranium(VI) Species coprecipitated with calcite (CaCO3) from room-temperature aqueous solutions. Different solution chemistries and pHs are found to result in differences in the equatorial coordination of the uranyl species (UO22+) incorporated in the calcite, with multiple coordination environments of uranyl evident in one sample. Differences in the equatorial coordination between the aqueous uranyl species and those found in the calcite indicate that coordination changes occur during incorporation of at least some species, This contrasts with previous findings showing no change in equatorial coordination during uranyl incorporation into aragonite, and may explain the greater incorporation in this latter phase. The absence of calcium backscatterers and well defined structure beyond the equatorial shell is consistent with disorder associated with disruption of the local calcite structure. This may indicate an inability of the uranyl unit to assume a stable structural environment in the host calcite, which could decrease the stability of uranyl-containing calcite. Calcite single crystals grown in uranyl-containing solutions exhibit polygonized spiral growth hillocks on (10 (1) over bar4) surfaces composed of four vicinal surfaces, consistent with face symmetry. Micro-X-ray fluorescence reveals that uranium is differentially incorporated between nonequivalent vicinal surfaces, reflecting step-selective incorporation of uranyl species during growth. Micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra from the nonequivalent vicinal faces fail to reveal any differences in speciation between the vicinals or that might account for the presence of the multiple coordination environments identified by luminescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Reeder, RJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Morris, David/A-8577-2012 NR 54 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 10 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 20 BP 3491 EP 3503 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00647-0 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 491RP UT WOS:000172122900007 ER PT J AU Perg, LA Anderson, RS Finkel, RC AF Perg, LA Anderson, RS Finkel, RC TI Use of a new Be-10 and Al-26 inventory method to date marine terraces, Santa Cruz, California, USA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE marine terraces; geochronology; cosmogenic elements; Santa Cruz County; California ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; FLUVIAL TERRACES; PACIFIC COAST; UPLIFT RATES; SEA-LEVEL; WAVE-CUT; EVOLUTION; ISOTOPES; PROFILES; QUARTZ AB Marine terraces along active continental margins reflect the interplay between sea-level oscillations and rock uplift. Well-dated marine terraces record the timing of sea-level highstands and delimit both uplift and geomorphic rates. Cosmogenic radionuclides provide a new tool for dating previously undatable terraces. Because the five marine terraces north of Santa Cruz, California, are capped by well-developed soils formed in regressive marine sands, both predepositional cosmogenic radionuclide inheritance and bioturbation of the profile must be accounted for. We present a new cosmogenic radionuclide inventory method that uses the depth-integrated cosmogenic radionuclide concentration to determine the terrace age. This method yields terrace ages that correlate well with sea-level highstands of marine oxygen isotope stages 3, 5a, 5c, 5e, and 7. The implied uplift rate is steady at 1.1 mm/yr, and is two to three times higher than rates suggested by earlier studies. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Study Imaging & Dynam Earth, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry & Geosci & Envi, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Perg, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 34 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 29 IS 10 BP 879 EP 882 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0879:UOANBA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 479UG UT WOS:000171421500002 ER PT J AU Parmar, N Gorby, YA Beveridge, TJ Ferris, FG AF Parmar, N Gorby, YA Beveridge, TJ Ferris, FG TI Formation of green rust and immobilization of nickel in response to bacterial reduction of hydrous ferric oxide SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Shewanella; bacteria; green rust; nickel; iron reduction; hydrous ferric oxide ID CRYSTALLINE IRON(III) OXIDES; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; SHEWANELLA-ALGA; IRON; SULFATE; HYDROXIDE; MOSSBAUER; AMMONIUM; NITRATE; ENERGY AB This investigation documents the formation of Green Rust (GR) and immobilization of Ni2+ in response to bacterial reduction of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). In the absence of Ni2+, 79% of the total Fe( III) present as HFO was reduced; at 10(3) and 10(4) M Ni2+, 36% of the total Fe( III) was reduced, whereas 45 to 50% of the total Fe( III) was reduced at 10(5) M Ni2+. The inhibitory effect of 10(3) and 10(4) M Ni2+ on Fe(III)-reduction corresponded to a 50% decrease in number of viable cells relative to the Ni2+-free condition, and a 25% decrease at 10(5) M Ni2+. A prominent GR peak at d = 10.9 nm was evident in X-ray diffraction patterns of postreduction residual solids from the cultures. Minor peaks arising for vivianite and magnetite were also present. In samples prepared for scanning electron microscopy, thin hexagonal plates of GR were easily distinguished as a solid phase transformation product of HFO. Small hexagonal sheets and fragments of larger GR plates were also observed in transmission electron microscopy whole mounts together with bacteria that were mineralized by surface precipitates of microcrystalline magnetite. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that GR contained Fe and P, as well as Ni in those samples taken from the Ni2+-amended experiments. EDS detected neither P nor Ni in the magnetite precipitates associated with the bacterial cells. Dissolved Ni2+ concentrations decreased in an exponential fashion with respect to time in all experimental systems, corresponding to an overall first-order rate constant k of -0.030 day(1). At the same time, a strong linear relationship (r(2) = 0.99) between the dissolved and solid phase Ni2+/Fe2+ ratios over the entire period of the Fe(III) reduction experiments provided evidence that the solid-phase partitioning of Ni2+ in GR extended from equilibrium solid-solution behavior. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Microbiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Ferris, FG (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, 22 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. NR 27 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 18 IS 4 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.1080/014904501753210549 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 489AC UT WOS:000171968700001 ER PT J AU McCarthy, MC Connell, P Boering, KA AF McCarthy, MC Connell, P Boering, KA TI Isotopic fractionation of methane in the stratosphere and its effect on free tropospheric isotopic compositions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; REACTION CH4+CL; HYDROXYL; CHLORINE; RATIO; AIR; CL AB Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for the oxidation of CH4 by OH, Cl, and O(D-1) were incorporated into a 2D model of the atmosphere to examine how sensitive the carbon isotopic composition of CH4 in the free troposphere is to three influences: realistic stratospheric chemistry and transport, tropospheric Cl chemistry, and use of new, experimentally determined KIEs for the OH and O(D-1) sinks. At steady-state, our results indicate that stratospheric chemistry and transport enrich tropospheric delta (13) CH4 by 0.5 to 0.6 parts per thousand, tropospheric Cl chemistry as modeled enriches: delta (CH4)-C-13 by similar to0.3 parts per thousand ,and the new KIE for the OH sink depletes modeled global delta (CH4)-C-13 by >1 parts per thousand. Ignoring the stratosphere (and Cl chemistry in general) in models therefore happens to partially compensate for use of the previously accepted KIE for OH when comparisons with observations of free tropospheric delta (CH4)-C-13 are made. In contrast, including only one of these influences increases the error relative to including none. Thus, all 3 effects are of sufficient magnitude to warrant their inclusion in inverse models in order to reduce uncertainties in the CH4 budget. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP McCarthy, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI McCarthy, Michael/E-5970-2010 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 19 BP 3657 EP 3660 DI 10.1029/2001GL013159 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 476GF UT WOS:000171217300009 ER PT J AU Gasnault, O Feldman, WC Maurice, S Genetay, I d'Uston, C Prettyman, TH Moore, KR AF Gasnault, O Feldman, WC Maurice, S Genetay, I d'Uston, C Prettyman, TH Moore, KR TI Composition from fast neutrons: application to the Moon SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LUNAR AB Planetary neutron leakage fluxes provide a measure of surface composition. However to be used in geological studies, a quantitative relationship between measured fluxes and surface composition is needed. The present work shows that neutron production is expected to be a function of the atomic mass, and that the fast leakage flux in the energy range between 0.6 and 8 MeV is linearly related to the average soil atomic mass. This result is consistent with laboratory measurements, and with Lunar Prospector observations of the Moon. When calibrated with returned lunar samples, this relationship is used to construct a map of the average atomic mass of lunar soils. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Gasnault, O (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 11 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 19 BP 3797 EP 3800 DI 10.1029/2001GL013072 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 476GF UT WOS:000171217300044 ER PT J AU Philippacopoulos, AJ Berndt, ML AF Philippacopoulos, AJ Berndt, ML TI Influence of debonding in ground heat exchangers used with geothermal heat pumps SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE geothermal heat pumps; grout; debonding; thermal resistance; heat transfer AB Debonding in ground heat exchangers used with geothermal heat pumps may occur for a variety of reasons, such as shrinkage of the backfill materials or surrounding formation, improper grouting and thermal mismatch. The effect of thermal contact resistance on the heat conduction due to debonding in ground heat exchangers was investigated using a set of one-dimensional simplified analytical models as well as two-dimensional finite element models. From the cases studied, debonding at the backfill/pipe interface was found to be of greater significance than debonding between grout and surrounding formation. (C) 2001 CNR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Philippacopoulos, AJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Berndt, Marita/D-1901-2014 OI Berndt, Marita/0000-0002-6622-0597 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD OCT PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5 BP 527 EP 545 DI 10.1016/S0375-6505(01)00011-6 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 485UT UT WOS:000171783000002 ER PT J AU Gates, LD Liess, S AF Gates, LD Liess, S TI Impacts of deforestation and afforestation in the Mediterranean region as simulated by the MPI atmospheric GCM SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE climate; climate change; deforestation; afforestation ID ROMAN CLASSICAL-PERIOD; CLIMATE; MODEL; VEGETATION; DROUGHT AB For two reasons it is important to study the sensitivity of the global climate to changes in the vegetation cover over land. First, in the real world, changes in the vegetation cover may have regional and global implications. Second, in numerical simulations, the sensitivity of the simulated climate may depend on the specific parameterization schemes employed in the model and on the model's large-scale systematic errors. The Max-Planck-Institute's global general circulation model ECHAM4 has been used to study the sensitivity of the local and global climate during a full annual cycle to deforestation and afforestation in the Mediterranean region. The deforestation represents an extreme desertification scenario for this region. The changes in the afforestation experiment are based on the pattern of the vegetation cover 2000 years before present when the climate in the Mediterranean was more humid. The comparison of the deforestation integration to the control shows a slight cooling at the surface and reduced precipitation during the summer as a result of less evapotranspiration of plants and less evaporation from the assumption of eroded soils. There is no significant signal during the winter season due to the stronger influence of the mid-latitude baroclinic disturbances. In general, the results of the afforestation experiment are opposite to those of the deforestation case. A significant response was found in the vicinity of grid points where the land surface characteristics were modified. The response in the Sahara in the afforestation experiment is in agreement with the results from other general circulation model studies. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. RP Gates, LD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liess, Stefan /C-9311-2013 OI Liess, Stefan /0000-0002-3544-8505 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD OCT PY 2001 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 309 EP 328 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 514LB UT WOS:000173439700006 ER PT J AU Vine, EL Sathaye, JA Makundi, WR AF Vine, EL Sathaye, JA Makundi, WR TI An overview of guidelines and issues for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting, verification, and certification of forestry projects for climate change mitigation SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE monitoring; evaluation; reporting; verification; certification; forestry; climate change; joint implementation; clean development mechanism; market transformation; free ridership; baseline; environmental impacts; socioeconomic impacts; spillovers; leakage; free riders ID DEFORESTATION AB Monitoring and evaluation of forestry projects is needed to accurately determine their impact on greenhouse gas emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that the global climate is protected and that country obligations are met. We present an overview of guidelines recently developed for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting, verification, and certification of forestry projects for climate change mitigation.(1) These guidelines are targeted to developers, evaluators, verifiers, and certifiers of forestry projects, and address several key issues, including methods for estimating gross and net carbon savings. The next phase of our work will be to develop a procedural handbook providing information on how one can complete monitoring, evaluation and verification forms. We then plan to test the usefulness of these handbooks in the real world. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vine, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-2000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0959-3780(00)00058-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 488HX UT WOS:000171922800004 ER PT J AU Hang, HC Bertozzi, CR AF Hang, HC Bertozzi, CR TI Introducing novel chemical reactivity into glycoconjugates through the N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthetic pathway. SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Coconut Grove, FL 33133 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 10 MA 31 BP 872 EP 872 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 480JG UT WOS:000171457800038 ER PT J AU Napier, BA Shagina, NB Degteva, MO Tolstykh, EI Vorobiova, MI Anspaugh, LR AF Napier, BA Shagina, NB Degteva, MO Tolstykh, EI Vorobiova, MI Anspaugh, LR TI Preliminary uncertainty analysis for the doses estimated using the Techa River dosimetry system - 2000 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose assessment; contamination, environmental; modeling, dose assessment; exposure, population ID RECONSTRUCTION; POPULATION AB The Mayak Production Association (MPA) was the first facility in the former Soviet Union for the production of plutonium. As a result of failures in the technological processes in the late 1940's and early 1950's, members of the public were exposed via discharge of about 10(17) Bq of liquid wastes into the Techa River (1949-1956). Residents of many villages downstream on the Techa River were exposed via a variety of pathways; the more significant included drinking of water from the river and external gamma exposure due to proximity to sediments and shoreline. The specific aim of this project is to enhance the reconstruction of external and internal radiation doses for individuals in the Extended Techa River Cohort. The purpose of this paper is to present the approaches being used to evaluate the uncertainty in the calculated individual doses and to provide example and representative results of the uncertainty analyses. The magnitude of the uncertainties varies depending on location and time of individual exposure, but the results from reference-individual calculations indicate that for external doses, the range of uncertainty is about a factor of four to five. For internal doses, the range of uncertainty depends on village of residence, which is actually a surrogate for source of drinking water. For villages with single sources of drinking water (river or well), the ratio of the 97.5(th) percentile-to 2.5(th) percentile estimates can be a factor of 20 to 30. For villages with mixed sources of drinking water (river and well), the ratio of the range can be over two orders of magnitude. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ural Res Ctr Radiat Med, Chelyabinsk, Russia. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Div Radiobiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Napier, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Bruce.Napier@PNL.gov NR 14 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 81 IS 4 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.1097/00004032-200110000-00004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 472AH UT WOS:000170960500004 PM 11569634 ER PT J AU Goans, RE Holloway, EC Berger, ME Ricks, RC AF Goans, RE Holloway, EC Berger, ME Ricks, RC TI Early dose assessment in criticality accidents SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accident analysis; effective dose; dose assessment; biokinetics ID RADIATION AB Early estimation of dose is useful in the medical evaluation of severe radiation accidents. In a prior publication, lymphocyte depletion kinetics were shown to follow an exponential decline for gamma accidents in which the average whole-body dose was in the range 50 cGy < D < 8-10 Gy. In that study, the depletion rate constant was linearly related to dose, within the statistical variation of the historical hematological data. This simple technique has now been extended to include analysis of various types of criticality accidents (liquid process; water moderated systems; metallic systems). Lymphocyte depletion in high-level mixed gamma/neutron accidents is found to be approximately equal, at a given effective dose, to that for gamma accidents. This universality would indicate a neutron RBE for human lymphocytes close to unity. Furthermore, the technique appears to be insensitive to the shape of gamma and neutron spectra, therefore making it especially robust for initial, approximate dose estimation. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Radiat Emergency Assistance Ctr Training Site, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goans, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Radiat Emergency Assistance Ctr Training Site, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM goansr@orau.gov NR 11 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 81 IS 4 BP 446 EP 449 DI 10.1097/00004032-200110000-00009 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 472AH UT WOS:000170960500009 PM 11569639 ER PT J AU Leggett, RW Munro, NB Eckerman, KF AF Leggett, RW Munro, NB Eckerman, KF TI Proposed revision of the ICRP model for inhaled mercury vapor SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE biokinetics; respiratory system; International Commission on Radiological Protection; inhalation ID BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; HG-203 VAPOR; EXCRETION AB A critical review of the literature on the biokinetics of inhaled mercury vapor was performed as part of an accident analysis for the Spallation Neutron Source to be built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It was concluded that current models for inhaled mercury vapor do not accurately describe the distribution or residence time of mercury deposited in the respiratory tract. This paper proposes a model that is more consistent with collective information on the fate of inhaled mercury vapor in laboratory animals and human subjects. Compared with the model currently recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the proposed model predicts lower deposition in the bronchi and bronchioles, greater deposition in the alveolar-interstitial region, and a different pattern of absorption to blood. The proposed model yields substantially reduced estimates of lung dose and effective dose for most radioisotopes of mercury inhaled as mercury vapor. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leggett, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 1060COM,MS6480,Commerce Pk, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rwl@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 81 IS 4 BP 450 EP 455 DI 10.1097/00004032-200110000-00010 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 472AH UT WOS:000170960500010 PM 11569640 ER PT J AU Long, SA Quan, C Van de Water, J Nantz, MH Kurth, MJ Barsky, D Colvin, ME Lam, KS Coppel, RL Ansari, A Gershwin, ME AF Long, SA Quan, C Van de Water, J Nantz, MH Kurth, MJ Barsky, D Colvin, ME Lam, KS Coppel, RL Ansari, A Gershwin, ME TI The etiology of primary biliary cirrhosis: Connecting xenobiotics to anti-mitochondrial antibodies by ab initio quantum chemistry. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 SU S MA 677 BP 341A EP 341A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476KE UT WOS:000171224700670 ER PT J AU Talal, AH Flynn, SM Dorante, G Soto, G Jin, J Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS AF Talal, AH Flynn, SM Dorante, G Soto, G Jin, J Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS TI Hepatitis C virus dynamics in HIV/HCV coinfection in response to daily, high-dose interferon-alpha 2a. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. N Shore Biostat Grp, Manhasset, NY USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 SU S MA 1529 BP 554A EP 554A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476KE UT WOS:000171224701519 ER PT J AU Lindert, N Chang, LL Choi, YK Anderson, EH Lee, WC King, TJ Bokor, J Hu, CM AF Lindert, N Chang, LL Choi, YK Anderson, EH Lee, WC King, TJ Bokor, J Hu, CM TI Sub-60-nm quasi-planar FinFETs fabricated using a simplified process SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE double-gate; double-resist process; fin; FinFET; MOSFET; short-channel effects; SiGe gate AB N-channel double-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) FinFETs with gate and fin dimensions as small as 30 nm have been fabricated using a new, simplified process. Short channel effects are effectively suppressed when the Si fin width is less than two-thirds of the gate length. Drive current for typical devices is found to be above 500 muA/mum (or 1mA/mum, depending on the definition of the width of the double-gate device) for V-g - V-t = V-d = 1 V. The electrical gate oxide thickness in these devices is 21A, determined from the first FinFET capacitance-versus-voltage characteristics obtained to date. These results indicate that the FinFET is a promising structure for the future manufacturing of integrated circuits with sub-60-nm feature size, and that double-gate MOSFETs can meet international technology roadmap for semiconductors performance specifications without aggressive scaling of the gate-oxide thickness. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Intel Corp, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Lindert, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 10 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 10 BP 487 EP 489 DI 10.1109/55.954920 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 479YT UT WOS:000171432400011 ER PT J AU Bradley, E Hranisavljevic, J AF Bradley, E Hranisavljevic, J TI Characterization of the melting and wetting of Sn-Ag-X solders SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS PACKAGING MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE alloys; DSC; melting point; Pb-free solder AB There is tremendous interest presently with Pb-free solder assembly in the surface mount assembly industry in response to recent Japanese and European initiatives and proposed governmental restrictions regarding Pb usage and disposal. Many different solder alloys have been proposed as potential Pb-free solder replacements and the most promising of these fall into the general alloy families of Tin-silver (Sn-Ag), Tin-silver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu) and Tin-silver-bismuth (Sn-Ag-Bi). Published melting point data on some of these alloys indicates that they should be capable of reduced reflow temperatures relative to the commonly available Sn-3.5Ag alloy, which melts at 221degreesC. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and reflow visualization was used to characterize the melting and wetting of the Pb-free alloys and generate the practical reflow temperature requirements. This was compared to the DSC data to gain insight on the meaning of the DSC melting data for surface mount applications. The results show that, in general, the wetting performance of the Sn-Ag-Bi alloys are more similar to Sn-Ag and Sn-Ag-Cu than would be predicted by the major onset melting temperature data as measured by the DSC. C1 Motorola Inc, Adv Prod Technol Ctr, Plantation, FL 33322 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bradley, E (reprint author), Motorola Inc, Adv Prod Technol Ctr, Plantation, FL 33322 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1521-334X J9 IEEE T ELECTRON PA M JI IEEE Trans. Electron. Packag. Manuf. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 24 IS 4 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1109/6104.980033 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 516BN UT WOS:000173531700005 ER PT J AU Everett, ME Badea, EA Shen, LC Merchant, GA Weiss, CJ AF Everett, ME Badea, EA Shen, LC Merchant, GA Weiss, CJ TI 3-D finite element analysis of induction logging in a dipping formation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Eddy currents; electomagnetic induction (EMI); finite element methods (FEMs); geophysics; petroleum ID BOREHOLE AB Electromagnetic induction (EMI) by a magnetic dipole located above a dipping interface is of relevance to the petroleum well-logging industry. The problem is fully three-dimensional (3-D) when formulated as above, but reduces to an analytically tractable one-dimensional (1-D) problem when cast as a small tilted coil above a horizontal interface. The two problems are related by a simple coordinate rotation. An examination of the induced eddy currents and the electric charge accumulation at the interface help to explain the inductive and polarization effects commonly observed in induction logs from dipping geological formations. The equivalence between the 1-D and 3-D formulations of the problem enables the validation of a previously published finite element solver for 3-D controlled-source EMI. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Elect Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Multiphys Numer Res Grp, Houston, TX 77083 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geophys Technol Div, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Everett, ME (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 2244 EP 2252 DI 10.1109/36.957287 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 484FW UT WOS:000171680400016 ER PT J AU Shi, Z Wei, GW Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK Bao, Z AF Shi, Z Wei, GW Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK Bao, Z TI Lagrange wavelets for signal processing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE distributed approximating functionals; generalized Lagrange wavelets; softer logic masking; visual group normalization ID COMPACTLY SUPPORTED WAVELETS; MULTIRATE FILTER-BANKS; INTERPOLATING WAVELETS; ANTICAUSAL INVERSES; TRANSFORMS; BASES; REPRESENTATION; CONSTRUCTION; QUANTIZATION; COMPRESSION AB This paper deals with the design of interpolating wavelets based on a variety of Lagrange functions, combined with novel signal processing techniques for digital imaging. Halfband Lagrange wavelets, B-spline Lagrange wavelets and Gaussian Lagrange [Lagrange distributed approximating functional (DAF)] wavelets are presented as specific examples of the generalized Lagrange wavelets. Our approach combines the perceptually dependent visual group normalization (VGN) technique and a softer logic masking (SLM) method. These are utilized to rescale the wavelet coefficients, remove perceptual redundancy and obtain good visual performance for digital image processing. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Key Lab Radar Signal Proc, Xian 710071, Peoples R China. RP Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM zshi@bayou.uh.edu; escweigw@nus.edu.sg; kouri@uh.edu; hoffman@ameslab.gov; zhbao@rsp.xidian.edu.cn RI Wei, Guowei /E-1852-2011 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1488 EP 1508 DI 10.1109/83.951535 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 474YX UT WOS:000171135800009 PM 18255493 ER PT J AU Coperich, KM Morsey, J Okhmatovski, VI Cangellaris, AC Ruehli, DE AF Coperich, KM Morsey, J Okhmatovski, VI Cangellaris, AC Ruehli, DE TI Systematic development of transmission-line models for interconnects with frequency-dependent losses SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE broad-band transmission-line model; closed-form electromagnetic Green's functions; dispersion; dispersive multiconductor interconnect model; equivalent circuit; finite-difference time-domain simulation; frequency-dependent losses; frequency-dependent per-unit-length mpedance matrix; frequency-dependent per-unit-length; inductance parameters; frequency-dependent per-unit-length resistance parameters; high-speed electrical interconnections; lossy ground planes; magneto-quasi-static problem; method of moments; multiconductor transmission lines; ohmic losses; parameter-extraction methodology; planar inhomogeneous media; proximity effect; rational function representations; skin effect; SPICE-compatible models; telegrapher's equations; time-domain simulation; transmission line; vector curve fitting AB This paper presents a new method for the extraction of the frequency-dependent, per-unit-length (p.u.l.) resistance, and inductance parameters of multiconductor interconnects. The proposed extraction methodology is based on a new formulation of the magneto-quasi-static problem that allows lossy ground planes of finite thickness to be modeled rigorously. The formulation is such that the p.u.l. impedance matrix for the multiconductor interconnect is extracted directly at a prescribed frequency. Once the matrix has been calculated over the bandwidth of interest, rational function representations of its elements are generated through a robust matrix curve-fitting process. Such a formulation enables subsequent transient analysis of interconnects through a variety of approaches. Direct incorporation of the rational function model into a general-purpose circuit simulator and a standalone multiconductor-transmission-line simulator is demonstrated. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Coperich, KM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 17 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1677 EP 1685 DI 10.1109/22.954771 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 480KK UT WOS:000171460400003 ER PT J AU Parker, SI Kenney, CJ AF Parker, SI Kenney, CJ TI Performance of 3-D architecture silicon sensors after intense proton irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE detectors; pin diodes; radiation hardness; semiconductor detectors; silicon detectors; three-dimensional electrodes ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; CHARGE COLLECTION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DETECTORS; DIODES; NEUTRONS; HARDNESS; PIONS; DENSITY; OXIDES AB Silicon detectors with a three-dimensional architecture, in which the n- and p-electrodes penetrate through the entire substrate, have been successfully fabricated. The electrodes can be separated from each other by distances that are less than the substrate thickness, allowing short collection paths, low depletion voltages, and large current signals from rapid charge collection. While no special hardening steps were taken in this initial fabrication run, these features of three-dimensional architectures produce an intrinsic resistance to the effects of radiation damage. Some performance measurements are given for detectors that are fully depleted and working after exposures to proton beams with doses equivalent to that from slightly more than ten years at the B-layer radius (50 mm) in the planned Atlas detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sher@slac.stanford.edu NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1629 EP 1638 DI 10.1109/23.960351 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 486QJ UT WOS:000171828200003 ER PT J AU Dressendorfer, PV AF Dressendorfer, PV TI Special section of papers from the Radecs 2000 Workshop SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dressendorfer, PV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 0525,Dept 1732,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1677 EP 1679 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 486QJ UT WOS:000171828200008 ER PT J AU Fjeldly, TA Deng, YQ Shur, MS Hjalmarson, HP Muyshondt, A Ytterdal, T AF Fjeldly, TA Deng, YQ Shur, MS Hjalmarson, HP Muyshondt, A Ytterdal, T TI Modeling of high-dose-rate transient ionizing radiation effects in bipolar devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS) CY SEP 11-13, 2000 CL LOUVAIN LA NEUVE, BELGIUM DE circuit simulation; device modeling; ionizing radiation; photoelectric effect; semiconductor devices; transient phenomena AB We have developed a dynamic model for photoelectric effect in bipolar devices exposed to a wide range of ionizing radiation intensities. We represent the stationary and dynamic photocurrents by current sources in parallel with each p-n junction. These sources include the prompt photocurrent of the depletion regions and the delayed response associated with the buildup and discharge of excess charge carriers in the quasi-neutral (q-n) regions adjacent to the junctions. The latter are described in terms of dynamic delay times for each q-n region, which can be represented by RC equivalent delay circuits. The model has been implemented in the circuit simulator AIM-Spice and has been verified by numerical simulations. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, UniK, Ctr Technol, Kjeller, Norway. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys Elect, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. RP Fjeldly, TA (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, UniK, Ctr Technol, Kjeller, Norway. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1721 EP 1730 DI 10.1109/23.960363 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 486QJ UT WOS:000171828200015 ER PT J AU Wang, JM Anders, A Boxman, RL AF Wang, JM Anders, A Boxman, RL TI Guest editorial - Special issue on vacuum discharge plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Xian Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Elect Discharge & Plasma Lab, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Wang, JM (reprint author), Xian Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 29 IS 5 BP 654 EP 656 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 491WL UT WOS:000172133000001 ER PT J AU Anders, A Fong, W Kulkarni, AV Ryan, FW Bhatia, CS AF Anders, A Fong, W Kulkarni, AV Ryan, FW Bhatia, CS TI Ultrathin diamond-like carbon films deposited by filtered carbon vacuum arcs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIXth International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) CY SEP 18-22, 2000 CL XIAN JIAOTONG UNIV, XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE Dielectrics & Elect Insulat Soc, ABB, Shaanxi baoguang Electr Corp, Beijing Switchgear Factory, Chengdu Xuguang Electr Co Ltd, Cutler Hammer, Elect Power Res Inst, High Voltage Switchgear Dept, Guiyang Zhenhua Corp, Yuguang Branch, Jinzhou Huaguang Elect Manufactory, Ningbo Nat Co Ltd, SIEMENS, Tianshui Changcheng Elect Co Ltd, Tianshui Changcheng Switchgear Factory, TOSHIBA, Xian High Voltage Apparatus Res Inst, Xian Jietian Elect Manufactory Co Ltd HO XIAN JIAOTONG UNIV DE carbon overcoats; cathodic vacuum arc; diamond-like carbon; macroparticle filtering; magnetic storage ID TETRAHEDRAL AMORPHOUS-CARBON; CATHODIC-ARC; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PULSED-ARC; ION ENERGY; NITRIDE FILMS; PLASMA; GROWTH; MACROPARTICLES AB Ultrathin (<5 nm) hard carbon films are of great interest to the magnetic storage industry as the areal density approaches 100 Gb/in(2). These films are used as overcoats to protect the magnetic layers on disk media and the active elements of the read-write slider. Tetrahedral amorphous carbon films can be produced by filtered cathodic arc deposition, but the films will only be accepted by the storage industry if the "macroparticle" issue has been solved. Better plasma filters have been developed over recent years. Emphasis is put on the promising twist filter system-a compact, open structure that operates with pulsed arcs and high magnetic field. Based on corrosion tests it is shown that the macroparticle reduction by the twist filter is satisfactory for this demanding application, while plasma throughput is very high. Ultrathin hard carbon films have been synthesized using S-filter and twist filter systems. Film properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, wear, and corrosion resistance have been tested. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Read Rite Corp, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. IBM Corp, Adv Magnet Recording Lab, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 72 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 29 IS 5 BP 768 EP 775 DI 10.1109/27.964472 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 491WL UT WOS:000172133000022 ER PT J AU Bartkowiak, M Comber, MG Mahan, GD AF Bartkowiak, M Comber, MG Mahan, GD TI Influence of nonuniformity of ZnO varistors on their energy absorption capability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE ANSI standard tests; current pulses; electrical nonuniformity; energy absorption capability; failure modes; metal-oxide surge arresters; varistors ID OXIDE SURGE ARRESTERS; SIMULATION; FAILURE AB A simple thermo-mechanical model is applied to evaluate the influence of the nonuniformity of ZnO varistor disks used in surge arresters on their energy handling capability. Puncture is the dominating failure mode for slightly nonuniform disks, but cracking becomes more likely as the degree of nonuniformities increases. It is shown that minimization of the chance of a failure of varistor disks at high-current pulses can be achieved by adjusting their resistivity in the upturn region of the I-V characteristic. Simulation of the behavior of varistor disks under high-current 4/10 mus pulses required by the ANSI standard tests shows that these tests provide very little information about the actual energy handling capability of the disks. This conclusion suggests that alternate test methods should be developed and included in the relevant standards. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hubbell Power Syst, Centralia, MO 65240 USA. RP Bartkowiak, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 4 BP 591 EP 598 DI 10.1109/61.956742 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 481VZ UT WOS:000171542300024 ER PT J AU LaBonte, ML Hershberger, KL Korber, B Letvin, NL AF LaBonte, ML Hershberger, KL Korber, B Letvin, NL TI The KIR and CD94/NKG2 families of molecules in the rhesus monkey SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; MHC-CLASS-I; C-TYPE LECTINS; NK CELLS; INHIBITORY RECEPTOR; HUMAN CD94; HLA-C; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; IMMUNORECEPTOR DAP12; FUNCTIONAL TRANSFER AB Natural killer (NX) cells and a subset of T cells express families of receptors that are capable of detecting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression on the surface of cells. Molecules of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family bind directly to MHC class 1, while those of the CD94/NKG2 family recognize MHC class I signal sequences bound to HLA-E. Both the KIR and CD94/NKG2 families are composed of activating and inhibitory molecules that serve to regulate the function of NK cells as a result of their MHC class I recognition. Here we review the recently described KIR and CD94/NKG2 family members in the rhesus monkey. C1 Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Div Viral Pathogenesis,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Letvin, NL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Div Viral Pathogenesis,Dept Med, 330 Brookline Ave,RE-113, Boston, MA 02215 USA. OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI20729] NR 67 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 183 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1830103.x PG 16 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 506GM UT WOS:000172961600003 PM 11782245 ER PT J AU Abdo, KM Grumbein, S Chou, BJ Herbert, R AF Abdo, KM Grumbein, S Chou, BJ Herbert, R TI Toxicity and carcinogenicity study in F344 rats following 2 years of whole-body exposure to naphthalene vapors SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLARA CELL CYTOTOXICITY; ZERO DOSE CONTROL; CYTOCHROME-P450 ACTIVITY; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; COVALENT BINDING; MICE; GLUTATHIONE; ENZYMES; HAMSTERS; CATARACT AB The toxicologic and carcinogenic potential of naphthalene was studied by exposing groups of 49 male and 49 female F344 rats to atmospheres containing 0, 10, 30, or 60 ppm of the chemical for 6 h daily, 5 days/wk for 2 yr. Mean body weights of exposed groups of male rats were less than for the control group throughout most of the study. Mean body weights of exposed female rats were generally similar to those of controls. Survival of exposed and control rats was similar. Under the conditions of this 2-yr inhalation study, naphthalene was carcinogenic to male and female F344/N rats, causing increased incidences of respiratory epithelial adenoma ( males: control, 0%; low dose, 12%, mid dose, 17%; high dose, 31%; females: 0%; 0%; 8%; 4%) and olfactory epithelial neuroblastoma ( males: control, 0%; low dose, 0%; mid dose, 8%; high dose, 6%; females: 0; 4%; 6%; 24%) of the nose. In both sexes of rats, exposure to naphthalene also caused significant increases in the incidences of nasal lesions including hyperplasia, atrophy, chronic inflammation, and hyaline degeneration of the olfactory epithelium and hyperplasia; squamous metaplasia, hyaline degeneration, and goblet-cell hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium; and glandular hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia. C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Battelle Toxicol NW, Richland, WA USA. RP Abdo, KM (reprint author), NIEHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 57 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 13 IS 10 BP 931 EP 950 PG 20 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 474JJ UT WOS:000171103100005 PM 11696867 ER PT J AU Mitchell, TE Baskes, MI Hoagland, RG Misra, A AF Mitchell, TE Baskes, MI Hoagland, RG Misra, A TI Dislocation core structures and yield stress anomalies in molybdenum disilicide SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Deformation and Microstruture in Intermatallics CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE molybdenum silicides; plastic deformation mechanisms; defects : dislocation; geometry and arrangements; mechanical properties : theory; simulations : atomistic ID MOSI2 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SOLIDIFIED MOSI2-BASED ALLOYS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; SLIP AB Stacking fault energies in MoSi2 due to shear along < 331 > have been calculated by modified embedded atom method (MEAM) calculations. Preliminary calculations have also been made of dislocation core structures and their response to applied stress. The results are used to investigate the configuration and mobility of 1/2 < 331 > dislocations. Shear of 1/6 < 331 > in the {103} plane of MoSi2 produces an anti-phase boundary (APB) whose geometry, called APB(1), is different from that produced by 1/6 < 331 > in the opposite direction, APB(2). Calculations show that APB(1) is stable and APB(2) is unstable. MEAM calculations show that there is a stable fault close to APB(2) with a displacement of similar to1/8 < 331 > in the same direction. The {103} planes have an unusual five laver stacking sequence with successive planes offset by 1/5 < 301 >. Shear of 1/10 < 351 > in the correct direction gives a low energy intrinsic fault. This vector is close to the 1/8 < 331 > shear that produces a stable fault. Various dissociated configurations of 1/2 < 331 > dislocations are considered based on these partials. All can have asymmetrical arrangements which will respond differently to the direction of the applied stress, explaining the yield stress asymmetry in MoSi2. All of the slip systems ( < 100 > {0kl} and < 111 > {110} as well as < 331 > {103}) exhibit yield stress anomalies at different temperatures. Different core configurations at high and low temperatures are used to explain the phenomena. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mitchell, TE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, MST-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2001 VL 9 IS 10-11 BP 849 EP 856 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00081-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 499QZ UT WOS:000172583000002 ER PT J AU Field, RD Thoma, DJ Cooley, JC Chu, F Fu, CL Yoo, MH Hults, WL Cady, CM AF Field, RD Thoma, DJ Cooley, JC Chu, F Fu, CL Yoo, MH Hults, WL Cady, CM TI Dislocations in Mo5SiB2 T2 phase SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Deformation and Microstruture in Intermatallics CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE molybdenum silicides; deformation mechanisms; defects : theory; electron microscopy; transmission ID ISOTHERMAL OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; SI-B INTERMETALLICS; BORON; SILICIDES AB Dislocation structures in a nearly single phase annealed MO5SiB2 T2 alloy have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dislocations have been subjected to Burgers vector and trace analyses to determine the slip directions and planes with the aid of image simulations generated using single crystal elastic constants derived from first principles calculations. The experimental results are compared to predicted slip directions and planes from anisotropic elasticity calculations. Thermal expansion coefficients have been measured by dilatometry and are compared to both calculated and previous experimental values measured using diffraction techniques. Lastly, preliminary compression testing has been performed on the single phase material at 1200 degreesC. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Field, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2001 VL 9 IS 10-11 BP 863 EP 868 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00083-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 499QZ UT WOS:000172583000004 ER PT J AU Sharif, AA Misra, A Petrovic, JJ Mitchell, TE AF Sharif, AA Misra, A Petrovic, JJ Mitchell, TE TI Alloying of MoSi2 for improved mechanical properties SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Deformation and Microstructure in Intermetallics CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA DE intermetallics; molybdenum silicides; brittleness and ductility; yield stress ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Effects of alloying on mechanical properties of solidification processed polycrystalline MoSi2, ternary (Mo, 2.5 at.% Re)Si-2, Mo(2 at.% Al, Si)(2), (Mo, 1 at.% Nb)Si-2, and quaternary (Mo, 1 at.% Re)(2 at.% Al, Si)(2) alloys were evaluated by microhardness testing at room temperature and compression testing at elevated temperatures. Alloying with 2.5 at.% Re resulted in an anomalously high solid solution hardening in MoSi2, while alloying with 2 at.% Al lowered the brittle- to-ductile transition temperature, in compression, of polycrystalline MoSi2 from 900 degreesC to less than or equal to 25 degreesC. Similar to the effects observed in the quaternary (Mo, 1 at,% Re)(2 at.% Al, Si)(2) alloy, 1 at.% Nb containing samples exhibited concurrent enhanced ambient temperature ductility and higher elevated temperature strength compared to pure MoSi2. The effects of alloying MoSi2 with 2.5 at.% Re, 1 at.% Re + 2 at.% Al, and 1 at.% Nb on hardness and yield strength are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Flint, MI 48502 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sharif, AA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 303 E Kearsley St,213 MSB, Flint, MI 48502 USA. EM asharif@umich.edu RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 19 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2001 VL 9 IS 10-11 BP 869 EP 873 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00084-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 499QZ UT WOS:000172583000005 ER PT J AU Yanar, C Radmilovic, V Soffa, WA Wiezorek, JMK AF Yanar, C Radmilovic, V Soffa, WA Wiezorek, JMK TI Evolution of microstructure and defect structure in L1(0)-ordered manganese aluminide permanent magnet alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Deformation and Microstructure in Intermetallics CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA DE phase transformations; twinning; defects : planar faults; electron microscopy; transmission ID DOMAINS; PHASE; AL AB Defects produced in massively transformed L1(0)-ordered tau -MnAl have been characterized by detailed TEM studies. The defect population in massive tau -MnAl comprises arrays of overlapping octahedral stacking faults, {111}-conjugated microtwins, thermal antiphase boundaries and dislocations. The genesis of these defects has been attributed to atomic attachment faulting on {111}- and {020}-type facets of the essentially incoherent growth interface between the parent and product phases. The features of the defect genesis in T-MnAl are discussed with respect to the role of atomic level processes at solid-state transformation interfaces in general and growth interfaces in massively transforming materials systems in particular. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Belgrade, Dept Met Phys, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM wiezorek+@pitt.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2001 VL 9 IS 10-11 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00095-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 499QZ UT WOS:000172583000016 ER PT J AU Misra, A Gibala, R Noebe, RD AF Misra, A Gibala, R Noebe, RD TI Optimization of toughness and strength in multiphase intermetallics SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Deformation and Microstruture in Intermatallics CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE NiAl; directionally solidified eutectics; ductile-phase toughening; slip transfers; precipitate strengthening ID FE-AL ALLOYS; CLEAVAGE FRACTURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NIAL-CR; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURES; ALUMINIDES; TRANSITION; TENSILE AB We have examined the effects of a fine dispersion of precipitates in the matrix phase of two multiphase NiAl-based alloys on strength and toughness. The first system is a directionally solidified Ni-30Fe-23Al alloy composed of a B2 matrix reinforced with a ductile fcc-based second phase. Spinodal decomposition leads to fine-scale bcc precipitates within the B2 phase, resulting in a 50% increase in room-temperature strength, but with reduced ductility and toughness compared to similar alloys without the strengthening precipitates. The increase in strength limits matrix plasticity prior to cleavage crack initiation, but some slip transfer still occurs from the fcc-based phase to the (B2 + bcc) matrix. A mixed dendritic and lamellar microstructure also contributes to lower toughness. The second system is a directionally solidified NiAl-31Cr-3Mo eutectic composed of a B2-NiAl matrix reinforced with a Cr(Mo) phase. Small additions of Hf and Si to this material result in the precipitation of a fine cuboidal G-phase in the NiAl matrix. Reduced toughness in this modified alloy relative to unalloyed NiAl-Cr(Mo) is attributed to the lack of plasticity in the precipitate-strengthened matrix and partial loss of the aligned lamellar microstructure by Hf and Si alloying. Observations of the deformation and fracture mechanisms in these alloys are used as a basis to discuss microstructural design of multiphase intermetallics with optimized strength and toughness. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2001 VL 9 IS 10-11 BP 971 EP 978 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00098-X PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 499QZ UT WOS:000172583000019 ER PT J AU Haldar, K Samuel, BU Mohandas, N Harrison, T Hiller, NL AF Haldar, K Samuel, BU Mohandas, N Harrison, T Hiller, NL TI Transport mechanisms in Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes: lipid rafts and a tubovesicular network SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE malaria; detergent-resistant membrane raft; tubovesicular membrane network; trafficking; apicomplexa; membrane ID GPI-ANCHORED PROTEINS; RED-CELL INVASION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; MALARIA PARASITES; BLOOD-CELLS; FALCIPARUM MEROZOITES; MOVING JUNCTION; DENSE GRANULES; GLYCOPHORIN-A; MEMBRANE AB The mature human erythrocyte is a simple cell that is devoid of intracellular organelles and does not show endocytic or phagocytic activity at the plasma membrane. However, following infection by Plasmodium, the erythrocyte undergoes several morphological and functional changes. Parasite-derived proteins are exported into the erythrocyte cytoplasm and to the membrane, while several proteins are localised to the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane and to the tubovesicular membranous network structures surrounding the parasite. Recent evidence indicates that multiple host proteins, independent of the type of their membrane anchor, that exist in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) rafts or microdomains enter this apicomplexan vacuole. The internalised host components along with the parasite-encoded transmembrane protein PfEXP1 can be detected as DRM rafts in the vacuole. It appears that in Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes lipid rafts may play a role in endovacuolation and macromolecular transport. (C) 2001 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Samuel, BU (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Pathol, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RI Haldar, Kasturi/C-6685-2014; Hiller, N. Luisa/A-3739-2016 OI Hiller, N. Luisa/0000-0001-6572-1368 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 26670, AI 39071]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 32094] NR 47 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1393 EP 1401 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00251-X PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 479WQ UT WOS:000171427000012 PM 11566306 ER PT J AU Chan, KS Bodner, SR Munson, DE AF Chan, KS Bodner, SR Munson, DE TI Permeability of WIPP salt during damage evolution and healing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC FLOW; ROCK-SALT; FRACTURE NETWORKS; MODEL; PERCOLATION AB The presence of damage in the form of microcracks can increase the permeability of salt. In this paper, an analytical formulation of the permeability of damaged rock salt is presented for both initially intact and porous conditions. The analysis shows that permeability is related to the connected (i.e., gas accessible) volumetric strain and porosity according to two different power-laws, which may be summed to give the overall behavior of a porous salt with damage. This relationship was incorporated into a constitutive model, known as the Multimechanism Deformation Coupled Fracture (MDCF) model, which has been formulated to describe the inelastic flow behavior of rock salt due to coupled creep, damage, and healing. The extended model was used to calculate the permeability of rock salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site under, conditions where damage evolved with stress over a time period. Permeability changes resulting from both damage development under deviatoric stresses and damage healing under hydrostatic pressures were considered. The calculated results were compared against, experimental data from the literature, which indicated that permeability in damaged intact WIPP salt depends on the magnitude of the gas accessible volumetric strain and not on the total volumetric strain. Consequently, the permeability of WIPP salt is significantly affected by the kinetics of crack closure, but shows little dependence on the kinetics of crack removal by sintering. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Chan, KS (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1056-7895 J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH JI Int. J. Damage Mech. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 10 IS 4 BP 347 EP 375 DI 10.1106/H3UV-1URA-AFUY-FX49 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 507TZ UT WOS:000173046800004 ER PT J AU Culbertson, RL AF Culbertson, RL TI Physics beyond the Standard Model: Experimental SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; SEARCH; TECHNICOLOR; DIMENSIONS; LEP AB The search for physics beyond the Standard Model includes Technicolor particles, Higgs Bosons, compositeness, many variations of Supersymmetry, large extra dimensions, model-independent searches for anomalies, and other topics. This article reports a subset of these ongoing searches at the high-energy colliders, Tevatron, HERA and LEP. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Culbertson, RL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006334 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200009 ER PT J AU Bodek, A Yang, UK Adams, T Alton, A Arroyo, CG Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bazarko, AO Bernstein, RH Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, JA Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH King, BJ Kinnel, T Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McFarland, KS McNulty, C Mishra, SR Naples, D Suwonjandee, N Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Sciulli, FJ Seligman, WG Shaevitz, MH Smith, WH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Bodek, A Yang, UK Adams, T Alton, A Arroyo, CG Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bazarko, AO Bernstein, RH Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, JA Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH King, BJ Kinnel, T Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McFarland, KS McNulty, C Mishra, SR Naples, D Suwonjandee, N Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Sciulli, FJ Seligman, WG Shaevitz, MH Smith, WH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED CA CCFR NuTeV Collaboration TI New mesurements of nucleon structure functions from CCFR/NuTeV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB We report on the extraction of the structure functions F-2 and DeltaxF(3) = xF(3)(nu) - xF(3)((ν) over bar) from CCFR nu(mu)-Fe and (ν) over bar (mu)-Fe differential cross sections. The extraction is performed in a physics model independent (PMI) way. This first measurement for DeltaxF(3), which is useful in testing models of heavy charm production, is higher than current theoretical predictions. Within 5% the F-2 (PMI) values measured in nu(mu), and mu scattering are in agreement with the predictions of Next-to-Leading-Order PDFs (using massive charm production schemes), thus resolving the long-standing discrepancy between the two measurements. C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bodek, A (reprint author), Univ Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bernstein, Robert/0000-0002-7610-950X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 202 EP 204 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006486 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200024 ER PT J AU Muller, D Nesom, G AF Muller, D Nesom, G CA SLD Collaboration TI Correlations between identified charged hadrons in hadronic Z(0) decays SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB We have studied rapidity correlations between pairs of identified pi(+/-), K+/- and p/(p) over bar. Short-range charge correlations axe observed between all combinations of these hadron species, indicating local conservation of quantum numbers and charge ordering in the jet fragmentation process. Long-range correlations axe observed in u, d, s-flavor events for all pair types, providing new information on leading particle: production. Different correlations observed in c- and b-events axe consistent with expectations for B and D hadron decays. The SLC electron beam polarization was used to tag the quark hemisphere in each event, allowing the first study of rapidities signed such that positive rapidity is along the quark rather than antiquark direction. Ordered differences in signed rapidity between pairs of particles provide many new probes of the fragmentation process, including the first direct observation of baryon number ordering along the quark-antiquark axis. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Muller, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 235 EP 237 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006589 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200034 ER PT J AU Krane, J AF Krane, J TI Inclusive jet cross sections at DO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS AB The DO Collaboration has measured the inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions in several pseudorapidity ranges and at two center-of-mass energies. This article and its associated talk present three measurements. First, I present the inclusive jet cross section (roots = 1800 GeV) in 5 pseudorapidity bins. Second, the central jet cross section at roots = 630 GeV is combined with the cross section at 1800 GeV to form a ratio where many uncertainties cancel. Third, the cross section for two or more jets is compared to the cross section for three or more jets (at roots =1800 GeV). C1 Iowa State Univ, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Krane, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Fermilab, MS357,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006619 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200037 ER PT J AU Bocci, A Kuhlmann, S Lami, S Latino, G AF Bocci, A Kuhlmann, S Lami, S Latino, G TI Study of jet energy resolution at CDF SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID = 1.8 TEV; COLLISIONS AB The jet energy resolution comes from many sources, which can be grouped into two categories: (1) detector effects such as calorimeter resolution, and (2) physics effects such as fluctuations in the energy outside a clustering cone. For the detector resolution we used both CDF detector simulation and data. For the first time the full granularity of the CDF detector is used to perform corrections at "tower level" rather than at "jet level". The track momenta measured by the Central Tracking Chamber and the neutral cluster energies measured by the Central Shower Max are used to correct the calorimeter tower energies. When tested on gamma + jet data, our new algorithm has shown an improvement on the jet energy resolution better than 20% compared to the standard CDF jet corrections. C1 Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Cassino, I-03043 Cassino, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. RP Bocci, A (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. OI Latino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4098-3502 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006632 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200039 ER PT J AU Akimoto, H AF Akimoto, H CA SLD Collaboration TI A preliminary study of the structure of b(b)over-barg events using Z(0) decays SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID ORDER QCD-CORRECTIONS; FLAVOR INDEPENDENCE; MASSIVE QUARKS AB The structure of three-jet b (b) over barg events has been studied using hadronic Z(0) decays recorded in the SLD experiment at SLAC. Three-jet final states were selected and the CCD-based vertex detector was used to identify two of the jets as b/(b) over bar. The remaining jet in each event was tagged as a gluon jet, and distributions of the gluon energy and polar angle with respect to the electron beam were examined and were compared with perturbative QCD predictions. These distributions are potentially sensitive to an anomalous b chromomagnetic moment kappa. We compare our data with theoretical predictions including such a moment and discuss limits on the value of kappa. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Akimoto, H (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 96 POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 259 EP 261 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006644 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200040 ER PT J AU Ozben, CS Brown, HN Bunce, G Carey, RM Cushman, P Danby, GT Debevec, PT Deng, H Deninger, W Dhawan, SK Druzhinin, VP Duong, L Earle, W Efstathiadis, E Farley, FJM Fedotovich, GV Giron, S Gray, F Grosse-Perdekamp, M Grossmann, A Haeberlen, U Hazen, ES Hertzog, DW Hughes, VW Iwasaki, M Jungmann, K Kawall, D Kawamura, M Khazin, BI Kindem, J Krienen, F Kronkvist, I Larsen, R Lee, YY Logashenko, I McNabb, R Meng, W Mi, J Miller, JP Morse, WM Nikas, D Onderwater, C Orlov, Y Pai, C Paley, J Polly, C Pretz, J Prigl, R Putlitz, GZ Redin, SI Rind, O Roberts, BL Ryskulov, NM Sedykh, S Semertzidis, YK Shatunov, YM Sichtermann, E Solodov, E Sossong, M Steinmetz, A Sulak, LR Timmermans, C Trofimov, A Urner, D Walter, PV Warburton, D Winn, D Yamamoto, A AF Ozben, CS Brown, HN Bunce, G Carey, RM Cushman, P Danby, GT Debevec, PT Deng, H Deninger, W Dhawan, SK Druzhinin, VP Duong, L Earle, W Efstathiadis, E Farley, FJM Fedotovich, GV Giron, S Gray, F Grosse-Perdekamp, M Grossmann, A Haeberlen, U Hazen, ES Hertzog, DW Hughes, VW Iwasaki, M Jungmann, K Kawall, D Kawamura, M Khazin, BI Kindem, J Krienen, F Kronkvist, I Larsen, R Lee, YY Logashenko, I McNabb, R Meng, W Mi, J Miller, JP Morse, WM Nikas, D Onderwater, C Orlov, Y Pai, C Paley, J Polly, C Pretz, J Prigl, R Putlitz, GZ Redin, SI Rind, O Roberts, BL Ryskulov, NM Sedykh, S Semertzidis, YK Shatunov, YM Sichtermann, E Solodov, E Sossong, M Steinmetz, A Sulak, LR Timmermans, C Trofimov, A Urner, D Walter, PV Warburton, D Winn, D Yamamoto, A TI Muon g-2 experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; POSITIVE MUON AB By the end of an excellent data taking in 1999, we collected approximate to1 billion decay positrons with energy greater than 2 GeV and 30 mus after injection. The analysis of the 1999 data set were performed in parallel by various teams in the collaboration and each team provides a different approach to the analysis. The projected errors are expected to be of order 1.3 ppm statistical and below 0.5 ppm systematic. The data obtained in the 2000 run contains,approximate to4 times more decay positrons compared to 1999. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. Univ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Max Planck Inst Med Res, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Ozben, CS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Jungmann, Klaus/A-7142-2010; jungmann, klaus/H-1581-2013; Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013; Logashenko, Ivan/A-3872-2014; Iwasaki, Masahiko/M-8433-2014; OI jungmann, klaus/0000-0003-0571-4072; Iwasaki, Masahiko/0000-0002-3460-9469; Gray, Frederick/0000-0003-4073-8336 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006711 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200047 ER PT J AU Harlander, R Kilgore, W AF Harlander, R Kilgore, W TI Higgs production in gluon fusion to O(alpha(4)(s)) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB The calculation of the NNLO QCD corrections to the partonic process gg --> H is outlined. For the coupling of the Higgs boson to the gluons we use an effective Lagrangian in the limit of a heavy top quark. The focus is on the evaluation of the virtual two-loop corrections. It is shown that the leading pole terms are in agreement with the general formula by Catani. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Harlander, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 305 EP 307 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006760 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200052 ER PT J AU Goldstein, J Hill, CS Incandela, J Parke, S Rainwater, D Stuart, D AF Goldstein, J Hill, CS Incandela, J Parke, S Rainwater, D Stuart, D TI Prospects for Observing t(t)over-bar-H at Run II: A discovery mode for the Higgs boson? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB The production of a Standard Model Higgs boson in association with a top quark pair at the upcoming high luminosity run (15 fb(-1) integrated luminosity) of the Fermilab Tevatron (roots = 2.0 TeV) is revisited. For Higgs masses below 140 GeV we demonstrate that the production cross section times branching ratio for H --> b (b) over bar decays yields a significant number of events and that this mode is competitive with and complementary to the searches using p (p) over bar --> WH, ZH associated production. For higher mass Higgs bosons the H --> W+W- decays are more difficult but have the potential to provide a few spectacular events. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Goldstein, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012; OI Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 308 EP 310 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006772 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200053 ER PT J AU Baur, U Rainwater, D AF Baur, U Rainwater, D TI Probing neutral gauge boson self-interactions in ZZ production at the Tevatron SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID S-MATRIX; DERIVATION AB We present an analysis of ZZ production at the upgraded Fermilab Tevatron for general ZZZ and ZZgamma couplings. Achievable limits on these couplings are shown to be a significant improvement over the limits currently obtained by LEP II. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Baur, U (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. OI rainwater, david/0000-0002-3668-4331 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 315 EP 317 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006796 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200055 ER PT J AU Mostafa, M AF Mostafa, M CA DO Collaboration TI Differential cross section for W boson production as a function of transverse momentum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID COLLISIONS AB We report a measurement of the differential cross section for W boson production as a function of transverse momentum in p (p) over bar collisions at roots = 1.8 TeV. The data were collected by the DO experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider during 1994-1995 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 85 pb(-1). The results are in good agreement with quantum chromodynamics aver the entire range of transverse momentum. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mostafa, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 357, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 322 EP 325 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006814 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200057 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Reina, L AF Dawson, S Reina, L TI Associated top-Higgs production at future colliders SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID BOSON; QUARKS; RADIATION; MSSM AB We discuss the relevance of the associated,production of a Higgs boson with a pair of top-antitop quarks at both the LHC and a future high energy e(+)e(-) collider. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 375 EP 378 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01006978 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200073 ER PT J AU Harris, BW Laenen, E Phaf, L Sullivan, Z Weinzierl, S AF Harris, BW Laenen, E Phaf, L Sullivan, Z Weinzierl, S TI Fully differential QCD corrections to single top quark final states SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB A new next-to-leading order Monte Carlo program for calculation of fully differential single top quark final states is described and first results presented. Both the s- and t-channel contributions are included. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NIKHEF H, Theory Grp, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Harris, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 379 EP 381 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0100698X PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200074 ER PT J AU Kasper, PA AF Kasper, PA TI Physics prospects at BTEV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB BTeV is a recently approved collider program at the Fermilab Tevatron dedicated to the study of CP violation, mixing, and rare decays in beauty and charm hadrons. The detector is a two-arm forward spectrometer sited at the C-Zero interaction region. Data taking is expected to commence in 2006. The physics goals and spectrometer are described. Details are given of simulations which determine the physics reach of the experiment. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kasper, PA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 422 EP 424 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0100711X PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200087 ER PT J AU Chou, AS AF Chou, AS TI b decay charm counting via topological vertexing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB We present a new and unique measurement of the branching fractions of b hadrons to states with 0, 1, and 2 open charm hadrons, using a sample of 350,000 Z's collected during the SLD/SLC 97-98 run. The analysis takes advantage of the excellent vertexing resolution of the VXD3, a pixel- based CCD vertex detector, which allows the separation of B and cascade D decay vertices. Analysis of the decay length distributions for each of the 1-, 2-, and 3-vertex topologies allows the extraction of the inclusive branching fractions. We measure: BR(b --> 0D) = 5.6% +/- 1.1%(stat.) +/- 2.0%(syst.), BR(b --> 2D) = 24.6% +/- 1.4%(stat.) +/- 4.0%(syst.) (preliminary), where b and D represent mixtures of open b and open c hadrons. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chou, AS (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 437 EP 439 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007157 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200091 ER PT J AU Tanaka, HA AF Tanaka, HA TI A measurement of the branching fraction of the exclusive decay B-0 -> K*(0)gamma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB The exclusive decay B-0 --> K(*0)gamma proceeds via the b --> sgamma electroweak penguin diagram. This process can be used to probe the electroweak couplings of the top quark as well as any new physics that could also mediate the process. Using (8.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(6) decays, we obtain a preliminary branching fraction measurement of the decay B-0 --> K(*0)gamma of B(B-0 --> K(*0)gamma) = (5.42 +/- 0.82 +/- 0.47) x 10(-5). C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tanaka, HA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Mail Stop 95,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 449 EP 451 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007182 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200094 ER PT J AU Kuznetsova, N AF Kuznetsova, N CA BABAR Collaboration TI Search for B+-> K+ l(+)l(-) and B-0 -> K*(0) l(+)l(-) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID DECAYS AB Using a sample of 3.7 x 10(6) Y(4S) --> B (B) over bar events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring, we search for the electroweak penguin decays B+ --> K(+)e(+)e(-), B+ --> K(+)mu(+)mu(-), B-0 --> K-*0 e(+)e(-), and B-0 --> K-*0 mu(+)mu(-). We observe no significant signals for these modes and set preliminary 90% C.L. upper limits of B(B+ --> K(+)e(+)e(-)) < 12.5 x 10(-6), B(B+ --> K(+)mu(+)mu(-)) < 8.3 x 10(-6), B(B-0 --> K(*0)e(+)e(-)) < 24.1 x 10(-6), B(B-0 --> K(*0)mu(+)mu(-)) < 24.5 x 10(-6). C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kuznetsova, N (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1A BP 458 EP 460 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007200 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514WZ UT WOS:000173465200096 ER PT J AU Page, PR AF Page, PR TI Interpretation of D(2637) from heavy quark symmetry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID RADIAL EXCITATION; MESONS; LIGHT; MODEL AB We demonstrate from heavy quark symmetry that the width of D(2637) claimed by the DELPHI Collaboration is inconsistent with any bound state with one charm quark predicted in the D(2637) mass region, except possibly the D-wave orbitally excited states D-3* and D-2jq (= delta/2) or the radially excited state D'. The former two possibilities are favoured by heavy quark mass relations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 480 EP 482 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007261 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300003 ER PT J AU Alton, A Adams, T Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McFarland, KS McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Alton, A Adams, T Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McFarland, KS McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED CA NuTeV Collaboration TI Search for light-to-heavy quark flavor changing neutral currents in nu mu N and (nu)over-bar mu N scattering SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB We report on a search for flavor-changing neutral-currents (FCNC) in the production of heavy quarks in deep inelastic v(mu)N and (v) over bar N-mu scattering by the NuTeV experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. This measurement, made possible by the high-purity NuTeV sign-selected beams, probes for FCNC in heavy flavors at the quark level and is uniquely sensitive to neutrino couplings of potential FCNC mediators. All searches are consistent with zero, and limits on the effective mixing strengths \V-uc\(2), \V-db\(2) and \V-sb\(2) are obtained. C1 Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. RP Alton, A (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 489 EP 491 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007297 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300006 ER PT J AU Romanino, A AF Romanino, A TI Tests of quark mass textures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB The classic hints on the structure of the quark mass matrices are shortly reviewed and the possibility of obtaining further information through precise texture analysis is discussed with the aid of a specific example. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Romanino, A (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, 1 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RI Romanino, Andrea/I-3480-2012 OI Romanino, Andrea/0000-0002-5915-4747 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 576 EP 578 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007522 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300029 ER PT J AU Wingate, M AF Wingate, M TI Light quark masses from quenched lattice QCD simulations with domain wall quarks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID RENORMALIZATION AB Values for the strange quark mass and average up/down mass have been obtained from quenched lattice QCD simulations using the domain wail fermion action. This discretization preserves the properties of flavor and chiral symmetry at nonzero lattice spacing. Results are shown for two values of the lattice spacing. The mass renormalization constant is computed nonperturbatively. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wingate, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Wingate, Matthew/0000-0001-6568-988X NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 585 EP 587 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007558 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300032 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Maltman, K AF Gupta, R Maltman, K TI Light quark masses: A status report at DPF 2000 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID ENERGY SUM-RULES; HADRONIC TAU-DECAYS; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; CONTINUOUS FAMILIES; ISOSPIN-BREAKING; WILSON FERMIONS; QCD; E(+)E(-); SYMMETRY AB A summary of the extraction of light quark masses from both QCD sumrules and lattice QCD simulations is presented. The focus is on providing a careful statement of the potential weaknesses in each calculation, and on integrating the work of different collaborations to provide a coherent picture. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. TRIUMF, Theory Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. York Univ, Dept Math & Stat, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 591 EP 599 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007571 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300034 ER PT J AU Quinn, B AF Quinn, B TI Measurement of the K-L ->mu(+)mu(-)gamma branching ratio and form factor from KTeV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB We report on the analysis of the rare decay K-L --> mu(+)mu(-)gamma using the 1997 data from the KTeV experiment at Fermilab. A total of 9327 candidate events are observed with 2.4% background, representing a factor of 40 increase in statistics over the current world sample. We find that BR(K-L --> mu(+)mu(-)gamma) = (3.66 +/- 0.04(stat) +/- 0.07(syst)) x 10(-7). The form factor parameter alpha(K*) is measured to be alpha(K*) = -0.157(-0.027)(+0.025). We make the first measurement of the parameter alpha from the D'Ambrosio, Isidori, and Portoles form factor, finding alpha = -1.53 +/- 0.09. This measurement of alpha limits the CKM parameter rho > -0.2. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Quinn, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 657 EP 659 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007728 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300049 ER PT J AU Zyla, P AF Zyla, P TI Search for direct CP violation in hyperon decays SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB Fermilab experiment E871, HyperCP, is designed to search for evidence of direct CP violation in Cascade and Lambda hyperon decays. The asymmetry of the angular distribution of the proton in the Lambda helicity frame between Xi(-) --> Lambda + pi(-), Lambda --> p+pi(-) and the charge-conjugate decays, will be measured. During the 1997 and 1999 fixed target runs at Fermilab HyperCP collaboration collected billions of Cascade and anti-Cascade decays that would make it possible to probe this asymmetry at the 10(-4) statistical level. The status of the data analysis is described. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zyla, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 684 EP 686 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007790 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300056 ER PT J AU Semertzidis, YK Brown, H Danby, GT Jackson, JW Larsen, R Lazarus, DM Meng, W Morse, WM Ozben, CS Prigl, R Carey, RM Miller, JP Rind, O Roberts, BL Sulak, LR Balakin, V Bazhan, A Dudnikov, A Khazin, BI Sylvestrov, G Orlov, Y Jungmann, K Debevec, PT Hertzog, DW Onderwater, CJG Stephenson, EJ Cushman, P Kronkvist, I Farley, FJM AF Semertzidis, YK Brown, H Danby, GT Jackson, JW Larsen, R Lazarus, DM Meng, W Morse, WM Ozben, CS Prigl, R Carey, RM Miller, JP Rind, O Roberts, BL Sulak, LR Balakin, V Bazhan, A Dudnikov, A Khazin, BI Sylvestrov, G Orlov, Y Jungmann, K Debevec, PT Hertzog, DW Onderwater, CJG Stephenson, EJ Cushman, P Kronkvist, I Farley, FJM TI A sensitive search for a muon electric dipole moment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; POSITIVE MUON AB We are proposing a new method to carry out a dedicated search for a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the muon with a sensitivity at a level of 10(-24) e . cm in both statistics and systematics. This will make the sensitivity of the EDM experiment to non-standard physics better than the sensitivity of the present muon g-2 experiment, assuming the CP violating phase of the probed physics is of order one. The experimental design exploits the strong motional electric field sensed by relativistic particles in a magnetic storage ring.(1,2) As a key feature, a novel technique has been invented in which the g-2 precession is compensated with a radial electric field. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Semertzidis, YK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Jungmann, Klaus/A-7142-2010; jungmann, klaus/H-1581-2013; Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013 OI jungmann, klaus/0000-0003-0571-4072; NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 690 EP 693 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007819 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300058 ER PT J AU Albright, CH AF Albright, CH TI Theories of neutrino masses and mixings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID GRAND UNIFIED MODEL; OSCILLATIONS; SYMMETRY; HIGGS AB An overview of neutrino models is presented with special emphasis on models with right-handed neutrinos which involve unifications of flavors and/or families. Some comments are made about the ease with which the various solar neutrino mixing scenarios can be obtained. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Albright, CH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Albright, Carl/0000-0002-2252-6359 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 697 EP 700 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007820 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300059 ER PT J AU Sanchez, M AF Sanchez, M CA Soudan-2 Collaboration TI New results on atmospheric neutrinos from Soudan 2 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID TRACKING CALORIMETER MODULES; DETECTOR AB We present atmospheric neutrino data from a 5.1 fiducial kty exposure of the Soudan-2 iron tracking calorimeter. A determination of the oscillation parameters using the Feldman-Cousins method is reported. C1 Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Sanchez, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 727 EP 729 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01007911 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300068 ER PT J AU Hawker, EA AF Hawker, EA TI The status of MiniBooNE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB MiniBooNE is a neutrino oscillation experiment that will provide an important check of the evidence for nu(mu) --> nu(e) oscillations reported by the LSND experiment. The current status of the design and construction efforts for MiniBooNE will be reported. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hawker, EA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-25, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 755 EP 757 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0100800X PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300077 ER PT J AU Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McFarland, KS McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McFarland, KS McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED CA NuTeV Collaboration TI Observation of anomalous dimuon events in the nutev decay detector SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID NEUTRAL HEAVY-LEPTONS; CALIBRATION; CALORIMETER; SEARCH AB A search for the decay of long-lived neutral particles has been performed using an instrumented decay channel at the E815 (NuTeV) experiment at Fermilab. The data were examined for particles decaying into the muonic final states mumu, mue, and mupi. Three mumu events were observed over an expected background of 0.040 +/- 0.009 events; no events were observed in the other modes. No Standard Model process appears to be consistent with this observation. C1 Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. RP Adams, T (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Bernstein, Robert/0000-0002-7610-950X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 761 EP 763 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01008023 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300079 ER PT J AU Alton, A Adams, T Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McFarland, KS McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Alton, A Adams, T Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, J Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McFarland, KS McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED CA NuTeV Collaboration TI Observation of neutral current charm production in in nu Fe-mu scattering at the tevatron SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; INTRINSIC CHARM; PROTON; QUARKS; MASS AB We report on the first observation of open charm production in neutral current deep inelastic neutrino scattering as seen in the NuTeV detector at Fermilab. The production rate is shown to be consistent with a pure gluon-Z(0) boson production model, and the observed level of charm production is used to determine the effective charm mass. C1 Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. RP Alton, A (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 764 EP 766 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01008035 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300080 ER PT J AU Boehnlein, A AF Boehnlein, A CA DO Collaboration TI Search for large extra dimensions using the DO detector SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB We have searched for the effects of Kaluza-Klein gravitons predicted in theories of large spatial extra dimensions (LED). Analyzing angular and invariant mass distributions of photon and electron pairs in 127 pb(-1) of data, we find complete agreement with expectations from the Standard Model. There were no anomalous events found that are characteristic of virtual graviton exchange. We set lower limits on the compactification scale of large extra dimensions between 1.0 and 1.4 TeV for the number of extra dimensions between 2 and 7. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Boehnlein, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 860 EP 862 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0100831X PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300108 ER PT J AU Green, JA Bertram, I Hauptman, J AF Green, JA Bertram, I Hauptman, J TI Limits on quark compositeness from high energy jets in (p)over-barp collisions at 1.8 TeV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID DIJET ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; MASS-SPECTRUM; SEARCH; PARTICLES; DETECTOR; PHYSICS AB Events in (p) over barp collisions at 1.8 TeV with total transverse energy exceeding 500 GeV are used to set limits on quark substructure. The data are consistent with next-to-leading order QCD calculations. We set a lower limit of 2.0 TeV at 95% confidence on the energy scale ALL for compositeness in quarks, assuming a model with a left-left isoscalar contact interaction term. The limits on ALL are found to be insensitive to the sign of the interference term in the Lagrangian. C1 Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Green, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1B BP 863 EP 865 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XA UT WOS:000173465300109 ER PT J AU Lukas, A Ramond, P Romanino, A Ross, GG AF Lukas, A Ramond, P Romanino, A Ross, GG TI Brane-bulk neutrino oscillations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; MASSES AB A plausible explanation for the existence of additional light sterile neutrinos is that they correspond to modulini, fermionic partners of moduli, which propagate in new large dimensions. We discuss the phenomenological implications of such states and show that solar neutrino oscillation is well described by small angle MSW oscillation to the tower of Kaluza Klein states associated with the modulini. We also consider how all oscillation phenomena can be explained in a model including bulk neutrino states. C1 Univ Sussex, Ctr Theoret Phys, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RP Lukas, A (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Ctr Theoret Phys, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. RI Romanino, Andrea/I-3480-2012; OI Romanino, Andrea/0000-0002-5915-4747; Lukas, Andre/0000-0003-4969-0447 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 934 EP 936 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01008539 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600014 ER PT J AU Cowen, DF Andres, E Askebjer, P Bai, X Barouch, G Barwick, SW Bay, RC Becker, KH Bergstrom, L Bertrand, D Bierenbaum, D Biron, A Booth, J Botner, O Bouchta, A Boyce, MM Carius, S Chen, A Chirkin, D Conrad, J Cooley, J Costa, CGS Cowen, DF Dailing, J Dalberg, E DeYoung, T Desiati, P Dewulf, JP Doksus, P Edsjo, J Ekstrom, P Erlandsson, B Feser, T Gaug, M Goldschmidt, A Goobar, A Gray, L Haase, H Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, R He, YD Hellwig, M Heukenkamp, H Hill, GC Hulth, PO Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Kandhadal, V Karle, A Kim, J Koci, B Kopke, L Kowalski, M Leich, H Leuthold, M Lindahl, P Liubarsky, I Loaiza, P Lowder, DM Ludvig, J Madsen, J Marciniewski, P Matis, HS Mihalyi, A Mikolajski, T Miller, TC Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Mock, PC Morse, R Neunhoffer, T Newcomer, FM Niessen, P Nygren, DR Ogelman, H de los Heros, CP Porrata, R Price, PB Rawlins, K Reed, C Rhode, W Richards, A Richter, S Martino, JR Romenesko, P Ross, D Rubinstein, H Sander, HG Scheider, T Schmidt, T Schneider, D Schneider, E Schwarz, R Silvestri, A Solarz, M Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Starinsky, N Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Streicher, O Sun, Q Taboada, I Thollander, L Thon, T Tilav, S Usechak, N Donckt, MV Walck, C Weinheimer, C Wiebusch, CH Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Wu, W Yodh, G Young, S AF Cowen, DF Andres, E Askebjer, P Bai, X Barouch, G Barwick, SW Bay, RC Becker, KH Bergstrom, L Bertrand, D Bierenbaum, D Biron, A Booth, J Botner, O Bouchta, A Boyce, MM Carius, S Chen, A Chirkin, D Conrad, J Cooley, J Costa, CGS Cowen, DF Dailing, J Dalberg, E DeYoung, T Desiati, P Dewulf, JP Doksus, P Edsjo, J Ekstrom, P Erlandsson, B Feser, T Gaug, M Goldschmidt, A Goobar, A Gray, L Haase, H Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, R He, YD Hellwig, M Heukenkamp, H Hill, GC Hulth, PO Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Kandhadal, V Karle, A Kim, J Koci, B Kopke, L Kowalski, M Leich, H Leuthold, M Lindahl, P Liubarsky, I Loaiza, P Lowder, DM Ludvig, J Madsen, J Marciniewski, P Matis, HS Mihalyi, A Mikolajski, T Miller, TC Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Mock, PC Morse, R Neunhoffer, T Newcomer, FM Niessen, P Nygren, DR Ogelman, H de los Heros, CP Porrata, R Price, PB Rawlins, K Reed, C Rhode, W Richards, A Richter, S Martino, JR Romenesko, P Ross, D Rubinstein, H Sander, HG Scheider, T Schmidt, T Schneider, D Schneider, E Schwarz, R Silvestri, A Solarz, M Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Starinsky, N Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Streicher, O Sun, Q Taboada, I Thollander, L Thon, T Tilav, S Usechak, N Donckt, MV Walck, C Weinheimer, C Wiebusch, CH Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Wu, W Yodh, G Young, S CA AMANDA Collaboration TI Recent results from AMANDA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB We present results based on data taken in 1997 with the 302-PMT Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array BID ("AMANDA-B10") array. Atmospheric neutrinos created in the northern hemisphere axe observed indirectly through their charged current interactions which produce relativistic, Cherenkov-light-emitting upgoing muons in the South Pole ice cap. The reconstructed angular distribution of these events is in good agreement with expectation and demonstrates the viability of this ice-based device as a neutrino telescope. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys 8, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Free Univ Brussels, Fac Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. Kalmar Univ, Dept Technol, S-39129 Kalmar, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Uppsala, Dept Radiat Sci, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Stockholm, Fysikum, S-11385 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Cowen, DF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Hundertmark, Stephan/A-6592-2010; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; GAug, Markus/L-2340-2014; OI Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; GAug, Markus/0000-0001-8442-7877; Perez de los Heros, Carlos/0000-0002-2084-5866 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1013 EP 1015 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01008746 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600035 ER PT J AU Kesisoglou, S AF Kesisoglou, S CA DO COLLABORATION TI Production and testing of the DO silicon microstrip tracker SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB We present the overview of the production and testing of the DO Silicon Microstrip Tracker. Final assembly and anticipated performance of the detector are also discussed in this context. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kesisoglou, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1087 EP 1090 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01008977 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600058 ER PT J AU Nelson, TK AF Nelson, TK TI The CDF Layer 00 detector SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB The CDF Layer 00 detector consists of single-sided silicon sensors assembled on the beampipe, forming the innermost of eight silicon layers in the CDF detector for Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron. Radiation tolerant p-in-n silicon with 25(50) Am Implant (readout) pitch are mounted on a lightweight, cooled support structure and connect to electronics outside the tracking volume via long, fine-pitch cables. Layer 00 will significantly improve the impact parameter resolution and enhance the longevity of the silicon system, benefitting a large portion of the physics program for Run II. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nelson, TK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1091 EP 1093 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01008989 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600059 ER PT J AU Volobouev, I AF Volobouev, I TI Testing front-end electronics for the CDF silicon tracker upgrade SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID READOUT AB The upgraded silicon tracker for the Collider Detector at Fermilab has 722,432 strips. These strips are instrumented with SVX3D ASICs fabricated in the Honeywell 0.8 mum radiation hard CMOS process. We describe test setup and procedures used to screen production chips and to ensure reliability of the silicon system front-end electronics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Volobouev, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1094 EP 1096 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01008990 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600060 ER PT J AU Fernandez, JP AF Fernandez, JP TI Measurements of a SVXII prototype ladder using cosmic and source data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB Results on tests conducted on real SVXII ladders using cosmic rays and beta source data are presented. These results include charge collection and signal to noise ratio. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, CDF, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fernandez, JP (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, CDF, MS 318, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1097 EP 1099 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009004 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600061 ER PT J AU Grozis, C Kephart, R Stanek, R Kim, B Kim, DH Kim, SB Oh, Y Yu, I Kim, YK Carithers, W Anikeev, K Bauer, G Furic, IK Kravchenko, I Mulhearn, M Paus, CH Sumorok, K Cabrera, S Fernandez, J Piedra, J Rodrigo, T Ruiz, A Vila, I Chen, C Jones, M Kononenko, W Kroll, J Mayers, GM Newcomer, FM Usynin, D Vanberg, R Bellettini, G Cerri, C Menzione, A Depedis, D Dionisi, C Giagu, S Rescigno, M Zanello, L Kazama, A Kim, SH Matsunaga, H Motohashi, S Sato, K Takikawa, K Ukegawa, F AF Grozis, C Kephart, R Stanek, R Kim, B Kim, DH Kim, SB Oh, Y Yu, I Kim, YK Carithers, W Anikeev, K Bauer, G Furic, IK Kravchenko, I Mulhearn, M Paus, CH Sumorok, K Cabrera, S Fernandez, J Piedra, J Rodrigo, T Ruiz, A Vila, I Chen, C Jones, M Kononenko, W Kroll, J Mayers, GM Newcomer, FM Usynin, D Vanberg, R Bellettini, G Cerri, C Menzione, A Depedis, D Dionisi, C Giagu, S Rescigno, M Zanello, L Kazama, A Kim, SH Matsunaga, H Motohashi, S Sato, K Takikawa, K Ukegawa, F TI A time-of-flight detector for CDF SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB A Time-of-Flight detector (TOF), with a technique based on plastic scintillators and fine-mesh photomultipliers, has been added to the CDF-II experiment. The main physics motivation is to improve neutral B meson flavor determination by K+/- identification. The expected time resolution is 100 ps, which provides at least two standard deviations separation between K+/- and pi(+/-) L for momenta p < 1.6 GeV/c and better than 1.2 standard deviations separation over all momenta when combining TOF identification with dE/dx identification using the new drift chamber. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Fis, Cantabria, Spain. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Rome La Sapienza 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Grozis, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011 OI Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1119 EP 1121 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009077 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600068 ER PT J AU Bhat, PC AF Bhat, PC TI New directions in data analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID TEVATRON AB In the next decade, high energy physicists will use very sophisticated equipment to record unprecedented amounts of data in the hope of making major advances in our understanding of particle phenomena. Some of the signals of new physics will be small, and the use of advanced analysis techniques will be crucial for optimizing signal to noise ratio. I will discuss new directions in data analysis and some novel methods that could prove to be particularly valuable for finding evidence of any new physics, for improving precision measurements and for exploring parameter spaces of theoretical models. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bhat, PC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1122 EP 1125 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009089 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600069 ER PT J AU Nikas, D Castillo, V Kowalski, L Larsen, R Lazarus, DM Ozben, C Semertzidis, YK Tsang, T Srinivasan-Rao, T AF Nikas, D Castillo, V Kowalski, L Larsen, R Lazarus, DM Ozben, C Semertzidis, YK Tsang, T Srinivasan-Rao, T TI Electro-optical measurements of ultrashort 45 MeV electron beam bunch SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB We have made an observation of 45 MeV electron beam bunches using the nondestructive electro-optical (EO) technique. The amplitude of the EO modulation was found to increase linearly with electron beam charge and decrease inversely with the optical beam path distance from the electron beam. The risetime of the signal was bandwidth limited by our detection system to similar to 70 ps. An EO signal due to ionization caused by the electrons traversing the EO crystal was also observed. The EO technique may be ideal for the measurement of bunch structure with femtosecond resolution of relativistic charged particle beam bunches. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. RP Nikas, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1150 EP 1152 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009168 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600077 ER PT J AU Lebrun, P AF Lebrun, P CA BTeV collaboration TI The BTeV triggers and data acquisition systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB A coherent and complete suite of triggers and data compression stages for the BTeV experiment has been designed and prototyped. Level 1 considers all crossings, finds primary vertices, and searches for detached tracks from these primary vertices using only the pixel vertex detector. Muons with a relatively high transverse momentum will also be identified at that stage. Level I runs on dedicated processors. Level 2 selects events based on the pixel and the forward tracking systems, and will run on a conventional processor farm. Level 3 will use the complete BTeV detector information to reduce the background by a factor of factor 2 to 5 and to reduce significantly the event size. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lebrun, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1153 EP 1155 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0100917X PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600078 ER PT J AU Bhat, CM AF Bhat, CM TI The Main Injector facility: A new tool for high energy physics at Fermilab SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB The Main Injector(MI) and the Recycler Ring (RR) axe newly built synchrotrons in the Fermilab Accelerator complex. Many new features have been incorporated in their design and are tested. MI has already served as a 150 GeV proton injector to the Tevatron during the final stages of 1998-1999 800 GeV fixed target HEP experiments. Presently, MI is in use for collider Run-II commissioning. The MI and the RR will play major roles in the future HEP programs at Fermilab. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Beams Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bhat, CM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Beams Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1187 EP 1189 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009272 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600088 ER PT J AU Raubenheimer, TO AF Raubenheimer, TO TI Progress with the JLC/NLC X-band linear collider design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB An electron/positron linear collider with a center-of-mass energy between 0.5 and 1 TeV would be an important complement to the physics program of the LHC in the next decade. The Next Linear Collider (NLC) is being designed by a US collaboration (FNAL, LBNL, LLNL, and SLAC) which is working closely with the Japanese collaboration that is designing the Japanese Linear Collider (JLC). This paper will discuss the technical difficulties encountered as well as the changes that have been made to the NLC design over the last year, These changes include improvements to the X-band rf system as well as modifications to the beam delivery system. The net effect has been to reduce the length of the collider from about 32 km to 25 km and to reduce the number of klystrons and modulators by a factor of two. Together these lead to significant cost savings. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Raubenheimer, TO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1193 EP 1196 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009296 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600090 ER PT J AU Ambrosio, G AF Ambrosio, G TI Magnet R&D for a future VLHC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB Superconducting magnets are the underlying technology for all existing and future hadron colliders. A vigorous national R&D effort has been launched to improve magnet performance and reduce costs. Various designs are being considered including a low-field superferric magnet that could be the first step in a staged construction of a Very Large Hadron Collider. High-field magnets are being developed based on cosine-theta, block, and common-coil arrangements using both wind-and-react and react-and-wind fabrication techniques. A review of the different magnet R&D programs and the status of each is presented. An important part of the national effort is an R&D program to improve the performance and lower the cost of Nb3Sn superconducting wire. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ambrosio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, POB 500,M-S 316, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1197 EP 1200 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009302 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600091 ER PT J AU Page, PR AF Page, PR TI (Field) symmetrization selection rules SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB QCD and QED exhibit an infinite set of three-point Green's functions that contain only OZI rule violating contributions, and (for QCD) are subleading in the large N-c expansion. We prove that the QCD amplitude for a neutral hybrid 1(-+) exotic current to create etapi(0) only comes from OZI rule violating contributions under certain conditions, and is subleading in N-c. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1216 EP 1218 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009351 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600096 ER PT J AU Hecht, MB Roberts, CD Schmidt, SM AF Hecht, MB Roberts, CD Schmidt, SM TI Dyson-Schwinger equations - Aspects of the pion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV DE Dyson-Schwinger equations; goldstone bosons; heavy-quarks; valence-quark distribution functions. ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NJL MODEL; MESON; QCD AB The contemporary use of Dyson-Schwinger equations in hadronic physics is exemplified via applications to the calculation of pseudoscalar meson masses, and inclusive deep inelastic scattering with a determination of the pion's valence-quark distribution function. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hecht, MB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1241 EP 1244 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009429 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600103 ER PT J AU Rischke, DH AF Rischke, DH TI Properties of gluons in color superconductors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID DENSITY QUARK MATTER; SUPERFLUIDITY AB I argue that a reliable computation of the color-superconducting gap parameter in cold, dense quark matter requires knowledge of the gluon self-energy in a color superconductor. As a first step to determine the gluon self-energy, I report calculations of the Debye and Meissner masses in two- and three-flavor color superconductors. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rischke, DH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1268 EP 1270 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009491 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600110 ER PT J AU Haggerty, JS AF Haggerty, JS CA PHENIX Collaboration TI The PHENIX experiment at RHIC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American-Physical-Society (APS) CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB The PHENIX experiment is one of two large detectors at Brookhaven's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ne detector that was operated in the first RHIC run in the summer of 2000 is described. Several million Au-Au collisions were recorded during the first run. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Haggerty, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 SU 1C BP 1294 EP 1296 DI 10.1142/S0217751X01009570 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 514XD UT WOS:000173465600118 ER PT J AU Paunesku, T Mittal, S Protic, M Oryhon, J Korolev, SV Joachimiak, A Woloschak, GE AF Paunesku, T Mittal, S Protic, M Oryhon, J Korolev, SV Joachimiak, A Woloschak, GE TI Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA): ringmaster of the genome SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; DNA-POLYMERASE-DELTA; DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR; PURIFIED HUMAN PROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; REPLICATION-FACTOR-C; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; GENE ENCODING PCNA; MISMATCH REPAIR; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION AB Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein is one of the central molecules responsible for decisions of life and death of the cell. The PCNA gene is induced by p53, while PCNA protein interacts with p53-controlled proteins Gadd45, MyD118, CR6 and, most importantly, p21, in the process of deciding cell fate. If PCNA protein is present in abundance in the cell in the absence of p53, DNA replication occurs. On the other hand, if PCNA protein levels are high in the cell in the presence of p53, DNA repair takes place. If PCNA is rendered non-functional or is absent or present in low quantities in the cell, apoptosis occurs. The evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes involved a change of function of PCNA from a 'simple' sliding clamp protein of the DNA polymerase complex to an executive molecule controlling critical cellular decision pathways. The evolution of multicellular organisms led to the development of multicellular processes such as differentiation, senescence and apoptosis. PCNA, already an essential molecule in the life of single cellular organisms, then became a protein critical for the survival of multicellular organisms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Woloschak, GE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017 OI Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA73042, CA81375] NR 130 TC 201 Z9 223 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1007 EP 1021 DI 10.1080/09553000110069335 PG 15 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 484LM UT WOS:000171691800002 PM 11682006 ER PT J AU Schraad, MW AF Schraad, MW TI On the macroscopic properties of discrete media with nearly periodic microstructures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE macroscopic properties; periodic microstructure; perturbations ID COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; FAILURE; BOUNDS AB With recent improvements in fabrication processes, many structural components and solid materials are being designed at microstructural scales to provide specific macroscopic response characteristics. Optimal macroscopic properties and decreased susceptibilities to failure may be achieved by designing media with strictly periodic microstructures. Averaging and homogenization techniques, used to estimate the macroscopic properties of structured media, also are formulated on the basis of assumed microstructural periodicity. Few structures or materials, however, possess perfectly periodic microstructures. In the present work, the influence of perturbations in microstructural periodicity on the macroscopic response of structured media is investigated and quantified by examining the behavior of discrete media with both periodic and nearly periodic micro structures. The idealized macroscopic response of media with perfectly periodic microstructures is compared to the response obtained after perturbations in geometry and material properties are introduced into the models at the microstructural scale. Analysis shows that, for specific, well-defined classes of discrete media, the macroscopic properties are influenced only to second order in the perturbation amplitude parameter. In certain circumstances, however, the effects of these perturbations can become substantially more pronounced demonstrating the limits of applicability of analysis techniques that assume that an underlying periodic microstructure exists for the discrete media under consideration. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schraad, MW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T3, Mail Stop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 38 IS 42-43 BP 7381 EP 7407 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(01)00070-1 PG 27 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 476EQ UT WOS:000171213600002 ER PT J AU Marchesini, S Faigel, G Tegze, M Ulrich, O AF Marchesini, S Faigel, G Tegze, M Ulrich, O TI Atomic imaging using fluorescence holography SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA French DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Colloquium on Coherent and Incoherent UV, VUV and X-Ray Sources - Applications and Recent Developments CY MAY 16-19, 2000 CL PORQUEROLLES, FRANCE ID X-RAY HOLOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, Budapest, Hungary. CEA Grenoble, Serv Phys Mat Microstructures, Grenoble, France. RP Marchesini, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS PR7 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1051/jp4:2001750 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 494VP UT WOS:000172306800051 ER PT J AU Zhao, JK AF Zhao, JK TI Concepts in spin echo small-angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT AB Two-dimensional spin echo small-angle neutron scattering experiments that measure the vector-length distribution function, or pair-distance distribution function, in real space are discussed. The proposed diffractometer uses two cylindrically symmetric magnetic fields with conically shaped front and end faces to enable experiments in two dimensions. It also features a pi /2 neutron spin flipper to make the effective analyzing direction of the analyzer perpendicular to the polarizing direction of the polarizer. The theoretical aspect of one-dimensional spin echo small-angle neutron scattering experiments is also explored. The relationship between the correlation function from one-dimensional experiments and the vector-length distribution function is established, and interpretation of this correlation function in real space is presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Zhao, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Zhao, Jinkui/B-7872-2013 OI Zhao, Jinkui/0000-0002-7756-1952 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 BP 639 EP 645 DI 10.1107/S0021889801009633 PN 5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 476AL UT WOS:000171203700013 ER PT J AU Zhong, Z Kao, CC Siddons, DP Hastings, JB AF Zhong, Z Kao, CC Siddons, DP Hastings, JB TI Sagittal focusing of high-energy synchrotron X-rays with asymmetric Laue crystals. II. Experimental studies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BENT PERFECT CRYSTALS; MONOCHROMATORS; RADIATION; REFLECTIVITY; OPTICS AB The use of bent asymmetric Laue crystals to focus synchrotron X-rays sagittally from 15 to 50 keV is described. A four-bar bender, bending a rectangular planar crystal, produced the necessary sagittal and meridional bending for this unique application. Adjustments of the tilt angle and height of the bent crystal resulted in first- and second-order corrections, respectively, to the dependence of the angle of diffraction on the horizontal position on the crystal. After these corrections, the remaining variation of the diffraction angle was of the order of 10 mu rad. The theoretical sagittal focal length was verified. A prototype of a double-crystal sagittally focusing monochromator was constructed and tested, using two identical Laue crystals. A horizontal divergence of 3 mrad was focused to a horizontal dimension of about 0.4 mm. The X-ray flux density at the focus was a few hundred times larger than that of unfocused X-rays. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhong, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 16 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 BP 646 EP 653 DI 10.1107/S0021889801010627 PN 5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 476AL UT WOS:000171203700014 ER PT J AU Radway, JC Wilde, EW Whitaker, MJ Weissman, JC AF Radway, JC Wilde, EW Whitaker, MJ Weissman, JC TI Screening of algal strains for metal removal capabilities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum; bioremoval; blue-green alga; Cyanidium; green algae; heavy metals; Mastigocladus; mercury; Scenedesmus; thermophiles; water pollution; zinc ID BIOSORPTION; TEMPERATURE; MICROALGAE; ALGINATE; PH AB Eight algal species were tested for their ability to remove five toxic metals during 30-min exposures to single-metal (1 mg L-1) solutions at pH 7. Efficacy of metal bioremoval varied according to algal species and metal. Al+3 was best removed by the thermophilic blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Mastigocladus laminosus, Hg+2 and Zn+2 by the thermophilic and acidophilic red alga Cyanidium caldarium, and Cd+2 by C. caldarium and the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda. All of these alga/metal combinations resulted in > 90% metal removal. However, none of the eight algal species removed more than 10% of Cr+6. Results indicate that some toxic metals are more readily removed than others are by algae and that selection of appropriate strains could potentially enhance bioremoval of specific metals from wastewater at neutral pH. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Microbial Prod Inc, Vero Beach, FL 32968 USA. RP Wilde, EW (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8971 J9 J APPL PHYCOL JI J. Appl. Phycol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 13 IS 5 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1023/A:1011111711821 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 477NY UT WOS:000171292100008 ER PT J AU Kammler, DR Mason, TO Young, DL Coutts, TJ AF Kammler, DR Mason, TO Young, DL Coutts, TJ TI Thin films of the spinel Cd1+xIn2-2xSnxO4 transparent conducting oxide solution SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; CADMIUM STANNATE; CD2SNO4; CDO AB Thin films of a transparent conducting oxide solid solution Cd1+xIn2-2xSnxO4 (x=0.15, 0.45, and 0.70) were deposited via rf magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction indicated the films consisted of a polycrystalline spinel phase. Atomic force microscopy measurements revealed a surface root mean square roughness between 1.3 and 6.0 nm. Optical absorption was 10% or less in the visible for x=0.15, 0.45, and 0.70. Optical gaps averaged near 3.5, 3.70, and 3.65 eV for films annealed in Ar/CdS of compositions corresponding to x=0.15, 0.45, and 0.70. Conductivity exceeded 2000 S/cm for x=0.15 and 4000 S/cm for x=0.45 and 0.70. Mobilities of 43, 50, and 56 cm(2)/V s were measured for films annealed in Ar/CdS of compositions corresponding to x=0.15, 0.45, and 0.70, respectively. Composition data obtained via electron probe microanalysis indicate the films are becoming Cd deficient during the annealing process. This suggests an excess of In+3 and/or Sn+4 on Cd+2 sites may play a role in carrier production in these films. The Cd volatilization may also inhibit crystallization and decrease mobility. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mason, TO (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 7 BP 3263 EP 3268 DI 10.1063/1.1399027 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YY UT WOS:000171135900018 ER PT J AU Abe, H Yamamoto, S Miyashita, A Sickafus, KE AF Abe, H Yamamoto, S Miyashita, A Sickafus, KE TI Formation mechanisms for carbon onions and nanocapsules in C+-ion implanted copper SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; DIAMOND FORMATION; SELF-COMPRESSION; GRAPHITE AB Copper substrates were implanted with carbon ions at temperature ranging from 570 to 973 K. Implantation microstructures were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy. Carbon onions and nanocapsules were observed together with amorphous carbon layers. Most of the nanocapsules were found to be hollow and rarely included copper nanoparticles. The encapsulating of Cu nanoparticles with graphene layers, the gradual shrinkage of the encapsulated clusters, and finally the disappearance of the clusters (leaving behind hollow nanocapsules) were observed under electron irradiation at 783 K. Statistics of cluster size as a function of ion fluence, implantation temperature, and substrate crystallinity gave insights into the nucleation processes of onions and nanocapsules. One process involves the formation of graphene layers on grain boundaries to encapsulate copper particles. The other process is the nucleation of graphene cages, probably fullerenes, due to high concentration of carbon atoms and high amount of radiation damage. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Dev, Gunma 3701292, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Abe, H (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Dev, Gunma 3701292, Japan. RI abe, hiroaki/C-1906-2009 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 7 BP 3353 EP 3358 DI 10.1063/1.1402143 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YY UT WOS:000171135900033 ER PT J AU Kaplar, RJ Arehart, AR Ringel, SA Allerman, AA Sieg, RM Kurtz, SR AF Kaplar, RJ Arehart, AR Ringel, SA Allerman, AA Sieg, RM Kurtz, SR TI Deep levels and their impact on generation current in Sn-doped InGaAsN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; GAINNAS; GAAS; DIODES AB We have investigated deep levels in 1.05 eV, Sn-doped, n-type In0.075Ga0.925As0.975N0.025 lattice-matched to GaAs. The samples were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Capacitance-voltage measurements were used to determine the electron concentration in both as-grown and postgrowth annealed samples, and a decrease in net electron concentration of about 1.5x10(17) cm(-3) was observed following annealing. Deep level transient spectroscopy measurements are consistent with the presence of four majority-carrier electron traps, E1 (a broad distribution extending from the conduction band edge to approximately E-C-0.2 eV), E2(0.36 eV), E3(0.34 eV), and E4(0.82 eV), as well as one minority-carrier hole trap, H1(0.71 eV), in our material. It is shown that E2 and H1, both of which are present in the annealed material only, are likely the same defect observed under conditions of electron and hole emission, respectively. Current-voltage-temperature measurements indicate a thermal activation energy of 0.35 eV for reverse bias current transport, which is in close agreement with the activation energy of E2. It is thus demonstrated that the E2/H1 defect is a recombination-generation center which contributes to current transport in our InGaAsN-based test diode. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kaplar, RJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 12 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 7 BP 3405 EP 3408 DI 10.1063/1.1396832 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YY UT WOS:000171135900042 ER PT J AU Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM Araujo, D Garcia, R AF Walters, RJ Messenger, SR Summers, GP Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM Araujo, D Garcia, R TI Radiation response of n-type base InP solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION; RESISTANCE; ELECTRON AB The effects of particle irradiation on the electrical properties of high efficiency p/n InP solar cells have been studied using a variety of techniques including current-voltage and spectral quantum efficiency measurements (QE), electron beam induced currents (EBIC), and deep level transient spectroscopy. A detailed analysis of the radiation response of the solar cell photovoltaic response is presented, and the primary damage mechanisms are identified. Data measured after irradiation by protons of various energies are correlated in terms of displacement damage dose to produce a characteristic degradation curve for the p/n InP technology. This characteristic curve is compared to that of the n/p InP technology to provide an assessment of the relative radiation hardness of the p/n devices. Radiation-induced decreases in the minority carrier diffusion length in both the p-type emitter and n-type base at low damage levels have been extracted from the QE and EBIC measurements, and damage coefficients have been determined. At high damage levels, EBIC profiles suggest that the primary device degradation mechanism is an increase in bulk resistivity due to electron trapping in the base. However, capacitance-voltage measurements did not indicate any change in the junction capacitance. A model to account for these effects based on radiation-induced defect kinetics is presented. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Cadiz, Dept Ciencia Mat & IM & QI, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21225 USA. RP Walters, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6825,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Garcia Roja, Rafael/0000-0003-2867-7016 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 90 IS 7 BP 3558 EP 3565 DI 10.1063/1.1398592 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 474YY UT WOS:000171135900068 ER PT J AU Borremans, B Hobman, JL Provoost, A Brown, NL Van der Lelie, D AF Borremans, B Hobman, JL Provoost, A Brown, NL Van der Lelie, D TI Cloning and functional analysis of the pbr lead resistance determinant of Ralstonia metallidurans CH34 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS CH34; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGNAL PEPTIDASE; HEAVY-METALS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CADMIUM-RESISTANCE; IRON UPTAKE; ZNTA GENE AB The lead resistance operon, pbr, of Ralstonia metallidurans (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus) strain CH34 is unique, as it combines functions involved in uptake, efflux, and accumulation of Pb(II). The pbr lead resistance locus contains the following structural resistance genes: (i) pbrT, which encodes a Pb(ll) uptake protein; (ii) pbrA, which encodes a P-type Pb(ll) efflux ATPase; (iii) pbrB, which encodes a predicted integral membrane protein of unknown function; and (iv) pbrC, which encodes a predicted prolipoprotein signal peptidase. Downstream of pbrC, the pbrD gene, encoding a Pb(II)-binding protein, was identified in a region of DNA, which was essential for functional lead sequestration. Pb(II)-dependent inducible transcription of pbrABCD from the PpbrA promoter is regulated by PbrR, which belongs to the MerR family of metal ion-sensing regulatory proteins. This is the first report of a mechanism for specific lead resistance in any bacterial genus. C1 Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Environm Technol Ctr, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Van der Lelie, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vdielied@bnl.gov.com OI Hobman, Jon/0000-0003-0998-9444 NR 37 TC 118 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 183 IS 19 BP 5651 EP 5658 DI 10.1128/JB.183.19.5651-5658.2001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 471ZQ UT WOS:000170958900023 PM 11544228 ER PT J AU Renner, MW Fajer, J AF Renner, MW Fajer, J TI Oxidative chemistry of nickel porphyrins SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Ni(III) porphyrins; Ni(II) porphyrin pi cation radicals; Ni(I), (II) and (III) orbital occupancies; Structural considerations; Structural predictions; Factor 430 ID ONE-ELECTRON OXIDATION; COENZYME-M-REDUCTASE; PI-CATION RADICALS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METHANOBACTERIUM-THERMOAUTOTROPHICUM; CONFORMATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; BETA-OXOPORPHYRINS AB The oxidative chemistry of nickel(II) porphyrins is reviewed. Whether electron abstraction occurs from the metal to yield Ni(Ill) or from the porphyrin to yield Ni(II)pi cation radicals is discussed in terms of the relative energy levels of the metal and porphyrin orbitals. The effects of axial ligands in further modulating this ordering as well as the orbital occupancy of Ni(III) are also reviewed. Structural considerations, based on existing stereochemical data for Ni(I), high spin Ni(II) and related Ni(III) tetraaza complexes, are used to predict the metrics of Ni(III) porphyrins for which no structural data are available. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11974 USA. RP Fajer, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11974 USA. NR 78 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 6 IS 8 BP 823 EP 830 DI 10.1007/s007750100276 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 496TR UT WOS:000172413300009 PM 11713690 ER PT J AU Swadener, JG Rho, JY Pharr, GM AF Swadener, JG Rho, JY Pharr, GM TI Effects of anisotropy on elastic moduli measured by nanoindentation in human tibial cortical bone SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; cortical bone; elastic modulus; nanoindentation; ultrasonic velocity ID INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HALF-SPACES; TISSUE; TRABECULAE; HARDNESS; OSTEONS; FEMUR; LOAD AB Many biological materials are known to be anisotropic. In particular, microstructural components of biological materials may grow in a preferred direction, giving rise to anisotropy in the microstructure. Nanoindentation has been shown to be an effective technique for determining the mechanical properties of microstructures as small as a few microns. However, the effects of anisotropy on the properties measured by nanoindentation have not been fully addressed. This study presents a method to account for the effects of anisotropy on elastic properties measured by nanoindentation. This method is used to correlate elastic properties determined from earlier nanoindentation experiments and from earlier ultrasonic velocity measurements in human tibial cortical bone. Also presented is a procedure to determine anisotropic elastic moduli from indentation measurements in multiple directions. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Memphis, Dept Biomed Engn, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Swadener, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Swadener, John G/0000-0001-5493-3461 NR 31 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 57 IS 1 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1002/1097-4636(200110)57:1<108::AID-JBM1148>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 452DY UT WOS:000169842900015 PM 11416856 ER PT J AU Feinendegen, LE Herzog, H Thompson, KH AF Feinendegen, LE Herzog, H Thompson, KH TI Cerebral glucose transport implies individualized glial cell function SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE brain glucose transport; individualized glial function ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RAT-BRAIN; C-11 3-O-METHYL-D-GLUCOSE; HEXOSE-TRANSPORT; PHOSPHORYLATION; INSULIN; 2-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE; METHYLGLUCOSE; MICROVESSELS AB Previous positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of cerebral glucose transport using [11C]-3-O-methylglucose (CMG) suggested an interindividual variation in the values of the rate constant of tracer outflow (k(2)) larger than that for the clearance rate of inflow (K-1). These two parameters were examined in healthy cerebral cortex by dynamic PET in 4 men and 2 women (aged 24 to 73 years) without neurologic disease, and in 1 man (42 years) with a recent left hemispheric cerebral infarction under normoglycemia (average blood plasma d-glucose concentration, 5.44 +/- 1.94 mu mol/mL) and again under hyperglycemia (average, 10.24 +/- 1.44 mu mol/mL). Time-radioactivity curves were obtained from healthy cortex (grey matter) and plasma and analyzed for the Values or K-1 and k(2) by two graphical approaches and two fitting procedures. Both K-1 and k(2) significantly declined with increasing plasma glucose levels. A highly significant interindividual but not intraindividual variability for k(2) was found at normoglycernia and hyperglycemia. The interindividual variability of K-1, although borderline significant, was less than that of k(2). Accordingly variable were the distribution volumes K-1/k(2). These data suggest individualized glial cell function and may be relevant to pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disease. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Res Ctr Juelich, Inst Med, Julich, Germany. RP Feinendegen, LE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-678X J9 J CEREBR BLOOD F MET JI J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1160 EP 1170 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 479YR UT WOS:000171432300004 PM 11598493 ER PT J AU Hoover, WG Posch, HA Hoover, CG AF Hoover, WG Posch, HA Hoover, CG TI Fluctuations and asymmetry via local Lyapunov instability in the time-reversible doubly thermostated harmonic oscillator SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL ENSEMBLE; CHAOTIC ATTRACTORS; DYNAMICS; NOSE; STATES; ORDER AB Forward and backward trajectories from time-symmetric equations of motion can have time-asymmetric stability properties, and exhibit time-asymmetric fluctuations. Away from equilibrium this symmetry breaking is the mechanical equivalent of the second law of thermodynamics. Strange attractor states obeying the second law are time-reversed versions of (unobservable) repeller states which violate that law. Here, we consider both the equilibrium and the nonequilibrium cases for a simple deterministically thermostated oscillator. At equilibrium the extended phase-space distribution is a smooth Gaussian function. Away from equilibrium the distribution is instead a fractal strange attractor. In both cases we illustrate local time-symmetry breaking. We also quantify the forward-backward fluctuation asymmetry for the thermostated oscillator. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis Livermore, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Methods Dev Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Expt Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Hoover, WG (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis Livermore, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 13 BP 5744 EP 5750 DI 10.1063/1.1401158 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 472ZP UT WOS:000171015100007 ER PT J AU Knickelbein, MB AF Knickelbein, MB TI Electric dipole polarizabilities of Ni(12-58) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; SMALL NICKEL CLUSTERS; ALKALI CLUSTERS; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGETICS; MOLECULES; BEAMS AB The electric dipole polarizabilities of Ni(12)-Ni(58) have been measured via a molecular beam deflection experiment. The majority of the clusters display polarizabilities alpha between 4 and 6 Angstrom (3) per atom, below the atomic value of 6.8 Angstrom (3) and above that predicted for ideal conducting spheres. Local extrema in alpha /atom are observed for certain Ni(n). In particular, those clusters that adopt closely packed or quasispherical structures (e.g., Ni(38), Ni(55)) display local minima, while Ni(21), Ni(22), Ni(25), and Ni(49-54), each an icosahedron or polyicosahedron with "missing" atoms, display anomalously high values. The relationship between the polarizabilities of nickel clusters and their shapes and structures is discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Knickelbein, MB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM knickelbein@anl.gov NR 43 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 13 BP 5957 EP 5964 DI 10.1063/1.1398578 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 472ZP UT WOS:000171015100028 ER PT J AU Kreig, A Lefebvre, AA Hahn, H Balsara, NP Qi, SY Chakraborty, AK Xenidou, M Hadjichristidis, N AF Kreig, A Lefebvre, AA Hahn, H Balsara, NP Qi, SY Chakraborty, AK Xenidou, M Hadjichristidis, N TI Micelle formation of randomly grafted copolymers in slightly selective solvents SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHASES; POLYDISPERSITY; EQUILIBRIUM; SURFACTANT; TRANSITION AB Amphiphilic surfactants, molecules with chemical moieties that interact differently with the solvating medium, are important for technological applications and ubiquitous in biology. Understanding how to control surfactant properties is, therefore, of wide-ranging importance. Using a combination of light scattering experiments and field theory, we demonstrate that the behavior of polymeric surfactants can be controlled sensitively by manipulating molecular architecture. We find that branched polymeric amphiphiles can be much better surfactants than traditional linear analogs. This is indicated by micelle formation in solvents that are very slightly selective for the backbone of the branched molecule. Our experimental and theoretical findings also suggest that, for a given chemistry and architectural class, surfactant properties of polymeric amphiphiles are very sensitive to subtle changes in architectural features. Specifically, we find that choosing a particular branching density optimizes the propensity for micelle formation. The sensitivity of macromolecular surfactant properties to molecular architecture can perhaps be profitably exploited in applications wherein only certain chemical moieties are allowed. The physical origin of this sensitivity is the importance of conformational entropy penalties associated with the pertinent self-assembly process. This is in contrast to self-assembly of small molecule systems where conformational entropy is not of such significance. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Chem Engn Chem & Mat Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Athens, Dept Chem, Athens 15771, Greece. RP Kreig, A (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Chem Engn Chem & Mat Sci, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 13 BP 6243 EP 6251 DI 10.1063/1.1395559 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 472ZP UT WOS:000171015100059 ER PT J AU Schneider, JF Boparai, AS Reed, LL AF Schneider, JF Boparai, AS Reed, LL TI Screening for sarin in air and water by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Analyt Chem Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schneider, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 6600 W TOUHY AVE, NILES, IL 60714-4588 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 481GV UT WOS:000171512300003 PM 11669366 ER PT J AU Choi, CH Ruedenberg, K Gordon, MS AF Choi, CH Ruedenberg, K Gordon, MS TI New parallel optimal-parameter fast multipole method (OPFMM) SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE optimum-parameter searching; fast multipole method ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; PARTICLE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; LINEAR SCALING COMPUTATION; SPHERICAL-HARMONICS; METHOD GVFMM; COULOMB; MATRIX; ALGORITHM AB The three key translation equations of the fast multipole method (FMM) are deduced from the general polypolar expansions given earlier. Simplifications are introduced for the rotation-based FMM that lead to a very compact FMM formalism. The optimum-parameter searching procedure, a stable and efficient way of obtaining the optimum set of FMM parameters, is established with complete control over the tolerable error (epsilon). This new procedure optimizes the linear scaling with respect to the number of particles for a given epsilon. In addition, a new parallel FMM algorithm, which requires virtually no internode communication, is suggested that is suitable for the parallel construction of Fock matrices in electronic structure calculations. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 13 BP 1484 EP 1501 DI 10.1002/jcc.1102 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 468QZ UT WOS:000170770800017 ER PT J AU Leininger, ML Sherrill, CD Allen, WD Schaefer, HF AF Leininger, ML Sherrill, CD Allen, WD Schaefer, HF TI Systematic study of selected diagonalization methods for configuration interaction matrices SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE configuration interaction; diagonalization methods; Davidson method; ab inito methods; symmetric eigenvalue problem ID GAUSSIAN BASIS FUNCTIONS; DATA-COMPRESSION METHOD; FULL-CI ALGORITHM; ATOMIC BASIS SETS; FIRST-ROW ATOMS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS; SYMMETRIC-MATRICES; FCI CALCULATIONS; DAVIDSON METHOD AB Several modifications to the Davidson algorithm are systematically explored to establish their performance for an assortment of configuration interaction (Cl) computations. The combination of a generalized Davidson method, a periodic two-vector subspace collapse, and a blocked Davidson approach for multiple roots is determined to retain the convergence characteristics of the full subspace method. This approach permits the efficient computation of wave functions for large-scale CI matrices by eliminating the need to ever store more than three expansion vectors (b(i)) and associated matrix-vector products (sigma (i)), thereby dramatically reducing the I/O requirements relative to the full subspace scheme. The minimal-storage, single-vector method of Olsen is found to be a reasonable alternative for obtaining energies of well-behaved systems to within muE(h) accuracy, although it typically requires around 50% more iterations and at times is too inefficient to yield high accuracy (ca. 10(-10) E-h) for very large CI problems. Several approximations to the diagonal elements of the Cl Hamiltonian matrix are found to allow simple on-the-fly computation of the preconditioning matrix, to maintain the spin symmetry of the determinant-based wave function, and to preserve the convergence characteristics of the diagonalization procedure. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Quantum Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Allen, WD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Quantum Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Allen, Wesley/C-9867-2010; OI Allen, Wesley/0000-0002-4288-2297; Sherrill, David/0000-0002-5570-7666 NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 13 BP 1574 EP 1589 DI 10.1002/jcc.1111 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 468QZ UT WOS:000170770800026 ER PT J AU Guerin, M AF Guerin, M TI Tritium and Cl-36 as constraints on fast fracture flow and percolation flux in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE fast preferential flow; tritium; fracture-matrix interaction; unsaturated zone; chlorine ID TRANSPORT; ROCKS AB An analysis of tritium and Cl-36 data collected at Yucca Mountain, Nevada suggests that fracture flow may occur at high velocities through the thick unsaturated zone. The mechanisms and extent of this "fast flow" in fractures at Yucca Mountain are investigated with data analysis, mixing models and several one-dimensional modeling scenarios. The model results and data analysis provide evidence substantiating the weeps model [Gauthier, J.H., Wilson, M.L., Lauffer, F.C., 1992. Proceedings of the Third Annual International Hi-h-level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, vol. 1, Las Vegas, NV. American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL, pp. 891-989] and suggest that fast flow in fractures with minimal fracture-matrix interaction may comprise a substantial proportion of the total infiltration through Yucca Mountain. Mixing calculations suggest that bomb-pulse tritium measurements, in general, represent the tail end of travel times for thermonuclear-test-era (bomb-pulse) infiltration. The data analysis shows that bomb-pulse tritium and Cl-36 measurements are correlated with discrete features such as horizontal fractures and areas where lateral flow may occur. The results presented here imply that fast flow in fractures may be ubiquitous at Yucca Mountain, occurring when transient infiltration (storms) generates flow in the connected fracture network. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guerin, M (reprint author), 102 Raintree Court, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 51 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00126-7 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 473UB UT WOS:000171065500008 PM 11588829 ER PT J AU Tsur, Y Dunbar, TD Randall, CA AF Tsur, Y Dunbar, TD Randall, CA TI Crystal and defect chemistry of rare earth cations in BaTiO3 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS LA English DT Article DE amphoteric; multilayer capacitors; site occupancy; base metal dielectrics; perovskites; point defects ID DOPED BARIUM-TITANATE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; CERAMICS; PEROVSKITE; RESONANCE; GD3; ER AB This study revisits the issue of rare earth cation substitutions into barium titanate. Analysis based upon crystal chemistry, defect chemistry and metastable states is presented to aid interpretation of experimental data. Recent detailed and highly precise X-ray powder diffraction and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance experiments performed on samples produced with different A/B ratios and fired under different oxygen partial pressure conditions give rise to new insights into the material. Specifically, the site occupancy and the valence states for the rare-earth dopants in barium titanate are considered. Earlier work is also reviewed and compared to the studies performed here. Collectively a classification of the various types of behavior observed for the rare-earth series in barium titanate is presented. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, Ctr Dielect Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87186 USA. RP Tsur, Y (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM tsur@tx.technion.ac.il NR 41 TC 206 Z9 212 U1 21 U2 92 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-3449 J9 J ELECTROCERAM JI J. Electroceram. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1023/A:1012218826733 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 480WJ UT WOS:000171486300004 ER PT J AU Carroll, TX Bozek, JD Kukk, E Myrseth, V Saethre, LJ Thomas, TD AF Carroll, TX Bozek, JD Kukk, E Myrseth, V Saethre, LJ Thomas, TD TI Line shape and lifetime in argon 2p electron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Auger; photoelectron; linewidth; lifetime; post-collision interaction ID POST-COLLISION INTERACTION; CORE-HOLE LIFETIME; HIGH-RESOLUTION; AUGER PROCESSES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRUM; IONIZATION THRESHOLD; FINE-STRUCTURE; AR; ENERGIES; METHANE AB The argon 2p photoelectron spectrum and the argon L3M23M23 S-1(0) Auger spectrum have been measured at several photon energies between 6 and 80 eV above the 2p(3/2) threshold with an instrumental line width significantly smaller then the natural line width. The spectra are described well by the theory of van der Straten et al. [Z. Phys. D 8 (1988) 35] provided that allowance is made for the instrumental resolution and measurements are made at a sufficiently low pressure. The lifetime (Lorentzian) line width determined from these measurements for the core-ionized atom is 112 +/-3 meV, in good agreement with the line width for the 2P(3/2) --> 4s core-excited state, 114 +/-2 meV indicating that the 4s electron has little influence on the Auger decay rate. Remeasurement of the line width for the carbon ls hole in carbon dioxide gives values in good agreement with the previous measurement of 99 meV. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Chem, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Keuka Coll, Keuka Pk, NY 14478 USA. RP Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM thomast@chem.orst.edu RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 120 IS 1-3 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(01)00306-1 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 486JY UT WOS:000171815700007 ER PT J AU Hayashi, H Udagawa, Y Kao, CC Rueff, JP Sette, F AF Hayashi, H Udagawa, Y Kao, CC Rueff, JP Sette, F TI Plasmon dispersion in metallic lithium-ammonia solutions SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE inelastic X-ray scattering; Li-NH3; plasmon dispersion; nearly free electrons; exchange-correlation effects ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ALKALI-METALS; ENERGY-LOSS; ELECTRON EXCITATIONS; DYNAMIC STRUCTURE AB Inelastic X-ray scattering spectra of lithium (Li)-ammonia solutions with concentrations of 9, 13, and 17 mol.% metal have been measured with 0.05- and 0.38-eV resolution for momentum transfer between 0.18 and 0.56 Angstrom (-1). The peak growing with Li-concentration was found around 2 eV, and was assigned to the plasmon of delocalized Li-2s electrons. The plasmon shows a positive dispersion, indicating that exchange-correlation effects in actual nearly free electrons are considerably smaller than expected. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Hayashi, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Aoba Ku, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM hayashi@tagen.tohoku.ac.jp RI Rueff, Jean-Pascal/D-8938-2016; OI Rueff, Jean-Pascal/0000-0003-3594-918X; Hayashi, Hisashi/0000-0002-8504-4066 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 120 IS 1-3 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(01)00313-9 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 486JY UT WOS:000171815700011 ER PT J AU Mansour, A Benjamin, M Straub, DL Richards, GA AF Mansour, A Benjamin, M Straub, DL Richards, GA TI Application of macrolamination technology to lean, premixed combustion SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY MAY 08-11, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY AB Macrolamination, a novel manufacturing technique, is used to develop a dual-fuel pre-mixer. A spatially distributed injection strategy is used to enhance fuel placement. distribution, and mixing inside the premixer. Parametric studies are conducted with different configurations of the premixer to determine the effects of residence time and nozzle configuration on pollutant emissions and flame stability. Diesel fuel (DF-2) and natural.. gas are used as,fuels. Tests are conducted at a pressure of 400 kPa (5 atmospheres), and an inlet air temperature of 533 K. The pollutant emissions and RMS pressure levels are presented for a relatively wide range of nozzle velocities (50-80 m/s) and equivalence ratios (0.54-0.75). These results indicate very good pollutant emissions for a prototype design. These results also indicate that the time-lag model, previously associated with combustion oscillations for gaseous-fuel applications, also applies to liquid-fuel operation. C1 Parker Hannifin Corp, Gas Turbine Fuel Syst Div, Mentor, OH 44060 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Mansour, A (reprint author), Parker Hannifin Corp, Gas Turbine Fuel Syst Div, Mentor, OH 44060 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2001 VL 123 IS 4 BP 796 EP 802 DI 10.1115/1.1378296 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 488KP UT WOS:000171934600011 ER PT J AU Hollenstein, K Graham, RL Shepperd, WD AF Hollenstein, K Graham, RL Shepperd, WD TI Biomass flow in western forests: Simulating the effects of fuel reduction and presettlement restoration treatments SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire; modeling; silviculture; thinning ID PONDEROSA AB Fuel treatment silviculture and the resulting long-term flow of biomass were examined using data from selected western stands. An uneven-aged management regime with reserve trees was modeled, using a canopy closure of 40 percent for the dominant trees as a target and a harvest cutting cycle of 20 years. Fuel reduction treatments in currently overstocked stands resulted in an initial peak of removal for the first and second cutting cycles. Yields stabilized in subsequent cutting cycles. Removal of some large reserve trees was crucial for maintaining stand structure and fire resilience. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Forest Engn Dept, Zurich, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Ecosyst & Plant Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hollenstein, K (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Forest Engn Dept, Zurich, Switzerland. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 99 IS 10 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 475XK UT WOS:000171195000004 ER PT J AU Burlaga, LF Skoug, RM Smith, CW Webb, DF Zurbuchen, TH Reinard, A AF Burlaga, LF Skoug, RM Smith, CW Webb, DF Zurbuchen, TH Reinard, A TI Fast ejecta during the ascending phase of solar cycle 23: ACE observations, 1998-1999 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTER-PLANETARY SHOCK; COSMIC-RAY DECREASES; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; COMPOUND STREAMS; FIELD STRUCTURE; WIND AB We discuss fast ejecta observed at 1 AU during a period of increasing solar activity from February 5, 1998, to November 29, 1999. "Fast ejecta" are transient, noncorotating flows that move past the Earth during a day or more, with a maximum speed > 600 km s(-1). We identify two classes of fast ejecta at 1 AU: (1) magnetic clouds, whose local magnetic structure is that of a flux rope; and (2) "complex ejecta," which are not flux ropes and have disordered magnetic fields. Nearly equal numbers of magnetic clouds and complex ejecta were found: four and five, respectively. The complex ejecta had weaker magnetic fields and higher proton temperatures than the magnetic clouds on average. The average beta for the complex ejecta (0.25 +/- 0.09) was larger than that for the magnetic clouds (0.06 +/- 0.04). The complex ejecta and magnetic clouds had comparable speeds on average, namely, 558 +/- 80 and 500 +/- 63 km s(-1), respectively. Using the duration of the stream and that of the counterstreaming electrons to measure the ejecta, the average time for the complex ejecta to move past ACE was 3 days, which is more than twice that for the magnetic clouds. All of the magnetic clouds contain some material with a high alpha /proton density ratio (>8%) and a density ratio of O7+/O6+ > 1. However, three of the five complex ejecta did not contain material with O7+/O6+ > 1, although four of the complex ejecta contained material with O7+/O6+ > 1. All of the magnetic clouds caused geomagnetic storms. Three complex ejecta produced no geomagnetic storms. The other two complex ejecta produced geomagnetic storms indirectly: one by driving a shock into the rear of a magnetic cloud and the other by amplifying southward fields in its leading edge and interaction region. Most of the magnetic clouds were associated with a single solar source, but nearly all of the complex ejecta could have had multiple sources. We find evidence in the solar observations that some of the complex ejecta could have been produced by the interaction of two or more coronal mass ejections (CMEs). At least three CMEs might have interacted to produce a large complex ejection that arrived at 1 AU on May 4, 1998. This complex ejection was overtaking and interacting with a magnetic cloud. We discuss several hypotheses concerning the structures and origins of complex ejecta, including the likely possibility that some complex ejecta are formed by a series of interacting CMEs of various sizes. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19711 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Burlaga, LF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013 OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989 NR 72 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 20957 EP 20977 DI 10.1029/2000JA000214 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600003 ER PT J AU Kruschwitz, CA Kelley, MC Gardner, CS Swenson, G Liu, AZ Chu, X Drummond, JD Grime, BW Armstrong, WT Plane, JMC Jenniskens, P AF Kruschwitz, CA Kelley, MC Gardner, CS Swenson, G Liu, AZ Chu, X Drummond, JD Grime, BW Armstrong, WT Plane, JMC Jenniskens, P TI Observations of persistent Leonid meteor trails 2. Photometry and numerical modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; SHOWER; SODIUM; LIDAR AB During the 1998 Leonid meteor shower, multi-instrument observations of persistent meteor trains were made from the Starfire Optical Range on Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, and from a secondary site in nearby Placitas, New Mexico. The University of Illinois Na resonance lidar measured the Na density and temperature in the trains, while various cameras captured images and videos of the trains, some of which were observed to persist for more than 30 min. The Na density measurements allow the contribution of Na airglow to the observed train luminescence to be quantified for the first time. To do this, persistent train luminescence is numerically modeled. Cylindrical symmetry is assumed, and observed values of the Na density, temperature, and diffusivity are used. It is found that the expected Na luminosity is consistent with narrowband CCD all-sky camera observations, but that these emissions can contribute only a small fraction of the total light observed in a 0.5-1 mu bandwidth. Other potential luminosity sources are examined, in particular, light resulting from the possible excitation of monoxides of meteoric metals (particularly FeO) and O-2(b(1)Sigma (+)(g)) during reactions between atmospheric oxygen species and meteoric metals. It is found that the total luminosity of these combined processes falls somewhat short of explaining the observed brightness, and thus additional luminosity sources still are needed. In addition, the brightness distribution, the so-called hollow cylinder effect, remains unexplained. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kruschwitz, CA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 304 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Plane, John/C-7444-2015; Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015; Liu, Alan/C-3738-2008 OI Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893; Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963; Liu, Alan/0000-0002-1834-7120 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 21525 EP 21541 DI 10.1029/2000JA000174 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600049 ER PT J AU Wescott, EM Sentman, DD Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC Huet, P Heavner, MJ Moudry, DR AF Wescott, EM Sentman, DD Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC Huet, P Heavner, MJ Moudry, DR TI New evidence for the brightness and ionization of blue starters and blue jets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; DISCHARGES AB Blue jets and blue starters are partially ionized luminous cones of primarily blue light that propagate upward out of the top of thunderstorms at speeds of order 100 km s(-1). Blue jets propagate up similar to 40 km, but blue starters, which resemble blue jets, terminate abruptly after only a few kilometers of upward travel. Theories on the origin of blue jets have proposed that they are due to either positive or negative streamers or runaway electrons. Quantitative analysis of new multi-instrument observations of a blue starter from an aircraft during the Energetics of Upper Atmospheric Excitation by Lightning, 1998 (EXL98) campaign of July 1998, shows that the ionization accounts for similar to3 % of the observed intensity. Quantitative analysis of a remarkable color photograph of a blue jet taken from Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean shows that the minimum optical energy deposition was similar to0.5 MJ. The same photograph shows details of streamers never before seen. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wescott, EM (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 21549 EP 21554 DI 10.1029/2000JA000429 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600051 ER PT J AU Samsonov, AA Pudovkin, MI Gary, SP Hubert, D AF Samsonov, AA Pudovkin, MI Gary, SP Hubert, D TI Anisotropic MHD model of the dayside magnetosheath downstream of the oblique bow shock SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA DEPLETION LAYER; SOLAR-WIND; EARTHS MAGNETOSHEATH; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SUBSOLAR MAGNETOSHEATH; TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; FLUID MODEL; PRESSURE; MAGNETOPAUSE; DENSITY AB Large-scale flow in the dayside magnetosheath is calculated by using a three-dimensional anisotropic MHD model for the case when the angle between the interplanetary magnetic field and the solar wind velocity is 45 degrees. The behavior of plasma and magnetic field parameters downstream of the quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel bow shocks is compared in the results from a single calculation. The model includes a limit on the proton temperature anisotropy based upon thresholds for onset of the ion cyclotron and mirror instabilities. Results are presented for three different values of the isotropization rate. The model shows the existence of the plasma depletion layer, corresponding to an increase of the magnetic field intensity and a decrease of the plasma density near the magnetopause, for all angles of the bow shock normal relative to the interplanetary magnetic field. There is a thin layer downstream of the quasi-parallel shock where T-parallel top > T-perpendicular top. The magnetosheath regions are shown where the threshold conditions for ion cyclotron and mirror instabilities are satisfied. C1 St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, Dept Earth Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. Observ Paris, Dept Rech Spatiale, Paris, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Samsonov, AA (reprint author), Astrophys Inst Potsdam, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RI Samsonov, Andrey/I-7057-2012 OI Samsonov, Andrey/0000-0001-8243-1151 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A10 BP 21689 EP 21699 DI 10.1029/2000JA900150 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475XG UT WOS:000171194600062 ER PT J AU Ammerman, CN You, SM AF Ammerman, CN You, SM TI Enhancing small-channel convective boiling performance using a microporous surface coating SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE boiling; convection; enhancement; heat transfer ID HEAT-TRANSFER; FLOW; FC-72 AB Performance characteristics are experimentally determined for enhanced convective boiling of FC-87 in a horizontal, small-cross-sectional-area,,a, single-channel heater The channel tested has a square cross section with a side length of 2 mm and a heated length of 8 cm. The heated surface of the channel is tested both with, and without, a microporous surface coating. Although few studies have been performed to quantify the effects of internal porous coatings on flow boiling, their application in this area is promising. The coating is shown to provide increases in both heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux. Convective boiling curves are generated for mass fluxes from 500 to 5000 kg/m(2)s and for inlet subcooling levels ranging from 2 to 31 degreesC. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Kwanak Gu, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Ammerman, CN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2001 VL 123 IS 5 BP 976 EP 983 DI 10.1115/1.1388300 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 480UB UT WOS:000171480200018 ER PT J AU Adams, A Polchinski, J Silverstein, E AF Adams, A Polchinski, J Silverstein, E TI Don't panic! Closed string tachyons in ALE spacetimes SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superstrings and heterotic strings; superstring vacua; discrete and finite symmetries ID CONFORMAL FIELD-THEORIES; BRANES; MANIFOLDS; DYNAMICS; VACUA AB We consider closed string tachyons localized at the fixed points of non-compact nonsupersymmetric orbifolds. We argue that tachyon condensation drives these orbifolds to at space or supersymmetric ALE spaces. The decay proceeds via an expanding shell of dilaton gradients and curvature which interpolates between two regions of distinct angular geometry. The string coupling remains weak throughout. For small tachyon VEVs, evidence comes from quiver theories on D-branes probes, in which deformations by twisted couplings smoothly connect non-supersymmetric orbifolds to supersymmetric orbifolds of reduced order. For large tachyon VEVs, evidence comes from worldsheet RG flow and spacetime gravity. For C-2/Z(n), we exhibit infinite sequences of transitions producing SUSY ALE spaces via twisted closed string condensation from non-supersymmetric ALE spaces. In a T-dual description this provides a mechanism for creating NS5-branes via closed string tachyon condensation similar to the creation of D-branes via open string tachyon condensation. We also apply our results to recent duality conjectures involving fluxbranes and the type 0 string. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Adams, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM allan@slac.stanford.edu; joep@itp.ucsb.edu; evas@SLAC.Stanford.EDU NR 44 TC 189 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 IS 10 AR 029 PG 41 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 511PC UT WOS:000173273900029 ER PT J AU de Boer, J Halpern, MB Obers, NA AF de Boer, J Halpern, MB Obers, NA TI The operator algebra and twisted KZ equations of WZW orbifolds SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE conformal field models in string theory; conformal and W symmetry; discrete and finite symmetries ID CONFORMAL FIELD-THEORIES; GENERAL VIRASORO CONSTRUCTION; PION-QUARK MODEL; CYCLIC PERMUTATIONS; LIE-ALGEBRAS; 2 DIMENSIONS; AFFINE-G; STRINGS; MONSTER; FACES AB We obtain the operator algebra of each twisted sector of all WZW orbifolds, including the general twisted current algebra and the algebra of the twisted currents with the twisted affine primary fields. Surprisingly, the twisted right and left mover current algebras are not a priori copies of each other. Using the operator algebra we also derive world-sheet differential equations for the twisted affine primary fields of all WZW orbifolds. Finally we include ground state properties to obtain the twisted Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations of the WZW permutation orbifolds and the inner-automorphic WZW orbifolds. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Utrecht, Spinoza Inst, NL-3584 CE Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-3584 CE Utrecht, Netherlands. RP de Boer, J (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Inst Theoret Phys, Valckenierstr 65, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM jdeboer@wins.uva.nl; halpern@physics.berkeley.edu; obers@phys.uu.nl NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 IS 10 AR 011 PG 71 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 511PC UT WOS:000173273900011 ER PT J AU Hellerman, S McGreevy, J AF Hellerman, S McGreevy, J TI Linear sigma model toolshed for D-brane physics SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE D-branes; superstring vacua; differential and algebraic geometry ID ART. NO. 026001; STRING THEORY; MIRROR SYMMETRY; TOPOLOGY CHANGE; MANIFOLDS; BOUNDARY; COMPACTIFICATIONS; SUPERSYMMETRY; INSTANTONS; ORBIFOLDS AB Building on earlier work [1], we construct linear sigma models for strings on curved spaces in the presence of branes. Our models include an extremely general class of brane-worldvolume gauge field configurations. We explain in an accessible manner the mathematical ideas which suggest appropriate worldsheet interactions for generating a given open string background. This construction provides an explanation for the appearance of the derived category in D-brane physics complementary to that of [2]. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theory Grp, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hellerman, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM simeon@itp.stanford.edu; mcgreevy@stanford.edu NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 IS 10 AR 002 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 511PC UT WOS:000173273900002 ER PT J AU Hellerman, S McGreevy, J AF Hellerman, S McGreevy, J TI D(NA)-branes SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE D-branes; superstring vacua; brane dynamics in gauge theories; string duality ID STRINGS AB We engineer a configuration of branes in type-IIB string theory whose mechanical structure is that of a DNA molecule. We obtain it by considering a T-dual description of the quantum Hall soliton. Using a probe analysis, we investigate the dynamics of the system and show that it is stable against radial perturbations. We exercise a certain amount of restraint in discussing applications to biophysics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theory Grp, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hellerman, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM simeon@SLAC.Stanford.EDU; mcgreevy@stanford.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 IS 10 AR 021 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 511PC UT WOS:000173273900021 ER PT J AU Hellerman, S Van Raamsdonk, M AF Hellerman, S Van Raamsdonk, M TI Quantum Hall physics equals noncommutative field theory? SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Chern-Simons theories; non-commutative geometry; matrix models ID SYSTEMS; MODEL AB In this note, we study a matrix-regularized version of non-commutative U(1) Chern-Simons theory proposed recently by Polychronakos. We determine a complete minimal basis of exact wavefunctions for the theory at arbitrary level k and rank N. We show that these have a form highly reminiscent of Laughlin-type wavefunctions describing excitations of a quantum Hall droplet composed of N electrons at filling fraction 1/k, and demonstrate explicitly that the energy levels and degeneracies of the two theories are identical. Thus, at the level of the Hilbert space, finite matrix Chern-Simons theory is identical to the theory of composite fermions in the lowest Landau level, believed to provide an accurate description of the filling fraction 1/k fractional quantum Hall state. In the large N limit, this provides further evidence that level k noncommutative U(1) Chern-Simons theory is equivalent to the Laughlin theory of the filling fraction 1/k quantum Hall fluid, as conjectured recently by Susskind. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hellerman, S (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM simeon@itp.stanford.edu; mav@itp.stanford.edu NR 22 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 IS 10 AR 039 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 511PC UT WOS:000173273900039 ER PT J AU Frank, P Robinson, WE Kustin, K Hodgson, KO AF Frank, P Robinson, WE Kustin, K Hodgson, KO TI Unprecedented forms of vanadium observed within the blood cells of Phallusia nigra using K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vanadium; blood cells; Phallusia nigra; K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy; tunicate; ascidian ID TUNICATE ASCIDIA-CERATODES; MORULA CELLS; SYDNEIENSIS-SAMEA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CYTOCHEMICAL-LOCALIZATION; RESONANCE-SPECTRUM; MAMMILLATA CUVIER; MENTULA MULLER; IN-VITRO; COMPLEXES AB Fits to the vanadium K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of five whole blood cell samples from the tunicate Phallusia nigra revealed unprecedented forms of intracellular vanadium. Endogenous vanadium was divided between the V(III) ion (74.2 +/-5.1% of total V) and the vanadyl ion [V(IV)=O](2+) (25.2 +/-5.4% of total V). The V(III) fraction included both [V(H2O)(6)](3+) (36.7 +/-5.5%) modeled as VCl3 in I M HCl, and three previously unprecedented chelated V(III) forms (37.5 +/-4.6%). Two of these could be represented by the model ligand environments V(acetylacetonate)(3) (17.9 +/-3.2%) and K-3 V(catecholate)(3) (13.1 +/-4.7%), implying DOPA-like complexation. The third chelated form was represented by the 7-coordinate N2O5 complex Na[V(edta)(H2O)] (8.0 +/-1.8%). This coordination array, suggestive of a novel mononuclear V(III) protein site, contributed only to fits to samples 1, 2, 3 and 5, which were prepared in the presence of DTT. Endogenous V(IV) (25.2 +/-5.4%) was principally modeled as VOCl2 in I M HCl. EPR spectra (averages: A(perpendicular to)=(1.842 +/-0.006) x10(-2) cm(-1); A(perpendicular to)=(0.718 +/-0.007) x10(-2) cm(-1); g(parallel to)=1.936 +/-0.002; g(perpendicular to)=1.990 +/-0.001) confirmed the predominance of the aquated vanadyl ion. Blood cell sample five uniquely required the XAS spectrum of VOSO4 in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution (13.0%) and of [OV(V)(pivalate)(3)] (3.1%) to successfully fit the XAS pre-edge energy region. This endogenous V(V) signal is also unprecedented. These results are compared with those of analogous fits to the blood cells of Ascidia ceratodes and may support assignment of P. nigra to a different genus. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Environm Coastal & Ocean Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Frank, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209] NR 94 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 86 IS 4 BP 635 EP 648 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(01)00231-8 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 483VD UT WOS:000171655800001 PM 11583781 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Kriegermeier-Sutton, BK Snyder, JE Dennis, KW McCallum, RW Jiles, DC AF Chen, Y Kriegermeier-Sutton, BK Snyder, JE Dennis, KW McCallum, RW Jiles, DC TI Magnetomechanical effects under torsional strain in iron, cobalt and nickel SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetostriction; magnetomechanical effect; torque sensor; piezomagnetic coefficient ID MAGNETIZATION AB The change of magnetization as a function of applied torque has been investigated for cylindrical rods of 99.9% pure iron, cobalt and nickel. The relationship between the magnetomechanical effect and magneto strict ion in these materials has also been investigated. Torque was applied with amplitude up to +/-5 N in with no associated bending moment. The magnetic field near the sample surface was measured using a Hall effect sensor at the center of the sample. The results showed a linear dependence of this field on torque once the transient effects of the first few stress cycles had been overcome. The derivative of the surface circumferential magnetic field with respect to torque for a nickel rod was 19A N-1 m(-2). Cobalt and iron, on the other hand, showed smaller sensitivity to torsional stress, with changes less than 1 A N-1 m(-2). The difference in behavior is due to the higher ratio of magnetostriction to anisotropy in nickel. Magnetostriction measurements were made and it was found that the piezomagnetic coefficient d, that is the slope of the magnetostriction curve d lambda /dH, at low magnetic field is an important figure of merit in determining sensitivity of magnetization to torque. It is shown that the sensitivity of magnetic induction to stress dB/d sigma is dependent on the ratio of magnetostriction to anisotropy. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jiles, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 15 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 236 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00160-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 484BJ UT WOS:000171670100018 ER PT J AU Van Berkel, GJ Kertesz, V AF Van Berkel, GJ Kertesz, V TI Redox buffering in an electrospray ion source using a copper capillary emitter SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE redox buffer; copper emitter; stainless-steel emitter; electrospray; electrochemistry ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CURRENT ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; COUPLED ONLINE; GAS-PHASE; CELL; METALLOCENES; DERIVATIVES; COMPLEXES; ANALYTES AB An electrospray ion source used in electrospray mass spectrometry is a two-electrode, controlled-current electrochemical flow cell. Electrochemical reactions at the emitter electrode (oxidation and reduction in positive and negative ion modes respectively) provide the excess charge necessary for the quasi-continuous production of charged droplets and ultimately gas-phase ions with this device. We demonstrate here that a copper capillary emitter, in place of the more commonly used stainless-steel capillary emitter, can be utilized as a redox buffer in positive ion mode. Anodic corrosion of the copper capillary during normal operation liberates copper ions to solution and in so doing maintains the interfacial potential at this electrode near the equilibrium potential for the copper corrosion process [E degrees = 0.34 V versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)]. Fixing the interfacial potential at the emitter electrode provides control over the electrochemical reactions that take place at this electrode. It is shown that the oxidation of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine to N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediimine (E-p/2 = 0.48 V versus SHE) can be completely avoided using the copper emitter, whereas this analyte is completely oxidized with a stainless-steel capillary emitter under the same conditions. Moreover, using N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediimine, we demonstrate that reduction reactions can occur at the copper emitter electrode in positive ion mode. Emitter corrosion, in addition to redox buffering, provides a convenient means to introduce metal ions into solution for analytical use in electrospray mass spectrometry. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1125 EP 1132 DI 10.1002/jms.216 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 488MV UT WOS:000171941000006 PM 11747106 ER PT J AU Su, YX Jin, Z Duan, YX Olivares, JA AF Su, YX Jin, Z Duan, YX Olivares, JA TI Mapping the ion kinetic energy in a helium microwave plasma orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ion kinetic energy; helium microwave plasma; time-of-flight mass spectrometry; orthogonal acceleration; elemental analysis ID ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; ATOMIC-EMISSION; TORCH AB The ion kinetic energy of a helium microwave plasma is studied using an orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The ions produced in the plasma are extracted into the mass spectrometer in an 'off-cone' mode (i.e. the helium plasma plume is off the sampler cone), and enter the repelling zone in the x-direction, which is perpendicular to the flight tube. The information of ion initial kinetic energy was obtained from both theoretical calculations and experimental results. The potential influence of two x-direction steering plates (X-steering plates) on the ion energy and signal intensity was examined. The influence of gas composition on the ion kinetic energy was also investigated. The calculated results show that ions with different m/z have different velocity and kinetic energy when they enter the ion modulation zone, and lighter ions have higher velocity and lower kinetic energy. The experimental results obtained demonstrate that the ion signals of different m/z produced with an 'off-cone' sampling helium microwave plasma show similar trends as calculated with the potential difference of the X-steering plates, revealing their narrow kinetic energy distribution in the x-direction. Under typical operating conditions, the x-direction kinetic energy of ions detected mostly range from about 14.9 eV for Li-7(+) to 16.8 eV for Pb-208(+). Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CACS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duan, YX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CACS, MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1156 EP 1162 DI 10.1002/jms.230 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 488MV UT WOS:000171941000010 PM 11747110 ER PT J AU Zhai, HY Christen, HM Zhang, L Paranthaman, A Cantoni, C Sales, BC Fleming, PH Christen, DK Lowndes, DH AF Zhai, HY Christen, HM Zhang, L Paranthaman, A Cantoni, C Sales, BC Fleming, PH Christen, DK Lowndes, DH TI Growth mechanism of superconducting MgB2 films prepared by various methods SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The growth mechanisms of MgB2 films obtained by different methods on various substrates are comparably studied by transport measurements and scanning electron microscopy observations. The analyzed films include those prepared by ex situ postanneal with T-c0 similar to 38.8 K and those from in situ anneal with T-c0 similar to 24 K. It is clearly observed that the films obtained by the high-temperature reaction of e-beam evaporated B with Mg vapor are formed by the nucleation of independent MgB2 grains at the film surface, indicating that this approach may not be suitable to obtain epitaxial films. A significant oxygen contamination was also present in films obtained from pulsed-laser-deposition-grown precursors, which drag the T-c0 down to 24 K. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RP Zhai, HY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RI Christen, David/A-9709-2008; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013; OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 11 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 12 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2759 EP 2762 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0375 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 479XP UT WOS:000171429600001 ER PT J AU Petrovic, JJ Hoover, RC Field, RD Han, K AF Petrovic, JJ Hoover, RC Field, RD Han, K TI Synthesis of silicon microwire SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GLASS AB Silicon microwires have been synthesized by the Taylor microwire process. In this process, silicon is melted inside a glass tube by a local heating source and fine microwire is then drawn out by mechanical pulling. The silicon microwire is encapsulated in a silica glass coating. Flexible 10-25-mum diameter polycrystalline silicon microwires were synthesized by this method in continuous lengths up to 460 mm. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Petrovic, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2777 EP 2779 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0380 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 479XP UT WOS:000171429600006 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Hoelzer, DT Payzant, EA Tortorelli, PF Horton, JA Anderson, IM Walker, LR Wrobel, SK AF Brady, MP Hoelzer, DT Payzant, EA Tortorelli, PF Horton, JA Anderson, IM Walker, LR Wrobel, SK TI Templated growth of a complex nitride island dispersion through an internal nitridation reaction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BINARY-ALLOYS; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY AB A new synthesis route, based on internal oxidation reactions in multiphase alloys, is proposed for the controlled production of near-surface, complex ceramic-ceramic or ceramic-metallic composite structures. Using this approach, a microdispersion of a complex nitride perovskite, Cr3PtN, was formed in Cr2N or Cr(Pt) by internal nitridation of a two-phase Cr(Pt) + Cr3Pt precursor alloy. A framework for use of this phenomenon to synthesize island micro- (and potentially meso- or nano-) composite functional surface structures is presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2784 EP 2787 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0382 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 479XP UT WOS:000171429600008 ER PT J AU Schumacher, G Birtcher, RC Rehn, LE AF Schumacher, G Birtcher, RC Rehn, LE TI Mass density of glassy Pd80Si20 during low-temperature light ion irradiation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FAST HEAVY-IONS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; METALLIC GLASSES; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; AMORPHOUS PD82SI18; ALLOYS; DAMAGE AB Changes in mass density of amorphous Pd80Si20 were monitored in situ during irradiation with He2+ and H+ ions at temperatures below 100 K and during subsequent thermal treatment. The mass density decreased with increasing ion fluence and exponentially approached a saturation value of -1.2%, corresponding to a recombination volume of 190 atomic volumes, The initial swelling rate was 2.3 atomic volumes/displaced atom. The mass density of the irradiated material increased during subsequent thermal treatment, and the irradiation-induced decrease of the mass density recovered completely at room temperature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schumacher, G (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2788 EP 2792 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0383 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 479XP UT WOS:000171429600009 ER PT J AU Domansky, K Liu, J Wang, LQ Engelhard, MH Baskaran, S AF Domansky, K Liu, J Wang, LQ Engelhard, MH Baskaran, S TI Chemical sensors based on dielectric response of functionalized mesoporous silica films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Dielectric response of mesoporous silica films was monitored as a function of several gas-phase chemical species. The effects of humidity, ammonia, and methane on dielectric constant and dissipation factor of films subjected to different chemical treatments are described. Dielectric constant and dissipation factor of partially dehydroxylated films were found to be highly sensitive to both water vapor and ammonia in air. The capacitive devices based on mesoporous silica films show potential for use in chemical sensors. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baskaran, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K2-44, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM suresh.baskaran@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2810 EP 2816 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0387 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 479XP UT WOS:000171429600013 ER PT J AU Wu, L Zhu, Y Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ Moodenbaugh, AR Sabatini, RL Suenaga, M AF Wu, L Zhu, Y Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ Moodenbaugh, AR Sabatini, RL Suenaga, M TI Nucleation band growth of YBa2Cu3Ox on SrTiO3 and CeO2 by a BaF2 postdeposition reaction process SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; BA2YCU3O7-X; DEPOSITION; PRECURSOR; PHASES AB The nucleation and growth of the c-axis-aligned YBa2Cu3Ox on SrTiO3 and CeO2, from precursor films, were studied by examining quenched and fully processed specimens using transmission electron microscopy techniques. The precursor films, a stoichiometric mixture of fine-grained Y, Cu, and BaF2, were deposited using physical vapor deposition methods. An Y-Ba oxy-fluoride formed from the precursor contributed to the nucleation of YBa2Cu3Ox, while a liquid layer between the unreacted precursor and the YBa2Cu3Ox layer played an important role in the growth of YBa2Cu3O. However, the process of nucleation of YBa2Cu3Ox on SrTiO3 and CeO2 were significantly different. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wu, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/A-7724-2009; OI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/0000-0003-1879-9802; Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 32 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2869 EP 2884 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0396 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 479XP UT WOS:000171429600022 ER PT J AU Rawers, J Collins, K Peck, M AF Rawers, J Collins, K Peck, M TI Oxides reactions with a high-chrome sesquioxide refractory SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In slagging coal-gasifier systems, the combination of oxides present as impurities in coal and combustion temperatures that can exceed 1650 degreesC restrict the use of liner materials in the coal combustion chambers to refractories. In this study, the slag-refractory interactions of a new high chrome sesquioxide refractory was characterized. High-temperature cup tests showed that the molten oxides infused into the refractory and that the sesquioxide refractory reacts with the oxides in a manner similar to spinel phase refractories. Studies of the coal slag's individual oxide components showed CaO reacts with the chrome refractory to form a low melting Ca(CrO2)(2). FeO reacts with the sesquioxide to form a interface layer of (Cr,Fe)(3)O-4 spinel phase. Results of this study now make it possible to design studies for improving corrosion resistance to increase refractory life. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20210 USA. RP Rawers, J (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20210 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 36 IS 20 BP 4837 EP 4843 DI 10.1023/A:1011809409161 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 493RK UT WOS:000172237100001 ER PT J AU Van de Peer, Y Taylor, JS Braasch, I Meyer, A AF Van de Peer, Y Taylor, JS Braasch, I Meyer, A TI The ghost of selection past: Rates of evolution and functional divergence of anciently duplicated genes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE genome duplication; functional divergence; positive Darwinian selection; relative rate test ID POSITIVE DARWINIAN SELECTION; VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; EXPRESSED GENES; HOMEOBOX GENE; HOX CLUSTERS; LINKAGE MAP; ZEBRAFISH; PROTEINS; FISH AB The duplication of genes and even complete genomes may be a prerequisite for major evolutionary transitions and the origin of evolutionary novelties. However, the evolutionary mechanisms of gene evolution and the origin of novel gene functions after gene duplication have been a subject of many debates. Recently, we compiled 26 groups of orthologous genes, which included one gene from human, mouse, and chicken, one or two genes from the tetraploid Xenopus and two genes from zebrafish. Comparative analysis and mapping data showed that these pairs of zebrafish genes were probably produced during a fish-specific genome duplication that occurred between 300 and 450 Mya, before the teleost radiation (Taylor et al. 2001). As discussed here, many of these retained duplicated genes code for DNA binding proteins. Different models have been developed to explain the retention of duplicated genes and in particular the subfunctionalization model of Force et al. (1999) could explain why so many developmental control genes have been retained. Other models are harder to reconcile with this particular set of duplicated genes. Most genes seem to have been subjected to strong purifying selection, keeping properties such as charge and polarity the same in both duplicates, although some evidence was found for positive Darwinian selection, in particular for Hox genes. However, since only the cumulative pattern of nucleotide substitutions can be studied, clear indications of positive Darwinian selection or neutrality may be hard to find for such anciently duplicated genes. Nevertheless, an increase in evolutionary rate in about half of the duplicated genes seems to suggest that either positive Darwinian selection has occurred or that functional constraints have been relaxed at one point in time during functional divergence. C1 Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Van de Peer, Y (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Dept Plant Genet, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RI Meyer, Axel/C-9826-2009; Braasch, Ingo/A-6948-2010; Van de Peer, Yves/D-4388-2009 OI Meyer, Axel/0000-0002-0888-8193; Braasch, Ingo/0000-0003-4766-611X; Van de Peer, Yves/0000-0003-4327-3730 NR 70 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD OCT-NOV PY 2001 VL 53 IS 4-5 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.1007/s002390010233 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 475NB UT WOS:000171169600019 PM 11675603 ER PT J AU Thanos, PK Volkow, ND Freimuth, P Umegaki, H Ikari, H Roth, G Ingram, DK Hitzemann, R AF Thanos, PK Volkow, ND Freimuth, P Umegaki, H Ikari, H Roth, G Ingram, DK Hitzemann, R TI Overexpression of dopamine D2 receptors reduces alcohol self-administration (vol 78, pg 1094, 2000) SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nagoya Univ, Sch Med, Dept Geriatr, Aichi, Japan. NIA, Gerontol Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Behav Neurosci, Portland, OR USA. RP Thanos, PK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 79 IS 2 BP 462 EP 462 DI 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00609.x PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 483KJ UT WOS:000171634300027 ER PT J AU Itti, L Chang, L Ernst, T AF Itti, L Chang, L Ernst, T TI Segmentation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy lesions in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE white-matter lesion; progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; segmentation; magnetic resonance imaging; fluid-attenuated inversion recovery ID MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS LESIONS; CONVENTIONAL SPIN-ECHO; MRI; QUANTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; BRAIN; LOAD; AIDS AB Background and Purpose. The authors compared the reproducibility of a manual and a semiautomated technique for the quantitation of white-matter lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods. Volumes of white-matter lesions were determined using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI in 23 AIDS patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Manual outlining was compared to an automated method based on region growing and adaptive thresholding. Results. Lesion volumes from the 2 methods correlated well (61 lesions, r = 0.99, P < 10(-4)), although the volumes differed substantially (12.8% +/- 13.7%). Interscan, intrasubject reproducibility was better for the automated than the manual method (2.9% +/- 3.2% vs 12.4% +/- 16.2% volume difference, P = .02). Conclusion. The automated algorithm appeared more reproducible, which renders it superior to the manual method for longitudinal studies. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Itti, L (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Hedco Neurosci Bldg,Room 30A,3641 Watt Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 00280] NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1051-2284 J9 J NEUROIMAGING JI J. Neuroimaging PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 4 BP 412 EP 417 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 477RQ UT WOS:000171298400010 PM 11677882 ER PT J AU Sandi, G AF Sandi, G TI Development of new anodes for rechargeable lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon anodes; lithium ion batteries; graphite electrodes; alloys ID INTERCALATION ANODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION; GRAPHITE; CARBONS; ELECTRODES; PERFORMANCE; DEPENDENCE; ETHYLENE AB Carbonaceous materials have received considerable interest for use as anodes ever since Sony introduced the lithium-ion battery. Carbon containing systems are noted for potential safety and reliability advantages because the carbon anodes are less prone to form dendrites than metallic lithium anodes. Most investigations have utilized carbon materials that are available from existing sources such as natural graphite, cokes, carbon fibers, non-graphitizable carbon, and pyrolitic carbon. Recently, metal alloys and metal oxides have been studied as alternatives to carbon as negative electrodes in Li-ion cells. A description of both systems is presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA C P 6079, SUCC CENTRE-VILLE, MONTREAL, QC H3C 3A7, CANADA SN 1480-2422 J9 J NEW MAT ELECTR SYS JI J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 4 IS 4 BP 259 EP 265 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 505RW UT WOS:000172930200008 ER PT J AU Khalili, NR Campbell, M Sandi, G Lu, WQ Barsokov, IV AF Khalili, NR Campbell, M Sandi, G Lu, WQ Barsokov, IV TI Physical and electrochemical properties of a carbon-based material produced from paper mill sludge SO JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE waste sludge; activated carbon; lithium ion batteries; chemical activation ID LITHIUM INTERCALATION; ACTIVATED CARBON; IRREVERSIBLE CAPACITY; ZINC-CHLORIDE; SURFACE-AREA; STEAM; PYROLYSIS; BATTERIES; BEHAVIOR; POROSITY AB A pure, high surface area and cost-effective carbon-based material with possible application in electrochemical processes was synthesized from industrial sludge. The produced carbon was initially characterized to determine its purity and surface properties including surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter Surface characterization used N-2-adsorption isotherm data and mathematical models such as the D-R equation, and BJH methods. The extent of the purity was assessed from Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The electrochemical properties, i.e. the potential use as electrode in Li ion batteries, were evaluated using conventional electrochemical testings such as charge/discharge and impedance spectroscopy. The results of the data analysis were promising and indicated that paper mill sludge can be successfully used to produce a pure, carbon for potential use in electrochemical applications. The reversible capacity obtained for the carbon were shown to be very close to that of a graphitic carbon commonly used in Li batteries, even though carbons surface properties are closer to that of an activated carbon. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Super Graphite Co, Chicago, IL 60632 USA. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA C P 6079, SUCC CENTRE-VILLE, MONTREAL, QC H3C 3A7, CANADA SN 1480-2422 J9 J NEW MAT ELECTR SYS JI J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 4 IS 4 BP 267 EP 274 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 505RW UT WOS:000172930200009 ER PT J AU Gan, J Was, GS Stoller, RE AF Gan, J Was, GS Stoller, RE TI Modeling of microstructure evolution in austenitic stainless steels irradiated under light water reactor condition SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CR-NI ALLOYS; SMALL INTERSTITIAL CLUSTERS; DISLOCATION LOOPS; NUCLEATION; METALS; MOBILITY; FE; DEPENDENCE; GROWTH; SIMULATIONS AB A model for microstructure development in austenitic alloys under light water reactor irradiation conditions is described. The model is derived from the model developed by Stoller and Odette to describe microstructural evolution under fast neutron or fusion reactor irradiation conditions. The model is benchmarked against microstructure measurements in 304 and 316 SS irradiated in a boiling water reactor core using one material-dependent and three irradiation-based parameters. The model is also adapted for proton irradiation at higher dose rate and higher temperature and is calibrated against microstructure measurements for proton irradiation. The model calculations show that for both neutron and proton irradiations, in-cascade interstitial clustering is the driving mechanism for loop nucleation. The loss of interstitial clusters to sinks by interstitial cluster diffusion was found to be an important factor in determining the loop density. The model also explains how proton irradiation can produce an irradiated dislocation microstructure similar to that in neutron irradiation. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Interface & Characterizat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gan, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Interface & Characterizat Grp, MSIN P8-16,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jian.Gan@pnl.gov RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 299 IS 1 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00673-0 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 482LE UT WOS:000171577000007 ER PT J AU Byun, TS Farrell, K Lee, EH Hunn, JD Mansur, LK AF Byun, TS Farrell, K Lee, EH Hunn, JD Mansur, LK TI Strain hardening and plastic instability properties of austenitic stainless steels after proton and neutron irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION AB Strain hardening and plastic instability properties were analyzed for EC316LN, HTUPS316, and AL6XN austenitic stainless steels after combined 800 MeV proton and spallation neutron irradiation to doses up to 10.7 dpa. The steels retained good strain-hardening rates after irradiation, which resulted in significant uniform strains. It was found that the instability stress, the stress at the onset of necking, had little dependence on the irradiation dose. Tensile fracture stress and strain were calculated from the stress-strain curve data and were used to estimate fracture toughness using an existing model. The doses to plastic instability and fracture, the accumulated doses at which the yield stress reaches instability stress or fracture stress, were predicted by extrapolation of the yield stress, instability stress, and fracture stress to higher dose. The EC316LN alloy required the highest doses for plastic instability and fracture. Plastic deformation mechanisms are discussed in relation to the strain-hardening properties of the austenitic stainless steels. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,Bldg 5500, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 46 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 298 IS 3 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00651-1 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 479AK UT WOS:000171381600007 ER PT J AU Gan, J Was, GS AF Gan, J Was, GS TI Microstructure evolution in austenistic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys irradiated with protons: comparison with neutron-irradiated microstructures (vol 297, pg 161, 2001) SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Correction C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Interface Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gan, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Interface Grp, MSIN P8-16,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 298 IS 3 BP 341 EP 341 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00671-7 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 479AK UT WOS:000171381600016 ER PT J AU Wartenberg, D Brown, S Mohr, S Cragle, D Friedlander, B AF Wartenberg, D Brown, S Mohr, S Cragle, D Friedlander, B TI Are African-American nuclear workers at lower mortality risk than Caucasians? SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY WORKER; OCCUPATIONAL COHORT; SELECTION; INDUSTRY; CANCER; RATIO; DEATH AB This study investigated disparities in worker mortality across race at the Savannah River site (SRS) nuclear facility in Aiken, South Carolina. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated stratified by race (Caucasian, African-American) and gender for specific causes of death, and by race, gender, duration of employment; and follow-up for overall mortality. Race-specific standardized mortality ratios for African-American male workers generally were lower than those for Caucasian male workers, although both groups showed strong healthy worker effects. Nevertheless ' African-American male workers generally had higher absolute mortality rates. Understanding why SRS African-American male workers are substantially healthier than their reference population as compared with Caucasian male workers but are less healthy in absolute terms than the SRS Caucasian male workers may provide clues for prevention or intervention. Further, the standardized mortality ratios at the SRS were lower than at the Hanford and Oak Ridge nuclear facilities, which warrants investigation. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Ctr Epidemiol Res, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wartenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 43 IS 10 BP 861 EP 871 DI 10.1097/00043764-200110000-00005 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 481XK UT WOS:000171545600005 PM 11665455 ER PT J AU Opdahl, A Somorjai, GA AF Opdahl, A Somorjai, GA TI Stretched polymer surfaces: Atomic force microscopy measurement of the surface deformation and surface elastic properties of stretched polyethylene SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy (AFM); polyethylene; surfaces; tensile deformation; surface texture ID MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DRAWN POLYETHYLENE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; POLYPROPYLENE; FRICTION AB The surface structure and surface mechanical properties of low- and high-density polyethylene were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) as the polymers were stretched. The surfaces of both materials roughened as they were stretched. The roughening effect is attributed to deformation of nodular structures, related to bulk spherulites, at the surface. The surface-roughening effect is completely reversible at tensile strains in the elastic regime and partially reversible at tensile strains in the plastic regime until the polymers are irreversibly drawn into fibers. AFM force versus distance interaction curves, used to measure changes in the stiffness of the surface and the surface elastic modulus as a function of elongation, show that the surfaces become softer as the polymers are drawn into fibers at high strains. At low elastic strains, however, the surface elastic modulus of HDPE increases-attributed to elastic energy stored by the amorphous regions. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 39 IS 19 BP 2263 EP 2274 DI 10.1002/polb.1200 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 469VY UT WOS:000170837800006 ER PT J AU Chiao, CH Hamada, M AF Chiao, CH Hamada, M TI Analyzing experiments with correlated multiple responses SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE factorial designs; fractional factorial designs; multivariate normal distribution; robust parameter design. ID SIMULTANEOUS-OPTIMIZATION; MULTIRESPONSE AB Statistically designed experiments have been employed extensively to improve product or process quality and to make products and processes robust. In this paper, we consider experiments with correlated multiple responses whose means, variances, and correlations depend on experimental factors. Analysis of these experiments consists of modeling distributional parameters in terms of the experimental factors and finding factor settings which maximize the probability of being in a specification region, i.e., all responses are simultaneously meeting their respective specifications. The proposed procedure is illustrated with three experiments from the literature. C1 Soochow Univ, Dept Business Math, Taipei, Taiwan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chiao, CH (reprint author), Soochow Univ, Dept Business Math, Taipei, Taiwan. NR 21 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 33 IS 4 BP 451 EP 465 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 480WY UT WOS:000171487600011 ER PT J AU Mihalas, D Auer, LH AF Mihalas, D Auer, LH TI On laboratory-frame radiation hydrodynamics SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE lab-frame radiation hydrodynamics; opacity distribution functions ID SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC FLOWS; RELATIVISTIC FLOWS; COORDINATE SYSTEM; EQUATION; ENERGY AB We derive and discuss the equations of radiation hydrodynamics with all radiation quantities expressed in the laboratory frame. Relativistically exact transformations from the comoving to laboratory frame are used. We obtain simple, fully covariant, expressions for the radiation energy and momentum source/sink terms using lab-frame radiation quantities. The mathematical simplicity of having lab-frame radiation quantities in conservative operators on the left-hand side is maintained. The resulting system can be solved efficiently using an Eddington tensor formulation for angular dependences, and an iterative frequency-splitting, in the spirit of the multifrequency-gray method. Use of lab-frame radiation quantities can present numerical difficulties in making an accurate connection to the diffusion limit for extremely optically thick media; but it may have no difficulty for neutron-transport problems where very large scattering-thicknesses are generally not encountered (for non-critical systems). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Grp X6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mihalas, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Grp X6, MS-D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 71 IS 1 BP 61 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00013-9 PG 37 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 467RA UT WOS:000170716500006 ER PT J AU Abdallah, J Zhang, HL Fontes, CJ Kilcrease, DP Archer, BJ AF Abdallah, J Zhang, HL Fontes, CJ Kilcrease, DP Archer, BJ TI Model comparisons for high-Z non-LTE steady-state calculations SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE non-LTE population kinetics; atomic structure; high-Z plasmas AB Advances in computer technology and code development have made it possible to perform plasma kinetics calculations based on high-Z atomic structure corresponding to different levels of detail. Various atomic models have been implemented in the Los Alamos suite of codes in recent years for performing detailed non-equilibrium kinetics calculations. These include non-relativistic configuration average models with unresolved transition arrays (UTA), detailed fine structure models including configuration interaction and intermediate coupling that are capable of achieving spectroscopic accuracy for low-Z plasmas, and fully relativistic configuration average models employing the concept of the unresolved transition array, UTA, for modeling high-Z plasmas. Fully relativistic fine structure calculations have also been implemented and used primarily for accuracy checks. In addition, the fractional occupation number method has been introduced in the relativistic structure code to reduce computational times without reducing data quality. Finally, we will discuss a method that has been developed to use the populations extracted from a non-relativistic kinetics calculation in a relativistic spectral simulation. The purpose of the present work is to compare the emission spectra predicted by the various models and methods using consistent sets of atomic electron configurations and cross-sections for a gold plasma. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Abdallah, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Kilcrease, David/0000-0002-2319-5934 NR 6 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00060-7 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300001 ER PT J AU Adams, ML Scott, HA Lee, RW Terry, JL Marmar, ES Lipschultz, B Pigarov, AY Freidberg, JP AF Adams, ML Scott, HA Lee, RW Terry, JL Marmar, ES Lipschultz, B Pigarov, AY Freidberg, JP TI Application of magnetically-broadened hydrogenic line profiles to computational modeling of a plasma experiment SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE magnetic field; numerical; plasma diagnostics; radiation transport AB Magnetically-broadened hydrogenic line profiles are used, in conjunction with a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) code, to model an optically thick phenomenon in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak fusion experiment. The line profiles, including magnetic field effects as well as Doppler and Stark broadening, have been calculated using Beline and are used in Cretin, a multi-dimensional NLTE radiation transfer code, to study the influence of a magnetic field on emergent spectrum. A midplane Alcator C-Mod multifaceted axisymmetric radiation from the edge (MARFE), in which the magnetic field strength was changed dynamically from 5.4 T down to 2.7 T, is simulated and compared with experimental data. Assuming hydrodynamic and radiative equilibrium, MARFE simulations are performed in one-dimension with fixed plasma density and temperature profiles. Magnetic broadening effects on the brightness of optically thick Lyman series lines are quantified. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Adams, ML (reprint author), MIT, NW16-230,167 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00061-9 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300002 ER PT J AU Bailey, JE Cohen, D Chandler, GA Cuneo, ME Foord, ME Heeter, RF Jobe, D Lake, P Liedahl, DA MacFarlane, JJ Nash, TJ Nielson, D Smelser, R Stygar, WA AF Bailey, JE Cohen, D Chandler, GA Cuneo, ME Foord, ME Heeter, RF Jobe, D Lake, P Liedahl, DA MacFarlane, JJ Nash, TJ Nielson, D Smelser, R Stygar, WA TI Neon photoionization experiments driven by Z-pinch radiation SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectra; photoionization; Z-pinch ID X-RAY SOURCES; MODELS AB Present-day Z-pinch experiments generate similar to2 x 10(21) erg/s peak power, similar to6 ns full-width at half-maximum X-ray bursts that provide new possibilities to study radiation -heated matter. This source is being used to investigate the production of plasmas in which photoionization dominates collisional ionization. Spectroscopic measurements of such plasmas can serve to benchmark atomic physics models of the photoionized plasmas. Beyond intrinsic interest in the atomic physics, these models will be applied to the interpretation of data from the new generation of satellite X-ray spectrographs that will promote the understanding of accretion-powered objects such as X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei. Moreover, this information is needed for X-ray laser research. Our experiments use a 1-cm-scale neon gas cell to expose 10(18) atoms/cm(3) to an X-ray flux of -5 x 10(18) erg/cm(2)/S. Thin mylar (1.5 mum) windows confine the gas and allow the radiation to flow into the cell. The ionization is monitored with absorption spectra recorded with crystal spectrometers, using the pinch as a backlight source. In initial experiments we acquired an absorption spectrum from Li- and He-like Ne, confirming the ability to produce a highly ionized neon plasma. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RP Bailey, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00065-6 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300006 ER PT J AU Burnett, PDS Chambers, DM Heading, D Machacek, A Moss, WC Rose, S Schnittker, M Lee, RW Young, P Wark, JS AF Burnett, PDS Chambers, DM Heading, D Machacek, A Moss, WC Rose, S Schnittker, M Lee, RW Young, P Wark, JS TI Modeling a sonoluminescing bubble as a plasma SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE sonoluminescence; spectra; hydrocode ID CASIMIR LIGHT; EMISSION; SPECTRA AB We present detailed simulations of the optical spectra emitted from an Argon plasma whose conditions correspond to those thought to prevail within sonoluminescing bubbles. The model incorporates detailed atomic physics based on atomic data from the Opacity Project database, and includes bound-bound, bound-free, and free-free transitions. Line broadening is treated by use of the modified semi-empirical method. The spectral model is used as a postprocessor of hydrodynamic simulations. We find good agreement with experimental spectra and accurately reproduce experimental pulse widths. We also predict that whilst the majority of the optical emission corresponds to bound-free transitions, there remains the possibility of observing line emission in both the UV and IR regions of the spectrum. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Culham Sci Ctr, JET, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burnett, PDS (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00069-3 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300010 ER PT J AU Chambers, DM Glenzer, SH Hawreliak, J Wolfrum, E Gouveia, A Lee, RW Marjoribanks, RS Renner, O Sondhauss, P Topping, S Young, PE Pinto, PA Wark, JS AF Chambers, DM Glenzer, SH Hawreliak, J Wolfrum, E Gouveia, A Lee, RW Marjoribanks, RS Renner, O Sondhauss, P Topping, S Young, PE Pinto, PA Wark, JS TI Detailed hydrodynamic and X-ray spectroscopic analysis of a laser-produced rapidly-expanding aluminium plasma SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID LINE TRANSFER; SPECTROMETER; GEOMETRY; MEDIA AB We present a detailed analysis of K-shell emission from laser-produced rapidly-expanding At plasmas. This work forms part of a series of experiments performed at the Vulcan laser facility of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK. 1-D planar expansion was obtained by over-illuminating Al-microdot targets supported on CH plastic foils. The small size of the At-plasma ensured high spatial and frequency resolution of the spectra, obtained with a single crystal spectrometer, two vertical dispersion variant double crystal spectrometers, and a vertical dispersion variant Johann Spectrometer. The hydrodynamic properties of the plasma were measured independently by spatially and temporally resolved Thomson scattering, utilizing a 4 omega probe beam. This enabled sub- and super-critical densities to be probed relative to the 1 omega heater beams. The deduced plasma hydrodynamic conditions are compared with those generated from the 1-D hydro-code Medusa, and the significant differences found in the electron temperature discussed. Synthetic spectra generated from the detailed term collisional radiative non-LTE atomic physics code Fly are compared with the experimental spectra for the measured hydrodynamic parameters, and for those taken from Medusa. Excellent agreement is only found for both the H- and He-like At series when careful account is taken of the temporal evolution of the electron temperature. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, McLennan Phys Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Chambers, DM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Renner, Oldrich/C-1591-2010 OI Renner, Oldrich/0000-0003-4942-2637 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00071-1 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300012 ER PT J AU Csanak, G Kilcrease, DP AF Csanak, G Kilcrease, DP TI Photoabsorption in hot, dense plasmas - the average atom, the spherical cell model and the random phase approximation II SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE average atom; random phase approximation; normalization AB This work is a continuation of our earlier work on the finite temperature random phase approximation (FTRPA) for inhomogeneous, finite electron systems. In the earlier work we obtained the fundamental FTRPA eigenvalue equation for the spectral amplitudes of the linear response function via the use of the Matsubara Green's function technique arrived at earlier by des Cloizeaux via the density matrix technique. In this work we show that the normalization requirement for the FTRPA spectral amplitudes obtainable via the Matsubara Green's function technique is the same as the one obtained by des Cloizeaux. Thus, the two techniques in every respect give identical equations and formulas for the FTRPA. We also derive the fundamental equations for the actual linear responses of finite temperature inhomogeneous finite electron systems to specific external perturbations in the FTRPA. This side steps the problem of normalization by the use of an inhomogeneous integro-differential equation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Csanak, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MSB212, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Kilcrease, David/0000-0002-2319-5934 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00074-7 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300015 ER PT J AU Csanak, G Meneses, GD AF Csanak, G Meneses, GD TI The finite temperature random phase approximation as a coupled-channel problem and the implementation of the single-channel random phase approximation (SCRPA) for the He atom in a finite temperature dense plasma SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE average atom; random phase approximation ID MODEL AB A theoretical approach for the description of "excited states" of an atom/ion in hot and dense plasmas is presented. It is based on the random phase approximation (RPA) for finite temperature fermion systems discussed earlier. It is shown here that after angular momentum and spin analysis are performed, the fundamental equations of the finite temperature RPA equations obtain the form of a coupled channel, coupled component integro-differential equation system, just as in the T = 0 temperature case. Subsequently, the single-channel, uncoupled component approximation is introduced. A computer code written for this approximation was tested and results for He plasma at kT = 10 eV and densities ranging from 10(18) to 10(23) atoms/cc are presented and discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13081 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Csanak, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B212, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00075-9 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300016 ER PT J AU Fajardo, M Audebert, P Yashiro, H Gauthier, JC Chenais-Popovics, C Renaudin, P Peyrusse, O Fortin, X Shepherd, R AF Fajardo, M Audebert, P Yashiro, H Gauthier, JC Chenais-Popovics, C Renaudin, P Peyrusse, O Fortin, X Shepherd, R TI Experimental and numerical study of the ionization dynamics of a nanosecond laser-produced aluminum plasma with picosecond resolution SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE laser produced plasma; NLTE kinetics; radiation-hydrodynamic simulation; X-ray spectroscopy ID INCLUDING 2-ELECTRON TRANSITIONS; ENERGY-BALANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; KINETICS; SPACE; FOILS; MODEL; WAVE AB An experimental and numerical analysis of the ionization dynamics of a freely expanding nanosecond laser-produced plasma is given. Point-projection X-ray absorption spectroscopy with picosecond time-resolution is used to provide a spatio-temporal mapping of the ion distribution. The average ionization state, calculated as a function of time and distance to the target, is used to benchmark hydrodynamics and atomic physics codes. A comparison with several codes has been performed, showing that a full description of radiation transport, 2-D effects and detailed, time-dependent, atomic physics is necessary in order to explain the experimental results. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA, CNRS,UMR 7605,Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Super Tecn, Grp Lasers & Plasmas, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Fajardo, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA, CNRS,UMR 7605,Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RI Fajardo, Marta/A-4608-2012 OI Fajardo, Marta/0000-0003-2133-2365 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 317 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00078-4 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300019 ER PT J AU Fournier, KB Young, BKF Moon, SJ Foord, ME Price, DF Shepherd, RL Springer, PT AF Fournier, KB Young, BKF Moon, SJ Foord, ME Price, DF Shepherd, RL Springer, PT TI Characterization of time resolved, buried layer plasmas produced by ultrashort laser pulses SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE laser produced plasma; ultrashort pulse laser; X-ray spectroscopy ID HIGH-DENSITY PLASMAS; COMPLEX SPECTRA; HIGH-CONTRAST; HOT; TARGETS; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; EMISSION; ALUMINUM; PROGRAM AB We report on the characterization of plasmas produced by ultrashort laser irradiation of 500 Angstrom thick layers of NaF buried at varying depths in plastic to reduce plasma gradients. The targets are irradiated with 130 fs, approximate to 170 mJ laser pulses (lambda = 400 nm) at an intensity of approximate to 2 x 10(18) W cm(-2). The data are spectrally and temporally resolved, with resolutions of lambda/Delta lambda approximate to 1000 and greater than or similar to 500 fs, respectively. We use X-ray emission spectroscopy to assess the electron density, N-e, and temperature, T-e, in the plasma. The density is measured from Stark broadened line profiles of the He-like 1 S-1-3 P-1, He-beta, and H-like Ly(beta) lines of Na, while the temperature is determined from the intensity ratio of Na He-beta to Ly(beta), and also from the dielectronic satellites to these lines. We find peak densities and temperatures of greater than or similar to 10(23) cm(-3) and approximate to 400 eV, respectively, at 2-4 ps after the laser pulse. The plasma conditions plateau near these values for 5 ps after that. Atomic data for the kinetics simulations are generated with the HULLAC suite of codes. The Stark broadened line profiles, with full accounting of satellite transitions, are computed with the TOTAL code. Self-absorption effects are included along the observation line of sight using the radiation transport code CRETIN. Steady-state, non-LTE equilibrium plasma conditions are demonstrated suggesting that buried-layer experiments can be used as a test bed to study equation of state and opacity properties in hot, near-solid density matter. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fournier, KB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L41 POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 339 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00080-2 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300021 ER PT J AU Glenzer, SH Fournier, KB Wilson, BG Lee, RW Suter, LJ AF Glenzer, SH Fournier, KB Wilson, BG Lee, RW Suter, LJ TI Ionization balance in inertial confinement fusion hohlraum plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE laser produced plasma; X-ray spectroscopy; Thomson scattering ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; X-RAY FLUX; INDIRECTLY DRIVEN; COMPLEX SPECTRA; RADIATION DRIVE; PROGRAM; RESOLUTION; TANTALUM AB We present X-ray spectroscopic measurements of the ionization balance in inertial confinement fusion hohlraums supported by 4 omega Thomson scattering diagnostics. The experimental data show agreement with non-LTE radiation-hydrodynamic calculations of the averaged Au charge state and electron temperatures. These findings are consistent with the successful integrated modeling of the hohlraum radiation fields. Comparisons with detailed synthetic spectra calculations show that the experimental ionization distribution is shifted indicating non-steady state kinetics. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00081-4 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300022 ER PT J AU Gunderson, MA Junkel-Vives, GC Hooper, CF AF Gunderson, MA Junkel-Vives, GC Hooper, CF TI A comparison of a second-order quantum mechanical and an all-order semi-classical electron broadening model SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE broadening; electron; all-order ID PLASMAS; DENSE; LINES; ARGON; IONS AB It has been argued previously that line profiles created using a quantum model to second order in the radiator-perturbing electron interaction are reasonable over a wide region of plasma temperatures and densities for K shell alpha, beta, and gamma lines of many different radiator species. Most of the results shown in this paper show that this, in general, is true. However, the results also show that when an accurate treatment of the wings of a line profile is of importance or when a significant portion of the line profile extends beyond twice the plasma frequency from line center, one must take care in using a second-order electron broadening model. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gunderson, MA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Box 118440, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00083-8 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300024 ER PT J AU Hawreliak, J Chambers, D Glenzer, S Marjoribanks, RS Notley, M Pinto, P Renner, O Sondhauss, P Steel, R Topping, S Wolfrum, E Young, P Wark, JS AF Hawreliak, J Chambers, D Glenzer, S Marjoribanks, RS Notley, M Pinto, P Renner, O Sondhauss, P Steel, R Topping, S Wolfrum, E Young, P Wark, JS TI A Thomson scattering post-processor for the MEDUSA hydrocode SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Thomson scattering; laser-produced-plasma; hydrocode ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; TEMPERATURE AB In order to understand the physical processes that occur in laser-produced plasmas it is necessary to diagnose the time-dependent hydrodynamic conditions. Thomson scattering is, in principle, an ideal diagnostic as it provides a non-intrusive method of measuring ion and electron temperature, electron density, plasma velocity, and heat flow. We describe here a post-processor for the MEDUSA hydrocode that simulates streak camera images of the Thomson spectra. The post-processor can be used in three ways: (1) creating simulated streak camera images that can be compared directly with experimental data, (2) evaluating experimental designs to determine the viability of the Thomson scattering diagnostic, and (3) as an automated data analysis routine for extracting hydrodynamic parameters from a calibrated experimental streak camera image. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, McLennan Phys Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, CZ-18040 Prague, Czech Republic. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Hawreliak, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Renner, Oldrich/C-1591-2010 OI Renner, Oldrich/0000-0003-4942-2637 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 383 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00084-X PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300025 ER PT J AU Jacobs, VL Behar, E Rozsnyai, BF AF Jacobs, VL Behar, E Rozsnyai, BF TI Autoionization phenomena in dense photoionized plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE autoionization; Auger transitions; photo-ionization; inner-shell-electron ionization; multiple-ionization; electron-ion photo-recombination; dielectronic recombination ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; MULTIPLE IONIZATION; UNIFIED DESCRIPTION; RADIATIVE EMISSION; CHARGED IONS; URANIUM IONS; RECOMBINATION; INTERFERENCE; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS AB Elementary electron-ion collisional and spontaneous radiative transitions involving autoionizing resonances play important roles in atomic ionization, recombination, and radiative-emission processes in high-temperature astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. When electron-ion collisions are dominant, the ionization structure is usually determined by the steady-state (or dynamical) balance between electron-impact ionization (including autoionization following inner-shell-electron excitation) and radiative recombination combined with dielectronic recombination. The atomic radiative-emission spectrum tends to be dominated by the electron-impact excitation of ordinary spectral lines together with dielectronic satellite lines. In photoionized plasmas, a much higher degree of ionization can be established at a lower electron temperature, particularly as a result of multiple ionization due to Auger transitions following K inner-shell-electron photo-ionization. Radiative and dielectronic recombination can occur predominantly via transitions that are usually not considered to be important, and the unified quantum-mechanical description of the combined electron-ion photo-recombination process may be necessary. The satellite-line emission produced by the radiative decay of multiple-vacancy states can be more prominent, relative to the characteristic-line emission from the decay of single-vacancy states. We have developed a multiple-vacancy-state model for single and multiple ionization, together with characteristic-line and satellite-line emission, resulting from the cascade decay (by spontaneous radiative and Auger transitions) of an arbitrary initial inner-shell-electron vacancy distribution. The initial vacancy distribution may be created by electron or photon impact. We have also developed a unified description of the combined electron-ion photo-recombination process, taking into account the quantum-mechanical interference between radiative and dielectronic recombination. Results of calculations for Fe ions are discussed, which are expected to be valid at low densities. Implications for the detailed kinetics and spectral modeling of dense photoionized plasmas are discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jacobs, VL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Code 6390-2,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 397 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00085-1 PG 20 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300026 ER PT J AU Junkel-Vives, GC Abdallah, J Blasco, F Stenz, C Salin, F Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY Auguste, T D'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P Dobosz, S AF Junkel-Vives, GC Abdallah, J Blasco, F Stenz, C Salin, F Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY Auguste, T D'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P Dobosz, S TI High resolution X-ray spectroscopy investigations of fs laser irradiated Ar clusters by varying cluster size and laser flux density SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLUSTERS; PLASMA; PULSES; EXPLOSIONS; ENERGIES; IONS AB Atomic argon clusters were created using various types of nozzles and gas jet backing pressures. High temperature plasmas were created by irradiating the clusters with high intensity 35 fs laser pulses. The data obtained from these experiments were compared with each other as well as an experiment using a longer pulse (60 fs) higher flux density laser. Detailed spectroscopic analysis of high resolution X-ray data near the He-alpha, He-beta, and Ly(alpha) lines of Ar was consistent with a two-temperature collisional-radiative model incorporating the effects of highly energetic electrons. Each variation has an effect on the rate of cluster expansion; therefore, results of the analysis provide useful insight into the behavior of such plasmas over short time scales. It was demonstrated for the first time, that by using sufficiently large clusters, hydrogen-like ions of Ar with an ionization potential of approximately 4120 eV could be obtained with a 35 fs laser pulse with a relatively low flux density of 1 x 10(17) W/cm(2). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, CELIA, CNRS, F-33405 Talence, France. VNIIFTRI, Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Ctr, Mendeleyevsk 141570, Moscow Region, Russia. Ctr Etud Saclay, Commissariat Energie Atom, DSM, DRECAM,Serv Photons Atomes & Mol, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Junkel-Vives, GC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-4,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 417 EP 430 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00086-3 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300027 ER PT J AU Kilcrease, DP Magee, NH AF Kilcrease, DP Magee, NH TI Plasma non-ideality effects on the photon-electron scattering contribution to radiative opacities SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE opacity; Thomson scattering; Compton scattering; electron degeneracy AB Photon-electron scattering (Compton and Thomson scattering) can be a significant contribution to plasma radiative opacities under conditions where the atoms in the plasma are fully ionized. For high plasma densities and low temperatures, plasma non-ideality effects due to strong coupling and electron degeneracy can lead to a reduction in the amount of photon scattering expected as compared to the ideal Compton scattering case. In the present work, we will examine some of the consequences of these non-idealities and evaluate their effects on the frequency dependent and Rosseland mean opacity. We will examine electron screening and other plasma collective effects as well as electron degeneracy as it effects both initial and final scattering states. We will examine lowest order corrections to existing scattering formulae and discuss the consequences of the next highest order corrections. Comparisons will be made with existing Los Alamos National Laboratory opacity tables for hydrogen for some specific cases where these effects produce significant changes in the Rosseland means. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kilcrease, DP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B212, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Kilcrease, David/0000-0002-2319-5934 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00088-7 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300029 ER PT J AU Landen, OL Glenzer, SH Edwards, MJ Lee, RW Collins, GW Cauble, RC Hsing, WW Hammel, BA AF Landen, OL Glenzer, SH Edwards, MJ Lee, RW Collins, GW Cauble, RC Hsing, WW Hammel, BA TI Dense matter characterization by X-ray Thomson scattering SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE dense plasmas; strongly coupled plasmas; X-rays; Thomson scattering; Compton scattering ID STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; RADIATIVELY HEATED FOAM; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ALUMINUM PLASMAS; ION-CORRELATION; SIMPLE METAL; PULSES; OPACITY; 2-TEMPERATURE AB We discuss the extension of the powerful technique of Thomson scattering to the X-ray regime for providing an independent measure of plasma parameters for dense plasmas. By spectrally resolving the scattering, the coherent (Rayleigh) unshifted scattering component can be separated from the incoherent Thomson component, which is both Compton and Doppler shifted. The free electron density and temperature can then be inferred from the spectral shape of the high-frequency Thomson scattering component. In addition, as the plasma temperature is decreased, the electron velocity distribution as measured by incoherent Thomson scattering will make a transition from the traditional Gaussian Boltzmann distribution to a density-dependent parabolic Fermi distribution. We also present a discussion for a proof-of-principle experiment appropriate for a high-energy laser facility. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Landen, OL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508,L-473, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 76 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 465 EP 478 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00090-5 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300031 ER PT J AU Langer, SH Scott, HA Marinak, MM Landen, OL AF Langer, SH Scott, HA Marinak, MM Landen, OL TI Modeling titanium line emission from ICF capsules in three dimensions SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; inertial confinement fusion; atomic line emission ID SIMULATIONS AB Hydrodynamic instabilities reduce the yield in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. Line emission from dopants placed in the capsule can be used to diagnose the extent of the instabilities. We present the results of 3D simulations of line emission from titanium placed in the inner layers of the plastic shell of an ICF capsule. The simulations show that the line emission has strong spatial variations and that peak line emission occurs at the same time as peak fusion burn. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Langer, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-22, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 479 EP 492 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00091-7 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300032 ER PT J AU More, RM Kato, T Libby, SB Faussurier, G AF More, RM Kato, T Libby, SB Faussurier, G TI Atomic processes in near-equilibrium plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE atomic kinetics; non-equilibrium thermodynamics; radiation in plasmas ID COLLISIONAL-RADIATIVE MODEL; RESPONSE MATRIX; AL IONS; IONIZATION; STATE AB A rigorous general theory based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics is developed to treat atoms in a steady-state non-equilibrium plasma with strong radiation environment. The atomic radiative properties are described by a linear response matrix, which relates the emission/absorption coefficients to the surrounding radiation environment. The response matrix is calculated by solution of the usual rate equations with special boundary conditions. There is evidence that the range of linear response is large. According to the general theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics the response matrix must be symmetric and this symmetry gives a powerful test for NLTE codes. In this paper we prove that excited-state populations in a steady-state near-LTE plasma are characterized by the principle of minimum entropy production and derive the exact formula for the response matrix. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Commissariat Engn Atom, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP More, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 505 EP 518 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00093-0 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300034 ER PT J AU Pikuz, SA Shelkovenko, TA Sinars, DB Hammer, DA Lebedev, SV Bland, SN Skobelev, Y Abdallah, J Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL AF Pikuz, SA Shelkovenko, TA Sinars, DB Hammer, DA Lebedev, SV Bland, SN Skobelev, Y Abdallah, J Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL TI Spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics of an X pinch SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X pinch; dense plasma; X-ray; X-ray imaging; X-ray spectroscopy ID POINT; PLASMA; WIRES; RAYS AB An X pinch plasma is produced by exploding two 10-50 tm diameter metal wires that cross and touch at a single point (in the form an X) using a 200-400 kA, 100 ns full-width at half-maximum current pulse. Near the original cross point of the wires a magnetically driven implosion occurs, and one or more less than or equal to 1 ns intense X-ray radiation bursts are generated. In particular, a Mo X pinch emits similar to 100 mJ of radiation in the 3-5 keV spectral band in less than or equal to 100 ps, and the spatial scale of the source is about 1 mum, indicating a volume-power density in excess of 10(21) W/cm(3). X pinch-generated X-ray bursts have been studied using several experimental techniques with high time and space resolution. Preliminary results of time-resolved spectroscopy of the X pinch plasma are presented, including a discussion of the temporal behavior of line and continuum radiation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. VNIIFTRI, Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Ctr, Mendeleyevsk 141570, Moscow Region, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. RP Hammer, DA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Pikuz, Sergey/M-8231-2015; Shelkovenko, Tatiana/M-8254-2015 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 581 EP 594 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00100-5 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300041 ER PT J AU Rozsnyai, BF AF Rozsnyai, BF TI Solar opacities SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE opacities; radiative properties; plasma radiation; atomic processes in plasmas ID MODELS AB Solar opacities are presented from the center of the Sun to the photosphere. The temperatures, densities and hydrogen mass fractions are taken from the standard solar model. For the heavy element abundance the Grevesse mixture is used. In the solar interior photoabsorption is dominated by free-free absorption and we compare two sets of opacities based on two different models for the inverse bremsstrahlung. The radiative luminosity calculated from the two sets of opacities are compared with those predicted by previous models of the standard solar model and also with the known luminosity of the Sun. Pressures, specific heats and the speed of sound in the solar plasma are also presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rozsnyai, BF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-23,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 655 EP 663 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00106-6 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300047 ER PT J AU Scott, HA AF Scott, HA TI Cretin - a radiative transfer capability for laboratory plasmas SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE atomic kinetics; radiative transfer; line transfer ID EMISSION AB This paper describes the multi-dimensional non-local thermodynamic equilibrium simulation code Cretin, Cretin self-consistently combines atomic kinetics and radiation transport in a framework suitable for modeling laboratory plasmas. This paper describes the formulations present in the code, illustrating their use in several applications. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Scott, HA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-18, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 689 EP 701 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00109-1 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300050 ER PT J AU Shepherd, R Audebert, P Chenais-Popovics, C Geindre, JP Fajardo, M Iglesias, C Moon, S Rogers, F Gauthier, JC Springer, P AF Shepherd, R Audebert, P Chenais-Popovics, C Geindre, JP Fajardo, M Iglesias, C Moon, S Rogers, F Gauthier, JC Springer, P TI Absorption of bound states in hot, dense matter SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE strongly coupled plasma; opacity; short pulse laser ID LASER-PULSES; PLASMA AB Preliminary experiments using a long pulse laser generated X-ray source to back-light a short pulse laser heated thin foil have been performed at the Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI) at Ecole Polytechnique in France. In these experiment, a 2 J, 300 ps, 532 nm. laser was used to create the X-ray back-lighter. The primary diagnostic was a von Hamos spectrograph coupled to a 500 fs X-ray streak camera (TREX-VHS) developed at LLNL. This diagnostic combines high collection efficiency (approximate to 10(-4) sr) with fast temporal response (approximate to 500 fs), allowing resolution of extremely transient spectral variations. The TREX-VHS was used to determine the time history, intensity, and spectral content of the back-lighter. The second diagnostic, Fourier domain interferometry, provides information about the position of the critical density of the target and thus the expansion hydrodynamics, laying the ground work for the plasma characterization. The plasmas were determined to be moderately to strongly coupled, resulting in absorption measurements that provide insight into bound states under such conditions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Paris 06, CEA, CNRS, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intens,UMR7605,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Shepherd, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-43, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fajardo, Marta/A-4608-2012 OI Fajardo, Marta/0000-0003-2133-2365 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00111-X PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300052 ER PT J AU Sondhauss, P Rose, SJ Lee, RW Al'miev, I Wark, JS AF Sondhauss, P Rose, SJ Lee, RW Al'miev, I Wark, JS TI Extension of the code suite FLY to a multi-cell postprocessor for hydrodynamic plasma simulation codes SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICALLY EXPANDING PLASMA; LINE TRANSFER; SPECTROSCOPY; MODEL AB The extension of the atomic kinetics code suite FLY to a multi-cell postprocessor for hydrodynamic plasma simulation codes, called SWARM is presented. First, the collisional radiative model on which FLY is based is reviewed as far as it corresponds to the model in SWARM, then more attention is paid to the differences. Multiple cell simulations require a more complicated algorithm to solve the radiative transfer problem, taking into account geometry and point of observation. The feedback of the radiation on the atomic state populations is taken into account in a more sophisticated escape factor model. Finally, the limitations of the model are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sondhauss, P (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 71 IS 2-6 BP 721 EP 728 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00112-1 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 477BB UT WOS:000171262300053 ER PT J AU Xia, Y Rao, L Rai, D Felmy, AR AF Xia, Y Rao, L Rai, D Felmy, AR TI Determining the distribution of Pu, Np, and U oxidation states in dilute NaCl and synthetic brine solutions SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS OXIDE; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; NEUTRAL SOLUTIONS; SOLUBILITY; HYDROXIDE; CONSTANTS; ACIDS AB The effect of iron powder (Fe-0) on the reduction of Pu(VI), Np(V), and U(VT) was investigated in dilute NaCl and synthetic brines. The total concentrations and oxidation states of the actinides in these solutions were monitored as functions of pC(H+), E-h, and time using techniques including Vis/Near IR absorption spectrophotometry, solvent extraction, alpha -activity counting, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). when concentrations were too low and the oxidation states could not be directly determined by spectrophotometry or solvent extraction. comparing the measured concentrations with the solubility of reference systems helped to define the final oxidation states. In general the reduction was more rapid, and could proceed further, in the dilute NaCl solution than in the brine solutions. The experimental observations can be summarized as follows: (1) in the dilute NaCl solutions (pC(H+) 7 to 12), all three actinides, Pu(VI), Np(V) and U(VI), were reduced to lower oxidation states (most likely the tetravalent state) within a few days to a few months in the presence of Fe-0; (2) in synthetic brines containing Fe-O (pC(H+) 8 to 13), the reduction of Pu(VI) was much slower than in the dilute NaCl solution. The dominant oxidation state of Pu in the brine solution was Pu(V), the concentration of which was controlled by the electrochemical potential and could probably be represented by a heterogeneous redox reaction PuO2. xH(2)O(s) reversible arrow PuO2++e(-); (3) in synthetic brines containing Fe-0(pC(H+) 8 to 13), Np(V) was probably reduced to Np(IV) and precipitated from the solution; (4) in synthetic brines containing Fe-0 (pC(H+) 8 to 13), no significant reduction of U(VI) was observed within 55 days. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rai, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 250 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 482LC UT WOS:000171576800004 ER PT J AU Hakem, NL Allen, PG Sylwester, ER AF Hakem, NL Allen, PG Sylwester, ER TI Effect of EDTA on plutonium migration SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES AB Widely present in the mixed wastes at the Hanford site, ethylenediametetraacetic acid (EDTA) can solubilize radionuclides such as plutonium and may increase their mobility in the environment. We have evaluated the sorption of Put (IV) onto Hanford soil in the presence and in the absence of EDTA through laboratory-based experiments at ambient temperature and atmosphere. The sorption ratio (R%) was determined as a function of FDTA concentration and solid-liquid ratio. The sorption decreased significantly when EDTA concentration increased. The diffusion of Pu(IV)-EDTA was relatively fast, with an effective diffusion coefficient, D-p = 3.54.10(-6) cm(2)/s at pH 5.25. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hakem, NL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, POB 808,L-231, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 250 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 482LC UT WOS:000171576800006 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A AF Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A TI Effects of the orientational superlattice on the electronic and vibrational properties of CuPt ordered GaInP alloys SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICORS 2000 Meeting CY AUG, 2000 CL KUNMING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ICORS ID GA0.5IN0.5P; ELECTROREFLECTANCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GAXIN1-XP; GAAS AB A brief review is given of studies on a new semiconductor superlattice-an orientational superlattice-observed recently in spontaneously ordered III-V alloys GaInP. New experimental data, including band edge optical transitions and Raman transitions, are presented to illustrate the unique and intrinsic properties of orientational. superlattices. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mascarenhas, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 32 IS 10 BP 831 EP 834 DI 10.1002/jrs.766 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 483CC UT WOS:000171615300008 ER PT J AU Yu, PY Martinez, G Zeman, J Uchida, K AF Yu, PY Martinez, G Zeman, J Uchida, K TI Spectroscopic study of partially ordered semiconductor heterojunction under high pressure and high magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICORS 2000 Meeting CY AUG, 2000 CL KUNMING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ICORS ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE UP-CONVERSION; CONDUCTION-BAND OFFSETS; GAINP/GAAS; GAAS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; INTERFACES; MECHANISMS; ALIGNMENT; ENERGY AB Photoluminescence upconversion (PLU) is a phenomenon in which a sample emits photons with energy higher than that of the excitation photon. This effect has been observed in many materials, including rare earth ions doped in insulating hosts and semiconductor heterostructures without using high-power lasers as the excitation source. Recently this effect has been observed also in partially CuPt-ordered GaInP2 epilayers grown on GaAs substrates. As a spectroscopic technique, PLU is particularly well suited for studying band alignment at heterojunction interfaces. The value of band offset has been determined with meV precision using magneto-photoluminescence. Using the fact that the pressure coefficient of electrons in GaAs is higher than that in GaInP2 we have been able to 'manipulate' the band offset at the GaInP/GaAs interface. By converting the band offset from type I to type II we were able to demonstrate that the efficiency of the upconversion process is greatly enhanced by a type II band offset. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MPI FKF, CNRS, Grenoble High Magnet Field Lab, Grenoble, France. Univ Electrocommun, Dept Commun & Syst, Tokyo, Japan. RP Yu, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 32 IS 10 BP 835 EP 839 DI 10.1002/jrs.763 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 483CC UT WOS:000171615300009 ER PT J AU Avila-Sakar, AJ Misaghi, S Wilson-Kubalek, EM Downing, KH Zgurskaya, H Nikaido, H Nogales, E AF Avila-Sakar, AJ Misaghi, S Wilson-Kubalek, EM Downing, KH Zgurskaya, H Nikaido, H Nogales, E TI Lipid-layer crystallization and preliminary three-dimensional structural analysis of AcrA, the periplasmic component of a bacterial multidrug efflux pump SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION PATTERNS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN EXPORT; MEMBRANE; RESISTANCE; CRYSTALS; RESOLUTION; CHANNEL; SYSTEM; IMAGES AB The multidrug efflux complex AcrAB-TolC confers intrinsic drug resistance in Escherichia coli by pumping antibiotics out of the cell. We determined a low-resolution (20 Angstrom) structure of AcrA, the periplasmic component, by electron crystallography. Expressed with a His-tag at its carboxyl-terminus, the protein bound to lipid layers containing the nickel-chelating phospholipid DOGS-NTA. Under the lipid layers, AcrA crystallized in layer group P2(1)22, with a unit cell size of 157 by 95 Angstrom and a thickness of about 100 Angstrom. The four asymmetric units in the unit cell are organized into what appears to be two rings, each with a central opening of 30 Angstrom in diameter. Within each ring, the density can be interpreted as following a pseudo-helical path, approximately 210 Angstrom long. This length matches that of monomeric AcrA in solution, previously estimated by light scattering and hydrodynamic measurements. On one side the density has a tubular shape, with a thickness of about 25 Angstrom, while on the other side the densities of the upper and lower parts of the pseudo-helical path are fused into a shield. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Avila-Sakar, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop Donner, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 09644]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 51487] NR 25 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 136 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1006/jsbi.2001.4418 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 524XT UT WOS:000174038700008 PM 11858709 ER PT J AU Ostrovsky, L Lebedev, A Matveyev, A Potapov, A Sutin, A Soustova, I Johnson, P AF Ostrovsky, L Lebedev, A Matveyev, A Potapov, A Sutin, A Soustova, I Johnson, P TI Application of three-dimensional resonant acoustic spectroscopy method to rock and building materials SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the experimental and theoretical results of applying resonant acoustic spectroscopy (RAS) to determine elastic parameters and losses in such consolidated granular materials as rock and building bricks. First, the theoretical aspects of the RAS method are outlined. A computer code for the rectangular and cylindrical samples was developed and tested. The results of experiments on specimens of rock and ceramic brick are then described. Finally, a modification of the previously published RUS algorithm is presented which permits a significant reduction in computing time for elongated samples. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America. C1 NOAA Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87501 USA. RP Ostrovsky, L (reprint author), NOAA Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 110 IS 4 BP 1770 EP 1777 DI 10.1121/1.1402255 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 481NT UT WOS:000171526400014 PM 11681357 ER PT J AU Das, S Schmoyer, R Harrison, G Hausker, K AF Das, S Schmoyer, R Harrison, G Hausker, K TI Prospects of inspection and maintenance of two-wheelers in India SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; PROGRAMS; I/M AB Two-wheeler vehicles in Delhi, India-roughly 70% of the total vehicle fleet-are responsible for a significant portion of the city's vehicle emissions and petroleum consumption. An inspection and maintenance (I/M) program that ensures vehicle emission control systems are well maintained can complement other emission reduction strategies. This paper presents the initial findings of extensive data collected on vehicle characteristics and emissions for two-wheeler vehicles operating in Delhi in a series of I/M camps conducted by the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers and various partners in late 1999. The analysis shows idle HC and CO emissions [measured in terms of parts per million (ppm) and volume % (vol %), respectively] in a slow declining trend with subsequent model years, reflecting tighter emission standards and more advanced emission technologies. The I/M benefits-3 vol % and 39% reduction in idle and mass CO, respectively; 40 vol % and 22% reduction in idle and mass HC, respectively; and a 10-20% increase in fuel efficiency-were higher than those reported in the literature. Although these benefits are substantial, any implementation strategy needs to consider cost-effectiveness. In the present study, only 10% of vehicles-contributing 22% of the total vehicle emissions-failed the idle CO standard. Fleet emissions data variability necessitates a large sample size to develop a baseline for the vehicle fleet, but a smaller, scientifically designed sample and better data collection quality could periodically track the benefits at future camps. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. PA Consulting Grp, Arlington, VA USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1391 EP 1400 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 482WC UT WOS:000171599400005 PM 11686242 ER PT J AU Srivastava, RK Sedman, CB Kilgroe, JD Smith, D Renninger, S AF Srivastava, RK Sedman, CB Kilgroe, JD Smith, D Renninger, S TI Preliminary estimates of performance and cost of mercury control technology applications on electric utility boilers SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) determined that regulation of mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants is appropriate and necessary. To aid in this determination, preliminary estimates of the performance and cost of powdered activated carbon (PAC) injection-based mercury control technologies were developed. This paper presents these estimates and develops projections of costs for future applications. Cost estimates were developed using PAC to achieve a minimum of 80% mercury removal at plants using electrostatic precipitators and a minimum of 90% removal at plants using fabric filters. These estimates ranged from 0.305 to 3.783 mills/kWh. However, the higher costs were associated with a minority of plants using hot-side electrostatic precipitators (HESPs). If these costs are excluded, the estimates range from 0.305 to 1.915 mills/kWh. Cost projections developed using a composite lime-PAC sorbent for mercury removal ranged from 0.183 to 2.270 mills/kWh, with the higher costs being associated with a minority of plants that used HESPs. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Srivastava, RK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1460 EP 1470 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 482WC UT WOS:000171599400014 PM 28086695 ER PT J AU Lewinsohn, CA Colombo, P Reimanis, I Unal, O AF Lewinsohn, CA Colombo, P Reimanis, I Unal, O TI Stresses occurring during joining of ceramics using preceramic polymers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Ultrahigh Temperature Polymer Derived Ceramics CY JUL 23-29, 2000 CL BOULDER, COLORADO ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; ADHESIVE JOINTS; THICKNESS AB This paper reviews the current literature and describes issues related to using preceramic polymer precursors for joining ceramics for high-temperature applications. In particular, the effects of precursor yield, temperature, and heating rate on the maximum stress due to shrinkage associated with conversion of preceramic precursors to covalently bonded network structures are discussed. Conditions where the joint material viscosity and the shrinkage rates are high must be avoided. Fillers and prepyrolysis of the precursor can be used to decrease the stresses that occur during processing of joints. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Appl Chem & Mat Sci, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lewinsohn, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2240 EP 2244 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 483KM UT WOS:000171634600016 ER PT J AU Singh, JP Nair, BG Renusch, DP Sutaria, MP Grimsditch, MH AF Singh, JP Nair, BG Renusch, DP Sutaria, MP Grimsditch, MH TI Damage evolution and stress analysis in zirconia thermal barrier coatings during cyclic and isothermal oxidation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL-STRESS; OXIDE SCALES; MECHANISMS; DEGRADATION; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; FLUORESCENCE; ROUGHNESS; ENGINES AB The failure mechanisms of air-plasma-sprayed ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings with various microstructures were studied by microscopic techniques after thermal cycling. The elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H) of the coatings were measured as functions of the number of thermal cycles. Initially, both E and H increased by similar to 60% with thermal cycling because of sintering effects. However, after similar to 80 cycles (0.5 h at 980 degreesC), the accumulated damage in the coatings led to a significant decrease of similar to 20% of the maximum value in both E and H. These results were correlated with stresses measured by a spectroscopic technique to understand specific damage mechanisms. Stress measurement and analysis revealed that the stress distribution in the scale was a complex function of local interface geometry and damage in the top coat. Localized variations in geometry could lead to variations in measured hydrostatic stresses from -0.25 to -2.0 GPa in the oxide scale. Protrusions of the top ZrO2 coat into the bond coat were localized areas of high stress concentration and acted as damage-nucleation sites during thermal and mechanical cycling. The net compressive hydrostatic stress in the oxide scale increased significantly as the scale spalled during thermal cycling. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Singh, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2385 EP 2393 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 483KM UT WOS:000171634600040 ER PT J AU Maria, JP Cheek, K Streiffer, S Kim, SH Dunn, G Kingon, A AF Maria, JP Cheek, K Streiffer, S Kim, SH Dunn, G Kingon, A TI Lead zirconate titanate thin films on base-metal foils: An approach for embedded high-permittivity passive components SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CAPACITORS; RESISTORS; INDUCTORS AB An approach for embedding high-permittivity dielectric thin films into glass epoxy laminate packages has been developed. Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (Pb0.85La0.15-(Zr0.52Ti0.48)(0.96)O-3, PLZT) thin films were prepared using chemical solution deposition on nickel-coated copper foils that were 50 mum thick. Sputter-deposited nickel top electrodes completed the all-base-metal capacitor stack. After high-temperature nitrogen-gas crystallization anneals, the PLZT composition showed no signs of reduction, whereas the base-metal foils remained flexible. The capacitance density was 300-400 nF/cm(2), and the loss tangent was 0.01-0.02 over a frequency range of 1-1000 kHz. These properties represent a potential improvement of 2-3 orders of magnitude over currently available embedded capacitor technologies for polymeric packages. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Motorola Adv Technol Ctr, Schaumburg, IL 60196 USA. RP Maria, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 18 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 84 IS 10 BP 2436 EP 2438 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 483KM UT WOS:000171634600050 ER PT J AU Ding, MS Xu, K Zhang, SS Amine, K Henriksen, GL Jow, TR AF Ding, MS Xu, K Zhang, SS Amine, K Henriksen, GL Jow, TR TI Change of conductivity with salt content, solvent composition, and temperature for electrolytes of LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate-ethyl methyl carbonate SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY DENSITY BATTERIES; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; DIMETHOXYETHANE; 25-DEGREES-C; CONDUCTANCE; ASSOCIATION AB We measured the electrolytic conductivities of the electrolytes of LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate-ethyl methyl carbonate at different salt contents, solvent compositions, and temperatures in the ranges of their practical values. To these data, we fitted a fourth degree trivariate polynomial and obtained a close fit. We then plotted this function as surface and contour plots in the coordinates of salt content and solvent composition for a series of temperatures. These plots showed the change of conductivity with the simultaneous changes of salt content and solvent composition and the influence of temperature on this change, thus mapping the locations for the optimal combinations of salt content and solvent composition for maximum conductivity of the electrolytes at desired temperatures. Here we also discuss and interpret qualitatively the trends found in the change of conductivity with salt content, solvent composition, and temperature, based on the dependency on the same variables of these three factors: the number of dissociated ions in the electrolyte, the dielectric constant of the solvent. and the viscosity of the electrolyte. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ding, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 45 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 54 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 148 IS 10 BP A1196 EP A1204 DI 10.1149/1.1403730 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 481CD UT WOS:000171501600023 ER PT J AU Tucker, MC Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ AF Tucker, MC Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ TI A Li-7 nuclear magnetic resonance study of metal-substituted lithium manganese oxide spinels (vol 148, pg A951, 2001) SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 148 IS 10 BP L7 EP L7 DI 10.1149/1.1403733 PG 1 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 481CD UT WOS:000171501600066 ER PT J AU Min, BJ Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Min, BJ Wang, CZ Ho, KM TI Structures and bonding properties of small Mo clusters SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LOCAL-SPIN-DENSITY; DISSOCIATION ENERGY; EXCHANGE; NITROGEN; ATOMS; CR-2 AB The structures and the binding energies of small Mo clusters from n = 2 to n = 8 are calculated within a local spin density approximation. Their ground-state structure indicates that the bonding properties of Mo atoms tend to be more directional than those of Cr or Nb atoms. This effect manifests itself in more buckling and lower symmetry in the ground-state configurations of Mo clusters. This will eventually result in different ground-state configurations compared to Cr or Nb clusters. The onset of a structural transition from a close-packed structure towards a body-centered cubic structure, as related to the appearance of a square-shaped face, is already seen in Mo-6 and in Mo-8. C1 Daegu Univ, Dept Phys, Kyungsan 712714, South Korea. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Daegu Univ, Dept Phys, Kyungsan 712714, South Korea. EM bjmin@taegu.ac.kr NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 EI 1976-8524 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 741 EP 745 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 482JR UT WOS:000171573500027 ER PT J AU Southon, J AF Southon, J TI Recent developments in the AMS measurement of cosmogenic isotopes at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop for Cosmogenic Nuclide CY MAR 20-21, 2000 CL SEOUL NATL UNIV, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA HO SEOUL NATL UNIV ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETER; ION-SOURCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; PLUTONIUM; FACILITY; PU-239; NI-63; C-14 AB Recent developments at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (CAMS/LLNL) include the commisioning of a new beam line for measurement of heavy isotopes (primarily the actinides), work on Ni-63 for neutron dosimetry, ion source upgrades, and the construction of two small spectrometers dedicated to tritium and radiocarbon measurements for biomedical applications. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr AMS, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Southon, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr AMS, L-397, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 772 EP 777 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 482JT UT WOS:000171573600005 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Kim, J Zhang, JY Oh, JH AF Miller, NL Kim, J Zhang, JY Oh, JH TI Coupled precipitation-streamflow simulations at the GAME/HUBEX site: Xixian basin SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EASTERN ASIA; RIVER-BASIN; MODEL; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE; CLOUDS; SCHEME; FLOW AB As a contribution to the GAME/HUBEX program, we used historical data and the Regional Climate System Model (RCSM) to analyze and simulate precipitation and streamflow in the Xixian basin. Historical data for the period 1982 to 1988 indicates that peak precipitation and streamflow occurs during the summer and early fall, when this region is affected by the East Asian summer monsoons and typhoons, respectively. In preparation for long-term coupled atmospheric and streamflow model simulations, we calibrated the RCSM's semi-distributed hydrologic model (TOPMODEL) for the Xixian basin using observations from 1982 to 1984 and validated for the period 1985 to 1988 with good results. Long-term hydroclimate simulations generated for the period January 1979 to December 1983 using the RCSM captured important hydroclimate characteristics of the region. The simulated seasonal precipitation and streamflow variations agree well with observations during late fall to spring. Summertime precipitation and streamflow were overestimated in the hindcast. The over-estimated precipitation may be due to the input large-scale forcing and the difficulty in simulating convective precipitation during the monsoon season using a mesoscale atmospheric model. Coupled modeling of regional climate and streamflow is a relatively new capability. Implementation of this technique to river basins in the East Asia region will result in an increased predictability of water resources for this region. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Reg Climate Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Minist Water Resources, Water Resources Informat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. Korean Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Miller, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Reg Climate Ctr, MS90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nlmiller@lbl.gov NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 79 IS 5 BP 985 EP 998 DI 10.2151/jmsj.79.985 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500KA UT WOS:000172625200003 ER PT J AU Genin, FY Salleo, A Pistor, TV Chase, LL AF Genin, FY Salleo, A Pistor, TV Chase, LL TI Role of light intensification by cracks in optical breakdown on surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID FUSED-SILICA SURFACES; LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE; OMEGA-LASER; THRESHOLD; GLASS AB The intensity distribution of an initially plane light wave incident on planar and conical surface cracks is calculated numerically by using a wave propagation computer code. The results show that light intensity enhancements caused by interference of internal reflections at the crack and the surface are very sensitive to the light polarization, the beam angle of incidence, and the crack geometry (e.g., crack width and orientation with the surface). The light intensity enhancement factor (LIEF) can locally reach 2 orders of magnitude for conical cracks of ideal shape. The electric field direction relative to the crack surfaces determines the light intensity profile around the crack. For normal-incidence illumination on the output surface, total internal reflection at the crack and the surface can occur and leads to higher LIEFs. For identical geometry and illumination conditions, a crack located on the entrance surface of an optic generates electric field enhancements that are weaker than those on the exit surface. As cracks on polished surfaces are randomly oriented, the probability for large intensity enhancements to occur is high. The model is able to predict quantitatively the magnitude of surface laser-induced damage threshold drop and damage propagation enhancement in dielectric materials that are due to cracks. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Genin, FY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-496, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 45 TC 122 Z9 148 U1 4 U2 31 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2607 EP 2616 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.18.002607 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 475XZ UT WOS:000171196500025 PM 11583279 ER PT J AU Collins, B Wein, G Philippi, T AF Collins, B Wein, G Philippi, T TI Effects of disturbance intensity and frequency on early old-field succession SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE canopy structure; clipping; establishment; Solidago; species richness ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PLANT COMMUNITY; COLONIZATION; COMPETITION; EXTINCTION AB Early old-field succession provides a model system for examining vegetation response to disturbance frequency and intensity within a manageable time scale. Disturbance frequency and intensity can interact with colonization and competition to influence relative abundance of earlier and later successional species and determine, respectively, how often and how far succession can be reset. We tested the joint effects of disturbance frequency and intensity on vegetation response (species richness. abundance, canopy structure) during the first six years of succession by clipping the dominant species (D) or all species (T) in spring and fall of each year (S), once per year in summer (Y1), each two years in summer (Y2). or each four years in summer (Y4). Vegetation response reflected disturbance effects on expansion of a later monospecific dominant perennial herb, Solidago altissima. and persistence of the early. richer flora of annuals. A more abundant and taller top Solidago canopy developed on plots clipped each 2 yr or less frequently. Plots clipped yearly or seasonally were richer, but had less abundant, shorter, and differently stratified canopy. Disturbance mediated the relative abundance of early and later successional species: however, frequency and intensity effects were not completely congruent. Persistence of a richer early successional flora increased through the most frequent disturbance (S), and was magnified by disturbance intensity. Disturbance as extreme as clipping all vegetation twice yearly did not cause a drop in species richness, but maintained the early successional community over the first six years of succession. We conclude that clipping disturbance influenced the rate of succession, but the early community could rebound through the range of disturbance frequency and intensity tested. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Collins, B (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 17 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI LANNA PA MALMEN, S-740 11 LANNA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 12 IS 5 BP 721 EP 728 DI 10.2307/3236913 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 503DV UT WOS:000172783900015 ER PT J AU Novitsky, V Rybak, N McLane, MF Gilbert, P Chigwedere, P Klein, I Gaolekwe, S Chang, SY Peter, T Thior, I Ndung'U, T Vannberg, F Foley, BT Marlink, R Lee, TH Essex, M AF Novitsky, V Rybak, N McLane, MF Gilbert, P Chigwedere, P Klein, I Gaolekwe, S Chang, SY Peter, T Thior, I Ndung'U, T Vannberg, F Foley, BT Marlink, R Lee, TH Essex, M TI Identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Gag-, Tat-, Rev-, and Nef-specific Elispot-based cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses for AIDS vaccine design SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID FULL-LENGTH CLONES; AMINO-ACID SITES; CLASS-I; HIV-1 INFECTION; CELL RESPONSES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; CORECEPTOR USAGE; ESCAPE VARIANTS; IMMUNE CONTROL AB The most severe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic is occurring in southern Africa. It is caused by HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C). In this study we present the identification and analysis of cumulative cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in the southern African country of Botswana. CTLs were shown to be an important component of the immune response to control HIV-1 infection. The definition of optimal and dominant epitopes across the HIV-1C genome that are targeted by CTL is critical for vaccine design. The characteristics of the predominant virus that causes the HIV-1 epidemic in a certain geographic area and also the genetic background of the population, through the distribution of common HLA class I alleles, might impact dominant CTL responses in the vaccinee and in the general population. The enzyme-linked immunospot (Elispot) gamma interferon assay has recently been shown to be a reliable tool to map optimal CTL epitopes, correlating well with other methods, such as intracellular staining, tetramer staining, and the classical chromium release assay. Using Elispot with overlapping synthetic peptides across Gag, Tat, Rev, and Nef, we analyzed HIV-1C-specific CTL responses of HIV-1-infected blood donors. Profiles of cumulative Elispot-based CTL responses combined with diversity and sequence consensus data provide an additional characterization of immunodominant regions across the HIV-IC genome. Results of the study suggest that the construction of a poly-epitope subtype-specific HIV-1 vaccine that includes multiple copies of immunodominant CTL epitopes across the viral genome, derived from predominant HIV-1 viruses, might be a logical approach to the design of a vaccine against AIDS. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Blood Transfus Ctr, Natl Hlth Lab, Gaborone, Botswana. Botswana Harvard Partnership HIV Res & Educ, Gaborone, Botswana. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Group T10, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Essex, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, FXB-402,651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW000004, TW00004]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI047067, AI47067, R01 AI043255, AI43255]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD37793, R01 HD037793] NR 117 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 75 IS 19 BP 9210 EP 9228 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.19.9210-9228.2001 PG 19 WC Virology SC Virology GA 470XX UT WOS:000170898600034 PM 11533184 ER PT J AU Parker, SD Wall, JS Hunter, E AF Parker, SD Wall, JS Hunter, E TI Analysis of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus Gag particles by scanning transmission electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATRIX PROTEIN; CAPSID PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS; RETROVIRAL CAPSIDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; IN-VITRO; ORGANIZATION; IMMATURE; ASSOCIATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Mason-Pfizer monkey virus immature capsids selected from the cytoplasm of baculovirus-infected cells were imaged by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The masses of individual selected Gag particles were measured, and the average mass corresponded to 1,900 to 2,100 Gag polyproteins per particle. A large variation in Gag particle mass was observed within each population measured. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hunter, E (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, BBRB 256,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-27834, R01 CA027834, R37 CA027834]; OCPHP CDC HHS [P41-PR01777] NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 75 IS 19 BP 9543 EP 9548 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.19.9543-9548.2001 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 470XX UT WOS:000170898600068 PM 11533218 ER PT J AU Burton, H AF Burton, H TI Letters to father: Suor Maria Celeste to Galileo, 1623-1633. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Burton, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 16 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 479CA UT WOS:000171385300189 ER PT J AU Hush, D Scovel, C AF Hush, D Scovel, C TI On the VC dimension of bounded margin classifiers SO MACHINE LEARNING LA English DT Article DE margin; Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension; regular simplex; fat-shattering AB In this paper we prove a result that is fundamental to the generalization properties of Vapnik's support vector machines and other large margin classifiers. In particular, we prove that the minimum margin over all dichotomies of k less than or equal to n + 1 points inside a unit ball in R-n is maximized when the points form a regular simplex on the unit sphere. We also provide an alternative proof directly in the framework of level fat shattering. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hush, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0885-6125 J9 MACH LEARN JI Mach. Learn. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 45 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1023/A:1010971905232 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 463QZ UT WOS:000170489900002 ER PT J AU Roduner, E Percival, PW Bartels, DM AF Roduner, E Percival, PW Bartels, DM TI Comment on 'Evidence for the solvation of hydrogen atoms by water' SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID ICE; DIFFUSION; MUONIUM; ISOTOPES; MU C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roduner, E (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 654 EP 654 DI 10.1002/mrc.895 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 476NH UT WOS:000171233300019 ER PT J AU Wilson, JW Cucinotta, FA Miller, J Shinn, JL Thibeault, SA Singleterry, RC Simonsen, LC Kim, MH AF Wilson, JW Cucinotta, FA Miller, J Shinn, JL Thibeault, SA Singleterry, RC Simonsen, LC Kim, MH TI Approach and issues relating to shield material design to protect astronauts from space radiation SO MATERIALS & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE galactic cosmic rays; shielding; astronauts ID HEAVY-ION FRAGMENTATION; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; CROSS-SECTIONS; MODEL; FE-56; PAST AB One major obstacle to human space exploration is the possible limitations imposed by the adverse effects of long-term exposure to the space environment. Even before human spaceflight began, the potentially brief exposure of astronauts to the very intense random solar energetic particle (SEP) events was of great concern. A new challenge appears in deep space exploration from exposure to the low-intensity heavy-ion flux of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) since the missions are of long duration and the accumulated exposures can be high. Since aluminum (traditionally used in spacecraft to avoid potential radiation risks) leads to prohibitively expensive mission launch costs, alternative materials need to be explored, An overview of the materials related issues and their impact on human space exploration will be given. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. DOE, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-3069 J9 MATER DESIGN JI Mater. Des. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 7 BP 541 EP 554 DI 10.1016/S0261-3069(01)00014-0 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 461CP UT WOS:000170347600004 PM 12194183 ER PT J AU Hatmaker, TL Das, S AF Hatmaker, TL Das, S TI Economic viability of nondestructive testing methods for testing of joints SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article ID NDT C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hatmaker, TL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1208 EP 1213 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 479TJ UT WOS:000171419400004 ER PT J AU Richardson, CJ Spicer, JB Huber, RD Thielen, P Lee, HW AF Richardson, CJ Spicer, JB Huber, RD Thielen, P Lee, HW TI High frequency laser based NDT of extreme ultraviolet lithography masks SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE high resolution laser ultrasound; testing of advanced materials; testing of thin films; picosecond ultrasonics ID FILMS; GOLD; SUPERLATTICES; DEPENDENCE; GENERATION; METALS AB Nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques with a submicron resolution are necessary to detect critical defects in new high technology structures. Reflective masks for extreme ultraviolet lithography are engineered multilayer structures that require low densities of submicron sized defects. Gigahertz frequency, laser generated ultrasound and photothermal processes induced from a subpicosecond laser pulse exhibit subnanometer depth resolution and submicron spatial resolution. The thermal and acoustic properties of a defect free extreme ultraviolet lithography mask and the identification of an isolated micron sized inclusion on a 152 mm (6 in.) mask are reported. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 93750 USA. RP Richardson, CJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Spicer, James/A-3312-2010 OI Spicer, James/0000-0002-3512-5503 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 59 IS 10 BP 1223 EP 1226 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 479TJ UT WOS:000171419400006 ER PT J AU Malik, AU Prakash, TL Ahmad, S AF Malik, AU Prakash, TL Ahmad, S TI Premature failure of MEA pump impellers in a desalination plant SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article AB After similar to10 years of operation, gray cast iron (GCI) impellers in GCI monoethnolamine (MEA) pumps were found to be corroded. They were replaced with new GCI impellers. These failed after similar to1 year of service and were replaced with stainless steel impellers. A corrosion leak occured in one of the pump casings similar to2 months later. This article explains the galvanic reactions that were involved and presents recommendations to prevent further failures. C1 Saline Water Convers Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Corros Dept, Al Jubail 31951, Saudi Arabia. Ohio State Univ, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Malik, AU (reprint author), Saline Water Convers Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Corros Dept, POB 8328, Al Jubail 31951, Saudi Arabia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 40 IS 10 BP 56 EP 59 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 565DJ UT WOS:000176353200023 ER PT J AU Bos, L Taylor, MA Wingate, BA AF Bos, L Taylor, MA Wingate, BA TI Tensor product Gauss-Lobatto points are Fekete points for the cube SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Fekete Gauss Lobatto quadrature; spectral element methods ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION AB Tensor products of Gauss-Lobatto quadrature points are frequently used as collocation points in spectral element methods. Unfortunately, it is not known if Gauss-Lobatto points exist in non-tensor-pro duct domains like the simplex. In this work, we show that the n-dimensional tensor-product of Gauss-Lobatto quadrature points are also Fekete points. This suggests a way to generalize spectral methods based on Gauss-Lobatto points to non-tensor-product domains, since Fekete points are known to exist and have been computed in the triangle and tetrahedron. In one dimension this result was proved by FeJer in 1932, but the extension to higher dimensions in non-trivial. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Math & Stat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Bos, L (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Math & Stat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 70 IS 236 BP 1543 EP 1547 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 471BJ UT WOS:000170906700010 ER PT J AU Cools, R Lyness, JN AF Cools, R Lyness, JN TI Three- and four-dimensional K-optimal lattice rules of moderate trigonometric degree SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID CUBATURE FORMULAS; VARIABLES AB A systematic search for optimal lattice rules of specified trigonometric degree d over the hypercube (0, 1)(s) has been undertaken. The search is restricted to a population K(s, delta) of lattice rules Q(A). This includes those where the dual lattice Lambda (perpendicular to) may be generated by s points h for each of which \h \ = delta = d + 1. The underlying theory, which suggests that such a restriction might be helpful, is presented. The general character of the search is described, and, for s = 3, d less than or equal to 29 and s = 4, d less than or equal to 23, a list of K-optimal rules is given. It is not known whether these are also optimal rules in the general sense; this matter is discussed. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Comp Sci, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Cools, R (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Comp Sci, Celestijnenlaan 200A, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RI Cools, Ronald/F-2768-2013 OI Cools, Ronald/0000-0002-5567-5836 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 70 IS 236 BP 1549 EP 1567 DI 10.1090/S0025-5718-01-01326-6 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 471BJ UT WOS:000170906700011 ER PT J AU Bailey, DH Broadhurst, DJ AF Bailey, DH Broadhurst, DJ TI Parallel integer relation detection: Techniques and applications SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM AB Let (x(1), x(2),...,x(n)) be a vector of real numbers. An integer relation algorithm is a computational scheme to find the n integers ak, if they exist, such that a(1)x(1) + a(2)x(2) + ... + a(n)x(n) = 0. In the past few years, integer relation algorithms have been utilized to discover new results in mathematics and physics, Existing programs for this purpose require very large amounts of computer time, due in part to the requirement for multiprecision arithmetic, yet are poorly suited for parallel processing. This paper presents a new integer relation algorithm designed for parallel computer systems, but as a bonus it also gives superior results on single processor systems. Single- and multi-level implementations of this algorithm are described, together with performance results on a parallel computer system. Several applications of these programs are discussed, including some new results in mathematical number theory, quantum field theory and chaos theory. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Open Univ, Dept Phys, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Bailey, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 50B-2239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 USA SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 70 IS 236 BP 1719 EP 1736 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 471BJ UT WOS:000170906700023 ER PT J AU Nawrocki, JG DuPont, JN Robino, CV Marder, AR AF Nawrocki, JG DuPont, JN Robino, CV Marder, AR TI The postweld heat-treatment response of simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zones in a new ferritic steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The tempering behavior of simulated coarse-grained (CG) heat-affected zones (HAZs) in two ferritic alloy steels, 2.25Cr-1Mo and HCM2S, was investigated. The hardness of HCM2S was found to be stable at longer times and higher temperatures than the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, even though the "aswelded" hardnesses were approximately equal. Both materials reached a peak secondary hardness after tempering for 5 hours at 575 degreesC. The increase in hardness of the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was due to precipitation of Fe-rich M3C carbides within the prior-austenite grains, whereas the secondary hardening in HCM2S was due to a fine dispersion of intragranular, W-rich carbides. The HCM2S steel retained its hardness at longer times and higher temperatures than 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, because of the precipitation of intragranular, W-rich carbides and V-rich MC carbides that stabilized the lath structure. This study shows that HCM2S should not be heat treated in the same way as 2.25Cr-1Mo steel and also provides a basis for defining the postweld heat treatment (PWHT) of HCM2S. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Allentown, PA 18105 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Joining & Coating Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nawrocki, JG (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Allentown, PA 18105 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2585 EP 2594 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0048-3 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 480FN UT WOS:000171451500017 ER PT J AU Branagan, DJ Swank, WD Haggard, DC Fincke, JR AF Branagan, DJ Swank, WD Haggard, DC Fincke, JR TI Wear-resistant amorphous and nanocomposite steel coatings SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE INCONEL-718; NANOSCALE MATERIALS; THERMAL SPRAY; DEPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; NI AB In this article, amorphous and nanocomposite thermally deposited steel coatings have been formed by using both plasma and high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying techniques. This was accomplished by developing a specialized iron-based composition with a low critical cooling rate (approximate to 10(4) K/s) for metallic glass formation, processing the alloy by inert gas atomization to form micron-sized amorphous spherical powders, and then spraying the classified powder to form coatings. A primarily amorphous structure was formed in the as-sprayed coatings, independent of coating thickness. After a heat treatment above the crystallization temperature (568 degreesC), the structure of the coatings self-assembled (i.e., devitrified) into a multiphase nanocomposite micro structure with 75 to 125 nm grains containing a distribution of 20 nm second-phase grain-boundary precipitates. Vickers microhardness testing revealed that the amorphous coatings were very hard (10.2 to 10.7 GPa), with further increases in hardness after devitrification (11.4 to 12.8 GPa). The wear characteristics of the amorphous and nanocomposite coatings were determined using both two-body pin-on-disk and three-body rubber wheel wet-slurry sand tests. The results indicate that the amorphous and nanocomposite steel coatings are candidates for a wide variety of wear-resistant applications. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Branagan, DJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 17 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 8 U2 36 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2615 EP 2621 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0051-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 480FN UT WOS:000171451500020 ER PT J AU Rector, DM George, JS AF Rector, DM George, JS TI Continuous image and electrophysiological recording with real-time processing and control SO METHODS LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE; INTRINSIC SIGNALS; VISUAL-CORTEX; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; RAT; ORGANIZATION; ACQUISITION; RESPONSES AB Collecting continuous video together with multichannel electrophysiological data and other experimental modalities requires high bandwidth and storage capacities, as well as accurate synchronization to detect correlations between different recorded events. Often, experiments are highly complex, with many variables requiring immediate analysis and feedback during the course of the experiment. In addition, output channels require real-time control with high time resolution. We have explored several approaches to a system that can perform the above functions. The design of our system considered a number of issues, including time intervals between control and acquisition events, longest continuous recording period, data transfer bottleneck considerations, file archiving and format, and real-time display and processing. To demonstrate the system, we describe an experiment for characterizing rapid evoked scattered light changes in neural tissue, in vivo, using simultaneous electronic image acquisition and electrophysiological recording. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP George, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Div Phys, P-21,MS-D454,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD OCT PY 2001 VL 25 IS 2 BP 151 EP 163 DI 10.1006/meth.2001.1232 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 518YW UT WOS:000173696900003 PM 11812203 ER PT J AU Holden, PA Hersman, LE Firestone, MK AF Holden, PA Hersman, LE Firestone, MK TI Water content mediated microaerophilic toluene biodegradation in arid vadose zone materials SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; OXYGEN; DEGRADATION; CULTURES; XYLENE; DEEP AB We investigated the conditions promoting toluene biodegradation for gasoline-contaminated nearsurface (0.6 m depth) and subsurface (4.7 to 5.0 m depth) vadose zone soils sampled from an and environment. At both depths, water addition was required for toluene biodegradation to occur. In near-surface samples, no inorganic nutrient addition was necessary and (i) biodegradation was fastest at 0.0 MPa, (ii) biodegradation rates decreased with decreasing water potential down to -1.0 MPa, and (iii) biodegradation was undetectable at -1.5 MPa. For subsurface material, toluene depletion was stimulated either by slurrying with a nutrient solution or by adjusting the moisture content to 20% (0.0 MPa) with nutrient solution and lowering the oxygen concentration (to effectively 1 mg L-1 in the aqueous phase). Thus, in the subsurface material, toluene depletion was microaerobic and nutrient-limited, occurring only under low oxygen and with inorganic nutrient addition. Our studies implicate microaerophily as an important characteristic of the toluene-degrading communities in these dry soils, with soil water as a primary controller of oxygen availability. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holden, PA (reprint author), Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 4670 Phys Sci Bldg N, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM holden@bren.ucsb.edu NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 EI 1432-184X J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3 BP 256 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s00248-001-0010-3 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 488WZ UT WOS:000171961000005 ER PT J AU Wohl, DL McArthur, JV AF Wohl, DL McArthur, JV TI Aquatic actinomycete-fungal interactions and their effects on organic matter decomposition: A microcosm study SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL DEGRADATION; LEAVES; ENZYMES; STREAM; ROOT AB The role of fungi in the decomposition of organic matter in streams has been well examined, although the role of bacterial antagonists in such processes has gained little attention. To examine bacterial-fungal interactions, experiments involving pairwise combinations of four actinomycete isolates (A1+ and A2+ could remove chitin from chitin-containing media, and A1- and A2- could not) and two fungal isolates (F+ a true fungus, F- an oomycote) were conducted. For each bacterial-fungal combination, 250-ml microcosms were sampled at 8 day intervals for 32 days. Microbial biomass and organic matter, as well as the activities of five extracellular enzymes, were measured. Each experiment consisted of a control group and four treatment groups. Controls comprised sterilized stream water and macrophytes. The first treatment was inoculated with only actinomycetes (similar to 10(3) cells ml(-1)), the second treatment was inoculated with only fungi (similar to 10(2) cells ml(-1)), the third group was inoculated simultaneously with actinomycetes and fungi, and the fourth group was inoculated with actinomycetes 2 days after fungal establishment. For all combinations, the lowest rates of organic matter decomposition were expected in the controls, as a result of only physical degradation. In contrast, the greatest rates of organic matter decomposition were predicted in treatments inoculated with F+ 2 days prior to A1- or A2-. Greater than 50% of the organic matter was decomposed in each of the fungal treatments. Fungal-actinomycete interactions resulted in reduced fungal biomass relative to the fungal-only treatments. However, when inoculated 2 days apart, combinations of F- and actinomycetes resulted in enhanced rates of organic matter decomposition, as well as greater levels of extracellular enzyme activities. These results demonstrate that actinomycete-fungal interactions and their colonization dynamics affect the accumulation of biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, and rates of organic matter decomposition. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Inst Ecol, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Wohl, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Inst Ecol, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3 BP 446 EP 457 DI 10.1007/s00248-001-0005-0 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 488WZ UT WOS:000171961000023 ER PT J AU Bonhomme, F Thoma, SG Rodriguez, MA Nenoff, TM AF Bonhomme, F Thoma, SG Rodriguez, MA Nenoff, TM TI Piperazine templated 3D fluorogallophosphate: synthesis and characterization of Ga-5(PO4)(5)F-4 center dot 2[N2C4H12] SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE fluorinated gallium phosphate; open framework; solvothermal synthesis; structure determination ID OXYFLUORINATED MICROPOROUS COMPOUNDS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FLUORINATED GALLOPHOSPHATE; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; IN-SITU; GALLIUM PHOSPHATE; CHANNELS; PARAMETERS; SOLIDS AB A new 3D open-framework fluorogallophosphate, Ga-5(PO4)(5)F-4.2[N2C4H12], was synthesized solvothermally using either 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane or piperazine as a templating agent. The structure as determined from low-temperature (-105 degreesC) X-ray single crystal diffraction is orthorhombic, with space group Pccn, a = 12.232(2) Angstrom, b = 12.268(2) Angstrom, c = 16.392(3) Angstrom, V = 2460 Angstrom (3) and Z = 4. The 3D framework is built-up by corner linked PO4 tetrahedra, GaO4F trigonal bipyramids and GaO4F2 octahedra. The building block of the structure is an hexameric unit of composition 0.5 [Ga(PO4)](5)F-4. The organic template molecules reside in cavities formed by the intersection of eight member channels running along [1 0 0] and irregular pores parallel to [0 0 1]. The crystalline framework remains stable up to 350 degreesC under oxygen. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Monitoring & Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Monitoring & Characterizat Dept, POB 5800,MS 0755, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 47 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S1387-1811(01)00375-4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 478HV UT WOS:000171341700007 ER PT J AU Kajava, AV Cheng, N Cleaver, R Kessel, M Simon, MN Willery, E Jacob-Dubuisson, F Locht, C Steven, AC AF Kajava, AV Cheng, N Cleaver, R Kessel, M Simon, MN Willery, E Jacob-Dubuisson, F Locht, C Steven, AC TI Beta-helix model for the filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin of Bordetella pertussis and related bacterial secretory proteins SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PECTATE LYASE-C; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TAILSPIKE PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; VIRULENCE FACTOR; HEMAGGLUTININ; MOTIF; ADHERENCE AB Bordetella pertussis establishes infection by attaching to epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. One of its adhesins is filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), a 500-Angstrom -long secreted protein that is rich in beta -structure and contains two regions, R1 and R2, of tandem 19-residue repeats. Two models have been proposed in which the central shaft is (i) a hairpin made up of a pairing of two long antiparallel beta -sheets; or (ii) a beta -helix in which the polypeptide chain is coiled to form three long parallel beta -sheets. We have analysed a truncated variant of FHA by electron microscopy (negative staining, shadowing and scanning transmission electron microscopy of unstained specimens): these observations support the latter model. Further support comes from detailed sequence analysis and molecular modelling studies. We applied a profile search method to the sequences adjacent to and between R1 and R2 and found additional 'covert' copies of the same motifs that may be recognized in overt form in the R1 and R2 sequence repeats. Their total number is sufficient to support the tenet of the beta -helix model that the shaft domain - a 350 Angstrom rod - should consist of a continuous run of these motifs, apart from loop inserts. The N-terminus, which does not contain such repeats, was found to be weakly homologous to cyclodextrin transferase, a protein of known immunoglobulin-like structure. Drawing on crystal structures of known beta -helical proteins, we developed structural models of the coil motifs putatively formed by the R1 and R2 repeats. Finally, we applied the same profile search method to the sequence database and found several other proteins - all large secreted proteins of bacterial provenance - that have similar repeats and probably also similar structures. C1 NIAMSD, Struct Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAMSD, Ctr Mol Modeling, Ctr Informat Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Pasteur, INSERM, U447, F-59019 Lille, France. RP Steven, AC (reprint author), NIAMSD, Struct Biol Lab, Bldg 6,Room B2-34,MSC 2717, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Kajava, Andrey/E-1107-2014 OI Kajava, Andrey/0000-0002-2342-6886 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 01777] NR 59 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 2 BP 279 EP 292 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02598.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 491FV UT WOS:000172098700001 PM 11703654 ER PT J AU Wu, JC Sundaresan, G Iyer, M Gambhir, SS AF Wu, JC Sundaresan, G Iyer, M Gambhir, SS TI Noninvasive optical imaging of firefly luciferase reporter gene expression in skeletal muscles of living mice SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; skeletal muscle; luciferase; CCD camera; reporter gene imaging; gene therapy ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IN-VIVO; ADENOVIRAL VECTORS; BIOLUMINESCENT REPORTER; SYSTEMIC DELIVERY; PLASMID DNA; THERAPY; ANIMALS; MOUSE AB The ability to monitor reporter gene expression noninvasively offers significant advantages over current techniques such as postmortem tissue staining or enzyme activity assays. Here we demonstrate a novel method of repetitively tracking in vivo gene expression of firefly luciferase (FL) in skeletal muscles of mice using a cooled charged coupled device (CCD) camera. We first show that the cooled CCD camera provides consistent and reproducible results within +/- 8% standard deviation from mean values, and a detection sensitivity (range tested: 1 X 10(4) - 1 X 10(9) plaque forming units (pfu)) of 1 X 10(6) pfu of E1 -deleted adenovirus expressing FL driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter (Ad-CMV-PL). The duration and magnitude of adenoviral mediated (1 X 10(9) pfu) FL gene expression were then followed over time. FL gene expression in immunocompetent Swiss Webster mice peaks within the first 48 hours, falls by 98% after 20 days, and persists for > 150 days. In contrast, FL activity in nude mice remains elevated for > 110 days. Finally, transduced Swiss Webster and nude mice were sacrificed to show that the in vivo CCD signals correlate well with in vitro luciferase enzyme assays (r(2) = 0.91 and 0.96, respectively). Our findings demonstrate the ability of the cooled CCD camera to sensitively and noninvasively track the location, magnitude, and persistence of FL gene expression. Monitoring of gene therapy studies in small animals may be aided considerably with further extensions of this technique. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Crump Inst Mol Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Gambhir, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Crump Inst Mol Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 1P50CA86306-01, P50 CA086306, R01 CA082214, R01 CA82214-01, R24 CA092865, R24CA92865-1] NR 46 TC 200 Z9 208 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 4 IS 4 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1006/mthe.2001.0460 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 479KH UT WOS:000171403200006 PM 11592831 ER PT J AU Jarvis, MJ Rawlings, S Lacy, M Blundell, KM Bunker, AJ Eales, S Saunders, R Spinrad, H Stern, D Willott, CJ AF Jarvis, MJ Rawlings, S Lacy, M Blundell, KM Bunker, AJ Eales, S Saunders, R Spinrad, H Stern, D Willott, CJ TI A sample of 6C radio sources designed to find objects at redshift z > 4 - II. Spectrophotometry and emission-line properties SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; radio continuum : galaxies ID COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; OPTICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; NUCLEI; GAS AB This is the second in a series of three papers that present and interpret basic observational data on the 6C* 151-MHz radio sample: a low-frequency selected sample that exploits filtering criteria based on radio properties (steep spectral index and small angular size) to find radio sources at redshift z > 4 within a 0.133-sr patch of sky. We present results of a programme of optical spectroscopy that has yielded redshifts in the range 0.5 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 4.4 for the 29 sources in the sample, all but six of which are secure. We find that the filtering criteria used for 6C* are very effective in excluding the low-redshift, low-luminosity radio sources: the median redshift of 6C* is z approximate to 1.9 compared with z approximate to 1.1 for a complete sample matched in 151-MHz flux density. By combining the emission-line data set for the 6C* radio sources with those for the 3CRR, 6CE and 7CRS samples we establish that z greater than or equal to 1.75 radio galaxies follow a rough proportionality between Ly alpha and 151-MHz luminosity, which, like similar correlations seen in samples of lower redshift radio sources, is indicative of a primary link between the power in the source of the photoionizing photons (most likely a hidden quasar nucleus) and the power carried by the radio jets. We argue that radio sources modify their environments and that the range of emission-line properties seen is determined more by the range of source age than by the range in ambient environment. The smallest z > 1.75 radio galaxies have all the properties expected if the size distribution of luminous high-redshift steep-spectrum radio sources reflects a broad range (similar to2 dex) of source ages with a narrower range (less than or similar to1.5 dex) of environmental densities, namely: (1) high-ionization lines, e.g. Ly alpha of relatively low luminosity; (2) boosted low-ionization lines, e.g. C II]; (3) spatially compact emission-line regions; and (4) HI-absorbed Ly alpha profiles. This is in accord with the idea that all high-redshift, high-luminosity radio sources are triggered in similar environments, presumably recently collapsed massive structures. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF2 3YB, S Glam, Wales. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM jarvis@strw.leidenuniv.nl NR 61 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 326 IS 4 BP 1563 EP 1584 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2001.04726.x PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480DH UT WOS:000171446400035 ER PT J AU Zhong, SY Whiteman, CD Bian, XD Shaw, WJ Hubbe, JM AF Zhong, SY Whiteman, CD Bian, XD Shaw, WJ Hubbe, JM TI Meterological processes affecting the evolution of a wintertime cold air pool in the Columbia Basin SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STABLE LAYERS; MODEL AB Meteorological mechanisms affecting the evolution of a persistent wintertime cold air pool that began on 2 January and ended on 7 January 1999 in the Columbia basin of eastern Washington were investigated using a mesoscale numerical model together with limited observations. The mechanisms include surface radiative cooling and heating, large-scale subsidence, temperature advection, downslope warming in the lee of a major Mountain barrier, and low-level cloudiness. The cold pool began when cold air accumulated over the basin floor on a clear night and was maintained by a strong capping inversion resulting from a rapid increase of air temperatures above (lie cold pool. This increase of temperatures aloft was produced primarily by downslope warming associated with strong westerly winds descending the lee slopes of the north-south-oriented Cascade Mountains that form (lie western boundary of the Columbia basin. While the inversion cap at the top of the cold pool descended with time as the westerly flow intensified, the air temperature inside the cold pool exhibited little variation because of the fog and stratus accompanying the cold pool. Although the low-level clouds reduced the diurnal temperature oscillations inside the pool, their existence was not critical to maintaining the cold pool because surface radiative heating on a midwinter day was insufficient to completely destroy the temperature deficit in the persistent inversion. The presence of low-level clouds becomes much more critical for the maintenance of persistent cold pool.,, in the spring and, perhaps, the fall seasons when insolation is much stronger than in midwinter. The cold pool was destroyed by cold air advection aloft, which weakened and eventually removed the strong inversion cap, and by art unstable boundary layer that grew upward from the heated ground after the dissipation of low-level clouds. Finally, erosion of the cold pool from above by turbulent mixing produced by vertical wind shear at the interface between quiescent air within the pool and stronger winds aloft was found to be insignificant for this case. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhong, SY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 129 IS 10 BP 2600 EP 2613 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2600:MPATEO>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474VP UT WOS:000171127800009 ER PT J AU Gruen, DM AF Gruen, DM TI Ultrananocrystalline diamond in the laboratory and the cosmos SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY NOV 28-29, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Mat Res Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; MICROWAVE PLASMAS; PROTOPLANETARY NEBULAE; FILM GROWTH; C-60; ADDITIONS; DICARBON; CARBON C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gruen, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 26 IS 10 BP 771 EP 776 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 485YW UT WOS:000171791900018 ER PT J AU Barbour, JC AF Barbour, JC TI MRS featured volunteer SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barbour, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 26 IS 10 BP 803 EP 803 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 485YW UT WOS:000171791900022 ER PT J AU Bakkers, EPAM Hens, Z Zunger, A Franceschetti, A Kouwenhoven, LP Gurevich, L Vanmaekelbergh, D AF Bakkers, EPAM Hens, Z Zunger, A Franceschetti, A Kouwenhoven, LP Gurevich, L Vanmaekelbergh, D TI Shell-tunneling Spectroscopy of the single-particle energy levels of insulating quantum dots SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOPOTENTIAL CALCULATIONS; ADDITION SPECTRA; ELECTRON; NANOCRYSTALS; INAS; INP AB The energy levels of CdSe quantum dots are studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. By varying the tip-dot distance, we switch from "shell-filling" spectroscopy (where electrons accumulate in the dot and experience mutual repulsion) to "shell-tunneling" spectroscopy (where electrons tunnel, one at a time, through the dot). Shell-tunneling spectroscopy provides the single-particle energy levels of the CdSe quantum dot. The results of both types of tunneling spectroscopy are compared with pseudopotential many-body calculations. C1 Univ Utrecht, Debye Res Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-5600 GA Delft, Netherlands. Delft Univ Technol, ERATO, Mesoscop Correlat Project, NL-5600 GA Delft, Netherlands. RP Univ Utrecht, Debye Res Inst, POB 80000, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM Daniel@phys.uu.nl RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; Hens, Zeger/J-6366-2013; Vanmaekelbergh, Daniel/G-2104-2010; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; Gurevich, Leonid/R-4984-2016; OI Gurevich, Leonid/0000-0002-5777-2541 NR 20 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 1 IS 10 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1021/nl015572b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 519JG UT WOS:000173721600008 ER PT J AU Kuno, M Fromm, DP Gallagher, A Nesbitt, DJ Micic, OI Nozik, AJ AF Kuno, M Fromm, DP Gallagher, A Nesbitt, DJ Micic, OI Nozik, AJ TI Fluorescence intermittency in single InP quantum dots SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CDSE/CDS CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; JUMPS; MOLECULES; BLINKING; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; INTENSITY; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR AB Fluorescence "blinking" kinetics of isolated colloidal InP quantum dots (QDs) are investigated via confocal single molecule microscopy. Analysis of fluorescence trajectories reveals inverse power law behavior (proportional to 1/tau(m)) in on/off time probability densities with m(on) approximate to 2.0(2) and m(off) approximate to 1.5(1). Such an inverse power law in both on/off times is inconsistent with a static distribution of electron/hole trapping sites and highlights the role of fluctuations in the OD nanoenvironment. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Kuno, Masaru/K-2673-2012; Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 37 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 1 IS 10 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1021/nl010049i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 519JG UT WOS:000173721600009 ER PT J AU Bissell, MJ Radisky, D AF Bissell, MJ Radisky, D TI Putting tumours in context SO NATURE REVIEWS CANCER LA English DT Review ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR; BASOLATERAL PDZ PROTEIN; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; HUMAN-MELANOMA CELLS; ROUS-SARCOMA VIRUS; IN-VIVO; BONE-MARROW AB The interactions between cancer cells and their micro- and macroenvironment create a context that promotes tumour growth and protects it from immune attack. The functional association of cancer cells with their surrounding tissues forms a new 'organ' that changes as malignancy progresses. Investigation of this process might provide new insights into the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and could also lead to new therapeutic targets. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-11, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-05, U01 CA143233, U01 CA143233-01, U54 CA112970, U54 CA112970-01, U54 CA126552, U54 CA126552-01, U54 CA143836, U54 CA143836-01] NR 150 TC 1237 Z9 1289 U1 7 U2 89 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1474-175X J9 NAT REV CANCER JI Nat. Rev. Cancer PD OCT PY 2001 VL 1 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1038/35094059 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 635KA UT WOS:000180397000013 PM 11900251 ER PT J AU Brzovic, PS Rajagopal, P Hoyt, DW King, MC Klevit, RE AF Brzovic, PS Rajagopal, P Hoyt, DW King, MC Klevit, RE TI Structure of a BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimeric RING-RING complex SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINGER DOMAIN; BRCA1; PROTEIN; NMR; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM AB The RING domain of the breast and ovarian cancer tumor suppressor BRCA1 interacts with multiple cognate proteins, including the RING protein BARD1. Proper function of the BRCA1 RING domain is critical, as evidenced by the many cancer-predisposing mutations found within this domain. We present the solution structure of the heterodimer formed between the RING domains of BRCA1 and BARD1. Comparison with the RING homodimer of the V(D)J recombination-activating protein RAG1 reveals the structural diversity of complexes formed by Interactions between different RING domains. The BRCA1-BARD1 structure provides a model for its ubiquitin ligase activity, illustrates how the BRCA1 RING domain can be involved in associations with multiple protein partners and provides a framework for understanding cancer-causing mutations at the molecular level. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Biomol Struct Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Klevit, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Hoyt, David/H-6295-2013 NR 30 TC 274 Z9 280 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 833 EP 837 DI 10.1038/nsb1001-833 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 478VB UT WOS:000171365100008 PM 11573085 ER PT J AU He, YN Chipman, PR Howitt, J Bator, CM Whitt, MA Baker, TS Kuhn, RJ Anderson, CW Freimuth, P Rossmann, MG AF He, YN Chipman, PR Howitt, J Bator, CM Whitt, MA Baker, TS Kuhn, RJ Anderson, CW Freimuth, P Rossmann, MG TI Interaction of coxsackievirus B3 with the full length coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR RECEPTOR; VIRUS; BINDING; TYPE-2; CAR; MICROSCOPY; POLIOVIRUS; MECHANISM; SEROTYPES; MODELS AB Group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) utilize the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) to recognize host cells. CAR is a membrane protein with two Ig-like extracellular domains (D1 and D2), a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. The three-dimensional structure of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in complex with full length human CAR and also with the D1D2 fragment of CAR were determined to similar to 22 Angstrom resolution using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Pairs of transmembrane domains of CAR associate with each other in a detergent cloud that mimics a cellular plasma membrane. This is the first view of a virus-receptor interaction at this resolution that includes the transmembrane and cytoplasmic portion of the receptor. CAR binds with the distal end of domain D1 in the canyon of CVB3, similar to how other receptor molecules bind to entero- and rhinoviruses. The previously described interface of CAR with the adenovirus knob protein utilizes aside surface of D1. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mol Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Rossmann, MG (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI045976]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM033050] NR 33 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 874 EP 878 DI 10.1038/nsb1001-874 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 478VB UT WOS:000171365100016 PM 11573093 ER PT J AU Adams, JM Ageladarakis, P Alper, B Altmann, H Arshad, S Bainbridge, N Balet, B Baranov, Y Barker, P Barnsley, R Bartlett, DV Begue, ML Bell, AC Bertalot, L Bertolini, E Beurskens, M Bevil, C Bickley, AJ Bigi, M Bird, S Blackler, K Bond, D Borba, D Brandon, M Brelen, H Brennan, P Brewerton, WJ Brix, M Browne, ML Budd, T Budny, R Butcher, P Buttery, R Caldwell-Nichols, C Campling, D Card, P Challis, CD Chankin, AV Charlet, M Chen, H Chiron, D Christiansen, J Ciric, D Clement, S Coad, JP Coffey I Conroy, S Conway, G Cooper, S Cordey, JG Corrigan, G Cottrell, G Cox, R Cox, SJ Crisanti, F Cusack, R Davies, N Davies, SJ Davis, JJ de Angelis, R de Antonis, P DeBaar, M de Benedetti, M Deliyanakis, N Dines, A Dmitrenko, SL Dobbing, J Dolgetta, N Dorling, SE Duquenoy, H Edwards, AM Elsmore, CG Ellis, J Erents, SK Ericsson, G Esposito, B Falter, H Farthing, JW Fasoli, A Felton, R Ferrieres, P Fessey, J Fichtmuller, M Fullard, K Gadeberg, M Garbil, R Gibson, A Gill, RD Giovannozzi, E Giroud, C Godden, D Goff, JK Gondhalekar, A Goodyear, A Gormezano, C Gowers, C Griph, FS Groth, M Guenther, K Guo, H Haigh, A Haist, B Hamilton, D Hancock, CJ Harbour, PJ Harling, JDW Hawkes, NC Hawkes, NP Heading, D Heeter, RF Hemmerich, JL Hemming, ON Hender, T Hitchin, M Hogben, CHA Horton, L Howie, J Huart, M Ingesson, C Jacquinot, J Jaeckel, H Jaeger, JF Jarvis, ON Jeral, JP Joffrin, E Johnson, M Jones, EM Jones, TTC Junger, JF Jupen, C Kallne, J Kaye, A Keilhacker, M Kidd, NG Knight, P Knipe, S Korotkov, A Kupschus, P LaHaye, R Lamalle, P Last Jr Lawson, K Lennholm, M Lescure, C Lingertat, J Litaudon X Lomas, PJ Lowry, C Lucock, RMA Maas, AC Maddison, G Maget, P Maggi, CF Mailloux, J Mantsinen, M Mart, J Martin, D Matthews, G Mazon, P McCracken, G McCullen, PA McDonald, D Meigs, A Middleton, R Miele, P Milani, F Mills, J Morgan, P Nave, F Newbert, G Nielsen, P Noll, P Norman, K O'Mullane, M Oord, E Orchard, J Parail, VV Parkin, A Parsons, W Patel, B Paynter, A Pearce, RJH Perevezentsev, A Pick, MA Plancoulaine, J Podda, S Pogutse, O Prentice, R Purahoo, K Rainford, M Rapp, J Riccardo V Richardson, S Righi, E Rimini, F Robson, D Rolfe, A Romanelli, M Roquemore, AL Ross, RT Saibene, G Sarazin, Y Sartori, F Sartori, R Schild, P Schilham, A Schmid, M Schmidt V Sharapov, S Shaw Sr Sibley, A Simon, M Sips, ACC Smeulders, P Solano, E Soldner, F Spence, J Stafford-Allen, R Stagg, R Stamp, M Stangeby, P Stevens, AL Stork, D Stott, PE Strachan, JD Strait, EJ Stratton, BC Stubberfield, P Summers, D Summers, HP Svensson, P Tabellini, M Tait, J Tala, T Tanga, A Taroni, A Testa, DS Thomas, PR Thomsen, H Thomsen, K Todd, JM Traneus, E Tuccillo, A Tunklev, M Twynam, P von Hellermann, M Wade, T Walden, A Walton, R Ward, D Watkins, ML Watkins, N Watson, MJ Wheatley, MR Whitehurst, A Wilson, CH Wilson, D Wilson, HR Winkel, T Young, D Young, ID Zastrow, KD Zerbini, M AF Adams, JM Ageladarakis, P Alper, B Altmann, H Arshad, S Bainbridge, N Balet, B Baranov, Y Barker, P Barnsley, R Bartlett, DV Begue, ML Bell, AC Bertalot, L Bertolini, E Beurskens, M Bevil, C Bickley, AJ Bigi, M Bird, S Blackler, K Bond, D Borba, D Brandon, M Brelen, H Brennan, P Brewerton, WJ Brix, M Browne, ML Budd, T Budny, R Butcher, P Buttery, R Caldwell-Nichols, C Campling, D Card, P Challis, CD Chankin, AV Charlet, M Chen, H Chiron, D Christiansen, J Ciric, D Clement, S Coad, JP Coffey, I Conroy, S Conway, G Cooper, S Cordey, JG Corrigan, G Cottrell, G Cox, R Cox, SJ Crisanti, F Cusack, R Davies, N Davies, SJ Davis, JJ de Angelis, R de Antonis, P DeBaar, M de Benedetti, M Deliyanakis, N Dines, A Dmitrenko, SL Dobbing, J Dolgetta, N Dorling, SE Duquenoy, H Edwards, AM Elsmore, CG Ellis, J Erents, SK Ericsson, G Esposito, B Falter, H Farthing, JW Fasoli, A Felton, R Ferrieres, P Fessey, J Fichtmuller, M Fullard, K Gadeberg, M Garbil, R Gibson, A Gill, RD Giovannozzi, E Giroud, C Godden, D Goff, JK Gondhalekar, A Goodyear, A Gormezano, C Gowers, C Griph, FS Groth, M Guenther, K Guo, H Haigh, A Haist, B Hamilton, D Hancock, CJ Harbour, PJ Harling, JDW Hawkes, NC Hawkes, NP Heading, D Heeter, RF Hemmerich, JL Hemming, ON Hender, T Hitchin, M Hogben, CHA Horton, L Howie, J Huart, M Ingesson, C Jacquinot, J Jaeckel, H Jaeger, JF Jarvis, ON Jeral, JP Joffrin, E Johnson, M Jones, EM Jones, TTC Junger, JF Jupen, C Kallne, J Kaye, A Keilhacker, M Kidd, NG Knight, P Knipe, S Korotkov, A Kupschus, P LaHaye, R Lamalle, P Last, JR Lawson, K Lennholm, M Lescure, C Lingertat, J Litaudon, X Lomas, PJ Lowry, C Lucock, RMA Maas, AC Maddison, G Maget, P Maggi, CF Mailloux, J Mantsinen, M Mart, J Martin, D Matthews, G Mazon, P McCracken, G McCullen, PA McDonald, D Meigs, A Middleton, R Miele, P Milani, F Mills, J Morgan, P Nave, F Newbert, G Nielsen, P Noll, P Norman, K O'Mullane, M Oord, E Orchard, J Parail, VV Parkin, A Parsons, W Patel, B Paynter, A Pearce, RJH Perevezentsev, A Pick, MA Plancoulaine, J Podda, S Pogutse, O Prentice, R Purahoo, K Rainford, M Rapp, J Riccardo, V Richardson, S Righi, E Rimini, F Robson, D Rolfe, A Romanelli, M Roquemore, AL Ross, RT Saibene, G Sarazin, Y Sartori, F Sartori, R Schild, P Schilham, A Schmid, M Schmidt, V Sharapov, S Shaw, SR Sibley, A Simon, M Sips, ACC Smeulders, P Solano, E Soldner, F Spence, J Stafford-Allen, R Stagg, R Stamp, M Stangeby, P Stevens, AL Stork, D Stott, PE Strachan, JD Strait, EJ Stratton, BC Stubberfield, P Summers, D Summers, HP Svensson, P Tabellini, M Tait, J Tala, T Tanga, A Taroni, A Testa, DS Thomas, PR Thomsen, H Thomsen, K Todd, JM Traneus, E Tuccillo, A Tunklev, M Twynam, P von Hellermann, M Wade, T Walden, A Walton, R Ward, D Watkins, ML Watkins, N Watson, MJ Wheatley, MR Whitehurst, A Wilson, CH Wilson, D Wilson, HR Winkel, T Young, D Young, ID Zastrow, KD Zerbini, M CA JET Team TI Overview of JET results in support of the ITER physics basis SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE; OPERATION AB The JET experimental campaign has focused on studies in support of the ITER physics basis. An overview of the results obtained is given for the reference ELMy H mode and advanced scenarios, which in JET are based on internal transport barriers. JET studies for ELMy H mode have been instrumental in the definition of ITER FEAT. Positive elongation and current scaling in the ITER scaling law have been confirmed, but the observed density scaling fits a two term (core and edge) model better. Significant progress in neoclassical tearing mode limits has been made showing that ITER operation with q(95) around 3.3 seems to be optimized. Effective helium pumping and divertor enrichment is found to be well within ITER requirements. Target asymmetries and hydrogen isotope retention are well simulated by modelling codes taking into account drift flows in the scrape-off plasmas. Striking improvements in fuelling effectiveness have been made with the new high field pellet launch facility. Good progress has been made on scenarios for achieving good confinement at high densities, both with radiation improved modes and with high field side pellets. Significant development of advanced scenarios, in view of their application to ITER, has been achieved. Progress towards integrated advanced scenarios is well developed with edge pressure control (impurity radiation). An access domain has been explored showing, in particular, that the power threshold increases with magnetic field but can be significantly reduced when lower hybrid current drive is used to produce target plasmas with negative shear. The role of ion pressure peaking on MHD has been well documented. Lack of sufficient additional heating power and interaction with the septum at high beta prevents assessment of the beta limits (steady plasmas achieved with beta (N) up to 2.6). Plasmas with a non-inductive current (I(NI)/I(p) = 60%), well aligned with the plasma current, high beta and good confinement have also been obtained. C1 UKAEA, Harwell Lab, Harwell OX11 0RA, Berks, England. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. AF Ioffe Inst, Moscow, Russia. Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England. CEA, Cadarache, France. ENEA, Frascati, Italy. Forschungszentrum Julich, D-5170 Julich, Germany. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Neutron Res, Uppsala, Sweden. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. IPP Garching, Garching, Germany. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ London, Imperial Coll, London, England. RP Adams, JM (reprint author), UKAEA, Harwell Lab, Harwell OX11 0RA, Berks, England. RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013; Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013; Borba, Duarte/K-6148-2015; Solano, Emilia/A-1212-2009 OI Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584; Borba, Duarte/0000-0001-5305-2857; Solano, Emilia/0000-0002-4815-3407 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 14 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2001 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1327 EP 1340 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 487UJ UT WOS:000171893900003 ER PT J AU Allen, SL AF Allen, SL CA DIII-D Team TI Overview of recent experimental results from the DIII-D advanced tokamak programme SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article AB The goals of DIII-D advanced tokamak (AT) experiments are investigation and optimization of the upper limits of energy confinement and MHD stability in a tokamak plasma, and simultaneous maximization of the fraction of non-inductive current drive. Significant overall progress has been made in the past two years, as the performance figure of merit beta H-N(89P) of 9 has been achieved in ELMing H mode for over 16 tau (E) without sawteeth. The tokamak was also operated at beta H-N approximate to 7 for over 35 tau (E) or 3 tau (R), with the duration limited by the hardware. Real time feedback control of beta (at 95% of the stability boundary), optimizing the plasma shape (e.g., delta, divertor strike and X points, double/single null balance) and particle control (n(e)/n(GW) approximate to 0.3, Z(eff) < 2.0) were necessary for the long pulse results. A new quiescent double barrier (QDB) regime with simultaneous inner and edge transport barriers and no ELMs has been discovered with a beta H-N(89P) of 7. The QDB regime has been obtained to date only with counter NBI. Further modification and control of internal transport barriers (ITBs) has also been demonstrated with impurity injection (broader barrier), pellets and ECH (strong electron barrier). The new Divertor-2000, a key ingredient in all these discharges., provides effective density, impurity and heat flux control in the high triangularity plasma shapes. Discharges at n(e)/n(GW) approximate to 1.4 have been obtained with gas puffing by maintaining the edge pedestal pressure; this operation is easier with Divertor-2000. We are developing several other tools required for AT operation, including real time feedback control of resistive wall modes with external coils and control of neoclassical tearing modes with ECCD. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Allen, SL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. OI Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2001 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1341 EP 1353 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/41/10/304 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 487UJ UT WOS:000171893900004 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, M Kawahata, K Ohyabu, N Kaneko, O Komori, A Yamada, H Ashikawa, N Baylor, LR Combs, SK deVries, PC Emoto, M Ejiri, A Fisher, PW Funaba, H Goto, M Hartmann, D Ida, K Idei, H Iio, S Ikeda, K Inagaki, S Inoue, N Isobe, T Kado, S Khlopenkov, K Kobuchi, T Krasilnikov, AV Kubo, S Kumazawa, R Leuterer, F Liang, Y Lyon, JF Masuzaki, S Minami, T Miyajima, J Morisaki, T Morita, S Murakami, S Muto, S Mutoh, T Nagayama, Y Nakajima, N Nakamura, Y Nakanishi, H Narihara, K Nishimura, K Noda, N Notake, T Ohdachi, S Oka, Y Okajima, S Okamoto, M Osakabe, M Ozaki, T Pavlichenko, RO Peterson, BJ Sagara, A Saito, K Sakakibara, S Sakamoto, R Sanuki, H Sasao, H Sasao, M Sato, K Sato, M Seki, T Shimozuma, T Shoji, M Sugama, H Suzuki, H Takechi, M Takeiri, Y Tamura, N Tanaka, K Toi, K Tokuzawa, T Torii, Y Tsumori, K Watanabe, KY Watanabe, T Watari, T Yamada, I Yamaguchi, S Yamamoto, S Yokoyama, M Yoshida, N Yoshimura, Y Zhao, YP Akiyama, R Haba, K Iima, M Kodaira, J Takita, T Tsuzuki, T Yamauchi, K Yonezu, H Chikaraishi, H Hamaguchi, S Imagawa, S Inoue, N Iwamoto, A Kitagawa, S Kubota, Y Maekawa, R Mito, T Murai, K Nishimura, A Chikaraishi, H Takahata, K Tamura, H Yamada, S Yanagi, N Itoh, K Matsuoka, K Ohkubo, K Ohtake, I Satoh, S Satow, T Sudo, S Tanahashi, S Yamazaki, K Hamada, Y Motojima, O AF Fujiwara, M Kawahata, K Ohyabu, N Kaneko, O Komori, A Yamada, H Ashikawa, N Baylor, LR Combs, SK deVries, PC Emoto, M Ejiri, A Fisher, PW Funaba, H Goto, M Hartmann, D Ida, K Idei, H Iio, S Ikeda, K Inagaki, S Inoue, N Isobe, T Kado, S Khlopenkov, K Kobuchi, T Krasilnikov, AV Kubo, S Kumazawa, R Leuterer, F Liang, Y Lyon, JF Masuzaki, S Minami, T Miyajima, J Morisaki, T Morita, S Murakami, S Muto, S Mutoh, T Nagayama, Y Nakajima, N Nakamura, Y Nakanishi, H Narihara, K Nishimura, K Noda, N Notake, T Ohdachi, S Oka, Y Okajima, S Okamoto, M Osakabe, M Ozaki, T Pavlichenko, RO Peterson, BJ Sagara, A Saito, K Sakakibara, S Sakamoto, R Sanuki, H Sasao, H Sasao, M Sato, K Sato, M Seki, T Shimozuma, T Shoji, M Sugama, H Suzuki, H Takechi, M Takeiri, Y Tamura, N Tanaka, K Toi, K Tokuzawa, T Torii, Y Tsumori, K Watanabe, KY Watanabe, T Watari, T Yamada, I Yamaguchi, S Yamamoto, S Yokoyama, M Yoshida, N Yoshimura, Y Zhao, YP Akiyama, R Haba, K Iima, M Kodaira, J Takita, T Tsuzuki, T Yamauchi, K Yonezu, H Chikaraishi, H Hamaguchi, S Imagawa, S Inoue, N Iwamoto, A Kitagawa, S Kubota, Y Maekawa, R Mito, T Murai, K Nishimura, A Chikaraishi, H Takahata, K Tamura, H Yamada, S Yanagi, N Itoh, K Matsuoka, K Ohkubo, K Ohtake, I Satoh, S Satow, T Sudo, S Tanahashi, S Yamazaki, K Hamada, Y Motojima, O TI Overview of LHD experiments SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID LARGE HELICAL DEVICE; THERMAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; PLASMA-CONFINEMENT; STELLARATOR; DISCHARGES AB During the first two years of the LHD experiment the following results have been achieved: (i) higher T-e (T-e(0) 4.4 keV at [n(e)] = 5.3 x 10(18) m(-3) and P-abs = 1.8 MW); (ii) higher confinement (tau (E) = 0.3 s, T-e(0) 1.1 keV at [n(e)] = 6.5 x 10(19) m(-3) and P-abs = 2.0 MW) (iii) higher stored energy, W-p(dia) = 880 kJ at B = 2.75 T. High performance plasmas have been realized in the inward shifted magnetic axis configuration (R = 3.6 m) where helical symmetry is recovered and the particle orbit properties are improved by a trade-off of MHD stability properties due to the appearance of a magnetic hill. Energy confinement was systematically higher than that predicted by the International Stellarator Scaling 95 by up to a factor of 1.6 and was comparable with the ELMy H mode confinement capability in tokamaks. This confinement improvement is attributed to configuration control (inward shift of the magnetic axis) and to the formation of a high edge temperature. The average beta value achieved reached 2.4% at B = 1.3 T, the highest beta value ever obtained in a helical device, and so far no degradation of confinement by MHD phenomena has been observed. The inward shifted configuration has also led to successful ICRF minority ion heating. ICRF powers up to 1.3 MW were reliably injected into the plasma without significant impurity contamination, and a plasma with a stored energy of 200 kJ was sustained for 5 s by ICRF alone. As another important result, long pulse discharges of more than 1 min were successfully achieved separately with an NBI heating of 0.5 MW and with an ICRF heating of 0.85 MW. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 152, Japan. Troitsk Inst Nucl Phys, Troitsk, Russia. Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Engn & Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Chubu Univ, Kasugai, Aichi 487, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816, Japan. Acad Sinica, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Fujiwara, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu, Japan. RI Sakamoto, Ryuichi/E-7557-2013; Tamura, Hitoshi/E-7919-2013; Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013; Murakami, Sadayoshi/A-2191-2016; HAMAGUCHI, Shinji/B-8549-2016; Mito, Toshiyuki/E-7537-2013; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ida, Katsumi/E-4731-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; OI Sakamoto, Ryuichi/0000-0002-4453-953X; Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531; Murakami, Sadayoshi/0000-0002-2526-7137; Mito, Toshiyuki/0000-0002-1705-9039; Ida, Katsumi/0000-0002-0585-4561; Hideo, Sugama/0000-0001-5444-1758 NR 34 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2001 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1355 EP 1367 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/41/10/305 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 487UJ UT WOS:000171893900005 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, IH Boivin, R Bonoli, PT Boswell, C Bravenec, R Bretz, NL Chatterjee, R Chung, T Eisner, E Fiore, C Gangadhara, S Gentle, K Goetz, JA Granetz, RS Greenwald, MJ Hosea, JC Hubbard, AE Hughes, J In, Y Irby, J LaBombard, B Lin, Y Lipschultz, B Maqueda, RJ Marmar, ES Mazurenko, A Mikkelsen, D Mossessian, D Nachtrieb, R Nazikian, R Nelson-Melby, E Pappas, D Parker, RR Pedersen, TS Phillips, P Pitcher, CS Porkolab, M Rice, JE Rowan, W Schilling, G Snipes, JA Taylor, G Terry, JL Wilson, JR Wolfe, SM Wukitch, SJ Yuh, H Zweben, SJ Acedo, P Brambilla, M Carreras, BA Gandy, R Hallock, GA Dorland, W Johnson, D Krashennikova, N Phillips, C Tutt, T Watts, C Umansky, M AF Hutchinson, IH Boivin, R Bonoli, PT Boswell, C Bravenec, R Bretz, NL Chatterjee, R Chung, T Eisner, E Fiore, C Gangadhara, S Gentle, K Goetz, JA Granetz, RS Greenwald, MJ Hosea, JC Hubbard, AE Hughes, J In, Y Irby, J LaBombard, B Lin, Y Lipschultz, B Maqueda, RJ Marmar, ES Mazurenko, A Mikkelsen, D Mossessian, D Nachtrieb, R Nazikian, R Nelson-Melby, E Pappas, D Parker, RR Pedersen, TS Phillips, P Pitcher, CS Porkolab, M Rice, JE Rowan, W Schilling, G Snipes, JA Taylor, G Terry, JL Wilson, JR Wolfe, SM Wukitch, SJ Yuh, H Zweben, SJ Acedo, P Brambilla, M Carreras, BA Gandy, R Hallock, GA Dorland, W Johnson, D Krashennikova, N Phillips, C Tutt, T Watts, C Umansky, M TI Overview of recent alcator C-Mod results SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID IMPURITY TOROIDAL ROTATION; H-MODE; CONFINEMENT MODES; TRANSPORT; PLASMAS; PEDESTAL; TOKAMAK AB Research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak is focused on exploiting compact high density plasmas to understand core transport and heating, the physics of the H mode transport barrier, and the dynamics of the scrape-off layer and divertor. Rapid toroidal acceleration of the plasma core is observed during ohmic heated H modes and indicates a momentum pinch or similar transport mechanism. Core thermal transport observations support a critical gradient interpretation, but with gradients that disagree with present theoretical values. High resolution measurements of the H mode barrier have been obtained, including impurity and neutral densities, and the instability apparently responsible for the favourable 'enhanced D alpha' regime has been identified. Divertor bypass dynamic control experiments have directly addressed the important questions surrounding main chamber recycling and the effect of divertor closure on impurities and confinement. Future plans include quasi-steady-state advanced tokamak plasmas using lower hybrid current drive. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Hutchinson, IH (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Lin, Yijun/B-5711-2009; Hutchinson, Ian/D-1136-2009; Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; Dorland, William/B-4403-2009; Acedo, Pablo/L-6592-2014; OI Hutchinson, Ian/0000-0003-4276-6576; Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Dorland, William/0000-0003-2915-724X; Acedo, Pablo/0000-0002-8053-7363; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2001 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1391 EP 1400 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/41/10/307 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 487UJ UT WOS:000171893900007 ER PT J AU Ono, M Bell, MG Bell, RE Bigelow, T Bitter, T Blanchard, W Darrow, DS Fredrickson, ED Gates, DA Grisham, LR Hosea, JC Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kubota, S Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Maingi, R Maqueda, R Mazzucato, E Menard, J Mueller, D Nelson, BA Neumeyer, C Paoletti, F Paul, SF Peng, YKM Ramakrishnan, S Raman, R Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA Skinner, CH Stevenson, T Stutman, D Swain, DW Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Von Halle, A Wilgen, J Williams, M Wilson, JR Zweben, SJ Ackers, R Barry, RE Bers, A Bialek, JM Bonoli, PT Carter, MD Chrzanowski, J Davis, W Doyle, EJ Dudek, L Efthimion, PC Ellis, R Ferron, JR Finkenthal, M Fredd, E Gibney, T Goldston, RJ Hatcher, RE Hawryluck, RJ Hayashiya, H Hill, KW Jarboe, TR Jardin, SC Ji, H Kalish, M LaMarche, P Lao, LL Lee, KC Levinton, FM Luhmann, NC Majeski, R Manickam, J Marsala, R Mau, TK McCormack, B Medley, SS Menon, MM Mitarai, O Nagata, M Nishino, N Oliaro, G Park, HK Parsells, R Pearson, G Peebles, T Phillips, CK Pinsker, R Porter, GD Ram, AK Robinson, J Roney, P Roquemore, AL Rosenberg, A Schaffer, M Shiraiwa, S Sichta, P Stotler, D Stratton, BC Takase, Y Wampler, WR Wurden, GA Xu, XQ Yang, JG Zeng, L Zhu, W AF Ono, M Bell, MG Bell, RE Bigelow, T Bitter, T Blanchard, W Darrow, DS Fredrickson, ED Gates, DA Grisham, LR Hosea, JC Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kubota, S Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Maingi, R Maqueda, R Mazzucato, E Menard, J Mueller, D Nelson, BA Neumeyer, C Paoletti, F Paul, SF Peng, YKM Ramakrishnan, S Raman, R Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA Skinner, CH Stevenson, T Stutman, D Swain, DW Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Von Halle, A Wilgen, J Williams, M Wilson, JR Zweben, SJ Ackers, R Barry, RE Bers, A Bialek, JM Bonoli, PT Carter, MD Chrzanowski, J Davis, W Doyle, EJ Dudek, L Efthimion, PC Ellis, R Ferron, JR Finkenthal, M Fredd, E Gibney, T Goldston, RJ Hatcher, RE Hawryluck, RJ Hayashiya, H Hill, KW Jarboe, TR Jardin, SC Ji, H Kalish, M LaMarche, P Lao, LL Lee, KC Levinton, FM Luhmann, NC Majeski, R Manickam, J Marsala, R Mau, TK McCormack, B Medley, SS Menon, MM Mitarai, O Nagata, M Nishino, N Oliaro, G Park, HK Parsells, R Pearson, G Peebles, T Phillips, CK Pinsker, R Porter, GD Ram, AK Robinson, J Roney, P Roquemore, AL Rosenberg, A Schaffer, M Shiraiwa, S Sichta, P Stotler, D Stratton, BC Takase, Y Wampler, WR Wurden, GA Xu, XQ Yang, JG Zeng, L Zhu, W TI Overview of the initial NSTX experimental results SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS; PLASMAS AB The main aim of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is to establish the fusion physics principles of the spherical torus (ST) concept. The NSTX device began plasma operations in February 1999 and the plasma current I-p was successfully brought up to the design value of I MA on 14 December 1999. The planned plasma shaping parameters, elongation kappa = 1.6-2.2 and, triangularity delta = 0.2-0.4, were achieved in inner wall limited, and single null and double null diverted configurations. The coaxial helicity injection (CHI) and high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) experiments were also initiated. CHI current of 27 kA produced up to 260 kA toroidal current without using an ohmic solenoid. With the injection of 2.3 MW of HHFW power, using 12 antennas connected to six transmitters, electrons, were heated from a central temperature of 400 eV to 900 eV at a central density of 3.5 x 10(13) cm(-3), increasing the plasma energy to 59 kJ and the toroidal beta, beta (T), to 10%. The NBI system commenced operation in September 2000. The initial results with two ion sources (P-NBI = 2.8 MW) show good heating, producing a total plasma stored energy of 90 kJ corresponding to beta (T) approximate to 18% at a plasma current of 1.1 MA. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Korea Basic Sci Inst, Taejon, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Okayama, Japan. Kyushu Tokai Univ, Kumamoto, Japan. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Fus Phys & Technol, San Diego, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. MIT, Cambridge, England. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ono, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Nishino, Nobuhiro/D-6390-2011; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 27 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2001 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1435 EP 1447 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/41/10/311 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 487UJ UT WOS:000171893900011 ER PT J AU Verda, RD Tesmer, JR Maggiore, CJ Nastasi, M Bower, RW AF Verda, RD Tesmer, JR Maggiore, CJ Nastasi, M Bower, RW TI Geometric considerations relevant to hydrogen depth profiling by reflection elastic recoil detection analysis SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE geometry; energy calibration; simulations; depth profiling AB This work addresses geometric considerations relevant to the accuracy of depth profiling by reflection elastic recoil detection analysis, which becomes an issue when many samples are compared over time or a single sample is repeatedly analyzed following a sequence of processing steps. In such cases. accurate and reproducible geometric alignment and incident beam energy calibration must be performed over time, and are addressed here. Our analysis and experiments show that geometric deviations in the sample tilt angle and incident particle beam steering, as well as deviations from the sample eucentric position, can result in significant errors in depth profiling. As a result, a recommended degree of accuracy is stated for each of these geometric components techniques are presented to attain this accuracy. or better. The most notable of these techniques is a laser alignment of the sample tilt angle. which has a reproducible accuracy of 0.04 degrees. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Verda, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 2001 VL 183 IS 3-4 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00634-6 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 478HM UT WOS:000171341000028 ER PT J AU Verda, RD Maggiore, CJ Tesmer, JR Misra, A Hoechbauer, T Nastasi, M Bower, RW AF Verda, RD Maggiore, CJ Tesmer, JR Misra, A Hoechbauer, T Nastasi, M Bower, RW TI Depth profiling of hydrogen in crystalline silicon using elastic recoil detection analysis SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE depth profiling; calibration standards; computer simulation ID BACKSCATTERING; SIMULATION AB Accurate depth profiling of hydrogen in crystalline silicon (c-Si) from reflection elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) can be performed using a method that converts the channel difference between surface and bulk signals directly to depth. The method relies on Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) to unambiguously determine the depth of a buried marker coincident with a hydrogen distribution in each of several silicon calibration standards. A conversion from ERDA channels to depth is extracted from the relationship between the depth to the marker and the channel difference between surface and bulk hydrogen centroids in forward recoil spectra acquired simultaneously. Applying this conversion to ERDA of hydrogen-implanted c-Si taken under the same conditions as those of the silicon calibration standards results in accurate, quantitative depth profiling. A comparison of techniques shows that this method offers distinct advantages over depth profiling by computer simulation of ERDA spectra. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Verda, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 2001 VL 183 IS 3-4 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00635-8 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 478HM UT WOS:000171341000029 ER PT J AU Fowler, JS Ding, YS Logan, J MacGregor, RR Shea, C Garza, V Gimi, R Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Schlyer, D Ferrieri, R Gatley, SJ Alexoff, D Carter, P King, P Pappas, N Arnett, CD AF Fowler, JS Ding, YS Logan, J MacGregor, RR Shea, C Garza, V Gimi, R Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Schlyer, D Ferrieri, R Gatley, SJ Alexoff, D Carter, P King, P Pappas, N Arnett, CD TI Species differences in [C-11]clorgyline binding in brain SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE [C-11]clorgyline; baboon; human; MAO A; brain; PET ID MONOAMINE-OXIDASE-A; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; C-11 L-DEPRENYL; MAO-B; BABOON BRAIN; INHIBITORS; INVIVO; PET; RAT AB [C-11]Clorgyline selectively binds to MAO A in the human brain. This contrasts with a recent report that [C-11]clorgyline (in contrast to other labeled MAO A inhibitors) is not retained in the rhesus monkey brain [4]. To explore this difference, we compared [C-11]clorgyline in the baboon brain before and after clorgyline pretreatment and we also synthesized deuterium substituted [C-11]clorgyline (and its nor-precursor) for comparison, [C-11]Clorgyline was not retained in the baboon brain nor was it influenced by clorgyline pretreatment or by deuterium substitution, contrasting to results in humans. This suggests a species difference in the susceptibility of MAO A to inhibition by clorgyline and represents an unusual example of where the behavior of a radiotracer in the baboon brain does not predict its behavior in the human brain. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fowler, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS15380] NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 28 IS 7 BP 779 EP 785 DI 10.1016/S0969-8051(01)00245-1 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 479QL UT WOS:000171415000004 PM 11578898 ER PT J AU Chen, FD Hsieh, BT Wang, HE Ou, YH Yang, WK Whang-Peng, J Liu, RS Knapp, FF Ting, G Yen, SH AF Chen, FD Hsieh, BT Wang, HE Ou, YH Yang, WK Whang-Peng, J Liu, RS Knapp, FF Ting, G Yen, SH TI Efficacy of Re-188-labelled sulphur colloid on prolongation of survival time in melanoma-bearing animals SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE re-188-sulfur colloid; melanoma; biodistribution; animal survival ID RE-188 HYDROXYETHYLIDENE DIPHOSPHONATE; RADIATION SYNOVECTOMY AGENT; W-188/RE-188 GENERATORS; OSSEOUS METASTASES; OVARIAN-CARCINOMA; DOSE-ESCALATION; PROSTATE-CANCER; TUMOR-MODEL; THERAPY; MICROSPHERES AB In this study, the effectiveness of a Re-188 labeled sulfur colloid with two particle size ranges was used to evalucate the effectiveness of this agent on melanoma tumors in mice in terms of animal lifespan. Methods: Two separate group of animals were used for investigating biodistribution and survival time. A total of 188 B16F10-melanoma-bearing BDF1 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 3.7 MBq (0.1 mCi)/2mL of radiolabeled sulfur colloid ten days after intraperitoneal inoculation of 5x10(5) B16F10 melanoma cells/2ml. For group 1, 30 mice were sacrificed at 1, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours for biodistribution studies. In group 2, 158 mice were divided into 9 groups (n = 16 similar to 18/groups)each receiving respectively tumor alone, tumor with normal saline, cold colloid or hot colloid with 16, 23, 31, 46, 62, or 124 MBq activity. Each of these colloid groups was further divided into two groups, one receiving smaller particle sizes (<3m:80.4 +/- 7.2%, colloid 1) and the other receiving larger particle sizes (<3 m: 12.3 +/- 1.0%, colloid 2). The animals were checked daily until death and their survival recorded. Results: Colloid 2 showed higher accumulation in almost all tissues, the highest accumulation organ was tumor (similar to 40%), then spleen (-20%), stomach (-15%), diaphragm (-3%), and liver (-2%). There was a significant increase in survival time with increasing amount of the larger-particle-size colloid. Administered levels of 16-31 MBq/mouse were most efficacious and with higher amounts the survival times decreased significantly below that of the controls. There was a significant difference in the dose-response curves for the two preparations. Protection factors (1/Relative-risk) of nearly 5 were achieved using the larger colloid size, and nearly 30 using the smaller colloid size. An amount of 16-31 MBq of the colloid 2 was the optimal activity in these studies. On the one hand, the survival data agreed well with the biodistribution data, where higher accumulation was found in tumor with colloid 2. Conclusion: Rhenium-188 offers on-site availability, medium half-life, higher beta-particle energy of 2.12 MeV for therapy and emission of 155keV gamma photon suitable for imaging. The present study demonstrated that Re-188-sulfur colloid is an effective agent in controlling tumor cells in the abdominal cavity in animals. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Nucl Energy Res, Atom Energy Council, Lungtan 32500, Taiwan. Natl Yang Ming Univ, Fac Med Radiat Technol, Taipei 112, Taiwan. Natl Yang Ming Univ, Inst Radiol Sci, Taipei 112, Taiwan. Natl Hlth Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Taipei, Taiwan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Taipei Vet Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Hsieh, BT (reprint author), Inst Nucl Energy Res, Atom Energy Council, POB 3-27, Lungtan 32500, Taiwan. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 28 IS 7 BP 835 EP 844 DI 10.1016/S0969-8051(01)00244-X PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 479QL UT WOS:000171415000012 PM 11578906 ER PT J AU Guber, KH Spencer, RR Leal, LC Koehler, PE Harvey, JA Sayer, RO Derrien, H Valentine, TE Pierce, DE Cauley, VM Lewis, TA AF Guber, KH Spencer, RR Leal, LC Koehler, PE Harvey, JA Sayer, RO Derrien, H Valentine, TE Pierce, DE Cauley, VM Lewis, TA TI High-resolution transmission measurements of U-233 using a cooled sample at the temperature T=11 K SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FISSION CROSS-SECTION; ENERGY-RANGE; NEUTRON AB For the first time, high-resolution transmission data of (233) U have been obtained using a cooled sample. The samples were cooled to T = 11 K using a cryogenic device, which reduced the Doppler broadening of resonances by 50% compared to room-temperature measurements. The measurements were carried out at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator over the energy range from 0.6 eV to 300 keV at the 80-m flight path station. Corrections were made for experimental effects, and the average total cross section in this energy range was determined. Results are compared to previous measurements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37921 USA. RP Guber, KH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37921 USA. OI Valentine, Timothy/0000-0001-7495-7348; Koehler, Paul/0000-0002-6717-0771 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 139 IS 2 BP 111 EP 117 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 473GM UT WOS:000171032200001 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Palmiotti, G Lewis, EE AF Yang, WS Palmiotti, G Lewis, EE TI Numerical optimization of computing algorithms of the variational nodal method based on transformation of variables SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB Numerical methods based on transformation of variables are developed to improve the computational efficiency of the variational nodal method (VNM). Reordering and orthogonal transformations of the nodal unknowns are found to reduce the coefficient matrices of VNM into block-diagonal forms. These forms make it possible to reduce greatly the number of floating-point operations in matrix manipulations and hence to reduce the computational times. The red-black response matrix acceleration by transformation of interface partial-current variables, has been extended to three-dimensional geometries and higher orders of spatial and angular approximations. These combined methods are incorporated within the algorithms currently used in the variational nodal code VARIANT at Argonne National Laboratory. All primary algorithms ranging from the generation of response matrices to the iterative solution method for the response matrix equations are modified to implement the new formulation. The efficiency of the new methods is tested on eigenvalue problems by comparing the computation times of the new and existing, methods. Three-dimensional calculations are performed In hexagonal and Cartesian geometry for various spatial and angular approximations. The test results show that very significant gains can be obtained especially for the coupling coefficient calculations In higher angular approximations. More than an order of magnitude reduction of the total computing time is achieved in the best case. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Chosun Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Kwangju 501600, South Korea. RP Yang, WS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lewis, Elmer/B-7597-2009; OI Yang, Won Sik/0000-0003-0734-6023 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 139 IS 2 BP 174 EP 185 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 473GM UT WOS:000171032200005 ER PT J AU Cramer, SN AF Cramer, SN TI Analytic radiation transport systems and Monte Carlo benchmarks SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Several one-energy group, discrete-direction radiation transport systems having analytic flux solutions are presented as an aid in Monte Carlo benchmark analysis techniques independent of realistic geometry and cross-section data requirements. Exact comparison of analytic and Monte Carlo results to several significant digits impossible for up to 26 directions in one, two, and three dimensions. A continuous direction model has also been formulated from an infinite limit of the discrete-direction model. Complete analytic flux solutions are possible through the imposition of boundary sources dictated by assumed exponential solutions of the transport equation. Extensions to two energy groups, two cross-section media, If secondary particle production, time dependence, and continuous slowing down are examined. A website is provided from which codes and sample output files for the analytic and Monte Carlo models can be downloaded. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cramer, SN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 139 IS 2 BP 186 EP 208 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 473GM UT WOS:000171032200006 ER PT J AU Charlton, WS Stanbro, WD AF Charlton, WS Stanbro, WD TI Monitors for the prediction of alternate nuclear material concentrations for pressurized water reactor spent fuel SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spent fuel; alternate nuclear materials; reprocessing safeguards AB A methodology for determining alternate nuclear material ((NP)-N-237, Am-241, and Am-243) concentrations in spent nuclear fuel based on the use of various monitors was developed and validated for use with several pressurized water reactor fuels. The monitors studied included the fuel burnup, the total plutonium concentration, the Pu-240/Pu-239 isotopic ratio, the Nd-148/U-238 isotopic ratio, and the Cs-137 activity. Calculations were performed using the HELIOS-1.4 lattice physics code for spent fuel from the Mihama Unit 3, Genkai Unit 2, and Calvert Cliffs Unit I reactors. These calculations were compared to measured values for the fuel. It was determined that the Pu-240/Pu-239 isotopic ratio and the Cs-137 activity were the most useful and accurate for use in predicting alternate nuclear material concentrations at reprocessing facilities for safeguards purposes. Based on these comparisons, it was determined that measurements of these monitors would allow for determination of Np-237, Am-241, and (243)AM concentrations to within +/-4, +/-6, and +/- 15%, respectively. It is suggested that these uncertainties may be decreased through improvements in measurement techniques and additional benchmarking. These monitors may be used to provide an accurate prediction of the concentrations of the alternate nuclear materials while decreasing the need for direct measurement of these isotopes. This will translate into a monetary savings for reprocessing facility safeguards. C1 Univ Texas, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Dept Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguard Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Charlton, WS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Dept Engn Mech, Bldg 159,Pickle Res Campus, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 136 IS 1 BP 24 EP 36 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 474QL UT WOS:000171118300003 ER PT J AU Bylkin, BK Davydova, GB Zverkov, YA Krayushkin, AV Neretin, YA Nosovsky, AV Seyda, VA Short, SM AF Bylkin, BK Davydova, GB Zverkov, YA Krayushkin, AV Neretin, YA Nosovsky, AV Seyda, VA Short, SM TI Induced radioactivity and waste classification of reactor zone components of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant unit 1 after final shutdown SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chernobyl; decommissioning; induced radioactivity AB The dismantlement of the reactor core materials and surrounding structural components is a major technical concern for those planning closure and decontamination and decommissioning of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). Specific issues include when and how dismantlement should be accomplished and what the radwaste classification of the dismantled system would be at the time it is disassembled. Whereas radiation levels and residual radiological characteristics of the majority of the plant systems are directly measured using standard radiation survey and radiochemical analysis techniques. actual measurements of reactor zone materials are not practical due to high radiation levels and inaccessibility. For these reasons, neutron transport analysis was used to estimate induced radioactivity, and radiation levels in the Chernobyl NPP Unit I reactor core materials and structures. Analysis results suggest that the optimum period of safe storage is 90 to 100 yr for the Unit I reactor. For all of the reactor components except the fuel channel pipes (or pressure tubes), this will provide sufficient decay time to allow unlimited worker access during dismantlement, minimize the need for expensive remote dismantlement, and allow, for the dismantled reactor components to be classified as low- or medium-level radioactive waste. The fuel channel pipes will remain classified as high-activity, waste requiring remote dismantlement for hundreds of years due to the high concentration of induced Ni-63 in the Zircaloy pipes. C1 IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. Int Chernobyl Ctr, Slavutych Div, Slavutych, Ukraine. Chernobyl Nucl Power Plant, Slavutych, Ukraine. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bylkin, BK (reprint author), IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 136 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 474QL UT WOS:000171118300007 ER PT J AU Del Cul, GD Icenhour, AS Simmons, DW AF Del Cul, GD Icenhour, AS Simmons, DW TI Development of the process for the recovery and conversion of (UF6)-U-233 chemisorbed in NaF traps from the molten salt reactor remediation project SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uranium conversion; uranium oxide; molten salt reactor ID CHARCOAL AB The Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) site at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is being cleaned up and remediated. The removal of similar to 37 kg of fissile U-233 is the main activity. Of that inventory, similar to 23 kg has already been removed as UF6 from the piping system and chemisorbed in 25 NaF traps. This material is in temporary storage while it awaits conversion to a stable oxide. The planned recovery of similar to 11 kg of uranium from the fuel salt will generate another 15 to 19 NaF traps. The remaining 2 to 3 kg of uranium are present in activated charcoal beds, which are also scheduled to be removed from the reactor site. Since all of these materials (NaF traps and the uranium-laden charcoal) are not suitable for longterm storage, they, will be converted to a uranium oxide (U3O8), which is suitable for long-term storage. The conversion of the MSRE material into an oxide presents unique problems, such as criticality, concerns, a large radiation field caused by the daughters of U-232 (an impurity, isotope in the U-233), and the possible spread of the high-radiation field from the release of Rn-220 gas. To overcome these problems, a novel process was conceived and developed. This process was specially tailored for providing remote operations inside a hot cell while maintaining full containment at all times to avoid the spread of contamination. This process satisfies criticality concerns, maximizes the recovery of uranium, mini. mi. zes any radiation exposure to operators, and keeps waste disposal to a minimum. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Del Cul, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Icenhour, Alan/0000-0002-0095-7019 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 136 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 474QL UT WOS:000171118300008 ER PT J AU Rechard, RP Sanchez, LC Trellue, HR Stockman, CT AF Rechard, RP Sanchez, LC Trellue, HR Stockman, CT TI Unfavorable conditions for nuclear criticality following disposal of transuranic waste at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE radioactive waste disposal; criticality; geologic repository performance ID 1996 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; ORE-DEPOSITS; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; MODELS; URANYL AB Modeling of nuclear criticality was omitted from performance assessment calculations for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a repository for waste contaminated with transuranic radioisotopes, located in southeastern New Mexico, based on arguments of low probability and low consequence. Low-probability arguments are presented here. Guidance provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-the regulator of WIPP-allowed either qualitative "credibility" arguments or quantitative probability estimates when screening features, events, and processes such as criticality. Although information to quantitatively evaluate the probability of a criticality event was mostly lacking, qualitatively reasoned discussion of the inability to assemble a critical configuration of fissile material was accepted by the EPA. Specifically, after disposal and prior to an inadvertent human intrusion into the repository, there is no credible mechanism to move radioisotopes (and particularly, fissile material) since only small amounts of brine enter the repository, as adequately demonstrated in calculations over the years. An inadvertent human intrusion (an event that must be considered because of safety regulations) might allow a large pressure gradient to move more brine through the repository, but there is still no credible mechanism to counteract the natural tendency of the material to disperse during transport. Unfavorable physical conditions on concentrating fissile material include low initial solid concentration of fissile material, small mass of fissile material transported over 10 000 yr, and insufficient physical compaction; unfavorable hydrologic conditions include the limited amount of brine available to transport fissile material. Unfavorable geochemical conditions on concentrating the fissile radioisotopes include lack of sufficient adsorption and water chemistry conducive to precipitation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Waste Management Programs Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rechard, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Waste Management Programs Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rprecha@sandia.gov NR 116 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 EI 1943-7471 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 136 IS 1 BP 99 EP 129 PG 31 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 474QL UT WOS:000171118300009 ER PT J AU Wagner, JC Parks, CV AF Wagner, JC Parks, CV TI A critical review of the practice of equating the reactivity of spent fuel to fresh fuel in burnup credit criticality safety analyses for PWR spent-fuel pool storage SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burnup credit; criticality safety; spent-fuel storage AB This research examines the practice of equating the reactivity of spent fuel to that of fresh fuel for the purpose of performing burnup credit criticality safety analyses for pressurized water reactor (PWR) spent-fuel pool (SFP) storage conditions. The investigation consists of comparing k(eff) estimates based on reactivity "equivalent" fresh fuel enrichment (REFFE) to k(eff) estimates using the calculated spent-fuel isotopics. Analyses of selected storage configurations common in PWR SFPs show that this practice yields nonconservative results (on the order of a few tenths of a percent) in configurations in which the spent fuel is adjacent to higher-reactivity assemblies (e.g., fresh or lower-burned assemblies) and yields conservative results in configurations in which spent fuel is adjacent to lower-reactivity assemblies (e.g., higher-burned fuel or empty cells). When the REFFE is determined based on unborated water moderation, analyses for storage conditions with soluble boron present reveal significant nonconservative results associated with the use of the REFFE. Finally, it is shown that the practice of equating the reactivity of spent fuel to fresh fuel is acceptable, provided the conditions for which the REFFE was determined remain unchanged. Determination of the REFFE for a reference configuration and subsequent use of the REFFE for different configurations violates the basis used for the determination of the REFFE and, thus, may lead to inaccurate, and possibly, nonconservative estimates of reactivity A significant concentration (similar to 2000 ppm) of soluble boron is typically (but not necessarily required to be) present in PWR SFPs, of which only a portion ( less than or equal to 500 ppm) may be credited in safety analyses. Thus, a large subcritical margin currently exists that more than accounts for errors or uncertainties associated with the use of the REFFE. Consequently, the findings presented here do not represent a significant safety concern unless/until the subcritical margin associated with the soluble boron (that is not currently explicitly credited) is offset by the uncertainties associated with burnup credit and/or the expanded allowance of credit for the soluble boron. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wagner, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wagner, John/K-3644-2015; OI Wagner, John/0000-0003-0257-4502; Parks, Cecil/0000-0003-0323-8447 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 136 IS 1 BP 130 EP 140 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 474QL UT WOS:000171118300010 ER PT J AU Carter, RJ Dubchak, I Holbrook, SR AF Carter, RJ Dubchak, I Holbrook, SR TI A computational approach to identify genes for functional RNAs in genomic sequences SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI GENOME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GNRA TETRALOOPS; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; EXPRESSION; SELECTION; REPAIR; MOTIFS AB Currently there is no successful computational approach for identification of genes encoding novel functional RNAs (fRNAs) in genomic sequences. We have developed a machine learning approach using neural networks and support vector machines to extract common features among known RNAs for prediction of new RNA genes in the unannotated regions of prokaryotic and archaeal genomes. The Escherichia coli genome was used for development, but we have applied this method to several other bacterial and archaeal genomes. Networks based on nucleotide composition were 80-90% accurate in jackknife testing experiments for bacteria and 90-99% for hyperthermophilic archaea. We also achieved a significant improvement in accuracy by combining these predictions with those obtained using a second set of parameters consisting of known RNA sequence motifs and the calculated free energy of folding. Several known fRNAs not included in the training datasets were identified as well as several hundred predicted novel RNAs. These studies indicate that there are many unidentified RNAs in simple genomes that can be predicted computationally as a precursor to experimental study. Public access to our RNA gene predictions and an interface for user predictions is available via the web. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Computat & Theoret Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holbrook, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Computat & Theoret Biol Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 45 TC 118 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 29 IS 19 BP 3928 EP 3938 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 480CC UT WOS:000171443100005 PM 11574674 ER PT J AU Renusch, D Grimsditch, M Jorgensen, JD Hodges, JP AF Renusch, D Grimsditch, M Jorgensen, JD Hodges, JP TI Pressure dependence of Cr3+ fluorescence in theta-alumina SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE theta-alumina; pressure; luminescence; Raman scattering ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; STRESS; OXIDATION; SCALES; GAMMA-AL2O3; LUMINESCENCE; ALPHA-AL2O3; CRYSTAL; STRAIN AB The ruby fluorescence has, for many years, been used as a convenient tool for the determination of pressure in diamond-anvil cells. Subsequently, its use was extended to measure stresses in fibers and composites and, even more recently, the stresses in thermally grown oxide scales. This latter application has provided much needed, and technologically important, information on how and why scales debond from their parent alloy. Recent investigations of the early-stage oxidation of Al-containing superalloys(18,19) report a transient "ruby-like" doublet (686.5 and 683.7 nm), which was assigned to the theta phase of Al2O3. The pesent work identifies that, as in ruby, Cr is the ion responsible for the fluorescence and also confirms that it stems from theta -Al2O3. The pressure dependence of the frequency of the theta -fluorescence, measured in a diamond-anvil cell, provides an additional tool for the characterization of stresses during early-stage oxidation. a Raman feature at 255 cm(-1) is also identified as originating in theta -Al2O3. This feature is also likely to be useful in scale characterization. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60739 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Grimsditch, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60739 USA. RI Hodges, Jason/K-1421-2013 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 311 DI 10.1023/A:1010328929310 PG 13 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 463UT UT WOS:000170496200007 ER PT J AU Kolman, DG Taylor, TN Park, YS Stan, M Butt, DP Maggiore, CJ Tesmer, JR Havrilla, GJ AF Kolman, DG Taylor, TN Park, YS Stan, M Butt, DP Maggiore, CJ Tesmer, JR Havrilla, GJ TI Gallium suboxide vapor attack of chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, and their alloys at 1200 degrees C SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE gallium oxide; gallium suboxide; corrosion; chromium; cobalt alloys; molybdenum alloys; tungsten alloys ID 600-800-DEGREES-C; OXIDATION; OXIDE; AIR AB Our prior work elucidated the failure mechanism of furnace materials (304 SS, 316 SS, and Hastelloy C-276) exposed to gallium suboxide (Ga2O) and/or gallium oxide (Ga2O3) during plutonium-gallium compound processing. Failure was hypothesized to result from concurrent alloy oxidation/Ga compound reduction followed by Ga uptake. The aim of the current work is to screen candidate replacement materials. Alloys Haynes 25 (49 Co-20 Cr-15 W-10 Ni-3 Fe-2 Mn-0.4 Si, wt.%), 52Mo-48Re (wt.Yo), 62 W-38 Cu (wt.%), and commercially pure Cr, Co, Mo, W, and alumina were examined. Preliminary assessments of commercially pure W and Mo-Re suggest that these materials may be suitable for furnace construction. Thermodynamic calculations indicating that materials containing Al, Cr, Mn, Si, and V would be susceptible to oxidation in the presence of Ga2O were validated by experimental results. The extent of attack (oxidation, Ga uptake, and elemental redistribution) cannot be predicted based on a simple rule of elemental mixtures-alloy composition plays a strong role. In contrast to that reported previously, an alternate reaction mechanism for Ga uptake, which does not require concurrent alloy oxidation, controls Ga uptake for certain materials. Due to the lack of thermodynamic data, calculations cannot quantitatively predict Ga uptake. However, a correlation between Ga solubility and uptake was noted. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kolman, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 56 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 374 DI 10.1023/A:1010468226875 PG 28 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 463UT UT WOS:000170496200009 ER PT J AU Butler, R Gropp, W Lusk, E AF Butler, R Gropp, W Lusk, E TI Components and interfaces of a process management system for parallel programs SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Clusters and Computational Grids for Scientific Computing CY SEP 25-27, 2000 CL CHATEAU FAVERGES, FRANCE SP INRIA, Natl Sci Fdn, Myricom, Microsoft Res, Compaq, Turbo Linux, Univ Tennessee, Univ Claude Bernard DE parallel job management; process management ID CLUSTERS AB Parallel jobs are different from sequential jobs and require a different type of process management. We present here a process management system for parallel programs such as those written using MPI. A primary goal of the system, which we call MPD (for multipurpose daemon), is to be scalable. By this we mean that startup of interactive parallel jobs comprising thousands of processes is quick, that signals can be quickly delivered to processes, and that stdin, stdout, and stderr are managed intuitively. Our primary target is parallel machines made up of clusters of SMPs, but the system is also useful in more tightly integrated environments. We describe how MPD enables fast startup and convenient runtime management of parallel jobs. We show how close control of stdio can support the easy implementation of a number of convenient system utilities, even a parallel debugger. We describe a simple but general interface that can be used to separate any process manager from a parallel library, which we use to keep MPD separate from MPICH. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. RP Lusk, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1417 EP 1429 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(01)00097-7 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 465MK UT WOS:000170592600003 ER PT J AU McCulloch, IP Bishop, AR Gulacsi, M AF McCulloch, IP Bishop, AR Gulacsi, M TI Density matrix renormalization group algorithm and the two-dimensional t-J model SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Summer School on Strongly Correlated Systems CY SEP 04-09, 2000 CL DEBRECEN, HUNGARY ID DOPED ANTIFERROMAGNETS; PHASE-SEPARATION; HUBBARD-MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; STRIPES; INSULATOR; DYNAMICS; OXIDES AB We describe in detail the application of the recent non-Abelian density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm to the two-dimensional t-J model. This extension of the DMRG algorithm allows us to keep the equivalent of twice as many basis states as the conventional DMRG algorithm for the same amount of computational effort, which permits a deeper understanding of the nature of the ground state. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Dept Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCulloch, IP (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Dept Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM miklos.gulacsi@anu.edu.au RI McCulloch, Ian/A-6037-2011 OI McCulloch, Ian/0000-0002-8983-6327 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1603 EP 1613 DI 10.1080/13642810108208574 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 482FM UT WOS:000171565300016 ER PT J AU Zhai, HY Rusakova, I Fairhurst, R Chu, WK AF Zhai, HY Rusakova, I Fairhurst, R Chu, WK TI Different relaxation mechanisms of epitaxial strain in YBa2Cu3O7-8 films deposited on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURE; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; GROWTH-MECHANISM; YBACUO AB We present a study of strain relaxation mechanisms in epitaxial c-axis YBa2Cu3O7-8 (YBCO) films deposited on SrTiO3 (STO) and LaAlO3 (LAO). A combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction in scanning electron microscopy has shown that a considerable amount of 90 degrees tilted small domains exist in films grown on LAO while only planar and/or linear defects are observed in strain-relaxed films on STO. The 90 degrees tilted domains, which have very limited influence on the superconducting characteristics of YBCO, account for the full relief of epitaxial strain in films on LAO. As the strain relaxation originated from different stages of the film deposition, this study may also explain the different crystalline qualities, surface morphologies, and some of the transport properties of YBCO films on STO and LAO. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Zhai, HY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 81 IS 10 BP 683 EP 690 DI 10.1080/09500830110073391 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 473BC UT WOS:000171018600001 ER PT J AU Maslov, S Mills, M AF Maslov, S Mills, M TI Price fluctuations from the order book perspective - empirical facts and a simple model SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Application of Physics in Economic Modelling CY FEB 08-10, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE limit order; order book; price fluctuations; high-frequency data ID STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; FINANCIAL-MARKETS; VOLATILITY AB Statistical properties of an order book and the effect they have on price dynamics were studied using the high-frequency NASDAQ Level II data. It was observed that the size distribution of marketable orders (transaction sizes) has power law tails with an exponent 1 + mu (market) = 2.4 +/- 0.1. The distribution of limit order (or quote) sizes was found to be consistent with a power law with an exponent close to 2. A somewhat better fit to this distribution was obtained by using a log-normal distribution which has an effective power law exponent equal to 2 in the middle of the observed range. The depth of the order book measured as a price impact of a hypothetical large market order was observed to be a non-linear function of its size. A large imbalance in the number of limit orders placed at bid and ask sides of the book was shown to lead to a predictable short term price change, which is in accord with the law of supply and demand. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Maslov, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009 OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X NR 18 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 299 IS 1-2 BP 234 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(01)00301-6 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484DQ UT WOS:000171675300026 ER PT J AU Martinho, H Martin, AA Moreno, NO Sanjurjo, JA Rettori, C Oseroff, SB Fisk, Z Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL AF Martinho, H Martin, AA Moreno, NO Sanjurjo, JA Rettori, C Oseroff, SB Fisk, Z Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL TI Weak ferromagnetism above T-N in Gd2CuO4 SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article DE weak ferromagnetism; Raman spectroscopy; structural phase transitions; structural distortions; crystallographic domains; bidimensional correlations ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; R2CUO4; EU2CUO4; DISTORTION; CRYSTALS AB In this work we report magnetization and Raman measurements performed in single crystals of Gd2CuO4. The data show the presence of two forbidden Raman modes (fRm), B-1g(*) and B-2g(*), and weak ferromagnetism (WF) in the CuO2 planes up to temperatures well above T(N)(Cu)similar to 280 K. We have studied the T-dependence of the intensity of these fRm and the WF component between 2 and 800 K. The WF component and the relative intensity of the two fRm decrease with increasing T and they vanish at T similar to 650 and 520 K, respectively. Recent neutron diffraction experiments observed a tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition at T congruent to 650 K. These results are interpreted in terms of structural distortions within the CuO2 planes that lead to the existence of a distribution of coexisting tetragonal and orthorhombic crystallographic domains in this system. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Gleb Wataghin Phys Inst, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. UniVap, Inst Res & Dev, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martinho, H (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Gleb Wataghin Phys Inst, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RI Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Martin, Airton/E-6883-2010; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Martinho, Herculano/F-4684-2015; Optica e Eletronica, Laboratorio/A-8669-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; Martin, Airton/0000-0001-5256-8704; Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD OCT PY 2001 VL 305 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)00555-5 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 473WT UT WOS:000171072500006 ER PT J AU Litvinchuk, AP Chen, SY Iliev, MN Chen, CL Chu, CW Popov, VN AF Litvinchuk, AP Chen, SY Iliev, MN Chen, CL Chu, CW Popov, VN TI Carrier dynamics and infrared-active phonons in c-axis oriented RuSr2GdCU2O8 film SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE RuSr2GdCu2O8; carrier dynamics; infrared phonons; lattice dynamics ID METALLIC OXIDES; CRYSTAL AB The conductivity spectra of c-axis oriented thin RuSr2GdCu2O8 film on SrTiO3 substrate, prepared by pulsed-laser deposition, are obtained from the analysis of the reflectivity spectra over broad frequency range and temperatures between 10 and 300 K. The free charge carriers are found to be strongly overdamped with their scattering rate (1.0 eV at room temperature) exceeding the plasma frequency (0.55 eV). Four phonon lines are identified in the experimental spectra and assigned to the specific oxygen related in-plane polarized vibrations based on the comparison with the results of a lattice dynamics shell model calculations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BG-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Litvinchuk, AP (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI ILIEV, MILKO/A-5941-2008; Litvinchuk, Alexander/K-6991-2012; Popov, Valentin/B-7284-2011 OI ILIEV, MILKO/0000-0002-9685-542X; Litvinchuk, Alexander/0000-0002-5128-5232; NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 361 IS 4 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00607-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 480ZZ UT WOS:000171494900002 ER PT J AU Deemyad, S Schilling, JS Jorgensen, JD Hinks, DG AF Deemyad, S Schilling, JS Jorgensen, JD Hinks, DG TI Dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of MgB2 on pressure to 20 GPa SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE MgB2 compound; pressure effect; superconducting transition temperature; lattice stiffening; AC susceptibility; diamond-anvil cell AB The dependence of T-c on nearly hydrostatic pressure has been measured for an isotopically pure (B-11) MgB2 sample in a helium-loaded diamond-anvil-cell to nearly 20 GPa. T-c decreases monotonically with pressure from 39.1 K at ambient pressure to 20.9 K at 19.2 GPa. The initial dependence is the same as that obtained earlier (dT(c)/dP similar or equal to -1.11(2) K/GPa) on the same sample in a He-gas apparatus to 0.7 GPa. The observed pressure dependence T-c(P) to 20 GPa can be readily described in terms of simple lattice stiffening within standard phonon-mediated BCS superconductivity. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Washington Univ, Dept Phys, CB 1105,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM schill@wuphys.wustl.edu NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 361 IS 4 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00939-X PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 480ZZ UT WOS:000171494900001 ER PT J AU Riva, C Peeters, FM Varga, K AF Riva, C Peeters, FM Varga, K TI Positively and negatively charged excitons in a semiconductor quantum well SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Mini-Workshop on Trion Physics CY APR 06-07, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; COMPLEXES AB The energy levels of negatively and positively charged excitons (also called trions) confined in quantum wells are studied in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. The magnetic field dependence of the average inter-particle distance and of the pair correlation function of the singlet and dark triplet states are investigated. A comparison is made with available experimental data on a 200 A wide GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. C1 Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Nat Kunde, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Riva, C (reprint author), Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Nat Kunde, Univ Plein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RI Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013; CMT, UAntwerpen Group/A-5523-2016 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 227 IS 2 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200110)227:2<397::AID-PSSB397>3.0.CO;2-X PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 489HU UT WOS:000171986600015 ER PT J AU Beane, SR Bedaque, PF Childress, L Kryjevski, A McGuire, J van Kolck, U AF Beane, SR Bedaque, PF Childress, L Kryjevski, A McGuire, J van Kolck, U TI Singular potentials and limit cycles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SHORT-RANGE INTERACTIONS; RENORMALIZATION; SYSTEM AB We show that a central l/r(n) singular potential (with n greater than or equal to2) is renormalized by a one-parameter square-well counterterm; low-energy observables are made independent of the square-well width by adjusting the square-well strength. We find a closed form expression for the renormalization-group evolution of the square-well counterterm. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Beane, SR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sbeane@aphys.washington.edu; bedaque@phys.washington.edu; childres@fas.harvard.edu; abk4@u.washington.edu; james.mcguire@yale.edu; vankolck@krl.caltech.edu RI Childress, Lilian/H-1359-2012 OI Childress, Lilian/0000-0002-0507-6392 NR 21 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 042103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.042103 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 482ZU UT WOS:000171609900011 ER PT J AU Chen, MH Cheng, KT Johnson, WR AF Chen, MH Cheng, KT Johnson, WR TI Large-scale relativistic configuration-interaction calculation of the 2s(2) S-1(0)-2s2p P-3(1) intercombination transition in CIII SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; BE-LIKE IONS; C-III; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; BREIT INTERACTION; HEAVY ATOMS; LINE; STATES; PROBABILITIES; AMPLITUDES AB A large-scale, relativistic configuration-interaction (RCI) method has been developed for precision calculations of transition oscillator strengths. It is based on the no-pair Hamiltonian and employs finite B-spline basis functions. For the 2s2 S-1(0)-2s2p P-3(1) intercombination transition in berylliumlike carbon, the present RCI expansions reach close to 200 000 configurations, and include all single and double excitations from valence-valence, core-valence, and core-core interactions, along with dominant triple and quadruple excitations. Resulting length- and velocity-gauge transition rates are very well converged, but still differ by a factor of 2. This strong gauge dependence is found to arise from the neglect of negative-energy states which has negligible effects on length-gauge results but can affect velocity-gauge results significantly. The present intercombination transition rate for C III of 101.6 +/- 0.7 sec(-1) differs from the measured value of 102.94 +/- 0.14 sec(-1) [Doerfert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4355 (1997)] by about 1.3%. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Chen, MH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 34 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 042507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.042507 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 482ZU UT WOS:000171609900047 ER PT J AU Cohen, JS AF Cohen, JS TI Reexamination of over-the-barrier and tunneling ionization of the hydrogen atom in an intense field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; LASER FIELDS; LIMIT AB Ionization of the hydrogen atom in an intense laser field is calculated using the classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method with allowance of tunneling at the classical turning points. With an initial condition of zero angular momentum. excellent agreement with an accurate quantum-mechanical calculation is obtained. The usually mentioned classical threshold for ionization at field strength 0.0625e/a(0)(2) is shown to be irrelevant to realistic pulses, the effective classical thresholds for an adiabatically ramped dc pulse are found to be 0.080e/a(0)(2) in one dimension and 0.130e/a(0)(2) in three dimensions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cohen, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cohen@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 043412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.043412 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 482ZU UT WOS:000171609900096 ER PT J AU Lower, J Weigold, E Berakdar, J Mazevet, S AF Lower, J Weigold, E Berakdar, J Mazevet, S TI Orbital and spin-polarization transfer in ionizing electron-atom collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID IMPACT IONIZATION; FERROMAGNETS; DEPENDENCE; DICHROISM; LITHIUM; SODIUM AB We have performed an experiment in which a polarized electron beam ionizes an orbitally oriented and/or spin-polarized valence electron of sodium. The cross section for this reaction is measured for well-resolved vector momenta of the two electrons in the final channel. In order to study the transfer of the initial spin and orbital orientation from the electron-atom system to the final-state correlated electron pair, we develop a tensorial recoupling scheme in which the measured quantities are expressed in terms of independent, irreducible spherical tensor components. By this procedure the cross section is separated into terms characterized by their specific rotational transformation properties, decoupling of geometrical effects due to initial-state preparation from effects associated with details of the scattering dynamics is achieved, and exchange and orbital angular momentum transfer effects are disentangled. For a comparison with experiment we performed numerical ionization-cross section calculations within the distorted wave Born approximation and the dynamically screened three Coulomb waves theory. For some tensorial parameters significant discrepancies between theory and experiment are observed that underline the importance of the state-specific measurements as stringent tests of scattering theories. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Atom & Mol Phys Labs, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div T, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lower, J (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Atom & Mol Phys Labs, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. OI Berakdar, Jamal/0000-0001-8727-3981 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 042701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.042701 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 482ZU UT WOS:000171609900055 ER PT J AU Mazevet, S Morrison, MA Morgan, LA Nesbet, RK AF Mazevet, S Morrison, MA Morgan, LA Nesbet, RK TI Virtual-state effects on elastic scattering and vibrational excitation of CO2 by electron impact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; CLOSE-COUPLING CALCULATIONS; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; PHASE-MATRIX-METHOD; MOLECULE SCATTERING; RESONANCES; COLLISIONS; REGION AB Near-threshold cross sections for elastic scattering and for excitation of the 100 symmetric stretch vibrational mode of CO2 have been calculated using the energy-modified adiabatic phase matrix method. These calculations are based on fixed-nuclei R matrices at several internuclear geometries that incorporate short-range exchange and correlation effects, The representation of the polarization response of the target inside the R-matrix box is improved using an alternative numerical technique, the AR procedure. These calculations over a range of internuclear distances reveal unanticipated behavior of the near-threshold scattering matrix. A fixed-nuclei virtual state occurs only in a limited range of internuclear separation, changing to a weakly bound state outside this range. Thus an energy pole of the scattering matrix remains near threshold and has a large effect on both elastic and vibrational cross sections, but cannot be simply described as a virtual state. Our quantitative results, in good agreement with experiment, indicate that the present modified adiabatic methodology is adequate to treat this complex behavior. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div T, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. UCL, London, England. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div T, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sdm@t4.lanl.gov; morrison@mail.nhn.ou.edu NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 040701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.040701 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 482ZU UT WOS:000171609900003 ER PT J AU Trabert, E Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Chen, H Thorn, DB Biemont, E AF Trabert, E Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Chen, H Thorn, DB Biemont, E TI Experimental M1 transition rates in highly charged Kr ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; FORBIDDEN LINES; ENERGY-LEVELS; INTERCOMBINATION TRANSITIONS; GROUND CONFIGURATION; TRAP; PROBABILITIES; SPECTRA; MOLYBDENUM AB Atomic level lifetimes have been measured on magnetic dipole (M1) transitions in Si-like, P-like, Ar-like, K-like, and Ca-like ions of Kr, using an electron-beam ion trap in magnetic trapping mode. The lifetimes are compared to various predictions, including the results of different calculations. In Ar-like ions, magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions have been identified as significant competing decay channels. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liege, IPNAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM traebert@ep3.ruhr-uni-bochum.de NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 042511 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 482ZU UT WOS:000171609900051 ER PT J AU Wernet, P Schulz, J Sonntag, B Godehusen, K Zimmermann, P Grum-Grzhimailo, AN Kabachnik, NM Martins, M AF Wernet, P Schulz, J Sonntag, B Godehusen, K Zimmermann, P Grum-Grzhimailo, AN Kabachnik, NM Martins, M TI 2p photoelectron spectra and linear alignment dichroism of atomic Cr SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED MAGNETIC SYSTEMS; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; POLARIZED ATOMS; FE 2P; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; SUM-RULES; PHOTOIONIZATION; 3P AB The 2p photoionization of free Cr atoms has been studied. Unpolarized as well as laser-aligned Cr atoms have been ionized with linearly polarized undulator radiation well above the 2p ionization thresholds. The investigation of the main and satellite 2p photoelectron lines and of the linear alignment dichroism allowed for a detailed characterization of the Cr 2p photoionization process. The spectra are compared to the predictions of the pure jK coupling model and to the results of intermediate coupling Hartree-Fock calculations. The importance of the investigations for the discussion of the 2p photoelectron spectra of bound 3d transition-metal atoms is pointed out. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Atom & Analyt Phys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Phys Expt, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Wernet, P (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, MS 69,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Grum-Grzhimailo, Alexei/D-6274-2012; Wernet, Philippe/A-7085-2013; Zimmermann, Peter/H-3989-2013; Kabachnik, Nikolay/D-9585-2014; Godehusen, Kai/O-9470-2016; OI Wernet, Philippe/0000-0001-7011-9072; Godehusen, Kai/0000-0002-4406-4212; Martins, Michael/0000-0002-1228-5029 NR 35 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 042707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.042707 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 482ZU UT WOS:000171609900061 ER PT J AU Alexandrov, AS Zhao, GM Keller, H Lorenz, B Wang, YS Chu, CW AF Alexandrov, AS Zhao, GM Keller, H Lorenz, B Wang, YS Chu, CW TI Evidence for polaronic Fermi liquid in manganites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; ISOTOPE SHIFT; LA1-XSRXMNO3; LA2-XSRXCUO4; TRANSITION; CONDUCTION; BIPOLARON; TRANSPORT; PHYSICS AB The modem multipolaron theory predicts a polaronic Fermi-liquid state, but such a state has not been unambigously confirmed by experiment so far. Here we report theoretical and experimental studies of the isotope effects on the low temperature kinetic properties of the doped ferromagnetic manganites. Our results provide clear evidence for a polaronic Fermi-liquid state in doped ferromagnetic manganites. C1 Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alexandrov, AS (reprint author), Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. NR 32 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 140404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.140404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000007 ER PT J AU Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Antropov, VP Perlov, AY Yaresko, AN AF Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Antropov, VP Perlov, AY Yaresko, AN TI Electronic structure and magneto-optical Kerr effect of Fe3O4 and Mg2+ - or Al3+-substituted Fe3O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PHASE; POLARIZED LMTO CALCULATIONS; F FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS; VERWEY TRANSITION; BAND THEORY; CATION DISTRIBUTION; MAGNETITE FE3O4; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; PHOTOEMISSION; FERRITES AB The optical and magneto-optical spectra of charge-ordered magnetite (Fe3O4) below the Verwey transition and Mg2+- and Al3+-substituted Fe3O4 are investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac linear muffin-tin orbital band structure method. The electronic structure is obtained with the local spin-density approximation (LSDA), as well as with the so-called LSDA+U approach for which the charge ordering is found to be a stable solution with an energy gap value of 0.19 eV (the experimental value is 0.14 eV) in contrast to a metallic state given by LSDA. The origin of the Kerr rotation realized in the compounds is examined. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, UA-252142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Antonov, VN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 84 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134410 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700065 ER PT J AU Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP Rashkeev, SN AF Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP Rashkeev, SN TI Anisotropy of conducting p states and B-11 nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in Mg1-xAlxB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We calculated the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate in the Mg1-xAlxB2 system and found that the orbital relaxation mechanism dominates over the dipolar and Fermi-contact mechanisms in MgB2 whereas in AlB2 due to a smaller density of states and strong anisotropy of boron p orbitals the relaxation is completely determined by Fermi-contact interaction. The results for MgB2 are compared with existing experimental data. To validate the theory, nuclear resonance experiments for the studied diboride alloy system are needed. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Belashchenko, KD (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Belashchenko, Kirill/A-9744-2008 OI Belashchenko, Kirill/0000-0002-8518-1490 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 132506 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700025 ER PT J AU Callcott, TA Lin, L Woods, GT Zhang, GP Thompson, JR Paranthaman, M Ederer, DL AF Callcott, TA Lin, L Woods, GT Zhang, GP Thompson, JR Paranthaman, M Ederer, DL TI Soft-x-ray spectroscopy measurements of the p-like density of states of B in MgB2 and evidence for surface boron oxides on exposed surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Soft-x-ray absorption and fluorescence measurements are reported for the K edge of B in MgB2. The measurements confirm a high density of B p(xy)(sigma) states at the Fermi edge and extending to approximately 0.9 eV above the edge. A strong resonance is observed in elastic scattering through a core exciton derived from out-of-plane p(z)(pi*) states. Another strong resonance, observed in both elastic and inelastic spectra, is identified as a product of surface boron oxides. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Callcott, TA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 6 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 132504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.132504 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700023 ER PT J AU Chmaissem, O Dabrowski, B Kolesnik, S Mais, J Brown, DE Kruk, R Prior, P Pyles, B Jorgensen, JD AF Chmaissem, O Dabrowski, B Kolesnik, S Mais, J Brown, DE Kruk, R Prior, P Pyles, B Jorgensen, JD TI Relationship between structural parameters and the Neel temperature in Sr1-xCaxMnO3 (0 <= x <= 1) and Sr1-yBayMnO3 (y <= 0.2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE OXIDE PEROVSKITES; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CATION DISORDER; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CAMNO3-DELTA; SYSTEM AB The crystal and magnetic structures of newly synthesized Sr1-xCaMnO3 (0 less than or equal tox less than or equal to1) and Sr1-yBayMnO3 (y less than or equal to0.2) perovskite materials (of the ABO(3) type) were investigated using neutron and synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction at temperatures between 10 and 530 K. Upon decreasing the size of the A-site ion (or the unit-cell size) a series of structural transitions appears at room temperature from cubic Pm (3) over barm to tetragonal I4/mcm (at x similar to0.3) to orthorhombic Pbnm at x similar to0.4. In agreement with neutron-diffraction data, resistive and magnetic measurements show that the samples are antiferromagnetic with Neel temperatures T-N, varying from 233 to similar to 125 K and from 233 to 212 K by increasing the Ca and Ba contents, respectively. The observed variation of T-N cannot be solely explained by the changes of the unit-cell size or the average Mn-0-Mn bond angle theta. The behavior of T-N can be satisfactorily described as a function of [cos(2) theta] related to the superexchange interaction integral, and sigma (2), the A-site ionic size variance [L. M. Rodriguez-Martinez and J. P. Attfield, Phys. Rev. B 54, R 15 622 (1996)] regardless of the structural symmetry of the perovskite material. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chmaissem, O (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 36 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134412 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700067 ER PT J AU Claus, H Welp, U Zheng, H Chen, L Paulikas, AP Veal, BW Gray, KE Crabtree, GW AF Claus, H Welp, U Zheng, H Chen, L Paulikas, AP Veal, BW Gray, KE Crabtree, GW TI Critical current across grain boundaries in melt-textured YBa2Cu3O7-delta rings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTORS; BULK; BICRYSTALS; MISORIENTATION; FILMS; COMPOSITES; JUNCTIONS AB We determine the critical current J(cB) of grain boundaries fabricated by "welding" of melt-textured YBCO with various degrees of ab-plane misalignment. J(cB) is determined by monitoring the magnetic moment due to persistent shielding currents, which were induced in rings containing two sections of a single grain boundary. The voltage drop across the junctions is estimated to be below 10(-12) V, much smaller than in typical transport measurements. As the temperature or magnetic field is increased, an abrupt decrease (kink) is observed in the magnetic moment of the ring when the induced shielding current in the ring exceeds the critical current across the boundaries. The kink signals that flux has begun to penetrate through the grain boundaries into the bore of the ring. This behavior is confirmed by magneto-optical imaging. We observe that grain boundaries with [001] tilt mismatch angles up to 5 degrees have critical current densities in excess of 10(4) A/cm(2), comparable to the bulk current density. At larger mismatch angles, the critical current rapidly decreases with increasing angle. The qualitative behavior of J(cB) as function of temperature, magnetic field, and misorientation angle is similar to that observed YBCO grain boundaries manufactured by other methods. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Claus, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 144507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.144507 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000080 ER PT J AU Cornelius, AL Pagliuso, PG Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL AF Cornelius, AL Pagliuso, PG Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL TI Field-induced magnetic transitions in the quasi-two-dimensional heavy-fermion antiferromagnets Ce(n)Rhln(3n+2) (n=1 or 2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CERHIN5 AB We have measured the field-dependent heat capacity in the tetragonal anti ferromagnets CeRhIn5 and Ce2RhIn8, both of which have an enhanced value of the electronic specific heat coefficient gamma similar to 400 mJ/mol Ce K-2 above T-N. For Tc, both compounds behave in a manner expected for heavy-fermion systems as both T-N and the electronic heat capacity decrease as field is applied. When the field is applied in the tetragonal basal plane (B parallel toa), CeRhIn5 and Ce2RhIn8 have very similar phase diagrams which contain both first- and second-order field-induced magnetic transitions. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cornelius, AL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012 NR 15 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 144411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.144411 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000052 ER PT J AU Eschrig, M Norman, MR Janko, B AF Eschrig, M Norman, MR Janko, B TI Influence of vortices on the magnetic resonance in cuprate superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; VORTEX CORES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TEMPERATURE; YBA2CU3O6+X; DEPENDENCE; STATE AB We investigate several theoretical possibilities for the suppression in a c-axis magnetic field of the magnetic resonance recently observed in inelastic neutron scattering experiments on YBa2Cu3O6.6. We find that neither the Doppler shift of the quasiparticle states caused by supercurrents outside the vortex core, nor an assumed spatially uniform suppression of the coherence factors or spectral gap due to the applied field, can account for the observed effect. In contrast, suppressing the gap or the coherence factors in the vortex core to zero is consistent with the data, and an even simpler description of the data can be achieved by assuming that the resonance is not supported within the core. These three models can then be used to estimate the effective radius xi (eff) around each vortex, which we find to be larger than xi (sc) but smaller than xi (sc) + xi (mag), where xi (sc) and xi (mag) are respectively the superconducting and spin-spin correlation lengths. We use this observation to predict the doping dependence of the field suppression. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Eschrig, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Eschrig, Matthias/B-4786-2009; Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013; OI Eschrig, Matthias/0000-0003-4954-5549 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134509 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700092 ER PT J AU Fisher, RA Bouquet, F Phillips, NE Franck, JP Zhang, GW Gordon, JE Marcenat, C AF Fisher, RA Bouquet, F Phillips, NE Franck, JP Zhang, GW Gordon, JE Marcenat, C TI Electron, spin-wave, hyperfine, and phonon contributions to the low-temperature specific heat of La0.65Ca0.35MnO3: Effects of magnetic fields and O-16/O-18 exchange SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MIXED-VALENCE MANGANITES; FERROMAGNETIC MANGANITES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LA1-XCAXMNO3; LA1-XSRXMNO3; TRANSITION; RESONANCE; DYNAMICS; CAPACITY; ORDER AB The field-dependent low-temperature specific heat of an optimally doped polycrystalline sample of La0.65Ca0.35MnO3 (T-C=265 K), 1 less than or equal toT less than or equal to 32 K and 0 less than or equal toH less than or equal to9 T was analyzed by a global least-square fit to separate the hyperfine, electronic, spin-wave, and lattice contributions. The hyperfine and spin-wave contributions are in quantitative agreement with nuclear magnetic resonance and inelastic neutron-scattering results, respectively, This agreement supports the validity of both the data and their analysis. The calculated bandstructure electron density of states is enhanced by a factor of 1.25. Specific heat was measured for two pieces cut from the O-16 parent sample and processed in parallel to produce an O-18 and a reference O-16 sample. The parallel-processed samples have very much larger lattice contributions (similar to 50% at low temperatures) than the parent sample, and a somewhat larger electronic contribution. Evidently, the many processing cycles needed for O-18 homogeneity produced modifications to both the long-wavelength phonons and the electron density of states. The spin-wave contribution has a small shift-nearly within the experimental accuracy-expected for the O-18/O-16 exchange, while the hyperfine contribution is independent of isotope composition. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Amherst Coll, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. CEA, Dept Rech Fondamentale Matiere Condensee, Serv Phys Magnetisme & Supraconduct, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RP Fisher, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134425 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700080 ER PT J AU Hadjiev, VG Backstrom, J Popov, VN Iliev, MN Meng, RL Xue, YY Chu, CW AF Hadjiev, VG Backstrom, J Popov, VN Iliev, MN Meng, RL Xue, YY Chu, CW TI Symmetry of phonon, magnetic, and spin-phonon excitations in GdSr2RuCu2O8 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTOR RUSR2GDCU2O8; RAMAN-SCATTERING; GD; COEXISTENCE; MODES; EU; RU AB We present a polarized Raman scattering study of GdSr2RuCu2O8 single crystals. In this compound, the RuO6 octahedra are rotated around the c axis that in turn gives some Raman activity of the oxygen (O-Ru) vibrations at 265 cm(-1) (A(1g)), 411 cm(-1) (B-2g) and 607 cm(-1) (B-1g). These vibrations, as well as those of the apical oxygen of RuO6, at 654 cm(-1) (A(1g)) and the Cu-plane oxygen at 318 cm(-1) (B-2g), clearly respond to the onset of magnetic ordering at T-m approximate to 140 K. In particular, the 265 cm(-1) mode hardens anomalously with decreasing temperature below T-m. Notably, the corresponding phonon line is absent in the Raman spectra of GdSr2NbCu2O8 (Nb5+:4d(0)), a compound isomorphic to GdSr2RuCu2O8 (Ru5+:4d(3)). We argue that the eigenvector of the 265 cm(-1) phonon (rotational mode) facilitates efficient modulation of the Ru(t(1g))-O-Ru (p) bands. This modulation gives both Raman scattering strength to the 265 cm(-1) mode and strong spin-phonon coupling. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BG-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hadjiev, VG (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI ILIEV, MILKO/A-5941-2008; Backstrom, Joakim/E-2299-2011; Popov, Valentin/B-7284-2011; Hadjiev, Viktor/A-7069-2008 OI ILIEV, MILKO/0000-0002-9685-542X; Hadjiev, Viktor/0000-0001-8579-9357 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134304 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700055 ER PT J AU Johnston, DC Saito, T Azuma, M Takano, M Yamauchi, T Ueda, Y AF Johnston, DC Saito, T Azuma, M Takano, M Yamauchi, T Ueda, Y TI Modeling of the magnetic susceptibilities of the ambient- and high-pressure phases of (VO)(2)P2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LADDER COMPOUND (VO)(2)P2O7; ALTERNATING-CHAIN COMPOUND; SPIN-GAP; NORMAL-STATE; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SYSTEM (VO)(2)P2O7; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; VANADATES CAV2O5 AB The magnetic susceptibilities chi versus temperature T of powders and single crystals of the ambient-pressure (AP) and high-pressure (HP) phases of (VO)(2)P2O7 are analyzed using an accurate theoretical prediction of chi (T,J(1),J(2)) for the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic alternating-exchange (J(1), J(2)) Heisenberg chain. The results are consistent with recent models with two distinct types of alternating-exchange chains in the AP phase and a single type in the HP phase. The spin gap for each type of chain is derived from the respective set of two fitted alternating-exchange constants and the one-magnon dispersion relation for each of the two types of chains in the AP phase is predicted. The influences of interchain coupling on the derived intrachain exchange constants, spin gaps, and dispersion relations are estimated using a mean-field approximation for the interchain coupling. The accuracies of the spin gaps obtained using fits to the low-T chi (T) data by theoretical low-T approximations are determined. The results of these studies are compared with previously reported estimates of the exchange couplings and spin gaps in the AP and HP phases and with the magnon dispersion relations in the AP phase measured previously using inelastic neutron scattering. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kyoto Univ, Chem Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1068666, Japan. RP Johnston, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Azuma, Masaki/C-2945-2009 OI Azuma, Masaki/0000-0002-8378-321X NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134403 PG 23 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700058 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Alwood, J Stewart, GR Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD AF Kim, JS Alwood, J Stewart, GR Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD TI Specific heat in high magnetic fields and non-Fermi-liquid behavior in CeMIn5 (M = Ir, Co) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; CECU6 AB The low-temperature specific heat, in magnetic fields to 32 T, and the magnetic susceptibility are reported on single crystals of the new heavy-fermion superconductors CeMIn5, M=Ir and Co, as well as the new heavy-fermion antiferromagnet CeRhIn5. The absence of a pronounced field dependence to the specific heat of the Ir and Co systems suggests that the large Sommerfeld coefficients of these compounds are due to correspondingly large effective electron masses. In addition, the indicated non-Fermi-liquid behavior previously suggested from the temperature dependence of the resistivity of CeIrIn5 has been confirmed in our measurements of the susceptibility and specific heat for this compound, as well as in the susceptibility and specific heat of CeCoIn5. The existence of superconductivity in these systems that appears, based on their non-Fermi-liquid behavior, to develop near a quantum critical point is further support for this superconductivity being of unconventional nature. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 38 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134524 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134524 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700107 ER PT J AU Kohori, Y Yamato, Y Iwamoto, Y Kohara, T Bauer, ED Maple, MB Sarrao, JL AF Kohori, Y Yamato, Y Iwamoto, Y Kohara, T Bauer, ED Maple, MB Sarrao, JL TI NMR and NQR studies of the heavy fermion superconductors CeTIn5 (T = Co and Ir) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RELAXATION; CEPD2SI2; CERH2SI2; CECU2SI2; CERHIN5; METALS; ORDER AB We have carried out In-115 and Co-59 nuclear quadrupole resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on CeCoIn5 and CeIrIn5. The temperature T dependence of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1 of In-115 in the normal state indicates that CeCoIn5 is located just at art antiferromagnetic instability, and CeIrIn5 is in the nearly antiferromagnetic region. In the superconducting state, 1/T-1 has no Hebel-Slichter coherence peak just below T-C and a power-law T dependence (close to T-3) at very low temperatures, which indicates the existence of line nodes in the superconducting energy gap. The In-115 (Ce-In plane) Knight shift in CeCoIn5 decreases for both parallel and perpendicular directions to the tetragonal c axis in the superconducting state, which shows that the spin susceptibility decreases in all directions. These results indicate that CeCoIn5 and CeIrIn5 exhibit non-s-wave even parity (probably d-wave) superconductivity. C1 Himeji Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Dept Mat Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Himeji Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Dept Mat Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011 NR 34 TC 184 Z9 184 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134526 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134526 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700109 ER PT J AU Koshelev, AE Vinokur, VM AF Koshelev, AE Vinokur, VM TI Suppression of surface barriers in superconductors by columnar defects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; VORTEX; VORTICES; IRREVERSIBILITY; MAGNETIZATION; FIELD AB We investigate the influence of columnar defects in layered superconductors on the thermally activated penetration of pancake vortices through the surface barrier. Columnar defects, located near the surface, facilitate penetration of vortices through the surface barrier, by creating "weak spots," through which pancakes can penetrate into the superconductor. Penetration of a pancake mediated by an isolated column, located near the surface, is a two-stage process involving hopping from the surface to the column and the detachment from the column into the bulk; each stage is controlled by its own activation barrier. The resulting effective energy is equal to the maximum of those two barriers. For a given external field there exists an optimum location of the column for which the barriers for the both processes are equal and the reduction of the effective penetration barrier is maximal. At high fields the effective penetration field is approximately 2 times smaller than in unirradiated samples. We also estimate the suppression of the effective penetration field by column clusters. This mechanism provides further reduction of the penetration field at low temperatures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Koshelev, AE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134518 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134518 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700101 ER PT J AU Li, DQ Cuenya, BR Pearson, J Bader, SD Keune, W AF Li, DQ Cuenya, BR Pearson, J Bader, SD Keune, W TI Magnetism of step-decorated Fe on Pd(110) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; ISING FILMS; SURFACES; TRANSITION; FE(110); W(110); NANOWIRES; PD(100); CU(111); GROWTH AB We investigate the growth and magnetic properties of submonolayer Fe wedges on a stepped Pd(110) substrate with reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect. RHEED suggests that Fe atoms decorate the steps to form nanostripes. These stripes are ferromagnetic above 0.3 monolayer Fe coverage, or similar to6 Angstrom average stripe width. and have a magnetic easy axis along the surface normal. The onset temperatures of the broadened transition exhibit finite-size scaling with a shift exponent lambda of 1.2 +/-0.3, consistent with two-dimensional Ising expectations. The coercivity is less temperature dependent than the magnetization. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Duisburg, Lab Angew Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. RP Cuenya, BR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Roldan Cuenya, Beatriz/L-1874-2016 OI Roldan Cuenya, Beatriz/0000-0002-8025-307X NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 144410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.144410 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000051 ER PT J AU Montfrooij, W Granroth, GE Mandrus, DG Nagler, SE AF Montfrooij, W Granroth, GE Mandrus, DG Nagler, SE TI Spin dynamics of the quasi-one-dimensional ferromagnet CoCl2 center dot 2D(2)O SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNON BOUND STATES; BLOCH OSCILLATIONS; CHAINS AB We present inelastic neutron scattering experiments of the magnetic excitation spectra Of COCl2. 2D(2)O. We find that the excitation energies are well described by the predictions of linear spin-wave theory for a system of weakly coupled ferromagnetic Ising chains. We use the calculated spin-wave intensities to test the (predicted) existence of magnetic Bloch oscillations in this system. We show that these magnetic Bloch oscillations cannot be observed in CoCl2. 2D(2)O. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Montfrooij, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778; NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134426 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700081 ER PT J AU Olson, CJ Reichhardt, C Vinokur, VM AF Olson, CJ Reichhardt, C Vinokur, VM TI Hysteretic depinning and dynamical melting for magnetically interacting vortices in disordered layered superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; VORTEX LATTICES; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; PERIODIC MEDIA; FLOW; PHASES; SYSTEMS; MODEL; CREEP; NOISE AB We examine the depinning transitions and the temperature versus driving force phase diagram for magnetically interacting pancake vortices in layered superconductors. For strong disorder the initial depinning is plastic followed by a sharp hysteretic transition to a three-dimensional ordered state for increasing driving force. Our results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions for driven anisotropic charge-density wave systems. We also show that a temperature induced peak effect in the critical current occurs due to the onset of plasticity between the layers. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Olson, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 140502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.140502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000012 ER PT J AU Pecharsky, VK Gschneider, KA Pecharsky, AO Tishin, AM AF Pecharsky, VK Gschneider, KA Pecharsky, AO Tishin, AM TI Thermodynamics of the magnetocaloric effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC REFRIGERATORS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HEAT-CAPACITY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; GD-5(SI2GE2); ENTROPY; ALLOYS; FIELDS; DY AB The relationship between the behavior of the temperature-dependent heat capacity at constant pressure measured in different magnetic fields and the magnetocaloric effect in magnetic systems with and without discontinuous change of entropy is discussed. It is shown that the two are directly related to each other, and if the behavior of either property (i.e., the heat capacity or the magnetocaloric effect) is known, the general behavior of the second one can be predicted. The derived relationships are illustrated using several sets of experimental data and model examples. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Pecharsky, VK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Vitkp@AmesLab.Gov RI Tishin, Alexander/E-8705-2014 OI Tishin, Alexander/0000-0003-2252-7279 NR 31 TC 182 Z9 188 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 144406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.144406 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000047 ER PT J AU Petrean, AM Paulius, LM Yan, Y Kirk, MA Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW AF Petrean, AM Paulius, LM Yan, Y Kirk, MA Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW TI Thermal stability of correlated defects introduced by heavy ion irradiation in YBa2Cu3O7-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; DISORDER; POINT AB We study the thermal stability of columnar defects In YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals introduced by irradiation with 3.9 GeV Au29+. The dependence of the critical current density on the annealing temperatures is correlated with changes in the microstructure of the defects, as seen from transmission electron microscopy measurements. We find that the defects induced by irradiation are stable upon thermal annealing up to temperatures of 600 degreesC and that the critical current density at temperatures T greater than or equal to 45 K can actually increase with thermal annealing. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petrean, AM (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134527 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134527 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700110 ER PT J AU Rasamny, M Weinert, M Fernando, GW Watson, RE AF Rasamny, M Weinert, M Fernando, GW Watson, RE TI Electronic structure and thermodynamics of defects in NiAl3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC DEFECTS; AB-INITIO; ALLOYS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ALUMINUM; AL3NI AB We present first-principles calculations of the structural and electronic properties of orthorhombic NiAl3, including the intrinsic point defects. The energies obtained from these calculations are employed in a statistical mechanics model to investigate the role of NiAl3 in the Ni-Al phase diagram. Our calculations show that the preferred constituent defect mechanisms for NiAl3 off stoichiometry are the 8d Ni antisites on the Ni-rich side and Ni vacancies on the Al-rich side. The calculated free energy is in agreement with the observation that NiAl3 is a stoichiometric compound. C1 Delaware State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 19901, Japan. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka. RP Rasamny, M (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 19901, Japan. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 144107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.144107 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000028 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Kolton, AB Dominguez, D Gronbech-Jensen, N AF Reichhardt, C Kolton, AB Dominguez, D Gronbech-Jensen, N TI Phase-locking of driven vortex lattices with transverse ac force and periodic pinning SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION ARRAYS; GIANT SHAPIRO STEPS; CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES; MODE-LOCKING; LOGARITHMIC INTERACTIONS; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; ANTIDOT LATTICE; REGULAR ARRAYS; MAGNETIC DOTS; INTERFERENCE AB For a vortex lattice moving in a periodic array we show analytically and numerically that a new type of phase locking occurs in the presence of a longitudinal dc driving force and a transverse ac driving force. This phase locking is distinct from the Shapiro step phase locking found with longitudinal ac drives. We show that an increase in critical current and a fundamental phase-locked step width scale with the square of the driving ac amplitude. Our results should carry over to other systems such as vortex motion in Josephson-junction arrays. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134508 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700091 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Olson, CJ Scalettar, RT Zimanyi, GT AF Reichhardt, C Olson, CJ Scalettar, RT Zimanyi, GT TI Commensurate and incommensurate vortex lattice melting in periodic pinning arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; SQUARE LATTICE; REGULAR ARRAY; MAGNETIC DOTS; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SIMULATIONS; TRANSITION; DEFECTS; YNI2B2C AB We examine the melting of commensurate and incommensurate vortex lattices interacting with square pinning arrays through the use of numerical simulations. For weak pinning strength in the commensurate case we observe an order-order transition from a commensurate square vortex lattice to a triangular floating solid phase as a function of temperature. This floating solid phase melts into a liquid at still higher temperature. For strong pinning there is only a single transition from the square pinned lattice to the liquid state. For strong pinning in the incommensurate case, we observe a multistage melting in which the interstitial vortices become mobile first, followed by the melting of the entire lattice, consistent with recent imaging experiments. The initial motion of vortices in the incommensurate phase occurs by an exchange process of interstitial vortices with vortices located at the pinning sites. We have also examined the vortex melting behavior for higher matching fields and find that a coexistence of a commensurate pinned vortex solid with an interstitial vortex liquid occurs while at higher temperatures the entire vortex lattice melts. For triangular arrays at incommensurate fields higher than the first matching field we observe that the initial vortex motion can occur through a correlated ring excitation where a number of vortices can rotate around a pinned vortex. We also discuss the relevance of our results to recent experiments of colloidal particles interacting with periodic trap arrays. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret & Appl Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 48 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 144509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.144509 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000082 ER PT J AU Ross, M Yang, LH AF Ross, M Yang, LH TI Effect of chainlike structures on shock-compressed liquid deuterium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; GPA 1-6 MBAR; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; METALLIC HYDROGEN; HIGH-DENSITY; PRESSURE-IONIZATION; SOLID HYDROGEN; FLUID HYDROGEN; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB We show that the presence of short chainlike structures in the dense fluid, modeled hero for simplification as tetramers, can provide a mechanism to explain the surprisingly large compressibility of liquid deuterium observed in recent shock experiments at megabar pressures. The presence of chains leads to a large increase in the density of states and to a lowering of the Hugoniot temperature thereby increasing the compressibility that in turn increases the maximum density attained by the Hugoniot. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134210 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700050 ER PT J AU Skanthakumar, S Williams, CW Soderholm, L AF Skanthakumar, S Williams, CW Soderholm, L TI Electronic and magnetic properties of Cm in Pb(2)Sr(2)Cm(1-x)CaxCu(3)O(8) (x=0.0 and0.5) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; R = LA; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CHARGE LOCALIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PR; DY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PB2SR2PRCU3O8 AB A combination of x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements have been used to study the physical properties of Pb2Sr2Cm1-xCaxCu3O8 (x=0.0,0.5). These Cm compounds are isostructural with the superconducting members of the Pb2Sr2R1-xCaxCu3O8 (R denotes rare earth) series. X-ray absorption and magnetic susceptibility data clearly indicate that the Cm is trivalent in this compound, consistent with the superconducting members of this series. However, Pb2Sr2Cm0.5Ca0.5Cu3O8 is not superconducting. Furthermore, the Cm spins are found to magnetically order in the parent compound Pb2Sr2CmCu3O8 with an ordering temperature of 18 K. Suppression of superconductivity is observed together with high-magnetic ordering temperatures in other high-T-c related compounds synthesized with Cm. The results determined here are put into context with these previous observations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Skanthakumar, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 144521 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000094 ER PT J AU Song, JY Corrales, LR Kresse, G Jonsson, H AF Song, JY Corrales, LR Kresse, G Jonsson, H TI Migration of O vacancies in alpha-quartz: The effect of excitons and electron holes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS SIO2; AB-INITIO; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; OXYGEN VACANCY; CRYSTALLINE; ENERGY; TRANSITION; DIFFUSION; GERMANIUM; CENTERS AB We have used density-functional theory and the nudged elastic-band method to calculate migration pathways and estimated the activation energy for the diffusion of oxygen vacancies in a-quartz. While the energy barrier for the diffusion of a neutral vacancy is very high, 4.1 eV, the binding of a triplet-state exciton to the vacancy lowers the barrier to 1.7 eV and the attachment of a hole lowers the barrier to 1.9 eV, making the vacancy mobile at commonly used annealing temperatures. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Mat Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Univ Washington, Dept Chem 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Jonsson, Hannes/G-2267-2013 OI Jonsson, Hannes/0000-0001-8285-5421 NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134102 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700031 ER PT J AU Stone, MB Zaliznyak, I Reich, DH Broholm, C AF Stone, MB Zaliznyak, I Reich, DH Broholm, C TI Frustration-induced two-dimensional quantum disordered phase in piperazinium hexachlorodicuprate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLET-GROUND-STATE; INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GAP SYSTEM TLCUCL3; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; SPIN-GAP; TRIANGULAR-LATTICE; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; LOW-TEMPERATURES; KAGOME-LATTICE; SQUARE-LATTICE AB Piperazinium hexachlorodicuprate is shown to be a frustrated quasi-two-dimensional quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet with a gapped spectrum. Zero-field inelastic neutron scattering and susceptibility and specific-heat measurements as a function of applied magnetic field are presented. At T=1.5 K, the magnetic excitation spectrum is dominated by a single propagating mode with a gap, Delta =I meV, and bandwidth of approximate to1.8 meV in the (h01) plane. The mode has no dispersion along the b* direction indicating that neighboring a-c planes of the triclinic structure are magnetically decoupled. The heat capacity shows a reduction of the gap as a function of applied magnetic field in agreement with a singlet-triplet excitation spectrum. A field-induced ordered phase is observed in heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility measurements for magnetic fields greater than H-c1 approximate to7.5 T. Analysis of the neutron-scattering data reveals the important exchange interactions and indicates that some of these are highly frustrated. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Zaliznyak, Igor/E-8532-2014 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Zaliznyak, Igor/0000-0002-9886-3255 NR 44 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 14 AR 144405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.144405 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 481QC UT WOS:000171530000046 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Masuda, T Uchinokura, K Nagler, SE AF Zheludev, A Masuda, T Uchinokura, K Nagler, SE TI Zone-boundary excitations in coupled Haldane spin chain compounds PbNi2V2O8 and SrNi2V2O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CHAINS; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; GAP ANTIFERROMAGNET; ORDER; PHASE AB Magnetic excitations in the quasi-one-dimensional quantum anti ferromagnets PbNi2V2O8 and SrNi2V2O8 are measured all the way up to the zone-boundary energy using inelastic neutron scattering from powder samples. An estimate for next-nearest-neighbor in-chain interactions is obtained. The role played by these interactions in spin-vacancy-induced magnetic ordering in PbNi2V2O8 is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bld 7692,MS 6393,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 13 AR 134415 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 479WM UT WOS:000171426700070 ER PT J AU Hotchi, H Nagae, T Outa, H Noumi, H Sekimoto, M Fukuda, T Bhang, H Kim, YD Kim, JH Park, H Tanida, K Hashimoto, O Tamura, H Takahashi, T Sato, Y Endo, T Satoh, S Nishida, J Miyoshi, T Saitoh, T Kishimoto, T Sakaguchi, A Ajimura, S Shimizu, Y Mori, T Minami, S Sumihama, M Sawafta, R Tang, L AF Hotchi, H Nagae, T Outa, H Noumi, H Sekimoto, M Fukuda, T Bhang, H Kim, YD Kim, JH Park, H Tanida, K Hashimoto, O Tamura, H Takahashi, T Sato, Y Endo, T Satoh, S Nishida, J Miyoshi, T Saitoh, T Kishimoto, T Sakaguchi, A Ajimura, S Shimizu, Y Mori, T Minami, S Sumihama, M Sawafta, R Tang, L TI Spectroscopy of medium-heavy Lambda hypernuclei via the (pi(+),K+) reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PARTICLE STATES; K+ REACTION; NUCLEI; C-12(LAMBDA); STRANGENESS; PI+,K+ AB Excitation energy spectra of Y-89(Lambda), V-51(Lambda), and C-12(Lambda) have been measured via the (pi (+),K+) reaction by using the SKS spectrometer at the K6 beam line in the KEK 12-GeV Proton Synchrotron. In the Y-89(Lambda) spectrum, obtained with an energy resolution of 1.65 MeV (FWHM) and in the highest statistics so far, we have succeeded in clearly observing a characteristic fine structure in heavy Lambda hypernuclear systems and precisely obtaining a series of Lambda single-particle energies in the very wide excitation energy range of more than 20 MeV, for the first time. Also in the V-51(Lambda) spectrum, a similar structure to that of Y-89(Lambda) was observed. In the C-12(Lambda) spectrum, new core-excited states were clearly resolved thanks to the best energy resolution of 1.45 MeV so far achieved by using the SKS spectrometer. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. KEK, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Nucl Sci Lab, Sendai, Miyagi 9800826, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Hotchi, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 42 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 044302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.044302 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481GF UT WOS:000171511000021 ER PT J AU Kamada, H Nogga, A Glockle, W Hiyama, E Kamimura, M Varga, K Suzuki, Y Viviani, M Kievsky, A Rosati, S Carlson, J Pieper, SC Wiringa, RB Navratil, P Barrett, BR Barnea, N Leidemann, W Orlandini, G AF Kamada, H Nogga, A Glockle, W Hiyama, E Kamimura, M Varga, K Suzuki, Y Viviani, M Kievsky, A Rosati, S Carlson, J Pieper, SC Wiringa, RB Navratil, P Barrett, BR Barnea, N Leidemann, W Orlandini, G TI Benchmark test calculation of a four-nucleon bound state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY PERMUTATIONAL SYMMETRY; STOCHASTIC VARIATIONAL METHOD; HIGH-PRECISION CALCULATION; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; FEW-BODY PROBLEMS; ALPHA-PARTICLE; HYPERSPHERICAL FUNCTIONS; SHELL-MODEL; 3-NUCLEON SCATTERING; BREAKUP THRESHOLD AB In the past, several efficient methods have been developed to solve the Schrodinger equation for four-nucleon bound states accurately. These are the Faddeev-Yakubovsky, the coupled-rearrangement-channel Gaussian-basis variational, the stochastic variational, the hyperspherical variational, the Green's function Monte Carlo, the no-core shell model, and the effective interaction hyperspherical harmonic methods. In this article we compare the energy eigenvalue results and some wave function properties using the realistic AV8' NN interaction. The results of all schemes agree very well showing the high accuracy of our present ability to calculate the four-nucleon bound state. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37380 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4000 Debrecen, Hungary. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dept Phys, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Povo, Italy. Univ Trent, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Collegato Trento, I-38050 Povo, Italy. RP Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys Theorie, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM kamada@tp2.ruhr-uni-bochum.de RI Nogga, Andreas/A-3354-2008; kievsky, alejandro/A-7123-2011; Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013; Wiringa, Robert/M-4970-2015; Hiyama, Emiko/N-6413-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Barnea, Nir/F-8960-2011 OI Nogga, Andreas/0000-0003-2156-748X; Hiyama, Emiko/0000-0002-6352-5766; Barnea, Nir/0000-0001-8036-3052 NR 69 TC 238 Z9 240 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 044001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.044001 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481GF UT WOS:000171511000016 ER PT J AU Pfitzinger, B Hofmann, HM Hale, GM AF Pfitzinger, B Hofmann, HM Hale, GM TI Elastic p-He-3 and n-H-3 scattering with two- and three-body forces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PREDICTIONS; NUCLEI AB We report on a microscopic calculation of n-H-3 and p-(3) He scattering employing the Argonne v(18) and v(8)(') nucleon-nucleon potentials with and without additional three-nucleon force. An R-matrix analysis of the p-He-3 and n-H-3 scattering data is presented. Comparisons are made for the phase shifts and a selection of measurements in both scattering systems. Differences between our calculation and the R-matrix results or the experimental data can be attributed to only two partial waves (P-3(0) and P-3(2)), We find the effect of the Urbana IX and the Texas-Los Alamos three-nucleon forces on the phase shifts to be negligible. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pfitzinger, B (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 3, Staudtstr 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 044003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.044003 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481GF UT WOS:000171511000018 ER PT J AU Scavenius, O Mocsy, A Mishustin, IN Rischke, DH AF Scavenius, O Mocsy, A Mishustin, IN Rischke, DH TI Chiral phase transition within effective models with constituent quarks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID JONA-LASINIO MODEL; FINITE BARYON DENSITY; GLUON PLASMA; NAMBU; QCD; CHROMODYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; DIAGRAM; MATTER AB We study the chiral phase transition at nonzero temperature T and baryon chemical potential mu (B) within the framework of the linear sigma model and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. For small bare quark masses we find in both models a smooth crossover transition for nonzero T and mu (B) = 0 and a first order transition for T = 0 and nonzero mu (B). We calculate explicitly the first order phase transition line and spinodal lines in the (T, mu (B)) plane. As expected they all end at a critical point. We find that, in the linear sigma model, the sigma mass goes to zero at the critical point. This is in contrast to the NJL model, where the sigma mass, as defined in the random phase approximation, does not vanish. We also compute the adiabatic lines in the (T,mu (B)) plane. Within the models studied here, the critical point does not serve as a "focusing" point in the adiabatic expansion. C1 Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, RU-123182 Moscow, Russia. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Scavenius, O (reprint author), Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. NR 24 TC 207 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 045202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.045202 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481GF UT WOS:000171511000043 ER PT J AU Schiavilla, R Sick, I AF Schiavilla, R Sick, I TI Neutron charge form factor at large q(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DEUTERON SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION A(Q(2)); MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; EXCHANGE; (GEV/C)(2); FORMFACTOR; PROTON; MESON AB The neutron charge form factor G(En)(q) is determined from an analysis of the deuteron quadrupole form factor F-C2(q) data. Recent calculations, based on a variety of different model interactions and currents, indicate that the contributions associated with the uncertain two-body operators of shorter range are relatively small for F-C2(q), even at large momentum transfer q. Hence, G(En)(q) can be extracted frorn F-C2(q) at large q(2) without undue systematic uncertainties from theory. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, Basel, Switzerland. RP Schiavilla, R (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 57 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 041002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.041002 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481GF UT WOS:000171511000002 ER PT J AU Srivastava, BK Albergo, S Bieser, F Brady, FP Caccia, Z Cebra, DA Chacon, AD Chance, JL Choi, Y Costa, S Elliott, JB Gilkes, ML Hauger, JA Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Insolia, A Justice, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Lindenstruth, V Lisa, MA Matis, HS McMahan, M McParland, C Muller, WFJ Olson, DL Partlan, MD Porile, NT Potenza, R Rai, G Rasmussen, J Ritter, HG Romanski, J Romero, JL Russo, GV Sann, H Scharenberg, RP Scott, A Shao, Y Symons, TJM Tincknell, M Tuve, C Wang, S Warren, P Wieman, HH Wienold, T Wolf, K AF Srivastava, BK Albergo, S Bieser, F Brady, FP Caccia, Z Cebra, DA Chacon, AD Chance, JL Choi, Y Costa, S Elliott, JB Gilkes, ML Hauger, JA Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Insolia, A Justice, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Lindenstruth, V Lisa, MA Matis, HS McMahan, M McParland, C Muller, WFJ Olson, DL Partlan, MD Porile, NT Potenza, R Rai, G Rasmussen, J Ritter, HG Romanski, J Romero, JL Russo, GV Sann, H Scharenberg, RP Scott, A Shao, Y Symons, TJM Tincknell, M Tuve, C Wang, S Warren, P Wieman, HH Wienold, T Wolf, K CA EOS Collaboration TI Thermal phase transition in nuclear multifragmentation: The role of Coulomb energy and finite size SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID 1A GEV GOLD; FRAGMENTATION REACTIONS; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; LATTICE MODEL; HOT NUCLEI; PERCOLATION; MATTER; EXTRACTION; CLUSTERS; SIGNALS AB A systematic analysis of the moments of the fragment size distribution has been carried out for the multifragmentation of 1A GeV Au, La, and Kr on carbon. The breakup of Au and La is consistent with a continuous thermal phase transition. The data indicate that the excitation energy per nucleon and isotopic temperature at the critical point decrease with increasing system size. This trend is attributed primarily to the increasing Coulomb energy with finite size effects playing a smaller role. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. GSI Darmstadt, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Insolia, Antonio/M-3447-2015; TUVE', Cristina/P-3933-2015 OI Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566; TUVE', Cristina/0000-0003-0739-3153 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 041605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.041605 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481GF UT WOS:000171511000012 ER PT J AU Vogt, R AF Vogt, R TI Shadowing effects on vector boson production SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PB-PB INTERACTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; 158 GEV/C; ENERGY; SUPPRESSION; DEPENDENCE; QCD AB We explore how nuclear modifications to the nucleon structure functions, shadowing, affect massive gauge boson production in heavy ion collisions at different impact parameters. We calculate the dependence of Z(0), W+, and W- production on rapidity and impact parameter to next-to-leading order in Pb+Pb collisions at 5.5 TeV/nucleon to study quark shadowing at high Q(2). We also compare our Pb+Pb results to the pp rapidity distributions at 14 TeV. C1 GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vogt, R (reprint author), GSI, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. NR 43 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 044901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.044901 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481GF UT WOS:000171511000039 ER PT J AU Zhu, S Garg, U Afanasjev, AV Frauendorf, S Kharraja, B Ghugre, SS Chintalapudi, SN Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T AF Zhu, S Garg, U Afanasjev, AV Frauendorf, S Kharraja, B Ghugre, SS Chintalapudi, SN Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T TI Investigation of antimagnetic rotation in Pd-100 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN; SHEARS MECHANISM; BANDS; NUCLEI; COLLECTIVITY; TERMINATION; PB-197; STATES AB High spin states have been studied in the nucleus Pd-100 with the aim of investigating the novel phenomenon of "antimagnetic rotation." A cascade of four "rotational-band-like" transitions is proposed as corresponding to antimagnetic rotation, based on the observed spectroscopic properties and a comparison with calculations in the configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky formalism. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. IUCDAEF, Calcutta Ctr, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 041302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.64.041302 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481GF UT WOS:000171511000004 ER PT J AU Cheng, HY Yang, KC AF Cheng, HY Yang, KC TI Analysis of B ->phi K decays in QCD factorization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID B-MESON DECAYS AB We analyze the decay B --> phiK within the framework of QCD-improved factorization. We find that although the twist-3 kaon distribution amplitude dominates the spectator interactions, it will suppress the decay rates slightly. The weak annihilation diagrams induced by (S-P)(S+P) penguin operators, which are formally power suppressed by order (A(QCD)/m(b))2, are chirally and logarithmically enhanced. Therefore, these annihilation contributions are not subject to helicity suppression and can be sizable. The predicted branching ratio of B---> phiK(-) is (3.8 +/- 0.6) x 10(-6) in the absence of annihilation contributions, and it becomes (43(-1.4)(+3.0)) x 10(-6) when annihilation effects are taken into account. The prediction is consistent with the experimental data. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Chung Yuan Christian Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 320, Taiwan. RP Cheng, HY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 7 BP art. no. EP 074004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.074004 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 477JK UT WOS:000171280300029 ER PT J AU Gavai, RV Gupta, S AF Gavai, RV Gupta, S TI Quark number susceptibilities, strangeness, and dynamical confinement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SCREENING MASSES; GLUON PLASMA; QCD; THERMODYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE AB We report the first results on the strange quark number susceptibility chi (s), over a large range of temperatures, mainly in the plasma phase of QCD. chi (s) jumps across the phase transition temperature T-c and grows rapidly with temperature above but close to T-c For all quark masses and susceptibilities in the entire temperature range studied, we find a significant departure from ideal-gas values. We also observe a strong correlation between these quantities and the susceptibility in the pseudoscalar channel, supporting ideas of "dynamical confinement" in the high temperature phase of the QCD plasma. C1 Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Theoret Phys, Mumbai 400005, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gavai, RV (reprint author), Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Theoret Phys, Homi Bhabba Rd, Mumbai 400005, India. OI Gavai, Rajiv V./0000-0002-4539-2584 NR 14 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 7 BP art. no. EP 074506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.074506 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 477JK UT WOS:000171280300048 ER PT J AU Gunter, J Dzierba, AR Lindenbusch, R Plinske, KA Rust, DR Scott, E Shepherd, MR Smith, PT Sulanke, T Teige, S Szczepaniak, AP Chung, SU Danyo, K Hackenburg, RW Olchanski, C Weygand, DP Willutzki, HJ Denisov, SP Dorofeev, VA Kachaev, IA Lipaev, VV Popov, AV Ryabchikov, DI Bar-Yam, Z Dowd, JP Eugenio, P Hayek, M Kern, W King, E Shenhav, N Bodyagin, VA Kodolova, OL Korotkikh, VL Kostin, MA Ostrovidov, AI Sarycheva, LI Sinev, NB Vardanyan, IN Yershov, AA Brown, DS Pedlar, TK Seth, KK Wise, J Zhao, D Adams, T Bishop, JM Cason, NM Ivanov, EI LoSecco, JM Manak, JJ Sanjari, AH Shephard, WD Steinike, DL Taegar, SA Thompson, DR Adams, GS Cummings, JP Kuhn, J Napolitano, J Nozar, M Smith, JA White, DB Witkowski, M AF Gunter, J Dzierba, AR Lindenbusch, R Plinske, KA Rust, DR Scott, E Shepherd, MR Smith, PT Sulanke, T Teige, S Szczepaniak, AP Chung, SU Danyo, K Hackenburg, RW Olchanski, C Weygand, DP Willutzki, HJ Denisov, SP Dorofeev, VA Kachaev, IA Lipaev, VV Popov, AV Ryabchikov, DI Bar-Yam, Z Dowd, JP Eugenio, P Hayek, M Kern, W King, E Shenhav, N Bodyagin, VA Kodolova, OL Korotkikh, VL Kostin, MA Ostrovidov, AI Sarycheva, LI Sinev, NB Vardanyan, IN Yershov, AA Brown, DS Pedlar, TK Seth, KK Wise, J Zhao, D Adams, T Bishop, JM Cason, NM Ivanov, EI LoSecco, JM Manak, JJ Sanjari, AH Shephard, WD Steinike, DL Taegar, SA Thompson, DR Adams, GS Cummings, JP Kuhn, J Napolitano, J Nozar, M Smith, JA White, DB Witkowski, M CA E852 Collaboration TI Partial wave analysis of the pi(0) pi(0) system produced in pi(-)p charge exchange collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID REACTION PI(-)P->PI(0)PI(0)N; GEV/C; MESON; RESONANCES; MOMENTUM; REGION; NONET; STATE; GAMS; MASS AB A partial wave analysis of the pi (0)pi (0) system produced in the charge exchange reaction pi (-)p --> pi (0)pi (0)n at an incident momentum of 18.3 GeV/c is presented as a function of the pi (0)pi (0) invariant mass m(pi0 pi0) and momentum transfer squared \t \ from the incident pi (-) to the outgoing pi (0)pi (0) system. For small values of \t \, the S-wave intensity shows a broad enhancement at low m(pi0 pi0) with a sharp dip in the vicinity of the f(0)(980). A dip is also observed in the vicinity of the f(0)(1500). There is a rapid variation of the S to D-0 relative phase difference in these mass regions. For large values of \t \, the f(0)(980) appears as a bump. The f(2)(1270), observed in D waves, is produced dominantly by pi exchange at low values of \t \ and a(2) exchange at higher values of \t \. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Ctr Nucl Theory, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Russia. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Gunter, J (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Vardanyan, Irina/K-7981-2012 NR 30 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 7 BP art. no. EP 072003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.072003 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 477JK UT WOS:000171280300008 ER PT J AU Hewett, JL Petriello, FJ Rizzo, TG AF Hewett, JL Petriello, FJ Rizzo, TG TI Signals for noncommutative interactions at linear colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL THEORIES; SCALE QUANTUM-GRAVITY; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; HIGH-ENERGY; LORENTZ INVARIANCE; GAUGE-THEORIES; FIELD-THEORY; PHENOMENOLOGY; SPACE; CPT AB Recent theoretical results have demonstrated that noncommutative geometries naturally appear within the context of string or M theory. One consequence of this possibility is that QED takes on a non-Abelian nature due to the introduction of 3- and 4-point functions. In addition, each QED vertex acquires a momentum dependent phase factor. We parametrize the effects of noncommutative space-time coordinates and show that they lead to observable signatures in several 2 -->2 QED processes in e(+)e(-) collisions. In particular, we examine pair annihilation, Moller and Bhabha scattering, as well as gamma gamma --> gamma gamma scattering and show that noncommutative scales of order a TeV can be probed at high energy linear colliders. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hewett, JL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 96 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 7 BP art. no. EP 075012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.075012 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 477JK UT WOS:000171280300065 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, BS Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Connolly, A Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, T Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engles, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Green, C Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, M Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kirk, M Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Mesropian, C Miao, C Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nicolaidi, P Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Riegler, W Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, AS Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Signorelli, G Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Takano, T Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vologouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, BS Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Connolly, A Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, T Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engles, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Green, C Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, M Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kirk, M Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Mesropian, C Miao, C Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nicolaidi, P Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Riegler, W Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, AS Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Signorelli, G Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Takano, T Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vologouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Observation of orbitally excited B mesons in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SILICON VERTEX DETECTOR; OSCILLATION FREQUENCY; CDF DETECTOR; HEAVY MESONS; DECAYS AB We measure the relative rate of production of orbitally excited (L = 1) states of B mesons (B**) by observing their decays into B pi (+/-). We reconstruct B mesons through semileptonic decay channels using data collected in p(p) over bar collisions at roots = 1.8 TeV. The fraction of light B mesons that are produced as L = 1B** states is measured to be 0.28 +/- 0.06(stat) +/- 0.03(syst). We also measure the collective mass of the B** states, and quantify the result by quoting the (model-dependent) mass of the lowest B** state to be m(B-1) = 5.71 +/- 0.02 GeV/c(2). C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Korean Hadron Collider Lab, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Affolder, T (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 7 AR 072002 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 477JK UT WOS:000171280300007 ER PT J AU Albright, CH Barr, SM AF Albright, CH Barr, SM TI Realization of the large mixing angle solar neutrino solution in an SO (10) supersymmetric grand unified model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SO(10); HIGGS; OSCILLATIONS AB An SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified model proposed earlier leading to the solar solution involving "just-so" vacuum oscillations is reexamined to study its ability to obtain the other possible solar solutions. It is found that all four viable solar neutrino oscillation solutions can be achieved in the model simply by modification of the right-handed Majorana neutrino mass matrix M-R. Whereas the small mixing and vacuum solutions are easily obtained with several texture zeros in M-R, the currently favored large mixing angle solution requires a nearly geometric hierarchical form for M-R that leads by the seesaw formula to a light neutrino mass matrix which has two or three texture zeros. The form of the matrix which provides the "fine-tuning" necessary to achieve the large mixing angle solution can be understood in terms of Froggatt-Nielsen diagrams for the Dirac and right-handed Majorana neutrino mass matrices. The solution satisfies several leptogenesis requirements which in turn can be responsible for the baryon asymmetry in the universe. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM albright@fnal.gov; smbarr@bartol.udel.edu OI Albright, Carl/0000-0002-2252-6359 NR 26 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 7 AR 073010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.073010 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 477JK UT WOS:000171280300018 ER PT J AU Gross, F Savkli, C Tjon, J AF Gross, F Savkli, C Tjon, J TI Stability of the scalar chi(2)phi interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FEYNMAN-SCHWINGER REPRESENTATION; POLARON VARIATIONAL-METHODS; FIELD-THEORY; PARTICLE REPRESENTATION AB A scalar field theory with a chi (dagger)chi phi interaction is known to be unstable. Yet it has been used frequently without any sign of instability in standard textbook examples and research articles. In order to reconcile these seemingly conflicting results, we show that the theory is stable if the Fock space of all intermediate states is limited to a finite number of closed <(chi )over bar>loops associated with a field chi that appears quadradically in the interaction, and that instability arises only when intermediate states include these loops to all orders. In particular, the quenched approximation is stable. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Gross, F (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 7 AR 076008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.076008 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 477JK UT WOS:000171280300076 ER PT J AU Harada, J Kronfeld, AS Matsufuru, H Nakajima, N Onogi, T AF Harada, J Kronfeld, AS Matsufuru, H Nakajima, N Onogi, T TI O(a)-improved quark action on anisotropic lattices and perturbative renormalization of heavy-light currents SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC LATTICES; IMPROVED GLUON; GAUGE-THEORY; SELF-ENERGY; QCD; FERMIONS; OPERATORS; MESONS AB We investigate the Symanzik improvement of the Wilson quark action on anisotropic lattices. Taking first a general action with nearest-neighbor and clover interactions, we study the mass dependence of the ratio of the hopping parameters, the clover coefficients, and an improvement coefficient for heavy-light vector and axial vector currents. We show how tree-level improvement can be achieved. For a particular choice of the spatial Wilson coupling, the tree-level formulas simplify, and the lattice theory reaches the naive continuum limit for m(0)a(tau) much less than1, m(0)a(sigma)similar to1. (Here ino is the bare quark mass, and a(tau) and a(sigma) are the temporal and spatial lattice spacings.) For other choices, the continuum limit is reached only for m(0)a(sigma)much less than1. With the well-behaved choice we calculate the renormalization factors of heavy-light bilinear operators at one-loop order of perturbation theory. These results allow us to show, numerically, that these one-loop corrections also behave well for m(0)a(tau)much less than1 and m(0)a(sigma)similar to1. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Osaka Univ, Nucl Phys Res Ctr, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. RP Harada, J (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. OI Kronfeld, Andreas/0000-0003-2716-1149 NR 43 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 7 AR 074501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.074501 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 477JK UT WOS:000171280300043 ER PT J AU Masiero, A Piai, M Romanino, A Silvestrini, L AF Masiero, A Piai, M Romanino, A Silvestrini, L TI Signals of supersymmetric flavor models in B physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS; QUARK MASS MATRICES; TO-LEADING ORDER; CP VIOLATION; STANDARD MODEL; SIN 2-BETA; QCD CORRECTIONS; UNITARITY TRIANGLE; UNIFIED THEORIES; SOFT PHASES AB If the mechanism of supersymmetry breaking is not flavor blind, some flavor symmetry is likely to be needed to prevent excessive flavor changing neutral current effects. We discuss two flavor models [based, respectively, on a U(2) and on a SU(3) horizontal symmetry] providing a good fit to fermion masses and mixings and particularly constraining the supersymmetry soft breaking terms. We show that, while reproducing successfully the unitarity triangle fit, it is possible to obtain sizable deviations from the standard model predictions for three clean B-physics observables: the time dependent CP asymmetries in B-d-->J/psiK(0) and in B-s-->J/psi phi and the B-s-(B) over bar (s) mass difference, Our analysis exhibits by means of two explicit realizations that in supersymmetric theories with a new flavor structure, in addition to the Yukawa matrices, there exist concrete potentialities for revealing supersymmetry indirectly in theoretically clean B-physics observables. C1 SISSA, ISAS, I-34013 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP SISSA, ISAS, Via Beirut 4, I-34013 Trieste, Italy. RI Romanino, Andrea/I-3480-2012; OI Romanino, Andrea/0000-0002-5915-4747; Piai, Maurizio/0000-0002-2251-0111; Silvestrini, Luca/0000-0002-2253-4164 NR 66 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 7 AR 075005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.075005 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 477JK UT WOS:000171280300058 ER PT J AU Carlsten, BE AF Carlsten, BE TI Nonlinear focusing by residual-gas ionization in long-pulse electron linacs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BEAM-ION INSTABILITY; INTENSE; EMITTANCE AB For short electron bunches in accelerators, the radial ion density, due to residual-gas ionization faithfully reproduces the radial electron bunch distribution for time scales similar to the electron bunch length. If the electron bunch length is sufficiently long, however, the ions focus and, even for radially uniform electron beams, tend to form a very nonuniform equilibrium distribution. This ion distribution, in turn, leads to nonlinear focusing forces on the electron bunch itself. In this paper, we find the equilibrium distribution when the electron distribution is uniform, and calculate the emittance growth for axial slices in the electron bunch later in time. A regime is found in which the emittance growth is quadratic with both residual gas pressure and electron bunch length. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 046501 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 483RF UT WOS:000171649100087 ER PT J AU Catravas, P Chattopadhyay, S Esarey, E Leemans, WP Assmann, R Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Iverson, R Siemann, RH Walz, D Whittum, D Blue, B Clayton, C Joshi, C Marsh, KA Mori, WB Wang, S Katsouleas, T Lee, S Muggli, P AF Catravas, P Chattopadhyay, S Esarey, E Leemans, WP Assmann, R Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Iverson, R Siemann, RH Walz, D Whittum, D Blue, B Clayton, C Joshi, C Marsh, KA Mori, WB Wang, S Katsouleas, T Lee, S Muggli, P TI Measurements of radiation near an atomic spectral line from the interaction of a 30 GeV electron beam and a long plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL; PULSES AB Emissions produced or initiated by a 30-GeV electron beam propagating through a similar to1-m long heat pipe oven containing neutral and partially ionized vapor have been measured near atomic spectral lines in a beam-plasma wakefield experiment. The Cerenkov spatial profile has been studied as a function of oven temperature and pressure, observation wavelength, and ionizing laser intensity and delay. The Cerenkov peak angle is affected by the creation of plasma, and estimates of neutral and plasma density have been extracted. Increases in visible background radiation, consistent with increased plasma recombination emissions due to dissipation of wakefields, were simultaneously measured. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Catravas, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Assmann, Ralph/L-8457-2016 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 046502 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 483RF UT WOS:000171649100088 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Growth exponents with 3.99 walkers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; FRACTAL GROWTH; DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; LAPLACIAN GROWTH; BRANCHED GROWTH; FLUCTUATIONS; DIMENSIONS; CLUSTERS AB It is argued that the dielectric-breakdown model has an upper critical eta (c) equal to 4, for which the clusters become one dimensional. A renormalization group treatment of the model is presented near the critical eta. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hastings@cnls.lanl.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 046104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.046104 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 483RF UT WOS:000171649100015 PM 11690087 ER PT J AU Kim, SC Cummings, PT AF Kim, SC Cummings, PT TI Adsorption properties of a colloid-polymer mixture confined in a slit pore SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HARD-SPHERE FLUIDS; DIMENSIONAL CROSSOVER; WALL; APPROXIMATION; UNIVERSALITY; MODEL AB The soft fundamental-measure theory, which was based on the additive colloid-polymer mixture [M. Schmidt, Phys. Rev. E 62, 3799 (2000)] has been employed to investigate the adsorption of a colloid-polymer mixture within a hard slit pore. The calculated results show that the adsorption for the confined colloid-polymer mixture is very different from those of the colloid-colloid and polymer-polymer mixtures. The equilibrium particle density distribution strongly depends on the softness of a star polymer. The local relative concentration oscillates with a spatial period close to the diameter of a large particle in the same way as the equilibrium particle density distribution. The size selectivity in adsorption depends both on the softness of a star polymer and on the particle size ratio in a binary mixture. In particular, the strong adsorption occurs at the ultra-soft polymer and high bulk packing fraction. C1 Andong Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Andong 760749, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, SC (reprint author), Andong Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Andong 760749, South Korea. EM sckim@andong.ac.kr RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 041507 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 483RE UT WOS:000171649000035 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, FJ Cohen, ML AF Ribeiro, FJ Cohen, ML TI Amplifying Sommerfeld precursors and producing a discontinuous index of refraction with gains and losses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PULSE-PROPAGATION; LASER AB We show that for specially designed linear dispersive media with one absorption line and one gain line the Sommerfeld precursors of a pulse can be amplified leading to an earlier detection of the signal. Also, we show that in some systems with one strong absorption line, a carefully placed gain resonance must induce a discontinuity in the imaginary part of the frequency dependent index of refraction and in the first derivative of its real part. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ribeiro, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Ribeiro, Filipe/0000-0003-3843-7702 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 046602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.046602 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 483RF UT WOS:000171649100093 PM 11690165 ER PT J AU Toroczkai, Z Korniss, G AF Toroczkai, Z Korniss, G TI Comment on "Extremal-point densities of interface fluctuations in a quenched random medium" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Letter AB Lam and Tan [Phys. Rev. E 62, 6246 (2000)] recently studied the extremal-point densities of interface fluctuations in a quenched random medium. In this Comment we show that their results for systems on a lattice contain algebraic errors leading to invalid conclusions. Further, while most of their calculations for the continuum case are correct, they misinterpret the result to come to an agreement with the (erroneous) lattice calculations. We derive the correct expressions for the lattice, which agree with the correct interpretation of the continuum case. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Toroczkai, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Toroczkai, Zoltan/A-3421-2008; Korniss, Gyorgy/A-7360-2011 OI Toroczkai, Zoltan/0000-0002-6602-2849; NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 048101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.048101 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 483RF UT WOS:000171649100115 PM 11690187 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Borras, K Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, Y Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittman, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelly, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, BH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Kongisberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Wang, C Wang, MJ Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, H Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Borras, K Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, Y Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittman, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelly, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, BH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Kongisberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Wang, C Wang, MJ Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, H Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Double diffraction dissociation at the Fermilab Tevatron collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC DIFFRACTION; POMERON AB We present results from a measurement of double diffraction dissociation in pp collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The production cross section for events with a central pseudorapidity gap of width Delta eta (0) > 3 (overlapping eta = 0) is found to be 4.43 +/- 0.02(stat) 1.18(syst) mb [3.42 +/- 0.01(stat) 1.09(syst) mb] at roots = 1800[630] GeV. Our results are compared with previous measurements and with predictions based on Regge theory and factorization. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Affolder, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015 OI Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 141802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.141802 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500011 ER PT J AU Armitage, NP Lu, DH Kim, C Damascelli, A Shen, KM Ronning, F Feng, DL Bogdanov, P Shen, ZX Onose, Y Taguchi, Y Tokura, Y Mang, PK Kaneko, N Greven, M AF Armitage, NP Lu, DH Kim, C Damascelli, A Shen, KM Ronning, F Feng, DL Bogdanov, P Shen, ZX Onose, Y Taguchi, Y Tokura, Y Mang, PK Kaneko, N Greven, M TI Anomalous electronic structure and pseudogap effects in Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMI-SURFACE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We report a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopic stud of the electron-doped (n-type) cuprate superconductor Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. We observe regions along the Fermi surface where the near-EF intensity is suppressed and the spectral features are broad in a manner reminiscent of the high-energy "pseudogap" in the underdoped p-type (hole doped) cuprates. However, instead of occurring near the (pi, 0) region, as in the p-type materials, this pseudogap falls near the intersection of the underlying Fermi surface with the antiferromagnetic Brillouin zone boundary. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Armitage, NP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; Onose, Yoshinori/F-1977-2010; Taguchi, Yasujiro/A-3048-2010; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 19 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 147003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.147003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500041 PM 11580672 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, ED Gorelenkov, N Cheng, CZ Bell, R Darrow, D Johnson, D Kaye, S LeBlanc, B Menard, J Kubota, S Peebles, W AF Fredrickson, ED Gorelenkov, N Cheng, CZ Bell, R Darrow, D Johnson, D Kaye, S LeBlanc, B Menard, J Kubota, S Peebles, W TI Observation of compressional Alfven modes during neutral-beam heating on the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON EMISSION; MAGNETOSPHERE; INSTABILITY; EXCITATION; PLASMAS; WAVES AB Neutral-beam-driven compressional Alfven eigenmodes at frequencies below the ion cyclotron frequency have been observed and identified for the first time in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. The modes are observed as a broad spectrum of nearly equally spaced peaks in the frequency range from approximate to0.2 omega (ci) to approximate to1.2 omega (ci). The frequency has a scaling with toroidal field and plasma density consistent with Alfven-waves. The modes have been observed with high bandwidth magnetic pickup coils and with a reflectometer. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Plasma & Fus Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Fredrickson, ED (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 14 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 145001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.145001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500023 PM 11580654 ER PT J AU Hu, ZW Lai, B Chu, YS Cai, Z Mancini, DC Thomas, BR Chernov, AA AF Hu, ZW Lai, B Chu, YS Cai, Z Mancini, DC Thomas, BR Chernov, AA TI Phase sensitive X-ray diffraction imaging of defects in biological macromolecular crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; TOPOGRAPHY; CRYSTALLIZATION; PROTEIN; RESOLUTION; LYSOZYME; SPECKLE; GROWTH AB Conventional x-ray diffraction topography is currently used to map defects in the bulk of protein crystals, but the lack of sufficient contrast is frequently a limiting factor. We experimentally demonstrate that this barrier can be circumvented using a method that combines phase sensitive and diffraction imaging principles. Details of defects revealed in tetragonal lysozyme and cubic ferritin crystals are presented and discussed. The approach enabling the detection of the phase changes of diffracted x rays should prove to be useful in the study of defect structures in a broad range of biological macromolecular crystals. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Micrograv Mat Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Hu, ZW (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM zhengwei.hu@msfc.nasa.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 148101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.148101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500044 PM 11580675 ER PT J AU Kusenko, A Steinhardt, PJ AF Kusenko, A Steinhardt, PJ TI Q-Ball candidates for self-interacting dark matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; NONTOPOLOGICAL SOLITONS; BARYOGENESIS; MSSM; CONSTRAINTS; SOLITOSYNTHESIS; FLUCTUATIONS; CONDENSATE; COLLISIONS; MECHANISM AB We show that nontopological solitons, known as Q-balls, are promising candidates for self-interacting dark matter. They can satisfy the cross-section requirements for a broad range of masses. Unlike previously considered examples, Q-balls can stick together after collision, reducing the effective self-interaction rate to a negligible value after a few collisions per particle. This feature modifies predictions for halo formation. We also discuss the possibility that Q-balls have large interaction cross sections with ordinary matter. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Kusenko, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 44 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 141301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.141301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500007 PM 11580638 ER PT J AU Lian, J Wang, LM Wang, SX Chen, J Boatner, LA Ewing, RC AF Lian, J Wang, LM Wang, SX Chen, J Boatner, LA Ewing, RC TI Nanoscale manipulation of pyrochlore: New nanocomposite ionic conductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC CONDUCTION; GADOLINIUM ZIRCONATE; DISORDER; OXIDES; GD2TI2O7; STABILITY; DIFFUSION; FLUORITE; SYSTEM AB The ionic conductivity of isometric pyrochlore, ideally A(2)B(2)O(7), is extremely sensitive to disordering of A- and B-site cations and oxygen anion vacancies. We report the first use of ion beam irradiation-induced disordering in Gd2Ti2O7 to produce a strain-free, buried, disordered defect-fluorite layer approximately 12 mn thick within an ordered pyrochlore matrix. This approach provides a new means of creating nanoscale, mixed ionic-electronic conductors in pyrochlore ceramics, such as those required for solid-state electrochemical cells. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rodewing@umich.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 30 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 145901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.145901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500031 PM 11580662 ER PT J AU Rundle, PB Rundle, JB Tiampo, KF Martins, JSS McGinnis, S Klein, W AF Rundle, PB Rundle, JB Tiampo, KF Martins, JSS McGinnis, S Klein, W TI Nonlinear network dynamics on earthquake fault systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ROCK FRICTION; MODELS AB Earthquake faults occur in interacting networks having emergent space-time modes of behavior not displayed by isolated faults. Using simulations of the major faults in southern California, we find that the physics depends on the elastic interactions among the faults defined by network topology, as well as on the nonlinear physics of stress dissipation arising from friction on the faults. Our results have broad applications to other leaky threshold systems such as integrate-and-fire neural networks. C1 Fairview High Sch, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Colorado Ctr Chaos & Complex, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, CB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rundle, PB (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RI Martins, Jorge/F-7780-2012; Tiampo, Kristy/I-1355-2015; OI Tiampo, Kristy/0000-0002-5500-7600; McGinnis, Seth/0000-0001-8082-834X NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 148501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.148501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500047 PM 11580678 ER PT J AU Wang, EK Wang, XN AF Wang, EK Wang, XN TI Parton energy loss with detailed balance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; QCD; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; COLLISIONS; RADIATION; OPACITY AB Stimulated gluon emission and thermal absorption, in addition to induced radiation, are considered for an energetic parton propagating inside a quark-gluon plasma. In the presence of thermal gluons, stimulated emission reduces, while absorption increases, the parton's energy. The net effect is a reduction of the parton energy loss. Though decreasing asymptotically as TIE with the parton energy, the relative reduction is found to be important for intermediate energies. The modified energy dependence of the energy loss will affect the shape of suppression of moderately high PT hadrons due to jet quenching in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. C1 Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. NR 23 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 142301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.142301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500012 PM 11580643 ER PT J AU Wiedenhover, I Wuosmaa, AH Janssens, RVF Lister, CJ Carpenter, MP Amro, H Bhattacharyya, P Brown, BA Caggiano, J Devlin, M Heinz, A Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Sarantites, DG Siem, S Sobotka, LG Sonzogni, A AF Wiedenhover, I Wuosmaa, AH Janssens, RVF Lister, CJ Carpenter, MP Amro, H Bhattacharyya, P Brown, BA Caggiano, J Devlin, M Heinz, A Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Sarantites, DG Siem, S Sobotka, LG Sonzogni, A TI Identification of the I pi=10(+) yrast rotational state in Mg-24 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Spins and parities of high spin states above the particle-binding threshold in Mg-24 were determined with a basis expansion technique using triple and quadruple angular correlations between ce particles and gamma rays. The first unambiguous identification of a 10(+) state is reported. Located at 19.2(1) MeV, this state decays predominantly by alpha emission, although a candidate gamma -decay branch with a 5.927 MeV transition connecting this 10(+) level to the rotational 8(+) state at 13.2 MeV was identified as wen. The corresponding gamma-alpha branching ratio is 7(3) X 10(-4). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Wiedenhover, I (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 142502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.142502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500015 PM 11580646 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX Ting, CS AF Zhu, JX Ting, CS TI Quasiparticle states at a d-wave vortex core in high-T-c superconductors: Induction of local spin density wave order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-PARTICLE SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; II SUPERCONDUCTOR; SINGLE VORTEX; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; J MODEL; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; LATTICE; FIELDS; LINE AB The local density of states (LDOS) at the vortex lattice cores in-a high-Tc superconductor is studied by using a self-consistent mean-field theory including interactions for both antiferromagnetism (AF) and d-wave superconductivity (DSC). In a zero-field optimally doped sample the AF order is completely suppressed while DSC prevails. In the mixed state, we show that the local AF-like spin density wave order appears near the vortex core and acts as an effective local magnetic field on electrons via Zeeman coupling. As a result, the LDOS at the core exhibits a double-peak structure near the Fermi level that is in good agreement with recent scanning tunneling microscopy observations. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 34 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 14 AR 147002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.147002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 479WV UT WOS:000171427500040 PM 11580671 ER PT J AU Wang, TSF Kurennoy, SS Gluckstern, RL AF Wang, TSF Kurennoy, SS Gluckstern, RL TI Space-charge impedance of rf-shielding wires with external ceramic and conducting pipes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We studied the electrostatic field due to a charged- particle beam with uniform particle density propagating inside an rf- shielding cage (rf cage) constructed from evenly spaced conducting wires. The beam and the rf cage are surrounded by a ceramic beam pipe positioned inside a conducting pipe concentric with the beam and the rf cage. The space- charge impedances in the long wavelength regime are investigated by considering the electrostatic fields due to the longitudinal and transverse perturbations on the density of the charged- particle beam. Shielding effects due to the rf cage are discussed and simple formulas are derived for estimating the space- charge impedances. Numerical examples are given for illustration. Comparisons between analytical estimates and the results produced by the field- solver computer program MAFIA show good agreement. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, TSF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Kurennoy, Sergey/0000-0003-2854-9647 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2001 VL 4 IS 10 BP art. no. EP 104201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.4.104201 PG 24 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 498AV UT WOS:000172488400005 ER PT J AU Bruhwiler, DL Giacone, RE Cary, JR Verboncoeur, JP Mardahl, P Esarey, E Leemans, WP Shadwick, BA AF Bruhwiler, DL Giacone, RE Cary, JR Verboncoeur, JP Mardahl, P Esarey, E Leemans, WP Shadwick, BA TI Particle-in-cell simulations of plasma accelerators and electron-neutral collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLIDING LASER-PULSES; HIGH-INTENSITY LASERS; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; UNDERDENSE PLASMAS; IMPACT IONIZATION; TENUOUS PLASMAS; DRIVEN PLASMA; SCATTERING; ENERGY AB We present 2D simulations of both beam- driven and laser- driven plasma wakefield accelerators, using the object- oriented particle- in- cell code XOOPIC, which is time explicit, fully electromagnetic, and capable of running on massively parallel supercomputers. Simulations of laser- driven wakefields with low (similar to 10(16) W/cm(2) ) and high (similar to 10(18) W/cm(2)) peak intensity laser pulses are conducted in slab geometry, showing agreement with theory and fluid simulations. Simulations of the E- 157 beam wakefield experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, in which a 30 GeV electron beam passes through 1 m of preionized lithium plasma, are conducted in cylindrical geometry, obtaining good agreement with previous work. We briefly describe some of the more significant modifications to XOOPIC required by this work, and summarize the issues relevant to modeling relativistic electron- neutral collisions in a particle- in- cell code. C1 Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, EECS Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Adv Phys, Conifer, CO 80433 USA. RP Bruhwiler, DL (reprint author), Tech X Corp, 5541 Cent Ave,Suite 135, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. OI Bruhwiler, David/0000-0002-2318-8494 NR 81 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2001 VL 4 IS 10 AR 101302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.4.101302 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 498AV UT WOS:000172488400002 ER PT J AU Davidson, RC Qin, H AF Davidson, RC Qin, H TI Guiding-center Vlasov-Maxwell description of intense beam propagation through a periodic focusing field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-PARTICLE BEAMS; DELTA-F SIMULATION; SPACE-CHARGE; STABILITY PROPERTIES; PRESSURE-ANISOTROPY; DOMINATED BEAMS; EQUILIBRIUM; EQUATIONS; THEOREM AB This paper provides a systematic derivation of a guiding- center kinetic model that describes intense beam propagation through a periodic focusing lattice with axial periodicity length S, valid for sufficiently small phase advance (say, sigma < 60). The analysis assumes a thin (a,b much less than S) axially continuous beam, or very long charge bunch, propagating in the z direction through a periodic focusing lattice with transverse focusing coefficients kappa (x) (s + S) = kappa (x) (s) and kappa (y) (s + S) = kappa (y) (s) where S = const is the lattice period. By averaging over the (fast) oscillations occurring on the length scale of a lattice period S, the analysis leads to smooth- focusing Vlasov- Maxwell equations that describe the slow evolution of the guiding-center distribution function (f) over bar (b) ((x) over circle, (y) over circle, (x) over bar', (y) over bar', s) and (normalized) self- field potential psi ((x) over bar, (y) over bar, s) in the four-dimensional transverse phase space ((x) over barx, (y) over bar, (x) over bar', (y) over bar'). In the resulting kinetic equation for (f) over bar (b) ((x) over bar, (y) over bar, (x) over bar', (y) over bar', s) the average effects of the applied focusing field are incorporated in constant focusing coefficients kappa (x) (sf) > 0 and kappa (y) (sf) > 0, and the model is readily accessible to direct analytical investigation. Similar smooth-focusing Vlasov- Maxwell descriptions are widely used in the accelerator physics literature, often without a systematic justification, and the present analysis is intended to place these models on a rigorous, yet physically intuitive, foundation. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Davidson, RC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2001 VL 4 IS 10 AR 104401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.4.104401 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 498AV UT WOS:000172488400006 ER PT J AU Kimura, WD Campbell, LP Dilley, CE Gottschalk, SC Quimby, DC van Steenbergen, A Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Gallardo, JC Kusche, KP Pogorelsky, IV Skaritka, J Yakimenko, V Cline, DB He, P Liu, Y Steinhauer, LC Pantell, RH AF Kimura, WD Campbell, LP Dilley, CE Gottschalk, SC Quimby, DC van Steenbergen, A Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Gallardo, JC Kusche, KP Pogorelsky, IV Skaritka, J Yakimenko, V Cline, DB He, P Liu, Y Steinhauer, LC Pantell, RH TI Detailed experimental results for laser acceleration staging SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID STELLA EXPERIMENT AB Detailed experimental results of staging two laser- driven, relativistic electron accelerators are presented. During the experiment called STELLA (staged electron laser acceleration), an inverse free- electron laser (IFEL) is used to modulate the electron energy, thereby, causing similar to 3 fs microbunches to form separated by the laser wavelength at 10.6 mum (equivalent to a 35 fs period). A second IFEL accelerates the electrons depending upon the phase of the microbunches entering the second IFEL with respect to the laser beam driving the second IFEL. The data presented includes electron energy spectra as a function of the phase delay and laser power driving the first IFEL. Also shown is a comparison with the computer model, which includes space charge and misalignment effects. C1 STI Optron Inc, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kimura, WD (reprint author), STI Optron Inc, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. EM wkimura@stioptronics.com OI Gallardo, Juan C/0000-0002-5191-3067 NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2001 VL 4 IS 10 AR 101301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.4.101301 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 498AV UT WOS:000172488400001 ER PT J AU Kitamura, A AF Kitamura, A TI Thermal effects on liquid film flow during spin coating SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS; ROTATING-DISK; STABILITY; DROPS; DYNAMICS AB A theoretical analysis of the thermal effects on the free-surface film flow on a flat rotating disk is presented. Assuming a small aspect ratio of the initial film thickness to the disk radius and neglecting peripheral effects of the liquid film, the evolution equation describing the shape of thin liquid film interface is obtained as a function of space and time and is solved using perturbation analysis. The results reveal the effects of inertial, gravitational, surface-tension and thermocapillary forces and of variable viscosity on the film planarization and thinning. Among these, it was found that the variable viscosity has the most profound effect on the transient film thickness. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kitamura, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2001 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2788 EP 2794 DI 10.1063/1.1398280 PG 7 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 476LG UT WOS:000171228100005 ER PT J AU Papathanasiou, TD Markicevic, B Dendy, ED AF Papathanasiou, TD Markicevic, B Dendy, ED TI A computational evaluation of the Ergun and Forchheimer equations for fibrous porous media SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC ARRAYS; HEAT-TRANSFER; FIBER BEDS; FLOW; PERMEABILITY; CYLINDERS; PARALLEL; SPARSE AB The results of a comprehensive computational evaluation of the Ergun and Forchheimer equations for the permeability of fibrous porous media are reported in this study. Square and hexagonal arrays of uniform fibers have been considered, as well as arrays in which the fiber size is allowed to change in a regular manner, expressed by a size variation parameter (delta). The range of porosity (phi) examined is from 0.30 to 0.60, the Reynolds number ranges between 0 and 160, and the size variation parameter (6) between 0 (corresponding to the uniform array) and 0.90 (in which case the diameter of the large fibers in the array is 19 times that of the small ones). We obtain computational results for pressure drop and flow rate in a total of 440 cases mapping the (phi,delta ,Re) space; these are presented in terms of a friction factor and are compared to the predictions of the Ergun and Forchheimer equations, both widely used models for the permeability of porous media. In the limit of creeping flow (Re<1), the Forchheimer equation is in excellent agreement with the computational results, while the Ergun equation is unable to capture the behavior of fiber arrays in which the flow has a strong contracting/expanding element. The Forchheimer equation, in its original form, is in closer agreement with the computational results. When the Forchheimer term (F) is expressed as a function of porosity, we obtain a modified form of the Forchheimer equation that is in excellent agreement with computational results for the entire range of (,delta ,Re) examined. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM papathan@engr.sc.edu NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2001 VL 13 IS 10 BP 2795 EP 2804 DI 10.1063/1.1401811 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 476LG UT WOS:000171228100006 ER PT J AU Kapila, AK Menikoff, R Bdzil, JB Son, SF Stewart, DS AF Kapila, AK Menikoff, R Bdzil, JB Son, SF Stewart, DS TI Two-phase modeling of deflagration-to-detonation transition in granular materials: Reduced equations SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; MIXTURE THEORY; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; 2-PHASE DETONATION; RELAXATION; DDT; EXPLOSIVES; ENTROPY; SYSTEMS; TERMS AB Of the two-phase mixture models used to study deflagration-to-detonation transition in granular explosives, the Baer-Nunziato model is the most highly developed. It allows for unequal phase velocities and phase pressures, and includes source terms for drag and compaction that strive to erase velocity and pressure disequilibria. Since typical time scales associated with the equilibrating processes are small, source terms are stiff. This stiffness motivates the present work where we derive two reduced models in sequence, one with a single velocity and the other with both a single velocity and a single pressure. These reductions constitute outer solutions in the sense of matched asymptotic expansions, with the corresponding inner layers being just the partly dispersed shocks of the full model. The reduced models are hyperbolic and are mechanically as well as thermodynamically consistent with the parent model. However, they cannot be expressed in conservation form and hence require a regularization in order to fully specify the jump conditions across shock waves. Analysis of the inner layers of the fall model provides one such regularization [Kapila et al., Phys. Fluids 9, 3885 (1997)], although other choices are also possible. Dissipation associated with degrees of freedom that have been eliminated is restricted to the thin layers and is accounted for by the jump conditions. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM kapila@rpi.edu OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 35 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2001 VL 13 IS 10 BP 3002 EP 3024 DI 10.1063/1.1398042 PG 23 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 476LG UT WOS:000171228100024 ER PT J AU Zaniol, B Isler, RC Brooks, NH West, WP Olson, RE AF Zaniol, B Isler, RC Brooks, NH West, WP Olson, RE TI Measurements of C v flows from thermal charge-exchange excitation in divertor plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DIII-D DIVERTOR; ATOMS AB Certain transitions of C IV (C3+) from n=7 to n=6 (approximate to 7226 Angstrom) and from n=6 to n=5 (approximate to 4660 Angstrom) sometimes appear much brighter in tokamak divertors than expected for electron-impact excitation from the ground state. This situation occurs because of charge exchange between C V (C4+) and recycling thermal deuterium atoms in the n=2 level. As a result, it is possible to extend parallel flow measurements of carbon, which have previously been performed on C II-C IV ions using Doppler shift spectroscopy, to include flows of the He-like C V ions. The work described here includes modeling of the spectral features, correlation of state populations with classical Monte Carlo trajectory (CTMC) predictions, and applications to flow measurements in the DIII-D divertor [Plasma Physics Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159; Proceedings of the 18th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Albuquerque (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Piscataway, 1999), p. 515]. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Padua, INFM, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr, Padua, Italy. Assoc EURATOM ENEA Fus, Consorzio RFX, Padua, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Zaniol, B (reprint author), Univ Padua, INFM, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr, Padua, Italy. RI zaniol, barbara/L-7745-2013; OI zaniol, barbara/0000-0001-9934-8370; Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4386 EP 4389 DI 10.1063/1.1395569 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 473UU UT WOS:000171067100015 ER PT J AU Umansky, MV Betti, R Freidberg, JP AF Umansky, MV Betti, R Freidberg, JP TI Stabilization of the resistive wall mode by flowing metal walls SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; EXTERNAL-MODES; SHELL MODES; STABILITY; TOKAMAKS; FIELD; PINCH AB The effect of flowing metal walls on the resistive wall instabilities is analyzed for a general cylindrically symmetric diffusive pinch configuration. Two types of liquid metal flow are analyzed: a uniform flow which is poloidally symmetric, and a two-stream flow consisting of two opposite streams splitting at the top and merging at the bottom. It is found in both configurations that when the liquid wall flow velocity exceeds a critical value, the resistive wall mode is stabilized. However, for the two-stream flow the critical velocity is several times smaller than that for the uniform flow. Still in a realistic experiment one needs a flow velocity of a few tens m/s to stabilize the resistive wall mode. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14625 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Umansky, MV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4427 EP 4434 DI 10.1063/1.1399328 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 473UU UT WOS:000171067100019 ER PT J AU Lee, WW Lewandowski, JLV Hahm, TS Lin, Z AF Lee, WW Lewandowski, JLV Hahm, TS Lin, Z TI Shear-Alfven waves in gyrokinetic plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIMULATION; THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS; FINITE-BETA; SCHEME AB It is found that the thermal fluctuation level of the shear-Alfven waves in a gyrokinetic plasma is dependent on plasma beta(equivalent toc(s)(2)/v(A)(2)), where c(s) is the ion acoustic speed and v(A) is the Alfven velocity. This unique thermodynamic property based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is verified in this paper using a new gyrokinetic particle simulation scheme, which splits the particle distribution function into the equilibrium part as well as the adiabatic and nonadiabatic parts. The numerical implication of this property is discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lee, WW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4435 EP 4440 DI 10.1063/1.1400124 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 473UU UT WOS:000171067100020 ER PT J AU Stacey, WM Murakami, M AF Stacey, WM Murakami, M TI Momentum confinement in DIII-D shots with impurities SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL-BEAM INJECTION; TOKAMAK PLASMA; DENSITY ASYMMETRIES; TOROIDAL ROTATION; POLOIDAL ROTATION; TRANSPORT AB A neoclassical momentum transport model, consisting of gyroviscous and convective components, is applied to the analysis of momentum confinement in DIII-D [Luxon, Anderson, Batty , Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (IAEA, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] experiments with significant impurity content. Good agreement between predicted and measured central rotation speeds and momentum confinement times is obtained, for L-mode (low-mode) discharges with and without neon injection and for an ELMing (edge-localized modes) H-mode (high-mode) discharge. The observed improvement in momentum confinement time with increasing neon impurity content in the L-mode shots can be accounted for by a neoclassical inward convective momentum flux that increases with impurity content. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Fus Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stacey, WM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Fus Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4450 EP 4454 DI 10.1063/1.1401115 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 473UU UT WOS:000171067100022 ER PT J AU Isler, RC Colchin, RJ Brooks, NH Evans, TE West, WP Whyte, DG AF Isler, RC Colchin, RJ Brooks, NH Evans, TE West, WP Whyte, DG TI Spectroscopic determinations of carbon fluxes, sources, and shielding in the DIII-D divertors SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL EROSION; ASDEX-UPGRADE; PLASMA; IMPACT; BOMBARDMENT; IMPURITIES; GRAPHITE; RELEASE; OXYGEN; ATOMS AB The most important mechanisms for eroding plasma-facing components (PFCs) and introducing carbon into tokamak divertors are believed to be physical sputtering, chemical sputtering, sublimation, and radiation enhance sublimation (RES). The relative importance of these processes has been investigated by analyzing the spectral emission rates and the effective temperatures of CI, CD, and C(2) under several operating conditions in the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159; Proceedings of the 18th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Albuquerque (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Piscataway, 1999), p. 515]. Discrimination of chemical sputtering from physical sputtering is accomplished by quantitatively relating the fraction of CI influxes expected from dissociation of hydrocarbons to the measured CD and C(2) influxes. Characteristics of sublimation are studied from carbon test samples heated to surface temperatures exceeding 2000 K. The shielding efficiency of carbon produced at the divertor target is assessed from comparison of fluxes of neutral atoms and ions; approximately 95% of the primary influx appears to be redeposited before being transported far enough upstream to fuel the core plasma. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Isler, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4470 EP 4482 DI 10.1063/1.1403416 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 473UU UT WOS:000171067100025 ER PT J AU Pointon, TD Stygar, WA Spielman, RB Ives, HC Struve, KW AF Pointon, TD Stygar, WA Spielman, RB Ives, HC Struve, KW TI Particle-in-cell simulations of electron flow in the post-hole convolute of the Z accelerator SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID B ION DIODES AB The three-dimensional, particle-in-cell code QUICKSILVER [J. P. Quintenz , Lasers Part. Beams 12, 283 (1994)] is now being used to simulate the inner region of the Z accelerator [R. B. Spielman , Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories. The simulations model electron flow and anode losses in the double post-hole convolute, which couples four radial, magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) in parallel to a single MITL that drives a Z-pinch load. To efficiently handle the large range in the magnetic field, 0 3.0.CO;2-K PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 490AU UT WOS:000172027500005 ER PT J AU Buchko, GW Kennedy, MA AF Buchko, GW Kennedy, MA TI Hydroxyapatite elution behavior of human nucleotide excision repair protein XPA and fragments of XPA SO PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE LETTERS LA English DT Review ID DNA-BINDING; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; DAMAGED DNA; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; RECOGNITION; NUCLEASE; COMPLEX; DOMAIN; RPA; MECHANISM AB The hydroxyapatite elution behavior of 3 fragments of human XPA (M98-F219 = XPA-MBD; M59-F219 = XPA-EM; M59-M273 = XPA-Delta N58)(-) and full-length human XPA containing a 6-residue, N-terminal histidine tag (h6-XPA) are described. With increasing concentration of potassium phosphate the proteins elute in the order: XPA-EM, XPA-MBD, XPA-Delta N58, and h6-XPA. If hydroxyapatite affinity is related to DNA-binding affinity, then h6-XPA and XPA-Delta N58 may bind DNA more tightly than XPA-MBD and XPA-EM. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015 OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-8665 J9 PROTEIN PEPTIDE LETT JI Protein Pept. Lett. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.2174/0929866013409300 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 474EE UT WOS:000171092000004 ER PT J AU Fahrner, RL Cascio, D Lake, JA Slesarev, A AF Fahrner, RL Cascio, D Lake, JA Slesarev, A TI An ancestral nuclear protein assembly: Crystal structure of the Methanopyrus kandleri histone SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hyperthermophiles; DNA-binding proteins; high resolution; histone; MAD phasing; methanogen; molecular models; nucleosome; recombinant proteins; selenomethionine ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; METHANOTHERMUS-FERVIDUS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; NMR STRUCTURE; NUCLEOSOME; DNA; RESOLUTION; CORE; HYPERTHERMOPHILE; QUALITY AB Eukaryotic histone proteins condense DNA into compact structures called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes were viewed as a distinguishing feature of eukaryotes prior to identification of histone orthologs in methanogens. Although evolutionarily distinct from methanogens, the methane-producing hyperthermophile Methanopyrus kandleri produces a novel, 154-residue histone (HMk). Amino acid sequence comparisons show that HMk differs from both methanogenic and eukaryotic histones, in that it contains two histone-fold motifs within a single chain. The two HMk histone-fold motifs, N and C terminal, are 28% identical in amino acid sequence to each other and similar to 21% identical in amino acid sequence to other histone proteins. Here we present the 1.37-Angstrom -resolution crystal structure of HMk and report that the HMk monomer structure is homologous to the eukaryotic histone heterodimers. In the crystal, HMk forms a dimer homologous to [H3-H4](2) in the eukaryotic nucleosome. Based on the spatial similarities to structural motifs found in the eukaryotic nucleosome that are important for DNA-binding, we infer that the Methanopyrus histone binds DNA in a manner similar to the eukaryotic histone tetramer [H3-H4](2). C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Struct Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Fidel Syst Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA. RAS, MM Shemyakin & Yu A Ovchinnikov Inst Bioorgan Che, Moscow, Russia. RP Lake, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 10 IS 10 BP 2002 EP 2007 DI 10.1110/ps.10901 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 475CU UT WOS:000171144800009 PM 11567091 ER PT J AU Hieftje, GM Barnes, JH Gron, OA Leach, AM McClenathan, DM Ray, SJ Solyom, DA Wetzel, WC Denton, MB Koppenaal, DW AF Hieftje, GM Barnes, JH Gron, OA Leach, AM McClenathan, DM Ray, SJ Solyom, DA Wetzel, WC Denton, MB Koppenaal, DW TI Evolution and revolution in instrumentation for plasma-source mass spectrometry SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUPAC International Congress on Analytical Sciences (ICAS2001) CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; ATOMIC-EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; LA-ICP-MS; LASER-ABLATION; NORMALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; SOLIDS; TOFMS AB Plasma-source mass spectrometry, usually in the form of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), has matured into a widely accepted method for ultra-trace multielemental analysis. However, the method exhibits shortcomings. For example, it does not provide adequate precision for isotope ratio measurements if many isotopes are to be determined, Moreover, isobaric overlaps (spectral interferences) can be very troublesome in some situations. Similarly, matrix interferences can adversely affect many determinations. Yet, it is in the area of high-speed transient measurements that ICP-MS perhaps suffers its greatest weakness, When sampling devices such as flow injection, laser ablation, electrothermal vaporization, or chromatography are employed, the user must choose between broad elemental or isotopic coverage and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). In turn, compromised S/N means lower precision or poorer detection limits. Here, new instrumentation aimed at overcoming these limitations will be described. One system, based on a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, provides excellent detection limits, resolving power better than commercial quadrupole mass filters, precision of at least 0.02% rsd in a ratioing mode, and extraordinarily high speed for use with transient sampling devices, The second instrument is based on a sector-field mass spectrometer but, unlike other such units, is equipped with a focal-plane array detector, So equipped, the system can detect a broad mass range at once. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hieftje, GM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. OI Ray, Steven/0000-0001-5675-1258 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1579 EP 1588 DI 10.1351/pac200173101579 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 510ZA UT WOS:000173236400005 ER PT J AU Wang, ZQ Yeung, ES AF Wang, ZQ Yeung, ES TI Selective detection of neurotransmitters by fluorescence and chemiluminescence imaging SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUPAC International Congress on Analytical Sciences (ICAS2001) CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem ID GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; TUBULAR LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INDUCED NATIVE FLUORESCENCE; FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; EXCITATORY AMINO-ACIDS; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; L-GLUTAMATE; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; BIOLUMINESCENCE ASSAY AB In recent years, luminescence imaging has been widely employed in neurochemical analysis. It has a number of advantages for the study of neuronal and other biological cells: (1) a particular molecular species or cellular constituent can be selectively visualized in the presence of a large excess of other species in a heterogeneous environment; (2) low concentration detection limits can be achieved because of the inherent sensitivity associated with fluorescence and chemiluminescence; (3) low excitation intensities can be used so that long-term observation can be realized while the viability of the specimen is preserved; and (4) excellent spatial resolution can be obtained with the light microscope so subcellular compartments can be identified. With good sensitivity, temporal and spatial resolution, the flux of ions and molecules and the distribution and dynamics of intracellular species can be measured in real time with specific luminescence probes, substrates, or with native fluorescence. A noninvasive detection scheme based on glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymatic assay combined with microscopy was developed to measure the glutamate release in cultured cells from the central nervous system (CNS). The enzyme reaction is very specific and sensitive. The detection limit with CCD imaging is down to muM levels of glutamate with reasonable response time. We also found that chemiluminescence associated with the ATP-dependent reaction between luciferase and luciferin can be used to image ATP at levels down to 10 nM in the millisecond time scale. Similar imaging experiments should be feasible in a broad spectrum of biological systems. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 111 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 73 IS 10 BP 1599 EP 1611 DI 10.1351/pac200173101599 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 510ZA UT WOS:000173236400007 ER PT J AU Dee, DP Rukhovets, L Todling, R Da Silva, AM Larson, JW AF Dee, DP Rukhovets, L Todling, R Da Silva, AM Larson, JW TI An adaptive buddy check for observational quality control SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptive tolerances; data assimilation; quality control ID DATA ASSIMILATION AB An adaptive buddy-check algorithm is presented that adjusts tolerances for suspect observations, based on the variability of surrounding data. The algorithm derives from a statistical hypothesis test combined with maximum-likelihood covariance estimation. Its stability is shown to depend on the initial-identification of outliers by a simple background check. The adaptive feature ensures that the final quality-control decisions are not very sensitive to prescribed statistics of first-guess and observation errors, nor on other approximations introduced into the algorithm. The implementation of the algorithm in a global atmospheric data assimilation is described. Its performance is contrasted with that of a non-adaptive buddy check, for the surface analysis of an extreme storm that took place over Europe on 27 December 1999. The adaptive algorithm allowed the inclusion of many important observations that differed greatly from the first guess and that would have been excluded on the basis of prescribed statistics. The analysis of the storm development was much improved as a result of these additional observations. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Data Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dee, DP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Data Assimilat Off, Mail Code 910-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012 OI da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 127 IS 577 BP 2451 EP 2471 DI 10.1002/qj.49712757714 PN A PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 487TC UT WOS:000171890500013 ER PT J AU Akkerman, A Barak, J Chadwick, MB Levinson, J Murat, M Lifshitz, Y AF Akkerman, A Barak, J Chadwick, MB Levinson, J Murat, M Lifshitz, Y TI Updated NIEL calculations for estimating the damage induced by particles and gamma-rays in Si and GaAs SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE non-ionizing energy loss; space radiation; elastic and inelastic interactions ID CROSS-SECTION; PROTON; SILICON; SEMICONDUCTORS; RADIATION; NUCLEAR AB Systematic calculations of the non-ionizing energy losses (NIEL) have been performed for electrons, protons, neutrons and gamma -rays in Si and GaAs for a wide range of particle energies. Well-established theoretical approaches as well as newly-developed data (ENDF/B-VI for protons and neutrons) have been used for calculating the differential cross sections for energy transfer to the recoils which in turn produce displacement damage. Some differences, found between our calculations and other works, have been explained. Equivalent fluences of particles, i.e. those introducing the same displacement damage, have been estimated. The updated calculations and models presented here are useful for assessing device performance in space and laboratory tests. Crown Copyright (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Soreq NRC, IL-81800 Yavne, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barak, J (reprint author), Soreq NRC, IL-81800 Yavne, Israel. RI Lifshitz, Yeshayahu/E-6043-2011 NR 33 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 62 IS 4 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00207-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 484JQ UT WOS:000171686800001 ER PT J AU Tomilin, NV Solovjeva, LV Svetlova, MP Pleskach, NM Zalenskaya, IA Yau, PM Bradbury, EM AF Tomilin, NV Solovjeva, LV Svetlova, MP Pleskach, NM Zalenskaya, IA Yau, PM Bradbury, EM TI Visualization of focal nuclear sites of DNA repair synthesis induced by bleomycin in human cells SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RAY-SENSITIVE MUTANTS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; EXCISION-REPAIR; HISTONE H2AX; DAMAGE; ANTIGEN; RADIATION AB In this study, we examined DNA repair synthesis in human cells treated with the radiomimetic drug bleomycin, which efficiently induces double-strand breaks (DSBs). Using tyramidebiotin to amplify fluorescent signals, discrete nuclear foci from the incorporation of 5-iododeoxyuridine (IdU) were detected in proliferating human cells treated with bleomycin. We believe this comes from the repair of DSBs. An increase in the number of foci (>5 per nucleus) was detected in a major fraction (75%) of non-S-phase cells labeled for 30 min with IdU I h after the end of bleomycin treatment. The fraction of cells with multiple IdU-containing foci was found to decrease IS h after treatment. The average number of foci per nucleus detected I h after bleomycin treatment was found to decrease twofold between I and 3.5 h, indicating that the foci may be associated with the slow component of DSB repair. The presence of DSBs in bleomycin-treated cells was confirmed using antibodies against phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma -H2AX), which is strictly associated with this type of DNA damage. After treatment with bleomycin, non-S-phase cells also displayed heterogeneous nuclear foci containing tightly bound proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), suggesting an ongoing process of unscheduled DNA synthesis. PCNA is known to be involved in base excision repair, but a fraction of the PCNA foci may also be associated with DNA synthesis occurring during the repair of DSBs. (C) 2001 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, Lab Chromosome Stabil, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tomilin, NV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, Lab Chromosome Stabil, Tikchoretskii Av 4, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 156 IS 4 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)156[0347:VOFNSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 478DE UT WOS:000171327000002 PM 11554846 ER PT J AU Stewart, RD AF Stewart, RD TI Two-lesion kinetic model of double-strand break rejoining and cell killing SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RADIATION-SENSITIVE MUTANT; POTENTIALLY LETHAL DAMAGE; ORDER CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; SHORT DNA FRAGMENTS; IONIZING-RADIATION; CHO CELLS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DOSE-RATE; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS AB Radiobiological models, such as the lethal and potentially lethal (LPL) model and the repair-misrepair (RMR) model, have been reasonably successful at explaining the cell killing effects of radiation. However, the models have been less successful at relating cell killing to the formation, repair and misrepair of double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are widely accepted as the main type of DNA damage responsible for radiation-induced cell killing. A fully satisfactory model should be capable of predicting cell killing for a wide range of exposure conditions using a single set of model parameters. Moreover, these same parameters should give realistic estimates for the initial DSB yield, the DSB rejoining rate, and the residual number of unrepaired DSBs after all repair is complete. To better link biochemical processing of the DSB to cell killing, a two-lesion kinetic (TLK) model is proposed. In the TLK model, the family of all possible DSBs is subdivided into simple and complex DSBs, and each kind of DSB may have its own repair characteristics. A unique aspect of the TLK model is that break ends associated with both kinds of DSBs are allowed to interact in pairwise fashion to form irreversible lethal and nonlethal damages. To test the performance of the TLK model, nonlinear optimization methods are used to calibrate the model based on data for the survival of CHO cells for an extensive set of single-dose and split-dose exposure conditions. Then some of the postulated mechanisms of action are tested by comparing measured and predicted estimates of the initial DSB yield and the rate of DSB rejoining. The predictions of the TLK model for CHO cell survival and the initial DSB yield and rejoining rate are all shown to be in good agreement with the measured data. Studies suggest a yield of about 25 DSBs Gy(-1) cell(-1). About 20 DSBs Gy(-1) cell(-1) are rejoined quickly (15-min repair half-time), and 4 to 6 DSBs Gy-1 cell(-1) are rejoined very slowly (10- to 15-h repair half-time). Both the slowly and fast-rejoining DSBs make substantial contributions to the killing of CHO cells by radiation. Although the TLK model provides a much more satisfactory formalism to relate biochemical processing of DSBs to cell killing than did the earlier kinetic models, some small differences among the measured and predicted CHO cell survival and DSB rejoining data suggest that additional factors and processes not considered in the present work may affect biochemical processing of DSBs and hence cell killing. (C) 2001 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Blvd,POB 99,MSIN K3-55, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM trebor@pnl.gov RI Stewart, Rob/A-2511-2009; Stewart, Robert/A-3609-2013 OI Stewart, Robert/0000-0001-5946-0595 NR 57 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 EI 1938-5404 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 156 IS 4 BP 365 EP 378 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)156[0365:TLKMOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 478DE UT WOS:000171327000004 PM 11554848 ER PT J AU Vo-Dinh, T Cullum, B Griffin, GD AF Vo-Dinh, T Cullum, B Griffin, GD TI Optical nanosensors for single-cell analysis SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID BIOSENSOR C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 EI 1938-5404 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 156 IS 4 BP 437 EP 438 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 478DE UT WOS:000171327000018 ER PT J AU Miller, JH Wilson, WE Lynch, DJ Resat, M Trease, HE AF Miller, JH Wilson, WE Lynch, DJ Resat, M Trease, HE TI Computational dosimetry for electron microbeams: Monte Carlo track simulation combined with confocal microscopy SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ Tri Cities, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 156 IS 4 BP 438 EP 439 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 478DE UT WOS:000171327000019 ER PT J AU Behne, EA Feng, YJ Seidler, GT AF Behne, EA Feng, YJ Seidler, GT TI A compact point focusing spatial filter for x-ray fluorescence and inelastic x-ray scattering studies SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; HOLOGRAPHY; GRAPHITE; DIAMOND AB Appropriately selected absorbers combined with spatial filters are frequently used as x-ray low-pass filters in inelastic x-ray scattering studies and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopies. We describe here a compact point focusing spatial filter with a large collection solid angle and excellent rejection of fluorescence from an absorber when used as an x-ray low pass filter. We expect this instrument to have regular application in x-ray microscopies where momentum resolution is irrelevant, such as x-ray fluorescence holography or fluorescence-mode x-ray absorption fine structure measurements using micro-focused beams. As an additional application, we demonstrate that the filter can also be used as the key component in a filter-based analyzer capable of measuring the near edge structure in non-resonant x-ray Raman scattering with 3.0 eV energy resolution. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Pacific NW Consortium Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Seidler, GT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Seidler, Gerald/I-6974-2012; Feng, Yejun/A-5417-2009 OI Feng, Yejun/0000-0003-3667-056X NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 72 IS 10 BP 3908 EP 3913 DI 10.1063/1.1400154 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 475YL UT WOS:000171197600023 ER PT J AU Odzak, JF Argo, AM Lai, FS Gates, BC Pandya, K Feraria, L AF Odzak, JF Argo, AM Lai, FS Gates, BC Pandya, K Feraria, L TI A flow-through x-ray absorption spectroscopy cell for characterization of powder catalysts in the working state SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MGO AB We report the design and demonstration of an x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) cell used for the characterization of solid (powder) catalysts in operation with gas-phase reactants. The use of powder samples removes complications arising from mass transfer limitations in pressed wafer samples, the typical form of catalyst used in other in situ XAS cells. The new cell allows collection of XAS data at temperatures ranging from about 230 to 470 K, gas flow rates ranging from about 10 to 500 ml min(-1), and pressures ranging from about 1 to 3 atm. The cell is designed to function nearly as a plug flow reactor. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gates, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 10 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 72 IS 10 BP 3943 EP 3945 DI 10.1063/1.1403011 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 475YL UT WOS:000171197600030 ER PT J AU Kim, CH Kao, CC AF Kim, CH Kao, CC TI A mutant viral RNA promoter with an altered conformation retains efficient recognition by a viral RNA replicase through a solution-exposed adenine SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE brome mosaic virus; NMR; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; RNA replication ID BROME MOSAIC-VIRUS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERASE; INITIATION; SEQUENCE AB Brome mosaic virus (BMV) genomic minus-strand RNA synthesis requires an RNA motif named stem-loop C (SLC). An NMR-derived solution structure of SLC was reported by Kim et al. (Nature Struc Biol, 2000, 7:415-423) to contain three replicase-recognition elements, the most important of which is a stable stem with a terminal trinucleotide loop, 5'AUA3'. The 5'-most adenine of the triloop is rigidly fixed to the stem helix by interactions that require the 3'-most adenine, which is called a clamped adenine motif. However, a change of the 3' adenine to guanine (5'AUG3') unexpectedly directed RNA synthesis at 130% of wild type (Kim et al., Nature Struc Biol, 2000, 7:415-423). To understand how RNA with the AUG mutation maintains interaction with the BMV replicase, we used NMR and other biophysical, techniques to elucidate the solution conformation of a 13-nt RNA containing the AUG triloop, called S-AUG. We found that S-AUG has a drastically different loop conformation in comparison to the wild type, as evidenced by an unusual C(.)G loop- closing base pair. Despite the conformational change, S-AUG maintains a solution-exposed adenine similar, to the clamped adenine motif found in the wild type. Biochemical studies of the 5'AUG3' loop with various substitutions in the context of the whole SLC construct confirm that the clamped adenine motif exists in S-AUG remains a primary structural feature required for RNA synthesis by the BMV replicase. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kao, CC (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1476 EP 1485 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 483NZ UT WOS:000171642300013 PM 11680852 ER PT J AU Srivastava, S Dadachova, E AF Srivastava, S Dadachova, E TI Recent advances in radionuclide therapy SO SEMINARS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID METASTATIC BONE PAIN; RESISTANT PROSTATE-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; OSSEOUS METASTASES; PHASE-I/II; INTRAPERITONEAL RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; RADIATION SYNOVECTOMY; SKELETAL METASTASES; NUCLEAR-MEDICINE; FILLED BALLOONS AB A variety of radionuclides continue to be investigated and/or clinically used for different therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. The choice of a particular radionuclide with regard to appropriate emissions, linear energy transfer, and physical half-life is dictated to a large extent by the character of the disease (eg, solid tumor or metastatic disease) and by the carrier used to selectively transport the radionuclide to the desired site. An impressive body of information has appeared in the recent literature that addresses many of these considerations. This article summarizes and discusses the many recent advances and the progress in the clinical applications of therapeutic radionuclides in relatively new and developing areas, such as radioimmunotherapy, peptide therapy, intravascular therapy to prevent restenosis, radiation synovectomy, and bone malignancy therapy. Projections are made as to the future directions and progress in these areas. The crucial issue of a reliable, year-round supply of new and emerging therapeutic radionuclides in quantities sufficient initially for research, and then for routine clinical use, is a very worthy goal which, in the United States, remains to be achieved. Copyright (C) 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Srivastava, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 801,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Dadachova, Ekaterina/I-7838-2013 NR 100 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0001-2998 J9 SEMIN NUCL MED JI Semin. Nucl. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 31 IS 4 BP 330 EP 341 DI 10.1053/snuc.2001.27043 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 490AJ UT WOS:000172025700012 PM 11710775 ER PT J AU Buchman, TG Cobb, JP Lapedes, AS Kepler, TB AF Buchman, TG Cobb, JP Lapedes, AS Kepler, TB TI Complex systems analysis: A tool for shock research SO SHOCK LA English DT Article DE shock; MODS; complex systems; reductionism ID ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME; MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION; SEPTIC SHOCK; MULTIPLE; FAILURE; INFECTION AB For the past century, students of shock have focused research efforts to illuminate specific mechanisms that cause, or fail as a consequence of, circulatory collapse. Although clinical strategies aimed at supporting or restoring individual organ systems have proven effective, many patients succumb to more generalized multiple organ system failure. We suggest that general biological systems failure cannot be interpreted through reliance on reductionist science. We propose that complex systems analysis is an essential tool for shock research and we evaluate its application to genomic technologies. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Buchman, TG (reprint author), Box 8109,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. OI Kepler, Thomas/0000-0002-1383-6865; Buchman, Timothy/0000-0001-7350-5921 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMEDICAL PRESS PI AUGUSTA PA 1021 15TH ST, BIOTECH PARK STE 9,, AUGUSTA, GA 30901 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 4 BP 248 EP 251 DI 10.1097/00024382-200116040-00002 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 472EJ UT WOS:000170970300002 PM 11580104 ER PT J AU Rodrigue, G White, D AF Rodrigue, G White, D TI A vector finite element time-domain method for solving Maxwell's equations on unstructured hexahedral grids SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Maxwell's equations; vector finite element; unstructured grids; edge elements ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING PROBLEMS; PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; NUMERICAL DISPERSION; FIELD COMPUTATION; SPURIOUS MODES; EDGE-ELEMENTS; WAVE-GUIDES; FREQUENCY; SOLVER; WETD AB In this paper the vector finite element time-domain (VFETD) method is derived, analyzed, and validated. The VFETD method uses edge vector finite elements as a basis for the electric field and face vector finite elements as a basis for the magnetic flux density. The Galerkin method is used to convert Maxwell's equations to a coupled system of ordinary differential equations. The leapfrog method is used to advance the fields in time. The method is shown to be stable and to conserve energy and charge for arbitrary hexahedral grids. A numerical dispersion analysis shows the method to be second order accurate on distorted hexahedral grids. Several computational experiments are performed to determine the accuracy and efficiency of the method. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rodrigue, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ghrodrigue@ucdavis.edu; dwhite@llnl.gov NR 48 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 10 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 23 IS 3 BP 683 EP 706 DI 10.1137/S1064827598343826 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 482CF UT WOS:000171556700001 ER PT J AU Rogers, JD Grigg, RB AF Rogers, JD Grigg, RB TI A literature analysis of the WAG injectivity abnormalities in the CO2 process SO SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium CY APR 03-05, 2000 CL TULSA, OKLAHOMA SP Soc Petr Engineers, DOE ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTERFACIAL-TENSION AB This paper summarizes the hypotheses and theories relating to the causes and expectations of injectivity behavior in various CO2 and gasflooded reservoirs. The intent of the paper is to: Provide a concise compendium to the current understanding of the water-alternating-gas (WAG) mechanism and predictability. Provide a comprehensive single-source review of the causes and conditions of injectivity abnormalities in CO2/gasflood EOR projects. Aid in formulating the direction of research. Help operators develop operational and design strategies for current and future projects, as well as to input parameters for simulating current and future projects. C1 US DOE, NETL, Gas Supply Projects Div, Drilling Complet & Stimulat Team, Morgantown, WV USA. US DOE, NETL, Gas Supply Projects Div, Hydrate Resource Technol Team, Morgantown, WV USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Petr Recovery Res Ctr, Gas Flooding Proc & Flow Heterogeneit Sect, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Concoco Prod Res, Ponca City, OK USA. Core Labs Inc, Dallas, TX USA. RP Rogers, JD (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, Gas Supply Projects Div, Drilling Complet & Stimulat Team, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 117 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1094-6470 J9 SPE RESERV EVAL ENG JI SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 4 IS 5 BP 375 EP 386 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 490PE UT WOS:000172059600005 ER PT J AU Polyanskii, AA Gurevich, A Jiang, J Larbalestier, DC Bud'ko, SL Finnemore, DK Lapertot, G Canfield, PC AF Polyanskii, AA Gurevich, A Jiang, J Larbalestier, DC Bud'ko, SL Finnemore, DK Lapertot, G Canfield, PC TI Magneto-optical studies of the uniform critical state in bulk MgB(2) SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; CRITICAL CURRENTS; CURRENT FLOW; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; FIELD; WIRES AB We present a detailed magneto-optical investigation of the magnetic flux penetration in polycrystalline MgB(2) slabs made by direct reaction of B and Mg. Our results unambiguously indicate a uniform, Bean critical state magnetization behaviour with almost no electromagnetic granularity. From the measured magnetic flux profiles we were able to extract the temperature dependence of the critical current density J(c)(T). The J(c)(T) value reaches 1.8 x 10(5) A cm(-2) at 10 K and 0.12 T, in good agreement with global magnetization measurements. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Polyanskii, AA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI LAPERTOT, Gerard/B-3354-2008; Gurevich, Alex/A-4327-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008; Jiang, Jianyi/F-2549-2017 OI Gurevich, Alex/0000-0003-0759-8941; Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208; Jiang, Jianyi/0000-0002-1094-2013 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 14 IS 10 BP 811 EP 815 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/14/10/301 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 488KD UT WOS:000171933600002 ER PT J AU Bearinger, JP Orme, CA Gilbert, JL AF Bearinger, JP Orme, CA Gilbert, JL TI Direct observation of hydration of TiO2 on Ti using electrochemical AFM: freely corroding versus potentiostatically held conditions SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Scanning Probe Microscopy in Biomaterials Science CY JUN 23, 2000 CL BRISTOL, ENGLAND DE titanium; titanium oxide; atomic force microscopy; electrochemical methods; corrosion; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; amorphous thin films; amorphous surfaces; solid-liquid interfaces ID STAINLESS-STEEL; IMPLANT ALLOYS; TITANIUM; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; RESISTANCE; SURFACES; GROWTH AB Hydration of titanium/titanium oxide surfaces under freely corroding and potentiostatically held conditions has been characterized using electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC AFM). In contrast to conventional high vacuum techniques. AFM enables measurement of morphological surface structure in the in situ hydrated state. Electrochemical probes in the imaging environment further enable acquisition of electrical characteristics during AFM imaging. Experiments were performed on etched, electropolished commercially pure titanium. As noted by direct observation and corroborated by power spectral density (Fourier analysis) measurements. oxide domes cover the titanium surface and grow laterally during hydration. Applied potential altered the growth rate. Under open circuit potential conditions, growth proceeded approximately six times faster than under a -1 V applied voltage (1098 +/- 52 nm(2)/min +/- versus 184.84 +/- 19 nm(2)/min). Film growth increased electrical resistance and lowered interfacial capacitance based on step polarization impedance spectroscopy tests. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Bioengn & Neurosci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gilbert, JL (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Bioengn & Neurosci, 365 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM gilbert@ecs.syr.edu RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 491 IS 3 BP 370 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01300-0 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 482DQ UT WOS:000171559900006 ER PT J AU Marshall, GW Yucel, N Balooch, M Kinney, JH Habelitz, S Marshall, SJ AF Marshall, GW Yucel, N Balooch, M Kinney, JH Habelitz, S Marshall, SJ TI Sodium hypochlorite alterations of dentin and dentin collagen SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Internatinal Conference on Scanning Probe Microscopy in Biomaterials Science CY JUN 23, 2000 CL BRISTOL, ENGLAND DE atomic force microscopy; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; biological molecules - proteins; biological compounds; surface defects; porous solids ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HARDNESS; ADHESION; REMOVAL; AFM; DEMINERALIZATION; NANOINDENTATION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; EFFICACY; FRACTURE AB NaOClaq is used as a cleansing and non-specific deproteinizing agent in endodontic treatment. as a component of new chemomechanical caries treatment. and is under study for its alterations of dentin bonding characteristics. We sought to determine the microstructural and nanomechanical changes with such treatments and to test if NaOClaq removed dentin collagen without microstructural or nanomechanical alteration of underlying mineralized dentin. Polished human dentin disks were prepared with a double reference technique that allowed changes to be determined following 10% citric acid etching for 15 s and subsequent treatment of the etched and unetched portions of the sample with 6.5% NaOClaq using atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Nanoscope III, Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA). Images and measurements were made at intervals up to 1800 s. A Triboscope (Hysitron, Minneapolis, MN) on the AFM was used to measure nanohardness and the reduced elastic modulus. The double reference method allowed measurements immediately following etching and at intervals during deproteinization. Etching caused deep peritubular dentin removal and a small depth change of hydrated intertubular dentin as mineral was removed and left a remnant collagen matrix. NaOClaq removed collagen over time, during which individual fibrils could be resolved, the underlying mineralized dentin was left with a unique porous surface containing numerous channels that are not normally observed in etched or fractured dentin. This could provide an attractive bonding substrate because of the increased surface area and high mineral content, if toughness is not reduced too much. Nanomechanical measurements showed that the reduced elastic modulus and hardness were 75% of original values after removal of the exposed collagen. Current dentin bonding systems rely on hybrid layer formation in which hydrophilic primers/polymers penetrate the opened collagen matrix exposed by etching. However some research suggests that preventing hybrid layer formation by deproteinization, in some cases, can give good bonding, and as shown here, alters the substrate microstructure. There are significant changes as indicated by ANOVA in the reduced elastic modulus that require further study to determine if these changes might affect clinical efficacy. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, Div Biomat & Bioengn, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marshall, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, Div Biomat & Bioengn, 707 Parnassus Ave,Box 0758, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 491 IS 3 BP 444 EP 455 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01310-3 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 482DQ UT WOS:000171559900012 ER PT J AU Ivanic, J Ruedenberg, K AF Ivanic, J Ruedenberg, K TI Identification of deadwood in configuration spaces through general direct configuration interaction SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE configuration interaction; direct full configuration interaction; direct selected configuration interaction; configuration interaction expansion truncation ID MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC WAVEFUNCTIONS; CI CALCULATIONS; SCF METHOD; ALGORITHM; ATOMS; ENERGIES AB In order to identify ineffective and, hence, superfluous configurations in algorithmically generated configuration spaces, a direct configuration interaction (CI) method has been developed for determining completely general configurational expansions based on arbitrary determinantal configuration lists. While based on the determinantal ordering scheme of Knowles and Handy, our direct CI algorithm differs from previous ones by the use of the Slater-Condon expressions in direct conjunction with single and double replacements. A full, as well as a completely general selected, CI program has been implemented. With it, full configuration spaces of Ne, C,, CO and H2O with up to about 40 million determinants have been investigated. It has been found that, in all cases, fewer than 1% of the configurations in a natural-orbital-based configuration expansion reproduce the exact results within chemical accuracy. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ruedenberg, K (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 39 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 106 IS 5 BP 339 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s002140100285 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 494GD UT WOS:000172272600003 ER PT J AU Herman, GS Gao, Y AF Herman, GS Gao, Y TI Growth of epitaxial anatase (001) and (101) films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE anatase TiO2; molecuar beam epitaxy; segregation; titanium oxides ID MOLECULAR-BEAM; TIO2 COLLOIDS; THIN-FILM; SURFACE; TIO2(110); RUTILE; WATER; TIO2(001); TITANIA AB Anatase (TiO2) films have been grown by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and low energy electron diffraction indicate that the films grow epitaxially with respect to the substrate. For (001) anatase films grown on SrTiO3 (001) we have found that a (1 X 4) reconstruction is formed under growth conditions. On cooling to room temperature this reconstruction remains. The (101) anatase films were grown on a natural anatase (101) substrate. The natural substrate (i.e., mineral) was used due to the difficulty in obtaining good lattice matched materials for this surface orientation. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that both surfaces are fully oxidized with Ti in the 4+ oxidation state. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Herman, GS (reprint author), Hewlett Packard Corp, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 30 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 397 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01476-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 486WE UT WOS:000171839300025 ER PT J AU Alzoubi, MF Ajayi, OO Woodford, JB Erdemir, A Fenske, GR AF Alzoubi, MF Ajayi, OO Woodford, JB Erdemir, A Fenske, GR TI Scuffing performance of amorphous carbon during dry-sliding contact SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME/STLE Tribology Conference CY OCT 01-04, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers, ASME DE scuffing; scuff resistance; friction; coating adhesion; wear AB Scuffing is a major problem that limits the life and reliability of sliding tribo-components. When scuffing occurs, friction force rises sharply and is accompanied by an increase in noise and vibration; severe wear and plastic deformation also occur on the damaged surface. Attempts have been made over the years to combat scuffing by enhancing the surface properties of the machine elements, and by methods involving lubricant formulation and coating application. In this study the authors evaluated the scuffing performance of an amorphous, near-friction less carbon (NFC) coating that provides super-low friction under dry sliding conditions. The test configuration used a ball-on-flat contact in reciprocating sliding. The coating was deposited on H13 steel. An uncoated 52100 steel ball was tested against various coated flats in room air. Compared to uncoated surfaces, the carbon coating increased the scuffing resistance of the sliding surfaces by two orders of magnitude. Microscopic analysis shows that scuffing occurred on coated surfaces only if the coating had been completely removed. It appears that depending on coating type, the authors observed that coating failure occurs before scuffing failure by one of two distinct mechanisms: the coating failed in a brittle manner and by spalling, or by gradual wear. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alzoubi, MF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 44 IS 4 BP 591 EP 596 DI 10.1080/10402000108982499 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 483VM UT WOS:000171656600010 ER PT J AU Kuhlman, KR Martens, RL Kelly, TF Evans, ND Miller, MK AF Kuhlman, KR Martens, RL Kelly, TF Evans, ND Miller, MK TI Fabrication of specimens of metamorphic magnetite crystals for field ion microscopy and atom probe microanalysis SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 23-28, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA DE oxide; magnetite; field ion microscopy; atom probe microanalysis; focused ion beam; sample preparation AB Field ion specimens have been successfully fabricated from samples of metamorphic magnetite crystals (Fe3O4) extracted from a polymetamorphosed, granulite-facies marble with the use of a focused ion beam. These magnetite crystals contain nanometer-scale, disk-shaped inclusions making this magnetite particularly attractive for investigating the capabilities of atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM) for geological materials. Field ion microscope images of these magnetite crystals were obtained in which the observed size and morphology of the precipitates agree with previous results. Samples were analyzed in the energy compensated optical position-sensitive atom probe. Mass spectra were obtained in which peaks for singly ionized O-16, Fe-56 and (FeO)-Fe-56 and doubly ionized Fe-54, Fe-56 and Fe-57 peaks were fully resolved. Manganese and aluminum were observed in a limited analysis of a precipitate in an energy compensated position sensitive atom probe. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, In Situ Instruments Grp, Device Res & Applicat Sect, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Imago Sci Instruments Corp, Madison, WI 53719 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kuhlman, KR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, In Situ Instruments Grp, Device Res & Applicat Sect, M-S 302-231,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD OCT PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1-3 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(01)00116-4 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 500EV UT WOS:000172613800024 PM 11770743 ER PT J AU Danoix, F Miller, MK Bigot, A AF Danoix, F Miller, MK Bigot, A TI Analysis conditions of an industrial Al-Mg-Si alloy by conventional and 3D atom probes SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 23-28, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA DE Al-Mg-Si; 3D atom probe; analysis conditions ID PRECIPITATION; SCALE AB Industrial 6016 Al-Mg-Si(Cu) alloys are presently regarded as attractive candidates for heat treatable sheet materials. Their mechanical properties can be adjusted for a given application by age hardening of the alloys. The resulting microstructural evolution takes place at the nanometer scale, making the atom probe a well suited instrument to study it. Accuracy of atom probe analysis of these aluminium alloys is a key point for the understanding of the fine scale microstructural evolution. It is known to be strongly dependent on the analysis conditions (such as specimen temperature and pulse fraction) which have been widely studied for ID atom probes. The development of the 3D instruments, as well as the increase of the evaporation pulse repetition rate have led to different analysis conditions, in particular evaporation and detection rates. The influence of various experimental parameters on the accuracy of atom probe data, in particular with regard to hydride formation sensitivity, has been reinvestigated. It is shown that hydrogen contamination is strongly dependent on the electric field at the specimen surface, and that high evaporation rates are beneficial. Conversely, detection rate must be limited to smaller than 0.02 atoms/pulse in order to prevent drastic pile-up effect. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rouen, Fac Sci, UMR 6634, Grp Phys Mat, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pechiney CRV, F-38341 Voreppe, France. RP Danoix, F (reprint author), Univ Rouen, Fac Sci, UMR 6634, Grp Phys Mat, Pl Emile Blondel, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD OCT PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(01)00098-5 PG 12 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 500EV UT WOS:000172613800025 PM 11770745 ER PT J AU Guttikunda, SK Thongboonchoo, N Arndt, RL Calori, G Carmichael, GR Streets, DG AF Guttikunda, SK Thongboonchoo, N Arndt, RL Calori, G Carmichael, GR Streets, DG TI Sulfur deposition in Asia: Seasonal behavior and contributions from various energy sectors SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Asia; annual sulfur deposition; long range transport; seasonal sulfur deposition; sectoral analysis ID DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; TRAJECTORY MODEL; SULFATE; WATERS AB Sulfur transport and deposition in Asia, on an annual and seasonal basis, is analyzed using the ATMOS model. Calculations are performed for two complete years (1990 and 1995). Deposition amounts in excess of 0.5 g S m(-2) yr(-1) are estimated for large regions in Asia, with values as high as 10 g S m(-2) yr(-1) in southeastern China. Annual averaged SO2 concentrations in excess of 20 mug SO2 m(-3) are calculated for many urban and suburban areas of eastern China and S. Korea, with an average of 5 mug SO2 m(-3) over most of the emitter regions. Sulfur deposition by major source categories is also studied. Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore) receives similar to 25% of its sulfur deposition from shipping activities. Sulfur deposition from bio-fuel burning is significant for most of the underdeveloped regions in Asia. Volcanoes are a major source of sulfur emissions in the Pacific Ocean, Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Southern Japan. Sulfur deposition is shown to vary significantly throughout the year. The monsoons are found to be the largest factor controlling sulfur transport and deposition in the Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia. India receives over 35% of its total deposition during the summer months. In East Asia, sulfur deposition is estimated to be 10% higher during summer and fall than winter and spring. Model results are compared with observations from a number of monitoring networks in Asia and are found to be generally consistent with the limited observations. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carmichael, GR (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 131 IS 1-4 BP 383 EP 406 DI 10.1023/A:1011912902825 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 477UK UT WOS:000171302500022 ER PT J AU Hubbard, SS Chen, JS Peterson, J Majer, EL Williams, KH Swift, DJ Mailloux, B Rubin, Y AF Hubbard, SS Chen, JS Peterson, J Majer, EL Williams, KH Swift, DJ Mailloux, B Rubin, Y TI Hydrogeological characterization of the South Oyster Bacterial Transport Site using geophysical data SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING-RADAR; TRAVEL-TIMES; CAPE-COD; AQUIFER; INVERSION; MICROSPHERE; TOMOGRAPHY; SUBSURFACE; BOREHOLE; SOIL AB A multidisciplinary research team has conducted a field-scale bacterial transport study within an uncontaminated sandy Pleistocene aquifer near Oyster, Virginia. The overall goal of the project was to evaluate the importance of heterogeneities in controlling the field-scale transport of bacteria that are injected into the ground for remediation purposes. Geochemical, hydrological, geological, and geophysical data were collected to characterize the site prior to conducting chemical and bacterial injection experiments. In this paper we focus on results of a hydrogeological characterization effort using geophysical data collected across a range of spatial scales. The geophysical data employed include surface ground-penetrating radar, radar cross-hole tomography, seismic cross-hole tomography, cone penetrometer, and borehole electromagnetic flowmeter. These data were used to interpret the subregional and local stratigraphy, to provide high-resolution hydraulic conductivity estimates, and to provide information about the log conductivity spatial correlation function. The information from geophysical data was used to guide and assist the field operations and to constrain the numerical bacterial transport model. Although more field work of this nature is necessary to validate the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of including geophysical data in the characterization effort, qualitative and quantitative comparisons between tomographically obtained flow and transport parameter estimates with hydraulic well bore and bromide breakthrough measurements suggest that geophysical data can provide valuable, high-resolution information. This information, traditionally only partially obtainable by performing extensive and intrusive well bore sampling, may help to reduce the ambiguity associated with hydrogeological heterogeneity that is often encountered when interpreting field-scale bacterial transport data. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Hubbard, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chen, Jinsong/A-1374-2009; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155 NR 58 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2431 EP 2456 DI 10.1029/2001WR000279 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 476DQ UT WOS:000171211300001 ER PT J AU Su, GW Geller, JT Pruess, K Hunt, JR AF Su, GW Geller, JT Pruess, K Hunt, JR TI Solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated fractures SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER-FUNCTION MODEL; ROCK FRACTURES; WATER SEEPAGE; POROUS-MEDIUM; INFILTRATION; INSTABILITY; CHALK; ZONES; FRONT AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to study solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated, inclined fractures. Qualitative aspects of solute transport were identified in a miscible dye tracer experiment conducted in a transparent replica of a natural granite fracture. Additional experiments were conducted to measure the breakthrough curves of a conservative tracer introduced into an established preferential flow path in two different fracture replicas and a rock-replica combination. The influence of gravity was investigated by varying fracture inclination. The relationship between the travel times of the solute and the relative influence of gravity was substantially affected by two modes of intermittent flow that occurred: the snapping rivulet and the pulsating blob modes. The measured travel times of the solute were evaluated with three transfer function models: the axial dispersion, the reactors-in-series, and the lognormal models. The three models described the solute travel times nearly equally well. A mechanistic model was also formulated to describe transport when the pulsating blob mode occurred which assumed blobs of water containing solute mixed with residual pools of water along the flow path. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Su, GW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 421, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2481 EP 2491 DI 10.1029/2000WR000093 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 476DQ UT WOS:000171211300004 ER PT J AU Ott, RD Blue, CA Santella, ML Blau, PJ AF Ott, RD Blue, CA Santella, ML Blau, PJ TI The influence of a heat treatment on the tribological performance of a high wear resistant high SiAl-Si alloy weld overlay SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE hypereutectic Al-Si alloy; wear resistance; heat treatment ID AL-SI; BEHAVIOR AB A high silicon (Si)-containing aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloy surface weld overlay, deposited on 319 Al alloys, has been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in order to improve surface-dependent properties, like resistance to wear. The overlay deposition process relies on standard techniques for Al manufacturing, therefore no unusual equipment is required. Microscopic examination of the high Si Al-Si weld overlays show a fine eutectic microstructure containing large Si particles, with the overall microstructure characteristic of a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy, similar to 390 Al alloy. The deposition process is versatile enough to be able to place the overlay in critical areas where high wear resistance is needed, thus reducing the overall cost of a component. In order to quantify the wear resistance of the high Si Al-Si overlays, they have been evaluated alongside 390 Al alloy which exhibits high wear resistance. Pin-on-disk (POD) wear tests have been performed on heat-treated (HT) and non-heat-treated specimens consisting of the high Si Al-Si overlays deposited on 319 Al alloy, bulk 390 Al alloys, and bulk 319 Al alloys. The high Si Al-Si weld overlay shows potential as a replacement of bulk 390 Al alloy for applications requiring high wear resistance. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ott, RD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ottr@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD OCT PY 2001 VL 251 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00744-X PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 489VJ UT WOS:000172012900006 ER PT J AU Alman, DE Hawk, JA Tylczak, JH Dogan, CP Wilson, RD AF Alman, DE Hawk, JA Tylczak, JH Dogan, CP Wilson, RD TI Wear of iron-aluminide intermetallic-based alloys and composites by hard particles SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE abrasion; solid particle erosion; Fe3Al; FeAl; composites; cermets ID PRESSURELESS MELT INFILTRATION; ABRASIVE WEAR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ORDERED FE3AL; WC-CO; MICROSTRUCTURE; EROSION; RESISTANCE; FE AB In this study, the resistance of alloys and composites based on the intermetallic compounds Fe3Al and FeAl to wear by hard particles was assessed and compared to the behavior of selected metals, alloys, other intermetallic compounds and ceramics. Pin abrasion tests were performed on these materials at room temperature. Among other things, it was found that as the Al atomic percent in binary Fe-Al increased, the alloys became more abrasion resistant. In summary, the ranking of the alloys in terms of abrasion resistance from the most resistant to the least resistant proceeds as follows: FeAl > Fe3Al > alpha -Fe alloy with 16 at.% Al > pure Fe > pure Al. These results are discussed in terms of the hardnesses of the respective alloys. The addition between 40 and 70 vol.% of a hard second phase (e.g. TiC or TiB2) decreased the wear rate of the Fe3Al and FeAl composites by an order of magnitude compared to the parent alloy. In addition, solid particle erosion tests were performed on an FeAl alloy, and FeAl + 80 vol.% TiC, FeAl + 80 vol.% WC, FeAl + 80 vol.% TiB2 cermets at 25, 180, 500 and 700 degreesC, and the results were compared to erosion behavior of several conventional alloys and cemented carbides (WC-Co). The ranking of the erosion resistance of the FeAl alloys and composite materials was as follows: (most resistant) FeAl-WC > FeAl-TiB2 > FeAl-TiC > FeAl (least resistant). This behavior was related to both the cermet micro structure and material removal mechanisms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Alman, DE (reprint author), US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Tylczak, Joseph/C-7956-2009 OI Tylczak, Joseph/0000-0002-0391-2350 NR 29 TC 57 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 EI 1873-2577 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD OCT PY 2001 VL 251 BP 875 EP 884 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00745-1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 489VJ UT WOS:000172012900007 ER PT J AU Alman, DE Hawk, JA AF Alman, DE Hawk, JA TI Abrasive wear behavior of a brittle matrix (MoSi2) composite reinforced with a ductile phase (Nb) SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE composites; ductile phase toughened; MoSi2; Nb ID IN-SITU COMPOSITES; TOUGHENING MOSI2; NB COMPOSITES; STRENGTH; MORPHOLOGY; RESISTANCE; TOUGHNESS; FIBERS AB The toughness of a variety of brittle ceramic and intermetallic matrices has been improved through the incorporation of ductile metallic reinforcements. In these composites resistance to catastrophic failure of the matrix is derived through a combination of mechanisms, including matrix crack bridging, matrix crack defection and rupturing of the ductile phase. The degree to which these mechanisms operate is a function of composite microstructure. In general, the ductile phase is softer than the matrix phase. This may have unique implications when the materials are subjected to a wear environment, whether intentional or not. Hence, it is important to understand the wear behavior of these new materials. MoSi2-Nb was selected as a model composite system, in part because of the wide body of open literature regarding this system. The influences of abrasive wear environment and the composite microstructure (Nb reinforcement size, shape and volume fraction) on the wear resistance of the composites are reported. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Off Fossil Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Alman, DE (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Off Fossil Energy, 1450 Queen Ave, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM alman@alrc.doe.gov NR 32 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD OCT PY 2001 VL 251 BP 890 EP 900 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00747-5 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 489VJ UT WOS:000172012900009 ER PT J AU Newkirk, JW Hawk, JA AF Newkirk, JW Hawk, JA TI Abrasive wear properties of Cr-Cr3Si composites SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE abrasive wear; intermetallics; chromium silicides; composites ID MODIFIED CR3SI/CR5SI3 INTERMETALLICS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; BRITTLE SOLIDS; RESISTANCE AB A series of composites based on the Cr-Cr3Si System, and containing between 50 and 100%Cr3Si, were fabricated by hot pressing. These composites have high stiffness, good thermal conductivity, excellent chemical resistance, and high temperature creep and oxidation resistance, making them potential candidates for hard-facing applications and cutting tools in harsh environments. In this study, the Cr-Cr3Si composites were abrasion tested at ambient temperatures in order to evaluate their wear properties. Single scratch tests were performed to give insight into material removal mechanisms. Although like most metal silicides, these materials behave in a brittle manner, the results of this study indicate that the addition of a ductile second phase (Cr) can enhance both their fracture toughness and abrasive wear resistance. The addition of 10% of the rare earth oxide Er2O3 improves the density of the composite, but has no apparent influence on the wear resistance. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Met Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Hawk, JA (reprint author), US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM rawers@alrc.doe.gov NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 EI 1873-2577 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD OCT PY 2001 VL 251 BP 1361 EP 1371 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00768-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 489VJ UT WOS:000172012900066 ER PT J AU Dogan, CP Hawk, JA AF Dogan, CP Hawk, JA TI Microstructure and abrasive wear in silicon nitride ceramics SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE silicon nitride; abrasive wear; microstructure; composition ID TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES; FRICTION; TOUGHNESS; ALUMINA; SPEED AB It is well known that abrasive wear resistance is not strictly a materials property, but also depends upon the specific conditions of the wear environment. Nonetheless, characteristics of the ceramic microstructure do influence its hardness and fracture toughness and must, therefore, play an active role in determining how a ceramic will respond to the specific stress states imposed upon it by the wear environment. In this study, the ways in which composition and microstructure influence the abrasive wear behavior of six commercially-produced silicon nitride based ceramics are examined. Results indicate that microstructural parameters, such as matrix grain size and orientation, porosity, and grain boundary microstructure, and thermal expansion mismatch stresses created as the result of second phase formation, influence the wear rate through their effect on wear sheet formation and subsurface fracture. It is also noted that the potential impact of these variables on the wear rate may not be reflected in conventional fracture toughness measurements. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dogan, CP (reprint author), US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD OCT PY 2001 VL 250 BP 256 EP 263 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 487VZ UT WOS:000171900900037 ER PT J AU Blau, PJ AF Blau, PJ TI Friction and wear of a Zr-based amorphous metal alloy under dry and lubricated conditions SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE amorphous metals; glassy metals; friction; wear; zirconium alloys ID BEHAVIOR AB The unusual internal structure of amorphous metals has been of interest to the tribology community for several decades, but most of the research on these materials has involved unlubricated experiments or tests in other than ambient air environments. If the suitability of amorphous metals is to be evaluated for engineering applications, a great deal more research is needed to assess their behavior under liquid lubricated conditions. Studies in the early 1980s focused on Fe-Co-B-Si compositions. The results reported here focus on an alloy system based on zirconium. Pin-on-disk tests were performed both dry and with diesel oil lubrication. The disks were composed of polished SAE 52 100 steel, and pin specimens of type 303 stainless steel, commercially-pure nickel (Ni-200), and an amorphous alloy of Zr-Cu-Ni-Ti-Al were used. The amorphous alloy was the hardest of the three pin materials. Friction coefficients and wear rates were measured under a limited set of conditions. Under dry conditions, the amorphous metal alloy performed comparably or slightly better than the other two pin materials, but under lubricated conditions, it had the highest friction coefficient and highest wear rate of the three combinations. Differences in the ratios of dry to lubricated wear rates for the three material combinations are discussed in terms of the compatibility of non-ferrous materials with current engine lubricants. Observations on the nature of amorphous alloy wear particles are linked to a combination of simultaneously occurring wear processes. No sliding-induced transformations were detected by X-ray methods. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blau, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Mail Stop 6063, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD OCT PY 2001 VL 250 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00627-5 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 487VZ UT WOS:000171900900057 ER PT J AU Dogan, ON Hawk, JA Tylczak, JH AF Dogan, ON Hawk, JA Tylczak, JH TI Wear of cast chromium steels with TiC reinforcement SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE TiC reinforced steels; abrasion; pin-abrasion test; dry-sand rubber-wheel test; erosion ID ABRASION RESISTANCE; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Wear resistance of a series of new titanium carbide reinforced cast chromium steels was investigated under various wear conditions. The steels which were melted in a vacuum induction furnace contained 12 Cr, 3-5 Ti, 1-2 C in weight percent. Microstructure of these materials was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, light optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Microstructure of steels consisted of TiC phase dispersed in a martensitic matrix. High-stress and low-stress abrasion tests, and an erosion test, were utilized to understand the wear behavior of these materials under different environments. The steels were tested in as-east and heat treated conditions. Wear rates of the cast Cr/TiC steels were compared to those of an AISI type 440C steel and P/M composites reinforced with TiC. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dogan, ON (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Tylczak, Joseph/C-7956-2009 OI Tylczak, Joseph/0000-0002-0391-2350 NR 22 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD OCT PY 2001 VL 250 BP 462 EP 469 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00635-4 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 487VZ UT WOS:000171900900060 ER PT J AU Hosking, FM Quintana, MA AF Hosking, FM Quintana, MA TI Interconnect soldering of silicon photovoltaic module cells SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hosking, FM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 80 IS 10 BP 57 EP 58 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 746LD UT WOS:000186747100012 ER PT J AU Dave, VR Cola, MJ Hussen, GNA AF Dave, VR Cola, MJ Hussen, GNA TI Heat generation in the inertia welding of dissimilar tubes SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STEEL; TEMPERATURE; METAL; AL AB The transient thermal response in inertia welding is difficult to capture analytically. Heat is generally dissipated over time scales of loss than one second, an order of magnitude faster than direct-drive friction welding. The present work critically examines the nature of the heat generation term through an analysis of experimental data. The method presented here determines the heat generation term for the inertia welding of dissimilar tubes (tube thickness small in comparison to radius so that radial effects are neglected) solely based on machine-generated data, namely the curve of angular speed vs. time and the magnitude of material burnoff. A simple approach to determining the heat allocation to both sides of the dissimilar joint is proposed, and the resulting thermal problem is solved using an analytical method. The predictions are compared to actual thermocouple data from welds conducted under identical conditions, and are shown to be in good agreement. Although the method proposed in this work does not replace more accurate numerical analyses, it does provide guidance in weld parameter development. This is demonstrated through the model-based scaling of weld parameters for dissimilar tube welds over a range of tube diameters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Dave, VR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 80 IS 10 BP 246S EP 252S PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 746LD UT WOS:000186747100020 ER PT J AU Harada, T Matsuoka, H Yamamoto, T Yamaoka, H Lin, JS Agamalian, MM Wignall, GD AF Harada, T Matsuoka, H Yamamoto, T Yamaoka, H Lin, JS Agamalian, MM Wignall, GD TI The structure of colloidal alloy crystals revealed by ultra-small-angle neutron scattering SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference o Colloid and Interface Science CY JUL 23-28, 2000 CL UNIV BRISTOL, BRISTOL, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Colloid & Interface Scientists, Soc Chem Ind, Royal Soc Chem HO UNIV BRISTOL DE colloidal alloy crystals; ultra-small-angle neutron scattering; binary colloidal dispersion; polystyrene; latex ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SALT CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; HARD-SPHERE COLLOIDS; INTERPARTICLE DISTANCE; SUPERLATTICE FORMATION; BINARY-MIXTURES; SUSPENSIONS; DISPERSIONS; PARTICLES; LATICES AB We investigated the structure of colloidal crystals in binary colloidal dispersion by the ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) technique. The mixed dispersion of deutrated polystyrene latex (d-PS) and hydrogenated polystyrene latex (h-PS) dispersions (the size ratio alpha = 0.54) was prepared for the USANS experiment to apply the contrast matching technique. The scattering from the each component could be detected separately. We also extracted the partial scattering intensity IdPS-hPS(q) at three mixing ratios. The USANS scattering profiles at the contrast matching point for each component were changed clearly with the change of the mixing ratio of d-PS and h-PS lattices. The IdPS-hPS(q) profile obtained for the d-PS number fraction X-dPS03 = 0.39 indicated the correlation between d-PS and h-PS particles, These USANS observation suggested strongly the formation of the liquid-like colloidal alloy structure in the binary colloidal dispersion. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Polymer Chem, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Univ Shiga Prefecture, Dept Mat Sci, Hikone City, Shiga 5228533, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Matsuoka, H (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Polymer Chem, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. OI Agamalian, Michael/0000-0002-9112-2534; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD SEP 30 PY 2001 VL 190 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00661-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 467PT UT WOS:000170713500004 ER PT J AU Wang, JG Hsiung, LM Nieh, TG Mabuchi, M AF Wang, JG Hsiung, LM Nieh, TG Mabuchi, M TI Creep of a heat treated Mg-4Y-3RE alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE creep; Mg-4Y-3RE alloy; microstructures ID AZ91 MAGNESIUM ALLOY; MG-Y ALLOYS; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; HCP METALS; BEHAVIOR; CASTINGS; STRESS; ND AB Creep of WE43-T6 was characterized at temperatures ranging from 423 to 523 K and stresses ranging from to 30 to 300 MPa. Creep stress exponent as well as activation energy were measured. There appears to be a softening in creep strength at temperatures above 473 K, Also, the applied stress level affects the creep mechanism. Microstructures of the alloy both before and after creep were examined. Two kinds of precipitates, metastable beta ' and stable beta phases, were observed in the microstructure. These precipitates readily transform and coarsen during creep. Dislocation-precipitate interaction was quite extensive. Fracture surface revealed that there is a gradual transition from brittle to ductile mode as testing temperature increases. A comparison of the creep properties among the present alloy and other rare earth-containing alloys were made. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Ind Res Inst Nagoya, Kita Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4628510, Japan. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 55 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 2001 VL 315 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01209-6 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 474MJ UT WOS:000171110800010 ER PT J AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB TI Thermo-elastic analysis of functionally graded materials using Voronoi elements SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Dirichlet tesselation; finite element analysis; functionally graded materials; thermo-elastic analysis; Voronoi element analysis ID THERMAL RESIDUAL-STRESSES; CERAMIC-METAL INTERFACES; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS; DELAUNAY TRIANGULATION; MODEL; INCLUSION; GEOMETRY AB In this study, the thermo-elastic behavior of a bi-material and a functionally graded material is investigated using a special hybrid finite element analysis. The algorithm evolves from the natural discretization of the domain into basic structural elements, Voronoi elements, by Dirichlet tesselation. For heterogeneous micro structures, the Voronoi elements contain a second phase of which the effects on the displacement and temperature fields are accurately accounted for. The accuracy and the efficiency of the algorithm are verified by comparing the solutions with results obtained from a standard finite element analysis. The advantages of the algorithm for studying the micromechanistic behavior of heterogeneous solids, such as functionally graded materials, are elucidated. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM biner@ameslab.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 2001 VL 315 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01205-9 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 474MJ UT WOS:000171110800018 ER PT J AU Zhang, WJ Chen, GL Appel, F Nieh, TG Deevi, SC AF Zhang, WJ Chen, GL Appel, F Nieh, TG Deevi, SC TI A preliminary study on the creep behavior of Ti-45Al-10Nb alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE titanium aluminides; based on TiAl; creep; microstructure ID OXIDATION AB The creep response of a nearly-lamellar Ti-45Al-10Nb at 760 degreesC and 207 MPa suggests that high Nb additions greatly improve the creep resistance of TiAl alloys. The alloy exhibited a minimum creep rate of 6 x 10(-9) s(-1) and the time to 0.5% strain of 80 h. These properties are comparable to that of the most creep resistant wrought and cast TiAl-base alloys. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chrysalis Technol Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Mat Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhang, WJ (reprint author), Chrysalis Technol Inc, Res Ctr, D 202,4201 Commerce Rd, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 15 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 2001 VL 315 IS 1-2 BP 250 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01150-9 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 474MJ UT WOS:000171110800034 ER PT J AU Xu, XY Joh, HD Pin, S Schiller, NI Prange, C Burger, PC Schiller, MR AF Xu, XY Joh, HD Pin, S Schiller, NI Prange, C Burger, PC Schiller, MR TI Expression of multiple larger-sized transcripts for several genes in oligodendrogliomas: potential markers for glioma subtype SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE brain tumor; oligodendroglioma; astrocytoma; meningioma; gene expression; cDNA library ID HUMAN-BRAIN-TUMORS; GROWTH FACTOR-II; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; MENINGIOMAS; PROTEIN; 1P; SYNTHETASE; 19Q AB Astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas are two brain tumors that follow different clinical courses. Although many of these tumors can be identified based on standard histopathological criteria, a significant percentage present notable problems in diagnosis. To identify markers that might prove useful in distinguishing glioma subtypes, we prepared and analyzed cDNA libraries for differential expression of genes in an astrocytoma (grade II), an oligodendroglioma (grade II), and a meningioma (benign). The tumor libraries were compared by sequencing randomly selected clones and tabulating the expression frequency of each gene. In addition to identifying several genes previously reported or expected to be differentially expressed among these tumors, several potential new brain tumor markers were identified and confirmed by Nor-them blot analysis of a panel of brain tumors. A surprising result of this analysis was the observation that several larger-sized transcripts for various genes were predominantly expressed in the oligodendroglioma tumors, when compared to the other brain tumors or in non-tumor gray matter. These findings are consistent with different pre-mRNA splicing patterns observed between oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas. In support of this hypothesis, our screen revealed significantly higher levels of two hnRNP A1 transcripts in oligodendrogliomas. hnRNP Al is a component of the spliceosome whose expression levels affect splice site selection in vivo. The preferential expression of larger-sized transcripts for several genes in oligodendrogliomas may be useful for distinguishing astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Neurosci, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol CCM, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schiller, MR (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Neurosci, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA64925-0] NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2001 VL 171 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00573-0 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 465FG UT WOS:000170578500008 PM 11485829 ER PT J AU Hoops, AA Bise, RT Choi, HY Neumark, DM AF Hoops, AA Bise, RT Choi, HY Neumark, DM TI Photodissociation spectroscopy and dynamics of Si-4 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMALL SILICON CLUSTERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; SPECTRA; SEMICONDUCTOR; SI4; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; PHOTODETACHMENT; DISSOCIATION; ENERGIES AB The photodissociation of Si-4 has been investigated using fast beam photofragment translational spectroscopy. The photofragment yield (PFY) spectrum shows features between 21370 and 22220 cm(-1) corresponding to the 1B(1u) --> (X) over tilde (1)A(g) transition that are attributed to multi-photon dissociation. Single-photon dissociation was examined at higher excitation energies ranging from 5.17 to 6.42 eV. The dominant product channel was found to be Si-3 + Si. Experimental photofragment translational energy distributions were modeled by phase space theory (PST), indicating statistical photo dissociation with no exit barrier along the dissociation coordinate. PST modeling yields a dissociation energy of 4.60 +/- 0.15 eV and DeltaH(f,0)(0) (Si-4) = 6.75 +/- 0.24 eV. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2001 VL 346 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00961-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 477AF UT WOS:000171260400013 ER PT J AU Weber, T Jagutzki, O Hattass, M Staudte, A Nauert, A Schmidt, L Prior, MH Landers, AL Brauning-Demian, A Brauning, H Cocke, CL Osipov, T Ali, I Muino, RD Rolles, D de Abajo, FJG Fadley, CS Van Hove, MA Cassimi, A Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R AF Weber, T Jagutzki, O Hattass, M Staudte, A Nauert, A Schmidt, L Prior, MH Landers, AL Brauning-Demian, A Brauning, H Cocke, CL Osipov, T Ali, I Muino, RD Rolles, D de Abajo, FJG Fadley, CS Van Hove, MA Cassimi, A Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R TI K-shell photoionization of CO and N-2: is there a link between the photoelectron angular distribution and the molecular decay dynamics? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; ELECTRON-EMISSION; SHAPE RESONANCES; SPECTROSCOPY; N-2(2+); FRAGMENTATION; SPECTRUM; STATE; O-2 AB We have used COLTRIMS to measure the angular distribution of electrons released from the K-shell of N-2 and the carbon K-shell of CO by absorption of one linear polarized photon. For each ionization event which leads to two charged fragments we determine the angle of the photoelectron with respect to the fragment ion momenta. In addition we determine the charge state and energy of the molecular fragments. We find a breakdown of the axial recoil approximation for CO for kinetic energy releases below 10.2 eV, whereas for N-2 that approximation is found to be valid for all fragment energies. Furthermore, the photoelectron emission spectrum for N2 is found to be the same for the molecular breakup channels producing N+N+ and N+N++. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Strahlenzentrum, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Caen, ISMRA, CNRS, CIRIL,CEA, F-14070 Caen 5, France. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Weber, T (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, August Euler Str 6, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Rolles, Daniel/C-2384-2008; Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; Diez Muino, Ricardo/C-9203-2009; Garcia de Abajo, Javier/A-6095-2009; Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; Cassimi, Amine/J-9165-2014; OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; Diez Muino, Ricardo/0000-0001-8593-0327; Garcia de Abajo, Javier/0000-0002-4970-4565; Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; Cassimi, Amine/0000-0002-3367-4066; Staudte, Andre/0000-0002-8284-3831 NR 40 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 18 BP 3669 EP 3678 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/34/18/305 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 484CR UT WOS:000171673100011 ER EF