FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Brajuskovic, B Chang, J Carrera, F Lurio, L Pelletier, JF Shu, D AF Brajuskovic, B Chang, J Carrera, F Lurio, L Pelletier, JF Shu, D BE Hatheway, AE TI Wide-angle monochromatic x-ray beam shutter: a design study SO OPTOMECHANICAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Design and Engineering CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Res Associates, SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ Coll Sci, Washington State Univ Coll Engn, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ Coll Architecture AB A novel design of a wide-angle monochromatic x-ray beam shutter is discussed. The shutter is designed as a compact unit capable of providing users with the means of shutting off the beam in secondary beamlines that are at an angle to the primary beamline and to each other. The single-unit design used the fact that all the secondary beamlines will be closed at the same time. The main challenge was to fit the shutter in the limited space of the existing Advanced Photon Source IMMW-CAT hutch. Space limitations led to the change in position of the actuator subassembly as compared to the standard shutter design. Although the actuator subassembly is placed underneath the shutter, fail-safe shutting is achieved by placing tungsten blocks above the beam while the shutter is open and using gravity to close the shutter in case of pneumatic failure. Redundancy required by safety concerns was achieved by duplicating the tungsten block/actuator subunits. Tungsten blocks of uneven length were used to counteract the increase in the center-to-center distance among secondary beamlines due to their angular offset. A special support table was designed to facilitate assembly and adjustability of the shutter position in the available space. To provide a radiation-tight hutch, a nonstandard guillotine system was designed. In this paper, the design, specifications and optical ray tracing of the shutter assembly are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brajuskovic, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4538-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4771 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1117/12.482157 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV35F UT WOS:000178662000017 ER PT S AU Park, YS Ewing, TF Kang, H AF Park, YS Ewing, TF Kang, H BE Yoshizawa, T TI Structured light sensory basis for reactive telerobotic manipulation of a circular saw SO OPTOMECHATRONIC SYSTEMS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechatronic Systems III CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL STUTTGART, GERMANY SP SPIE, Deutsch Gesell Angew Optik e v, VDE/VDI-GMM Soc Microelectr, Micro- & Precis Engn, Inst Control, Automat & Syst Engineers, Japan Optoelectro-Mech Assoc DE teleoperation; structured light system; reactive behavioral agent; sensory display AB To develop an efficient teleoperation, reactive agent based robotic architecture is proposed, in which manual operation is aided by autonomously acting motor agents. Perceptual agents provide environmental information to the motor agents on nee-to-know basis. This paper presents a perceptual,basis, consisting of structured light sensor and perceptual agents, for remote operation of a circular saw. The sensory information is integrated with the motor agents and also visually displayed to provide effective operator interface. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Park, YS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ewing, Thomas/G-5396-2014 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4689-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4902 BP 450 EP 457 DI 10.1117/12.467707 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV73X UT WOS:000179917100053 ER PT S AU Branz, HM Gregg, BA AF Branz, HM Gregg, BA BE Jabbour, GE Carter, SA Kido, J Lee, ST Sariciftci, NS TI Dopant pairing in a molecular semiconductor SO ORGANIC AND POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES-OPTICAL, ELECTRICAL AND OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic and Polymeric Materials and Devices-Optical, Electrical and Optoelectronic Properties held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Recent doping experiments in n-type perylene diimide (PPEEB) semiconducting thin films showed an unexpected quadratic dependence of electrical conductivity upon dopant molecule concentration. We propose that singly-ionized dopant pairs outnumber ionized impaired dopants and dominate conductivity. Random association into dopant pairs during spin coating then explains the quadratic dependence. Classical calculations confirm that dopant pairing reduces the binding energy of the easiest-to-ionize electron. Our model agrees with the measured conductivity activation energy and magnitude, assuming typical electron mobility in the crystal. The random distribution of dopants implies their distribution cannot equilibrate during the spincoating process. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Branz, HM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-661-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 725 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV55Y UT WOS:000179344900030 ER PT J AU Foster, NS Day, JW Filby, RH Alford, A Rogers, D AF Foster, NS Day, JW Filby, RH Alford, A Rogers, D TI The role of Na-montmorillonite in the evolution of copper, nickel, and vanadyl geoporphyrins during diagenesis SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OIL-SHALE KEROGEN; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOURCE ROCKS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; PORPHYRINS; METALLOPORPHYRINS; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; SURFACES; MINERALS AB Sorption of a series of toluene-solvated porphyrins with differing structural characteristics and metallic centers [i.e. free-base, Cu(II), Ni(II) and VO(II)] onto Na-montmorillonite was measured to determine how this clay mineral might influence porphyrin pathways during diagenesis. In most instances, adsorption was adequately described by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption results were compared in two ways: (1) by the metallating ion, where predicted trends of the relative degree of adsorption are based on Buchler stability indices, and (2) by the structural type, where predicted trends of the relative degree of adsorption are based on the number and type of substituent groups and their corresponding steric and functional characteristics. The implications of macrocycle shape (planar, ruffle, and wave) are also discussed. In general, sorption affinity based on metallating ion followed the order: VO(II)approximate toNi(II) < Cu(II) < < Free-base. In terms of functional groups, sorption affinity generally followed the order: phenyl (meso) < ethyl < methyl < ester. Ruffled shapes generally sorb less than planar shapes. These sorption trends are used to explain how clay minerals might influence the selective sorption and decomposition of porphyrins in oil shales; how clay minerals may contribute to or be responsible for the decreasing Ni(II)/VO(II) ratios observed in the fossil record; and why clay minerals probably do not play a major role in the decreasing deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrin/etioporphyrin I (DPEP/ETIO) ratio observed in the maturing sedimentary environment. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US DOE, Richland Operat Off, Sci Program, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US DOE, Richland Operat Off, Technol Program, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Day, JW (reprint author), US DOE, Richland Operat Off, Sci Program, POB 550,MS K8-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 8 BP 907 EP 919 AR PII S0146-6380(02)00065-7 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00065-7 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591ME UT WOS:000177883600003 ER PT S AU Shin, YS Jun, L Wang, LQ Chang, JH Samuels, WD Pederson, LR Exarhos, GJ AF Shin, YS Jun, L Wang, LQ Chang, JH Samuels, WD Pederson, LR Exarhos, GJ BE Sanchez, C Laine, RM Yang, S Brinker, CJ TI Control of hierarchically ordered positive and negative replicas of wood cellular structures by surfactant-directed sol-gel mineralization SO ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SILICA AB We here report the synthesis of ordered ceramic materials With hierarchy produced by an in-situ mineralization of ordered wood cellular structures with surfactant-templated sol-gel at different pH. At low pH, a silicic acid is coated onto inner surface of wood cellular structure and it penetrates into pores left, where degraded lignin and hemicellulose are leached out, to form a positive replica, while at high PH the precipitating silica particles due to fast condensation clog the cells and pit structures to form a negative replica of wood. The calcined monoliths produced in different pHs contain ordered wood cellular structures, multi-layered cell walls, pits, vessels well-preserved with positive or negative contrasts, respectively. The surfactant-templated mineralization produces ordered hexagonal nanopores with 20Angstrom in the cell walls after calcination. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shin, YS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 99,MSIN K2-44, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-662-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 726 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BV44F UT WOS:000178977700011 ER PT S AU Rahimian, K Loy, DA Wheeler, DR AF Rahimian, K Loy, DA Wheeler, DR BE Sanchez, C Laine, RM Yang, S Brinker, CJ TI Soluble, high molecular weight polysilsesquioxanes with carboxylate functionalities SO ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CHEMISTRY AB High molecular weight polysilsesquioxanes with carboxylate functionalities were prepared by sol-gel polymerization of organotrialkoxysilanes bearing tert-butyl ester groups. Trialkoxysilyl-containing monomers of the type (RO)(3)Si(CH2)(3)C(O)OtBu (R = Me, Et) were prepared by hydrosilation of the corresponding vinylic tert-butyl esters CH3CHCH2C(O)OtBu. Acid- or base-catalyzed polymerization of the monomers leads to very high molecular weight polymers with relatively narrow polydispersities. The polymerization results in complete condensation of the alkoxy groups while the tert-butyl ester functionality remains fully intact. Partial or full deprotection of the tert-butyl group can easily be achieved to yield the corresponding carboxylic acid polymers. The ester and carboxylic acid functionalities of these new materials allow for their potential use in a variety of applications such as scavenging of heavy metals. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rahimian, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-662-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 726 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BV44F UT WOS:000178977700030 ER PT S AU Simmons-Potter, K Jamison, GM Potter, BG Thomes, WJ Phifer, CC AF Simmons-Potter, K Jamison, GM Potter, BG Thomes, WJ Phifer, CC BE Sanchez, C Laine, RM Yang, S Brinker, CJ TI Polysilane-based thin films with high photosensitivity SO ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID MATERIALS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID HIGH POLYMERS; MODELS; PHOTOPHYSICS; SI16ME34 AB The present work investigates the intrinsic photosensitivity of a family of poly(alkyl)(aryl)silanes and poly(hydridophenyl)silane for use in the development of photoimprinted waveguide devices. Limited testing of passive optical behavior (e.g. absorption, refractive index) and photosensitive response was performed for these materials in thin film form. It was determined that the materials exhibited dramatic photobleaching under 248 nm (KrF excimer laser) exposure. Based on a KramersKronig analysis of the absorption changes, refractive index changes on the order of 0.1 are estimated. Confirmation of this calculation has been provided via ellipsometry which estimates refractive index changes at 632 nm of -0.14 +/- 0.01. In addition, embedded strips have been photoimprinted into the material to confirm waveguiding capacity of the films. Possible sources of photosensitivity in this material and its potential for application in various device configurations will be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Laser Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Simmons-Potter, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Laser Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-662-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 726 BP 401 EP 407 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BV44F UT WOS:000178977700054 ER PT S AU Zou, L Savvate'ev, V Booher, J Kim, CH Shinar, J AF Zou, L Savvate'ev, V Booher, J Kim, CH Shinar, J BE Kafafi, ZH TI Combinatorial fabrication and studies of 4,4 '-bis(9-carbazolyl) biphenyl (CBP)-based UV-violet OLED arrays SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices V CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE OLED; violet; ultraviolet; combinatorial fabrication ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; DIODES; DISTYRYLARYLENE; INJECTION AB Arrays of UV-violet [indium tin oxide (ITO)]/[copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)]/[4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP)]/[2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (Bu-PBD)]/ CsF/Al organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), fabricated combinatorially using a sliding shutter technique, are described. Comparison of the electroluminescence spectrum with the photoluminescence spectrum of CBP indicates that the emission originates from the bulk of that layer. However, due to the high gap of CBP and the strong hole capture cross section of perylene contaminants, it was difficult to completely eliminate the emission from the latter. In arrays of devices in which the thickness of the CuPc and Bu-PBD were varied, but that of CBP was fixed at 50 rim, the optimal radiance R was obtained at CuPc and Bu-PBD thicknesses of 15 and 18 run, respectively. At 10 mA/cm(2), R was 0.38 mW/cm(2), i.e., the external quantum efficiency was 1.25%; R increased to similar to1.2 mW/cm(2) at 100 mA/cm(2). RP Zou, L (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4178-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4464 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1117/12.457499 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU20P UT WOS:000175311000023 ER PT S AU Kim, CH Shinar, J AF Kim, CH Shinar, J BE Kafafi, ZH TI Novel bright small molecular white OLED's SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices V CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE white OLED's; singlet exciton quenching ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; DIODES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; LAYER AB Bright [indium tin oxide (ITO)]/[NN'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl-phenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB)]/[2 wt.% perylene-doped 4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl) biphenyl (CBP)]/[2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (Bu-PBD)]/[2 wt.% 4-(dicyano-methylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethyl aminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM1)-doped tris-(8-hydroxy quinoline) Al (Alq(3))]/CsF/Al OLEDs are described. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra consist of blue and green bands at 453, 487, and 524 nm due to perylene and a red band at 600 nm due to DCM1, i.e., the emission zones are completely separated by the Bu-PBD. As the thickness of the NPB and perylene:CBP layers increases and that of the DCM1:Alq3 layer decreases the intensity of the perylene emission increases strongly relative to the DCM1 emission. For 350 Angstrom thick NPB, 350 Angstrom thick perylene:CBP, 100 Angstrom Bu-PBD, and 150 Angstrom DCM1:Alq(3), the onset voltage is 6.5 V, the brightness reaches 3750 Cd/m(2) at 20 V, the efficiency is 2.4 Cd/A at 19 V, and the (x,y) CIE coordinates are well within the white region. However, as the bias is increased the intensity of the perylene emission increases relative to the DCM1 emission, so (x,y) evolves from (0.42, 0.35) at 14 V to (0.29, 0.32) at 21 V. Both the layer thickness- and bias-dependence are believed to result from changes in the recombination zone and in the field- and cathode-mirror-induced quenching of the DCM1 singlet excitons. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, CH (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4178-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4464 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1117/12.457493 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU20P UT WOS:000175311000039 ER PT S AU Cramer, SD Matthes, SA Covino, BS Bullard, SJ Holcomb, GR AF Cramer, SD Matthes, SA Covino, BS Bullard, SJ Holcomb, GR BE Townsend, HE TI Environmental factors affecting the atmospheric corrosion of copper SO OUTDOOR ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion CY MAY 08-09, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Int Comm G1 Corros Met DE copper; runoff; atmospheric corrosion; modeling; corrosion model; wet deposition; dry deposition; sulfur dioxide; cuprite; brochantite; atacamite ID RUNOFF RATES; ZINC AB Precipitation runoff experiments were conducted on copper panels at sites polluted with sulfur dioxide (Washington, DC), an unpolluted site (Albany, OR), and an unpolluted marine site (Newport, OR). Copper patinas had complex surface chemistry representing a sequence of transitional mineral phases terminating in brochantite at the polluted sites, atacamite at the unpolluted marine site, and copper oxides at the unpolluted site. Precipitation runoff rates on large panels were 3.3 (0.37), 1.7 (0.19), and 1.7 (0.19) g Cu/m(2)y (mum Cu/y) for the Washington, DC, Albany, OR, and Newport, OR, sites, respectively. Higher rates were observed for small panels and appeared due to the reduced impact of residence time effects. Zinc corrosion products on the panel at Newport depressed the copper runoff until the zinc corrosion products were dissipated. Copper runoff at the Washington, DC, site was partitioned into contributions from dry deposition of acidic gases, and wet deposition of strong acids and weak acid (carbonic acid) using geochemical modeling software. The software also predicted precipitation of brochantite during winter when sulfur dioxide levels were highest. An empirical atmospheric corrosion model with early parabolic corrosion kinetics for copper and long-term linear kinetics, and including synergy between properties of the copper patina and the environment, was described. Applied to the patina on a 100-year old roof, the model suggests that only 15% of the total mass loss is retained in the corrosion film after 100 years of exposure. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Cramer, SD (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2896-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1421 BP 245 EP 264 DI 10.1520/STP10897S PG 20 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BW10D UT WOS:000180883000019 ER PT S AU Matthes, SA Cramer, SD Covino, BS Bullard, SJ Holcomb, GR AF Matthes, SA Cramer, SD Covino, BS Bullard, SJ Holcomb, GR BE Townsend, HE TI Precipitation runoff from lead SO OUTDOOR ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion CY MAY 08-09, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Int Comm G1 Corros Met DE lead; runoff; atmospheric corrosion; wet deposition; dry deposition; cerussite; hydrocerussite; environmental effects; pollution; marine; rural ID URBAN AB Lead ions may be introduced into the environment by the flow of precipitation runoff from the surface of lead structures such as gutters, roofs, piping, siding, and sculpture. Precipitation runoff is water from rain, dew, or fog that drains from a surface and contains air or water-born deposited reactants and soluble ions from the metal surface. Analysis of precipitation runoff from sites in Newport (marine unpolluted) and Albany (rural unpolluted), Oregon, was used to characterize these sites. Typical lead concentrations found in the precipitation runoff were between 0.7 and 3.7 mg/L compared with the United States EPA lead drinking water standard of 0 mg/L (with an action level of 0.015 mg/L). Corrosion film studies indicate that lead in the runoff is primarily from the solubility of cerrusite (lead carbonate) and hydrocerrusite (lead hydroxy carbonate). After an initial induction period, the measured release rate of lead ions to the environment was a constant 0.010 millimoles Pb per liter of precipitation runoff flowing over one square meter of lead surface (2.1 mg Pb/L) at both Albany and Newport. Cumulative corrosion film dissolution rates were 14.3 and 19.6 mmol Pb/m(2)y for Albany and Newport, respectively. This corresponds to steady state lead corrosion rates of 0.26 and 0.36 mum/y respectively. Ionic species dry deposited onto the lead surface were determined from precipitation runoff data, giving valuable information concerning the impact of environmental constituents and pollution on lead corrosion. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Matthes, SA (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2896-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1421 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1520/STP10898S PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BW10D UT WOS:000180883000020 ER PT J AU Thakur, R Gropp, W Lusk, E AF Thakur, R Gropp, W Lusk, E TI Optimizing noncontiguous accesses in MPI-IO SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE parallel I/O; MPI-IO; collective I/O; data sieving ID I/O AB The I/O access patterns of many parallel applications consist of accesses to a large number of small, noncontiguous pieces of data. If an application's I/O needs are met by making many small, distinct I/O requests, however, the I/O performance degrades drastically. To avoid this problem, MPI-IO allows users to access noncontiguous data with a single I/O function call, unlike in Unix I/O. In this paper, we explain how critical this feature of MPI-IO is for high performance and how it enables implementations to perform optimizations. We first provide a classification of the different ways of expressing an application's I/O needs in MPI-IO - we classify them into four levels, called levels 0-3. We demonstrate that, for applications with noncontiguous access patterns, the I/O performance improves dramatically if users write their applications to make level-3 requests (noncontiguous, collective) rather than level-0 requests (Unix style). We then describe how our MPI-IO implementation, ROMIO, delivers high performance for noncontiguous requests. We explain in detail the two key optimizations ROMIO performs: data sieving for noncontiguous requests from one process and collective I/O for noncontiguous requests from multiple processes. We describe how we have implemented these optimizations portably on multiple machines and file systems, controlled their memory requirements, and also achieved high performance. We demonstrate the performance and portability with performance results for three applications - an astrophysics-application template (DIST3D), the NAS BTIO benchmark, and an unstructured code (UNSTRUC) - on five different parallel machines: HP Exemplar, IBM SP, Intel Paragon, NEC SX-4, and SGI Origin2000. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gropp@mcs.anl.gov OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 26 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 EI 1872-7336 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 83 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(01)00129-6 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 508AY UT WOS:000173066100006 ER PT S AU Cooper, PS AF Cooper, PS BE DiazCruz, JL Engelfried, J Kirchbach, M Mondragon, M TI Rare kaon decays SO PARTICLES AND FIELDS, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields CY NOV 14-20, 2001 CL ZACATECAS, MEXICO SP Ctr Latinoamericano Fis, Ctr Latinoamericano Fis Mexico, Ctr Invest Estud Avanzados, Dept Fis, Ctr Invest Estud Avanzados, Dept Fis Aplicada, Consejo Nacl Cienc Tecnol Mexico, European Lab Particle Phys, Gobierno Estado Zacatecas, Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, Univ Autonoma Zacatecas, Fac Fis, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Coordinac Invest Cientif, Secretar Relac Exteriores, Soc Mexicana Fis, Div Particulas Campos ID SEARCH; VIOLATION; K-L->PI(0)NU(NU)OVER-BAR; K-L->PI(+)PI(-)E(+)E(-); LIMIT AB There has been great recent progress in measurements of rare and ultra-rare kaon decays, particularly those involving flavor changing neutral currents. I review here those recent results and the prospects for future measurements. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cooper, PS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 122, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0072-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 623 BP 156 EP 162 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU80E UT WOS:000177066800010 ER PT S AU Van de Water, RGV AF Van de Water, RGV CA SNO Collaboration BE DiazCruz, JL Engelfried, J Kirchbach, M Mondragon, M TI Latest oscillation results from SNO SO PARTICLES AND FIELDS, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields CY NOV 14-20, 2001 CL ZACATECAS, MEXICO SP Ctr Latinoamericano Fis, Ctr Latinoamericano Fis Mexico, Ctr Invest Estud Avanzados, Dept Fis, Ctr Invest Estud Avanzados, Dept Fis Aplicada, Consejo Nacl Cienc Tecnol Mexico, European Lab Particle Phys, Gobierno Estado Zacatecas, Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, Univ Autonoma Zacatecas, Fac Fis, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Coordinac Invest Cientif, Secretar Relac Exteriores, Soc Mexicana Fis, Div Particulas Campos ID SOLAR-NEUTRINO OBSERVATIONS; B-8 AB The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory has been successfully taking quality neutrino data for over two years now. This paper reports on analysis of the solar charge current and elastic scattering neutrino fluxes from the first year of pure D2O running. Combined with the SuperK elastic scattering flux, there is strong evidence that solar neutrinos are oscillating, and that predictions of the standard solar model are in good agreement with data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Van de Water, RGV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-25 Grp,MS H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0072-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 623 BP 173 EP 181 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU80E UT WOS:000177066800012 ER PT S AU Erbacher, RD AF Erbacher, RD BE DiazCruz, JL Engelfried, J Kirchbach, M Mondragon, M TI CDF at the Tevatron Collider in Run 2 SO PARTICLES AND FIELDS, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields CY NOV 14-20, 2001 CL ZACATECAS, MEXICO SP Ctr Latinoamericano Fis, Ctr Latinoamericano Fis Mexico, Ctr Invest Estud Avanzados, Dept Fis, Ctr Invest Estud Avanzados, Dept Fis Aplicada, Consejo Nacl Cienc Tecnol Mexico, European Lab Particle Phys, Gobierno Estado Zacatecas, Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, Univ Autonoma Zacatecas, Fac Fis, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Coordinac Invest Cientif, Secretar Relac Exteriores, Soc Mexicana Fis, Div Particulas Campos AB Run 2 of the Tevatron began in early 2001 after extensive upgrades to both the machine and the CDF and DO detectors. For CDF, new tracking detectors, increased muon coverage, state-of-the-art front end electronics, pipelined triggering, and a complete overhaul of the DAQ have made it a very powerful tool to explore physics of all kinds. The status of CDF in Run 2 is presented, along with a first glimpse of CDF data. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Erbacher, RD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0072-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 623 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU80E UT WOS:000177066800022 ER PT B AU Bailey, JB Festa, JJ Geller, AS AF Bailey, JB Festa, JJ Geller, AS BE Mittal, KL TI Particle removal from semiconductor substrates using the PLASMAX technology SO PARTICLES OF SURFACES 7: DETECTION, ADHESION AND REMOVAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Particles on Surfaces CY JUN 19-21, 2000 CL NEWARK, NJ SP MST Conf DE lithography; NGL mask; particle; contaminant; plasma; PLASMAX ID CONTACT DEFORMATIONS; ADHESION AB Control of particle contamination on semiconductor substrates becomes more difficult as the critical defect size shrinks with shrinking device sizes. PLASMAX, a vacuum based dry cleaning technology, uses a targeted combination of plasma, vibration, and gas flow forces to overcome the particle binding energy to a surface and effects particle removal. Dynamic particle trajectory simulations were carried out to develop a greater understanding of the particle adhesion mechanism as well as to advance optimization of the PLASMAX apparatus. Particle-to-surface separation values were calculated starting from equilibrium for a particle bound in a Lennard-Jones potential well. A sinusoidal motion was then imposed on the surface resulting in displacement of the bound particle. The model predicted separation values for the particle as it either oscillated in the well or was ejected from the surface. Predicted values of critical acceleration versus particle size were correlated with experimental cleaning efficiency data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Beta Squared Inc, Allen, TX 75013 USA. RP Geller, AS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-6764-372-6 PY 2002 BP 325 EP 339 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BX99X UT WOS:000187206100020 ER PT J AU Gamwo, IK Halow, JS Ahmadi, G AF Gamwo, IK Halow, JS Ahmadi, G TI Nonisothermal simulation of flows in the hot-gas filter vessel at Wilsonville SO PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE filter vessel; numerical simulation; nonisothermal; FLUENT ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; PLANT; TRANSPORT; STRENGTHS; CAKES AB A numerical simulation of nonisothermal gas flows in the hot-gas filter vessel at the Power Systems Development Facility in Wilsonville, Alabama is presented. The gas velocity and thermal simulations are based on the Reynolds stress transport turbulence model of the FLUENT(TM) commercial CFD computer code. While earlier modeling studies were limited to isothermal conditions, in this study, the energy transport equation was solved in addition to the mass and momentum equations. The gas flow and temperature field inside the filter vessel were also studied. Results reveal that the gas flow shows strong rotating flow regions outside the shroud and in the upper and lower parts of the body of the vessel. It is also shown that the temperature distribution is nonuniform with somewhat higher temperatures in the upper part of the filter. The simulated results qualitatively agree with the experimental field observations of the filter vessel. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. RP Gamwo, IK (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-6351 J9 PARTICUL SCI TECHNOL JI Part. Sci. Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1080/02726350290057903 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 624VE UT WOS:000179781800004 ER PT S AU Fugate, M Gattiker, JR AF Fugate, M Gattiker, JR BE Lee, SE Verri, A TI Anomaly detection enhanced classification in computer intrusion detection SO PATTERN RECOGNITON WITH SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Pattern Recognition with Support Vector Machines CY AUG 10, 2002 CL NIAGARA FALLS, CANADA SP KAIST, Brain Sci Res Ctr, MIT Ctr Biol & Computat Learning, Seoul Natl Univ, Stat Res Ctr Complex Syst, WatchVision Inc, Korea Univ Ctr Artificial Vis Res, Univ Genova, Comp Sci Dept AB This paper describes experiences and results applying Support Vector Machine (SVM) to a Computer Intrusion Detection (CID) dataset. This is the second stage of work with this dataset, emphasizing incorporation of anomaly detection in the modeling and prediction of cyber-attacks. The SVM method for classification is used as a benchmark method (from previous study [1]), and the anomaly detection approaches compare so-called "one class" SVMs with a thresholded Mahalanobis distance to define support regions. Results compare the performance of the methods, and investigate joint performance of classification and anomaly detection. The dataset used is the DARPA/KDD-99 publicly available dataset of features from network packets classified into non-attack and four attack categories. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fugate, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44016-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2388 BP 186 EP 197 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY01Q UT WOS:000187252200015 ER PT S AU Iamnitchi, A Ripeanu, M Foster, I AF Iamnitchi, A Ripeanu, M Foster, I BE Druschel, P Kaashoek, F Rowstron, A TI Locating data in (small-world?) peer-to-peer scientific collaborations SO PEER-TO-PEER SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems CY MAR 07-08, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP Microsoft Res AB Data-sharing scientific collaborations have particular characteristics, potentially different from the current peer-to-peer environments. In this paper we advocate the benefits of exploiting emergent patterns in self-configuring networks specialized for scientific data-sharing collaborations. We speculate that a peer-to-peer scientific collaboration network will exhibit small-world topology, as do a large number of social networks for which the same pattern has been documented. We propose a solution for locating data in decentralized, scientific, data-sharing environments that exploits the small-worlds topology. The research challenge we raise is: what protocols should be used to allow a self-configuring peer-to-peer network to form small worlds similar to the way in which the humans that use the network do in their social interactions?. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Iamnitchi, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, 1100 E 58th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM anda@cs.uchicago.edu; matei@cs.uchicago.edu; foster@cs.uchicago.edu NR 11 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44179-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2429 BP 232 EP 241 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY33A UT WOS:000188940600021 ER PT S AU Erickson, SA AF Erickson, SA BE Barber, HB Roehrig, H Doty, FP Morton, EJ TI Requirements for contraband nuclear materials detection SO PENETRATING RADIATION SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications IV CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington Technol Ctr DE nuclear; detector; spectroscopic; contraband; terrorist; smuggler; specifications; portals; proliferation AB Nuclear materials, especially weapons-grade, can have tremendously adverse consequences in the hands of terrorists. There needs to be a defense in depth to detect and interdict these materials, which should involve some tens of thousands of detectors world-wide. Passive detectors for this purpose have gave sensitivity problems, but these problems are often made worse by avoidable problems of the user interface. Manufacturers need to clearly understand the types of use that their equipment will be put to, the environment in which it will be located, and most especially the personnel who will be using it on a daily basis. International and national field trials have pointed out some problems with user interfaces, and these could best be resolved by manufacturers doing their own testing in simulated environments mimicing that of a customs post or other detector location. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Erickson, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-181,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4553-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4786 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1117/12.455943 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV78D UT WOS:000179996600008 ER PT S AU Venturini, EL Samara, GA Kleemann, W AF Venturini, EL Samara, GA Kleemann, W BE Wentzcovitch, R Navrotsky, A Poeppelmeier, K TI Suppression of the relaxor state in Ca-doped SrTiO3 with modest pressure SO PEROVSKITE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Perovskite Materials held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01, 2001-APR 05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SR1-XCAXTIO3 AB We report very large changes under modest hydrostatic pressure in the nature of the relaxor ferroelectric (FE) response for a single crystal of SrTiO3 doped with 0.7 mol % CaTiO3. The Ca cation dopants generate polar clusters within the FE soft mode, readily polarized host crystal. At ambient pressure the cluster size increases with decreasing temperature, leading to a dispersive (relaxor) state below similar to18 K. However, the application of modest pressure stiffens the soft mode frequency of the host lattice and reduces cluster growth, thereby decreasing the glass-like transition temperature at roughly -35 K/kbar. Above 0.5 kbar there is no evidence for the relaxor state; rather, a temperature- and frequency-independent dielectric response reflecting quantum paraelectric behavior evolves. These results demonstrate the extreme sensitivity to pressure of relaxors with low transition temperatures, i.e., in the quantum regime where characteristic energies are small. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Venturini, EL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-654-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 718 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV34N UT WOS:000178621700042 ER PT S AU Samara, GA AF Samara, GA BE Wentzcovitch, R Navrotsky, A Poeppelmeier, K TI From ferroelectric to quantum paraelectric: KTa1-xNbxO3 (KTN), a model system SO PEROVSKITE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Perovskite Materials held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01, 2001-APR 05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID FIRST-PRINCIPLES; KTAO3 AB The ABO(3) perovskite oxides constitute an important family of technologically important ferroelectrics whose relatively simple chemical and crystallographic structures have contributed significantly to our understanding of ferroelectricity. They readily undergo structural phase transitions involving both polar and non-polar distortions from the ideal cubic lattice. This paper focuses on the mixed perovskite system KTa1-xNbxO3, or KTN, which has turned out to be a model system. While the end members KTaO3 and KNbO3 might be expected to be similar, in reality they exhibit very different properties. Their mixed crystals, which can be grown over the whole composition range, exhibit a rich set of phenomena whose study has added greatly to our current understanding of the phase transitions and dielectric properties of these materials. Included among these phenomena are soft mode response, ferroelectric (FE)-to-relaxor (R) crossover, quantum mechanical suppression of the transition, the appearance of a quantum paraelectric state and relaxational effects associated with dipolar impurities. Each of these phenomena is discussed briefly and illustrated. Some emphasis is on the unique role of pressure in elucidating the physics involved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Samara, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-654-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 718 BP 281 EP 290 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV34N UT WOS:000178621700044 ER PT B AU Gruen, DM AF Gruen, DM BE Osawa, E TI Ultrananocrystalline diamond films from fullerene precursors SO PERSPECTIVES OF FULLERENE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Fullerenes Workshop CY FEB, 2001 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID ELECTRON-EMISSION PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; WEAR PROPERTIES; CARBON-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; FRICTION; PLASMAS; BEHAVIOR AB Fullerenes are unique sources of carbon vapor. The molecule C-60 has an equivalent carbon vapor pressure near to 1 Torr at the very modest temperature of 600 degreesC. Fragmentation produces primarily carbon dimer, C-2, resulting in highly supersaturated carbon vapor, which condenses, surprisingly, to form ultrananocrystalline diamond films. This new form of diamond (3-5 nm crystallite size) is phase-pure as established by a variety of techniques. Theoretical calculations provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the insertion of G into the (110) and (100) faces of the diamond lattice and show that the carbons are largely pi-bonded across two-atom-wide grain boundaries. The electrical conductivity can be controlled by nitrogen additions over many orders of magnitude and results in n-type doping. Tribological, electronic, and MEMS applications of these unusual materials are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-7174-7 PY 2002 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1007/0-306-47621-5_18 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BU61J UT WOS:000176510600018 ER PT J AU Akwukwaegbu, CF Chukwu, GA Dandekar, AY Khataniar, S Patil, SL Kamath, VA Haslebacher, WF AF Akwukwaegbu, CF Chukwu, GA Dandekar, AY Khataniar, S Patil, SL Kamath, VA Haslebacher, WF TI Evaluation of the modes of transporting gas-to-liquid (GTL) products through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) SO PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-DROP; FLOW AB As part of a project on studying the transportation of gas-to-liquids (GTL) through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), two GTL transportation modes are evaluated: (i) as single slugs (batches) and (ii) commingled (mixed) with the Alaskan North Slope Crude (ANSC) oil. The pertinent energy equations are solved for both the batch and commingled flow modes. The solutions of these equations are analytically presented for determining among other parameters, the pressure gradient and the slug length required for batching. A comparison of the pressure gradient calculations is presented for the batching and the commingled flow cases. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Petr Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US DOE, Morgantown Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Akwukwaegbu, CF (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Petr Engn, POB 755880, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-6466 J9 PETROL SCI TECHNOL JI Pet. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 7-8 BP 819 EP 830 DI 10.1081/LFT-120003715 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 581WT UT WOS:000177317900011 ER PT J AU Minervini, L Grimes, RW Tabira, Y Withers, RL Sickafus, KE AF Minervini, L Grimes, RW Tabira, Y Withers, RL Sickafus, KE TI The oxygen positional parameter in pyrochlores and its dependence on disorder SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID OXIDE PYROCHLORES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BONDING TRENDS; CONDUCTIVITY; ALPHA-AL2O3; DIFFRACTION; SIMULATION AB Atomistic simulation calculations based on energy minimization techniques have been used to predict the O positional parameter of a wide range of A(2)B(2)O(7) pyrochlore oxides. Cations studied range from Lu3+ to La3+ on the A site and Ti4+ to Pb4+ on the B site. In all cases the model included a specific predicted degree of disorder without which it was not possible to reproduce experimental values accurately. However, the extent of disorder invoked was dependent on the specific A and B cations involved, with Gd2Ti2O7 exhibiting the lowest and Gd2Pb2O7 the highest degree of disorder. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grimes, RW (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England. RI Withers, Ray/H-8309-2014 OI Withers, Ray/0000-0001-9017-2233 NR 39 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 123 EP 135 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 502JV UT WOS:000172741200010 ER PT J AU Liu, X Photiadis, DM Wu, HD Chrisey, DB Pohl, RO Crandall, RS AF Liu, X Photiadis, DM Wu, HD Chrisey, DB Pohl, RO Crandall, RS TI Disorder in tetrahedrally bonded amorphous solids SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Disordered Systems CY MAR 12-15, 2001 CL ANDALO, ITALY ID LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; LOW H-CONTENT; A-SI-H; LOW-TEMPERATURES; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; HYDROGENATED SILICON; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; INTERNAL-FRICTION; GLASSES; FILMS AB We have recently found that the density of the low-energy excitations in amorphous silicon films and, in particular, in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films can decrease by over three orders of magnitude, to a level of complete disappearance in certain cases from that observed in all other amorphous solids. This observation breaks down the universality of these excitations in amorphous solids. Extending this study, we have measured the low-temperature internal friction of a variety of a-Si: H films, hydrogenated amorphous germanium films and amorphous carbon films, under different deposition conditions or post-annealing treatments. We find that the density of the low-energy excitations in these systems is smaller than in all other amorphous solids, and that they vary considerably between different films. We attribute this property to be a unique feature of their tetrahedral bonding, where the overconstrained structure restricts the tunnelling motion of atoms. We conclude that the low-energy excitations in tetrahedrally bonded amorphous solids are sensitive to the existence of local floppy modes caused by structural inhomogeneity. C1 SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1080/13642810110084597 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 514CM UT WOS:000173420500009 ER PT S AU Boatner, LA AF Boatner, LA BE Kohn, MJ Rakovan, J Hughes, JM TI Synthesis, structure, and properties of monazite, pretulite, and xenotime SO PHOSPHATES: GEOCHEMICAL, GEOBIOLOGICAL, AND MATERIALS IMPORTANCE SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Phosphates - Geochemical, Geobiological and Materials Importance CY OCT 25-27, 2002 CL GOLDEN, COLORADO SP Mineral Soc Amer ID ELECTRONIC RAMAN-SCATTERING; ERZGEBIRGE-FICHTELGEBIRGE REGION; PARAMAGNETIC-RES INVESTIGATIONS; DOPED LUTETIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE; RICH ACCESSORY MINERALS; CRYSTAL-FIELD ANALYSIS; LUPO4 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ORTHO-PHOSPHATES; FLUX GROWTH; MECHANOCHEMICAL CHANGES C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Boatner, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 159 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 38 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-60-X J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2002 VL 48 BP 87 EP 121 DI 10.2138/rmg.2002.48.4 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06Y UT WOS:000180780600004 ER PT S AU Waychunas, GA AF Waychunas, GA BE Kohn, MJ Rakovan, J Hughes, JM TI Apatite luminescence SO PHOSPHATES: GEOCHEMICAL, GEOBIOLOGICAL, AND MATERIALS IMPORTANCE SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review CT Conference on Phosphates - Geochemical, Geobiological and Materials Importance CY OCT 25-27, 2002 CL GOLDEN, CO SP Mineral Soc Amer ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; TIME-RESOLVED LUMINESCENCE; CALCIUM FLUORAPATITE; ENERGY-LEVELS; STRONTIUM FLUORAPATITE; THERMO-LUMINESCENCE; EMISSION-SPECTRA; NATURAL THERMOLUMINESCENCE; M(5)(PO4)(3)X APATITES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Waychunas, GA (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div, MS 70-108B,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 141 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-60-X J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2002 VL 48 BP 701 EP 742 DI 10.2138/rmg.2002.48.19 PG 48 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06Y UT WOS:000180780600019 ER PT B AU Brodsky, SJ Fadin, VS Kim, VT Lipatov, LN Pivovarov, GB AF Brodsky, SJ Fadin, VS Kim, VT Lipatov, LN Pivovarov, GB BE Focacci, MNK Wadhwa, M TI High-energy asymptotics of photon-photon collisions in QCD SO PHOTON 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Structure and Interactions of the Photon/14th International Workshop on Photon-Photon Collisions CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL Ascona, SWITZERLAND ID ASTERISK CROSS-SECTION; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; DIPOLE PICTURE; BFKL EQUATION; POMERON; RENORMALIZATION; BEHAVIOR AB The high-energy behaviour of the total cross section for highly virtual photons, as predicted by the BFKL equation at next-to-leading order in QCD, is presented. The NLO BFKL predictions, improved by BLM optimal scale setting, are in excellent agreement with recent OPAL and L3 data at CERN LEP2. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Lipatov, Lev/P-2816-2014 OI Lipatov, Lev/0000-0001-7786-8818 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-053-1 PY 2002 BP 178 EP 181 DI 10.1142/9789812777157_0035 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BCJ58 UT WOS:000229672000035 ER PT B AU Meissner, F AF Meissner, F CA STAR Collaboration BE Focacci, MNK Wadhwa, M TI Coherent photon-pomeron and photon-photon interactions in ultra-peripheral collisions at RHIC SO PHOTON 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Structure and Interactions of the Photon/14th International Workshop on Photon-Photon Collisions CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL Ascona, SWITZERLAND ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS AB Ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions involve long range electromagnetic interactions at impact parameters larger than twice the nuclear radius, where no nucleon-nucleon collisions occur. The first observation of coherent rho(0) production with and without accompanying nuclear breakup, AuAu -> Au*Au*rho(0) and AuAu -> AuAu rho(0) respectively, and the observation of e(+)e(-) pair production AuAu -> Au*Au*e(+)e(-) presented by the STAR collaboration. The transverse momentum spectra are peaked at low P-T, showing the coherent coupling to the nuclei. A clear rho(0) signal is observed in the two pion invariant mass spectrum. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meissner, F (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 70-139, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-053-1 PY 2002 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1142/9789812777157_0040 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BCJ58 UT WOS:000229672000040 ER PT S AU Lin, JGSY AF Lin, JGSY BE Adibi, A Scherer, A Lin, SY TI A materials science approach to the fabrication of 3-D silicon photonic lattices SO PHOTONIC BANDGAP MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Bandgap Materials and Devices CY JAN 23-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE photonic lattice; photonic crystal structure; diamond structure; silicon fabrication ID BAND-GAP; CRYSTAL AB To date, most design of photonic lattice structures has been based on the use of complex and elaborate models run on high-end computer systems. This work has established that there are several general symmetries, which may result in full 3-D gaps, diamond, inverse face centered cubic and high index contrast simple cubic. The fill fraction is also known to be typically close to twenty five percent high index component. With this knowledge it is possible to come up with a variety of structures which have the same symmetry elements, but the building blocks of which are considerably different from those in the literature. With a reliable fabrication process it is now possible to fabricate a whole range of possible structures in a single run and then experimentally determine if any, in fact, display a gap. We have used this approach to demonstrate an open square structure with the diamond symmetry, three fold interpenetrating FCC structures, sheet structures with the inverse face centered cubic and hexagonal close packed structures, as well as "stick figure" structures with elements of the inverse FCC or HCP structures. While they have the same symmetry elements as more established structures, these designs may have advantages for particular applications. For example, in the formation of cavities it may be advantageous to employ a structure made up of small discrete sub-units, as opposed to one consisting of "infinitely long" rods. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lin, JGSY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4394-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4655 BP 16 EP 23 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BU57S UT WOS:000176405000002 ER PT S AU Garcia, EJ Polosky, MA Sleefe, GE AF Garcia, EJ Polosky, MA Sleefe, GE BE Iftekharuddin, KM Awwal, AAS TI Silicon micromirrors and their prospective application in the Next Generation Space Telescope SO PHOTONIC DEVICES AND ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing IV CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE optics; micro optics; micromirrors; MEMS; MOEMS; micro optical switches AB This paper describes a potential application of silicon surface micromachined (SMM) mirrors to a space imaging application. We have developed micromirror arrays that can be individually addressed for potential use in a spectrometer planned for NASA's Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), which will be launched later this decade. An array of micromirrors has been designed to replace a conventional fixed slit mask that is commonly used in spectrometer instruments. The fixed slit mask is used to select the desired portions of an incoming optical signal for analysis. These mirrors are designed to operate in two states, on and off, with the on position directing the signal into the instrument. Such an array of micromirrors can then be used as a "programmable" slit mask where portions of the incoming field of view can be selected in software. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Electromech Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Garcia, EJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Electromech Engn Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4555-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4788 BP 20 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.453829 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78E UT WOS:000179997100003 ER PT S AU Awwal, AAS Tang, HY Gudmundsson, KS Khan, J AF Awwal, AAS Tang, HY Gudmundsson, KS Khan, J BE Iftekharuddin, KM Awwal, AAS TI A uni-complex and bi-complex representation for associative memory with superior retrieval SO PHOTONIC DEVICES AND ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing IV CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE character recognition; optical associative memory; associative memory; inner product memory; Hopfield memory; content-addressable memory; adaptive thresholding; complex valued associative memory AB A novel uni-complex. valued trinary associative model, which is implementable in the optical domain, is proposed. Retrieval of the stored pattern is accomplished using an threshold formula in the inner product domain. An algorithm to determine adaptive threshold formula for this trinary associative memory model is presented. The optimal threshold is chosen to yield the best performance. Different threshold parameters have been investigated to obtain the range of optimal threshold parameters. In order to validate our performance model, character recognition problem with noisy and noise-free data are investigated. Moreover, a bi-complex representation model for associative memory retrieval is presented and compared to previous methods. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Awwal, AAS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4555-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4788 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.453728 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78E UT WOS:000179997100017 ER PT S AU Awwal, AAS Gudmundsson, KS Tabrez, M Rahman, M Alam, MS Iftekharuddin, KM AF Awwal, AAS Gudmundsson, KS Tabrez, M Rahman, M Alam, MS Iftekharuddin, KM BE Iftekharuddin, KM Awwal, AAS TI A new metric for 3-D optical pattern recognition system SO PHOTONIC DEVICES AND ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing IV CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE pattern recognition; correlation; phase-only-filter; complex matched filter; automated target recognition (ATR) ID BINARY AB In this paper, a novel metric is defined that will allow one to compare the performance of 3-D pattern recognition systems. Any real object is inherently, three-dimensional. Therefore, any input object for an automated target recognition system should be ideally compared to the 3-D information about the object. The proposed metric captures the essence of such comparisons. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Awwal, AAS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4555-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4788 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1117/12.453729 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78E UT WOS:000179997100019 ER PT B AU McCurdy, CW Baertschy, M Isaacs, WA Rescigno, TN AF McCurdy, CW Baertschy, M Isaacs, WA Rescigno, TN BE Burgdorfer, J Cohen, JS Datz, S Vane, CR TI Reducing collisional breakup of a system of charged particles to practical computation: Electron-impact ionization of hydrogen SO PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, Collisions CY JUL 18-24, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USDOE, US Natl Sci Fdn ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; CLOSE-COUPLING METHOD; BORN SERIES THEORY; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; ASYMPTOTIC FORM; NEAR-THRESHOLD; E,2E REACTIONS; AB-INITIO; MODEL; SCATTERING AB R has been a goal of researchers in the area of atomic collisions for nearly half a century to reduce to practical computation the simplest problem in collisional ionization: the electron-impact ionization of atomic hydrogen. The principal barrier to solving this problem has been the difficult boundary conditions that apply to the complete breakup of a system charged particles. We describe how this goal has been accomplished in the last five years by the application of the mathematical transformation of "exterior complex scaling" together with an appropriate formalism for computing the breakup amplitudes from a numerical representation of the complete solution of the Schrodinger equation. Some successes of other recent approaches to this problem are also described. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McCurdy, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cwmccurdy@lbl.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-018-5 PY 2002 BP 38 EP 49 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BW78V UT WOS:000183161200004 ER PT B AU Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW Isaacs, WA Orel, AE Meyer, HD AF Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW Isaacs, WA Orel, AE Meyer, HD BE Burgdorfer, J Cohen, JS Datz, S Vane, CR TI Theoretical studies of excitation in low-energy electron-polyatomic molecule collisions SO PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, Collisions CY JUL 18-24, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USDOE, US Natl Sci Fdn ID RESONANT VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SLOW-ELECTRONS; SCATTERING; CO2; IMPACT AB This paper focuses on the channeling of energy from electronic to nuclear degrees of freedom in electron-polyatomic molecule collisions. We examine the feasibility of attacking the full scattering problem, both the fixed-nuclei electronic problem and the post-collision nuclear dynamics, entirely from first principles. The electron-CO2 system is presented as an example. We study resonant vibrational excitation, showing how ab initio, fixed-nuclear electronic cross sections can provide the necessary input for a multi-dimensional treatment of the nuclear vibrational dynamics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rescigno, TN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tnr@llnl.gov RI Meyer, Hans-Dieter/B-5611-2008 OI Meyer, Hans-Dieter/0000-0003-1365-0144 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-018-5 PY 2002 BP 272 EP 283 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BW78V UT WOS:000183161200029 ER PT B AU Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Reinhold, CO Strayer, MR Pindzola, MS Wells, JC AF Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Reinhold, CO Strayer, MR Pindzola, MS Wells, JC BE Burgdorfer, J Cohen, JS Datz, S Vane, CR TI Recent advances and applications of lattice, time-dependent approaches: Fundamental one- and two-electron collision systems SO PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, Collisions CY JUL 18-24, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USDOE, US Natl Sci Fdn ID PROTON-HYDROGEN COLLISIONS; ION-ATOM COLLISIONS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; CONTINUUM ELECTRONS; SINGLE-IONIZATION; ANTIPROTON-IMPACT; SLOW ANTIPROTONS; EXCITATION; HELIUM AB Progress in treating fundamental collision systems by solving the one- and two-electron, two-center, time-dependent Schrodinger equation utilizing a lattice representation is described. Results of this approach are illustrated through a survey of recent calculations and work in progress. In particular we consider the three-dimensional lattice treatment of excitation, charge transfer, and ionization in proton-hydrogen collisions and the fully correlated treatment of ionization in airtiproton collisions with He in a four-dimensional model. Advantages of the lattice approach stem from its circumvention of various shortcomings of perturbation theories, close coupling expansions, and other approximate methods. A principal goal has been to augment the basic toolkit available to describe fundamental atomic-scale, few-body dynamics utilizing this direct numerical approach. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-018-5 PY 2002 BP 536 EP 546 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BW78V UT WOS:000183161200057 ER PT J AU Emery, K AF Emery, K TI Solar cell coating SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Emery, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 512ZZ UT WOS:000173354600032 ER PT J AU Neumark, DM AF Neumark, DM TI Spectroscopy of reactive potential energy surfaces SO PHYSCHEMCOMM LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-SECTIONS; REACTION OH+D-2->HOD+D; OH+H-2->H2O+H REACTION; VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES; CHEMICAL-REACTION; MOLECULAR-BEAM; F+H-2 REACTION; DYNAMICS AB This perspective reviews experiments in which spectroscopy rather than scattering is used to probe reactive potential energy surfaces. The application of negative ion photodetachment to the transition state spectroscopy of benchmark reactions is described, followed by a brief description of recent transition state spectroscopy experiment starting from clustered precursor anions that probe the effects of solvation on transition state spectroscopy and dynamics. Experiments on the spectroscopy of open-shell "pre-reactive" complexes are also discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM neumark@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 73 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1460-2733 J9 PHYSCHEMCOMM JI PhysChemComm PY 2002 VL 5 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1039/b202218d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 540PT UT WOS:000174937900001 ER PT J AU Littrell, KC Richardson, JW Carpenter, JM Brown, BS AF Littrell, KC Richardson, JW Carpenter, JM Brown, BS TI Present status and perspectives on neutron scattering instrumentation development at IPNS SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Utilization of Research Reactor CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2001 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Kyoto Univ, Res Reactor Inst, Korean Atom Energy Res Inst, Kyoto Univ Fdn DE source; instrumentation; time-of-flight; user facility AB Since its beginnings in ZING-P in the early 1970s. the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) at Argonne National Laboratory has played an important role in the development of neutron scattering instrumentation, particularly in the utilization of time-of-flight techniques such as time-focusing for diffractometers. IPNS operates a user program for 11 instruments 25 weeks per year with a call for proposals every 6 months. As a medium-flux user facility, it serves the needs of the broader scientific community while providing training in the design and use of neutron scattering instruments for the next generation of scientists. The instruments at IPNS are continually being upgraded and evaluated a significantly improved quasielastic neutron spectrometer was commissioned in 2000., and a similar enhancement on the high-resolution, medium-energy-range chopper spectrometer is currently underway. An enhancement plan, which includes improvements to most of the instruments and would approximately double the scientific throughput of IPNS, was recently reviewed and highly recommended. IPNS has lead responsibility for neutron scattering instruments for the Spallation Neutron Source being built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and has played a leading role in developing a proposal for target station and instruments for a long wavelength target station submitted in January 2001 to the National Science Foundation. Through these and other projects, IPNS will continue to be a source and testbed for novel neutron scattering instrumentation concepts. Thus, IPNS will play a vital role in the global neutron scattering community for the foreseeable future. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Littrell, KC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 360, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 2002 VL 311 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 116 AR PII S0921-4526(01)01122-X DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)01122-X PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 537FY UT WOS:000174749300020 ER PT J AU Trociewitz, UP Sahm, PR Koritala, RE Brandao, L Bacaltchuk, C Schwartz, J AF Trociewitz, UP Sahm, PR Koritala, RE Brandao, L Bacaltchuk, C Schwartz, J TI The influence of BaO2 additions on microstructure and superconducting properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta; reactive addition; artificial pinning centers; precipitate; clad conductor ID INSERT COILS; BI-2212 AB The effects of Ba additions on the compositional, microstructural, and magnetization properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi-2212) superconductors have been investigated. BaO2 reacts with the Bi-2212 matrix to form second phase precipitates. SEM micrographs, pole figure analyses, and improved transport properties in self-field and high fields up to 17 T suggest significant influence on the development of texture in Bi-2212 due an addition of BaO2. Magnetization measurements revealed that the pinning properties of optimally BaO2-added Bi-2212 were not affected. To estimate the potential of BaO2 additions to assist the formation of potential pinning sites, TEM investigations were carried out. The achieved results are presented and discussed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Florida State Univ, Magnet Sci & Technol Div, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Fournier, Foundry Inst, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Mil Engn, Dept Engn Mecan & Mat, BR-22270290 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. FAMU FSU, Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Trociewitz, UP (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Magnet Sci & Technol Div, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RI Schwartz, Justin/D-4124-2009; Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Brandao, Luiz Paulo/B-2714-2013 OI Schwartz, Justin/0000-0002-7590-240X; Brandao, Luiz Paulo/0000-0002-2623-648X NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 366 IS 2 BP 80 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00786-9 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 499ZR UT WOS:000172601600002 ER PT J AU Ye, PD Engel, LW Tsui, DC Simmons, JA Wendt, JR Vawter, GA Reno, JL AF Ye, PD Engel, LW Tsui, DC Simmons, JA Wendt, JR Vawter, GA Reno, JL TI Microwave conductivity of antidot array in regime of fractional quantum Hall effect SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on the Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE fractional quantum Hall effect; antidot; microwave ID COMPOSITE FERMIONS; EDGE AB In the regime of the fractional quantum Hall effect, with Landau filling v < 1, an antidot array in a high-mobility 2D electron system exhibits anomalous, enhanced high-frequency conductivity. This enhanced conductivity increases with frequency (f) but decreases with temperature (T), and can be observed only for T less than or similar to 0.5 K, f greater than or similar to 2 GHz. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Engel, LW (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 109 EP 111 AR PII S1386-9477(01)00256-9 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00256-9 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 545FL UT WOS:000175206300028 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Yi, KS Kim, NM Lee, SJ Quinn, JJ AF Kim, HJ Yi, KS Kim, NM Lee, SJ Quinn, JJ TI Finite-temperature study of a modulation-doped DMS quantum well with broken spin symmetry SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on the Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE dilute magnetic semiconductors; spin polarized quantum welts; phase diagram; finite-temperature effects; spontaneous magnetization ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETISM AB We present a finite-temperature self-consistent calculation of the electronic proper-ties in a modulation doped dilute magnetic strucuture (DMS) QW structure with broken spin-symmetry. The spin-split subband structure is calculated at finite temperatures as a function of applied magnetic field. Temperature and magnetic field effects on the electronic proper-ties are analyzed for various degrees of spin polarization. Carrier-induced magnetism and the possible ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transitions are analyzed in terms of various material parameters of the DMS QW structures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Dongguk Univ, Quantum Funct Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 100715, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yi, KS (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. RI Lee, Seung J./A-3743-2012 OI Lee, Seung J./0000-0002-2140-6929 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 383 EP 387 AR PII S1386-9477(01)00311-3 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00311-3 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 545FL UT WOS:000175206300094 ER PT J AU Yang, CL Zudov, MA Zhang, J Du, RR Simmons, JA Reno, JL AF Yang, CL Zudov, MA Zhang, J Du, RR Simmons, JA Reno, JL TI Magnetophonon resonance of two-dimensional electrons by leaky interface-acoustic phonons SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on the Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE electronic transport; two-dimensional electrons; phonon ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; SYSTEM; GAS AB Low-magnetic field (B < 5 kG) magnetoresistance oscillations (periodic in 1/B) have been observed in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Such novel oscillations appear only in a limited temperature range (approximately, 2 K < T < 10 K). The effect is attributed to magnetophonon resonance of 2DEG with thermally excited leaky interface-acoustic phonons. Results from Fourier analysis of the temperature dependence data are consistent with a model in which two branches of phonon modes contribute to the resonance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Du, RR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Zudov, Michael/A-3013-2008 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 443 EP 445 AR PII S1386-9477(01)00313-7 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00313-7 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 545FL UT WOS:000175206300109 ER PT J AU Riva, C Peeters, FM Varga, K AF Riva, C Peeters, FM Varga, K TI Theory of trions in quantum wells SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on the Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE excitons; quantum wells; condensed matter ID NEGATIVELY CHARGED EXCITONS; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS AB We investigate the energy levels of the negatively and positively charged excitons (also called trions) in a 200 Angstrom wide GaAs quantum well in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. A comparison is made with the experimental results of Glasberg et al. (Phys. Rev. B. 59 (1999) R10 425) and of Yusa et al. (cond-mat/0103505). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Natuurkunde, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Riva, C (reprint author), Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Natuurkunde, Univ Pl 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RI Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013; CMT, UAntwerpen Group/A-5523-2016 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 543 EP 545 AR PII S1386-9477(01)00484-2 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00484-2 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 545FL UT WOS:000175206300134 ER PT J AU Fromer, NA Schuller, C Chemla, DS Shahbazyan, TV Perakis, IE Driscoll, D Gossard, AC AF Fromer, NA Schuller, C Chemla, DS Shahbazyan, TV Perakis, IE Driscoll, D Gossard, AC TI Femtosecond dynamics of inter-Landau level excitations of a two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall regime SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on the Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE coherent spectroscopy; quantum wells; two-dimensional electron gas ID STATES AB We use degenerate four-wave mixing to investigate the dynamics of electron-hole pairs interacting with magnetoplasmon excitations of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the quantum Hall effect regime. We observe a strong coupling between Landau levels induced by the magnetoplasmon interactions. leading to a transfer of our signal strength to the lowest Landau level, as well as strong non-Markovian effects. These observations are interpreted within a model taking into account the many body Hamiltonian for the 2DEG system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fromer, NA (reprint author), Inst Angew Phys, Junguisstr 11, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. RI Perakis, Ilias/G-9186-2011 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 550 EP 553 AR PII S1386-9477(01)00486-6 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00486-6 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 545FL UT WOS:000175206300136 ER PT J AU Shibata, K Kotera, N Arimoto, H Miura, N Wang, YJ Jones, ED Reno, JL Washima, M Mishima, T AF Shibata, K Kotera, N Arimoto, H Miura, N Wang, YJ Jones, ED Reno, JL Washima, M Mishima, T TI Study of band nonparabolicity using electron-cyclotron resonance of InGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells below 100 T SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on the Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Systems CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE nonparabolicity; cyclotron resonance; quantum wells ID SUBBAND; MASS AB Nonparabolic tendency of conduction subbands in InGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells (QWS), lattice-matched to InP, were studied using cyclotron resonance (CR) because its confinement potential was stronger than in InGaAs/InP and GaAs/GaAlAs QWs. Thickness of InGaAs well was 5-10 nm. Barrier thickness was more than 10 nm. Field-scanned pulse CR and wavelength-scanned CR were observed. CR energy changed sublinearly with magnetic field. This curve agreed with our calculation, based on Kane's three-level band theory and Landau quantization. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Hitachi Cable Ltd, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan. Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185, Japan. RP Kotera, N (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Elect, Kawasa 680-4, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 566 EP 569 AR PII S1386-9477(01)00473-8 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(01)00473-8 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 545FL UT WOS:000175206300140 ER PT J AU Chu, CW AF Chu, CW TI Materials and physics of high temperature superconductors: A summary, two recent experiments and a comment SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nobel Jubilee Symposium on Condensation and Coherence in Condensed Matter CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Nobel Fdn ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; RETRACTED ARTICLE. SEE; CU-O SYSTEM; PENETRATION DEPTH; RUSR2GDCU2O8; PSEUDOGAP; TC; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; MAGNETIZATION; FERROMAGNET AB After the extensive worldwide research of the last 15 years. great progress has been made in all areas of high temperature superconductivity. namely materials. science. and technology. In this presentation. I shall first summarize what we know and do not know about the materials and physics, but only of the cuprate high temperature superconductors because of their higher transition temperatures, and describe the material challenges encountered in unraveling the mystery of superconductivity in this class of materials. I shall then present results of two recent interesting experiments concerning the propositions of the possible co-existence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in cuprates. and the possible existence of high temperature superconductivity in multi-wall carbon nanotubes, respectively. Finally. I shall briefly comment on the recent reports of exciting results for field-induced superconductivity. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston Sci Ctr 202, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston Sci Ctr 202, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston Sci Ctr 202, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM cwchu@uh.edu NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2002 VL T102 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.102a00040 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 623JK UT WOS:000179699800009 ER PT J AU Krstic, PS Schultz, DR Janev, RK AF Krstic, PS Schultz, DR Janev, RK TI Charge transfer processes in slow collisions of protons with vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Atomic and Molecular Processes in Divertor Plasma Volume Recombination CY SEP 08-09, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID MECHANICAL REACTIVE SCATTERING; ORDER SUDDEN APPROXIMATION; PLUS DIATOM SYSTEMS; PLASMA RECOMBINATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; H+; DIVERTOR; H-2; EXCITATION; ENERGIES AB We report on a comprehensive study of scattering of hydrogen ions on vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules in the range of center of mass energies 0.6-9.5 eV. The reported charge transfer processes, including nuclear particle exchange, have been calculated using a fully-quantal, coupled-channel approach. An extensive vibrational basis set on the relevant two-state electronic surfaces was employed, with inclusion of vibrational continua, while the rotational dynamics of 142 was treated within the sudden approximation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2002 VL T96 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.096a00061 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518GP UT WOS:000173658800007 ER PT J AU Clarke, J Robertson, TL Plourde, BLT Garcia-Martinez, A Reichardt, PA Van Harlingen, DJ Chesca, B Kleiner, R Makhlin, Y Schon, G Shnirman, A Wilhelm, FK AF Clarke, J Robertson, TL Plourde, BLT Garcia-Martinez, A Reichardt, PA Van Harlingen, DJ Chesca, B Kleiner, R Makhlin, Y Schon, G Shnirman, A Wilhelm, FK TI Quiet readout of superconducting flux states SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nobel Jubilee Symposium on Condensation and Coherence in Condensed Matter CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Nobel Fdn ID PUMPED DOUBLE SQUID; QUANTUM SUPERPOSITION; DC SQUID; DEVICES; NOISE AB The INSQUID (INductive Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) can measure the flux state of a superconducting qubit rapidly, while allowing the quantum state of the qubit to evolve with low levels of back action. The INSQUID consists of a dc SQUID with unshunted junctions connected in parallel with a superconducting inductor: the qubit is placed inside the SQUID loop. The inductor is coupled to a readout dc SQUID with resistively-shunted junctions. By applying appropriate fluxes to the input SQUID and the inductor., the INSQUID can be turned "off", so that virtually no flux noise is coupled from the readout SQUID to the qubit. Different flux biases turn the INSQUID "on", enabling the readout SQUID to measure the flux state of the qubit. The INSQUID can also be used to turn on and off the coupling between two or more qubits. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Tubingen, Phys Inst Expt Phys 2, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, CeNs, D-80333 Munich, Germany. RP Clarke, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wilhelm, Frank/G-2162-2010; Schon, Gerd/A-3582-2008 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2002 VL T102 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.102a00173 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 623JK UT WOS:000179699800029 ER PT J AU Wei, SH Zhang, SB AF Wei, SH Zhang, SB TI First-principles study of doping limits of CdTe SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 09-14, 2001 CL BREMEN, GERMANY AB First-principles total energy and band structure calculations are performed to understand the factors that limit doping in CdTe. We calculated systematically the formation energies and transition energy levels of intrinsic and extrinsic defects and defect complexes. We find that n-type doping in CdTe is limited by the spontaneous formation of the intrinsic closed-shell cation vacancy V-Cd(2-) and/or DX centers. For p-type doping, it is limited by not having a dopant with both high solubility and shallow acceptor level. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 5 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 229 IS 1 BP 305 EP 310 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200201)229:1<305::AID-PSSB305>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 520WK UT WOS:000173806600062 ER PT J AU Yokoi, H Kakudate, Y Fujiwara, S Kim, Y Takeyama, S Karczewski, G Wojtowicz, T Kossut, J AF Yokoi, H Kakudate, Y Fujiwara, S Kim, Y Takeyama, S Karczewski, G Wojtowicz, T Kossut, J TI Spectral anomalies of exciton photoluminescence at v=1 and 2/3 in a modulation-doped n-type CdTe/(Cd, Mg, Mn)Te single quantum well SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 09-14, 2001 CL BREMEN, GERMANY ID O LANDAU-LEVEL; STATES AB Spin-polarized magnetophotoluminescence measurements have been conducted in a modulation-doped n-type CdTe/(Cd, Mg, Mn)Te single quantum well at 1.5 K under 2 s long pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 T For the sigma(-) polarization, a new peak was observed to emerge at v similar to 1 on the higher energy side of a main peak. The former peak became larger than the latter with increasing magnetic field, while the latter peak had a local maximum at v similar to 0.9 and attenuated. Furthermore, magnetic field dependence of the latter peak energy showed step-like behavior around v similar to 0.9. The intensity of the former peak was observed to increase monotonically with field, showed a kink at v similar to 2/3 and saturated, i.e. showed a shoulder-like structure there, With changing the angle between the direction of the sample surface normal and the magnetic field, both features at v similar to 1 and 2/3 exhibited tendencies to fade out, which suggests that the former is associated with spin-singlet charged exciton and the latter with fractional quantum Hall effect at v = 2/3. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Yokoi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-1 Higashi 1 Chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. RI Kossut, Jacek/K-9481-2016; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Kossut, Jacek/0000-0001-6165-3169; NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 229 IS 2 BP 681 EP 684 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200201)229:2<681::AID-PSSB681>3.0.CO;2-B PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 520WL UT WOS:000173806700012 ER PT J AU Wen, B Jia, JF Li, SY Liu, T Chen, LX Sachtler, WMH AF Wen, B Jia, JF Li, SY Liu, T Chen, LX Sachtler, WMH TI Synergism of cobalt and palladium in MFI zeolite of relevance to NO reduction with methane SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED REDUCTION; HIGHLY DISPERSED PALLADIUM; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; SELECTIVE REDUCTION; SURFACE SEGREGATION; HYDROGEN SPILLOVER; ELEMENTARY STEPS; CO HYDROGENATION; METAL PHASES; ALLOYS AB A series of MFI supported bimetallic catalysts with high Co/Pd ratios and high metal loading was prepared by first subliming CoBr2 vapor onto H/MFI, followed by ion exchange of some Pd from an aqueous solution of Pd(NH3)(4)(NO3)(2). They were tested for NO reduction with CH4 in the presence of 2% O-2. Best performance was observed with Co/Pd = 14/1. In this catalyst Pd-0 sites are assumed to activate methane. At higher Pd loading the catalytic selectivity is lower because large PdO particles are formed, which catalyze methane combustion. The reducibility of Co is significantly enhanced by small amounts of Pd. At 55degreesC, the Pd and a comparable amount of Co are co-reduced. The particles consist of two phases, including a phase of almost pure Pd capable of forming Pd hydride. Metal reduction is complete at 550degreesC. Many reduced particles are biphasic, with a Pd-rich kernel and Co-rich mantle. EXAFS reveals Pd Co bonds at the interface. A substantial reorganization of the metal particles takes place at 800degreesC, Pd-rich large alloy particles coexist with small particles of Co and Co-rich alloy. The alloy particles exhibit high and stable activity for NO reduction to N-2 with CH4 at 300degreesC, but lose this activity at high reaction temperature. C1 Northwestern Univ, Inst Environm Catalysis, VN Ipatieff Lab, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sachtler, WMH (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Inst Environm Catalysis, VN Ipatieff Lab, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 10 BP 1983 EP 1989 DI 10.1039/b111200g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 547HC UT WOS:000175326100046 ER PT J AU Tranter, RS Sivaramakrishnan, R Brezinsky, K Allendorf, MD AF Tranter, RS Sivaramakrishnan, R Brezinsky, K Allendorf, MD TI High pressure, high temperature shock tube studies of ethane pyrolysis and oxidation SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th International Bunsen Discussion Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsengesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie CY OCT 07-11, 2001 CL BAD HERRENALB, GERMANY SP Deutsch Bunsen Gesell Phys Chemie ID AROMATIC HYDROCARBON FORMATION; METHANE; IGNITION; MIXTURES; REACTOR; PROPANE; OXYGEN; FLAMES; WAVES AB A unique high-pressure single pulse shock tube has been used to obtain the first experimental data for ethane oxidation and pyrolysis at very high pressures and temperatures. Experiments were performed at two nominal reaction pressures of 340 bar and 613 bar in the temperature range 1050 K to 1450 K. The major stable species were identified and their concentrations determined using gas chromatography. Several minor species, with up to four carbon atoms and including oxygenates, were also observed in the oxidation studies. Three models based on literature mechanisms for hydrocarbon oxidation were used to simulate the experimental data. All of the models simulate the pyrolysis data well although only one of the models was capable of accurately describing the oxidation data. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brezinsky, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, 810 S Clinton St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, RAGHU/C-3481-2008 OI SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, RAGHU/0000-0002-1867-1254 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 11 BP 2001 EP 2010 DI 10.1039/b110702j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 553ZT UT WOS:000175708800002 ER PT J AU Dosche, C Lohmannsroben, HG Bieser, A Dosa, PI Han, S Iwamoto, M Schleifenbaum, A Vollhardt, KPC AF Dosche, C Lohmannsroben, HG Bieser, A Dosa, PI Han, S Iwamoto, M Schleifenbaum, A Vollhardt, KPC TI Photophysical properties of [N]phenylenes SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COBALT-CATALYZED COCYCLIZATION; CYCLOHEXATRIENE RING; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; SINGLET-STATES; 1ST MEMBER; BIPHENYLENE; SPECTRA; <3>PHENYLENE; HYDROCARBONS; <4>PHENYLENE AB In the present study, photophysical properties of [N] phenylenes were studied by means of stationary and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy ( in THF at room temperature). For biphenylene ( 1) and linear [3] phenylene (2a), internal conversion (IC) with quantum yields Phi(IC) > 0.99 is by far the dominant mechanism of S-1 state deactivation. Angular [3] phenylene (3a), the zig-zag [4]- and [5] phenylenes (3b), (3c), and the triangular [ 4] phenylene ( 4) show fluorescence emission with fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes between Phi(F) = 0.07 for (3a) and 0.21 for (3c) and tau(F) = 20 ns for (3a) and 81 ns for (4). Also, compounds (3) and (4) exhibit triplet formation upon photoexcitation with quantum yields as high as Phi(ISC) = 0.45 for (3c). The strong differences in the fluorescence properties and in the triplet formation efficiencies between (1) and ( 2a) on one hand and ( 3) and ( 4) on the other are related to the remarkable variation of the internal conversion ( IC) rate constants k(IC). A tentative classification of (1) and (2a) as "fast IC compounds", with k(IC) > 10(9) s(-1), and of (3) and (4) as "slow IC compounds", with k(IC) approximate to 10(7) s(-1), is suggested. This classification cannot simply be related to Huckel's rule-type concepts of aromaticity, because the group of fast IC compounds consists of antiaromatic (1) and aromatic (2a), and the group of slow IC compounds consists of antiaromatic (3b), (4) and aromatic (3a), (3c). The IC in the [N] phenylenes is discussed within the framework of the so-called energy gap law established for non-radiative processes in benzenoid hydrocarbons. C1 Univ Potsdam, Inst Chem, D-14476 Golm Potsdam, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lohmannsroben, HG (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Chem, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Golm Potsdam, Germany. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 11 BP 2156 EP 2161 DI 10.1039/b109342h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 553ZT UT WOS:000175708800019 ER PT J AU Gaillard, C Den Auwer, C Conradson, SD AF Gaillard, C Den Auwer, C Conradson, SD TI An X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy study of trace amount technetium implanted in apatite SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECIATION AB We report the characterization of the chemical form of trace amounts of technetium implanted in hydroxyapatite and annealed in air, using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. C1 Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CEA, DRCP, SCPS, LCAM, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gaillard, C (reprint author), IReS, BP 28, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2499 EP 2500 DI 10.1039/b202618j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 563FY UT WOS:000176246700002 ER PT J AU Saravanan, C Koper, MTM Markovic, NM Head-Gordon, M Ross, PN AF Saravanan, C Koper, MTM Markovic, NM Head-Gordon, M Ross, PN TI Modeling base voltammetry and CO electrooxidation at the Pt(111)-electrolyte interface: Monte Carlo simulations including anion adsorption SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELECTRODES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTIONS; LATTICE-GAS MODEL; PT(111) ELECTRODE; IN-SITU; CARBON-MONOXIDE; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AB We perform dynamic Monte Carlo simulations to understand the effect of anion adsorption on CO oxidation at the Pt(111)-electrolyte (sulfuric acid) interface. Our simulations are performed on a model for CO electrooxidation, where oxygen-containing species (adsorbed OH) formed on the Pt surface reacts with adsorbed CO by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism to form CO2. In our site-blocking model, discharged anions adsorb on fcc and hcp sites, while CO and OH occupy the atop sites. Our simulations of blank voltammograms show a disorder to order phase transition for HSO4 adsorption on Pt(111) surfaces near 0.4 V, RHE. This transition is observed when the difference in binding energy of HSO4 on hcp and fcc sites, Deltaepsilon>> k(B)T. Here T is the temperature and k(B) is the Boltzmann constant. We attribute this transition to the formation of the sulfate 'butterfly' observed in experimental base voltammograms. The ordered state ((root3 x root3)R30degrees) is composed of antiphase anion islands separated by domain walls. OH adsorption is observed at a potential near 0.75 V along the atop sites near the domain walls. Our simulations indicate the quenching of this phase transition for relatively high rates of OH adsorption. This phenomena is also observed in experiments for small concentrations of sulfuric acid solutions. For CO oxidation stripping voltammetry in the limit of slow CO diffusion, our simulations show a prewave ( slow CO oxidation) followed by a sharp peak (rapid CO oxidation). The observed features are the result of strongly correlated kinetic events, and is explained using a nucleation-growth model. In the limit of fast diffusion, CO moving rapidly on the electrode surface washes out these effects resulting in a voltammogram with no prewave. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM saru@bastille.cchem.berkeley.edu RI Koper, Marc/C-5026-2009 NR 60 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2660 EP 2666 DI 10.1039/b200460g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 563FY UT WOS:000176246700026 ER PT S AU van Buuren, T Bostedt, C Taylor, BR Willey, TM Hope-Weeks, L Weeks, BD Terminello, LJ AF van Buuren, T Bostedt, C Taylor, BR Willey, TM Hope-Weeks, L Weeks, BD Terminello, LJ BE Zhang, JZ Wang, ZL TI X-ray absorption study of colloidal Ge quantum dots SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF INTERFACES AND NANOMATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physical Chemistry of Interfaces and Nanomaterials CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Amer Chem Soc Petr Res Fund, Eastman Kodak Co, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID NANOCRYSTALS; FILMS; SI AB X-ray absorption measurements at the L-edge in chemically prepared, Germanium nanoclusters show a blue shift of the conduction band edge consistent with quantum confinement theory. Additionally the effects of the surface termination on the, electronic proper-ties are probed with x-ray absorption processes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP van Buuren, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011; Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Willey, Trevor/0000-0002-9667-8830; Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4575-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4807 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.451237 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BV73U UT WOS:000179916800001 ER PT S AU Klie, RF Sun, K Disko, MM Liu, J Browning, ND AF Klie, RF Sun, K Disko, MM Liu, J Browning, ND BE Zhang, JZ Wang, ZL TI Direct observations of metal support interaction in nano-scale systems SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF INTERFACES AND NANOMATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physical Chemistry of Interfaces and Nanomaterials CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Amer Chem Soc Petr Res Fund, Eastman Kodak Co, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE STEM; Z-contrast imaging; EELS; heterogeneous catalyst; Pt/SiO2; Cu/Al2O3 ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CO OXIDATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; CATALYSTS; RESOLUTION; COPPER; REDUCTION; CU/AL2O3 AB In this paper, we will describe the experimental processes involved in analytical atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) of supported nano-scale systems. We show that the combination of high-resolution Z-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) provides an analytical tool with unprecedented chemical and spatial sensitivity that is vital for studying interfaces in heterogeneous catalyst systems. We apply the described methods to study two example heterogeneous catalyst systems: Pt/SiO2, and Cu/A1(2)O(3). In particular, the presence of a few monolayers of platinum oxide in Pt/SiO2 can be clearly seen, and changes in the chemistry of the SiO2 support within similar to1 nm of the metal-oxide interface can be characterized as a function of the catalyst preparation conditions. The Cu/Al2O3, reduced at various temperatures, exhibits an increasing oxidation of the Cu-particles upon higher temperature reduction. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Klie, RF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4575-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4807 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.450936 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BV73U UT WOS:000179916800006 ER PT S AU Joly, AG Chen, W Malm, JO Huang, YN Bovin, JO AF Joly, AG Chen, W Malm, JO Huang, YN Bovin, JO BE Zhang, JZ Wang, ZL TI Nanoparticles formed within porous hosts: A new type of phosphor and storage device SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF INTERFACES AND NANOMATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physical Chemistry of Interfaces and Nanomaterials CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Amer Chem Soc Petr Res Fund, Eastman Kodak Co, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID PHOTOSTIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; FLUORESCENCE; EU2O3; BAFBR-EU-2+; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS; EU3+Y2O3; CLUSTERS AB Recent results on the structure and luminescence enhancement of Eu2O3, EuS, and ZnS:Mn2+ as well as photo-stimulated luminescence of Ag and AgI nanoparticles encapsulated in porous hosts are presented. Eu2O3 nanoparticles encapsulated in MCM-41 display different structures depending on the temperature used to form the guest-host material. Particles formed following heat treatment at 140degreesC show monoclinic structure with enhanced luminescence efficiency. This increased efficiency may originate from a decrease in the radiative lifetime of the emitter within the host cavity. Similarly, EuS and ZnS:Mn2+ show increased luminescence when encapsulated in zeolite-Y. Ag and AgI nanoparticles encapsulated in zeolite-Y show significant photostimulated luminescence with very short lifetimes. The appearance of strong photostimulated luminescence with short decay times demonstrates that nanoparticles encapsulated in porous host materials have potential for digital storage and medical radiology applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Joly, AG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4575-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4807 BP 150 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.451001 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BV73U UT WOS:000179916800015 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Doolen, GD Kamenev, DI Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Doolen, GD Kamenev, DI Tsifrinovich, VI TI Perturbation theory for quantum computation with a large number of qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER AB We develop a dynamical perturbation theory for solid-state quantum computation with many qubits. The errors in the implementation of simple quantum logic operations caused by nonresonant transitions are estimated, We verify our perturbation approach using exact numerical solution for relatively small (N = 10) number of qubits. A preferred range of parameters is found in which the errors in processing quantum information are reasonably small. Our results can be useful for understanding the mechanisms of errors and for experimental testing of scalable solid-state quantum computers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 012321 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.012321 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 511PB UT WOS:000173273800047 ER PT J AU Damski, B Karkuszewski, ZP Sacha, K Zakrzewski, J AF Damski, B Karkuszewski, ZP Sacha, K Zakrzewski, J TI Simple method for excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DARK SOLITONS; ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS; ATOMS; INTERFERENCE; GAS; VORTICES; DYNAMICS; LITHIUM; COUPLER; STATE AB An appropriate, time-dependent modification of the trapping potential may be sufficient to create effectively collective excitations in a cold-atom Bose-Einstein condensate. The proposed method is complementary to earlier suggestions and should allow the creation of both dark solitons and vortices. C1 Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Inst Fiz Imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Damski, B (reprint author), Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Inst Fiz Imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Ulica Reymonta 4, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Damski, Bogdan/E-3027-2013; Sacha, Krzysztof/L-3086-2013; Zakrzewski, Jakub/B-4487-2011 OI Sacha, Krzysztof/0000-0001-6463-0659; Zakrzewski, Jakub/0000-0003-0998-9460 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 013604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.013604 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 511PB UT WOS:000173273800082 ER PT J AU Rose, JH AF Rose, JH TI "Single-sided" focusing of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB The problem of focusing is considered for the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrodinger equation with a local potential. Focusing is also considered for the closely related plasma wave equation. It is supposed that an experimenter can send in an incident wave from one side of the potential. Then to what degree can the wave be focused? It will be shown that an incident wave can be found so that the real part of the wave collapses to a delta function delta(x-x(0)) when t=0. The equation that governs this previously unsolved "single-sided" focusing problem is derived and shown to be Marchenko's equation-the canonical equation of one-dimensional inverse-scattering theory. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rose, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 012707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.012707 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 511PB UT WOS:000173273800065 ER PT J AU White, AG James, DFV Munro, WJ Kwiat, PG AF White, AG James, DFV Munro, WJ Kwiat, PG TI Exploring Hilbert space: Accurate characterization of quantum information SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DECOHERENCE-FREE SUBSPACES; ENTANGLEMENT; TELEPORTATION; COMPUTATION; STATES; UNIVERSAL AB We report the creation of a wide range of quantum states with controllable degrees of entanglement and entropy using an optical two-qubit source based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The states are characterized using measures of entanglement and entropy determined from tomographically determined density matrices. The tangle-entropy plane is introduced as a graphical representation of these states, and the theoretic upper bound for the maximum amount of entanglement possible for a given entropy is presented. Such a combination of general quantum state creation and accurate characterization is an essential prerequisite for quantum device development. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hewlett Packard Labs, Maths Cryptog & Secur Grp, Bristol BS34 8QZ, Avon, England. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP White, AG (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009; Munro, William/A-8453-2011; White, Andrew/A-1088-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602; Munro, William/0000-0003-1835-2250; White, Andrew/0000-0001-9639-5200 NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 012301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.012301 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 511PB UT WOS:000173273800027 ER PT J AU Bogdanoff, PD Fultz, B Robertson, JL Crow, L AF Bogdanoff, PD Fultz, B Robertson, JL Crow, L TI Temperature dependence of the phonon entropy of vanadium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROUP-IV METALS; BCC PHASE; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; DISPERSION AB The phonon density-of-states (DOS) of elemental vanadium was measured at elevated temperatures by inelastic neutron scattering. The phonon softening predicted by thermal expansion against the bulk modulus is much larger than the measured shifts in phonon energies, We conclude that the phonon anharmonicities associated with thermal expansion are largely canceled by effects from phonon-phonon scattering. Prior measurements of the heat capacity and calculations of the electronic entropy of vanadium are assessed, and consistency requires an explicit temperature dependence of the phonon DOS. Using data from the literature, similar results are found for chromium, niobium, titanium, and zirconium. C1 CALTECH, Keck Lab Engn Mat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bogdanoff, PD (reprint author), CALTECH, Keck Lab Engn Mat, Mail 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.014303 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510AF UT WOS:000173186000068 ER PT J AU Campbell, BJ Osborn, R Argyriou, DN Vasiliu-Doloc, L Mitchell, JF Sinha, SK Ruett, U Ling, CD Islam, Z Lynn, JW AF Campbell, BJ Osborn, R Argyriou, DN Vasiliu-Doloc, L Mitchell, JF Sinha, SK Ruett, U Ling, CD Islam, Z Lynn, JW TI Structure of nanoscale polaron correlations in La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-ORDERED STRIPES; MAGNETOTRANSPORT PROPERTIES; LA1-XCAXMNO3; RESISTIVITY; LASR2MN2O7; MANGANITES AB A system of strongly interacting electron-lattice polarons can exhibit charge and orbital order at sufficiently high polaron concentrations. In this study, the structure of short-range polaron correlations in the layered colossal magnetoresistive perovskite manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 has been determined by a cystallographic analysis of broad satellite maxima observed in diffuse x-ray and neutron-scattering data, The resulting q approximate to (0.3,0, +/-1) modulation is a longitudinal octahedral-stretch mode, consistent with incommensurate Jahn-Teller-coupled charge-density-wave fluctuations, that implies an unusual orbital-stripe pattern parallel to the (100) directions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Campbell, BJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Campbell, Branton/A-3990-2008; Ling, Chris D/B-2228-2009; Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011 OI Ling, Chris D/0000-0003-2205-3106; Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140 NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.014427 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510AF UT WOS:000173186000097 ER PT J AU Chen, XH Wang, YS Xue, YY Meng, RL Wang, YQ Chu, CW AF Chen, XH Wang, YS Xue, YY Meng, RL Wang, YQ Chu, CW TI Correlation between the residual resistance ratio and magnetoresistance in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The resistivity and magnetoresistance in the normal state for bulk and thin-film MgB2 with different nominal compositions have been studied systematically. These samples show different temperature dependences of normal-state resistivity and residual resistance ratios although their superconducting transition temperatures are nearly the same, except for the thin-film sample. The correlation between the residual resistance ratio (RRR) and the power-law dependence of the low-temperature resistivity, rho vs T-c, indicates that the electron-phonon interaction is important. It is found that the magnetoresistance (MR) in the normal state scales well with the RRR, a(0) (MR) proportional to (RRR) (2.2+/-0.1) at 50 K. This accounts for the large difference in magnetoresistance reported by various groups, due to different defect scatterings in the samples. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.024502 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510NA UT WOS:000173213100091 ER PT J AU Cherne, FJ Baskes, MI Deymier, PA AF Cherne, FJ Baskes, MI Deymier, PA TI Properties of liquid nickel: A critical comparison of EAM and MEAM calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS METHODS; TRANSITION-METALS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; FCC METALS; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; LATTICE-DEFECTS AB In this paper, we compare a variety of properties of liquid nickel calculated with two different embedded atom model functions [J. Cai and Y. Y. Ye, Phys. Rev. B 54, 8398 (1996); M. I. Baskes, J. I. Angelo, and N. R. Moody, in Hydrogen Effects on Material Behavior, edited by N. R. Moody and A. W. Thomson (The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA. 1995)] and four variations of the modified embedded atom (MEAM) model [M. I. Baskes, Mater. Chem. Phys. 50, 152 (1997)]. We report calculated values of the melting point and structure factors for each of the representative potentials. We calculate via equilibrium molecular dynamics the shear viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient. This study shows that the short-ranged MEAM potential can give a representative picture of liquid nickel. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Struct & Property Relat 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cherne, FJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Struct & Property Relat 8, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024209 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.024209 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510NA UT WOS:000173213100042 ER PT J AU Errandonea, D Boehler, R Ross, M AF Errandonea, D Boehler, R Ross, M TI Melting of the alkaline-earth metals to 80 GPa SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BARIUM-IV; DIAGRAM; MG AB The melting curves of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba were measured in a laser-heated diamond-anvil-cell to 80 GPa. Systematic changes in the melting slopes were found to be associated with the phase transitions observed at room temperature and with the increasing d-electron character of these metals. Mg, Ca, and Sr show a flattening of the melting curve (dT/dPsimilar to0) when they melt from the bcc structure, most likely due to the small volume change between bee and melt structures. Sr exhibits a melting minimum at 40 GPa and 2000 K which is coincident with the presence of complex structures observed at room temperature. Above 20 (40) GPa, Ba (Sr) shows a continuous rise in the melting temperature apparently related to the completion of the sp-->d electron transfer. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Errandonea, D (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 434E,8700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Errandonea, Daniel/J-7695-2016 OI Errandonea, Daniel/0000-0003-0189-4221 NR 30 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 012108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.012108 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510AF UT WOS:000173186000008 ER PT J AU Gordon, JE Marcenat, C Franck, JP Isaac, I Zhang, GW Lortz, R Meingast, C Bouquet, F Fisher, RA Phillips, NE AF Gordon, JE Marcenat, C Franck, JP Isaac, I Zhang, GW Lortz, R Meingast, C Bouquet, F Fisher, RA Phillips, NE TI Specific heat and thermal expansion of La0.65Ca0.35MnO3: Magnetic-field dependence, isotope effect, and evidence for a first-order phase transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; LA1-XCAXMNO3; RESISTIVITY; MANGANITES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; PEROVSKITES; 2ND-ORDER; FILMS AB The specific heat and thermal expansion of the same polycrystalline samples of La0.65Ca0.35MnO3, with either O-16 or O-18, have been measured for 85 < T< 310 K in zero field and in magnetic fields to 60 kOe. Anomalies at T-C(O-16) = 265 K and T-C (O-18) = 256 K mark the zero-field ferromagnetic transitions. Their shapes, the derived changes in entropy and volume, and a comparison with the pressure dependence of T-C show that the ferromagnetic ordering is a thermodynamic first-order transition. broadened by a distribution in T-C. Magnetic fields change the character of the transition, broaden the anomalies, and shift them to higher temperatures. The shift is greater for O-18 than for O-16, corresponding to a decrease in the isotope effect with increasing field. C1 Amherst Coll, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. CEA Grenoble, SPSMS, DRFMC, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Fak Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amherst Coll, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024441 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.024441 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510NA UT WOS:000173213100086 ER PT J AU Guslienko, KY Novosad, V Otani, Y Shima, H Fukamichi, K AF Guslienko, KY Novosad, V Otani, Y Shima, H Fukamichi, K TI Magnetization reversal due to vortex nucleation, displacement, and annihilation in submicron ferromagnetic dot arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COBALT DOTS; SHAPE; NANOMAGNETS; ANISOTROPY AB Magnetization processes are analytically described for the arrays of soft ferromagnetic polycrystalline circular dots with submicron dimensions, wherein the magnetization reversal accompanied by nucleation, displacement, and annihilation of magnetic vortices. Magnetostatic, exchange, and Zeeman energies are taken into account for the analysis. The magnetic state of each dot in an applied magnetic field is treated as an off-centered rigid vortex structure; i.e., the vortex keeps its spin distribution while being displaced. This rigid vortex model yields analytical expressions for the size-dependent initial susceptibility, the vortex nucleation, and the annihilation fields, The interdot magnetostatic interaction plays an Important role in the magnetization reversal for the arrays when the interdot distance is smaller than the disk radius, where the initial susceptibility increases and both the nucleation and annihilation fields decrease. The analytical predictions are compared to the micromagnetic calculations, and limitations of the model are discussed. C1 Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Phys, Seoul 130012, South Korea. Tohoku Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Novosad, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Bldg 223,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; OTANI, Yoshichika/I-5884-2012; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 OI OTANI, Yoshichika/0000-0001-8008-1493; NR 32 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.024414 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510NA UT WOS:000173213100059 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, A Fitzsimmons, MR Dura, JA Majkrzak, CF AF Hoffmann, A Fitzsimmons, MR Dura, JA Majkrzak, CF TI Investigating magnetic proximity effects in NiO/Pd with polarized neutron reflectometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC NIO; PD/FE MULTILAYERS; PD; REFLECTION; SURFACE; SUPERLATTICES; FILMS AB With polarized neutron reflectometry we investigated NiO/Pd heterostructures for the presence of a magnetic proximity effect, which is expected to produce an induced ferromagnetic moment in Pd. Using a specific isotope mixture of Ni in the preparation of NiO, the chemical contrast across the Pd/NiO interface was greatly suppressed, thus enhancing sensitivity to magnetic contrast at the reflecting interface. Despite enhanced sensitivity, no evidence for a proximity effect was observed. If present, the magnetic moment per Pd atom could not be more than 0.01 mu(B), regardless of Pd layer thickness, crystalline interface orientation, and number of NiO/Pd bilayers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hoffmann, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024428 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.024428 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510NA UT WOS:000173213100073 ER PT J AU Huh, YM Finnemore, DK AF Huh, YM Finnemore, DK TI Electronic density of states derived from thermodynamic critical field curves for underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; REVERSIBLE MAGNETIZATION; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; PSEUDOGAP; MODEL AB Thermodynamic critical field curves have been measured for La2-xSrxCuO4+delta over the full range of carrier concentrations where superconductivity occurs in order to determine changes in the normal-state density of states with carrier concentration. There is a substantial window in the H-T plane where measurements are possible because the samples are both thermodynamically reversible and the temperature is low enough that vortex fluctuations are not important. In this window, the data fit the Hao-Clem model rather well, so this model is used to determine H-c and kappa(c) for each temperature and carrier concentration. Using N(0) and the ratio of the energy gap to transition temperature, Delta(0)/k(B)T(c), as fitting parameters, the H-c vs T curves give Delta(0,)/k(B)T(c)similar to2.0 over the whole range of x. Values of N(0) remain rather constant in the optimum-doped and overdoped regime, but drop quickly toward zero in the underdoped regime. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Huh, YM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.024523 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510NA UT WOS:000173213100112 ER PT J AU Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Movshovich, R Jaime, M Petrovic, C Fisk, Z AF Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Movshovich, R Jaime, M Petrovic, C Fisk, Z TI Unusual Kondo behavior in the indium-rich heavy-fermion antiferromagnet Ce3Pt4In13 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC-POWER; CRYSTALLINE FIELD; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; CERIUM; ALLOYS; CEPDSB AB We report the thermodynamic, magnetic., and electronic transport properties of the ternary intermetallic system (Ce, La)(3)Pt4In13. Ce3Pt4In13 orders antiferromagnetically at 0.95 K, while the nonmagnetic compound La3Pt4In13 is a conventional 3.3-K superconductor. Kondo lattice effects appear to limit the entropy associated with the Neel transition to (1/4)R In 2 as an electronic contribution to the specific heat of gamma similar to 1 J/mole Ce K-2 is observed at T-N; roughly 35% of this gamma survives the ordering transition. Hall effect, thermoelectric power. and ambient-pressure resistivity measurements confirm this interpretation. These results suggest that RKKY and Kondo interactions are closely balanced in this compound (T(N)approximate toT(K)). Contrary to expectations based on the Doniach Kondo necklace model, applied hydrostatic pressure modestly enhances the magnetic ordering temperature with dT(N)/dP = +23 mK/kbar. As such Ce3Pt4In13 provides a counterexample to Kondo systems with similar Kondo and RKKY energy scales, wherein applied pressure enhances T-K at the expense of the ordered magnetic state. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Hundley, MF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.024401 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510NA UT WOS:000173213100046 ER PT J AU Isaev, EI Pourovskii, LV Niklasson, AMN Vekilov, YK Johansson, B Abrikosov, IA AF Isaev, EI Pourovskii, LV Niklasson, AMN Vekilov, YK Johansson, B Abrikosov, IA TI Magnetic properties of a Co/Cu/Ni trilayer on the Cu(100) surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; GREEN-FUNCTION; SPIN DYNAMICS; THIN-FILMS; NI; CO AB Magnetic moments, total energies, and exchange interactions have been calculated for Co-3 /Cu-N/Ni-5 trilayer and Cu-N /Ni-5 bilayer on the Cu(100) substrate by means of the, interface Green's-function technique within the basis set of linear muffin-tin orbitals. We find that Co and Ni layers in the trilayer are exchange coupled, and observe that the energy difference between the ferromagnetic and the paramagnetic samples is substantially larger than the energy difference between the ferromagnetic sample and the sample where only Ni layers are paramagnetic, while Co layers have nonvanishing magnetic moments. These results are in agreement with recent experiments, where it was observed that the magnetization of Co and Ni layers vanishes at different temperatures, and the difference oscillates as a function of thickness of nonmagnetic spacer layer. Magnetic moment profiles, as well as layer-resolved effective exchange parameters, were calculated and discussed. C1 Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Dept Theoret Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Isaev, EI (reprint author), Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Dept Theoret Phys, Leninskii Prospect 4, Moscow 119991, Russia. RI Poyurovskiy, Leonid/F-1764-2015 NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024435 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.024435 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510NA UT WOS:000173213100080 ER PT J AU Jackson, DD Torelli, M Fisk, Z AF Jackson, DD Torelli, M Fisk, Z TI Anisotropy in magnetic and transport properties of LaTSb3 (T = Cr, V) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LN=LA-ND; ANTIMONIDES; TRANSITION; LACRSB3; METAL; SM AB We report measurements of anisotropy in magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, and electrical resistivity using single crystals of LaTSb3 (T = Cr,V). LaTSb3 is a quasi-two-dimensional system with an orthorhombic crystal structure (space group Pbcm), possessing a rich phase diagram with a ferromagnetic transition at T-C = 132 K due to the ordering of the Cr ions. In order to investigate LaTSb3, magnetic susceptibility and magnetization for fields up to 55 kG and in the temperature range of 2-350 K have been measured with the field aligned to the three principle axes. The electrical resistivity of LaCrSb3 has been measured for currents parallel to the a, b, and c axes in the temperature range 5-295 K, as well as magnetoresistance at 20 k and 60 kG along the b axis. Isostructural LaVSb3 is found have no transitions in either the magnetization or the resistivity; therefore, it is presented as a nonmagnetic counterpart. Just below T-C, the easy axis is found to be within the b-c plane in the direction of the magnetic field. As the system is further cooled. there is a crossover from quasi-two-dimensional (2D) to 3D anisotropy below a characteristic temperature T*, and the easy axis of magnetization becomes oriented along the b axis. Furthermore, it is found that T* decreases linearly as the magnetic field is increased, and is suppressed with a field H > 3.7 kG. A high-temperature antiferromagnetic transition is found at T-N = 98 K. The value of T-N is found to be independent of the applied magnetic field up to H = 0.25 kG, at which point this antiferromagnetic phase is suppressed. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Jackson, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-202, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.014421 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510AF UT WOS:000173186000091 ER PT J AU Knebel, G Braithwaite, D Canfield, PC Lapertot, G Flouquet, J AF Knebel, G Braithwaite, D Canfield, PC Lapertot, G Flouquet, J TI Electronic properties of CeIn3 under high pressure near the quantum critical point SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION COMPOUNDS; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; MAGNETICALLY MEDIATED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LIQUID BEHAVIOR; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; KONDO DISORDER; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC METALS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; PHASE-TRANSITION AB We present a detailed study of the phase diagram of the antiferromagnetic Kondo-lattice compound CeIn3 under pressure up to 100 kbar by resistivity measurements. Antiferromagnetic order vanishes at a critical pressure P-c=26.5 kbar. At this quantum critical point a complete superconducting transition is found in the pressure range from 24 to 27 kbar. Normal state properties near the critical point show strong deviations from Fermi-liquid behavior. In magnetic fields just above the upper critical field Fermi-liquid behavior is restored. For P>P-c, rho(T) shows a clean T-2 dependence up to a crossover temperature T-1 which increases linearly with pressure. The temperature dependence of the upper critical field H-c2 can be described with a strong coupling model in the clean limit. C1 CEA Grenoble, SPSMS, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Knebel, G (reprint author), CEA Grenoble, SPSMS, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RI LAPERTOT, Gerard/B-3354-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 79 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.024425 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 510NA UT WOS:000173213100070 ER PT J AU Lamura, G Di Gennaro, E Salluzzo, M Andreone, A Le Cochec, J Gauzzi, A Cantoni, C Paranthaman, M Christen, DK Christen, HA Giunchi, G Ceresara, S AF Lamura, G Di Gennaro, E Salluzzo, M Andreone, A Le Cochec, J Gauzzi, A Cantoni, C Paranthaman, M Christen, DK Christen, HA Giunchi, G Ceresara, S TI Magnetic penetration depth measurements in MgB2 sintered pellets and thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID S-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-GAP; ANISOTROPY AB We have performed accurate measurements of the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth of the new intermetallic superconductor MgB2 using a high resolution single coil mutual inductance technique. Both sintered pellets and thin films exhibiting critical temperature values ranging between 37 and 38.4 K have been studied. In the case of the film, for T0.6 GeV/c. We determined that for (46.5 +/- 3.7)% of the proton-induced events and for (40.8 +/- 4.5)% of the pion-induced events with the two high-p(t) particles, there is also at least one backward emitted neutron with momentum greater than 0.32 GeV/c. This observation is in sharp contrast to a well-established universal pattern from a large variety of earlier inclusive measurements with hadrons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and antineutrinos where the probability for backward nucleon emission was in the 5 to 10 % range. We present also a measurement of the momentum spectra for the backward going neutrons. The spectra have the same universal shape observed in the inclusive reactions. We speculate that the enhanced backward neutron emission in this semi-inclusive region could be an indication for a strong dependence of the cross section on the squared total center-of-mass energy (s) and for the importance of short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, RU-141980 Moscow, Russia. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, RU-188350 St Petersburg, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Phys, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 015207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.015207 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 512EK UT WOS:000173308000049 ER PT J AU Pang, HR Ping, JL Wang, F Goldman, T AF Pang, HR Ping, JL Wang, F Goldman, T TI Phenomenological study of hadron interaction models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENT-QUARK-MODEL; NUCLEON-NUCLEON-INTERACTION; INTERMEDIATE RANGE ATTRACTION; MESON-EXCHANGE POTENTIALS; NON-TOPOLOGICAL SOLITONS; COLOR SCREENING MODEL; CLUSTER MODEL; HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; UNIFIED DESCRIPTION; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS AB We present a phenomenological study of three models with different effective degrees of freedom: a Goldstone bosun exchange model which is based on quark-meson couplings, the quark delocalization, color screening model which is based on quark-gluon couplings with delocalized quark wave functions, and the Fujiwara-Nijmegen mixed model which includes both quark-meson and quark-gluon couplings. We find that for roughly two-thirds of 64 states consisting of pairs of octet and decuplet baryons, the three models predict similar effective baryon-baryon interactions, This suggests that the three very different models, based on different effective degrees of freedom, are nonetheless all compatible with respect to baryon spectra and baryon-baryon interactions. We also discuss the differences between the three models and their separate characteristics. C1 Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. Nanjing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pang, HR (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. NR 71 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.014003 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 512EK UT WOS:000173308000008 ER PT J AU Saha, SK Constantinescu, C Daly, PJ Bhattacharyya, P Zhang, CT Grabowski, ZW Fornal, B Broda, R Ahmad, I Seweryniak, D Wiedenhover, I Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Reiter, P AF Saha, SK Constantinescu, C Daly, PJ Bhattacharyya, P Zhang, CT Grabowski, ZW Fornal, B Broda, R Ahmad, I Seweryniak, D Wiedenhover, I Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Reiter, P TI Excitations of two- and three-valence-proton nuclei Te-134 and I-135 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SN-132 REGION; SHELL-MODEL; ISOTOPES; FISSION; SB-133 AB Analyses of Cm-248 fission product gamma-ray coincidence data recorded at Gammasphere have yielded additional information about gamma-ray cascades in N = 82 isotones Te-134 and I-135. New-yrast and near-yrast states in both nuclei have been identified, and they are interpreted as specific shell model excitations. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Saha, SK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 017302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.017302 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 512EK UT WOS:000173308000061 ER PT J AU Timmermans, RGE Gibson, BF Li, Y Liou, MK AF Timmermans, RGE Gibson, BF Li, Y Liou, MK TI Noncoplanarity in proton-proton bremsstrahlung SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SOFT-PHOTON APPROXIMATION; PION-PRODUCTION THRESHOLD; PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; PP-BREMSSTRAHLUNG; CROSS-SECTIONS; DELTA-ISOBAR; AMPLITUDES; EXCHANGE; COPLANAR; VALIDITY AB Using the soft-photon approximation, we address the issue of the importance of noncoplanarity effects in proton-proton bremsstrahlung, We investigate the noncoplanar cross section as a function of the noncoplanarity angle (φ) over bar for the entire range of the photon polar angle psi(gamma). The (φ) over bar dependence is shown to provide a significant variation in the cross section, for a given psi(gamma). Thus, there can be some uncertainty in determining experimental coplanar cross sections. To avoid the phase-space singularities of spherical geometry. we utilize the Harvard noncoplanar geometry. A detailed explication of the Harvard geometry is provided, Comparison of our calculations with experimental data is included. C1 Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, Theory Grp, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Inst Nucl Theory, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. RP Timmermans, RGE (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, Theory Grp, Zernikelaan 25, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.014001 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 512EK UT WOS:000173308000006 ER PT J AU Wong, CY Swanson, ES Barnes, T AF Wong, CY Swanson, ES Barnes, T TI Heavy quarkonium dissociation cross sections in relativistic heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; J/PSI SUPPRESSION; HADRONIC MATTER; PSI' SUPPRESSION; POTENTIAL MODEL; SPS ENERGIES; SCATTERING; ABSORPTION; EXCHANGE; PLASMA AB Many of the hadron-hadron cross sections required for the study of the dynamics of matter produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions can be calculated using the quark-imerchange model. Here Are evaluate the low-energy dissociation cross sections of J/psi, psi', chi, Y, and Y' in collision with pi, rho, and K. These are important for the interpretation of heavy-quarkonium suppression as a signature for the quark gluon plasma, as such comover dissociation processes also contribute to heavy-quarkonium suppression. and must be understood and incorporated in simulations of heavy-ion collisions before QGP formation can be established through this signature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wong, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 48 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.014903 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 512EK UT WOS:000173308000037 ER PT J AU Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Gan, CY Zhang, XQ Beyer, CJ Kormicki, J Sakhaee, M Yang, LM Zhu, LY Xu, RQ Zhang, Z Jiang, Z Ma, WC Jones, EF Gore, PM Cole, JD Drigert, MW Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Ginter, TN Luo, YX Wu, SC Folden, C Fallon, P Zielinski, P Gregorich, KE Macchiavelli, AO Asztalos, SJ Ter-Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Stoyer, MA Greene, JP Janssens, RVF Ahmad, I AF Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Gan, CY Zhang, XQ Beyer, CJ Kormicki, J Sakhaee, M Yang, LM Zhu, LY Xu, RQ Zhang, Z Jiang, Z Ma, WC Jones, EF Gore, PM Cole, JD Drigert, MW Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Ginter, TN Luo, YX Wu, SC Folden, C Fallon, P Zielinski, P Gregorich, KE Macchiavelli, AO Asztalos, SJ Ter-Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Stoyer, MA Greene, JP Janssens, RVF Ahmad, I TI Observation of rotational bands in the neutron-rich Ru-107 nucleus SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS FISSION AB Levels in the neutron-rich, odd-mass Ru-107 nucleus have been reinvestigated with Gammasphere by measuring high-fold, prompt coincidence events following spontaneous fission of Cf-252. The ground,late band has been extended up to 27/2 (h) over bar. The structure associated with the h(11/2) excitation has been confirmed and extended to higher spin. The h(11/2) band head has been established to lie at 301.8 keV. These results, clear up differences between our earlier work and results from another experiment published recently. A new collective band based ;on a 9/2(-) level has been identified for the first time. Some distinct features of the level scheme are discussed. C1 Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37835 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RI Jiang, Zhuo/E-3110-2010; Folden, Charles/F-1033-2015 OI Folden, Charles/0000-0002-2814-3762 NR 10 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.014307 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 512EK UT WOS:000173308000016 ER PT J AU Afanasev, AV Akushevich, I Merenkov, NP AF Afanasev, AV Akushevich, I Merenkov, NP TI Radiative correction to the transferred polarization in elastic electron-proton scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; PAIR PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTION; PHOTON AB Using a method of electron structure functions, we calculated a model independent radiative correction to the recoil proton polarization for elastic electron-proton scattering. Explicit expressions for the recoil proton polarization are represented as a convolution of the electron structure functions and the hard part of the polarization-dependent contribution into the cross section. The hard part is calculated with first order radiative corrections. The obtained representation includes leading radiative corrections in all orders of perturbation theory and the main part of the second order next-to-leading radiative corrections. Numerical calculations illustrate our analytical results. C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. Jefferson Lab TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Natl Sci Ctr Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Afanasev, AV (reprint author), N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 013006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.013006 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000009 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Cross section and heavy quark composition of gamma+mu events produced in p(p)over-bar collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID = 1.8 TEV; PROMPT PHOTON; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; CHARM AB We present a measurement of the cross section and the first measurement of the heavy flavor content of associated direct photon + muon events produced in hadronic collisions. These measurements come from a sample of 1.8 TeV p (p) over bar collisions recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts that these events are primarily due to the Compton scattering process cg-->cgamma, with the final-state charm quark producing a muon. The cross section for events with a photon transverse momentum between 12 and 40 GeV/c is measured to be 46.8+/-6.3+/-7.5 pb, which is two standard deviations below the most recent theoretical calculation. A significant fraction of the events in the sample contain a final-state bottom quark. The ratio of charm to bottom production is measured to be 2.4+/-1.2, in good agreement with QCD models. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Affolder, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 012003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.012003 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000003 ER PT J AU Bardeen, W Duncan, A Eichten, E Isgur, N Thacker, H AF Bardeen, W Duncan, A Eichten, E Isgur, N Thacker, H TI Chiral loops and ghost states in the quenched scalar propagator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE QCD AB The scalar, isovector meson propagator is analyzed in quenched QCD, using the modified quenched approximation pole-shifting ansatz to study the chiral limit. In addition to the expected short-range exponential falloff characteristic of a heavy scalar meson, the propagator also exhibits a longer-range, negative metric contribution which becomes pronounced for smaller quark masses. We show that this is a quenched chiral loop effect associated with the anomalous structure of the eta' propagator in quenched QCD. Both the time dependence and the quark mass dependence of this effect are well described by a chiral loop diagram corresponding to an eta'-pi intermediate state, which is light and effectively of negative norm in the quenched approximation. The relevant parameters of the effective Lagrangian describing the scalar sector of the quenched theory are determined. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Bardeen, W (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.014509 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000046 ER PT J AU Bernard, C Williams, P Datta, S Gottlieb, S DeTar, C Heller, UM McNeile, C Orginos, K Sugar, R Toussaint, D AF Bernard, C Williams, P Datta, S Gottlieb, S DeTar, C Heller, UM McNeile, C Orginos, K Sugar, R Toussaint, D TI Lattice results for the decay constant of heavy-light vector mesons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; FERMIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; OPERATORS; SYMMETRY; QUARKS; NRQCD AB We compute the leptonic decay constants of heavy-light vector mesons in the quenched approximation. The reliability of lattice computations for heavy quarks is checked by comparing the ratio of vector to pseudoscalar decay constant with the prediction of heavy quark effective theory in the limit of an infinitely heavy quark mass. Good agreement is found. We then calculate the decay constant ratio for B mesons: f(B)*/f(B) = 1.01(0.01)((+0.04)(-0.01)). We also quote quenched f(B)*=177(6)(17) MeV. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. Florida State Univ, CSIT, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Math Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.014510 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000047 ER PT J AU Blum, T Christ, N Cristian, C Dawson, C Liao, X Liu, G Mawhinney, R Wu, L Zhestkov, Y AF Blum, T Christ, N Cristian, C Dawson, C Liao, X Liu, G Mawhinney, R Wu, L Zhestkov, Y TI Chirality correlation within Dirac eigenvectors from domain wall fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE QCD; INSTANTONS; SYMMETRY; TOPOLOGY; OPERATOR AB In the dilute instanton gas model of the QCD vacuum, one expects a strong spatial correlation between chirality and the maxima of the Dirac eigenvectors with small eigenvalues. Following Horvath et al. we examine this question using lattice gauge theory within the quenched approximation. We extend the work of those authors by using weaker coupling, beta=6.0, larger lattices, 16(4), and an improved fermion formulation, domain wall fermions. In contrast with this earlier work, we find a striking correlation between the magnitudes of the chirality density, \psidagger(x) gamma(5) psi(x)\, and the normal density, psidagger(x) psi(x), for the low-lying Dirac eigenvectors. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blum, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.014504 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000041 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Kribs, GD Terning, J AF Csaki, C Kribs, GD Terning, J TI 4D models of Scherk-Schwarz GUT breaking via deconstruction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES; LIGHT HIGGS DOUBLETS; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; GAUGINO CONDENSATION; STANDARD MODEL; TEV-SCALE; UNIFICATION; SUPERSTRINGS AB We examine new classes of GUT models where the GUT gauge group is broken by a 4D analogue of the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism. These models are inspired by "deconstructed" 5D Scherk-Schwarz orbifold models. However, no fine-tuning of parameters or assumption of higher dimensional Lorentz invariance is necessary, and the number of lattice sites can be as low as just two. These models provide simple ways to solve the doublet-triplet splitting problem, change proton decay predictions, and may provide insight into the structure of the CKM matrix. Since the number of fields in these models is finite, the corrections to the unification of gauge couplings can be reliably calculated, and as expected result only in threshold corrections to the differential running of the couplings. Our analysis also suggests new 4D models which can enjoy the benefits of orbifold models but cannot be obtained by deconstruction of a 5D model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM csaki@lanl.gov; kribs@pheno.physics.wisc.edu; terning@schwinger.harvard.edu NR 72 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 015004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.015004 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000053 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Erlich, J Grojean, C Kribs, GD AF Csaki, C Erlich, J Grojean, C Kribs, GD TI 4D constructions of supersymmetric extra dimensions and gaugino mediation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; DUALITY; VACUA; UNIFICATION; TOOLS AB We present 4D gauge theories which at low energies coincide with higher dimensional supersymmetric (SUSY) gauge theories on a transverse lattice. We show that in the simplest case of pure 5D SUSY Yang-Mills theory there is an enhancement of SUSY in the continuum limit without fine: tuning. This result no longer holds in the presence of matter fields, in which case fine tuning is necessary to ensure higher dimensional Lorentz invariance and supersymmetry. We use this construction to generate 4D models which mimic gaugino mediation of SUSY breaking. The way supersymmetry breaking is mediated in these models to the MSSM is by assuming that the physical gauginos are a mixture of a number of gauge eigenstate gauginos: one of these: couples to the SUSY breaking sector, while another couples to the MSSM matter fields. The lattice can be as coarse as just two gauge groups while still obtaining the characteristic gaugino-mediated soft breaking terms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM csaki@lanl.gov; erlich@lanl.gov; cmgrojean@lbl.gov OI grojean, christophe/0000-0002-7196-7361 NR 42 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 015003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.015003 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000052 ER PT J AU Edwards, RG Heller, UM AF Edwards, RG Heller, UM TI Are topological charge fluctuations in QCD instanton dominated? art. no. 014505 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE QCD; DIRAC OPERATOR; GAUGE AB We consider a recent proposal by Horvath et al. to address the question of whether topological charge fluctuations in QCD are instanton dominated via the response of fermions using lattice fermions with exact chiral symmetry, the overlap fern-Lions. Considering several volumes and lattice spacings, we find strong evidence for chirality of a finite density of low-lying eigenvectors of the overlap-Dirac operator in the regions where these modes are peaked. This result suggests instanton dominance of topological charge fluctuations in quenched QCD. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Florida State Univ, CSIT, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave,MS 12H2, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.014505 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000042 ER PT J AU Horvath, I Isgur, N McCune, J Thacker, HB AF Horvath, I Isgur, N McCune, J Thacker, HB TI Evidence against instanton dominance of topological charge fluctuations in QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ZWEIG-IIZUKA RULE; QUANTITATIVE THEORY; LATTICE QCD; MASS SPLITTINGS; 1-N EXPANSION; VACUUM; LIQUID; BARYONS; PHENOMENOLOGY; ULTRALOCALITY AB The low-lying eigenmodes of the Dirac operator associated with typical gauge field configurations in QCD encode, among other low-energy properties, the physics behind the solution to the U-A(1) problem (i.e., the origin of the eta' mass), the nature of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, the physics of string-breaking, quark-antiquark pair production, and the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka (OZI) rule. Moreover, the space-time chiral structure of these eigenmodes reflects the space-time topological structure of the underlying gauge field. We discuss initial evidence from lattice QCD on the local chiral structure of low Dirac eigenmodes which suggests that topological charge fluctuations of the QCD vacuum are not instanton dominated. Such a conclusion would support Witten's arguments that topological charge is produced by confinement-related gauge fluctuations rather than instantons. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Horvath, I (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 79 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.014502 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000039 ER PT J AU Lehmann, D Prezeau, G AF Lehmann, D Prezeau, G TI Effective field theory dimensional regularization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS; THRESHOLD EXPANSION; NEAR-THRESHOLD; HEAVY QUARKS; MASS; NUCLEONS AB A Lorentz-covariant regularization scheme for effective field theories with an arbitrary number of propagating heavy and light particles is given. This regularization scheme leaves the low-energy analytic structure of Greens functions intact and preserves all the symmetries of the underlying Lagrangian. The power divergences of regularized loop integrals are controlled by the low-energy kinematic variables. Simple diagrammatic rules are derived for the regularization of arbitrary one-loop graphs and the generalization to higher loops is discussed. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Lehmann, D (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave,M-S 12H2, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 016001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.016001 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000058 ER PT J AU Murayama, H Pierce, A AF Murayama, H Pierce, A TI Energy spectra of reactor neutrinos at KamLAND SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON FISSION-PRODUCTS AB The upcoming reactor neutrino experiment, KamLAND, has the ability to explore the large mixing angle solution to the solar neutrino problem. Here, we investigate the precision to which KamLAND should be able to measure these parameters, utilizing the distortion of the energy spectrum of reactor neutrinos. Incomplete knowledge of the fuel composition of the reactors will lead to some error on this measurement. We estimate the size of this effect. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 15 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 013012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.013012 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000015 ER PT J AU Wirstam, J AF Wirstam, J TI One-loop QCD corrections to the thermal Wilson line model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; FREE-ENERGY; TRANSITIONS; CONFINEMENT AB We calculate the time independent four-point function in high temperature (T) QCD and obtain the leading momentum dependent terms. Furthermore, we relate these derivative interactions to derivative terms in a recently proposed finite T effective action based on the SU(3) Wilson line and its trace, the Polyakov loop. By this procedure we thus obtain a perturbative matching at finite T between QCD and the effective model. In particular, we calculate the leading perturbative QCD correction to the kinetic term for the Polyakov loop. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wirstam, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 014020 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.014020 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509BT UT WOS:000173125000035 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Izrailev, FM Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Izrailev, FM Tsifrinovich, VI TI Avoiding quantum chaos in quantum computation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BORDER AB We study a one-dimensional chain of nuclear 1/2 spins in an external time-dependent magnetic field, considered as a possible candidate for experimental realization of quantum computation, According to the general theory of interacting particles, one of the most dangerous effects is quantum chaos that can destroy the stability of quantum operations. The standard viewpoint is that the threshold for the onset of quantum chaos due to an interaction between spins (qubits) strongly decreases with an increase of the number of qubits. Contrary to this opinion, we show that the presence of a nonhomogeneous magnetic field can strongly reduce quantum chaos effects. We give analytical estimates that explain this, effect, together with numerical data supporting our analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-2512 Brescia, Italy. INFM, Unita Brescia, Brescia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, Pavia, Italy. Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Fis, Puebla 72570, Mexico. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Metrotech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI borgonovi, fausto/0000-0002-9730-1189 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 015204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.015204 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YB UT WOS:000173407500007 ER PT J AU Faussurier, G Wilson, BG Chen, MH AF Faussurier, G Wilson, BG Chen, MH TI Generalization of super-transition-array methods to hot dense plasmas by using optimum independent particle reference systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The computation of superconfiguration partition functions relies upon independent electron statistics, with electron-electron contributions included as an average first-order correction factor. The decomposition into a first-order correction and reference independent electron system has degrees of freedom not exploited by current methods. We present a derivation for the conventional choice of decomposition and propose a different method for obtaining an optimal decomposition for each superconfiguration. This constitutes an alternative procedure to recomputing self-consistent fields for the refinement of superconfiguration partition functions. Numerical results are presented and discussed. C1 CEA, DAM Ile De France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP CEA, DAM Ile De France, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, Boite Postale 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 016403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.016403 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YB UT WOS:000173407500068 PM 11800786 ER PT J AU Heifets, S Zolotorev, M AF Heifets, S Zolotorev, M TI Quantum theory of optical stochastic cooling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER AB Quantum theory of optical stochastic cooling is presented. Results include a full quantum analysis of the interaction of the beam with radiation in the undulators and in the quantum amplifier. A density matrix of the whole system is constructed and the cooling rate is evaluated. It is shown that quantum fluctuations change classical results of stochastic cooling at low bunch population and set a limit on the cooling rate. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA. RP Heifets, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 016507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.016507 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YB UT WOS:000173407500086 ER PT J AU Kandrup, HE Sideris, IV Bohn, CL AF Kandrup, HE Sideris, IV Bohn, CL TI Chaos, ergodicity, and the thermodynamics of lower-dimensional time-independent Hamiltonian systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; ORBITS AB This paper uses the assumptions of ergodicity and a microcanonical distribution to compute estimates of the largest Lyapunov exponents in lower-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, That the resulting estimates are in reasonable agreement with the actual values computed numerically corroborated; the intuition that chaos in such systems can be understood as arising generically from a parametric instability and that this instability may be modeled by a stochastic-oscillator equation [cf. Casetti, Clementi, and Pettini, Phys. Re. E 54 5969 (19961)]. linearized perturbations of a chaotic orbit satisfying a harmonic-oscillator equation,kith a randomly varying frequency. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kandrup, HE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM kandrup@astro.ufl.edu; sideris@astro.ufl.edu; clbohn@fnal.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 016214 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.016214 PN 2 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YB UT WOS:000173407500057 ER PT J AU Kevrekidis, PG Malomed, BA Bishop, AR Frantzeskakis, DJ AF Kevrekidis, PG Malomed, BA Bishop, AR Frantzeskakis, DJ TI Localized vortices with a semi-integer charge in nonlinear dynamical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; OSCILLATORY INSTABILITIES; DISCRETE SOLITONS; VORTEX SOLITONS; FIBER ARRAYS; BREATHERS; STABILITY; MODES AB The topological charge S of vortexlike configurations in two-dimensional (2D) dynamical lattices need not necessarily be integer, nor is it a dynamical invariant. Accordingly, we demonstrate that the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger (DNLS) equation in 2D has stationary solutions in the form of a vortex with S=1/2, which does not exist in the model's continuum counterpart. Analysis of the DNLS equation linearized about the vortex shows that it is stable except for, possibly, extremely weak instabilities (at the level of numerical precision). Direct simulations of the full DNLS model in 2D show that the S=1/2 vortex soliton is a stable oscillating solution, This behavior of classical dynamical lattices is in contrast with a recently reported result by Clay et al. [Phys. Rev. Leu. 86, 4085 (2001)], according to which fractional charges in quantum lattices are subject to dynamical rearrangement into integer charges, We also consider S=1 discrete vortices that may be built as a pair of S=1/2 ones. These are different from the cross-shaped S=1 vortices that were recently found in the same 2D model. The S=1 vortices found in this work have larger energy and a slightly smaller stability range. We also find an analog of the S=1/2 vortices in the ID DNLS model, which also turns out to be a stable oscillating soliton, different from the twisted localized modes recently found in the 1D model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Interdisciplinary Studies, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Athens Panepistimiopolis, Dept Phys, Athens 15784, Greece. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 016605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.016605 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YB UT WOS:000173407500091 ER PT J AU Kevrekidis, PG Bishop, AR Rasmussen, KO AF Kevrekidis, PG Bishop, AR Rasmussen, KO TI Hysteresis and metastability in the quenched turbulent dynamics of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SPIRAL WAVES; PATTERNS; MEDIA AB We consider the quenched dynamics of the two-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in its turbulent regime. We initialize the system in a frustrated state and observe how frustration affects the evolution towards the turbulent state. This process is performed for parameter values where. for random initial conditions, the system evolves into the turbulent state. We observe that the glassiness of the initial condition can inhibit the occurrence of the absolute instability close to the critical point for that instability in parameter,pace, Sufficiently far from the critical point, the turbulent state will develop, but only after spending considerable time in a transient metastable state of fixed vortex density. The parameter distance from the critical point is found to scale as an exponential of a power of the lifetime of the metastable state, and with a power exponent depending on the "depth" of the original quench. The limiting regimes of shallow and deep quench are identified by their respective values of the exponent, and the distinct mechanisms leading to the relaxation to turbulence in each case are highlighted. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kevrekidis, PG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 016122 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.016122 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YB UT WOS:000173407500033 ER PT J AU Koch, JA Key, MH Freeman, RR Hatchett, SP Lee, RW Pennington, D Stephens, RB Tabak, M AF Koch, JA Key, MH Freeman, RR Hatchett, SP Lee, RW Pennington, D Stephens, RB Tabak, M TI Experimental measurements of deep directional columnar heating by, laser-generated relativistic electrons at near-solid density SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; IN-CELL SIMULATION; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; OVERDENSE PLASMAS; PLASTIC TARGETS; HOT-ELECTRONS; HIGH-ENERGY; PULSES; TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE AB In our experiments, we irradiated solid CH targets with a 400 J, 5 ps, 3 x 10(19) W/cm(2) laser, and we used x-ray imaging and spectroscopic diagnostics to monitor the keV x-ray emission front thin Al or Au tracer layers buried within the targets. The experiments ere designed to quantify the spatial distribution of the thermal electron temperature and density as a function of buried la)er depths these data provide insights into the behavior of relativistic electron currents which flow within the solid target and are directly and indirectly responsible for the heating. We measured similar to200-350 eV temperatures and near-solid densities at depths ranging from 5 to 100 mum beneath the target surface. Time-resolved x-ray spectra from Al tracer,, indicate that the tracers emit thermal x rays and cool slowly compared to the time scale of the laser pulse, Most intriguingly. we consistently observe annular x-ray images in all buried tracer-layer experiments, and these data show, that the temperature distribution is columnar, with enhanced heating along the edges of the column. The ring diameters are much greater than the laser focal spot diameter and do not vary significantly with the depth of the tracer layer for depths greater than 30 mum, The local temperatures are 200-350 eV for all tracer depths. We discuss recent simulations of the evolution of electron currents deep within solid targets irradiated by ultra-high-intensity lasers, and we discuss how modeling and analytical results suggest that the annular patterns we observe may be related to locally strong growth of the Weibel instability. We also suggest avenues for future research in order to further illuminate the complex physics of relativistic electron transport and energy deposition inside ultra-high-intensity laser-irradiated solid targets. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Koch, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 016410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.016410 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YB UT WOS:000173407500075 PM 11800793 ER PT J AU Pavlenko, N Evans, JW Liu, DJ Imbihl, R AF Pavlenko, N Evans, JW Liu, DJ Imbihl, R TI Catalytic CO oxidation on nanoscale Pt facets: Effect of interfacet CO diffusion on bifurcation and fluctuation behavior SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-REACTION MODEL; PHASE; TRANSITIONS; KINETICS; OXYGEN AB We present lattice-gas modeling of the steady-state behavior in CO oxidation on the facets of nanoscale metal clusters, with coupling via interfacet CO diffusion. The model incorporates the key aspects of the reaction process, such as rapid CO mobility within each facet and strong nearest-neighbor repulsion between adsorbed O. The former justifies our use of a "hybrid-simulation approach treating the CO coverage as a mean-field parameter. For an isolated facet, there is one bistable region A here the system can exist in either a reactive state (with high oxygen coverage) or a (nearly CO-poisoned) inactive state. Diffusion between two facets is shown to induce complex multistability, in the steady states of the system. The bifurcation diagram exhibits two regions with bistabilities due to the difference between adsorption properties of the facets We explore the role of enhanced fluctuations in the proximity of a cusp bifurcation point associated with one facet in producing transitions between stable states on that facet, as well as their influence on fluctuations on the other facet. The results are expected to shed more light on the reaction kinetics for supported catalysts. C1 Univ Hannover, Inst Phys Chem & Elektrochem, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pavlenko, N (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Inst Theoret Phys T34, James Franck St, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RI Pavlenko, Natalia/C-1384-2011 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 016121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.016121 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YB UT WOS:000173407500032 PM 11800750 ER PT J AU Toroczkai, ZN AF Toroczkai, ZN TI Topological classification of binary trees using the Horton-Strahler index SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB The Horton-Strahler (HS) index r = max(i,j) + delta(ij) has been shown to be relevant to a number of physical (such as diffusion limited aggregation) geological (river networks), biological (pulmonary arteries, blood vessels, various species of trees), and computational (use of registers) applications. Here we revisit the enumeration problem of the HS index on the rooted, unlabeled, plane binary set of trees, and enumerate the same index on the ambilateral set of rooted, plane binary set of trees of n leaves. The ambilateral set is a set of trees whose elements cannot be obtained from each other via an arbitrary number of reflections with respect to vertical axes passing through any of the nodes on the tree. For the unlabeled set we give an alternate derivation to the existing exact solution. Extending this technique for the ambilateral set, which is described by an infinite series of nonlinear functional equations, we are able to give a double exponentially converging approximant to the generating functions in a neighborhood of their convergence circle, and derive an explicit asymptotic form for the number of such trees. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Toroczkai, ZN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 016130 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.016130 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YB UT WOS:000173407500041 PM 11800759 ER PT J AU Xiao, LL Gai, W Sun, X AF Xiao, LL Gai, W Sun, X TI Field analysis of a dielectric-loaded rectangular waveguide accelerating structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LINED WAVE-GUIDE; WAKE FIELDS AB Recently, there has been some interest in planar or rectangular dielectric accelerating structures for future high-gradient linear accelerators. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the modes of a dielectric-loaded rectangular waveguide accelerating structure based on a circuit model approximation and mode matching method. In general, the acceleration field in a synchronous acceleration mode is nonuniform in the two transverse dimensions. We show, however, that by using a series of rectangular structures successively rotated by 90degrees, the net accelerating force can be made almost uniform. Characteristic parameters such as R/Q, group velocity, and attenuation constant for X- and W-band accelerators are calculated. The longitudinal wakefields experienced by a relativistic charged particle beam in these structures are also presented. These analytical results are also compared with numerical calculations using the MAFIA code suite demonstrating the validity of our analytic approach. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xiao, LL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 016505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.016505 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 513YB UT WOS:000173407500084 ER PT J AU Anderson, SG Rosenzweig, JB LeSage, GP Crane, JK AF Anderson, SG Rosenzweig, JB LeSage, GP Crane, JK TI Space-charge effects in high brightness electron beam emittance measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID UCLA RF PHOTOINJECTOR; INITIAL MEASUREMENTS; COMPENSATION AB The measurement of emittance in space-charge dominated, high brightness beam systems is investigated from conceptual, computational, and experimental viewpoints. As the self-field-induced collective motion in the low energy, high brightness beams emitted from photoinjector rf guns are more important in determining the macroscopic beam evolution than thermal spreads in transverse velocity; traditional methods for phase space diagnosis fail in these systems. We discuss the role of space charge forces in a traditional measurement of transverse emittance, the quadrupole scan. The mitigation of these effects by use of multislit- or pepper-pot-based techniques is explained. The results of a direct experimental comparison between quadrupole scanning and slit-based determination of the emittance of a 5 MeV high brightness electron beam are presented. These data are interpreted with the aid of both envelope and multiparticle simulation codes. It is shown that the ratio of the beam's beta function to its transverse plasma wavelength plays a central role in the quadrupole scan results. Methods of determining the presence of systematic errors in quadrupole scan data are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Anderson, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 24 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JAN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 AR 014201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.014201 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 518GQ UT WOS:000173659000003 ER PT J AU Lee, S Katsouleas, T Muggli, P Mori, WB Joshi, C Hemker, R Dodd, ES Clayton, CE Marsh, KA Blue, B Wang, S Assmann, R Decker, FJ Hogan, M Iverson, R Walz, D AF Lee, S Katsouleas, T Muggli, P Mori, WB Joshi, C Hemker, R Dodd, ES Clayton, CE Marsh, KA Blue, B Wang, S Assmann, R Decker, FJ Hogan, M Iverson, R Walz, D TI Energy doubler for a linear collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; PARTICLE PHYSICS; DYNAMICS AB The concept of using short plasma sections several meters in length to double the energy of a linear collider just before the collision point is proposed and modeled. In this scenario the beams from each side of a linear collider are split into pairs of microbunches with the first driving a plasma wake that accelerates the second. The luminosity of the doubled collider is maintained by employing plasma lenses to reduce the spot size before collision. C1 Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Assmann, Ralph/L-8457-2016 NR 17 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JAN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 AR 011001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.011001 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 518GQ UT WOS:000173659000002 ER PT J AU Safranek, J Limborg, C Terebilo, A Blomqvist, KI Elleaume, P Nosochkov, Y AF Safranek, J Limborg, C Terebilo, A Blomqvist, KI Elleaume, P Nosochkov, Y TI Nonlinear dynamics in a SPEAR wiggler SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB BL11, the most recently installed wiggler in the SPEAR storage ring at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, produces a large nonlinear perturbation of the electron beam dynamics, which was not directly evident in the integrated magnetic field measurements. Measurements of tune shifts with betatron oscillation amplitude and closed orbit shifts were used to characterize the nonlinear fields. Because of the narrow pole width in BL11, the nonlinear fields seen along the wiggling electron trajectory are dramatically different from the magnetic measurements made along a straight line with a stretched wire. This difference explains the tune shift measurements and the observed degradation in dynamic aperture. Because of the relatively large dispersion (1.2 m) at BL11, the nonlinearities particularly reduced the off-energy dynamic aperture. Because of the nature of these nonlinear fields, it is impossible, even theoretically, to cancel them completely with short multipole correctors. Magic finger corrector magnets were built, however, that partially correct the nonlinear perturbation, greatly improving the storage ring performance. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Danfys AS, Jyllinge, Denmark. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Safranek, J (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 5 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JAN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 AR 010701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.010701 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 518GQ UT WOS:000173659000001 ER PT J AU Behrend, D Haas, R Pino, D Gradinarsky, LP Keihm, SJ Schwarz, W Cucurull, L Rius, A AF Behrend, D Haas, R Pino, D Gradinarsky, LP Keihm, SJ Schwarz, W Cucurull, L Rius, A TI MM5 derived ZWDs compared to observational results from VLBI, GPS and WVR SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; MESOSCALE MODEL; DELAY AB Modelled values of zenith wet delay (ZWD) from the non-hydrostatic numerical weather prediction (NWP) model MM5 are compared to estimated values retrieved from observations by geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), global positioning system (GPS) receivers, and water vapour radiometers (WVRs). In addition, sparse radiosonde (RS) data are used to augment the available data sets. The comparison is done for three stations of the European geodetic VLBI network for six observing sessions during the year 1999. The stations (Madrid, Onsala, and Wettzell) were primarily chosen to have the maximum number of collocated measuring techniques. In general, the time series for the different techniques show a good agreement. The correlation values between the techniques amount to 75-95%. The RMS differences of MM5 with respect to the other techniques obtain values of +/-1.3-1.6 cm. The bias between MM5 and VLBI lies at about 1.0 cm, the bias between MM5 and GPS varies in the range of 0.0-0.6 cm and appears to be station dependent. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Res Unit, IEEC, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Chalmers Univ Technol, Onsala Space Observ, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Fundamentalstn Wettzell, Bundesanstalt Kartog & Geodasie, Kotzting, Germany. RP Behrend, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd Ms 21, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Haas, Rudiger/G-1286-2010; Pino, David/F-7940-2014; Antonio, Rius/A-4873-2012; Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 OI Haas, Rudiger/0000-0003-2681-9228; Pino, David/0000-0002-4512-0175; Antonio, Rius/0000-0002-5947-2649; NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1474-7065 J9 PHYS CHEM EARTH JI Phys. Chem. Earth PY 2002 VL 27 IS 4-5 BP 301 EP 308 AR PII S1474-7065(02)00004-9 DI 10.1016/S1474-7065(02)00004-9 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 571GR UT WOS:000176710100003 ER PT S AU Klem, JF Serkland, DK Geib, KM AF Klem, JF Serkland, DK Geib, KM BE Blood, P Osinski, M Arakawa, Y TI Advances in 1300-nm InGaAsN quantum well VCSELs SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices X CY JAN 21-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; InGaAsN ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; 1.3-MU-M; LASER AB Improvements in the performance of InGaAsN quantum well VCSELs operating near 1300 nn are reported. The effects of alloy composition on the photoluminescence intensity, linewidth, and anneal-induced wavelength blueshift of molecular beam epitaxial InGaAsN quantum wells are detailed. VCSELs employing a conventional p-n diode structure are demonstrated and compared to devices using two n-type DBR mirrors and an internal tunnel diode. Room-temperature differential efficiencies as high as 0.24 W/A, output powers of 2.1 mW, and a maximum CW operating temperature as high as 105degreesC have all been demonstrated in these devices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Klem, JF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4385-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4646 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1117/12.470509 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU90D UT WOS:000177343700015 ER PT J AU Chernyshov, AS Filippov, DA Ilyn, MI Levitin, RZ Pecharskaya, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Snegirev, VV Tishin, AM AF Chernyshov, AS Filippov, DA Ilyn, MI Levitin, RZ Pecharskaya, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Snegirev, VV Tishin, AM TI Magnetic, magnetothermal, and magnetoelastic properties of Gd-5(Si1.95Ge2.05) near the magnetostructural phase transition SO PHYSICS OF METALS AND METALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euro-Asian Symposium on Trends in Magnetism CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2001 CL EKATERINBURG, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys ID HEAT-CAPACITY; GD-5(SI2GE2) AB The Gd-5(SixGe4-x) System with 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 2.1 undergoes a magnetostructural phase transition, which can be triggered by a magnetic field above Curie temperature. During the transition, colossal magnetostrictive. giant magnetocaloric, and giant magnetoresistance effects are observed. Experimental studies of the Gd-5(Si1.95Ge2.05) composition using magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, magnetostriction, linear thermal expansion, heat capacity, and direct magnetocaloric effect measurements confirm that both the structural and magnetic phase changes occur simultaneously at 262 K in a zero magnetic field. The magnetocaloric effect values in a low magnetic field (14 kOe) calculated from the heat capacity and measured directly are in reasonable agreement in the high temperature region (above 262 K). Below Curie temperature, the direct measurements show a negative magnetocaloric effect, which is unexpected for a ferromagnetic system and likely originates from a complex metastable process of magnetization, leading to an increase in the entropy of the sample in a low magnetic field. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119889, Vorobevy Gory, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119889, Vorobevy Gory, Russia. RI Ilyn, Maxim/E-7604-2012; Tishin, Alexander/E-8705-2014 OI Ilyn, Maxim/0000-0002-4052-7275; Tishin, Alexander/0000-0003-2252-7279 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0031-918X EI 1555-6190 J9 PHYS MET METALLOGR+ JI Phys. Metals Metallogr. PY 2002 VL 93 SU 1 BP S19 EP S23 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565NV UT WOS:000176377100005 ER PT J AU Garcia, L Carreras, BA Lynch, VE AF Garcia, L Carreras, BA Lynch, VE TI Resistive pressure-gradient-driven instabilities in the transition regime to fully developed turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ALCATOR-C-MOD; TOKAMAKS; CONFINEMENT; EQUATIONS; GEOMETRY; DYNAMICS; EDGE AB Numerical calculations of resistive pressure-gradient-driven turbulence in toroidal geometry for tokamak plasma edge parameters have been carried out in the unstable regime below the threshold for fully developed turbulence. This threshold is at a beta value of about three times the linear stability threshold. In this regime, the toroidal mode number spectrum in the stationary state is dominated by a single toroidal mode. The dominant mode may intermittently fluctuate among a narrow range of possible values. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garcia, L (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain. RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012; Garcia, Luis/A-5344-2015 OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636; Garcia, Luis/0000-0002-0492-7466 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1063/1.1430252 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 503EN UT WOS:000172785900007 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR Krstic, PS AF Schultz, DR Krstic, PS TI Transport cross sections relevant to cool hydrogen plasmas bounded by graphite SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING; SLOW COLLISIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; IONS; IMPACT; ATOMS; H+ AB Atomic collision quantities relevant to transport in hydrogen plasmas bounded by graphite walls are considered. Fully quantal, ab initio calculations of the differential and integral elastic scattering cross sections for H+, D+, and T+ colliding with C at center of mass energies between 0.1 and 200 eV are described. The computed elastic cross section and its transport moments, the momentum transfer, and viscosity cross sections, are compared with those from a simple analytical model (the Massey-Mohr approximation) and with a three-body classical scattering approach in order to extend the data to higher collision energies. For energies typical of the edge plasma, the elastic scattering cross section is found to be as much as 10 times larger than that estimated from the widely used analytical approximation. The highly accurate quantal results are also tabulated and made available to the plasma science community through the world wide web. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1063/1.1419056 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 503EN UT WOS:000172785900009 ER PT J AU del-Castillo-Negrete, D Carreras, BA AF del-Castillo-Negrete, D Carreras, BA TI Stratified shear flows in a model of turbulence-shear flow interaction SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT-DRIVEN TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; GENERATION; DYNAMICS AB In magnetically confined plasmas there is evidence of localized regions of improved confinement. These regions are usually associated with shear flows with radial structure, and an important problem is to understand how such flows emerge. To address this problem a reaction-diffusion type model of turbulence-shear flow interaction that incorporates the mechanism of turbulence suppression by shear, and parameterizes turbulent transport as a nonlinear diffusivity is considered. The fixed points of the model correspond to the L (low confinement) and H (high confinement) modes of the system, and it is shown that for a range of parameter values the H-mode fixed point has a finite-k instability. Numerical results show that this instability leads, in the nonlinear regime, to the formation of stratified shear layers and jets in which bands of intense shear and suppressed turbulence alternate with bands of low shear and enhanced turbulence. Approximate analytical solutions of the model corresponding to high-confinement modes with radial structure are presented. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP del-Castillo-Negrete, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1063/1.1421076 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 503EN UT WOS:000172785900015 ER PT J AU Petty, CC Wade, MR Kinsey, JE Baker, DR Luce, TC AF Petty, CC Wade, MR Kinsey, JE Baker, DR Luce, TC TI Effect of rotation on H-mode transport in DIII-D via changes in the ExB velocity shear SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID IMPURITY TRANSPORT; HELIUM TRANSPORT; CURRENT PROFILES; ION-TRANSPORT; CONFINEMENT; TOKAMAK; TURBULENCE; ELECTRON; PLASMA; DISCHARGES AB The effect of rotation on the heat and particle transport is measured in the DIII-D tokamak [Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] for high-confinement mode (H-mode) plasmas with edge localized modes. In a novel experiment, transport is compared for nearly identical scans of the relative gyroradius in co- and counter-rotating plasmas. Since the plasma profiles are the same, the difference in the transport scaling can be attributed to changes in the sheared ExB flow caused by the shift in the toroidal plasma velocity. The ion heat and particle transport are found to be sensitive to the change in the rotation direction and magnitude whereas the electron heat transport is not. Simulations using a gyroLandau-fluid drift wave transport model show that the variation in the ion heat transport for co/counter rotation is due to changes in the ExB shear stabilization, but the electrons appear to be governed by a different transport mechanism. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Petty, CC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.1063/1.1421077 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 503EN UT WOS:000172785900016 ER PT J AU Taylor, G Efthimion, PC Jones, B LeBlanc, BP Maingi, R AF Taylor, G Efthimion, PC Jones, B LeBlanc, BP Maingi, R TI Enhancement of mode-converted electron bernstein wave emission during national spherical torus experiment H-mode plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID W7-AS STELLARATOR; TOKAMAK AB A sudden, threefold increase in emission from fundamental electrostatic electron Bernstein waves (EBW) which mode convert and tunnel to the electromagnetic X-mode has been observed during high energy and particle confinement (H-mode) transitions in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) plasma [M. Ono, S. Kaye, M. Peng , in Proceedings of the 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 1999), Vol. 3, p. 1135]. The mode-converted EBW emission viewed normal to the magnetic field on the plasma midplane increases when the density profile steepens in the vicinity of the mode conversion layer, which is located in the plasma scrape off. The measured conversion efficiency during the H-mode is consistent with the calculated EBW to X-mode conversion efficiency derived using edge density data. Calculations indicate that there may also be a small residual contribution to the measured X-mode electromagnetic radiation from polarization-scrambled, O-mode emission, converted from EBWs. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Taylor, G (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1063/1.1423336 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 503EN UT WOS:000172785900020 ER PT J AU Ross, DW Bravenec, RV Dorland, W Beer, MA Hammett, GW McKee, GR Fonck, RJ Murakami, M Burrell, KH Jackson, GL Staebler, GM AF Ross, DW Bravenec, RV Dorland, W Beer, MA Hammett, GW McKee, GR Fonck, RJ Murakami, M Burrell, KH Jackson, GL Staebler, GM TI Comparing simulation of plasma turbulence with experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT DEVICES; GRADIENT DRIVEN TURBULENCE; TEXAS-EXPERIMENTAL-TOKAMAK; FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS; CORE TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; SUPPRESSION; MODELS; SHEAR AB The direct quantitative correspondence between theoretical predictions and the measured plasma fluctuations and transport is tested by performing nonlinear gyro-Landau-fluid simulations with the GRYFFIN (or ITG) code [W. Dorland and G. W. Hammett, Phys. Fluids B 5, 812 (1993); M. A. Beer and G. W. Hammett, Phys. Plasmas 3, 4046 (1996)]. In an L-mode reference discharge in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon and L. G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)], which has relatively large fluctuations and transport, the turbulence is dominated by ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. Trapped electron modes and impurity drift waves also play a role. Density fluctuations are measured by beam emission spectroscopy [R. J. Fonck, P. A. Duperrex, and S. F. Paul, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 3487 (1990)]. Experimental fluxes and corresponding diffusivities are analyzed by the TRANSP code [R. J. Hawryluk, in Physics of Plasmas Close to Thermonuclear Conditions, edited by B. Coppi, G. G. Leotta, D. Pfirsch, R. Pozzoli, and E. Sindoni (Pergamon, Oxford, 1980), Vol. 1, p. 19]. The shape of the simulated wave number spectrum is close to the measured one. The simulated ion thermal transport, corrected for ExB low shear, exceeds the experimental value by a factor of 1.5 to 2.0. The simulation overestimates the density fluctuation level by an even larger factor. On the other hand, the simulation underestimates the electron thermal transport, which may be accounted for by modes that are not accessible to the simulation or to the BES measurement. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ross, DW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Robert Lee Moore Hall, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011; Dorland, William/B-4403-2009 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647; Dorland, William/0000-0003-2915-724X NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1063/1.1424925 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 503EN UT WOS:000172785900022 ER PT J AU Guo, HY Hoffman, AL Brooks, RD Peter, AM Pietrzyk, ZA Tobin, SJ Votroubek, GR AF Guo, HY Hoffman, AL Brooks, RD Peter, AM Pietrzyk, ZA Tobin, SJ Votroubek, GR TI Formation and steady-state maintenance of field reversed configuration using rotating magnetic field current drive SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ROTAMAK DISCHARGES; GENERATION; DEVICE AB Rotating magnetic fields (RMF) have been used to both form and maintain field reversed configurations (FRC) in quasisteady state. These experiments differ from steady-state rotamaks in that the FRCs are similar to those formed in theta-pinch devices, that is elongated and confined inside a flux conserver. The RMF creates an FRC by driving an azimuthal current which reverses an initial positive bias field. The FRC then expands radially, compressing the initial axial bias flux and raising the plasma density, until a balance is reached between the RMF drive force and the electron-ion friction. This generally results in a very high ratio of separatrix to flux conserver radius. The achievable final conditions are compared with simple analytic models to estimate the effective plasma resistivity. The RMF torque on the electrons is quickly transferred to the ions, but ion spin-up is limited in these low density experiments, presumably by ion-neutral friction, and does not influence the basic current drive process. However, the ion rotation can result in a rotating n=2 distortion if the separatrix radius is too far removed from the plasma tube wall. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Guo, HY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Redmond Plasma Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 22 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 185 EP 200 DI 10.1063/1.1426102 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 503EN UT WOS:000172785900023 ER PT J AU Cohen, BI Dimits, AM Nevins, WM Chen, Y Parker, S AF Cohen, BI Dimits, AM Nevins, WM Chen, Y Parker, S TI Kinetic electron closures for electromagnetic simulation of drift and shear-Alfven waves. I. SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID GYROKINETIC PARTICLE SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; PLASMAS AB The electromagnetic hybrid scheme of Chen and Parker (fluid electrons and gyrokinetic ions) [Phys. Plasmas 8, 441 (2001)] is extended to include a kinetic electron closure valid for beta (e)>m(e)/m(i) (beta (e) is the ratio of the plasma electron pressure to the magnetic field energy density). The new schemes incorporate partially linearized (deltaf ) drift-kinetic electrons whose pressure and number density moments are used to close the fluid momentum equation for the electron fluid (Ohm's law) using the departure of the perturbed deltaf kinetic pressure from the isothermal perturbed pressure response. Comparisons are made between the results of the hybrid schemes with kinetic electron closure and a conventional deltaf algorithm for drift-kinetic electrons and gyrokinetic ions in a two-dimensional slab model. The test cases used are small-amplitude kinetic shear-Alfven waves with electron Landau damping, the ion-temperature-gradient instability, and the collisionless drift instability (universal mode) in an unsheared slab as a function of the plasma beta (e). The hybrid schemes have the desirable properties that they do not require that the mesh size perpendicular to the applied magnetic field be smaller than the collisionless skin depth c/omega (pe) and naturally accommodate zonal flow physics (radial modes) with nonadiabatic electron effects. The most successful of the new algorithms introduced gives very good results for beta (e)>m(e)/m(i). (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cohen, BI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1063/1.1428759 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 503EN UT WOS:000172785900029 ER PT J AU Davidson, RC Lee, WW Qin, H Startsev, E AF Davidson, RC Lee, WW Qin, H Startsev, E TI Implications of the electrostatic approximation in the beam frame on the nonlinear Vlasov-Maxwell equations for intense beam propagation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-PARTICLE BEAMS; PERIODIC FOCUSING FIELD; STABILITY THEOREM; EQUILIBRIUM AB This paper develops a clear procedure for solving the nonlinear Vlasov-Maxwell equations for a one-component intense charged particle beam or finite-length charge bunch propagating through a cylindrical conducting pipe (radius r=r(w)=const), and confined by an applied focusing force F-foc. In particular, the nonlinear Vlasov-Maxwell equations are Lorentz transformed to the beam frame ("primed" variables) moving with axial velocity V-b=beta (b)c=const relative to the laboratory. In the beam frame, the particle motions are nonrelativistic for the applications of practical interest, already a major simplification. Then, in the beam frame, the electrostatic approximation (E-s(')=-del (')phi ('), E(T)(')similar or equal to0 similar or equal toB(s)(')) is made, which fully incorporates beam space-charge effects, but neglects any fast electromagnetic processes with transverse polarization (e.g., light waves). The resulting Vlasov-Maxwell equations are then Lorentz transformed back to the laboratory frame, and properties of the self-generated fields and resulting nonlinear Vlasov-Maxwell equations in the laboratory frame are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Davidson, RC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1063/1.1427023 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 503EN UT WOS:000172785900039 ER PT J AU Liu, GK Zhuang, HZ Beitz, JV Williams, CW Vikhnin, VS AF Liu, GK Zhuang, HZ Beitz, JV Williams, CW Vikhnin, VS TI Structure and charge transfer dynamics of uranyl ions in boron oxide and borosilicate glasses SO PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Feofilov Workshop on Spectroscopy of Crystals Activated by Rare-Earch and Transition-Metal Ions CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL KAZAN, RUSSIA ID TRANSFER VIBRONIC EXCITONS; PEROVSKITE-LIKE FERROELECTRICS; POLAR MICRODOMAINS; MULLER PHASE; ORIGIN AB Laser spectroscopic experiments, molecular dynamics simulation, and charge transfer-lattice interaction modeling have been conducted for studying the electronic and structural properties of the uranyl ion UO22+ in boron oxide and borosilicate glasses. The charge transfer electronic and vibrational energy levels for uranyl ions in the glass matrices were obtained from laser excitation and fluorescence spectra of UO22+. A model structure for uranyl ions in the glass matrices was established using the method of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in comparison with the results of extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) for U6+ ions in the glasses we studied. The formation and stabilization of uranyl clusters in glass matrices are interpreted in terms of charge transfer-lattice interactions on the basis of self-consistent charge transfer accompanied by lattice distortion. The latter is in the framework of the simultaneous action of pseudo-Jahn-Teller and pseudo-Jahn-Teller analog effects on charge transfers between oxygen and uranium ions. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica". C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7834 J9 PHYS SOLID STATE+ JI Phys. Solid State PY 2002 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1433 EP 1439 DI 10.1134/1.1501332 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 582ZR UT WOS:000177381500004 ER PT J AU Colson, WB Johnson, ED Kelley, MJ Schwettman, HA AF Colson, WB Johnson, ED Kelley, MJ Schwettman, HA TI Putting free-electron lasers to work SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; DYNAMICS; BAND; ECHO C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Appl Res Program, Newport News, VA USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1063/1.1457263 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507BP UT WOS:000173007100013 ER PT J AU Domingo, J Karl, G AF Domingo, J Karl, G TI Nathan Isgur - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Domingo, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 69 EP 70 DI 10.1063/1.1457271 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507BP UT WOS:000173007100015 ER PT J AU Gordon, HA Kirk, TBW Samios, NP AF Gordon, HA Kirk, TBW Samios, NP TI Michael John Murtagh - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gordon, HA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 70 EP 71 DI 10.1063/1.1457272 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507BP UT WOS:000173007100016 ER PT J AU Weinberg, AM AF Weinberg, AM TI Sidney Siegel - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Weinberg, AM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 74 EP 75 DI 10.1063/1.1457276 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507BP UT WOS:000173007100020 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI Compromising peer review SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 555JH UT WOS:000175790600017 ER PT J AU Canfield, PC Bud'ko, SL AF Canfield, PC Bud'ko, SL TI Magnesium diboride: one year on SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article ID MGB2 THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; WIRES C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Canfield, PC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 555JH UT WOS:000175790600031 ER PT J AU Singleton, J Mielke, C AF Singleton, J Mielke, C TI Superconductors go organic SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 555JH UT WOS:000175790600032 ER PT J AU Penick, DN Congdon, J Spotila, JR Williams, JB AF Penick, DN Congdon, J Spotila, JR Williams, JB TI Microclimates and energetics of free-living box turtles, Terrapene carolina, in South Carolina SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; POPULATION; METABOLISM; ECTOTHERMY; REPTILES; SCRIPTA; ECOLOGY; ANIMALS; MODELS AB We measured microclimate, field metabolic rates (FMRs), water flux, and activity patterns of telemetered box turtles (Terrapene carolina) in South Carolina from September 1987 to October 1988. Turtles were inactive for most of the winter and were active only sporadically during the rest of the year. Using the doubly labeled water method, we found that water flux averaged 8.8, 18.9, and 26.4 mL kg(-1) d(-1) in winter, spring, and summer/fall, respectively. FMR for the same periods averaged 0.028, 0.065, and 0.124 mL CO2 g(-1) h(-1). Differences in FMR among seasons were significant but not between sexes. Using operative temperatures, we predicted standard and maximum metabolic rates of turtles. In winter, FMR was elevated above standard metabolic rates and close to maximum metabolic rates, whereas in spring and summer/fall, FMR fell midway between standard and maximum metabolic rates. We used a model to predict metabolic rates, geographical distribution, and potential reproductive output of box turtles across latitudes in eastern North America. Low FMR and low annual reproductive output may allow box turtles to survive and flourish in unpredictable resource environments by minimizing costs and risks, thereby maintaining greater lifetime reproductive success. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Drexel Univ, Sch Environm Sci Engn & Policy, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Williams, JB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 75 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1086/339219 PG 9 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 530NB UT WOS:000174362800007 PM 11880978 ER PT J AU Brown, P Campbell, MD Hawkes, RL Theijsmeijer, C Jones, J AF Brown, P Campbell, MD Hawkes, RL Theijsmeijer, C Jones, J TI Multi-station electro-optical observations of the 1999 Leonid meteor storm SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE meteors; meteor shower; Leonids; meteor storm; electro-optical observations ID SHOWER AB Single- and double-station video observations of the 1999 Leonid shower made from Israel are presented, A total of 232 double-station Leonids had trajectories computed. Additionally, some 2500 single-station Leonids were used to measure the Leonid storm flux and mass distribution in the interval from 0.5-3 UT 18 November 1999. The height distribution for storm Leonids of average mass 10(-6)-10(-7) kg indicates that the ablation zone is approximately Gaussian-shaped with best-fit mean begin, maximum brightness and end heights of 123.3 +/- 0.7, 107.3 +/- 0.42 and 95.0 +/- 0.56 km respectively. The peak flux at the time of the storm was found to be 0.81 +/- 0.06 meteoroids km(-2) h(-1) Mv < +6.5. using 15 min binning and 0.99 +/- 0.11 meteoroids km(-2) hr(-1) Mv < +6.5 for 3 min intervals. The smaller temporal resolution reveals a broad plateau in flux lasting from approximately lambda(0) = 235.276-235.285degrees (J2000.0). At least one significant feature in the rate curve is apparent near 235.272degrees which we suggest is associated with material released in 1932. The video mass distribution index over the course of the Leonid storm was found to be constant near s = 1.75. The peak time of the storm estimated from 15 min sampling of the flux profile is near 235.283 +/- 0.005degrees (1h58m +/- 7m) while 3 min resolution data place the maximum at 235.281 +/- 0.003degrees (1h55m +/- 4m). The mean radiant position at the time of the storm was found to be alpha = 153.1 +/- 0.1degrees and delta = 21.5 +/- 0.2degrees (J2000), with some hint of a more compact radiant grouping within the range alpha = 153-154degrees and delta = 21-22degrees. We do not find evidence for any significant high altitude Leonid population at video masses despite biasing one camera pair to an intersection altitude of 160 km. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, EESD, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Mt Allison Univ, Dept Phys, Sackville, NB E4L 1E6, Canada. RP Brown, P (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 AR PII S0032-0633(01)00112-X DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(01)00112-X PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 533WJ UT WOS:000174553000006 ER PT J AU Mattioli, M Fournier, KB Puiatti, ME Valisa, M Carraro, L Coffey, I O'Mullane, M Sattin, F Scarin, P AF Mattioli, M Fournier, KB Puiatti, ME Valisa, M Carraro, L Coffey, I O'Mullane, M Sattin, F Scarin, P TI Experimental and simulated VUV spectra from the JET tokamak and the reversed field pinch RFX SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS; IONS; HYDROGEN; SPECTROMETER; RADIATION AB Experimental VUV spectra from the JET tokamak and from the reversed field pinch RFX have been simulated. For the former device both n = 2 to n = 2 L-shell Ar and Ne spectra (respectively, in the 14.5-43.0 and in the 35.0-80.0 nm ranges) were considered, whereas for RFX only the Ne spectrum was available. The spectra have been observed with the SPRED spectrometer. From the simulation of the spectra, relative sensitivity curves have been obtained for each instrument in the ranges of the simulation. For RFX only, it has been possible to extend this curve from similar to13.0 to similar to105 nm, by simulating intrinsic C and O emissions. The photon emission coefficients of the lines with wavelengths in the ranges of the experimental spectra were obtained from collisional-radiative models. For Ar and Ne these coefficients have been calculated by the Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Codes atomic physics codes, whereas for C and O the corresponding coefficients have been taken from the 'Atomic Data and Analysis Structure' database. Impurity modelling is performed using a one-dimensional impurity transport code, calculating for each atomic species the radial distribution of the impurity ions. The line brightnesses are evaluated in a post-processing subroutine and the simulations of the spectra are obtained. The spectral simulations (including impurity ion transport) give confidence in the atomic physics calculations, and allow the determination of the transport coefficients in the plasma regions from which the considered ionization states emit. Finally, the obtained relative sensitivity curves of the two SPRED spectrometers have been compared with the calibrations performed by means of the branching ratio technique. C1 ENEA Fus, Assoc Euratom, Padua, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. RP Mattioli, M (reprint author), ENEA Fus, Assoc Euratom, Consorzio RFX, Padua, Italy. RI Sattin, Fabio/B-5620-2013 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JAN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 33 EP 50 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/1/304 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 520NK UT WOS:000173787800005 ER PT S AU Durham, WB Weidner, DJ Karato, SI Wang, YB AF Durham, WB Weidner, DJ Karato, SI Wang, YB BE Karato, S Wenk, HR TI New developments in deformation experiments at high pressure SO PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF MINERALS AND ROCKS SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review CT Conference on Plastic Deformation of Minerals and Rocks CY DEC 04-05, 2002 CL BERKELEY, CA SP Mineralog Soc Amer ID DEEP-FOCUS EARTHQUAKES; MANTLE TRANSITION ZONE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPARATUS; MOLTEN-SALT CELL; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; EARTHS MANTLE; CONFINING PRESSURES; STRESS MEASUREMENT; DEVIATORIC STRESS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Kline Geol Lab 319, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Studies, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 114 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-63-4 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2002 VL 51 BP 21 EP 49 DI 10.2138/gsrmg.51.1.21 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW63R UT WOS:000182659400002 ER PT S AU Jellison, GE Griffiths, CO Holcomb, DE Rouleau, CM AF Jellison, GE Griffiths, CO Holcomb, DE Rouleau, CM BE Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB TI Characterization of linear diattenuator and retarders using a two-modulator generalized ellipsometer (2-MGE) SO POLARIZATION MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Measurement, Analysis, and Applications V CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci & Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID OPTICAL FUNCTIONS AB The two-modulator generalized ellipsometer (2-MGE) is a spectroscopic polarization-sensitive optical instrument that is sensitive to both standard ellipsometric parameters from isotropic samples as well as cross polarization terms arising from anisotropic samples. In reflection mode, the 2-MGE has been used to measure the complex dielectric functions of several uniaxial crystals, including TiO2, ZnO, and BiI3. The 2-MGE can also be used in the transmission mode, in which the complete Mueller matrix of a sample can be determined (using 4 zone measurements). If the sample is a linear diattenuator and retarder, then only a single zone is required to determine the sample retardation, diattenuation, the principal axis direction, and the depolarization. These measurements have been performed in two different modes: 1) Spectroscopic, where the current wavelength limits are 260 to 850 nm, and 2) Spatially resolved (current resolution similar to30-50 microns) at a single wavelength The latter mode results in retardation, linear diattenuation, and principal axis direction "maps" of the sample. Two examples are examined in this paper. First, a simple Polaroid film polarizer is measured, where it is seen that the device behaves nearly ideally in its design wavelength range (visible), but acts more as a retarder in the infrared. Second, congruently grown LiNbO3 is examined under bias. These results show that there are significant variations in the electric field-Pockels coefficient product within the material. Spectroscopic measurements are used to determine the dispersion of the r(22) Pockels coefficient. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; OI Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; Holcomb, David/0000-0001-8263-4661 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4587-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4819 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BV50J UT WOS:000179185000002 ER PT J AU Striolo, A Bratko, D Prausnitz, JM AF Striolo, A Bratko, D Prausnitz, JM TI Pair-wise additivity for potentials of mean force in dilute polymer solutions SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulation; pair-wise additivity; potential of mean force ID MODIFIED SUPERPOSITION APPROXIMATION; 3-BODY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; COLLOIDS; SYSTEMS; CHAINS; FLUIDS AB Standard Monte Carlo techniques were used to compute the potential of mean force between pairs and between triplets of freely jointed hard-sphere polymers in dilute solutions. Segment-segment interactions at poor solvent conditions were represented by square-well potentials. Well width equaled half a segment diameter and well depth was either zero or -0.30 k(B)T. Polymer chains contained 25 segments. For polymer triplets at a set of selected two-body distances, the pair-wise additivity of the potential of mean force provides a reasonable approximation for the three-body potential of mean force. At athermal conditions, the error introduced by assuming additivity is generally less than 10-15% of the total three-body interaction, while for well depth -0.30 kBT, the error rises, but is still generally less than 20-30%. Deviations from the calculated three-body potential of mean force are a function of solvent conditions and of relative positions of the interacting polymers. For polymer chains containing 15, 25 or 30 segments, simulation results do not depend significantly on polymer length. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Gilman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Striolo, Alberto/G-2926-2011 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 591 EP 597 DI 10.1016/S1089-3156(01)00003-4 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 491MZ UT WOS:000172113500040 ER PT J AU Hathorn, BC Sumpter, BG Noid, DW AF Hathorn, BC Sumpter, BG Noid, DW TI Comparison of transition state theory rate constants for internal conformational motion with those obtained from molecular dynamics simulations SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; transition state theory; adiabatic leakage ID MACROMOLECULAR SYSTEMS; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; POLYETHYLENE; DISORDER; CRYSTALS; ENERGY; CHAOS AB The results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are compared to transition state theory estimations for formation of conformational defects in a polymer crystal. The rates of conformational defect formation and destruction are obtained in terms of a distribution over possible conformational states. The rate constant obtained by this method, when normalized by the number of possible defect sites, is independent of the size of the system, in apparent contrast with the results of MD simulations. The difference is interpreted in tetras of the effective temperature of the MD calculation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hathorn, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 615 EP 620 DI 10.1016/S1089-3156(00)00027-1 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 491MZ UT WOS:000172113500043 ER PT S AU Gee, RH Maxwell, RS Dinh, LN Balazs, B AF Gee, RH Maxwell, RS Dinh, LN Balazs, B BE Karim, A Russell, TP Frank, CW Nealey, PF TI Molecular dynamics studies on the effects of water speciation on interfacial structure and dynamics in silica-filled PDMS composites. SO POLYMER INTERFACES AND THIN FILMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Interfaces and Thin Films held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID FORCE-FIELDS; SIMULATIONS; DERIVATION AB Significant changes in materials properties of siloxane based polymers can be obtained by the addition of inorganic fillers. In silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based composites the mechanism of this reinforcing behavior is presumably hydrogen bonding between surface hydroxyls and backbone siloxane species. We have chosen to investigate in detail the effect of chemisorbed (hydroxyls) and physisorbed water on the interfacial structure and dynamics in silica-filled PDMS based composites. Toward this end, we have combined molecular dynamics simulations and experimental studies employing DMA and NMR analysis. Our results suggest that the polymer-silica contact distance and the mobility of interfacial polymer chains significantly decreased as the hydration (hydroxyl and/or physisorbed water) level at the interface was reduced. The reduced mobility of the PDMS chains in the interfacial domain reduced the overall motional properties of the polymer, thus causing an effective "stiffening" of the polymer matrix. The role of the long-ranged Coulombic interactions on the structural features and chain dynamics of the polymer were also examined. Both are found to be strongly influenced by the electrostatic interactions as identified by the bond orientation time correlation function and local density distribution functions. These results have important implications for the design of nanocomposite silica-siloxane materials. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gee, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-646-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 710 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BV58E UT WOS:000179442800004 ER PT S AU Moody, NR Bahr, DF Kent, MS Emerson, JA Reedy, ED AF Moody, NR Bahr, DF Kent, MS Emerson, JA Reedy, ED BE Karim, A Russell, TP Frank, CW Nealey, PF TI Film thickness effects on interfacial fracture of epoxy bonds SO POLYMER INTERFACES AND THIN FILMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Interfaces and Thin Films held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID THIN-FILMS; ADHESION MECHANISMS; ENERGY; INDENTATION; DELAMINATION; DECOHESION; TOUGHNESS AB Nanoindentation test techniques were combined with deposition of highly stressed overlayers to study the interfacial fracture susceptibility of spin coated Epon 828/T403 on aluminized glass substrates as a function of film thickness. The test techniques required to induce fracture differed between samples. Nevertheless, the resulting interfacial fracture energies decreased monotonically with film thickness to a value near 0.5 J/m(2). This value is higher than the 'true work of adhesion' for uncured epoxy oliogomers on a methyl-terminated aluminum surface. However, it may indicate that we have irreversible specific interactions such as hydrogen bonding. Then 0.5 J/m(2) may be near the fundamental value for such an interaction, or the 'practical work of adhesion'. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-646-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 710 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BV58E UT WOS:000179442800022 ER PT S AU Espada, LI Mang, JT Orler, EB Wrobleski, DA Langlois, DA Hjelm, RP AF Espada, LI Mang, JT Orler, EB Wrobleski, DA Langlois, DA Hjelm, RP BE Karim, A Russell, TP Frank, CW Nealey, PF TI Structural characterization of segmented polyurethanes by small angle neutron scattering SO POLYMER INTERFACES AND THIN FILMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Interfaces and Thin Films held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB The beneficial mechanical properties of segmented polyurethanes derive from microphase separation of immiscible hard and soft segment-rich domains at room temperature. We are interested in the structure of the domains, how these are affected by hydrolytic aging, and how the structure is modified by low molecular weight plasticizers. To assessed the distribution of the plasticizer in polyurethane, we did small-angle neutron scattering measurements on mixtures of 23% hard segment poly(esterurethane) with different amounts of either non-deuterated or deuterated plasticizer. We analyzed the results using a simple model in which the contrast, Deltarho = rho(H) - rho, between the hard and soft segment-rich domains is varied by the amount of deuterated or hydrogenated plasticizer, using the fact that I(Q) similar to Deltarho(2). The result demonstrated that the plasticizer is largely associated with the soft segment rich domains. The structure of PESU with the chain extender of the hard segment was assessed after aging under hydrolytic conditions. The results show that the microphase structure coarsens and segregates and that the hard and soft segments segregated as a result of the loss of constraints from hydrolytic soft segment chain scission. The results on plasticizer distribution and the effects of hydrolytic aging give insight on the loss of mechanical properties that occur in each case. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Espada, LI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, LANSCE 12, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-646-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 710 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BV58E UT WOS:000179442800030 ER PT J AU Griffin, D O'Sullivan, E Harmey, MA Dowley, LJ AF Griffin, D O'Sullivan, E Harmey, MA Dowley, LJ TI DNA fingerprinting, metalaxyl resistance and mating type determination of the Phytophthora infestans population in the Republic of Ireland SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PCR AMPLIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; POTATO; STRAINS; POLYMORPHISMS; NETHERLANDS; VARIABILITY; OOSPORES; LINEAGE; MONT AB During the period 1995-1999 one hundred and sixty three isolates of P. infestans were collected in Ireland. The majority (150) were from the 1996 population. Isolates were analysed for mating type and sensitivity to metalaxyl, and subsets were also genotyped for mitochondrial haplotype (124) and RG-57 fingerprint (114). Four of the isolates tested were of the A(2) mating-type. Of four haplotypes known, only two were detected in the Irish population. RG-57 probe analysis determined that there were 12 genotypes present. However, clustering analysis demonstrated close relationships between many of the strains found. Metalaxyl resistance was predominantly associated with two closely-related genotypes. All A(2) isolates shared the same genotype. Due to the low population diversity, especially of A(2), sexual reproduction does not appear to be a factor in disease epidemiology. C1 TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. UCD, Dept Bot, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Griffin, D (reprint author), TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Oakpk, Carlow, Ireland. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU EUROPEAN ASSN POTATO RES PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 20, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1007/BF02732216 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 775NW UT WOS:000189048400004 ER PT J AU Dowley, LJ Griffin, D O'Sullivan, E AF Dowley, LJ Griffin, D O'Sullivan, E TI Two decades of monitoring Irish populations of Phytophthora infestans for phenylamide resistance SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IRELAND; STRAINS; MONT AB Between 1981 and 1998, Phytophthora infestans populations in 878 potato crops in Ireland were monitored for phenylamide resistance. The incidence of resistance was very high in 1981 following intensive use of metalaxyl for blight control from 1977 onwards. It decreased rapidly in the absence of phenylamide use between 1981 and 1984. Following the reintroduction of phenylamide based fungicides in 1985, there was a rapid increase in phenylamide resistance following the widespread curative use of these fungicides. From 1990 onwards there was greater adherence among growers to the use of phenylamides in accordance with an anti-resistance strategy and resistance distribution again decreased. During the 18-year period of the study, resistance was always lower at the beginning of the season and increased as the season progressed. Following the reintroduction of the phenylamide based fungicides in 1985 there was a steady increase in phenylamide use up to 1986 followed by a continuous decrease in use up to 1990. Since then there has been a steady increase in phenylamide use. They are currently used on some 60% of crops in Ireland and are still providing acceptable levels of disease control. C1 TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Dowley, LJ (reprint author), TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Carlow, Ireland. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN ASSN POTATO RES PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 20, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1007/BF02732219 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 775NW UT WOS:000189048400007 ER PT B AU Guilmette, RA AF Guilmette, RA BE Bolch, WE TI Biokinetics of inhaled, ingested, and percutaneously deposited radionuclides SO PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INTERNAL DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Health-Physics-Society 2002 Summer School CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL UNIV FLORIDA, GAINESVILLE, FL SP Hlth Phys Soc HO UNIV FLORIDA ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; LONG-TERM RETENTION; HUMAN NASAL AIRWAY; PARTICLE DEPOSITION; MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ULTRAFINE AEROSOLS; FLOW-RATE; TRACHEOBRONCHIAL DEPOSITION; ALUMINOSILICATE PARTICLES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guilmette, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-E546,ESH-12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 260 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-09-9 PY 2002 BP 43 EP 104 PG 62 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BW76C UT WOS:000183079600002 ER PT B AU Little, TT AF Little, TT BE Bolch, WE TI Bayesian statistics - Fundamentals SO PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INTERNAL DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Health-Physics-Society 2002 Summer School CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL UNIV FLORIDA, GAINESVILLE, FL SP Hlth Phys Soc HO UNIV FLORIDA ID INTERNAL DOSIMETRY C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Little, TT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-K483 ESH-12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-09-9 PY 2002 BP 343 EP 351 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BW76C UT WOS:000183079600007 ER PT B AU Miller, G AF Miller, G BE Bolch, WE TI Case studies - Internal dosimetry calculations using Markov chain Monte Carlo SO PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF INTERNAL DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Health-Physics-Society 2002 Summer School CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL UNIV FLORIDA, GAINESVILLE, FL SP Hlth Phys Soc HO UNIV FLORIDA ID BAYESIAN METHODS; BIOASSAY DATA C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-E546 ESH-12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-09-9 PY 2002 BP 353 EP 388 PG 36 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BW76C UT WOS:000183079600008 ER PT J AU Summerhays, KD Henke, RP Baldwin, JM Cassou, RM Brown, CW AF Summerhays, KD Henke, RP Baldwin, JM Cassou, RM Brown, CW TI Optimizing discrete point sample patterns and measurement data analysis on internal cylindrical surfaces with systematic form deviations SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coordinate measuring machine; sampling plan; fitting algorithm; cylinder; form error; principal component analysis; Chebyshev polynomial; Fourier series; eigen shapes; least squares; minimum zone; maximum inscribed cylinder ID COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES; VERIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY; METROLOGY; STRAIGHTNESS; TOLERANCES; ACCURACY; ISSUES; TIME AB Selection of an appropriate sampling strategy and of the correct fitting algorithm are two of the key issues in the practice of modem coordinate metrology. A recent report described the development of new techniques for modeling the form errors of machined part features and illustrated their use in identifying and understanding the relation of form errors to machining process variables. In this report, these mathematical tools are further developed and applied for the determination of optimum, reasonably-sized probing patterns for measurement under time and economic constraints. The focus of the work reported here is on full internal cylindrical surfaces. The technique is, however, of general utility and can be employed with any nominal feature geometry. Its application does, in many cases, produce significant improvements in the uncertainty of derived geometric dimensioning and tolerancing parameters with modest or no increase in measurement time. In contrast to most work on these problems, extensive use is made of process-dependent information in selection of sampling protocol and data analysis method. Since the method begins with an understanding of the form errors introduced into the part by the particular manufacturing regime, at least partial benefit can be seen even when the sample pattern optimization is employed in conjunction with commercial, off-the-shelf CMM control and data analysis software. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ San Francisco, Harney Sci Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Micro Vu Inc, Windsor, CA 95492 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Honeywell Fed Mfg & Technol, Kansas City, MO 64141 USA. MetroSage LLC, Volcano, CA 95689 USA. RP Summerhays, KD (reprint author), Univ San Francisco, Harney Sci Ctr, Room 409,2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 105 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0141-6359(01)00106-4 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 509BW UT WOS:000173125400013 ER PT B AU Matalucci, RV AF Matalucci, RV BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Risk Assessment Methodology for Dams (RAM-D-SM) SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE risk assessment; infrastructure security; physical security; security; vulnerability assessment; counterterrorism; dam security; infrastructure protection AB The Risk Assessment Methodology for Dams (RAM-D-SM) was developed by Sandia National Laboratories for the Interagency Forum for Infrastructure Protection (IFIP). The IMP is a consortium chartered in 1997 to promote information exchange among dam owners and operators for the focused purpose of identifying effective means of countering the potential threat to the security of our nation's more than 75,000 dams. The RAM-D-SM is an adaptation of the security principles, processes, and procedures developed to protect nuclear materials. The protection-system goals of a nuclear facility are significantly different from the security requirements of a dam. The RAM-D-SM includes new tools developed to address issues that do not occur at nuclear facilities. The risk assessment methodology for dams provides a process for identifying and analyzing the following: (.) the mission(s) of the dam, (.) the undesired events that would prevent mission(s) success, (.) the critical assets that must be protected to prevent undesired events from occurring, (.) the potential adversaries and their characteristics, * the credible threats to the dam, (.) the level of risk that can be tolerated at a dam, (.) the optimal use of available techniques for security upgrades, (.) the consequence mitigation options, (.) the risk reduction alternatives, (.) the operational and cost impacts, and a host of other considerations. The RAM-D-SM, available from Sandia National Laboratories through a non-disclosure agreement and a no-cost license, includes both the methodology itself and a training program that introduces the methodology to new users. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Matalucci, RV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 169 EP 176 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500026 ER PT B AU Bari, RA Mubayi, V Damon , D AF Bari, RA Mubayi, V Damon , D BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Safety goal formulation in the nuclear materials and waste areas SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE safety goals; risk; nuclear materials; nuclear waste; regulation; decision-making; risk metrics AB The U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is determining the feasibility of safety goals for the non-reactor areas regulated by the Commission. This paper presents initial considerations in the formulation of draft safety goals for these areas. The approach adopted is based on the three-tier paradigm of the safety goals for power operation outlined in the Commission's Safety Goal Policy Statement of 1986. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bari, RA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 231 EP 235 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500036 ER PT B AU Nowlen, SP Boone, A Kolaczkowski, A Kelly, D Siu, N Woods, HWR AF Nowlen, SP Boone, A Kolaczkowski, A Kelly, D Siu, N Woods, HWR BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Fire detection and suppression: PRA modeling and data analysis SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE fire; detection; suppression; risk analysis; fire duration; Probabilistic risk analysis; PRA; nuclear power; nuclear safety AB This paper describes an effort completed as a part of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) sponsored Fire Risk Research Program. This effort involved a review of existing methods for fire detection and suppression analysis as applied to nuclear power plant fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), and the development of improved methods, tools, and data. An updated, mechanistic approach to the treatment of fire detection and suppression is proposed based on a previously published network modeling approach. The earlier model has been reviewed and updated to reflect the existing experience. A simplified version of the model that can be supported by current data is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nowlen, SP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 243 EP 249 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500038 ER PT B AU Moore, KA Carrington, R Richardson, J AF Moore, KA Carrington, R Richardson, J BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Data transmission of pipeline status SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE natural gas transmission; pipeline safety; damage detection; data transmission; thermal spray traces AB The use of natural gas for energy is preferred to almost all other forms of fuels due to its clean emissions, yet it is an explosive gas travelling through pipes throughout the entire US. There are approximately 2 million miles of natural gas and hazardous liquid pipelines transporting gas to 60 million residential and commercial customers. Each year there are on average 120 incidents with natural gas pipelines, resulting in 70 injuries and 16 fatalities. The Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) in the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) program on Natural Gas Pipeline Infrastructure Reliability, and various infrastructure security programs have identified third party damage as a significant factor in natural gas pipeline failures. See Table I for the data from calendar year 2000. Furthermore the near real time detection and location of pipeline damage has been identified by industry in DOE and DOT sponsored workshops as a priority research need to improve gas pipeline reliability. Nearly 25% of the pipeline failures accounting for approximately 20% of the associated cost is directly attributed to damage caused by external forces. 75% of pipeline failures induced by a third party occur immediately following impact. A pressure test or inspection done some time in the past does not assure the pipeline integrity. The industry is calling for an inexpensive rugged process for installing capability that transmits the state of the pipe. The INEEL is developing a near real time damage detection and location system that utilizes thermally sprayed resistive traces applied to the wall of the pipe which detects damage by measuring the strain state of the pipeline. This data will also allow for efficient repairs and emergency response. The technique employed is a network of thermally sprayed resistive traces deposited on either the interior or exterior wall of the pipeline. The ability of a thermally sprayed resistive trace to detect damage is due to the unique manner in which a porous metal changes resistivity when placed under strain. The porous metal layer from the thermal spray shows a significant change in resistance when plastically deformed that is not associated with a change in length but the actual shift in its resistivity. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Moore, KA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500040 ER PT B AU Hightower, M AF Hightower, M BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Use of probabilistic risk-based methods to enhance water infrastructure safety and reliability SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE water; infrastructure; security; terrorism; risk assessment; interdependencies AB The water infrastructure is one of the most important of all infrastructures. The wide range of emerging threats including global climate change, population increases, inefficient water management practices, pollution, and chemical and biological terrorism, have raised concerns about the safety, security, reliability, and sustainability of our water supply and distribution infrastructure. In an era of growing threats and concerns, identification of effective strategies to address these growing issues will be extremely important. Strategies that relay on historical data, deterministic modeling, or compliance-based management may not provide the necessary safety and protection required. Probabilistic and uncertainty based approaches provide the most commonly accepted process for ranking the safety and security options and upgrades needed to insure the future safety, reliability, and sustainability of our water systems. The application of these techniques throughout the different water infrastructure sectors including water supply, water treatment and distribution, and water infrastructure interdependencies is being accepted as a viable and robust technique to include uncertainty in identifying cost-effective, long-term, water supply safety and management options and goals. This paper outlines the ways risk assessment and consequence-based techniques are being applied to the water infrastructure. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Energy & Transportat Secur Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hightower, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energy & Transportat Secur Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 303 EP 307 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500047 ER PT B AU Danneels, JJ AF Danneels, JJ BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Water infrastructure security risk management SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE water; infrastructure; security; risk; performance; contamination; assessment AB This paper describes the efforts underway to adapt Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) long-standing security risk-management techniques to the water infrastructure. From nuclear weapons to large federal dams, Sandia has provided security solutions to protect the nation's most critical assets for over thirty years. Along the way, Sandia developed a unique performance-based risk-management methodology to ensure that available resources are effectively applied to reduce risk. Extensive performance testing has demonstrated the validity of the methodology. In the water infrastructure, there are many essential physical and cyber systems that are vulnerable to attack. Water systems face an increasing number of malevolent threats, including attacks on physical assets, cyber hacking, chemical contamination, radiological contamination, and biological contamination. Addressing vulnerabilities in the water supply system requires flexible, innovative, technologically advanced solutions that involve both the public and private sectors. Recent threats and isolated attacks suggest a trend that could put our water systems at risk. Protecting the water infrastructure is a national priority. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Civilian Surety Programs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Danneels, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Civilian Surety Programs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 309 EP 314 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500048 ER PT B AU Conrad, SH Thomas, RP Tidwell, VC AF Conrad, SH Thomas, RP Tidwell, VC BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI A probabilistic assessment of water-resource sustainability: Using the Middle Rio Grande as a test bed SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE water resources; hydrology; water budget; Middle Rio Grande Basin; system dynamics; sustainability; policy analysis; parameter uncertainty; temporal variability; Monte Carlo analysis C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Conrad, SH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500049 ER PT B AU Gertman, DI Hallbert, BP Blackman, HS Parrish, MW Trager, EA Persensky, JJ Kramer, JJ AF Gertman, DI Hallbert, BP Blackman, HS Parrish, MW Trager, EA Persensky, JJ Kramer, JJ BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Human performance contribution to risk in operating events SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR ID ERRORS AB This report presents the findings of a study of the contributions of human performance to risk in operating events at commercial nuclear power plants. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Accident Sequence Precursor (ASP) Program and the Human Performance Events Database (HPED) were used to identify safety significant events in which human performance was a major contributor to risk. Conditional core damage probabilities (CCDPs) were calculated for these events using Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluation (SAPHIRE) software and Standardized Plant Analysis Risk (SPAR) models. Forty-eight events described in licensee event reports and augmented inspection team reports were reviewed. Human performance did not play a role in I I of the events, so they were excluded from the sample. The remaining 37 events were qualitatively analyzed. Twenty-three of these 37 events were also analyzed using SPAR models and methods. Fourteen events were excluded from the SPAR analyses because they involved operating modes or conditions outside the scope of the SPAR models. The results showed that human performance contributed significantly to analyzed events. Two hundred and seventy human errors were identified in the events reviewed and multiple human errors were involved in every event. Latent errors (i.e., errors committed prior to the event whose effects are not discovered until an event occurs) were present four times more often than were active errors (i.e., those occurring during event response). The latent errors included failures to correct known problems and errors committed during design, maintenance, and operations activities. The results of this study indicate that multiple errors in events contribute to the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) basic events present in SPAR models and that the underlying models of dependency in HRA may warrant further attention. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gertman, DI (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Hallbert, Bruce/B-5435-2017 OI Hallbert, Bruce/0000-0002-4133-7625 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 333 EP 345 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500052 ER PT B AU Hallbert, BP Gertman, DI Blackman, HS Persensk, JJ Trager, EA AF Hallbert, BP Gertman, DI Blackman, HS Persensk, JJ Trager, EA BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Reviews of human performance in operating events and relationships to IPES SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Hallbert, BP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RI Hallbert, Bruce/B-5435-2017 OI Hallbert, Bruce/0000-0002-4133-7625 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500053 ER PT B AU Gertman, DI Hallbert, BP Prawdzik, D Blackman, HS Kramer, J Trager, EA Persensky, JJ AF Gertman, DI Hallbert, BP Prawdzik, D Blackman, HS Kramer, J Trager, EA Persensky, JJ BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Human performance characterization in the reactor oversight process SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR AB A review of the Reactor Oversight Process (ROP) and its characterization of human performance was performed by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) to describe the means by which the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) monitors, analyzes and feeds back information on human performance. Review of detailed human performance findings and trends observed in 37 operating events identified through the Accident Sequence Precursor (ASP) program served as the sample of operating experience. All events reviewed had a conditional core damage probability of LOE-5 or greater and indicated the influence of human performance. Reviews also considered Individual Plant Examinations (IPEs) and Augmented Inspection Team (AIT) reports. These reviews were then compared to ROP source materials. This included ROP source documents such as inspection manuals, SECY 007/7A, SECY 0053, Inspection Procedures, Inspection Reports, and Plant Information Matrices (PIMs). Supplemental Inspections, risk-informed plant information notebooks, and the significance determination process (SDP) for Operator Requalification Examination were also reviewed. Insights regarding the characterization of human performance in the ROP are presented. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gertman, DI (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Hallbert, Bruce/B-5435-2017 OI Hallbert, Bruce/0000-0002-4133-7625 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500074 ER PT B AU Wyss, GD AF Wyss, GD BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Uncertainty analysis for the Cassini Space Mission SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE uncertainty; Monte Carlo sampling; Latin hypercube sampling; radiological risk; spacecraft risk AB During 1996 and 1997, Sandia National Laboratories and Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space developed a new risk uncertainty method for the Cassini space probe risk assessment. This paper provides a mathematical description for this unique sampling method, which incorporates aspects of stratified sampling, importance sampling, and Latin hypercube sampling to capture the tails of the resultant risk distribution using a minimum number of random observations without homogenizing data points. The results computed using this method were equivalent to those produced by pure Monte Carlo sampling. Furthermore, this method improved resolution of the tail of the risk distribution by more than an order of magnitude while using 78% fewer samples than the pure Monte Carlo analysis. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Risk Reliabil & Modelling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wyss, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Risk Reliabil & Modelling Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 581 EP 586 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500088 ER PT B AU Wyss, GD Duran, FA AF Wyss, GD Duran, FA BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Object-based approaches to risk and reliability analysis: Obest methodology and applications SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE probabilistic risk assessment; risk and reliability analysis; risk assessment methods; object-oriented; modeling; quantitative methods; event scenario development AB Event tree analysis and Monte Carlo-based discrete event simulation have been used in risk assessment studies for many years. This paper details how features of these two methods can be combined with concepts from object-oriented analysis to develop a new risk assessment methodology with some of the best features of each. The resultant Object-Based Event Scenario Tree (OBEST) methodology enables an analyst to rapidly construct realistic models for scenarios for which an a priori discovery of event ordering is either cumbersome or impossible (especially those that exhibit inconsistent or variable event ordering, which are difficult to represent in an event tree analysis). Each scenario produced by OBEST is automatically associated with a likelihood estimate because probabilistic branching is integral to the object model definition. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Risk Reliabil & Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wyss, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Risk Reliabil & Modeling Dept, POB 5800,MS 0747, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 693 EP 698 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500104 ER PT B AU Gillette, J Fisher, R Peerenboom, J Whitfield, R AF Gillette, J Fisher, R Peerenboom, J Whitfield, R BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Analyzing water/wastewater infrastructure interdependencies SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE CI3; infrastructure; interdependency; outage; repair time; water; wastewater AB This paper describes four general categories of infrastructure interdependencies (physical, cyber, geographic, and logical) as they apply to the water/wastewater infrastructure, and provides an overview of one of the analytic approaches and tools used by Argonne National Laboratory to evaluate interdependencies. Also discussed are the dimensions of infrastructure interdependency that create spatial, temporal, and system representation complexities that make analyzing the water/wastewater infrastructure particularly challenging. An analytical model developed to incorporate the impacts of interdependencies on infrastructure repair times is briefly addressed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Infrastruct Assurance Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gillette, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Infrastruct Assurance Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 757 EP 762 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500113 ER PT B AU Brown, T Beyeler, W AF Brown, T Beyeler, W BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Water infrastructure interdependencies and macro economic consequence modeling of California SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE water; infrastructure; interdependency; model C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0451, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 763 EP 766 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500114 ER PT B AU Unal, C Bush, B Werley, K Giguere, P AF Unal, C Bush, B Werley, K Giguere, P BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Modeling of interdependent infrastructures SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE energy; interdependent; simulation; modeling; infrastructure; framework AB An actor-based modeling methodology is used to simulate interactions among interdependent commercial infrastructures. The goal of this method is to capture the complex, nonlinear, self-organizing, emergent, and sometimes chaotic behaviors and interactions exemplified by complex systems, rather than relying on traditional aggregate mathematical and simulation techniques. A prototype model of four interdependent infrastructures was considered as an example. The actor-based definitions of the electric-power transmission line and natural-gas pipeline networks were developed to realistically simulate the dynamic interactions within each of these infrastructures and the interactions and interdependencies between these two infrastructures. A three-dimensional representation of system components and interconnectivity was developed. The visualization is an interactive, three-dimensional, geographically based, "layered" view of infrastructure interdependencies. It also links to a geographic information system for data analysis. A unique iterative natural-gas network solver algorithm was developed. Our assessment shows that a hybrid approach using an actor-based definition of infrastructure components in conjunction with iterative and commercial solvers has great promise for addressing the operation of interdependent infrastructures in a restructured and deregulated environment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Unal, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Mail Stop F604, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 767 EP 772 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500115 ER PT B AU Young, WF DePoy, JM AF Young, WF DePoy, JM BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Relative risk assessment for water utility scada systems SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE SCADA; relative risk assessment; water utilities AB This paper describes a relative risk assessment approach to water SCADA systems. A guided top-down approach provides the basic structure and integrates elements from a variety of IT assessment and evaluation approaches. The process provides an effective means to evaluate the overall system security of water utility SCADA systems and to guide the development and integration of sustainable security improvements. A depiction of a generic secure water utility SCADA system (not included due to length limitations) and the CobiT((R)) framework provide guidance during the assessment and mitigation formulation stages. A final, prioritized list of SCADA system assets, ranked by relative security deficiency, indicates an order for applying resources to improve SCADA security. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Networked Syst Survivabil & Assurance Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Young, WF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Networked Syst Survivabil & Assurance Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 773 EP 778 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500116 ER PT B AU Robinson, DG AF Robinson, DG BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI A sensitivity analysis technique for uncertainty, risk and reliability analysis based on iterative quasi-Monte Carlo sampling SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE sensitivity analysis; Monte Carlo; quasi-Monte Carlo ID MODEL AB This paper provides an introduction to the use of variance decomposition methods when applied to structural reliability and uncertainty analyses based on a new iterative quasi-Monte Carlo (qMC) method. Over the past year, this new qMC sampling method has proven to provide a very accurate characterization of the uncertainty in the response of complex systems with a substantial reduction in the number of simulations that are required. From a theoretical point of view, the new iterative qMC methods will always converge faster than the conventional Monte Carlo and generally provides a more accurate uncertainty description (for the same number of simulations) than Latin hypercube sampling (LHS). The sensitivity analysis method developed to support this new uncertainty analysis methodology is based on the use of variance decomposition techniques very similar to that developed by M. McKay and I. Sobol'. Particular attention will be made to comparing sensitivity methods employed in the uncertainty analysis area with the sensitivity methods traditionally used in the structural reliability area. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Risk & Reliabil Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robinson, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Risk & Reliabil Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 819 EP 825 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500123 ER PT B AU Cournoyer, ME Dare, JH AF Cournoyer, ME Dare, JH BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI A risk determining model for hazardous material operations SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE hazardous material; tool; risk; safety assessment; exposure; likelihood; severity AB Integrated Safety Management (ISM) is structured to manage and control work at the activity level. Fundamental to ISM is that all work will be performed safely while meeting the applicable institutional-, facility-, and activity-level expectations. High and medium initial risk activities require certain levels of independent peer and/or Environmental, Health & Safety subject matter expert reviews prior to authorization. A key responsibility of line management and chemical workers is to assign initial risk adequately, so that the proper reviews are obtained. Thus, the effectiveness of an ISM system is largely dependent upon the adequacy and accuracy of this initial risk determination. In the following presentation, a Risk Determination Model (RDM) is presented for physical, health and ecological hazards associated with materials. Magnitude of exposure (i.e., dose or concentration), frequency, duration, and quantity are the four factors most difficult to capture in a research and development setting. They are factored into the determination, as a function of the quantity of material. Quantity and magnitude of exposure components are simplified by using boundary criteria. Use of this RDM will promote conformity and consistency in the assignment of risk to hazardous material activities. Through the use of this RDM, risk assessors (line management and chemical workers) should be capable of more accurately assessing the risk of exposure to a specific chemical with regard to the employee, public, and the environment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cournoyer, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 853 EP 858 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500128 ER PT B AU Haefner, DR Ramos, AG Stepan, IE AF Haefner, DR Ramos, AG Stepan, IE BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Estimating the upper bounding drum activity level using nonparametric statistics SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE accidents; bounding; consequences; combustible; drums; nonparamettic; statistics AB The consequences and severity of an accident involving a 55-gal drum are directly related to the source term (or the activity) used. This document proposes a statistical approach to estimating a reasonable upper bounding activity for such a drum. A nonparametric analysis is suggested, which does not require a normally distributed population as do classical statistics, but instead, only looks at the drum population as a single group. The nonparametric analysis was applied to two sets of drum data: the first set represented the general inventory of 55-gal drums; the second only targeted drums with combustible contents. The two populations were evaluated because the accident scenarios and the severity of these accidents are generally dependent on whether the waste is combustible. Results of the nonparametric analysis are tabulated in terms of tolerance limits (confidence levels and percent drum coverages) and the corresponding Pu-239 equivalent activity in curies (0). For example, from the analysis on the general drum population, it is concluded with 95% confidence that 99% of the drums will have less than 31.8 Pu-239 eq Ci. The mean Pu-239 eq activity for this drum population is 3.6 Ci. The bounding Pu-239 eq activity for a drum of combustible waste with the same tolerance limits as above is about 15.4 Ci. The mean Pu-239 eq activity for the combustible drums is 1.2 Ci. Assumptions and the rationale for the approach are delineated in the text. The appropriate tolerance limits will be dependent on specific accident scenarios, and the safety analyst will need to determine these limits relative to the scenario and justify its use in the safety analysis report. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Haefner, DR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 965 EP 974 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500144 ER PT B AU Huchton, RL Montoya, AJ AF Huchton, RL Montoya, AJ BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Facts and frictions in transuranic waste management SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE waste management; transuranic; waste; nuclear materials; regulatory drivers AB The majority of TRU wastes generated at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) result from Nuclear Materials Technology (NMT) Division operations that support the NMT Division Stockpile Stewardship mission. The volume of TRU waste has increased annually since 1994. This trend is expected to continue as the operational workload increases with the Stockpile Stewardship mission. Since TRU wastes are the most costly wastes of which to dispose, the funding needed for TRU waste generation and disposal is also escalating sharply. Past and present waste minimization efforts have been spurred by the incentive to reduce volumes and costs, but they have been hobbled by the barriers that perpetuate its' creation. DOE pollution prevention goals requiring 80% reductions in TRU waste generation by 2005 compound the conflicts between regulatory drivers. This paper explores in more detail the facts and frictions that exist between TRU waste generation, TRU waste minimization efforts, mission goals and increasing workloads, regulatory drivers, and funding demands. Individuals involved in TRU waste management and TRU waste minimization programs should be enlightened to the balances that must be achieved. Everyone should have a better understanding of the high costs and long timelines required to effect major reductions in the volumes of TRU waste being generated. In conclusion, TRU waste generation at LANL is increasing as operational workloads increase to meet NMT Division mission goals and objectives. This increase translates to a corresponding increase in funding for waste management and disposal. A multitude of regulatory drivers compete against TRU waste minimization efforts to reduce waste volumes and for programmatic funding. The facts, frictions, and conflicts between TRU waste generation and its' regulatory drivers must be understood and an appropriate balance reached, if DOE TRU waste minimization goals are to be achieved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Waste Management & Environm Compliance Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huchton, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Waste Management & Environm Compliance Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 979 EP 982 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500146 ER PT B AU Mubayi, V Bari, RA Bailey, M AF Mubayi, V Bari, RA Bailey, M BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Risk-informing site decommissioning - A case study SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE decommissioning; risk-informing; safety goals AB A case study on the use of risk information in site decommissioning was performed in the context of risk informing the activities of the NRC's Office of Nuclear Materials Safety and Safeguards. The facility selected was the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant that has requested unrestricted release of its site from its Part 50 license. Information related to risk in various aspects of the decommissioning regulations is presented in the context of the license termination plan put forward by the licensee and draft safety goals are identified that could help to further risk-inform the decommissioning process. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mubayi, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1087 EP 1092 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500162 ER PT B AU Grove, EJ Bari, RA Bailey, M AF Grove, EJ Bari, RA Bailey, M BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Risk-informing uranium recovery SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE uranium recovery; conventional mills; mill tailings; in situ leaching; risk-informing; safety goals AB A case study on the use of risk information in uranium recovery was performed in the context of risk informing the activities of the NRC's Office of Nuclear Materials Safety and Safeguards. The facilities surveyed include both conventional uranium mills and in situ leach operations. Information related to risk in various aspects of the uranium recovery regulations is presented and preliminary thoughts on draft safety goals are suggested that could help to further risk-inform the uranium recovery activities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Grove, EJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1093 EP 1097 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500163 ER PT B AU Xu, J Bari, RA Bailey, M AF Xu, J Bari, RA Bailey, M BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI A case study of risk informing 10 CFR part 76: Seismic issues at Paducah gaseous diffusion plant SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE gaseous diffusion plant; seismic; certification; risk-informing; safety goals AB A case study on the use of risk information in gaseous diffusion plant certification was performed in the context of risk informing the activities of the NRC's Office of Nuclear Materials Safety and Safeguards. The Paducah facility was selected because of the use of risk information in the evaluation of seismic issues related to the certification of the facility by NRC. Information related to risk in regulating these facilities is presented and preliminary thoughts on draft safety goals are suggested that could help to further risk-inform this area. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1105 EP 1108 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500165 ER PT B AU Layton, DW Rice, DW AF Layton, DW Rice, DW BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Assessing and managing the risks of fuel compounds: Ethanol case study SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE renewable energy; ethanol; fuel compounds; transport and fate; groundwater; surface water ID SURFACE; MTBE AB We have implemented a suite of chemical transport and fate models that provide diagnostic information about the behavior of ethanol (denoted EtOH) and other fuel-related chemicals released to the environment. Our principal focus is on the impacts to water resources, as this has been one of the key issues facing the introduction of new fuels and additives. We present analyses comparing the transport and fate of EtOH, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), and 2,2,4 trimethyl pentane (TMP) for the following cases (1) discharges to stratified lakes, (2) subsurface release in a surficial soil, (3) cross-media transfer from air to ground water, and (4) fate in a regional landscape. These compounds have significantly different properties that directly influence their behavior in the environment. EtOH, for example, has a low Henry's law constant, which means that it preferentially partitions to the water phase instead of air. An advantageous characteristic of EtOH is its rapid biodegradation rate in water; unlike MTBE or TMP, which degrade slowly. As a consequence, EtOH does not pose a significant risk to water resources. Preliminary health-protective limits for EtOH in drinking water suggest that routine releases to the environment will not result in levels that threaten human health. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Layton, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1115 EP 1120 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500167 ER PT B AU Martinez, B Perini, R AF Martinez, B Perini, R BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Fits (Fittings inventory tracking system) on the fast track SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE compression; fittings; tracking; web; software; PDA; barcode; database AB A release of airborne contamination from a loose compression fitting at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) resulted in the contamination of eight employees. LANL's Nuclear Material Technology Division (NMT) was required to inventory and inspect approximately 20,000 fittings in the Plutonium Facility's chemical and radioactive piping systems before the facility could return to standard operations. Information such as location, tightness, status, the material being transported, operating pressure and other pertinent data was gathered to ensure all fittings conformed to the manufactures' standards. This paper discusses the accelerated, successful software development of the Fittings Inventory Tracking System (FITS). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martinez, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1135 EP 1140 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500170 ER PT B AU Briand, D Thompson, BM AF Briand, D Thompson, BM BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Army focused recapitalization program SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE reliability; safety; optimization; aircraft; recapitalization; maintainability AB The U.S. Army is beginning an extensive program to transform its Legacy Force through a major Recapitalization (RECAP) effort. The RECAP effort includes selected component rebuilds and technology insertions as well as the correction of components directly affecting reliability and safety. Sandia National Laboratories is supporting the Army RECAP program by applying advanced reliability modeling methodologies and genetic optimization to help predict the impact of proposed RECAP upgrades then optimize the upgrades to provide the greatest performance improvement within budget constraints. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Briand, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1176, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1203 EP 1208 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500180 ER PT B AU Moore, LM McKay, MD AF Moore, LM McKay, MD BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Orthogonal arrays for computer experiments to assess important inputs (LA-UR-02-1434) SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE computer experiments; experiment design; fractional factorial design; correlation coefficient AB Orthogonal array experiment designs, subsets of factorial designs also referred to as fractional factorial designs, are suggested as candidate computer experiments that provide basis for calculating and comparing R-2 across subsets of inputs. Motivation is based on a non-stochastic computer simulation with many inputs that can, in a reasonable period of time, be run hundreds of times. With many inputs, information that identifies a subset of important inputs is valuable, "Importance" is assessed following suggestions in McKay (1995) or McKay, et al. (1992). This analysis approach leads to considering factorial experiment designs where inputs are associated with a finite number of discrete values, referred to as levels. If each of p inputs has K levels then there are K-P possible distinct runs which constitute the K-P factorial design space. With suggestions of p between 35 to 50, even with K=2 the complete 2(P) factorial design space would not be run. Complexity of the simulation code and discrete levels, associated with equi-probable intervals from the input distribution, make it desirable to consider more than 2 level inputs. Inputs levels of 5 and 7 were investigated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moore, LM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1261 EP 1266 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500190 ER PT B AU Cundy, AL Schultze, JF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Hylok, J Bingham, D AF Cundy, AL Schultze, JF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Hylok, J Bingham, D BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Parameter sampling and metamodel generation for nonlinear finite element simulations SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE metamodel; structural dynamics simulation; general sensitivity analysis; linear variable; screening; Bayesian variable screening AB This research addresses the problem of analyzing the nonlinear transient response of a structural dynamics simulation. A threaded joint assembly's response to impulse loading has been studied. Twelve parameters relating to the input level, preloads of the joint and friction between components are thought to influence the acceleration response of the structure. Due to the high cost of physical testing and large amount of computation time to run numerical models a fast-running metamodel is being developed. In this case, a metamodel is a statistically developed surrogate to the physics-based finite element model and can be evaluated in minutes on a single processor desktop computer. An unreasonable number of runs is required (3(12) >500,000) to generate a three level full factorial design with 12 parameters for metamodel creation. Some manner of down-selecting or variable screening is needed in order to determine which of the parameters most affect the response and should be retained in subsequent models. A comparison of screening methods to general sensitivity analysis was conducted. A significant effects methodology that involves a design of experiments technique has been examined. In this method, all parameters were first included in the model and then eliminated on the basis of statistical contributions associated with each parameter. Bayesian variable screening techniques, in which probabilities of effects are generated and updated, have also been explored. Encouraging results have been obtained, as the two methods yield similar sets of statistically significant parameters. Both methods have been compared to general sensitivity analysis (GSA). The resulting compact metamodel can then be explored at more levels to appropriately capture the underlying physics of the threaded assembly with a much smaller set of simulations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cundy, AL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, POB 1663,MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1267 EP 1272 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500191 ER PT B AU Wyss, GD Blair, DS Rexroth, PE Rochau, GE Sype, TT AF Wyss, GD Blair, DS Rexroth, PE Rochau, GE Sype, TT BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Using risk as a basis for nuclear proliferation decisions SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE nuclear proliferation; risk assessment; next generation reactors; nuclear waste disposal AB Most recent proliferation risk assessment studies rely on expert judgment and multiattribute utility analysis. These qualitative studies have used groups of experts to focus on lists of "important attributes" that relate to a "proliferation potential," and have developed a few scenarios that might cause proliferation potential to actually be realized. Sandia National Laboratories has been developing a quantitative risk-based method for considering potential nuclear proliferation pathways that is more repeatable, easier to perform, and reuses information from previous analyses. The Risk Informed Proliferation Analysis (RIPA) methodology still relies on expert judgment, but poses issues to the experts in a more "bite size" form than traditional proliferation studies. This enables experts to assess each issue more thoroughly and confidently than was previously possible. Since expert judgment is gathered for specific activities rather than entire proliferation pathways, it can be reused for multiple analyses without going back to the experts, thus ensuring consistency among analyses. An automated algorithm combines the expert responses to develop a large number of potential scenarios from which global proliferation insights can be gleaned. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Risk Reliabil & Modelling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wyss, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Risk Reliabil & Modelling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1295 EP 1300 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500195 ER PT B AU Campbell, JE Thompson, BM Swiler, LP AF Campbell, JE Thompson, BM Swiler, LP BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Consequence analysis in predictive. health monitoring systems SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE prognostics; cross cutting methods; manufacturing; power generation AB Prognostic Health Monitoring (PHM) systems embody elemental components (e.g., sensors, data transmission devices, computer hardware and software, man-machine interfaces) that monitor the state of health of equipment in terms of component failure modes and their remaining useful life. The purpose of this monitoring is to predict degradation and potential failure and inform equipment maintainers, in a timely manner, of the need for maintenance or operational adjustments. PHM systems go beyond using sensors to detect pending equipment failures. They use a combination of information to predict equipment health. Once equipment health is known, it is necessary to address the questions: "So, what needs to be done about a potential failure mode, and when?" This paper presents two PHM software applications. The Evidence Engine predicts what the system states will be (and with what probability) given current evidence. "Evidence" may include such things as sensor data, maintenance and inspection data, usage profiles, component age, historical data on similar equipment or components, oil analysis, thermography, etc. The Consequence Engine predicts the effect that repair/replace/inspect/wait strategies will have on the system if that action is taken. This "consequence analysis" part of the problem must be performed in such a way that the expected benefit from performing each alternative can be calculated. An example analysis based on realistic electricity cost data and equipment reliability and maintenance data for a major power plant component is presented. The example is relevant for both nuclear and conventional power plants. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Campbell, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1176, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1353 EP 1358 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500204 ER PT B AU Muhlheim, MD Markel, LC Rahn, FJ Singh, BP AF Muhlheim, MD Markel, LC Rahn, FJ Singh, BP BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Requirements for a real-time risk monitoring tool to reduce transmission grid-nuclear plant vulnerabilities SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE power generation; electric transmission; reliability; nuclear power plants AB ORNL, along with Sentech and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), is currently developing a real-time risk monitoring tool for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to help nuclear power plants (NPPs) assess the risk of loss of offsite power. These same tools will also help transmission system managers assess the adequacy of reserve margins and system conditions, provide retum-to-service priorities to restore the operating margin to the system, determine which assets to protect to prevent the erosion of system margins, and highlight the shortage or inadequacy of transmission facilities. Conventional probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques (e.g., fault trees and event trees) are currently incapable of modeling the transmission system because the size of the entire grid, dynamic grid topology, conditional probabilities (reflecting varying line loading levels), and common-cause threats preclude the development of a detailed, stand-alone model that can give results in real time. In addition to overcoming conventional PRA limitations, another dilemma involves identifying the undesired event(s) of interest. How do you decide where the model development begins, and how much of the grid must be modeled given that there are no clearly defined start and end points? Linking interconnected transmission line segments using a hybrid analysis tool should overcome these obstacles for conventional techniques to develop a detailed, dynamic PRA model of the entire grid. All electrical line segments (including power plants) are potential starting points; real-time conditions on the grid determine how much of the grid is to be modeled. The proposed approach enables operators to estimate the probability of localized grid disturbances and subsequent cascading instabilities that potentially affect a power plant and to estimate the probability of an NPP trip affecting the grid. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Muhlheim, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1391 EP 1396 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500210 ER PT B AU Booker, JM Kerscher, WJ Smith, RE AF Booker, JM Kerscher, WJ Smith, RE BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Assessing processes in uncertain, complex physical phenomena and manufacturing SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE uncertainty characterization; expert judgment; decision making; reliability prediction; design/product assurance AB PREDICT (Performance and Reliability Evaluation with Diverse Information Combination and Tracking) is a set of structured quantitative approaches for the evaluation of system performance based on multiple information sources. The methodology integrates diverse types and sources of information, and their associated uncertainties, to develop full distributions for performance metrics, such as reliability. The successful application of PREDICT has involved system performance assessment in automotive product development, aging nuclear weapons, and fatigued turbine jet engines. In each of these applications, complex physical, mechanical and materials processes affect performance, safety and reliability assessments. Processes also include the physical actions taken during manufacturing, quality control, inspections, assembly, etc. and the steps involved in product design, development and certification. In this paper, we will examine the various types of processes involved in the decision making leading to production in an automotive system reliability example. Analysis of these processes includes not only understanding their impact on performance and reliability, but also the uncertainties associated with them. The automotive example demonstrates some of the tools used in tackling the complex problem of understanding processes.: While some tools and methods exist for understanding processes (man made and natural) and the uncertainties associated with them, many of the complex issues discussed are open for continued research efforts. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Booker, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1405 EP 1410 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500212 ER PT B AU Forester, J Bley, D Cooper, S Kolaczkowski, A Siu, N Thornsbury, E Wreathall, J AF Forester, J Bley, D Cooper, S Kolaczkowski, A Siu, N Thornsbury, E Wreathall, J BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Quantification and treatment of uncertainty in human reliability analysis based on ATHEANA SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE bias; elicitation; human reliability analysis; HRA; PRA; PSA; uncertainty; ATHEANA ID PROBABILITY AB A quantification process has been developed that explicitly uses the conceptual basis of the ATHEANA Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) method and the results of its search process for identifying potential unsafe human actions and their error-forcing contexts, The quantification approach integrates the knowledge of informed analysts to quantify unsafe acts and treats uncertainty explicitly. The approach emphasizes obtaining expert evidence, rather than asking for expert judgment. Initial applications of the method appear to work well and generate reasonable results. This process includes protection against bias and overconfidence. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Forester, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1411 EP 1416 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500213 ER PT B AU Mubayi, V Pratt, WT Ridgely, J AF Mubayi, V Pratt, WT Ridgely, J BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Technical basis for large early release frequency significance determination process SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE reactor oversight process; PRA; core damage frequency; large early release frequency; containment AB The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission is developing a tool, called the "significance determination process," to assess the risk significance of inspection findings at nuclear power plants as part of the revision to the reactor oversight program. In accordance with the philosophy of Regulatory Guide 1.174, risk is characterized in terms of the risk metrics, core damage frequency and the large early release frequency. This paper describes the technical basis for the significance determination process for the large early release frequency risk metric. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mubayi, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1437 EP 1442 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500217 ER PT B AU Azarm, MA Chu, TL Higgins, J Martinez-Guridi, G Samanta, PK AF Azarm, MA Chu, TL Higgins, J Martinez-Guridi, G Samanta, PK BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Development of plant models for a significance determination process (SDP) for at-power internal events SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE nuclear power plant inspection; probabilistic safety assessment; regulatory inspection; regulatory oversight; risk assessment; risk-informed application; risk-informed inspection; reactor oversight process; significance determination process AB In the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (USNRC) new Rector Oversight Process (ROP), a process called the "Significance Determination Process (SDP)" is being used to determine the safety significance of inspection findings. The SDP is a phased approach where after an initial screening of inspection findings (Phase 1), an assessment is conducted to obtain a risk approximation and preliminary determination of the risk significance of the inspection findings. This is the Phase 2 of the SDP. To aid the inspectors in making the Phase 2 SDP assessment, plant-specific models were developed. The inspectors can use these models to gain a quick assessment of the risk impact of inspection findings, along with an engineering understanding and elaboration of the basis of the risk significance. This provides the USNRC's and the licensee's staff with a common language for discussing and resolving the issues. This paper describes the approach taken in developing these plant-specific models considering the risk contributors from at-power internal events. The models, also are explained discussing their use in assessing inspection findings and in obtaining an engineering understanding of the significance of the findings. The benchmarking of the models using the licensee's current plant-specific probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs) also is considered. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Azarm, MA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Higgins, James/D-6822-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1443 EP 1448 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500218 ER PT B AU Duran, FA Camp, AL Golay, M Apostolakis, G Price, LL AF Duran, FA Camp, AL Golay, M Apostolakis, G Price, LL BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Risk-informed licensing for advanced reactors SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE advanced nuclear systems; risk-informed regulation; new nuclear reactors AB Recent developments in the United States nuclear industry include pre-application discussions between potential licensees and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for new plants, some based on non-light water reactor technology. One of the major challenges to the successful deployment of new nuclear plants in the United States is the regulatory process, which is largely based on water-reactor technology. With the initiation of pre-application discussions for new plant designs, the industry and the NRC are addressing the applicability of the current set of regulatory requirements to the proposed new designs. One outcome of the focus on proposed new plants is the development of new licensing approaches. The current efforts for existing plants and proposed new plants focus on adapting the current set of requirements and standards for near-term application. Beyond these current efforts, our team has been pursuing the application of a more aggressive risk-informed approach to all regulatory requirements and industry standards, as well as to the regulatory process, focusing upon those issues that affect the design and licensing of new nuclear power plants. We have extended the previous development of our framework and have been investigating approaches for defining quantitative risk criteria that have the potential to provide a consistent basis for regulatory decisions, independent of the reactor concept, within our framework. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Duran, FA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0747, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1449 EP 1454 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500219 ER PT B AU Snell, MK AF Snell, MK BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Probabilistic security assessments: How they differ from safety assessments SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE probabilistic risk assessment; security; game theory; cost-benefit analysis AB While security assessments for high-consequence assets have used event-tree methodologies for at least 20 years, it seems that only in the last 5-10 years have there been attempts to apply Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) techniques (such as applying distributions to parameters) commonly used in safety analyses to security assessments.' This paper draws on some of this experience to compare and contrast these two approaches, not only to illustrate why security and safety probabilistic assessments are different but also to show why decision makers should usually not attempt to equalize the safety and security risks to high-consequence assets. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 5845, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Snell, MK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 5845, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1465 EP 1470 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500221 ER PT B AU Jaeger, CD AF Jaeger, CD BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Risk assessment methodology for chemical facilities SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE vulnerability analysis; risk analysis; risk security; physical protection; chemical facilities; VAM; CFVA AB Sandia National Laboratories, under the direction of the Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Justice, is conducting the Chemical Facility Vulnerability Assessment (CFVA) project, The primary objective of this project is to develop, test and validate a prototype VAM for assessing the security of chemical facilities and transport activities against terrorist or criminal attacks. Sandia leveraged the experience gained from the use and development of VAs in other areas such as dams and critical assets. Although the project is primarily focused on physical security a top-level look was made of transportation-related activities and the facilities' process control systems. The remainder of Us paper will discuss the prototype VAM. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jaeger, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, POB 5800,MS 0759, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1471 EP 1476 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500222 ER PT B AU Kindinger, JP AF Kindinger, JP BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI A systems approach to project risk management SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE project; risk; analysis; quantitative; systems AB This paper describes the need for better performance in the planning and execution of projects and examines the capabilities of two different project risk analysis methods for improving project performance. A quantitative approach based on concepts and tools adopted from the disciplines of systems analysis, probabilistic risk analysis, and other fields is advocated for managing risk in large and complex research & development projects. This paper also provides an overview of how this system analysis approach for project risk management is being used at Los Alamos National Laboratory along with examples of quantitative risk analysis results and their application to improve project performance. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Probabilist Risk Anal Grp, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kindinger, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Probabilist Risk Anal Grp, Decis Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1489 EP 1494 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500225 ER PT B AU Vigil, MJ Greutman, MR Gordon, DJ Art, BA Gutierrez, DJ AF Vigil, MJ Greutman, MR Gordon, DJ Art, BA Gutierrez, DJ BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Reliability study of an auxiliary power system using fault tree analysis SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE fault tree; failure; auxiliary power; diesel generator; ventilation; loss of power; reliability AB The auxiliary power system for Los Alamos National Laboratory's. Plutonium Facility is in the process of being upgraded. The upgrade is intended to automate the auxiliary power system to decrease the time that designated loads in the facility are without power. The upgraded auxiliary power system will consist of a single diesel engine, a generator, a programmable logic controller, automatic transfer switches, breakers, and associated wiring and conduit. This reliability analysis is intended to evaluate the overall reliability of the upgraded auxiliary power system using a fault tree analysis, The analysis is also intended to determine the predominant failure modes, and to suggest possible changes, if any, to increase the system reliability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vigil, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, MS E578, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1501 EP 1506 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500227 ER PT B AU Wyss, GD Duran, FA Dandini, VJ AF Wyss, GD Duran, FA Dandini, VJ BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Application of the obest methodology to a runway incursion problem SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR AB Over the last three years, Sandia National Laboratories has developed the Object-Based Event Scenario Tree (OBEST) methodology for modeling the universe of possible scenarios that might occur within a system because of a stimulus or initiating event. The NASA Aviation Safety Program sponsored Sandia to investigate whether these methods might be applicable to aviation safety problems. Sandia developed a major OBEST model to consider mechanisms by which an aircraft might become involved in a runway incursion incident. The resulting OBEST model demonstrates how a close link between human reliability analysis and probabilistic risk assessment methods can provide important insights into aviation safety phenomenology. The paper provides a brief overview of the OBEST methodology, as well as background and construction details for the runway incursion model. While the model has not received quantitative validation, it demonstrates the applicability of the OBEST methodology to aviation safety problems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Risk Reliabil & Modelling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wyss, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Risk Reliabil & Modelling Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1563 EP 1568 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500237 ER PT B AU Bixler, NE Whitehead, DW Gregory, JJ Ottinger, CA Brown, TD Mitchell, JA AF Bixler, NE Whitehead, DW Gregory, JJ Ottinger, CA Brown, TD Mitchell, JA BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Methodology for a level 3 PRA analysis of a nuclear reactor accident using MACCS2 SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE MACCS2; risk-informed regulation; level 3 PRA; uncertainty; health effects; expert elicitation panels AB The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is gradually implementing its concept of risk-informed regulation. At present, "risk" is generally estimated in terms of core damage frequency (CDF) and large early release frequency (LERF). However, the expectation is that risk to the public, as defined in more normal terms of probability times consequences, will eventually supplant CDF as the relevant metric for risk-informed regulation. This requires the use of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) technology from Levels 2 and 3 to evaluate offsite releases and the consequence of those releases, respectively. The NRC has supported and continues to support MACCS2 as the primary tool for performing consequence analyses in support of Level 3 PRAs. The current study develops a methodology to determine the influence of uncertain input parameters used in level 3 PRA on predicted human health consequences. In order to demonstrate the method, characterizations of the uncertainty of some of the parameters were taken from expert solicitation; less resource intensive methods were used to estimate the uncertainty of other parameters. The method can also show the input parameters that have the greatest influence on the predicted results. The method demonstrated in this report can be applied generally to generic or specific reactor sites to gain an understanding of the influence of uncertain variables on the ultimate consequences of a potential release of radionuclides. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bixler, NE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0747, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1575 EP 1580 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500239 ER PT B AU Dolin, RM Rodriguez, EA AF Dolin, RM Rodriguez, EA BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Predicting failure and validating simulations using probabilistic knowledge SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE probability assessment; likelihood-of-occurrence; Stochastic sampling; model validation AB Two probabilistic approaches for assessing performance are presented. The first approach assesses probability of failure by simultaneously modeling all likely events. The probability each event causes failure along with the event's likelihood of occurrence contribute to the overall probability of failure. The second assessment method is based on stochastic sampling using an influence diagram. Latin-hypercube sampling is used to stochastically assess events. The overall probability of failure is taken as the maximum probability of failure of all the events. The Likelihood of Occurrence simulation suggests failure does not occur while the Stochastic Sampling approach predicts failure. The Likelihood of Occurrence results are used to validate finite element predictions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dolin, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA EA, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1603 EP 1608 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500243 ER PT B AU Hunter, RL Healey, B AF Hunter, RL Healey, B BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI RAMPART (TM): Status and planned improvements SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE computer software; building risk; natural hazards; crime; terrorism AB RAMPART(TM) is a new type of computer application that provides a screening-level assessment of risk to U.S. federal buildings. A primary design goal has been to provide the non-risk-analyst with the ability to generate useful and understandable risk results. RAMPART(TM) encompasses a user interface, an expert system, and a database. The interface elicits information from the user about the building. The expert system is a set of rules that embody corporate knowledge about buildings and tenants from the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) and knowledge about risk analysis from Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The database contains both data on the building, entered by the user during an analysis session, and a much larger permanent data set on natural hazards and crime. RAMPART(TM) evaluates and allocates the risk for each hazard, ranks the risks, and displays the results graphically. Suggestions for mitigation and further analysis of high and very high risks are presented as part of the results. Release Version 1.0 of the software was delivered to GSA early in 2002. Complementary products are being developed to integrate with RAMPART(TM). Designed to enhance the information derived from the RAMPART(TM) assessment, these applications will include a management action plan, a crisis management plan, a communications management plan, an employee training plan, and an automated auditing system. These applications will ultimately extend the functionality of a facility assessment to an active "living application" that can dynamically measure, mitigate, and test the threat environment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Int Environm Anal Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hunter, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Int Environm Anal Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1689 EP 1694 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500254 ER PT B AU Lehner, J Xu, J Lin, CC Morante, R Rubin, A Chokshi, N AF Lehner, J Xu, J Lin, CC Morante, R Rubin, A Chokshi, N BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Perspectives on seismic capacity of us nuclear plants gained from the IPEEE program SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE core damage; earthquake; high-confidence-low-probability-of-failure; nuclear; probabilistic; reactor; risk; seismic; seismic hazard; seismic margin AB As part of the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC's) program of Individual Plant Examination for External Events (IPEEE), all US licensees assessed their operating nuclear plants for severe accident risk due to seismic events and submitted the results to the NRC. Licensees used one of two methodologies to conduct their seismic IPEEEs. The first was a seismic probabilistic risk assessment consisting of at least a Level I analysis and a qualitative containment performance analysis. The second was a seismic margins assessment method, including a qualitative containment performance analysis. The scope of the seismic examination for a particular plant depended on the location of the plant, with higher hazard sites undertaking more extensive investigations. The NRC staff and its contractors reviewed all of the submittals to verify that the goals of the IPEEE program have been achieved, i.e., that the licensee's IPEEE process was capable of identifying seismic vulnerabilities as well as any cost-effective safety improvements. Perspectives and insights gained from this NRC review of the IPEEE seismic submittals are presented here. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lehner, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1731 EP 1736 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500260 ER PT B AU LaChance, J Haskin, E Martinez-Guridi, G Kuritzky, A Drouin, M Camp, A AF LaChance, J Haskin, E Martinez-Guridi, G Kuritzky, A Drouin, M Camp, A BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Risk-informed alternative to 10 CFR 50.46 "acceptance criteria for emergency core cooling systems for light water nuclear power reactors" SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE 10 CFR 50.46; Appendix K; core melt; decay heat; design basis; ECCS; LOCA; LOOP; nuclear reactor; regulation; risk; risk-informed AB The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is in the process of risk informing regulatory requirements related o emergency core cooling, in particular, the requirements stipulated in 10 CFR 50.46, "Acceptance Criteria for Emergency Core Cooling Systems for Light-Water Nuclear Power Reactors;" Appendix K to 10 CFR Part 50, ECCS Evaluation Models," and General Design Criterion (GDC) 35, "Emergency Core Cooling," of Appendix A to 10 CFR Part 50. These requirements specify assumptions, methods, and acceptance criteria for use in evaluating the adequacy of emergency core cooling systems (ECCS) for design basis loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs). An assessment of the feasibility of changes included an evaluation of the current requirements, their basis and evolution; a review of related regulations and implementing documents; a review of relevant risk information and related accidents; development and comparison of potential options for risk-informing current requirements; and development of recommendations for changes. The NRC staff recommended to the Commission that rulemaking should be undertaken to develop a risk-informed alternative to the current 10 CFR 50.46. This alternative would be voluntary on the part of licensees and would include technical requirements to ensure an ECCS reliability that is commensurate with the frequency of challenge to systems. In place of the simultaneous loss of off site power requirement and single failure criterion, two options would be offered to accomplish ECCS system reliability: (1) A deterministic system reliability requirement based on risk information (e.g., specification of the number of trains of ECCS) or (2) An ECCS functional reliability requirement that is commensurate with the LOCA frequency (e.g., a requirement that the core damage frequency associated with a specified set of LOCAs be less than an NRC-specified threshold, with due consideration of uncertainties). This paper describes the results of the feasibility study leading to these recommendations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP LaChance, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1833 EP 1838 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500276 ER PT B AU Gruebel, M Carson, S Garcia, L Malczynski, L Pohl, P Reeder, R Kalinina, E Reynolds, W Brokaw, J Ma, M McNeely, J Coyote, AO AF Gruebel, M Carson, S Garcia, L Malczynski, L Pohl, P Reeder, R Kalinina, E Reynolds, W Brokaw, J Ma, M McNeely, J Coyote, AO BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI A database of environmental parameters, organizations and tools for probabilistic risk assessment SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE risk assessment; distribution coefficients; partition coefficients; bioaccumulation AB The Database of Environmental Parameters, Organizations, and Tools (DEPOT) is a web-based warehouse for data essential for environmental risk assessments. DEPOT encompasses the entire spectrum of environmental restoration and waste management activities, but its key utility is its database of parametric values with an established uncertainty that allows risk analysts to avoid excessive conservatism in their evaluations. The website provides a database for groundwater and vadose zone transport and for bioaccumulation data collected from published literature. The database contains, in addition to general parametric data, soil-water partition coefficient values and bioaccumulation factors for chemical compounds and 14,000 distribution coefficient values and 5000 bioaccumulation factors for I 10 elements. Wherever possible, DEPOT includes the associated level of uncertainty (i.e., standard deviation or distribution function). DEPOT also provides links to other websites related to environmental risk assessment in five areas: environmental regulations, pathway-specific transport, engineered structures, performance assessment data specific to DOE sites, and environmental risk assessment models. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruebel, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1879 EP 1884 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500283 ER PT B AU Cox, RG Wyss, GD AF Cox, RG Wyss, GD BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Probabilistic risk assessment in communications systems: A case study SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE telecommunications; Internet protocol (IP); risk assessment studies; electric power; fiber optics AB Can a quick study using probabilistic risk assessment techniques provide valuable insight into the reliability of telecommunications service networks? In 2000, CoreExpress, now Williams Communications, chartered Sandia National Laboratories to evaluate the performance of an IP transport service offering. The paper describes the overall approach taken, some surprising findings, and, in hindsight, an assessment of the utility and limits of such analyses. We found that engineering features whose reliability might be taken for granted in traditional telecommunications applications (e.g., long-term backup power supplies, building heating and cooling systems, and double fiber cuts) can have significant effects on the availability of ultra-high reliability communication services. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Risk Reliabil & Modelling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cox, RG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Risk Reliabil & Modelling Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1903 EP 1907 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500287 ER PT B AU Duran, FA Campbell, JE Thompson, B Golay, M Harmon, DL Maynard, KP Spencer, JW AF Duran, FA Campbell, JE Thompson, B Golay, M Harmon, DL Maynard, KP Spencer, JW BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Smart equipment technologies for nuclear power plant systems: An overview of demonstration activities for a smart pump system SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE advanced nuclear systems; reliability; maintenance and operations AB As part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) Program, a U.S. national lab-industry-university team has brought together their capabilities to design, develop, and evaluate an integrated set of tools and methodologies that can improve the reliability and safety of advanced nuclear power plants through the introduction of smart equipment and predictive maintenance technology. Smart equipment embodies elemental components such as sensors, data transmission devices, computer hardware and software, and human-machine interface (HMI) devices that continuously monitor and predict the system performance and remaining useful life of the equipment. A set of integrated elements has been developed that comprise a demonstration health monitoring system (HMS) for a selected smart plant component. The capability to receive input from both a physical, real-world system and a virtual machine simulation provides a wide range of demonstration options. The HMS concept provides a unique system-level integration of plant maintenance information with real-time sensor data utilizing self-monitoring and self-diagnostic characteristics built into the equipment. The use of a distributed software architecture facilitates scaling up to enterprise-wide applications, and provides the ability to view real-time equipment performance and safety-related data from remote locations. This paper summarizes the activities to demonstrate the application of the integrated set of tools and methodologies that have been developed during this program. A description of the elements of the HMS as well as the demonstration scenarios is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Duran, FA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0747, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 1989 EP 1994 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500300 ER PT B AU Eide, SA Wierman, TE AF Eide, SA Wierman, TE BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI Environment, safety, and health risk assessment program (ESHRAP) SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE risk assessment; environment; safety and health; environmental risk; cost benefit; risk comparison AB The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory is investigating the development of a comprehensive and quantitative risk model framework for environmental management activities at the site. Waste program risks cover all activities up through final disposition, including storage, handling, treatment, transportation, and disposal. Types of risks addressed include environmental cleanup costs (from accidental releases of radionuclides or chemicals), fatalities from radiological or chemical exposures, and fatalities from standard industrial accidents. Risks are estimated for workers, other site personnel, and the public. Unlike environmental impact statements, safety analysis reports, and performance assessment risk evaluations, the risk model framework being investigated is planned to result in best estimates for environment, safety, and health risks. Two basic types of risk estimates are included: risks from environmental management activities, and long-term legacy (no action) risks from wastes/materials. Both types of risks are estimated using the Environment, Safety, and Health Risk Assessment Program (ESHRAP) developed at the INEEL. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Eide, SA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 2043 EP 2048 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500308 ER PT B AU Hallbert, BP Bongarra, JP Persensky, JJ Spurgin, AJ Hanneman, WG AF Hallbert, BP Bongarra, JP Persensky, JJ Spurgin, AJ Hanneman, WG BE Bonano, EJ Camp, AL Majors, MJ Thompson, RA TI IEEE recommended practice for conducting human reliability analysis SO PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Probabilistic Assessment and Management (PSAM6) CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE human reliability analysis; probabilistic risk assessment; reliability; screening AB This paper reports on the IEEE-sponsored project to develop a recommended practice to implement steps of the Human Reliability Analysis process that focus on the analysis of human interactions identified in IEEE STD-1082 "IEEE Guide for Incorporating Human Action Reliability Analysis for Nuclear Power Generating Stations." The standard that is under development is intended assist analysts by providing recommended approaches for analyzing risk important human interactions and human recovery actions as associated with nuclear power generating station equipment and systems. This includes the screening, characterization, quantification, and documentation of failed human interactions and failed human recovery actions. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Hallbert, BP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RI Hallbert, Bruce/B-5435-2017 OI Hallbert, Bruce/0000-0002-4133-7625 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044122-X PY 2002 BP 2077 EP 2081 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Transportation GA BV86L UT WOS:000180264500313 ER PT S AU Barhen, J AF Barhen, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Reduction of uncertainties in neural network prediction of oil well logs SO PROCEEDING OF THE 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 02) CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Neural Networks Soc, Int Neural Network Soc ID GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM; POROSITY AB The ability to accurately predict the location of remaining oil in the neighborhood of existing production wells is of vital economic importance to the petroleum industry. A methodology to determine the confidence limits of results obtained by neural network models is formulated. This methodology consistently combines experimental data (e.g., sensor measurements) with model-predicted results. Best estimates for the network model parameters are obtained, and uncertainties underlying modeling processes based on learning are reduced. Preliminary results show the promise of this methodology for petroleum reservoir characterization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Directorat, Ctr Engn Sci & Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Barhen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Directorat, Ctr Engn Sci & Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 0-7803-7278-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2002 BP 902 EP 907 DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2002.1005594 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU92F UT WOS:000177402800161 ER PT S AU Draelos, T Duggan, D Collins, M Wunsch, D AF Draelos, T Duggan, D Collins, M Wunsch, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Adaptive critic designs for host-based intrusion detection SO PROCEEDING OF THE 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 02) CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Neural Networks Soc, Int Neural Network Soc AB We explore adaptive critic designs for host-based intrusion detection because of their utilization of reinforcement learning, which allows learning exploits that are difficult to pinpoint in sensor data. Results on Solaris Basic Security Module audit data demonstrate an ability to learn to distinguish between clean and exploit data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjdrael@sandia.gov; dduggan@sandia.gov; mjcolli@sandia.gov; dwunsch@ece.umr.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 0-7803-7278-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2002 BP 1720 EP 1725 DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2002.1007777 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU92F UT WOS:000177402800306 ER PT S AU Barney, P Rawlinson, KS Diver, R AF Barney, P Rawlinson, KS Diver, R GP SPIE SPIE TI Developing a vibration mitigation solution for a solar dish SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB This paper presents the methods and results of a vibration mitigation program for a 10 kW solar dish electrical generator system. The primary source of excitation for the vibrations is a reciprocating Stirling cycle engine which is mounted to a truss structure near the focal point of the reflector The first phase of the project was to gather operational and modal information of the dish to gain an understanding of the nature of the system. Additional engine dynamic analysis was performed to get a better understanding of the excitation forces. Next, possible passive and active solutions were investigated from the perspective of performance and implementation. Finally, the passive and active solutions were designed and tested. The passive solutions included testing of isolation and the implementation of a multi-tone tuned damper. The active solution utilized commercial bass shakers and an LMS algorithm for control. The resulting vibration levels using the passive and active methods showed reasonable reduction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Guidance & Controls Dept MS 0501, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barney, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Guidance & Controls Dept MS 0501, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 258 EP 264 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000039 ER PT S AU Carne, TG AF Carne, TG GP SPIE SPIE TI Modal testing of wind turbines, then (1982) and now (2002) SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carne, TG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 389 EP 389 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000056 ER PT S AU Doebling, SW Hemez, FM Schultze, JF Cundy, AL AF Doebling, SW Hemez, FM Schultze, JF Cundy, AL GP SPIE SPIE TI A metamodel-based approach to model validation for nonlinear finite element simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Metamodeling, also known as response surface analysis, is the de facto standard for mathematical representation of complex phenomena in many fields, especially when first principles physical relationships are not well-defined, e.g. economics, climatology, and government policy. Metamodels provide a computationally efficient, low-dimension relationship for studying the behavior of a physical system. They can be used for understanding the physical system, predicting its response, optimizing its design or the parameters in a physical model, and performing verification and validation. [1] Metamodels can be derived from simulation results or fit directly to observed test data. [2] In structural dynamics, typical practice is to develop a first-principles-based model such as a finite element model to study the behavior of the system. However, it is common that the features of interest in a structural dynamics simulation are relatively low order (e.g. first few modal frequencies, peak acceleration at certain locations) and sensitive to relatively few model and simulation parameters. In these cases, metamodeling provides a convenient format to facilitate activities of model validation, including parameter screening, sensitivity analysis [3], uncertainty analysis, and test/analysis correlation. This paper describes the creation of metamodels, and presents some examples of how metamodels can be employed to facilitate model validation for nonlinear structural dynamic response simulation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Doebling, SW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 671 EP 678 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000101 ER PT S AU Mayes, RL Clauss, DB Gruda, JD AF Mayes, RL Clauss, DB Gruda, JD GP SPIE SPIE TI Experimental characterization of unit-to-unit variability for components in payload systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB We are generating a structural dynamic model of a payload system to calculate the response of internal components to a shock input to the payload shell. However, there is evidence that unit-to-unit variability in the as-built payload systems significantly affects the dynamic response. In order to establish the validity of the model to predict component response in the payload system, we need to quantify the effect of the unit-to-unit variability. We had available only one complete payload system for experiments. However, multiple units of some internal components were available. We assumed that the most important sources of variability in the component responses are due to as-built and as-assembled differences in the component itself and in the joint connecting it to the payload system, A series of 21 shock experiments have been conducted on the system to characterize the variability in the dynamic response of two critical components. The test results provide evidence that can be used to evaluate the assumption, and to assess the relative importance of test variability, assembly variability and as-built variability. Smoothed frequency response functions are shown to provide insight into the variability due to these various sources. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mayes, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 679 EP 682 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000102 ER PT S AU Paez, TL Hunter, NF Cafeo, JA AF Paez, TL Hunter, NF Cafeo, JA GP SPIE SPIE TI A Karhunen-Loeve framework for modeling structural randomness SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Individual structures drawn from systems of nominally identical structures differ randomly from other structures in the collection. The most common measure of linear behavior used to characterize structures tested dynamically in the laboratory is the frequency response function. Therefore, the frequency response functions of real, experimental structures are realizations of stochastic processes. The Karhunen-Loeve expansion is an efficient and general framework for representation of random processes, and its parameters can be estimated from measured data. We demonstrate in this paper that the frequency response functions of systems of dynamic structures can be expressed as stochastic processes using the Karhunen-Loeve framework. The representation can be used to infer practically any of the stochastic characteristics of the structure related to linear behavior. An example based on measurements from multiple automotive structures is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Paez, TL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 893 EP 899 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000134 ER PT S AU Cundy, AL Schultze, JF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Bingham, D AF Cundy, AL Schultze, JF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Bingham, D GP SPIE SPIE TI Variable screening in metamodel design for a large structural dynamics simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB This research addresses the problem of analyzing the nonlinear transient response of a large degree-of-freedom structural dynamics simulation. A threaded joint assembly's response to impulse loading has been studied. Twelve parameters relating to the input level, preloads of the joint and friction between components are thought to influence the acceleration response of the structure. Due to the high cost of physical testing and large amount of computation time to run analytical models (three hours on 504 processors of LANL's ASCI supercomputer, Blue Mountain to simulate three milliseconds of response) a fast-running metamodel is being developed. In this case, a metamodel is a statistically developed surrogate to the physics-based finite element model and can be evaluated in minutes on a single processor desktop computer. An unreasonable number of runs is required (3(12)>500,000) to generate a three level full factorial design with 12 parameters for metamodel creation. Some manner of down-selecting or variable screening is needed in order to determine which of the parameters most affect the response and should be retained in subsequent models. A comparision of screening methods to general sensitivity analysis was conducted. A significant effects methodology, which involves a design of experiments technique has been examined. In this method, all parameters were first included in the model and then eliminated on the basis of statistical contributions associated with each parameter. Bayesian variable screening techniques, in which probabilities of effects are generated and updated, have also been explored. Encouraging results have been obtained, as the two methods yield similar sets of statistically significant parameters. Both methods have been compared to general sensitivity analysis (GSA). The resulting compact metamodel can then be explored at more levels to appropriately capture the underlying physics of the threaded assembly with a much smaller set of simulations (only 64 runs required for a three level model with quadratic and some third order terms). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weap Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cundy, AL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weap Response Grp, POB 1663 MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 900 EP 903 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000135 ER PT S AU Carne, TG Neilsen, MK Lopez, FP AF Carne, TG Neilsen, MK Lopez, FP GP SPIE SPIE TI Experimental validation and test structure design for an orthotropic constitutive model SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB A constitutive model for the elastic response of an aluminum honeycomb material had been developed by performing virtual tests on a detailed finite element model of a unit cell of the honeycomb material. The derived constitutive model treats the honeycomb as a continuous material rather than the detailed structure of the unit cell. The orthotropic model of the honeycomb requires nine distinct parameters that were determined from these cell-level computational simulations. To validate the elastic constants predicted by the simulations, tests were required which would fully exercise the orthotropic model. Modal tests have the advantage of deforming a structure in multiple strain patterns simultaneously, thus exercising multiple aspects of the model. For these tests, we designed and fabricated several test structures, including the honeycomb and other materials, and measured their modal frequencies and mode shapes. The design objective was to create test structures in which all the material parameters participated in affecting the modal frequencies, so that the parameters would be observable in the test data. As part of the design and validation process, detailed finite element analyses of the test structures were performed using the elastic constants from the cell-level simulations. Using these structural analyses, one could compute the sensitivities of the modal frequencies with respect to the elastic constants and determine which parameters would actually affect (be observable) the modal frequencies, The adequacy of the computed elastic constants and the assumed orthotropic model was judged based on whether the model of the test structures predicted the observed experimental data and whether the measured data was sensitive to all the material constants. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carne, TG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 910 EP 913 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000137 ER PT S AU Schultze, JF Hunter, N AF Schultze, JF Hunter, N GP SPIE SPIE TI Evaluation of signal processing techniques for the analysis of large civil structures SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Several new methods of determining change in the data signature of a large Cable-Stayed bridge are examined and compared. Two sets of data, one taken in September 1995, and the second in June 2000 are studied. Structural changes are investigated using several techniques; 1) Modal behavior in the .3 to 3 Hz range is investigated using Transmissibility FRFs and the Random Decrement Method, 2) Quasi Periodic behavior in the 3 to 30 Hz frequency range is observed in several tests. Potential causes and characteristics of this behavior are investigated. 3) Some methods of non-linear analysis are applied to the bridge data and changes in behavior are evaluated. Capability and concerns with each method are addressed in conjunction with physical ambient excitation data and its signal properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA WR, Weapons Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schultze, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA WR, Weapons Response Grp, M-S C931, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 1098 EP 1104 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000167 ER PT S AU Hemez, FM Sohn, H AF Hemez, FM Sohn, H GP SPIE SPIE TI Structural assessment of a cable-stayed bridge SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc ID VIBRATION AB The structural health monitoring of a large cable-stayed bridge using ambient vibration measurement is summarized. The location of the bridge cannot, at this time, be revealed for confidentiality reason. The bridge is continuously monitored with an instrumentation system that has been collecting 16 channels of acceleration, wind pressure and temperature data over the past six years. The paper focuses on the analysis of two data sets collected in June 1995 and September 2000. Nonlinear data processing techniques such as higher-order statistical and temporal moments and wavelet transforms are presented to quantify the energy content of the signals in the time and frequency domains. Then, linear modal models are fit to the data in order to translate the changes observed in terms of stiffness reduction or damping increase. It is concluded that structural change takes the form of a reduction in stiffness rather than an increase in damping. The discussion also illustrates typical issues encountered in structural health monitoring applications. These include collecting non-stationary signals, investigating a nonlinear response and dealing with environmental variability and changing operating conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, ESA WR, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, ESA WR, POB 1663,M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 1105 EP 1112 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000168 ER PT S AU Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Wilson, AC AF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Wilson, AC GP SPIE SPIE TI Discussion of model calibration and validation for transient dynamics simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB Model calibration refers to a family of inverse problem-solving numerical techniques used to infer the value of parameters from test data sets. The purpose of model calibration is to optimize parametric or non-parametric models in such a way that their predictions match reality. In structural dynamics an example of calibration is the finite element model updating technology. Our purpose is essentially to discuss calibration in the broader context of model validation. Formal definitions are proposed and the notions of calibration and validation are illustrated using an example of transient structural dynamics that deals with the propagation of a shock wave through a hyper-foam pad. An important distinction that has not been made in finite element model updating and that is introduced here is that parameters of the numerical models or physical tests are categorized into input parameters, calibration variables, controllable and uncontrollable variables. Such classification helps to define model validation goals. Finally a path forward for validating numerical model is discussed and the relationship with uncertainty assessment is stressed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, ESA WR, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, ESA WR, POB 1663,M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 1362 EP 1369 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000208 ER PT S AU Robertson, AN AF Robertson, AN GP SPIE SPIE TI Investigation of the morlet wavelet for nonlinearity detection SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XX: STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 04-07, 2002 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc ID VIBRATION SIGNALS AB Frequency response functions (FRFs), typically calculated by means of the Fourier transform, are used extensively throughout structural dynamics to identify modal characteristics of a structure, Fourier methods work well with linear systems, but have limitations when nonlinearities are present, largely due to their inability to examine nonstationary data. A nonlinear system is often characterized by the variation of its structural response in time. More recently, wavelets have been introduced as an alternative method to FRF calculation. Unlike Fourier methods, wavelets are a time/frequency transform, allowing for the creation of a time-varying FRF. This paper explores the use of wavelet-based FRFs to identify nonlinear behavior in an eight degree-of-freedom spring-mass structure. Examination of temporal changes in the higher frequency range are used to determine the location of the system's nonlinearities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA EA, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Robertson, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA EA, Engn Anal Grp, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-77-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4753 BP 1370 EP 1375 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU66N UT WOS:000176646000209 ER PT B AU Stenkamp, VS Bond, LJ TeGrotenhuis, WE Grate, JW Flake, MD AF Stenkamp, VS Bond, LJ TeGrotenhuis, WE Grate, JW Flake, MD GP IEEE IEEE TI Standing ultrasonic wave separator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 2ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology CY AUG 26-28, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc ID SUSPENDED PARTICLES; CELLS AB This paper presents the design and preliminary results for a flow-through particle separation unit using standing ultrasonic waves. The results indicate that good separation is obtained at residence times as low as 14 seconds and liquid velocities of 2 mm/sec. The effects of thermally and acoustically induced streaming are discussed. The unit is being used to assess the effective ranges and limits for key parameters in the design of larger scale units. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stenkamp, VS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7538-6 PY 2002 BP 453 EP 455 DI 10.1109/NANO.2002.1032287 PG 3 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV16F UT WOS:000178016200108 ER PT S AU Leming, SK Stalford, HL AF Leming, SK Stalford, HL GP ACC ACC TI Bridge weigh-in-motion system development using static truck/bridge models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual American Control Conference (ACC) CY MAY 08-10, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, SICE AB In this paper, we investigate the problem of developing a weigh-in-motion (WIM) system for use on in-service highway bridges. We consider the problem of processing a bridge's elastic response due to a passing truck and estimating the unknown truck parameters: axle spacing, speed, axle weights, and gross weight. For this problem, the bridge is modeled as a static Euler beam, and the truck is modeled as two moving point masses. The midpoint deflection of the beam is measured over time, and an optimization routine is employed to estimate the values of the unknown parameters. The truck's axle weights, axle spacing, speed and total weight are unknown, and a variety of different truck parameters are considered. First, the deflection is monitored at a constant sampling rate and all points are used in the optimization routine. For this case, with zero measurement error, the errors in the estimates of the truck parameters were unduly large. Second, a sampling technique that used half the number of points as in the first case, but selected them randomly in time, was used. Using the latter technique, with zero measurement error in the data, the errors in the parameter estimates were essentially zero. Finally, measurement error was added to the data and, using the random sampling method, the estimates of all truck parameters were essentially perfect until the magnitude of the measurement error reached 10 microns. The error remained less than 5% with noise up to 100 microns. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sandia Natl Labs, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Univ Oklahoma, Sandia Natl Labs, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7298-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2002 VL 1-6 BP 3672 EP 3677 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BV44D UT WOS:000178974700640 ER PT S AU Tchikanda, S Lee, KM AF Tchikanda, S Lee, KM GP ACC ACC TI State space Modeling for optical fiber drawing process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual American Control Conference (ACC) CY MAY 08-10, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, SICE DE optical fiber drawing; state space modeling; computational fluid dynamics AB A method for obtaining linear state space models of the drawing process is developed. Traditionally, computational fluid dynamics methods have been used to model the drawing process. Although these models have the potential to provide very accurate details of the flow field, they incorporate thousands of dynamic states which make them unsuitable for both real-time simulations and control design. Experimental data have also been used to construct frequency response models which are suitable for control design. However, they heavily rely on the particular operating conditions for which they were obtained. Furthermore, they are constructed using large lumping techniques based on the information at the boundary and cannot predict large perturbations in the flow field. The objective of this paper is to bridge the gap between the system theoretic modeling techniques of the control engineer and the more physically motivated modeling methods of computational fluid dynamics. The method presented here consists of using: the basic conservation laws (mass, momentum, and energy) to describe the mean flow of glass along the axial direction. Then, a linear state space model is obtained by spatially discretizing and linearizing the nonlinear partial differential equations. The resulting state space model incorporates all the relevant inputs and outputs of the system in a multiple input/multiple-output framework. Furthermore, it lends itself to the application of modern control design techniques. The method is simple to implement since all that is needed is the steady state operating points, which can be computed from computational fluid dynamics simulations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7298-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2002 VL 1-6 BP 4954 EP 4959 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BV44D UT WOS:000178974700864 ER PT B AU Holzrichter, JF Ng, LC AF Holzrichter, JF Ng, LC GP IEEE IEEE TI Speech coding using EM sensor and acoustic signals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE 10TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 2ND SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/2nd IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY OCT 13-16, 2002 CL PINE MT, GA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, Texas Instruments AB Low-power, miniature EM radar-like sensors have made it possible to measure properties of the human speech production system in real-time, without acoustic interference, at low cost. Compression and other applications use an EM sensor measured glottal signal, combined with one or more acoustic signals, to robustly estimate voiced excitation functions, transfer functions, unvoiced speech segments, articulator gestures, and background noise. Applications are speech coding, de-noising, verification, recognition, voice (and music) synthesis, and medical uses. In speech compression, an almost 10-fold bandwidth reduction has been demonstrated, compared to a standard 2.4 kbps LPC 10 protocol. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Holzrichter, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8116-5 PY 2002 BP 35 EP 36 DI 10.1109/DSPWS.2002.1231071 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BX43Y UT WOS:000185284600008 ER PT B AU Rocha, LM AF Rocha, LM GP IEEE IEEE TI Combination of evidence in recommendation systems characterized by distance functions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOL 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Neural Network Soc ID EVIDENCE SETS; FUZZINESS; INTERVAL; NEGATION AB Recommendation systems for different Document Networks (DN) such as the World Wide Web (WWW), Digital Libraries, or Scientific Databases, often make use of distance functions extracted from relationships among documents and between documents and semantic tags. For instance, documents in the WWW are related via a hyperlink network while documents in bibliographic databases are related by citation and collaboration networks. Furthermore, documents can be related to semantic tags such as keywords used to describe their content. The distance functions computed from these relations establish associative networks among items of the DN, and allow recommendation systems to identify relevant associations for individual users. The process of recommendation can be improved by integrating associative data from different sources. Thus we are presented with a problem of combining evidence (about associations between items) from different sources characterized by distance functions. In this paper we summarize our work on (1) inferring associations from semi-metric distance functions and (2) combining evidence from different (distance) associative DN. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Complex Syst Modeling,MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rocha@lanl.gov OI Rocha, Luis/0000-0001-9402-887X NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7280-8 PY 2002 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BU95M UT WOS:000177476600036 ER PT B AU Gonzales-Lujan, J Burnside, RJ Tompkins, GH AF Gonzales-Lujan, J Burnside, RJ Tompkins, GH BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI A simulation study of high power detonator production transition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB Due to changes in production requirements the current facility was no longer adequate. A simulation study was conducted to help quantify the impacts of additional capacity, when that capacity should be brought online, and how to manage production in the interim before the new facility is available. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Technol Modeling & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gonzales-Lujan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Technol Modeling & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 999 EP 1006 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500131 ER PT B AU Franzese, O Joshi, S AF Franzese, O Joshi, S BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI Traffic simulation application to plan real-time distribution routes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB This paper studies the effect of real-time information on optimal routes employed by distribution vehicles that supply goods from distribution c enters to the stores in any retail environment. This methodology uses simulation models to mimic actual traffic conditions as functions of times of the day along the distribution routes to suggest meta-optimal routes over the ones provided by the routing algorithms. This yields optimized routes based on the times of the day in addition to aiding the planner in sequencing the routes to increase driver productivity and decrease operating costs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Franzese, O (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 1214 EP 1218 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500162 ER PT B AU Helm, TM Painter, SW Oakes, WR AF Helm, TM Painter, SW Oakes, WR BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI A comparison of three optimization methods for scheduling maintenance of high cost, long-lived capital assets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB A range of minimization methods exist enabling planners to tackle tough scheduling problems. We compare three scheduling techniques representative of "old" or standard technologies, evolving technologies, and advanced technologies. The problem we address includes the complications of scheduling long-term upgrades and refurbishments essential to maintaining expensive capital assets. We concentrate on the costs of being able to do maintenance work. Using a standard technology as the baseline technique, Constraint Programming (CP) produces a 50-yr maintenance approach that is 31% less costly. Genetic Programming produces an approach that is 60% less costly. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Helm, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 1880 EP 1884 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500258 ER PT B AU Dudenhoeffer, DD Permann, MR Sussman, EM AF Dudenhoeffer, DD Permann, MR Sussman, EM BE Yucesan, E Chen, CH Snowdon, JL Charnes, JM TI A parallel simulation framework for infrastructure modeling and analysis. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sci Modeling & Simulat Int AB Today's society relies greatly upon an array of complex national and international infrastructure networks, such as transportation, utilities, telecommunication, and even financial networks. While modeling and simulation tools have provided insight into the behavior of individual infrastructure networks, a far less understood area is that of the interrelationships between multiple networks. Specifically, how does an event in one network affect the operation of the other networks. This paper presents the work that is being conducted at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) to model and simulate these complex behaviors between coupled infrastructures. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM edd@inel.gov; chafmr@inel.gov; sussmaem@inel.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7614-5 PY 2002 BP 1971 EP 1977 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV90S UT WOS:000180358500272 ER PT B AU Radisky, DC Levy, DD Bissell, MJ AF Radisky, DC Levy, DD Bissell, MJ BE Witz, IP TI Dissecting the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase-induced transformation of mouse mammary epithelial cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT PROGRESSION, THERAPY & PREVENTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Tumor Microenvironment Progression, Therapy and Prevention CY JUN 25-29, 2002 CL BADEN, AUSTRIA ID STROMELYSIN-1; EXPRESSION; MISREGULATION; MORPHOGENESIS; LEADS AB Previous investigations of transgenic mice that express the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) stromelysin-1 (SL-1) in mammary epithelial cells revealed that SL-1 stimulated the development of metaplasia, hyperplasia, and carcinoma; subsequent experiments using cultured mammary epithelial cells showed that SL-1 could induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increased proliferation, and acquisition of malignancy. Currently, we are dissecting the mechanisms by which SL-1 effects these changes, using a combination of inducible MMP constructs and a panel of recombinant MMPs. We have now determined that only a subset of MMPs share the activity of SL-1, and we have begun to dissect the mechanisms involved in the transformation. These investigations provide insight into the integral role of MMPs in the development of breast cancer. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Radisky, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2625-6 PY 2002 BP 141 EP 144 PG 4 WC Oncology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Oncology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA BX05U UT WOS:000184146300020 ER PT S AU Schoenwald, DA Feddema, JT AF Schoenwald, DA Feddema, JT GP IEEE IEEE TI Stability analysis of distributed autonomous vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 41ST IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 10-13, 2002 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci DE mobile robotics; Lyapunov-based control; decentralized control; swarms AB This paper describes how large-scale decentralized control theory may be used to analyze the stability of multiple cooperative robotic vehicles. Models of cooperation are discussed from a decentralized control system point of view. Whereas decentralized control research in the past has concentrated on using decentralized controllers to partition complex physically interconnected systems, this work uses decentralized methods to connect otherwise independent non-touching robotic vehicles so that they behave in a stable, coordinated fashion. A vector Liapunov method is used to prove stability of two examples: the controlled motion of multiple vehicles along a perimeter and the controlled motion of multiple vehicles in a plane. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM daschoe@sandia.gov; jtfedde@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 0-7803-7516-5 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2002 BP 887 EP 892 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BW26E UT WOS:000181352300162 ER PT B AU Chen, J Askers, W Chen, Y Watson, W AF Chen, J Askers, W Chen, Y Watson, W BE Caulfield, HJ Chen, SH Duro, R Honavar, V Kerre, EE Lu, M Romay, MG Shih, TK Ventura, D Wang, PP Yang, YY TI JPARSS: A Java parallel network package for grid computing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH JOINT CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Joint Conference on Information Sciences CY MAR 08-13, 2002 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP Assoc Intelligent Machinery, Informat Sci Journal, Duke Univ, Acad Affairs, Tamkang Univ, N Carolina Biotechnol Ctr, GalxoSmithKline, George Mason Univ AB The emergence of high speed wide area networks makes grid computing a reality. However grid applications that need reliable data transfer still have difficulties to achieve optimal TCP performance due to network tuning of TCP window size to improve bandwidth and to reduce latency on a high speed wide area network. This paper presents a Java package called JPARSS (Java Parallel Secure Stream (Socket)) that divides data into partitions that are sent over several parallel Java streams simultaneously and allows Java or Web applications to achieve optimal TCP performance in a grid environment without the necessity of tuning TCP window size. This package enables single sign-on, certificate delegation and secure or plain-text data transfer using several security components based on X.509 certificate and SSL. Several experiments will be presented to show that using Java parallel streams is more effective than tuning TCP window size. In addition a simple architecture using Web services to facilitate peer to peer and third party file transfer will be presented. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, High Performance Comp Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, High Performance Comp Grp, 12000,Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC INTELLIGENT MACHINERY PI DURHAM PA PO BOX 90291, DURHAM, NC 27708-0291 USA BN 0-9707890-1-7 PY 2002 BP 944 EP 947 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV54W UT WOS:000179331800219 ER PT B AU Cole, EI Tangyunyong, P Hawkins, CF Bruce, MR Bruce, VJ Ring, RM Chong, WL AF Cole, EI Tangyunyong, P Hawkins, CF Bruce, MR Bruce, VJ Ring, RM Chong, WL BE Thong, J Tan, W Chim, WK Lee, KC TI Resistive interconnection localization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE PHYSICAL & FAILURE ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA 2002) CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Reliabil, CPMT, ED Singapore Chapter, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr IC Failure Anal & Reliabil AB Resistive Interconnection Localization (RIL) is a new scanning laser microscope analysis technique that directly and rapidly localizes defective IC vias, contacts, and conductors from the front side and backside. RIL uses a scanned laser to produce localized thermal gradients in IC interconnections during functional testing. A change in the pass/fail state with localized heating of the IC identifies the failing site. The technique reduces the time to locate a resistive via from months to minutes. The sources of defective vias, the physics of RIL signal generation, and examples of RIL analysis are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cole, EI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1081,1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM coleei@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7416-9 PY 2002 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1109/IPFA.2002.1025604 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BV05G UT WOS:000177689400003 ER PT J AU Lee, KO Cole, R Sekar, R Choi, MY Kang, JS Bae, CS Shin, HD AF Lee, KO Cole, R Sekar, R Choi, MY Kang, JS Bae, CS Shin, HD TI Morphological investigation of the microstructure, dimensions, and fractal geometry of diesel particulates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID SOOT FORMATION; FLAMES AB The microstructure, dimensions, and fractal geometry of diesel particulates were investigated through morphological observations. A thermophoretic particle-sampling system was developed to collect diesel particulates directly from the high-temperature exhaust stream of a 75 hp single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine at various engine operating conditions. The morphology of die collected diesel particulates was analyzed using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope and subsequent image processing/data acquisition system. The analysis revealed that spherical primary particles were agglomerated together to form large aggregate clusters at most engine operating conditions. The particles produced at low loading conditions displayed amorphous structures, possibly containing a significant amount of soluble organic fraction, while the soot sampled at high engine load conditions mostly exhibited graphitic structures. Measured primary particle sizes ranged from 34.4 to 28.5 nm at various engine operating conditions. The smaller primary particles observed at high engine load conditions were caused by oxidation at the encountered high temperatures. A number of small and irregularly shaped particles were captured at these conditions, which identified the existence of apparent particle oxidation. Engine-speed-dependent experiments were also performed to investigate the effects of the residence time of soot particles on particle growth. A growth mechanism of diesel particulates was suggested through analyses for fractal. geometry of the cluster particles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Lee, KO (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bae, Choong-sik/C-1562-2011 NR 19 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 8 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 647 EP 653 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80083-9 PN 1 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100079 ER PT J AU Pickett, LM Siebers, DL AF Pickett, LM Siebers, DL TI An investigation of diesel soot formation processes using micro-orifices SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV AB Soot formation processes of diesel fuel jets were investigated in a constant-volume combustion vessel under heavy-duty, direct-injection (DI) diesel engine conditions using orifice diameters as small as 50 mum. Soot was measured with line-of-sight laser extinction and planar laser-induced incandescence techniques, and flame liftoff lengths were determined with time-averaged OH chemiluminescence imaging, Results show that as fuel-air mixing upstream of the liftoff length increases, the amount of soot measured within a fuel jet decreases. When the cross-sectional average equivalence ratio at the liftoff length decreases to a value less than approximately 2, soot is no longer formed within the fuel jet. The soot measurements provide direct proof of the link between soot formation and mixing of fuel and air upstream of the liftoff length previously observed using total soot luminosity measurements. The non-sooting conditions were achieved with the 50 mum micro-orifice at an ambient gas temperature and density, of 1000 K and 14.8 kg/m(3) and ambient oxygen concentrations between 21% and 10%. The temperature and density are typical of DI diesel in-cylinder conditions. The lack of soot for the lower oxygen concentration conditions, which have substantially lower flame temperatures, suggests that NOx and soot can potentially be simultaneously reduced with small orifices and exhaust-gas recirculation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pickett, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 655 EP 662 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80084-0 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100080 ER PT J AU Flowers, DL Aceves, SM Martinez-Frias, J Dibble, RW AF Flowers, DL Aceves, SM Martinez-Frias, J Dibble, RW TI Prediction of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions in iso-octane HCCI engine combustion using multizone simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV AB Homogeneous charge compression ignitions (HCCI) engines show promise as an alternative to Diesel engines, yet research remains; development of practical HCCI engines will be aided greatly by accurate modeling tools. A novel detailed chemical kinetic model that incorporates information from a computational fluid mechanics code has been developed to simulate HCCI combustion. This model very accurately predicts many aspects of the HCCI combustion process. High-resolution computational grids can be used for the fluid mechanics portion of the simulation, but the chemical kinetics portion of the simulation can be reduced to a handful of computational zones. (For all previous work, 10 zones have been used.) While, overall, this model has demonstrated a very good predictive capability for HCCI combustion, previous simulations using this model have tended to underpredict carbon monoxide emissions by an order of magnitude. A factor in the underprediction of carbon monoxide may be that all previous simulations have been conducted with 10 chemical kinetic zones. The chemistry that results in carbon monoxide emissions is very sensitive to small changes in temperature within the engine. The resolution in temperature is determined directly by the number of zones. This paper investigates how the number of zones (i.e., temperature resolution) affects the model's prediction of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions in an HCCI engine. Simulations with 10, 20, and 40 chemical kinetic zones have been conducted using a detailed chemical kinetic: mechanism (859 species, 3606 reactions) to simulate an iso-octane-fueled HCCI engine. The results show that 10 zones are adequate to resolve the hydrocarbon emissions, but a greater number of zones is required to resolve carbon monoxide emissions. Results are also presented that explore spatial sources of the exhaust emissions within the HCCI engine combustion chamber. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Flowers, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80088-8 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100084 ER PT J AU Miles, PC Megerle, M Nagel, Z Reitz, RD Sick, V AF Miles, PC Megerle, M Nagel, Z Reitz, RD Sick, V TI Measurements and modeling of Reynolds stress and turbulence production in a swirl-supported, direct-injection diesel engine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV AB Measured and numerically predicted components of the mean rate-of-strain tensor and the Reynolds stress are examined and compared to elucidate the source and scrutinize the modeling of late-cycle turbulence production in swirl-supported, direct-injection diesel engines. The experiments are performed with combustion in the engine inhibited, to eliminate the complicating influence of heat release on turbulence generation and to reduce the problem to one more closely approximating constant-density turbulence. Both the measurements and the calculations indicate that the primary influence of the mean flow swirl on turbulence production is confined to two separate periods: (1) shortly after the end of injection and (2) in the late-cycle period, when large positive levels of are observed. Formation of the positive Reynolds stress coincides with the development of a negative radial gradient in mean angular momentum, indicating an unstable mean flow field. At this time, the measured velocity fluctuations show a large increase, approximately doubling in magnitude compared to fluctuations measured without fuel injection. Predicted velocity fluctuations, obtained via k-epsilon turbulence modeling, show a similar late-cycle increase, although the magnitude of the increase is not quantitatively captured. To evaluate its applicability during the period in which the unstable, negative radial gradient in angular momentum is present, the isotropic eddy viscosity hypothesis is examined. The Reynolds stress estimated from the measured using the eddy viscosity hypothesis is found to mimic the measured stress with reasonable accuracy, and the measured and calculated r-theta plane turbulence production terms are shown to have excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement. The quantitative agreement, however, appears largely providential, as the measured and predicted values of differ by a factor of 2. This discrepancy is compensated for by the underpredicted turbulent kinetic energy and seemingly high values of the dissipation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Engine Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Miles, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Sick, Volker/A-3987-2008 OI Sick, Volker/0000-0001-5756-9714 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 719 EP 726 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80092-X PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100088 ER PT J AU Han, D Steeper, RR AF Han, D Steeper, RR TI An LIF equivalence ratio imaging technique for multicomponent fuels in an IC engine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ACETONE; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCES; 3-PENTANONE; COMBUSTION; PRESSURE AB A method for identifying fuel/tracer mixtures suitable for laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of in-cylinder equivalence ratios is presented. The concentrations of multiple LIF tracers are adjusted so that the total vapor-phase fluorescence is proportional to the instantaneous mass evaporation rate. In this way, LIF image intensities are proportional to local fuel mass, which in turn can be converted into local fuel equivalence ratios. Uncertainty generated by pressure and temperature dependencies of ketone tracers is assessed. A two-fuel-component mixture developed with the method is used to measure two-dimensional fuel equivalence ratios in an optically accessible direct-injection spark-ignition engine. Results are compared with the equivalence ratio distribution of a mixture with a single fuel component. it is found that the effect of fuel volatility on the equivalence ratio distribution at the time of spark becomes more distinct as the start-of-injection timing is retarded. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Han, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80093-1 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100089 ER PT J AU Schefer, RW Wicksall, DM Agrawal, AK AF Schefer, RW Wicksall, DM Agrawal, AK TI Combustion of hydrogen-enriched methane in a lean premixed swirl-stabilized burner SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID NATURAL-GAS; EFFICIENCY; EMISSIONS; ENGINE; FLAMES AB The combustion characteristics of a premixed, swirl-stabilized flame were studied to determine the effects of enriching methane with hydrogen under fuel-lean conditions. The burner consisted of a center-body with an annular, premixed fuel-air jet. Swirl was introduced to the flow using 45-degree swirl vanes. The combustion occurred within an air-cooled quartz chamber at atmospheric pressure. Flame stability and blowout maps were obtained for different amounts of hydrogen addition at several fuel-air flow rates. Gas probe measurements were obtained to demonstrate reductions in GO concentration with hydrogen addition, without adversely affecting the NOx emissions. The flame structure near the lean stability limit was described by direct luminous photographs and planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements of the OH radical. Results show that the addition of a moderate amount of hydrogen to the methane/air mixture increased the peak OH concentration. Hydrogen addition resulted in a significant change in the flame structure, indicated by a shorter and more robust appearing flame. The observed trends concur with the strained opposed premixed flame analysis using RUN-1DL. The computations revealed that enriching the methane with hydrogen increased the strain resistance of the flame as well as the OH levels in the flame. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Schefer, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Agrawal, Ajay/B-5304-2010; Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 18 TC 150 Z9 152 U1 10 U2 32 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 843 EP 851 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80108-0 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100104 ER PT J AU Littlejohn, D Majeski, AJ Tonse, S Castaldini, C Cheng, RK AF Littlejohn, D Majeski, AJ Tonse, S Castaldini, C Cheng, RK TI Laboratory investigation of an ultralow NOx premixed combustion concept for industrial boilers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID LOW-SWIRL BURNER; FLAMES; EMISSIONS; VELOCITY; FLOWS AB A combustion concept to achieve ultralow emissions (NOx less than or equal to 2 ppm and CO less than or equal to 20 ppm) was tested on a IS kW low-swirl burner (LSB). It is based on lean premixed combustion combined with flue gas recirculation (FGR) and partially reformed natural gas (PRNG). Flame stability and emissions were assessed, as a function of phi, FGR, and PRNG. The results show that PRNG improves flame stability and reduces CO, with no impact on NOx at phi = 0.8. A one-dimensional flame simulation satisfactorily predicted prompt NOx under lean conditions with high FGR. Two catalysts were tested in a prototype steam reformer, and the results were used to estimate reactor volume and steam requirements in a practical system. An advanced Sud Chemie catalyst displayed good conversion efficiency at relatively low temperatures and high space velocities, which indicates that the reformer can be small and will track load changes. Tests conducted on the LSB with FGR and 0.05 PRNG show that boilers using a LSB with PRNG and high FGR and phi close to stoichiometry can operate with low emissions and high efficiency. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CMC Engn, Sunnyvale, CA 94087 USA. RP Littlejohn, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1115 EP 1121 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80141-9 PN 1 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100137 ER PT J AU Dally, BB Karpetis, AN Barlow, RS AF Dally, BB Karpetis, AN Barlow, RS TI Structure of turbulent non-premixed jet flames in a diluted hot coflow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID NONPREMIXED FLAMES; OXIDATION; METHANE AB Moderate and intense low oxygen dilution combustion is a newly implemented and developed concept to achieve high thermal efficiency and fuel savings while maintaining emission of pollutants at very low levels. It utilizes the concept of heat and exhaust gas recirculation to achieve combustion at a reduced temperature, a flat thermal field, and low turbulence fluctuations. An experimental burner is used in this study to simulate the heat and exhaust gas recirculation applied to a simple jet in a hot coflow. Temporally and spatially resolved measurements of reactive scalars are conducted on three different turbulent non-premixed flames of a H-2/CH4 fuel mixture at a fixed-jet Reynolds number and different oxygen levels in the hot oxidant stream. The data were collected using the single-point Raman-Rayleigh-laser-induced fluorescence technique. The results show substantial variation in the flame structure and appearance with the decrease of the oxygen level. By reducing the oxygen level in the hot coflow, the flame becomes less luminous, the temperature increase in the reaction zone can get as low as 100 K, and the levels of CO and OH are substantially lowered. The levels of NO also decrease with decreasing the oxygen levels, and at 3% by mass, it is less that 5 ppm. For this case, a widely distributed NO profile is found which is not consistent with profiles for other oxygen levels. C1 Univ Adelaide, Dept Mech Engn, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dally, BB (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Dept Mech Engn, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. OI Dally, Bassam/0000-0001-9777-0885 NR 12 TC 128 Z9 134 U1 8 U2 33 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1147 EP 1154 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80145-6 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100141 ER PT J AU Wagner, AF AF Wagner, AF TI The challenges of combustion for chemical theory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; THERMAL UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; RECOMBINATION REACTION CH3+CH3->C2H6; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; MULTIREFERENCE CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; METHYL RADICAL RECOMBINATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; COLLISION RATE CONSTANTS; ABSOLUTE RATE-CONSTANT; FALL-OFF RANGE AB A variety of studies drawn from the thermochemistry and kinetics of combustion are used to assess both recent advances and continuing challenges in theoretical chemistry. In all studies examined, the underlying molecular interactions as expressed by the potential energy surface are emphasized. In thermochemistry, very high level calculations on H2O and OH show the absolute limits of accuracy (0.1-0.2 kcal/mol) that can be currently achieved by ab initio techniques. On the other hand, high-level semiempirical G(n) calculations, whose parameters are specifically turned to only a few members of a family of molecules, can in some circumstances achieve errors only a few times larger for a long sequence of family members. In reaction kinetics, for reactions with barriers, the tuning of high-level semiempirical theories to the barriers of reaction families are just beginning and several successes and failures will be discussed. For barrierless recombination reactions, detailed theoretical studies of six reactions (CH3 + CH3, H + CH3, H + C2H3, H + C2H5, H + C3H3, and H + NO2) during the past few years are compared with each other and with experiment. The residual disagreements are driving more detailed analysis of the limitations of theoretical and experimental techniques. The recent experimental/theoretical efforts on a seventh reaction (CH3 + O) confirm that, for a variety of addition-elimination reactions, substantial amounts of reaction products can not be described in terms of reaction paths. This discovery and its implications are discussed. In inelastic, collisional energy transfer kinetics, recent experimental and theoretical studies on H + O-2 recombination with H2O as the bath gas emphasize the importance of electrostatic interactions in enhancing collisional energy transfer with the bath gas. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wagner, AF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 152 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1173 EP 1200 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80148-1 PN 1 PG 28 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100144 ER PT J AU Klippenstein, SJ Miller, JA Harding, LB AF Klippenstein, SJ Miller, JA Harding, LB TI Resolving the mystery of prompt CO2: The HCCO+O-2 reaction SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID PLUS NO REACTION; BRANCHING RATIO; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; RATE COEFFICIENT; PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION; ELECTRONIC STATES; COUPLED-CLUSTER; ATOMIC OXYGEN; RATE-CONSTANT; NITRIC-OXIDE AB The potential energy surface for the reaction of the ketenyl radical (HCCO) with O-2 is characterized with a combination of density functional, Moller Plesset perturbation and coupled cluster theories. Trajectory simulations, employing directly determined density functional force fields, are used to explore the mechanism further. Variational transition state theory based master equation simulations, implementing the quantum chemically determined molecular properties, provide estimated product state distributions and rate constants. For all temperatures considered here (300-2500 K), the dominant products are CO2 + CO + H independent of pressure up to 100 atm, thereby explaining the coincident formation of CO2 and CO in the oxidation of acetylene. These products arise primarily from the decomposition of the initial OOCHCO adduct via the formation of a four-membered OCCO ring, followed by, in succession, the splitting of the OO, the CC, and the CH bonds. At low temperatures, the modest barrier in the entrance channel, which arises from the need to break the resonances in the reactants prior to bond formation, provides the rate-limiting transition state. A variational treatment of this transition state reduces the calculated rate coefficient relative to conventional transition state theory by similar to35%. At higher temperatures, the formation of the four-membered ring becomes a rate-limiting step, even though this process is essentially barrierless. An OCHCO + 0 channel becomes increasingly important with increasing temperature, but still contributes only about 10% at 2500 K. The direct dynamics simulations indicate that various H transfers may occur during the final dissociation steps, primarily to yield CO + CO + OH with an overall branching ratio of about 9%. A downward adjustment by 3.2 kcal/mol of the HCCO + 02 entrance barrier results in total rate coefficients that are in good agreement with experiment. The predicted channel-specific rate coefficients are then 7.94 X 10(-12) T-0.142 exp(-1150/RT)(CO2 + CO + H), 3.62 X 10(-22) T-2.69 exp(-3541/RT)(OCHCO + O), and 3.17 X 10(-13) T-0.020 exp(-1023/RT)(CO + CO + OH) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), where R = 1.987 cal mol(-1) K-1. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klippenstein, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 42 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1209 EP 1217 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80150-X PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100146 ER PT J AU Su, MC Michael, JV AF Su, MC Michael, JV TI C2D5I dissociation and D+CH3 -> CH2D+H at high temperature: Implications to the high-pressure rate constant for CH4 dissociation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID SHOCK-TUBE TECHNIQUE; PHOTOLYSIS; FLASH; STATE; H-2 AB The shock tube technique with H- and D-atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometry detection has been used to study the thermal decomposition Of C2D5I and the reaction, (1) CH3 + D --> CH2D + H over the temperature ranges 924-1370 and 1294-1753 K, respectively. First-order rate constants for the thermal decomposition of C2D5I can be expressed by the Arrhenius equation, logk(C2D5I) = (10.397 +/- 0.297) - (7700 +/- 334 K)/T, giving k(C2D5I) = 2.49 X 10(10) exp(-17,729 K/T) s(-1). The branching ratio between product channels, C2D5 + I and C2D4 + DI, was also determined. These results coupled with the fast decomposition of C2D5 radicals were then used to specify [D](t) in subsequent kinetics experiments with CH3 where [CH3](0) was prepared from the concurrent thermal decomposition of CH3I. Within experimental error, the rate constants for reaction I were found to be temperature independent with k(1) = (2.20 +/- 0.22) X 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The present data have been combined with earlier lower temperature determinations and the joint database has been examined with unimolecular rate theory The implications of the present study can be generalized to supply a reliable value for the high-pressure limiting rate constant for methane dissociation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Su, MC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1219 EP 1227 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80151-1 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100147 ER PT J AU Klippenstein, SJ Georgievskii, Y Harding, LB AF Klippenstein, SJ Georgievskii, Y Harding, LB TI A theoretical analysis of the CH3+Hreaction: Isotope effects, the high-pressure limit, and transition state recrossing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; THERMAL RATE-CONSTANT; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; RECOMBINATION; METHANE; ATOMS; DEPENDENCE AB The reaction of methyl radicals with hydrogen atoms is studied with a combination of ab initio quantum chemistry, variational transition state theory, and classical trajectory simulations. The interaction between the two radicals, including the umbrella mode of the methyl radical, is examined at the CAS + 1 + 2 level using an augmented correlation consistent polarized valence triple zeta basis set. The implementation of an analytic representation of the ab initio data within variable reaction coordinate transition state theory yields predictions for the zero-pressure limit isotopic exchange rate constants that are about 15% greater than the available experimental data. Trajectory simulations indicate that the transition state recrossing factor for the capture process is 0.90, essentially independent of temperature and isotope. The dynamically corrected theoretical prediction for the CH3 + H high-pressure rate coefficient is well reproduced by the expression 1.32 X 10(-10)T(0.153) exp(-15.1/RT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), where R = 1.987 cal mol(-1) K-1,for temperatures between 200 and 2400 K. This prediction is in good agreement with the converted experimental data for all but the one measurement at 200 K. Calculations for the triplet abstraction channel suggest that it is unimportant. Methyl umbrella mode variations have surprisingly little effect on the predicted rate coefficients. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klippenstein, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 14 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1229 EP 1236 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80152-3 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100148 ER PT J AU Tranter, RS Ramamoorthy, H Raman, A Brezinsky, K Allendore, MD AF Tranter, RS Ramamoorthy, H Raman, A Brezinsky, K Allendore, MD TI High-pressure single-pulse shock tube investigation of rich and stoichiometric ethane oxidation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID IGNITION; MIXTURES; METHANE; TEMPERATURES; REACTOR AB A high-pressure, single-pulse shock tube was used to study the oxidation of ethane/oxygen mixtures, phi = 1 and phi = 5, between 1000 and 1400 K at reaction pressures of 40 bar. Gas chromatographic techniques were used to quantify the major stable species formed in the reactions. The experimental data were simulated using two models for ethane combustion that bad previously been tested against very high pressure (300-600 bar) oxidation and pyrolysis experimental data obtained in the same apparatus. Good agreement with the stoichiometric data was obtained; however, neither model was capable of simulating the phi = 5 data. Several modifications to one of the models were made, and these modifications are discussed. The final version of the model provides much more accurate predictions of the experimental data and forms the first step in developing a comprehensive model for ethane oxidation that has been tested against experimental data covering a pressure range from 1 to 600 bar. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tranter, RS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1267 EP 1275 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80156-0 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100152 ER PT J AU Westbrook, CK Pitz, WJ Boercker, JE Curran, HJ Griffiths, JF Mohamed, C Ribaucour, M AF Westbrook, CK Pitz, WJ Boercker, JE Curran, HJ Griffiths, JF Mohamed, C Ribaucour, M TI Detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms for autoignition of isomers of heptane under rapid compression SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID TEMPERATURE-FIELDS; OXIDATION; IGNITION; COMBUSTION; MACHINE AB Detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms are developed for combustion of all nine isomers of heptane (C7H16), and these mechanisms are tested by simulating autoignition of each isomer under rapid compression machine conditions. The reaction mechanisms focus on the manner in which the molecular structure of each isomer determines the rates and product distributions of possible classes of reactions. The reaction pathways emphasize the importance of alkylperoxy radical isomerizations and addition reactions of molecular oxygen to alkyl and hydroperoxyalkyl radicals. A new reaction group has been added to past models, in which hydroperoxyalkyl radicals that originated with abstraction of an H atom from a tertiary site in the parent heptane molecule are assigned new reaction sequences involving additional internal H atom abstractions not previously allowed. This process accelerates autoignition in fuels with tertiary C-H bonds in the parent fuel. In addition, the rates of hydroperoxyalkylperoxy radical isomerization. reactions have all been reduced so that they are now equal to rates of analogous alkylperoxy radical isomerizations, significantly improving agreement between computed and experimental ignition delaytimes in the rapid compression machine. Computed ignition delay times agree well with experimental results in the few cases where experiments have been carried out for specific heptane isomers, and predictive model calculations are reported for the remaining isomers. The computed results fall into three general groups: the first consists of the most reactive isomers, including n-heptane, 2-methyl hexane, and 3-methyl hexane. The second group consists of the least reactive isomers, including 2,2-dimethyl pentane, 3,3-dimethyl pentane, 2,3-dimethyl pentane, 2,4-dimethyl pentane, and 2,2,3-trimethyl butane. The remaining isomer, 3-ethyl pentane, was observed computationally to have an intermediate level of reactivity. These observations are generally consistent with knocking tendencies of these isomers, as measured by octane ratings, although the correlations are only approximate. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Galway Mayo Inst, Galway, Ireland. Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Westbrook, CK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Curran, Henry/0000-0002-5124-8562 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1311 EP 1318 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80161-4 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KK UT WOS:000182866100157 ER PT J AU Dong, YF Vagelopoulos, CM Spedding, GR Egolfopoulos, FN AF Dong, YF Vagelopoulos, CM Spedding, GR Egolfopoulos, FN TI Measurement of laminar flame speeds through digital particle image velocimetry: Mixtures of methane and ethane with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and helium SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID PREMIXED FLAMES; PROPAGATION; EXTINCTION; VELOCITY; FLOWS AB A digital particle image velocimetry technique that is appropriate for the experimental derivation of fundamental flame properties was implemented. The technique allows for the determination of the instantaneous flowfield and is essential for fluid mechanics measurements in reduced gravity environments. Measurements of laminar flame speeds were conducted in the stagnation flow configuration just before a flame undergoes a transition from planar to Bunsen flame. Results obtained for lean CH4/air and C2H6/air flames were found to be in close agreement with previous laser Doppler velocimetry data. Subsequently, measurements were conducted for the CH4 and C2H6 flames by independently varying the equivalence ratio and flame temperature to distinguish between temperature and concentration effects. The laminar flame speeds were also calculated using the GRI-Mech 3.0 mechanism. It was convincingly shown that under high-O-2 and low-temperature conditions, the experimental laminar speeds are overpredicted by the simulations especially for C2H6 flames. Additional experiments were conducted by adding H-2 to lean C2H6/air flames and by diluting those mixtures by either He or N-2 to vary the flame temperature. While for the He dilution case, the predictions noticeably overpredict the experiments, for N-2 dilution, closer agreement was observed. Analyses of the flame structures revealed that for those fuel-lean flames, the burning rate largely depends on the competition of the two-body branching and three-body termination reaction between H and O-2. It was not possible to point to possible kinetic deficiencies other than referring to uncertainties associated with the rates and collision efficiencies of three-body reactions. The high-O-2 low-temperature region is of interest not only to lean-premixed combustion, but also to flame ignition, and requires further exploration. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Aeronaut & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dong, YF (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aeronaut & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Spedding, Geoffrey/A-1860-2010 OI Spedding, Geoffrey/0000-0003-3033-7897 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 20 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1419 EP 1426 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80174-2 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500001 ER PT J AU Phuoc, TX White, FP AF Phuoc, TX White, FP TI An optical and spectroscopic study of laser-induced sparks to determine available ignition energy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID AIR; FLAME; MIXTURES; WAVES AB This work conducts an optical and spectroscopic study of laser-induced sparks created in air. It is aimed at determining the minimum ignition energy associated with laser spark ignition. Gas breakdown was produced using a single-mode, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. It produced a 0.6 cm diameter beam at a wavelength of 1064 run with a 5.5 ns pulse duration. The beam deflection and the absolute two-line intensity ratio techniques were used for measuring the spark expansion and temperature. The results were used to determine the shock propagation energy, the radiation energy losses, and the energy of the hot gas that is left over after the shock has been propagated away. With spark energies ranging from 15 to 50 mJ, we found that the shock energy was from approximately 70% to 51%, the radiation energy losses were from 22% to 34%, and the energy of the remaining hot gas was about 7% to 8% of the spark total energy. As far as ignition is concerned, the shock propagation and the radiation energies are wasted. The energy of the hot gas is the energy source that causes ignition. Thus, within the limits of error of the present measurements and calculations, the ignition energy obtained by the laser spark ignition does not differ greatly from that obtained by the electric spark ignition as has been reported. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Phuoc, TX (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940,MS 84-340, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1621 EP 1628 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80199-7 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500026 ER PT J AU Mason, SD Chen, JH Im, HG AF Mason, SD Chen, JH Im, HG TI Effects of unsteady scalar dissipation rate on ignition of non-premixed hydrogen/air mixtures in counterflow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID HEATED AIR; EXTINCTION; CHEMISTRY; METHANE AB As a step toward understanding the effects of a turbulent environment on ignition delay, the effect of impulsive strain forcing on the autoignition of non-premixed hydrogen/air mixtures is studied numerically using a one-dimensional unsteady opposed-flow code with detailed chemistry. The sensitivity of ignition kernel growth to changes in the scalar dissipation rate during the ignition process is studied at conditions in the second and third ignition limits. The sensitivity of the kernel growth is quantified by examining the time evolution of key radical species as well as their reaction and flow flux balances over a range of impulse amplitudes and times. Results show that transient ignition in both the second and the third limits is sensitive to changes in scalar dissipation rate. Increases in ignition delay of as much as five times are observed, depending upon the impulsive forcing amplitude and timing. For a given impulse amplitude, kernels that have accumulated more radicals at a given time during induction are found to ignite much sooner, indicating that the time history of the kernel radical pool relative to the impulse time is important. Furthermore, kernels are found to be able to survive excursions in the scalar dissipation rate to values that far exceed the steady ignition state. The increase in ignition delay in both limits is attributed to a shorter residence time of radicals in the kernel as measured by an instantaneous Damkohler number. A new ignition criterion based on the instantaneous Damkohler is found to be an accurate measure of predicting the ignitability under highly transient conditions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Engn Mech, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Mason, SD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Im, Hong/J-4317-2012 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1629 EP 1636 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80200-0 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500027 ER PT J AU Najm, HN Knio, OM Paul, PH AF Najm, HN Knio, OM Paul, PH TI Role of transport properties in the transient response of premixed methane/air flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID SEMIIMPLICIT NUMERICAL SCHEME; UNSTEADY STRAIN-RATE; REACTING FLOW; CHEMISTRY; CURVATURE; STIFF AB We compute the detailed interaction of a premixed methane/air flame with a two-dimensional counter-rotating vortex pair using mixture-averaged transport properties for stoichiometric and rich N-2-diluted reactants. We present comparisons of the observed flame structure and transient flame response with results using temperature-tabulated properties, where dependence on mixture composition is neglected. We find that the significance of using the more accurate transport model depends on the particular aspect of transient flame response under consideration. While the effect on global flame response is generally small, we do observe quantitative differences of as much as 30%-45% in the extent of transient accumulation of some species on the reactants side of the flame. On the other hand, no significant qualitative differences are observed in the transient flame response. We examine and discuss these observations with regard to available experimental data in a premised methanie/air V-flame under the same mixture conditions as the computations and with similar flow-flame evolution. We find that the earlier-reported disagreements between computed and experimentally observed transient OH and CH responses are not much improved with the use of the more accurate mixture-averaged transport. This suggests that the root of the disagreement is not the transport model but the chemical mechanism and/or rate constants therein. Further work is needed to identify necessary improvements in the mechanism to achieve better agreement with the experiments. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eksigent Technol LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Najm, HN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Knio, Omar/A-3318-2010 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1713 EP 1720 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80210-3 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500037 ER PT J AU Vagelopoulos, CM Frank, JH AF Vagelopoulos, CM Frank, JH TI Effects of flow and chemistry on OH levels in premixed flame-vortex interactions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID RING AB The transient response of OH during laminar flame-vortex interactions is studied experimentally for premixed CH4-air flames. Quantitative measurements of OH laser-induced fluorescence are performed for this purpose. The effect of flow geometry is investigated by comparing a line-vortex/V-flame interaction and a toroidal-vortex/counterflow-flame interaction. At an equivalence ratio of Phi = 1.2, a N-2-diluted V-flame exhibits an abrupt increase in peak OH signal. This increase is not observed in the axisymmetric configuration for comparable flame chemistry and vortex size. The two-dimensional flame surface contour, as traced by the peak OH signal, is also topologically matched for the two geometries. Under richer conditions, an increase in OH is observed during toroidal vortex-counterflow-flame interactions. The distribution and temporal evolution of excess OH along the vortex contour are quite different for the two geometries. Results suggest a strong coupling between chemistry and flame stretch. Distributions of stretch along the vortex contour differ for the two geometries. The effect of chemistry is investigated for lean and rich conditions. An undiluted rich flame (Phi = 1.4) is compared with a diluted rich flame (Phi = 1.3, 10% N-2 dilution) with similar adiabatic flame temperature and laminar flame speed. Under the richest conditions (Phi = 1.4), an OH increase is observed for undiluted flames, indicating that the mechanism for increasing OH during a flow transient is present even without high levels of N-2 dilution. An undiluted lean flame (Phi = 0.6) is compared with a diluted rich flame (Phi = 1.2, 25% N-2 dilution) with similar laminar flame speed. For the lean flame, the counterflow flame-vortex interaction exhibits a decrease in the peak OH signal, which is consistent with previous studies of both V-flames and freely propagating axisymmetric flames. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vagelopoulos, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1721 EP 1728 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80211-5 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500038 ER PT J AU Kerstein, AR AF Kerstein, AR TI Turbulence in combustion processes: Modeling challenges SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CONDITIONAL MOMENT CLOSURE; PREMIXED FLAMES; HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; SCALAR DISSIPATION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; REACTIVE FLOWS; GAS-EXPANSION; PROPAGATION AB The interaction of turbulent fluid motion with molecular transport and reaction processes in combustion systems encompasses a Aide variety of phenomena and process couplings. Modeling efforts to date have achieved considerable success by focusing on the most important couplings as progressively more challenging problems are addressed. Further progress will require additional focus on turbulence effects that are presently either poorly understood or not represented adequately by available models. In this review, some attributes of turbulence that are relevant to combustion processes are described, applicable modeling approaches are noted, and implications for the development of improved predictive capabilities are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kerstein, AR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1763 EP 1773 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80214-0 PN 2 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500041 ER PT J AU Shepherd, IG Cheng, RK Plessing, T Kortschik, C Peters, N AF Shepherd, IG Cheng, RK Plessing, T Kortschik, C Peters, N TI Premixed flame front structure in intense turbulence SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV AB Six methane/air flames of equivalence ratio 0.7, Ka = 1-17 stabilized on a intense turbulence low-swirl burner of were investigated by Rayleigh laser sheet measurements of the gas density within the preheat zone (approximately 400-1000 K). Lean premixed turbulent flames with Karlovitz numbers, Ka, greater than unity are becoming of increasing practical importance but only limited detailed experimental data are available. This regime is often called the distributed reaction zone and a new approach to analyzing flame front broadening was developed to address issues of flame three dimensionality Instantaneous progress variable, c, contour sets constitute the basic data and a statistical analysis of three aspects of this data are presented: (1) c contour spacing, (2) flame front curvature, and (3) flame surface density. A detailed investigation revealed little change of these parameters with turbulence, even at the highest Ka numbers: the contour spacings were similar to those derived from laminar flame calculations and neither the flame front curvature nor the flame surface density varied significantly with c. Geometric effects of turbulence on flame front structure still predominate at these turbulence levels. The primary effect of increasing turbulence is increasingly to convolute the flame front and so increase the flame surface density, reduce the scalar length scales, and increase the burning rate. This finding is also reflected in the significant broadening of the flame front curvature distributions with increasing mu'/S-L. The data presented here indicate that the diagrams often used to delimit the various regimes of premixed turbulent combustion and hence guide modeling are based on parameters which need to be carefully investigated to determine their appropriateness. The results are consistent with an interpretation of combustion/turbulence interactions which sees the reaction zone thickness as the significant scalar length scale. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Energy Technol Dept, EETD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Tech Mech, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. RP Shepherd, IG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Energy Technol Dept, EETD, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 10 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1833 EP 1840 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80222-X PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500049 ER PT J AU Cabra, R Myhrvold, T Chen, JY Dibble, RW Karpetis, AN Barlow, RS AF Cabra, R Myhrvold, T Chen, JY Dibble, RW Karpetis, AN Barlow, RS TI Simultaneous laser Raman-Rayleigh-Lif measurements and numerical modeling results of a lifted turbulent H-2/N-2 jet flame in a vitiated coflow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID DIFFUSION FLAME; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; TEMPERATURE; METHANE/AIR; COMBUSTION; NO AB An experimental and numerical investigation is presented of a lifted turbulent H-2/N-2 jet flame in a coflow of hot, vitiated gases. The vitiated coflow burner emulates the coupling of turbulent mixing and chemical kinetics exemplary of the reacting flow in the recirculation region of advanced combustors. It also simplifies numerical investigation of this coupled problem by removing the complexity of recirculating How. Scalar measurements are reported for a lifted turbulent jet flame of H-2/N-2 (Re = 23,600, H/d = 10) in a coflow of hot combustion products from a lean H-2/Air flame (phi = 0.25, T = 1045 K). The combination of Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, and laser-induced fluorescence is used to obtain simultaneous measurements of temperature and concentrations of the major species, OH, and NO. The data attest to the success of the experimental design in providing a uniform vitiated coflow throughout the entire test region. Two combustion models (joint scalar probability density function and eddy dissipation concept) are used in conjunction with various turbulence models to predict the liftoff height (H-PDF/d = 7, H-EDC/d = 8.5). Kalghatgi's classic phenomenological theory, which is based on scaling arguments, yields a reasonably accurate prediction (H-K/d = 11.4) of the liftoff height for the present flame. The vitiated coflow admits the possibility of autoignition of mixed fluid, and the success of the present parabolic implementation of the PDF model in predicting a stable lifted flame is attributable to such ignition. The measurements indicate a thickened turbulent reaction zone at the flame base. Experimental results and numerical investigations support the plausibility of turbulent premixed flame propagation by small-scale (on the order of the flame thickness) recirculation and mixing of hot products into reactants and subsequent rapid ignition of the mixture. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Myhrvold, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 151 Z9 159 U1 7 U2 36 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1881 EP 1888 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80228-0 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500055 ER PT J AU Kalt, PAM Al-Abdeli, YM Masri, AR Barlow, RS AF Kalt, PAM Al-Abdeli, YM Masri, AR Barlow, RS TI Swirling turbulent non-premixed flames of methane: Flow field and compositional structure SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID RAYLEIGH-LIF MEASUREMENTS; JET DIFFUSION FLAME; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; COMBUSTION AB This paper introduces a new swirl burner which has simple, well-defined boundary conditions and which stabilizes complex, turbulent, unconfined flames that are not unlike those found in practical combustors. Two flames with identical swirl numbers but differing bulk jet velocities (U) over bar (j) are selected for further investigations. Flow field measurements reveal that a second recirculation zone may exist on the centerline of the flames further downstream of the primary recirculation zone. This is attributed to vortex breakdown. The measurements also show the presence of highly rotating collar-like flow features present between the primary and secondary recirculation zones. These regions of the flow are characterized by high tangential shear stresses (u'w'). The compositional structures of these methane flames are measured using the simultaneous Raman-Rayleigh laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. The LIF technique is used to measure concentrations of OH, CO, and NO. Results are presented as scatter plots and radial Favre mean profiles of temperature, mixing, and composition fields. As the fuel jet velocity increases and the flame approaches blowoff, a higher proportion of fluid samples shifts away from fully burned conditions and closer to a mixing asymptote. An interesting feature of these flames is that these locally extinguished samples originate mostly from regions of the flow near the high-shear, collar-like region, which is not found in similar bluff-body flames. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech & Mechatron Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94720 USA. RP Kalt, PAM (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Aerosp Mech & Mechatron Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. OI Al-Abdeli, Yasir/0000-0001-5672-9448 NR 23 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 12 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1913 EP 1919 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80232-2 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500059 ER PT J AU Karpetis, AN Barlow, RS AF Karpetis, AN Barlow, RS TI Measurements of scalar dissipation in a turbulent piloted methane/air jet flame SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; COMBUSTION; HYDROGEN; CHEMISTRY; FRACTION; SHUTTER AB This paper describes the first results from a new experimental facility that combines line-imaging measurements of Raman scattering, Rayleigh scattering, and laser-induced CO fluorescence. Simultaneous single-shot line measurements of major species, temperature, mixture fraction, and the radial component of scalar dissipation are obtained in partially premixed methane/air jet flames (25% CH4, 75% air, by volume). The experimental setup and methods of data analysis are described. Results from a laminar jet flame and a piloted turbulent flame (Sandia flame D) are presented. The laminar and turbulent flames both show a local minimum in the average scalar dissipation near the stoichiometric mixture fraction. In the turbulent flame, the radial component of the instantaneous scalar dissipation near the stoichiometric condition displays a log-normal distribution at high values and an exponential distribution at low values. This is attributed to variation in the orientation of the three-dimensional mixture fraction gradient relative to the one-dimensional measurement. The effect of scalar dissipation on flame structure is examined, based on average species mass fractions doubly conditioned upon mixture fraction and scalar dissipation. The length scale of fluctuations in mixture fraction in the turbulent reaction zone is derived from the measured single-shot radial profiles at each streamwise location. This macro length scale is well resolved by the present methods, shows correlation over radial distances of a few millimeters, and grows with streamwise distance as the jet flame spreads. The length scale for fluctuations in scalar dissipation is less than I mm at each of the measured streamwise locations in the turbulent flame. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Karpetis, AN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 8 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1929 EP 1936 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80234-6 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500061 ER PT J AU Bell, JB Day, MS Grcar, JF AF Bell, JB Day, MS Grcar, JF TI Numerical simulation of premixed turbulent methane combustion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID ADAPTIVE PROJECTION METHOD; VORTEX-FLAME INTERACTIONS; COMPLEX CHEMISTRY; AIR FLAMES; UNSTEADY; FLOWS; OBSERVABLES; REACTANTS; DENSITY AB In this paper, we study the behavior of a premixed turbulent methane flame in three dimensions using numerical simulation. The simulations are performed using an adaptive time-dependent low Mach number combustion algorithm based on a second-order projection formulation that conserves both species mass and total enthalpy. The species and enthalpy equations are treated using an operator-split approach that incorporates stiff integration techniques for modeling detailed chemical kinetics. The methodology also incorporates a mixture model for differential diffusion. For the simulations presented here, methane chemistry and transport are modeled using the DRM-19 (20-species, 84-reaction) mechanism derived from the GRI-MECH 1.2 mechanism along with its associated thermodynamics and transport databases. We consider a lean flame with equivalence ratio 0.8 for two different levels of turbulent intensity. For each case, we examine the basic structure of the flame including turbulent flame speed and flame surface area. The results indicate that flame wrinkling is the dominant factor leading to the increased turbulent flame speed. joint probability distributions are computed to establish a correlation between beat release and curvature. We also investigate the effect of turbulent flame interaction on the flame chemistry. We identify specific flame intermediates that are sensitive to turbulence and explore various correlations between these species and local flame curvature. We identify different mechanisms by which turbulence modulates the chemistry of the flame. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 32 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 12 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 1987 EP 1993 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80242-5 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500069 ER PT J AU Echekki, T Chen, JH AF Echekki, T Chen, JH TI High-temperature combustion in autoigniting non-homogeneous hydrogen/air mixtures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID AIR COMBUSTION; FLAMES AB The burning modes (premixed vs. diffusion burning) in autoigniting non-homogeneous mixtures of hydrogen in heated air are studied using direct numerical simulations (DNS). The simulations show that high-temperature combustion follows an initial autoignition stage in fuel-lean, low-dissipation kernels. These kernels propagate initially as lean premixed fronts. As they expand into richer mixtures, diffusion flames develop in the wake of rich premixed flames along stoichiometric, isocontours. These flames are initially stabilized by diffusion of radicals (H) and excess fuel from the rich premixed flames' side against excess radicals (0 and OH) and oxidizer from the earlier passage of lean premixed fronts. In time, diffusion flames detach from the rich premixed flames, and their burning intensity is reduced accordingly. Triple flames also form at the interfaces of the rich and lean premised flames with the stoichiometric mixture isocontours. However, their contribution to the stabilization and burning intensity of the diffusion branches is insignificant. Analysis of the contribution of lean and rich premised flames and that of the diffusion flames to the volumetric heat release show that the dominant contribution is attributed mainly to the premised flames; while the dominant contribution to NO formation is attributed to diffusion flames. The results also show that the relative contribution of the different burning modes is strongly dependent on the mixture distribution and the scalar dissipation rate field. We believe that these parameters affect the diffusion flames' structures and their rates of detachment from the rich premixed flames. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Echekki, T (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 2601 Stinson Dr,Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Echekki, Tarek/C-7394-2009; OI Echekki, Tarek/0000-0002-0146-7994 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2061 EP 2068 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80251-6 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500078 ER PT J AU Vaithianathan, T Ulitsky, M Collins, LR AF Vaithianathan, T Ulitsky, M Collins, LR TI Comparison between a spectral and probability density function model for turbulent reacting flows SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; SCALAR DISSIPATION; MAPPING CLOSURE; PASSIVE SCALAR; PDF METHODS; DIFFUSION AB This study compares the performance of a newly developed spectral model based on the eddy damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) theory with a standard probability density function (PDF) model for the case of two initially unmixed reactants undergoing a finite-rate bimolecular reaction. The two models were chosen because they involve complementary treatments of the nonlinearities and mixing terms. That is, nonlinearities are exactly treated in the PDF and mixing is modeled, whereas the opposite is true for EDQNM. The predictions of the two models are compared to direct numerical simulations. The results show that the PDF model is capable of describing the mixing of the major species reasonably well, but fails to describe the correlations between the reactants and the products even qualitatively. This suggests that the mixing model in the PDF is adequate for describing mixing between major species, but is incapable of describing mixing of the more spatially segregated product species. The EDQNM model does a slightly better job of describing the mixing of reactant species and a much better job of describing mixing of the product species. Presumably the improvement is associated with the more accurate description of the interscale dynamics that are especially important for the segregated products. The implication is that a model that combines the strengths of the EDQNM for describing mixing and the PDF for describing the nonlinearities would yield the best of both worlds. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Vaithianathan, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2139 EP 2146 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80260-7 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500087 ER PT J AU Bell, JB Day, MS Grcar, JF Bessler, WG Schulz, C Glarborg, P Jensen, AD AF Bell, JB Day, MS Grcar, JF Bessler, WG Schulz, C Glarborg, P Jensen, AD TI Detailed modeling and laser-induced fluorescence imaging of nitric oxide in a NH3-seeded non-premixed methane/air flame SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID GAMMA(0,0) ABSORPTION-LINES; HIGH-PRESSURE FLAMES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SHIFT; COMBUSTION; SYSTEMS; CARS; BAND; GAS; H2O AB In this paper, we study the formation of NO in laminar, nitrogen-diluted methane diffusion flames that are seeded with ammonia in the fuel stream. We have performed numerical simulations with detailed chemistry as well as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging measurements for a range of ammonia injection rates. For comparison with the experimental data, synthetic LIF images are calculated based on the numerical data accounting for temperature and fluorescence quenching effects. We demonstrate good agreement between measurements and computations. The LIF corrections inferred from the simulation are then used to calculate absolute NO mole fractions from the measured signal. The NO formation in both doped and undoped flames occurs in the flame sheet. In the undoped flame, four different mechanisms contribute to NO formation. The present calculations show that the most important pathway is prompt NO, followed by the NNH mechanism, thermal NO, and the N2O mechanism. As the NH3 seeding level increases, fuel-NO becomes the dominant mechanism and N-2 shifts from being a net reactant to being a net product. Nitric oxide in the undoped flame as well as in the core region of the doped flames is underpredicted by the model; we attribute this mainly to inaccuracies in the NO recycling chemistry on the fuel-rich side of the flame sheet. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Bell, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bessler, Wolfgang/F-7936-2011; Schulz, Christof/A-5711-2010 OI Schulz, Christof/0000-0002-6879-4826 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2195 EP 2202 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80267-X PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500094 ER PT J AU Schuetz, CA Frenklach, M AF Schuetz, CA Frenklach, M TI Nucleation of soot: Molecular dynamics simulations of pyrene dimerization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID LAMINAR PREMIXED FLAMES; SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS; DIFFUSION FLAME; OPTIMIZATION; PARAMETERS; ETHYLENE; PRESSURE AB Experimental and numerical studies indicate that particle coagulation plays an important role in soot formation. However, to date, neither method has been able to conclusively determine the stage at which chemical precursors begin to coalesce. In the present study, molecular dynamics (MD) with on-the-fly quantum forces was used to investigate binary collisions between pyrene molecules. The molecular structure and internal motion were treated explicitly. Most of the runs were performed at 1600 K, within the temperature window of soot nucleation inflames. The MD simulations were successful in producing dimers with substantial collisional frequency and lifetimes far exceeding the equilibrium-based predictions, demonstrating that pyrene dimerization is physically realistic in flame environments. The principal finding of the present study is the development of internal rotors by colliding pyrene molecules, the phenomenon responsible for stabilization of the forming dimer. Analysis of the MD results shows that the mechanism of stabilization is rooted in the pattern of energy transfer. The translational energy of the individual colliding molecules is trapped in internal rotors that emerge upon collision and in the vibrational modes of the dimer, including the van der Waals bond established between the pyrene molecules. This model extends the view of stabilization of aromatic species dimerization, with the implication that aromatic dimers of species as small as pyrene can survive long enough to evolve into soot nuclei. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schuetz, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 40 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 24 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2307 EP 2314 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80281-4 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500108 ER PT J AU Blevins, LG Fletcher, RA Benner, BA Steel, EB Mulholland, GW AF Blevins, LG Fletcher, RA Benner, BA Steel, EB Mulholland, GW TI The existence of young soot in the exhaust of inverse diffusion flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRECURSOR PARTICLES; COMBUSTION; TEMPERATURE; CARBON; GROWTH; OXYGEN AB Knowledge of the chemical and physical structure of early soot is useful in the development of soot particle inception models. This paper examines the hypothesis that soot exiting an inverse diffusion flame is similar in chemical and morphological structure to (1) soot precursor particles and (2) soot that exits underventilated flames. Experiments involving soot collection from the exhaust of laminar ethylene inverse diffusion flames were performed. Soot samples were analyzed for morphology using transmission electron microscopy, for carbon-to-hydrogen ratio using elemental analysis, for organic fraction using thermal-optical analysis, and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content using laser microprobe mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results of these analyses support the validity of the above hypothesis. This finding is significant because exhaust collection from the inverse flame provides an opportunity to gather large samples of young soot without invading the flame with an intrusive probe (a necessary task when collecting precursors low in the center of a normal diffusion flame). Larger samples can then be subjected to more detailed analysis than previously possible. An identification of specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers present in young soot from diffusion flames is reported. The data are available for comparison with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon growth, soot inception, and soot growth models. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94561 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Blevins, LG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94561 USA. NR 40 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 14 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2325 EP 2333 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80283-8 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500110 ER PT J AU Violi, A Kubota, A Truong, TN Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK Sarofim, AF AF Violi, A Kubota, A Truong, TN Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK Sarofim, AF TI A fully, integrated kinetic Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics approach for the simulation of soot precursor growth SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AB-INITIO DYNAMICS; PHASE ALPHA-HMX; CARLO SIMULATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PREMIXED FLAMES; RATE CONSTANTS; PARTICLES; PYROLYSIS; CARBON AB The emphasis in this paper is on presenting a new methodology, together with some illustrative applications, for the study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polymerization leading to soot, widely recognized as a very important and challenging combustion problem. The new code, named fully integrated Kinetic Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamics (KMC/MD), places the two simulation procedures on an equal footing and involves alternating between KMC and MD steps during the simulation. The KMC/MD simulations are used in conjunction with high-level quantum chemical calculations. With traditional kinetic rates and dealing with the growth of particles, it is often necessary to perform a lumping procedure in which much atomic-scale information is lost. Our KMC/MD approach is designed to preserve atomic-scale structure: a single particle evolves in time with real three-dimensional structure (bonds, bond angles, dihedral angles). In this paper, the methodology is illustrated by a sample simulation of high molecular mass compound growth in an environment (T, H, H-2, naphthalene, and acenaphthylene concentrations) of a low-pressure laminar premixed benzene/oxygen/argon flame with an equivalence ratio of 1.8. The use of this approach enables the investigation of the physical (e.g., porosity, density, sphericity) as well as chemical (e.g., H/C, aromatic moieties, number of cross-links) properties. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Henry Eyring Ctr Theoret Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Violi, A (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2343 EP 2349 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80285-1 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500112 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Choi, MY Mulholland, GW Manzello, SL Gritzo, LA Suo-Antila, J AF Zhu, JY Choi, MY Mulholland, GW Manzello, SL Gritzo, LA Suo-Antila, J TI Measurement of visible and near-IR optical properties of soot produced from laminar flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; VOLUME FRACTION; INFRARED SPECTRUM; OVERFIRE SOOT; EXTINCTION; TEMPERATURE AB This study describes the measurements of the dimensionless extinction constant, K-e, of soot in the visible and IR spectrum using the National Institute of Standards and Technology Large Agglomerate Optics Facility. Soot was produced using a 11 mm i.d. laminar diffusion flame burner fueled with acetylene and ethene. Light extinction measurements were performed using light sources at 543.5, 632.8, 856, 1314, and 1565 nm. The mean values of present measurements of K-e range from 7.95 to 10.0. These unique experiments provide accurate values of K, to be used for measurements of soot concentration and temperature in the IR spectrum. These measurements represent the first fuel-specific data available in the near-IR spectrum. The measured K, values for all wavelengths are significantly larger than values calculated using reported values of the refractive index and the Rayleigh theory. Transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy analyses were used to analyze soot morphology and aerosol properties to estimate the influences of beam shielding and light scattering on the observed variations of K-e. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19014 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2367 EP 2374 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80288-7 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500115 ER PT J AU Glaude, PA Melius, C Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK AF Glaude, PA Melius, C Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK TI Detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms for incineration of organophosphorus and fluoroorganophosphorus compounds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID GAS-PHASE PYROLYSIS; DESTRUCTION CHEMISTRY; FLAMES; METHYLPHOSPHONATE; COMBUSTION; HYDROGEN; OXYGEN; INHIBITION; PHOSPHATE; DMMP AB A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism is developed to describe incineration of the chemical warfare nerve agent sarin (GB), based on commonly used principles of bond additivity and hierarchical reaction mechanisms. The mechanism is based on previous kinetic models of organophosphorus compounds such as trimethyl phosphate (TMP), dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), and di-isopropyl methyl phosphonate (DIMP) that are often used as surrogates to predict incineration of GB. Kinetic models of the three surrogates and GB are then used to predict their consumption in a perfectly stirred reactor fueled by natural gas to simulate incineration of these chemicals. Computed results indicate that DIMP is the only one of these surrogates that adequately describes combustion of GB under comparable conditions. The kinetic pathways responsible for these differences in reactivity are identified and discussed. The most important reaction in GB and DIMP that makes them more reactive than TMP or DMMP is found to be a six-center molecular elimination reaction producing propene. C1 CNRS, ENSIC, Dept Chim Phys & React, F-54000 Nancy, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glaude, PA (reprint author), CNRS, ENSIC, Dept Chim Phys & React, F-54000 Nancy, France. OI Glaude, Pierre-Alexandre/0000-0001-9166-8388 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2469 EP 2476 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80301-7 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500128 ER PT J AU Kamphus, M Liu, NN Atakan, B Qi, F McIlroy, A AF Kamphus, M Liu, NN Atakan, B Qi, F McIlroy, A TI Rempi temperature measurement in molecular beam sampled low-pressure flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHOTOIONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; NO AB The cooling effect in molecular beam (MB) sampling from low-pressure flames and gas mixtures was investigated. Although the MB method is often used to study the flame structure of low-pressure flames, typically combined with mass spectrometric (MS) detection, it is poorly characterized. The temperature of the MB must be known, especially if species concentrations are to be measured with spectroscopic methods, like resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy. In the present study, two independent MBMS instruments, which are very similar to those used previously by different groups, were investigated starting with pressures of 40 and 50 mbar in the burner chamber. The rotational temperatures of NO and benzene were determined using REMPI spectroscopy for different initial conditions; the ions were separated by time-of-flight mass spectrometers. Two REMPI excitation schemes were applied: for NO the first step was always the excitation of the A-X transition near 225 nm, while benzene was excited and ionized at wavelengths near 259 nor. Unexpectedly, molecular beams from cold-gas flows were cooled very slightly by 10%-25%. In the molecular beams derived from low-pressure flames, the cooling effect was stronger, with final rotational temperatures of 300-400 K, but the MB temperature was virtually independent of the initial temperature. A possible explanation of this finding would be that the cooling takes place to a large extent by wall collisions within the nozzle and to a lesser degree by intermolecular collisions. C1 Univ Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Gerhard Mercator Univ Duisburg, Fac Engn, Inst Combust & Gasdynam Thermodynam, Duisburg, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kamphus, M (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Univ Str 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. RI Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012; Atakan, Burak/A-1276-2017 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2627 EP 2633 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80320-0 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500147 ER PT J AU Frank, JH Kaiser, SA Long, MB AF Frank, JH Kaiser, SA Long, MB TI Reaction-rate, mixture-fraction, and temperature imaging in turbulent methane/air jet flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; RAMAN; LASER; COMBUSTION AB Instantaneous two-dimensional measurements of reaction rate, mixture fraction, and temperature are demonstrated in turbulent partially premised methane/air jet flames. The forward reaction rate of the reaction CO + OH double right arrow CO2 + H is measured by simultaneous OH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and two-photon GO LIF The product of the two LIF signals is shown to be proportional to the reaction rate. Temperature and fuel concentration are measured using polarized and depolarized Rayleigh scattering. A three-scalar technique for determining mixture fraction is investigated using a combination of polarized Rayleigh scattering, fuel concentration, and GO LIF Measurements of these three quantities are coupled with previous detailed multiscalar point measurements to obtain the most probable value of the mixture fraction at each point in the imaged plane. This technique offers improvements over two-scalar methods, which suffer from decreased sensitivity around the stoichiometric contour and biases in fuel-rich regions due to parent fuel loss. Simultaneous reaction-rate, mixture-fraction, and temperature imaging is demonstrated in laminar (Re = 1100) and turbulent (Re = 22,400) CH4/air (1/3 by volume) jet flames. The turbulent jet flame is the subject of multiple numerical modeling efforts. A primary objective for developing these imaging diagnostics is to provide measurements of fundamental quantities that are needed to accurately model interactions between turbulent flows and flames. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Frank, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 12 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2687 EP 2694 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80327-3 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500154 ER PT J AU Fielding, J Frank, JH Kaiser, SA Smooke, MD Long, MB AF Fielding, J Frank, JH Kaiser, SA Smooke, MD Long, MB TI Polarized/depolarized Rayleigh scattering for determining fuel concentrations in flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; MOLECULAR POLARIZABILITY; DEPOLARIZATION RATIO; TEMPERATURE; RAMAN AB Rayleigh scattering has been shown to be a useful diagnostic technique for two-dimensional imaging studies of reacting and non-reacting flows. For example, by combining Rayleigh scattering with a simultaneous measurement of the fuel concentration (e.g., using Raman scattering), mixture fraction and temperature can be determined in flames. In this work, it is demonstrated that the fuel concentration can be obtained by measuring the polarized and depolarized components of the Rayleigh signal and taking their difference or a suitable linear combination. While the depolarized Rayleigh signal is smaller than the polarized signal by a factor of similar to100, this is still a factor of similar to10 larger than the Raman scattering. Application of the technique requires that one of the primary constituents of the fuel stream possess a depolarization ratio sufficiently different from that of the oxidizer. Methane is a convenient candidate as it has no measurable depolarization. Results are shown for methane flames diluted by argon as well as air. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fielding, J (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2703 EP 2709 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80329-7 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500156 ER PT J AU Driscoll, JJ Sick, V Schrader, PE Farrow, RL AF Driscoll, JJ Sick, V Schrader, PE Farrow, RL TI Measurements of NO distributions and fluorescence lifetimes in a non-premixed counterflow CH4/air flame using picosecond time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE FLAMES; FEEDBACK DYE-LASER; DIFFUSION FLAMES; NITRIC-OXIDE; SHIFT; LINES; BAND AB We have applied picosecond laser-induced fluorescence (ps-LIF), excited in the linear regime, to obtain spatial profiles of NO concentrations and NO A(2)Sigma(+) effective fluorescence lifetimes in a non-premixed, counterflow CH4/air flame at atmospheric pressure. We used an excitation pulse much shorter than the LIF lifetime and recorded the temporal evolution of the LIF decays. Analysis of the decays with corrections for instrumental broadening yielded NO concentrations nearly free of quenching uncertainties. This study is the first application, to our knowledge, of ps-LIF to measure naturally occurring NO concentrations in flames. Compared to saturated fluorescence measurements using nanosecond pulses (ns-LSF), linear ps-LIF was found to be less susceptible to interferences in fuel-rich regions of the flame and less affected by errors resulting from rotational energy transfer (RET) refilling. Analysis based on a simple four-level, density-matrix model for the ps-LIF excitation motivated the use of non-Saturating excitation. Experimental NO concentrations compared favorably with flame model results within uncertainties of current prompt-NO reaction mechanisms. Experimental NO LIF lifetimes were substantially lower in fuel-rich regions than predictions based on quenching cross-section models and flame species calculations. Such overpredictions could explain discrepancies in fuel-rich regions between ns-LSF and linear, quenching-corrected ns-LIF measurements of NO. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, WE Lay Automot Lab 2023, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Driscoll, JJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, WE Lay Automot Lab 2023, 1231 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Sick, Volker/A-3987-2008 OI Sick, Volker/0000-0001-5756-9714 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2719 EP 2726 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80331-5 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500158 ER PT J AU Hessler, JP Seifert, S Winans, RE AF Hessler, JP Seifert, S Winans, RE TI Spatially resolved small-angle X-ray scattering studies of soot inception and growth SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLES; FLAME AB The high spectral brilliance of x-rays produced at the Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Radiation Center of Argonne's Advanced Photon Source allows us to perform small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of the distributions of soot particles in flames. SAXS provides an in situ probe of the size and distribution of particles in the region between I and 100 nm. Detailed measurements on a propylene/air diffusion flame allow us to extract a spatially dependent background, which occurs in gas-phase combustion systems, and to perform Abel inversions, which provide the radial dependence of the scattering intensity. A bimodal distribution of soot particles is needed to describe our results. The radial behavior of the two modes of this distribution implies that the chemistry and fluid dynamics are strongly coupled in this simple diffusion flame. The larger particles of this distribution correspond to the previously observed primary particles, which have a relatively complex radial dependence. Midway between the fuel source and the widest part of the flame, the primary particles have a mean radius of 6 nm or less and their concentration is symmetrically distributed about the flame front. At the widest part of the flame, two distinct distributions of primary particles are observed. Near the center of the flame, the particles have a mean radius of 10 nm and a polydispersity of 0.3 and beyond a transition region they have a mean radius of 21 nm and a polydispersity of 0.2. The smaller particles, which require additional experiments before they can be identified, correspond to soot nuclei, polycyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon species such as naphthalene, and/or disordered carbons with graphitic basal planes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hessler, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2743 EP 2748 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80334-0 PN 2 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500161 ER PT J AU Stipe, CB Higgins, BS Lucas, D Koshland, CP Sawyer, RF AF Stipe, CB Higgins, BS Lucas, D Koshland, CP Sawyer, RF TI Soot detection using excimer laser fragmentation fluorescence spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION-FLUORESCENCE; INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; DIESEL-ENGINES; FINE PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; TEMPERATURE; SIZE; COMBUSTION AB Excimer laser frugmentation fluorescence spectroscopy (ELFFS) fragments soot particles with 193 nm photons to produce excited carbon atoms that emit at 248 nm. The ELFFS detection limit for soot is 40 ppt in cooled combustion exhaust. We quantify and correct for interferences from carbon dioxide (248 nm emission) and oxygen (250 run); unburned hydrocarbons are removed with a diffusion denuder. We find that the ELFFS signal is more closely proportional to the surface area concentration of the particle than the volume fraction over a large range of concentrations. The technique is suitable for measuring soot from spark ignition and diesel engine exhaust. The soot particles are produced using a methane/air/nitrogen diffusion flame in an inverted flow reactor, designed to generate soot particles,with independently variable and repeatable concentrations and size distributions. By varying the methane, nitrogen, and air flow rates, we independently vary the mean particle diameter from 60 to 250 nm and the volume concentration from 40 ppt to 9 ppb. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stipe, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sawyer, Robert/B-5013-2014 NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2759 EP 2766 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80336-4 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500163 ER PT J AU Damm, CJ Lucas, D Sawyer, RF Koshland, CP AF Damm, CJ Lucas, D Sawyer, RF Koshland, CP TI Characterization of diesel particulate matter with excimer laser fragmentation fluorescence spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; CAVITY RINGDOWN; FINE PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; SOOT; ENGINES; SIZE; HYDROCARBONS; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS AB Excimer laser fragmentation fluorescence spectroscopy (ELFFS) is an effective technique for monitoring diesel particulate matter in engine exhaust. Measurements were made in the exhaust of a single-cylinder, 4 kW diesel generator with several different air to exhaust dilution ratios. Light from a 143 nm ArF laser photofragments the particles and produces fluorescence from the atomic carbon fragments at 248 nm and from CH (431 nm) and C-2 (468 nm) fragments. Interferences from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are negligible. The interference from unburned gas-phase hydrocarbons is significant when the engine is not under load, but insignificant when the engine is loaded. The gas-phase hydrocarbons can be removed by a diffusion denuder to eliminate this interference under no-load conditions. The 100-shot (I s) detection limit for particles in the exhaust is approximately 0.2 ppb volume fraction. The single-shot detection limit of ELFFS is low enough to allow for real-time monitoring of particulate matter from diesel engines, as well as from other combustion systems. ELFFS is sensitive to both the volatile and non-volatile fraction of the particulate matter, and monitoring fluorescence from multiple fragments provides information on the chemical composition of the particles. C1 Sierra Nevada Coll, Dept Sci & Technol, Incline Village, NV 89451 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Damm, CJ (reprint author), Sierra Nevada Coll, Dept Sci & Technol, Incline Village, NV 89451 USA. RI Sawyer, Robert/B-5013-2014 NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2767 EP 2774 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80337-6 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500164 ER PT J AU Romano, MP Radulescu, MI Higgins, AJ Lee, JHS Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK AF Romano, MP Radulescu, MI Higgins, AJ Lee, JHS Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK TI Sensitization of hydrocarbon-oxygen mixtures to detonation via cool-flame oxidation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID INITIAL TEMPERATURE; GASEOUS DETONATIONS; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; IGNITION AB The effect of cool-flame partial oxidation on the detonation sensitivity of hydrocarbons was experimentally investigated. Sensitivity to detonation was quantified by measuring the detonation cell size using the smoked-foil technique. A rich pentane/oxygen mixture was preheated in a pebble bed before filling a heated glass detonation tube to subatmospheric pressure. Cool-flame reaction, monitored by a thin K-type thermocouple, occurred in the detonation tube after a known time interval. The mixture was ignited by a weak spark and onset of detonation was monitored using a streak camera. A smoked foil was inserted in the far end of the tube to permit the measurement of the cell size of a well-developed detonation. The results show that the cell pattern becomes regular at high temperature, but the average cell size practically does not change. However, when the mixture was detonated while undergoing the cool-flame reaction, a significant reduction of the cell size was obtained. The sensitizing effect was found to occur in the initial stage of the cool-flame reaction. The explanation of the sensitizing effect of the cool-flame reaction was investigated by using a chemical kinetic model to simulate the cool-flame reaction and identify the chemical species that may be responsible for the observed results. By taking snapshots of these chemical concentrations during the simulated cool flame, these species were used as reactants in a time-dependent, spatially homogeneous calculation to compute the induction kinetics for a Chapman-Jouguet detonation. The numerically computed induction times follow the experimentally observed cell sizes and confirm that the sensitizing effect of the cool-flame reaction may be attributed to the presence of free radicals associated with the beginning of the cool-flame process. However, these radicals are consumed as the cool-flame reaction proceeds and the mixture becomes insensitive again. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Romano, MP (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RI Higgins, Andrew/B-1947-2008; Radulescu, Matei/K-6173-2012 OI Radulescu, Matei/0000-0002-2752-9313 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2833 EP 2838 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80346-7 PN 2 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500173 ER PT J AU Melius, CF Piqueras, MC AF Melius, CF Piqueras, MC TI Initial reaction steps in the condensed-phase decomposition of propellants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; AB-INITIO; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; RATE CONSTANTS; ALPHA-HMX; COMBUSTION; KINETICS; MECHANISM; RATES AB Understanding the reaction mechanisms for the decomposition of NO(2)-containing energetic materials in the condensed phase is critical to our development of detailed kinetic models of these energetic materials in propellant combustion. To date, the reaction mechanisms in the condensed phase have been represented by global reactions. The detailed elementary reactions subsequent to the initial NO(2) bond scissioning are. not known. Using quantum chemical calculations, we have investigated the possible early steps in the decomposition of energetic materials that can occur in the condensed phase. We have used methylnitrate, methylnitramine, and nitroethane as prototypes for O-NO(2), N-NO(2), and C-NO(2) nitro compounds. We find the energetic radicals formed from the initial NO(2) bond scissioning can be converted to unsaturated non-radical intermediates as an alternative to the unzipping of the energetic radical. This reaction pathway is caused by the cage effect, which prevents the NO(2) molecule from diffusing away before it can react with the energetic radical to form HONO. We propose a new, prompt oxidation mechanism in which the HONO, while still trapped within the cage, can add back onto the energetic molecule. This produces oxidation products in the condensed phase that normally would not be produced until much later in the flame. We propose that this prompt oxidation mechanism may be a general feature of both nitramines and nitrate esters. The resulting HONO formed by the H-atom abstraction will be strongly influenced by the physical properties of the condensed phase. The applicability of this mechanism is demonstrated for decomposition of ethylnitrate, illustrating the importance of the cage effect in enabling this mechanism to occur at low temperatures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Quim Fis, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. RP Melius, CF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2863 EP 2871 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80350-9 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500177 ER PT J AU Margolis, SB Telengator, AM Williams, FA AF Margolis, SB Telengator, AM Williams, FA TI Intrusive-limit deflagrations in confined porous energetic materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Combustion Symposium CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL HOKKAIDO UNIV, SAPPORO, JAPAN HO HOKKAIDO UNIV ID QUASI-STEADY DEFLAGRATIONS; 2-PHASE FLOW; STABILITY; MODEL AB The deflagration of confined porous energetic materials is generally accompanied by an increasing pressure difference, or overpressure, between the burned gaseous products outside the porous solid and the unburned reactants deep within the pores of the material. Although for sufficiently small overpressures the overall structure of the combustion wave possesses a gaseous preheat region between the material surface and the gaseous reaction zone, at higher overpressures and/or sufficiently large surface reaction rates, there is a tendency for the surface temperature to approach the burned-gas temperature, causing the gaseous preheat region to disappear and the reaction zone to lie in the vicinity of the material surface. In this burning regime, there is a single merged reaction-zone structure in which both solid-surface and distributed gas-phase reactions occur. A large-activation-energy analysis of this wave structure is presented, complementing a previous study of the present model that assumed a positive standoff distance between the gaseous reaction zone and the solid material. An expression for the burning rate is derived, showing the expected transition from weak to strong pressure sensitivity in the burning-rate response as the overpressure increases and convective preheating of the material begins to play a greater role. A fit of this burning-rate formula to relevant data for cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine C4H8N8O8, at less than 100% theoretical maximum density indicates reasonably good agreement with experimental results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Margolis, SB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2002 VL 29 BP 2913 EP 2922 DI 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80356-X PN 2 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 678KN UT WOS:000182866500183 ER PT S AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M GP CERN CERN TI Grounding and, shielding techniques for large scale experiments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL COLMAR, FRANCE SP Inst Rech Subatom Strasbourg AB The D0 detector has shown excellent common mode noise performance across all sub detectors. This talk will describe the detector, the noise performance and the methods that we used to achieve them. I will focus on the general principals rather than the specific implementations. I will also discuss some new work that we are doing with carbon fiber composites. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-202-9 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW16Q UT WOS:000181054500007 ER PT S AU Rivetta, C Arteche, F Szoncso, F AF Rivetta, C Arteche, F Szoncso, F GP CERN CERN TI Noise immunity analysis of the forward hadron calorimeter front-end electronics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL COLMAR, FRANCE SP Inst Rech Subatom Strasbourg AB The Very Forward Hadron Calorimeter (HF) in CMS is composed by about 3000 photo-multipliers (PMT) arranged in boxes housing 24 PMTs each one. Read-out amplifiers are arranged in 6 channel daughter cards located about 4 meters from the PMTs. Shielded cables are used to connect the PMT anode signal to the amplifiers. This paper addresses the study of the immunity to common mode spurious signal and external fields of the electronic system described above. It allows predicting grounding and shielding problems and estimating the effect of interference noise at early stages of the design. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rivetta, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS222, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-202-9 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW16Q UT WOS:000181054500035 ER PT S AU Rivetta, C Arteche, F Szoncso, F AF Rivetta, C Arteche, F Szoncso, F GP CERN CERN TI A common 400Hz AC power supply distribution systen for CMS front-end electronics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL COLMAR, FRANCE SP Inst Rech Subatom Strasbourg AB A 400Hz AC system is proposed to distribute power to all CMS sub-detectors. It distributes high voltage to the periphery of the detector using a 208V three-phase system. On the detector, step-down converters transform the AC high voltage to appropriated DC low voltages. These units have to operate in a harsh environment with magnetic field and neutron radiation. This paper presents the proposed power distribution system and describes the design considerations to distribute power quality to the front-end electronics. Special attention is paid to the analysis of steady state and transient perturbations that affect the quality of the sine wave voltage. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rivetta, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS222, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-202-9 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW16Q UT WOS:000181054500036 ER PT S AU Blair, RE Dawson, JW Drake, G Haberichter, WN Schlereth, JL Francis, DJ AF Blair, RE Dawson, JW Drake, G Haberichter, WN Schlereth, JL Francis, DJ GP CERN CERN TI A gigabit ethernet Link Source Card SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL COLMAR, FRANCE SP Inst Rech Subatom Strasbourg AB A Link Source Card (LSC) has been developed which employs Gigabit Ethernet as the physical medium. The LSC is implemented as a mezzanine card compliant with the S-Link specifications, and is intended for use in development of the Region of Interest Builder (ROIB) in the Level 2 Trigger of ATLAS. The LSC will be used to bring Region of Interest Fragments from Level I Trigger elements to the ROIB, and to transfer compiled Region of Interest Records to Supervisor Processors. The card uses the LSI 8101/8104 Media Access Controller (MAC) [1] and the Agilent HDMP-1636 Transceiver. An Altera 10K50A FPGA [2] is configured to provide several state machines which perform all the tasks on the card, such as formulating the Ethernet header, read/write registers in the MAC, etc. An on-card static RAM provides storage for 512K S-Link words, and a FIFO provides 4K buffering of input S-Link words. The LSC has been tested in a setup where it transfers data to a NIC in the PCI bus of a PC. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Blair, RE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-202-9 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 278 EP 280 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW16Q UT WOS:000181054500050 ER PT S AU Yarema, RJ Baumbaugh, A Boubekeur, A Elias, JE Shaw, T AF Yarema, RJ Baumbaugh, A Boubekeur, A Elias, JE Shaw, T GP CERN CERN TI Channel Control ASIC for the CMS hadron calorimeter front end readout module SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL COLMAR, FRANCE SP Inst Rech Subatom Strasbourg AB The Channel Control ASIC (CCA) is used along with a custom Charge Integrator and Encoder (QIE) ASIC to digitize signals from the hybrid photo diodes (HPDs) and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in the CMS hadron calorimeter. The CCA sits between the QIE and the data acquisition system. All digital signals to and from the QIE pass through the CCA chip. One CCA chip interfaces with two QIE channels. The CCA provides individually delayed clocks to each of the QIE chips in addition to various control signals [1]. The QIE sends digitized PMT or HPD signals and time slice information to the CCA, which sends the data to the data acquisition system through an optical link. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yarema, RJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-202-9 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 339 EP 342 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW16Q UT WOS:000181054500064 ER PT S AU Whitmore, J Baumbaugh, A Elias, JE Holm, S Knickerbocker, K Los, S Rivetta, C Ronzhin, A Shenai, A Yarema, R Zimmerman, T AF Whitmore, J Baumbaugh, A Elias, JE Holm, S Knickerbocker, K Los, S Rivetta, C Ronzhin, A Shenai, A Yarema, R Zimmerman, T GP CERN CERN TI Radiation validation for the CMS HCAL front-end electronics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL COLMAR, FRANCE SP Inst Rech Subatom Strasbourg ID RISK ASSESSMENT; ASICS AB Over a 10 year operating period, the CMS Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL) detector will be exposed to radiation fields of approximately 1 kRad of total ionizing dose (TID) and a neutron fluence of 4E11 n/cm(2). All front-end electronics must be qualified to survive this radiation environment with no degradation in performance. In addition, digital components in this environment can experience single-event upset (SEU) and single-event latch-up (SEL). A measurement of these single-event effects (SEE) for all components is necessary in order to understand the level that will be encountered. Radiation effects in all electronic components of the HCAL front-end system have been studied. Results from these studies will be presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Whitmore, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-202-9 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 433 EP 438 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW16Q UT WOS:000181054500087 ER PT B AU Brumby, SP Pope, PA Galbraith, AE Szymanski, JJ AF Brumby, SP Pope, PA Galbraith, AE Szymanski, JJ GP ISIF ISIF TI Evolving feature extraction algorithms for hyperspectral and fused imagery SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2002) CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE, Georgia Tech Res Inst, USAF Res Lab, US Dept Defense, Missile Defense Agcy, NAVSEA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, USN, Off Res, AIAA, IEE DE genetic programming; image processing; hyperspectral imagery; multispectral imagery; digital elevation model; data fusion; remote sensing ID MULTISPECTRAL THERMAL IMAGER; GENETIC ALGORITHM; CLASSIFICATION AB Hyperspectral imagery with moderate spatial resolution (similar to30m) presents an interesting challenge to feature extraction algorithm developers, as both spatial and spectral signatures may be required to identify the feature of interest. We describe a genetic programming software system, called GENIE, which augments the human scientist/analyst by evolving customized spatio-spectral feature extraction pipelines from training data provided via an intuitive, point-and-click interface. We describe recent work exploring geospatial feature extraction from hyperspectral imagery, and from a multi-instrument fused dataset. For hyperspectral imagery, we demonstrate our system on NASA Earth Observer 1 (EO-1) Hyperion imagery, applied to agricultural crop detection. We present an evolved pipeline, and discuss its operation. We also discuss work with multi-spectral imagery (DOE/NNSA Multispectral Thermal Imager) fused with USGS digital elevation model (DEM) data, with the application of detecting mixed conifer forest. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brumby, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9721844-2-2 PY 2002 BP 986 EP 993 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BV19H UT WOS:000178107500034 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV GP ISIF ISIF TI Nearest neighbor projective fuser for function estimation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2002) CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE, Georgia Tech Res Inst, USAF Res Lab, US Dept Defense, Missile Defense Agcy, NAVSEA, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, USN, Off Res, AIAA, IEE DE projective fusers; sensor fusion; nearest neighbor; finite-sample guarantees ID EMPIRICAL RISK MINIMIZATION; NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; REGRESSION; NETWORKS AB There is currently a wide choice of function estimators, and it is often more effective and practical to fuse them rather than choosing a "best" one. An optimal projective fuser was proposed earlier based on the lower envelope of error regressions of the estimators. In most practical cases, however, the error regressions are not available and only a finite sample is given. Consequently this optimal fuser is hard to implement and furthermore guarantees only the asymptotic consistency. In this paper, we propose a projective fuser based on the nearest neighbor concept, which is easy to implement. Under fairly general smoothness and non-smoothness conditions on the individual estimators, we show that this fuser's expected error is close to optimal with a high probability, for a finite sample and irrespective of the underlying distributions. This performance guarantee is stronger than the previous ones for projective fusers and also implies asymptotic consistency The required smoothness condition, namely Lipschitz continuity, is satisfied by sigmoid neural networks and certain radial-basis functions. The non-smoothness condition requires bounded variation which is satisfied by k-nearest neighbor, regressogram, regression tree, Nadaraya-Watson and feedforward threshold network estimators. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9721844-2-2 PY 2002 BP 1154 EP 1161 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BV19H UT WOS:000178107500057 ER PT J AU Gao, Z Schreiber, W AF Gao, Z Schreiber, W TI A theoretical investigation of two possible modifications to reduce pollutant emissions from a diesel engine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE high speed gas injection; EGR; emission; numerical AB The goal of the study is to present and to evaluate theoretically two strategies for reducing simultaneously both particulate and NOx emission from a compression-ignited, direct injection engine. The emission reduction strategies to be considered here include auxiliary exhaust gas injection (AEGI) and a combination of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and AEGI. The auxiliary gas injection (AGI) process consists of the injection of a gas directly into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine during the combustion stroke to enhance fluid mixing. Increased mixing during the combustion process can lower the emission of both soot and NOx. AEGI is a process whereby exhaust gas is the injected gas used in AGI. To predict the effect of AEGI on diesel engine combustion and emission, a gas injection model was developed and used with a multidimensional simulation computer code, KIVA. The program is used to evaluate the combined effect of AEGI and EGR on pollutant emissions in a Caterpillar diesel engine. The results demonstrate that the injection timing of AEGI affects soot emissions quite differently to NOx emissions. A combination of EGR and AEGI is found to be more effective than AEGI alone for the maximum simultaneous reduction of soot and NOx emissions. It is predicted that the EGR and AEGI combination can reduce both particulate and NOx emissions by almost 50 per cent over baseline. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. RP Gao, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6070, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Gao, Zhiming/0000-0002-7139-7995 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4070 J9 P I MECH ENG D-J AUT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D-J. Automob. Eng. PY 2002 VL 216 IS D7 BP 619 EP 628 DI 10.1243/095440702760178631 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 586PX UT WOS:000177594300008 ER PT J AU Ho, SP Riester, L Drews, M Boland, T LaBerge, M AF Ho, SP Riester, L Drews, M Boland, T LaBerge, M TI Effects of the sample preparation temperature on the nanostructure of compression moulded ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE UHMWPE; nanoindentation; nanostructure; ultrasectioning; atomic force microscopy; mechanical properties ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TOTAL HIP; WEAR; SURFACES; DEBRIS; TIPS AB In this study, the effects of the sample sectioning temperature on the surface nanostructure and mechanical response of compression moulded ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) at a nanometer scale (nanomechanical properties) have been characterized. The primary focus of this work was to determine if the sample sectioning temperature significantly changed the nanostructure of UHMWPE, while the secondary focus was to characterize the effect on the mechanical response due to the changes in the sectioned surface nanostructure. The goals of this study were: (a) to investigate the potential possibility of creating surface artefacts by the sample preparation technique by sectioning at different temperatures relative to the published range of glass transition temperatures, T-g, for PE (- 12, - 80 and - 25degreesC); (b) to determine the possibility of molecular orientation induced by plastic deformation of the UHMWPE sample during the process of sample preparation; (c) to measure the relative difference in nanomechanical properties owing to evolution of different nanostructures as a function of sample sectioning temperature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation were used to demonstrate that the sectioning temperature caused a change in nanostructure of the compression moulded UHMWPE sectioned surface, explaining the change in mechanical response to indentation at a nanoscale. In this study, it was demonstrated that significant plastic deformation occurs when a shear stress is applied between the glass or diamond blade and the UHMWPE during sample preparation under ambient conditions at a temperature of 22degreesC. These results also suggest that an optimum sample sectioning temperature should definitely be below the measured T-g of the polymer. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Bioengn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC USA. RP LaBerge, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Bioengn, 501 Rhodes, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. OI Ho, Sunita/0000-0001-9999-8226 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4119 J9 P I MECH ENG H JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part H-J. Eng. Med. PY 2002 VL 216 IS H2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1243/0954411021536342 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 545AQ UT WOS:000175194400004 PM 12022419 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A AF Erdemir, A TI Friction and wear of diamond and diamond-like carbon films SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART J-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TRIBOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diamond; diamond-like; carbon films; friction; wear ID TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; SUPERLOW-FRICTION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; THIN-FILMS; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; HYDROGEN; PLASMAS AB Detailed tribological studies on diamond and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have confirmed that these films are inherently self-lubricating and resistant to abrasive, adhesive and corrosive wear. Because of their high chemical inertness, they are also resistant to corrosion and oxidation (even at elevated temperatures). The combination of such exceptional qualities in these films makes them ideal for a wide range of demanding tribological applications (such as microelectromechanical systems, cutting tools. mechanical seals, magnetic hard disks, etc.). These films. available for more than three decades, have been used extensively for tooling and magnetic hard disk applications. Their potential in other application areas is currently being explored around the world. With the development of new and more robust deposition methods in recent years, it is envisioned that the production of high quality diamond and DLC films will become very cost effective and highly reliable for large-scale applications in the transportation and manufacturing sectors. In this paper. sliding wear mechanisms of diamond and DLC films will be presented. Specifically. it will be shown that, in general, the wear of these films is extremely low (mainly because of their exceptional hardness and low friction characteristics). Specific test conditions established during each sliding test, however. may dramatically affect the car performance of certain diamond and DLC films. One of the dominant wear mechanisms relates to a phase transformation that is primarily the result of very high mechanical and thermal loadings of sliding contact interfaces. The transformation products (such as disordered graphite) trapped at the sliding interface may transfer to the mating surface and significantly affect friction and wear. This paper describes, in terms of structural and fundamental tribological knowledge, the ideal film microstructures and chemistry, as well as operational conditions under which diamond and DLC films perform the best and provide superlow friction and wear properties in sliding tribological applications. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 79 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1350-6501 EI 2041-305X J9 P I MECH ENG J-J ENG JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J.-J. Eng. Tribol. PY 2002 VL 216 IS J6 BP 387 EP 400 DI 10.1243/135065002762355316 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 630NF UT WOS:000180113900005 ER PT B AU De Jager, K AF De Jager, K BE Fujiwara, M Shima, T TI Nucleon electromagnetic form factors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS IN NUCLEAR AND HADRON PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electromagnetic Interactions in Nuclear and Hadron Physics CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL Osaka Univ, Osaka, JAPAN SP Res Ctr Nucl Phys HO Osaka Univ ID QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING; NEUTRON SPIN STRUCTURE; POLARIZED ELECTRONS; QUARK-MODEL; COMPTON-SCATTERING; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; HE-3; (GEV/C)(2); DEUTERON; Q(2)=1.75 AB A review of data on the nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the space-like region is presented. Recent results from experiments using polarized beams and either polarized targets or nucleon recoil polarimeters have yielded a significant improvement on the precision of the data obtained with the traditional Rosenbluth separation. Future plans for extended measurements are outlined. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP De Jager, K (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-044-2 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BCI55 UT WOS:000229600500001 ER PT B AU Higinbotham, DW AF Higinbotham, DW BE Fujiwara, M Shima, T TI Detailed study of the He-3 nuclei through response function separations at high momentum transfer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS IN NUCLEAR AND HADRON PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electromagnetic Interactions in Nuclear and Hadron Physics CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL Osaka Univ, Osaka, JAPAN SP Res Ctr Nucl Phys HO Osaka Univ AB In order to further our understanding of the few body system, a new series of measurements on the reaction He-3(e,e'p) have been made at Jefferson Lab. Making use of beam energies as high as 4.8 GeV and of the two high resolution in Hall A, kinematics which were previously unattainable have been investigated. In this paper the first preliminary results of this experiment will be presented. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Higinbotham, DW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-044-2 PY 2002 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BCI55 UT WOS:000229600500029 ER PT B AU Kamath, C Cantu-Paz, E Littau, D AF Kamath, C Cantu-Paz, E Littau, D BE Grossman, R Han, J Motwani, R Kumar, V Mannila, H TI Approximate splitting for ensembles of trees using histograms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SIAM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING SE SIAM Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd SIAM International Conference on Data Mining (SDM 02) CY APR 11-13, 2002 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP SIAM ID DECISION TREES C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kamath2@llnl.gov; cantupaz1@llnl.gov; littau@cs.umn.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 0-89871-517-2 J9 SIAM PROC S PY 2002 BP 370 EP 383 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BU81X UT WOS:000177123500022 ER PT B AU Preece, DS Chung, SH AF Preece, DS Chung, SH GP ISEE ISEE TI Multi-blasthole, multi-row, detonation delay timing simulation of rock blasting using DMCBLAST_3D SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING TECHNIQUE, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique CY FEB 10-13, 2002 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Int Soc Explos Engineers AB Development of DMCBLAST_3D is continuing and now includes the capability to simulate the detonation of multiple blastholes in multiple rows that make up a conventional bench blast, either in a rock quarry or a surface coal mine. DMCBLAST(-)3D is a three-dimensional extension of the proven two dimensional rock blast modeling code, DMCBLAST. DMCBLAST has been under development since 1987 and has successfully predicted the physics, mechanisms and results of a number of different types of rock blasting including, coal mine bench blasting, mineral mine choke blasting and underground stope blasting, Substantial effort has gone into the qualification and verification of DMCBLAST by comparing computer code predictions with real blasts in the field. Comparison with field data has also provided significant guidance to the development of the code. DMCBLAST(-)3D expands the capability of DMCBLAST to three-dimensions keeping all of the capability of the 2-D code and adding many features unique to 3-D modeling such as timing delay between blastholes and 3-D muck movement. The basis of DMCBLAST-3D is a 3-D spherical discrete element computer code that treats three-dimensional movement and collision of individual particles. Explosive loading of the particles is accomplished by coupling gas flow and rock motion together. This paper documents addition of the capability to simulate the explosively induced rock motion resulting from detonation of multiple blastholes in multiple rows. Differences in rock motion resulting from echelon and v-cut blasting patterns will be presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Preece, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERS PI CLEVELAND PA 29100 AURORA ROAD, CLEVELAND, OH 44139-1800 USA PY 2002 BP 339 EP 348 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU68G UT WOS:000176704000030 ER PT B AU Preece, DS Stofleth, JH Cole, DL Cooper, PW AF Preece, DS Stofleth, JH Cole, DL Cooper, PW GP ISEE ISEE TI Shaped charge design SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING TECHNIQUE, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique CY FEB 10-13, 2002 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Int Soc Explos Engineers AB The Explosive Destruction System (EDS) has been designed at Sandia National Laboratories for the disposal of chemical munitions (phosgene, mustard gas, Sarin etc.), many dating back to World War I. EDS is a portable system that is trailer mounted and consists of a vessel into which a chemical munition can be loaded and opened for neutralization with linear and conical shaped charges. Gases are contained within the sealed chamber. The linear shaped charges split the munition in two and the conical Shaped Charge (CSC) is aimed at the explosive burster, in each munition, which is detonated by the resulting shaped charge jet. Toxic chemicals remaining in the vessel following detonation are neutralized and disposed of. This paper documents the development of a new CSC needed to reliably detonate explosive bursters in an expanding array of chemical munitions that are beyond what the EDS device was originally designed to neutralize. Design of this new CSC was controlled by the need to deliver energy above the detonation threshold into the explosive after penetrating the outer steel casing, fluid, the burster casing and finally the explosive. Design considerations were driven by jet conditions at the steel/explosive interface inside the burster. Parameters to consider in CSC design include: 1) diameter, 2) liner thickness, 3) liner position in body, 4) explosive weight, and 5) liner shape or interior (apex) angle. The effects of these parameters on final CSC performance are examined in detail. CSC's that meet the design specifications have been manufactured and tested. The performance of these charges are compared with the original design requirements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Preece, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERS PI CLEVELAND PA 29100 AURORA ROAD, CLEVELAND, OH 44139-1800 USA PY 2002 BP 349 EP 361 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU68G UT WOS:000176704000031 ER PT B AU Cady, CM Gray, GT Trujillo, CP Mukai, T AF Cady, CM Gray, GT Trujillo, CP Mukai, T BE Ghosh, A Sanders, TH Claar, TD TI Mechanical behavior of a closed-cell aluminum foam SO PROCESSSING AND PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT CELLULAR METALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Global Symposium on Materials Processing and Manufacturing CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Seattle, WA SP ONR C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Mukai, Toshiji/F-9570-2014; Totsukawa, Nobuhisa/D-2028-2017 OI Mukai, Toshiji/0000-0002-9628-5762; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-527-1 PY 2002 BP 285 EP 285 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAW13 UT WOS:000223863600029 ER PT S AU Keller, R Thomae, R Stockli, M Welton, R AF Keller, R Thomae, R Stockli, M Welton, R BE Stockli, MP TI Design, operational experiences and beam results obtained with the SNSH- ion source and LEBT at Berkeley Lab SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY MAY 30-31, 2002 CL GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE SP Comm Energie Atom, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, US DOE AB The ion source and Low-Energy Transport (LEBT) system that will provide H- ion beams to the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)** Front End and the accelerator chain have been developed into a mature unit that fully satisfies the operational requirements through the commissioning and early operating phases of SNS. Compared to the early R&D version, many features of the ion source have been improved, and reliable operation at 6% duty factor has been achieved producing beam currents in the 35-mA range and above, LEBT operation proved that the purely electrostatic focusing principle is well suited to inject the ion beam into the RFQ accelerator, including the steering and pre-chopping functions. This paper will discuss the latest design features of the ion source and LEBT, give performance data for the integrated system, and report on commissioning results obtained with the SNS RFQ and Medium-Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) system. Prospects for further improvements will be outlined in concluding remarks. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keller, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0094-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 639 BP 47 EP 60 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV52S UT WOS:000179251400007 ER PT S AU Moehs, DP AF Moehs, DP BE Stockli, MP TI Studies on a magnetron source SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY MAY 30-31, 2002 CL GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE SP Comm Energie Atom, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, US DOE AB In working toward a less noisy H-. magnetron source, a new diagnostic tool consisting of a scannable Faraday Cup Array has been developed and installed on the Fermilab H-. ion source test bench. The array consists of 14 identical Faraday cups with I mm diameter entrance holes spaced 6.4 mm apart. H-. beam currents of 50 to 80 mA with a radius of roughly 3 to 4 cm at the collector are routinely produced by the magnetron. Local current density measurements made as a function of acceleration voltage, sample time during the pulse, and background pressure reveal space charge compensation and beam self-focusing. An optical means of measuring simultaneously the local current density and local phase space parameters is also being investigated. These measurements should shed further light on how the current and beam divergence is distributed over the beam cross section. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Moehs, DP (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0094-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 639 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV52S UT WOS:000179251400013 ER PT S AU Stockli, MP Welton, RF Keller, R Letchford, AP Thomae, RW Thomason, JWG AF Stockli, MP Welton, RF Keller, R Letchford, AP Thomae, RW Thomason, JWG BE Stockli, MP TI Accurate estimation of the RMS emittance from single current amplifier data SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY MAY 30-31, 2002 CL GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE SP Comm Energie Atom, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, US DOE AB This paper presents the SCUBEEx rms emittance analysis, a self-consistent, unbiased elliptical exclusion method, which combines traditional data-reduction methods with statistical methods to obtain accurate estimates for the rms emittance. Rather than considering individual data, the method tracks the average current density outside a well-selected, variable boundary to separate the measured beam halo from the background. The average outside current density is assumed to be part of a uniform background and not part of the particle beam, Therefore the average outside current is subtracted from the data before evaluating the rms emittance within the boundary. As the boundary area is increased, the average outside current and the inside rms emittance form plateaus when all data containing part of the particle beam are inside the boundary, These plateaus mark the smallest acceptable exclusion boundary and provide unbiased estimates for the average background and the rms emittance. Small, trendless variations within the plateaus allow for determining the uncertainties of the estimates caused by variations of the measured background outside the smallest acceptable exclusion boundary. The robustness of the method is established with complementary variations of the exclusion boundary. This paper presents a detailed comparison between traditional data reduction methods and SCUBEEx by analyzing two complementary sets of emittance data obtained with a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and an ISIS H- ion source. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Stockli, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0094-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 639 BP 135 EP 159 PG 25 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV52S UT WOS:000179251400016 ER PT S AU Welton, RF Stockli, MP Keller, R Thomae, RW Thomason, J Sherman, J Alessi, J AF Welton, RF Stockli, MP Keller, R Thomae, RW Thomason, J Sherman, J Alessi, J BE Stockli, MP TI Emittance characteristics of high-brightness H- ion sources SO PRODUCTION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF NEGATIVE IONS AND BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams CY MAY 30-31, 2002 CL GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE SP Comm Energie Atom, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, US DOE ID ACCELERATORS AB A survey of emittance characteristics from high-brightness, H- ion sources has been undertaken, Representative examples of each important type of H- source for accelerator application are investigated: A magnetron surface plasma source (BNL); a multi-cusp-surface-conversion source (LANL); a Penning source (RAL-ISIS) and a multi-cusp-volume source (LBNL). Presently, comparisons between published emittance values from different ion sources are difficult largely because of different definitions used in reported emittances and the use of different data reduction techniques in analyzing data, Althouggh seldom discussed in the literature, rms-emittance values often depend strongly on the method employed to separate real beam from background. In this work, the problem of data reduction along with software developed for emittance analysis is discussed. Raw emittance data, obtained from the above laboratories, is analyzed using a single technique and normalized rms and 90% area-emittance values are determined along with characteristic emittance versus beam fraction curves. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Welton, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0094-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 639 BP 160 EP 174 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV52S UT WOS:000179251400017 ER PT J AU Lyczkowski, RW Bouillard, JX AF Lyczkowski, RW Bouillard, JX TI State-of-the-art review of erosion modeling in fluid/solids systems SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE fluidized beds; hydrodynamics; erosion; computational fluid dynamics; kinetic theory; discrete element method ID GAS-FLUIDIZED BEDS; DISCRETE PARTICLE SIMULATION; HEAT-EXCHANGER TUBES; KINETIC-THEORY; POROSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; HORIZONTAL TUBES; BUBBLE BEHAVIOR; DUCTILE METALS; BANK GEOMETRY; HYDRODYNAMICS AB Erosion in fluidized-bed combustors, commercial process units used to burn coal cleanly, has surfaced as a serious issue that may have adverse economic effects. The evidence suggests that the key to understanding this erosion is detailed knowledge of the coupled and complex phenomena of solids circulation and bubble motion. The FLUFIX computer code has been developed for this purpose. Computed hydrodynamic results compare well with experimental data (including the bubble frequency and size and the time-averaged porosity and pressure distributions) taken in a thin 'two-dimensional' rectangular fluidized beds containing a rectangular obstacle and a few-tube approximation of the International Energy Agency Grimethorpe tube bank 'C1' configuration. Six representative erosion models selected from the literature, comprising both single-particle and fluidized-bed models are critiqued. A methodology is described whereby the computed hydrodynamic results can be used with such erosion models. Previous attempts (none involving fluidized beds) to couple fluid mechanics and erosion models are reviewed. The energy dissipation models are developed, and are shown to generalize the so-called power dissipation model used to analyze slurry jet pump erosion. It is demonstrated, by explicitly introducing the force of the particle on the eroding material surface, that impaction and abrasive erosion mechanisms are basically the same. In doing so, it has been possible to unify the entire erosion literature developed for over a century. Linkage is made to two previously developed single-particle erosion models: Finnie's and Neilson and Gilchrist's. The implementation methodology, which can be applied to any erosion model, be it single-particle or fluidized bed, is summarized. The monolayer energy dissipation (MED) erosion model is developed. The erosion rates computed from the EROSION code are compared with each other and for the cold few-tube approximation of the IEA Grimethorpe tube bank 'C1' fluidized-bed experiment, and with other available erosion data literature to validate the calculations. The simplified closed form MED (SCFMED) erosion models and erosion guidelines are developed using semi-empirical correlations in order to allow quick engineering estimates of erosion. Alternative methodologies to couple hydrodynamics and erosion using the kinetic theory of granular flow and discrete element method (DEM) models are briefly reviewed. Finally, a critical review of the integrated experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) pressurized fluidized-bed hydrodynamics and erosion research ongoing at Chalmers University is presented. This body of work has been influenced by the research at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) and reinforces the trends and conclusions reported in this review. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. INERIS, F-60550 Verneuil En Halate, France. RP Lyczkowski, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362,Room C348D, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 141 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 9 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 6 BP 543 EP 602 AR PII S0360-1285(02)00022-9 DI 10.1016/S0360-1285(02)00022-9 PG 60 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 630KC UT WOS:000180105200002 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, B Kratz, KL Moller, P AF Pfeiffer, B Kratz, KL Moller, P TI Status of delayed-neutron precursor data: Half-lives and neutron emission probabilities SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-STRENGTH FUNCTIONS; RICH ISOTOPES; DECAY PROPERTIES; NUCLEI; MODEL; APPROXIMATION; PREDICTIONS; ELEMENTS; REGION; MASSES AB We present in this paper a compilation of the present status of experimental delayed-neutron precursor data; i.e. beta-decay half-lives (T-1/2) and neutron emission probabilities (P-n) in the fission-product region (27 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 57). These data are compared to two model predictions of substantially different sophistication: (i) an update of the empirical Kratz-Herrmann formula (KHF), and (ii) a unified macroscopicmicroscopic model within the quasi-particle random-phase approximation (QRPA). Both models axe also used to calculate so far unknown T-1/2 and P-n values up to Z = 63. A number of possible refinements in the microscopic calculations are suggested to further improve the nuclear-physics foundation of these data for reactor and astrophysical applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Lid. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pfeiffer, B (reprint author), Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. NR 50 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP 39 EP 69 AR PII S0149-1970(02)00005-7 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00005-7 PG 31 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 598EJ UT WOS:000178262200003 ER PT J AU Wilson, WB England, TR AF Wilson, WB England, TR TI Delayed neutron study using ENDF/B-VI basic nuclear data SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB The basic nuclear data of the latest releases of ENDF/B-VI were used in preliminary calculations with the CINDER'90 nuclide inventory code to simulate the activity of fission delayed-neutron precursors. Total delayed-neutron production was obtained at times during and following pulse (0.1-ms) and equilibrium (4-hr) fission histories for each of the sixty fission systems having fission-product yields in ENDF/B-VI. The equilibrium studies - at unit fission rate for constant fission periods sufficiently long that all precursors reached saturation inventories - yielded the (v) over bard value for each system. Delayed-neutron production rates at 54 decay times t, extending to 500 s following a fission pulse, were fit using the STEPIT code to the pulse function R(t) = Sigmaa(i)lambda(i)e(-lambdait). Results following equilibrium irradiations were fit to the equilibrium function R(infinity, t) = Sigmaa(i)e(-lambdait). It was observed that functions from fits to pulse results did not well represent equilibrium results at long cooling times. Similarly, functions fit to the equilibrium results did not well represent pulse results at short cooling times. A comprehensive series of CINDER'90 calculations was then made for irradiation times T of 0.1 ms, 1 s, 10 s, 100 s, 1000 s, and 4 hours; results were obtained at 60 decay times t extending to 800 s following irradiation. Comprehensive calculations were made using both the 1989 Pn data of England and Brady and the new Pn data of Pfeiffer, Kratz and Moller described elsewhere in this issue. The body of results for each system was included in fits to obtain the neutron production rate R(T, t) = Sigmaa(i)e(-lambdait) (1 - e(-lambdaiT)) for each system. Fits were made for the traditional sum of six exponentials, with all variables free to vary; additional fits were made for a sum of eight exponentials with decay constants set to values suggested by Piksaikin. The resulting pulse functions R(t), defined by the a(i) and lambda(i) thus obtained, accurately represent calculated delayed-neutron production when integrated with any irradiation history. The pulse functions thus produced and other published pulse functions fit to past measurements and calculations are compared numerically at several times after fission. Reactivity effects of all functions from measurements and calculations for each of the sixty systems are indicated by the asymptotic periods following positive 10phi - 50phi reactivity steps simulated in point-reactor kinetics calculations using the AIREK-10 code. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Nucl Phys Grp T16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilson, WB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Nucl Phys Grp T16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP 71 EP 107 AR PII S0149-1970(02)00006-9 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00006-9 PG 37 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 598EJ UT WOS:000178262200004 ER PT J AU Spriggs, GD Campbell, JM AF Spriggs, GD Campbell, JM TI A summary of measured delayed neutron group parameters SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB The experimentally-measured delayed neutron parameters for 20 different fissionable isotopes are summarized. The decay curves measured for each isotope are compared as a function of the incident neutron energy inducing the fissions. Based on these comparisons, it is concluded that the results are quite wide spread and that further experimental work should be performed to clearly identify the most accurate sets of delayed neutron parameters for use in reactor applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Spriggs, GD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F664, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP 145 EP 201 AR PII S0149-1970(02)00011-2 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00011-2 PG 57 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 598EJ UT WOS:000178262200009 ER PT J AU Piksaikin, VM Kazakov, LE Isaev, SG Tarasko, MZ Roshchenko, VA Tertytchnyi, RG Spriggs, GD Campbell, JM AF Piksaikin, VM Kazakov, LE Isaev, SG Tarasko, MZ Roshchenko, VA Tertytchnyi, RG Spriggs, GD Campbell, JM TI Energy dependence of relative abundances and periods of delayed neutrons from neutron-induced fission of (235)U, (238)U, (239)Pu in 6-and 8-group model representation SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERS AB he energy dependence of the relative abundances and periods has been, measured for neutron induced fission of the main fuel nuclides, (235)U and (239)Pu in the energy range from epi-thermal to 5 MeV and (238)U in the energy range from 1 to 5 MeV. The efforts undertaken in improving the experimental and data processing procedures made it possible to improve the accuracy of the delayed neutron parameters determining their time-dependent behavior. In terms of the average half-life of delayed neutron precursors - the value that unequivocally characterizes the particular fissioning system - the real scale of the changes in the relative abundances and periods of delayed neutrons were determined. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Region, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Piksaikin, VM (reprint author), Inst Phys & Power Engn, Bondarenko Sq 1, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Region, Russia. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP 203 EP 222 AR PII S0149-1970(02)00012-4 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00012-4 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 598EJ UT WOS:000178262200010 ER PT J AU Spriggs, GD Campbell, JM Piksaikin, VM AF Spriggs, GD Campbell, JM Piksaikin, VM TI An 8-group delayed neutron model based on a consistent set of half-lives SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Using a nonlinear least-squares fitting technique, the group parameters for 245 sets of experimentally-measured delayed neutron group constants for 20 fissionable isotopes have been expanded into an 8-group delayed neutron model based on a consistent set of group half-lives. During the expansion process, the reactivity scale for positive reactivities is conserved, as well as the time-dependent behavior of the reactor system as predicted by the original delayed neutron model. In addition, the mean half-life of the original delayed neutron set is conserved, as well as the overall uncertainty of the reactivity scale as quoted by the original experimenter. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Region, Russia. RP Spriggs, GD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F664, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 251 AR PII S0149-1970(02)00013-6 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00013-6 PG 29 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 598EJ UT WOS:000178262200011 ER PT J AU Campbell, JM Spriggs, GD AF Campbell, JM Spriggs, GD TI 8-group delayed neutron spectral data for Hansen-Roach energy group structure SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Campbell, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP 253 EP + AR PII S0149-1970(02)00014-8 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00014-8 PG 31 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 598EJ UT WOS:000178262200012 ER PT J AU Werner, CJ AF Werner, CJ TI Simulation of delayed neutrons using MCNP SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Accurate modeling of the delayed neutron response in a fission process has been a desired capability for MCNP(TM) (Briesmeister, 2000). After a year of data library and code development, a delayed neutron feature has now been incorporated into the latest version of MCNP, 4C. In this work, a validation of the integrated delayed neutron model is performed by comparisons to an analytic solution and experimental results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Werner, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP 385 EP 389 AR PII S0149-1970(02)00019-7 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00019-7 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 598EJ UT WOS:000178262200017 ER PT J AU Lake, JA AF Lake, JA TI The fourth generation of nuclear power SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Fujihara International Seminar of the Tokyo-Institute-of-Technology-on-Advanced-Nuclear-Energy-Systems Towards Zero Release of Radioactive Wastes CY NOV 06-09, 2000 CL SUSONO, JAPAN SP Tokyo Inst Technol Adv Nucl Energy Syst AB The outlook for nuclear power in the U.S. is currently very bright. The economics, operations and safety performance of U.S. nuclear power plants is excellent. In addition, both the safety and economic regulation of nuclear power are being changed to produce better economic parameters for future nuclear plant operations and the licenses for plant operations are being extended to 60 years. There is further a growing awareness of the value of clean, emissions-free nuclear power. These parameters combine to form a firm foundation for continued successful U.S. nuclear plant operations, and even the potential for new plant construction. In order to realize a bright future for nuclear power, we must respond successfully to five challenges: Nuclear power must remain economically competitive, The public must remain confident in the safety of the plants and the fuel cycle. Nuclear wastes and spent fuel must be managed and the ultimate disposition pathways for nuclear wastes must be politically settled. The proliferation potential of the commercial nuclear fuel cycle must continue to be minimized, and We must assure a sustained manpower supply for the future and preserve the critical nuclear technology infrastructure. The Generation IV program is conceived to focus the efforts of the international nuclear community on responding to these challenges. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lake, JA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625-3860, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 307 AR PII S0149-1970(02)00023-9 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00023-9 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 599KY UT WOS:000178334800005 ER PT J AU Van Tuyle, GJ Bennett, DR Herczeg, JW Arthur, ED Hill, DJ Finck, PJ AF Van Tuyle, GJ Bennett, DR Herczeg, JW Arthur, ED Hill, DJ Finck, PJ TI US Accelerator-driven Transmutation of Waste (ATW) program objectives, and technology development efforts SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Fujihara International Seminar of the Tokyo-Institute-of-Technology-on-Advanced-Nuclear-Energy-Systems Towards Zero Release of Radioactive Wastes CY NOV 06-09, 2000 CL SUSONO, JAPAN SP Tokyo Inst Technol Adv Nucl Energy Syst AB The U.S. Program to evaluate accelerator-driven systems for transmuting problematic, long-lived nuclear waste stream components was initiated during fiscal year 2000, based largely on the Accelerator-driven Transmutation of Waste (ATW) Technology Development Road Map developed during 1999. The Road Map (DOE/RW-0519) effort provided a long-range plan, involving technology development, demonstration, and deployment, as well as a recommended initial effort to evaluate the technology options for five or six years. This paper summarizes the ATW Research and Development Plan currently in draft form. Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), which are based in part on a system used by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in determining levels of flight readiness, was developed for use in assessing and advancing technologies relevant to waste transmutation. Based on TRLs and other considerations, the Program is screening technology options and prioritizing the long-term research and development effort. A top-level schedule illustrates the efforts planned to advance the important technology options in preparation for integrated system tests. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20503 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Van Tuyle, GJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,H816, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 357 EP 364 AR PII S0149-1970(02)00029-X DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00029-X PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 599KY UT WOS:000178334800011 ER PT J AU Wade, DC Yang, WS Khalil, H AF Wade, DC Yang, WS Khalil, H TI ATW neutronics design studies SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Fujihara International Seminar of the Tokyo-Institute-of-Technology-on-Advanced-Nuclear-Energy-Systems Towards Zero Release of Radioactive Wastes CY NOV 06-09, 2000 CL SUSONO, JAPAN SP Tokyo Inst Technol Adv Nucl Energy Syst AB The Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) concept has been proposed as a transuranics (TRU) (and long-lived fission product) incinerator for processing the 87,000 metric tonnes of Light Water Reactor (LWR) used fuel which will have been generated by the time the currently deployed fleet of commercial reactors in the US reach the end of their licensed lifetime. The ATW is proposed to separate the uranium from the transuranics and fission products in the LWR used fuel, to fission the transuranics, to send the LWR and ATW generated fission products to the geologic repository and to send the uranium to either a low level waste disposal site or to save it for future use. The heat liberated in fissioning the transuranics would be converted to electricity and sold to partially offset the cost of ATW construction and operations. Options for incineration of long-lived fission products are under evaluation. A six-year science-based program of ATW trade and system studies was initiated in the US FY 2000 to achieve two main purposes: (1) "to evaluate ATW within the framework of nonproliferation, waste management, and economic considerations," and (2) "to evaluate the efficacy of the numerous technical options for ATW system configuration." This paper summarizes the results from neutronics and thermal/hydraulics trade studies which were completed at Argonne National Laboratory during the first year of the program. Core designs were developed for Pb-Bi eutectic (LBE) cooled and Na cooled 840 MWth fast spectrum transmuter designs employing recycle. Additionally, neutronics analyses were performed at Argonne for a He cooled 600 MWth hybrid thermal and fast core design proposed by General Atomics Co. which runs critical for 3/4 and subcritical for 1/4 of its four year once-thru burn cycle. The mass flows and the ultimate loss of transuranic isotopes to the waste stream per unit of heat generated during transmutation have been calculated on a consistent basis and are compared. (Long-lived fission product incineration has not been considered in the. studies reported here.) (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wade, DC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 208, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Yang, Won Sik/0000-0003-0734-6023 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 497 EP 504 AR PII S0149-1970(02)00043-4 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00043-4 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 599KY UT WOS:000178334800025 ER PT J AU Takahashi, H AF Takahashi, H TI Deep underground transmutor (passive heat removal of LWR with hard neutron energy spectrum) SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Fujihara International Seminar of the Tokyo-Institute-of-Technology-on-Advanced-Nuclear-Energy-Systems Towards Zero Release of Radioactive Wastes CY NOV 06-09, 2000 CL SUSONO, JAPAN SP Tokyo Inst Technol Adv Nucl Energy Syst AB To run a high conversion reactor with Pu-Th fueled tight fueled assembly which has a long burn-up of a fuel, the reactor should be run in a deep under-ground. Putting the reactor in a deep under ground a reactor heat can be removed passively not only in steady state run and also in an emergency case of loss of coolant and loss of on-site power, and safety of reactor can be improved. Also we can minimize an evacuation area, and can run the reactor near consumer area. This reduces the cost of generating electricity by eliminating the container building and shortening the transmission line. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takahashi, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM takahash@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 681 EP 688 AR PII S0149-1970(02)00066-5 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00066-5 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 599KY UT WOS:000178334800047 ER PT S AU Masi, S De Bernardis, P De Troia, G Giacometti, M Iacoangeli, A Piacentini, F Polenta, G Ade, PAR Mauskopf, PD Bock, JJ Bond, JR Contaldi, CR Pogosyan, D Prunet, S Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Pascale, E Coble, K Farese, P Montroy, T Ruhl, JE Crill, BP Hristov, VV Jones, WC Lange, AE Mason, P De Gasperis, G Natoli, P Ganga, K Hivon, E Vittorio, N Jaffe, AH Martinis, L Scaramuzzi, F Melchiorri, A Netterfield, CB Pongetti, F Romeo, G AF Masi, S De Bernardis, P De Troia, G Giacometti, M Iacoangeli, A Piacentini, F Polenta, G Ade, PAR Mauskopf, PD Bock, JJ Bond, JR Contaldi, CR Pogosyan, D Prunet, S Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Pascale, E Coble, K Farese, P Montroy, T Ruhl, JE Crill, BP Hristov, VV Jones, WC Lange, AE Mason, P De Gasperis, G Natoli, P Ganga, K Hivon, E Vittorio, N Jaffe, AH Martinis, L Scaramuzzi, F Melchiorri, A Netterfield, CB Pongetti, F Romeo, G BE Faessler, A TI The BOOMERanG experiment and the curvature of the Universe SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 48 NO 1: NEURTRINOS IN ASTRO, PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics CY SEP 18-26, 2001 CL ERICE, ITALY ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; ANISOTROPIES; EMISSION; FIRAS; MAPS AB We. describe the BOOMERanG experiment and its main result, i.e. the measurement of the large scale curvature of the Universe. BOOMERanG is a balloon-borne microwave telescope with sensitive cryogenic detectors. BOOMERanG has measured the angular distribution of the Cosmic Microwave Background on similar to 3% of the sky, with a resolution of similar to 10 arcmin and a sensitivity of similar to 20muK per pixel. The resulting image is dominated by hot. and cold spots with rms fluctuations similar to 80muK and typical size of similar to 1degrees. The detailed angular power spectrum of the image features three peaks and two dips at l = (213(-13)(+10)) (541(-32)(+20)) (845(-25)(+12)) and l = (416(-12)(+22)), (750(-750)(+20)), respectively. Such very characteristic spectrum can be explained assurning that the detected structures are the result of acoustic oscillations in the primeval plasma. In this framework, the measured pattern constrains the, density parameter Omega to be 0.85 < Omega < 1.1 (95% confidence interval). Other cosmological parameters, like the spectral index of initial density fluctuations, the density parameter for baryons, dark matter and dark energy, are detected or constrained by the BOOMERanG measurements and by other recent, CMB anisotropy experiments. When combined with other cosmological observations, these results depict a new, consistent,, cosmological scenario. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON, Canada. LBNL, NERSC, Berkeley, CA USA. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Phys, Rome, Italy. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CFPA, Berkeley, CA USA. ENEA, Frascati, Italy. Nucl & Astrophys Lab, Oxford, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON, Canada. Ist Nazl Geofis, Rome, Italy. RP Masi, S (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; OI Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; ROMEO, Giovanni/0000-0002-5535-7803; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Melchiorri, Alessandro/0000-0001-5326-6003 NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2002 VL 48 IS 1 BP 243 EP 261 AR PII S0146-6410(02)00131-X DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(02)00131-X PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU79T UT WOS:000177028400029 ER PT J AU del Cueto, JA McMahon, TJ AF del Cueto, JA McMahon, TJ TI Analysis of leakage currents in photovoltaic modules under high-voltage bias in the field SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB As photovoltaic modules become more widely disseminated in high-power or utility-power applications, their ability to withstand high voltage relative to ground becomes a reliability issue. Long-term effects of exposure to high-voltage stress in the field are investigated. Starting in early 1998, four commercially available PV modules inaugurated the high-voltage stress test at the Outdoor Test Facility at NREL. Modules representing both crystalline and amorphous silicon technologies were deployed on the high-voltage stress testbed located outdoors in order to simulate and assess operation in high-voltage array configurations. They were biased at positive and negative polarity 600 Vat all times-except for 1 min at noon each day, when they were subjected to 2200 V bias-and their leakage currents to ground were monitored continuously. The ubiquitous effects of moisture on leakage conductance are analyzed. Module leakage conductance is found to be thermally activated with a characteristic energy that depends on relative humidity. Separate current paths likely responsible for leakage conductance are analyzed and identified at opposite ends of the relative humidity range. Leakage current data are integrated against time to arrive at accumulated charge due to long-term, high-voltage exposure. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP del Cueto, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, M-S 3411,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1002/pip.401 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 518BT UT WOS:000173647200002 ER PT J AU Ward, JS Ramanathan, K Hasoon, FS Coutts, TJ Keane, J Contreras, MA Moriarty, T Noufi, R AF Ward, JS Ramanathan, K Hasoon, FS Coutts, TJ Keane, J Contreras, MA Moriarty, T Noufi, R TI A 21.5% efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin-film concentrator solar cell SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article AB Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) solar cells have been designed for operation tinder mildly concentrated sunlight. The absorber was deposited via a three-stage evaporation process that has consistently yielded high-performance one-sun devices. The device structure reported here was modified by reducing the thickness of the US window/buffer layer to enhance the short-circuit current at the expense of the open-circuit voltage. Operation of the devices tinder optical enhancement leads to significant increases in the voltage and fill factor. At 14 suns, the open-circuit voltage for this device was 736 mV, the fill factor was 80.5%, and the efficiency was 21.5%. This result represents the first report of a polycrystalline thin-film solar cell with an efficiency in excess of 20%. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ward, JS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 92 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 37 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1002/pip.424 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 518BT UT WOS:000173647200005 ER PT J AU Green, MA Emery, K King, DL Igari, S Warta, W AF Green, MA Emery, K King, DL Igari, S Warta, W TI Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 19) SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article AB Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July 2001 are reviewed. Copyright. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ New S Wales, Ctr Photovoltaic Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. AIST, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Energy Elect Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, Dept Solar Cells Mat & Technol, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Ctr Photovoltaic Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM dlking@sandia.gov NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1002/pip.428 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 518BT UT WOS:000173647200007 ER PT S AU Kurtz, SR Allerman, AA Klem, JF Sieg, RM Seager, CH Jones, ED AF Kurtz, SR Allerman, AA Klem, JF Sieg, RM Seager, CH Jones, ED BE Jones, ED Manasreh, O Choquette, KD Friedman, DJ Johnstone, DK TI The role of nitrogen-induced localization and defects in InGaAsN (approximate to 2% N): Comparison of InGaAsN grown by molecular beam epitaxy and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO PROGRESS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Progress in Semiconductor Materials for Optoelectron Applications held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GAASN ALLOYS; BAND-GAP; LASERS AB Nitrogen vibrational mode spectra, Hall mobilities, and minority carrier diffusion lengths are examined for InGaAsN (approximate to 1.1 eV bandgap) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Independent of growth technique, annealing promotes the formation of In-N bonding, and lateral carrier transport is limited by large scale (much greater thanmean free path) material inhomogeneities. Comparing solar cell quantum efficiencies for devices grown by MBE and MOCVD, we find significant electron diffusion in the MBE material (reversed from the hole diffusion occurring in MOCVD material), and minority carrier diffusion in InGaAsN cannot be explained by a "universal", nitrogen-related defect. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kurtz, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-628-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 692 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU86U UT WOS:000177250200003 ER PT S AU Zhang, Y Fluegel, B Hanna, M Duda, A Mascarenhas, A AF Zhang, Y Fluegel, B Hanna, M Duda, A Mascarenhas, A BE Jones, ED Manasreh, O Choquette, KD Friedman, DJ Johnstone, DK TI Electronic structure near the band gap of heavily nitrogen doped GaAs and GaP SO PROGRESS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Progress in Semiconductor Materials for Optoelectron Applications held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID N-V ALLOYS; IMPURITY BAND; EVOLUTION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; LOCALIZATION; TRANSITIONS; DEPENDENCE; GAAS1-XNX; PAIRS AB Isoelectronic impurity nitrogen atoms have been found to generate a series of localized states in GaP and GaAs. These states can be either bound (within the band gap) or resonant (above the band gap) when in the dilute doping limit (roughly < 10(19) cm(-3) for GaP and < 10(18) cm(-3) for GaAs). With increasing nitrogen doping level, a shift of the absorption edge from the binary band gap has been observed for the so-called GaPN or GaAsN alloy. We discuss the similarity and dissimilarity between the two systems in the following aspects: (1) How does the nitrogen doping perturb the host band structure? (2) How do the nitrogen bound states evolve with increasing nitrogen doping level? (3) What are the dominant contributors to the band edge absorption? And (4) does a universal model exist for GaPN and GaAsN? Other issues that will be discussed are: how does one define the band gap for these materials, and what is the relevance of various theoretical band structure calculations to the experimentally measured parameters. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-628-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 692 BP 49 EP 60 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU86U UT WOS:000177250200007 ER PT S AU Jones, ED Bajaj, KK Coli, G Crooker, SA Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Olsen, JM AF Jones, ED Bajaj, KK Coli, G Crooker, SA Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Olsen, JM BE Jones, ED Manasreh, O Choquette, KD Friedman, DJ Johnstone, DK TI Exciton diamagnetic shifts and magnetic field dependent linewidths in ordered and disordered InGaP alloys SO PROGRESS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Progress in Semiconductor Materials for Optoelectron Applications held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE LINEWIDTH; RADIATIVE TRANSITIONS; MIXED-CRYSTALS AB We have measured the diamagnetic shifts and photoluminescence linewidths of excitonic transitions in ordered and disordered In0.48Ga0.52P alloys, lattice matched to GaAs, in pulsed magnetic fields at 4 and 76K. The pulsed magnetic field ranged between 0 and 50T. The variations diamagnetic shifts with magnetic field in disordered and weakly ordered samples are considerably smaller than those calculated using a free exciton model. For a given magnetic field, the value of the diamagnetic shifts are found to increase with increasing order parameter. Furthermore, for all samples, the diamagnetic shifts at 76K are larger than at 4K suggesting that the excitons are strongly localized. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jones, ED (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-628-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 692 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU86U UT WOS:000177250200043 ER PT S AU Romero, MJ Walters, RJ Al-Jassim, MM Messenger, SR Summers, GP AF Romero, MJ Walters, RJ Al-Jassim, MM Messenger, SR Summers, GP BE Jones, ED Manasreh, O Choquette, KD Friedman, DJ Johnstone, DK TI Irradiation effects in space solar cells made of multiple absorbers SO PROGRESS IN SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Progress in Semiconductor Materials for Optoelectron Applications held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID V/III RATIO; GA0.5IN0.5P; COLLECTION; GAINP AB Solar cells made of multiple absorbers are a commonly used approach for improving efficiency due to their extended range of spectral sensitivity. Indeed, efficiencies nearing the theoretical maximum have been achieved with a triple-junction device made of In0.51Ga0.49P (InGaP2), GaAs, and Ge solar cells connected in series. For extraterrestrial applications, there is the added requirement of radiation tolerance. The main challenge for space power-generation is therefore the development of highly efficient and radiation-tolerant devices. We have investigated several aspects of the radiation response of solar cells made of multiple absorbers, such as multijunction devices and quantum-well solar cells. Novel possibilities such as quantum-dot solar cells and ordered-disordered heterostructures are proposed. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-628-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 692 BP 587 EP 598 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU86U UT WOS:000177250200084 ER PT J AU Cava, RJ DiSalvo, FJ Brus, LE Dunbar, KR Gorman, CB Haile, SM Interrante, LV Musfeldt, JL Navrotsky, A Nuzzo, RG Pickett, WE Wilkinson, AP Ahn, C Allen, JW Burns, PC Ceder, G Chidsey, CED Clegg, W Coronado, E Dai, HJ Deem, MW Dunn, BS Galli, G Jacobson, AJ Kanatzidis, M Lin, WB Manthiram, A Mrksich, M Norris, DJ Nozik, AJ Peng, XG Rawn, C Rolison, D Singh, DJ Toby, BH Tolbert, S Wiesner, UB Woodward, PM Yang, PD AF Cava, RJ DiSalvo, FJ Brus, LE Dunbar, KR Gorman, CB Haile, SM Interrante, LV Musfeldt, JL Navrotsky, A Nuzzo, RG Pickett, WE Wilkinson, AP Ahn, C Allen, JW Burns, PC Ceder, G Chidsey, CED Clegg, W Coronado, E Dai, HJ Deem, MW Dunn, BS Galli, G Jacobson, AJ Kanatzidis, M Lin, WB Manthiram, A Mrksich, M Norris, DJ Nozik, AJ Peng, XG Rawn, C Rolison, D Singh, DJ Toby, BH Tolbert, S Wiesner, UB Woodward, PM Yang, PD TI Future directions in solid state chemistry: report of the NSF-sponsored workshop SO PROGRESS IN SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; HYDROGEN-STORAGE; HIGH-PRESSURE; PHASE-STABILITY; IN-SITU; X-RAYS; COPOLYMER; MANTLE; SHAPE; FUEL AB A long-established area of scientific excellence in Europe, solid state chemistry has emerged in the US in the past two decades as a field experiencing rapid growth and development. At its core, it is an interdisciplinary melding of chemistry, physics, engineering, and materials science, as it focuses on the design, synthesis and structural characterization of new chemical compounds and characterization of their physical properties. As a consequence of this inherently interdisciplinary character, the solid state chemistry community is highly open to the influx of new ideas and directions. The inclusionary character of the field's culture has been a significant factor in its continuing growth and vitality. This report presents an elaboration of discussions held during an NSF-sponsored workshop on Future Directions in Solid State Chemistry, held on the UC Davis Campus in October 2001. That workshop was the second of a series of workshops planned in this topical area. The first, held at NSF headquarters in Arlington, Virginia, in January of 1998, was designed to address the core of the field, describing how it has developed in the US and worldwide in the past decade, and how the members of the community saw the central thrusts of research and education in solid state chemistry proceeding in the next several years. A report was published on that workshop (J.M. Honig, chair, "Proceedings of the Workshop on the Present Status and Future Developments of Solid State Chemistry and Materials", Arlington, VA, January 15-16, 1998) describing the state of the field and recommendations for future development of the core discipline. In the spirit of continuing to expand the scope of the solid state chemistry community into new areas of scientific inquiry, the workshop elaborated in this document was designed to address the interfaces between our field and fields where we thought there would be significant opportunity for the development of new scientific advancements through increased interaction. The 7 topic areas, described in detail in this report, ranged from those with established ties to solid state chemistry such as Earth and planetary sciences, and energy storage and conversion, to those such as condensed matter physics, where the connections are in their infancy, to biology, where the opportunities for connections are largely unexplored. Exciting ties to materials chemistry were explored in discussions on molecular materials and nanoscale science, and a session on the importance of improving the ties between solid state chemists and experts in characterization at national experimental facilities was included. The full report elaborates these ideas extensively. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Baker Lab 102, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab 2477, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Chem, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Valencia, Inst Ciencia Mol, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL USA. NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dai, HJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Haile, Sossina/I-3448-2015; Tolbert, Sarah/L-2321-2016; peng, xiaogang/R-6184-2016; Gorman, Christopher/A-3463-2008; icmol, icmol/I-5784-2015; Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; Lin, Wenbin/B-4151-2010; Clegg, William/B-2491-2010; Mrksich, Milan/G-2469-2011; Norris, David/F-4022-2010; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013; Coronado, Eugenio/E-8960-2014; Dunbar, Kim/B-6488-2015; Deem, Michael/P-3595-2014 OI peng, xiaogang/0000-0002-5606-8472; Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628; Clegg, William/0000-0003-1643-5298; Gorman, Christopher/0000-0001-7367-2965; Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Lin, Wenbin/0000-0001-7035-7759; Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; Dunbar, Kim/0000-0001-5728-7805; Deem, Michael/0000-0002-4298-3450 NR 91 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6786 J9 PROG SOLID STATE CH JI Prog. Solid State Chem. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0079-6786(02)00010-9 PG 101 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 641YP UT WOS:000180774900001 ER PT J AU Catellani, A Galli, G AF Catellani, A Galli, G TI Theoretical studies of silicon carbide surfaces SO PROGRESS IN SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE silicon carbide; density functional calculations; chemisorption; surface relaxation and reconstruction ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; TERMINATED SIC(001) SURFACE; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; ASYMMETRIC-DIMER RECONSTRUCTION; MOTT-HUBBARD INSULATOR; LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; HEXAGONAL SIC SURFACES; CORE-LEVEL SHIFTS; BETA-SIC(100) SURFACE AB Recent results on ab initio calculations of electronic and structural properties of SiC surfaces are reviewed. Particular attention is given to cubic SiC surfaces, and to the (0 0 1) plane of the cubic polytype, which is still open to controversy from both the theoretical and experimental side. Furthermore, new exciting evidence of self-aggregating low-dimensional structures has been reported, which is well characterized by first-principles simulations. Results on both stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric surface reconstructions for the cubic and hexagonal polytypes are presented, as well as some recent calculations regarding adsorption and initial stages of nitride and oxide growth on crystalline SiC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, MASPEC, I-43010 Parma, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Catellani, A (reprint author), CNR, MASPEC, Parco Nazl Sci 37A, I-43010 Parma, Italy. EM catellani@maspec.bo.cnr.it OI Catellani, Alessandra/0000-0001-5197-7186 NR 131 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6816 J9 PROG SURF SCI JI Prog. Surf. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 69 IS 4-6 BP 101 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0079-6816(01)00048-X PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 508RB UT WOS:000173101800001 ER PT J AU Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W AF Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W TI Mean-field and pairing properties of exotic nuclei: Exploring the nuclear landscape SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Yukawa International Seminar on Physics of Unstable Nuclei CY NOV 05-10, 2001 CL KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS, KYOTO, JAPAN SP Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Yukawa Mem Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol Japan, Kyoto Univ Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn, Matsushita Elect Ind Co, Sanyo Elect Co, Omron corp, Asahi Breweries HO KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS ID HYPERHEAVY NUCLEI; BUBBLE NUCLEI; SUPERHEAVY; SUPERFLUIDITY; CONTINUUM; ENERGY; DECAY; MODEL AB In years to come, we shall see substantial progress in our understanding of nuclear structure - a rich and many-faceted field. An important element in this task will be to extend the study of nuclei into new domains. The journey to "the limits" of isospin, angular momentum, and mass and charge is a quest for new and unexpected phenomena which await us in uncharted territories. What is extremely important from a theoretical point of view is that the new data are also expected to bring qualitatively new information about the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction and hence about the fundamental properties of the nucleonic many-body system. The main objective of this presentation is to discuss some of the challenges and opportunities for nuclear structure research with radioactive nuclear beams. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dobaczewski, J (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2002 IS 146 BP 70 EP 83 PG 14 GA 631WL UT WOS:000180190000011 ER PT J AU Burvenich, T Madland, DG Sulaksono, A Maruhn, J Reinhard, PG AF Burvenich, T Madland, DG Sulaksono, A Maruhn, J Reinhard, PG TI A relativistic point coupling model for nuclear structure calculations SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Yukawa International Seminar on Physics of Unstable Nuclei CY NOV 05-10, 2001 CL KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS, KYOTO, JAPAN SP Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Yukawa Mem Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol Japan, Kyoto Univ Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn, Matsushita Elect Ind Co, Sanyo Elect Co, Omron corp, Asahi Breweries HO KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS ID MEAN-FIELD MODELS; SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; LAGRANGIANS; HYPERHEAVY AB A relativistic point coupling model is discussed focussing on a variety of aspects. In addition to the coupling using various bilinear Dirac invariants, derivative terms are also included to simulate finite-range effects. The formalism is presented for nuclear structure calculations of ground state properties of nuclei in the Hartree approximation. Different fitting strategies for the determination of the parameters have been applied and the quality of the fit obtainable in this model is discussed. The model is then compared more generally to other mean-field approaches both formally and in the context of applications to ground-state properties of known and superheavy nuclei. Naturalness and perspectives for further extensions such as an exact treatment of the exchange terms using a; higher-order Fierz transformation are discussed briefly. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Burvenich, T (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Robert Mayer Str 10, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2002 IS 146 BP 130 EP 134 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 631WL UT WOS:000180190000017 ER PT J AU Bertsch, GF Esbensen, H AF Bertsch, GF Esbensen, H TI Dynamic effects in fragmentation reactions SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Yukawa International Seminar on Physics of Unstable Nuclei CY NOV 05-10, 2001 CL KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS, KYOTO, JAPAN SP Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Yukawa Mem Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol Japan, Kyoto Univ Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn, Matsushita Elect Ind Co, Sanyo Elect Co, Omron Corp, Asahi Breweries HO KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS ID HALO NUCLEI; COULOMB DISSOCIATION; BREAKUP REACTIONS; STOPPING POWER; CROSS-SECTION; LOW ENERGIES; B-8; LI-11; MEV/NUCLEON AB Fragmentation reactions offer a useful tool to study the spectroscopy of halo nuclei, but the large extent of the halo wave function makes the reaction theory more difficult. The simple reaction models based on the eikonal approximation for. the nuclear interaction or first-order perturbation theory for the Coulomb interaction have systematic errors that we investigate here, comparing to the predictions of a complete dynamical calculations. We find that stripping probabilities are underpredicted by the eikonal model, leading to extracted spectroscopic strengths that are two large. In contrast, the Coulomb excitation is overpredicted by the simple theory. We attribute this to a screening effect, as is well know in the Barkas effect on stopping powers. The errors decrease with beam energy as E-beam(-1), and are not significant at beam energies above 50 MeV/n. At lower beam energies, the effects should be taken into account when extracting quantitative spectroscopic strengths. C1 Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2002 IS 146 BP 319 EP 328 PG 10 GA 631WL UT WOS:000180190000038 ER PT J AU Davids, CN Esbensen, H AF Davids, CN Esbensen, H TI New theoretical results on the proton decay of deformed and near-spherical nuclei SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Yukawa International Seminar on Physics of Unstable Nuclei CY NOV 05-10, 2001 CL KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS, KYOTO, JAPAN SP Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Yukawa Mem Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol Japan, Kyoto Univ Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn, Matsushita Elect Ind Co, Sanyo Elect Co, Omron Corp, Asahi Breweries HO KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS ID FINE-STRUCTURE; EMITTERS; EU-131; HO-141 AB We discuss new theoretical results on the decay of deformed and near-spherical nuclei. We interpret the latest experimental results on deformed odd-A proton emitters, including fine structure, and discuss the use of particle-vibration coupling to calculate the decay rates of near-spherical emitters. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2002 IS 146 BP 358 EP 362 PG 5 GA 631WL UT WOS:000180190000042 ER PT J AU Carlson, J Cowell, S Morales, J Ravenhall, DG Pandharipande, VR AF Carlson, J Cowell, S Morales, J Ravenhall, DG Pandharipande, VR TI The nuclear matter problem SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Yukawa International Seminar on Physics of Unstable Nuclei CY NOV 05-10, 2001 CL KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS, KYOTO, JAPAN SP Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Yukawa Mem Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol Japan, Kyoto Univ Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn, Matsushita Elect Ind Co, Sanyo Elect Co, Omron Corp, Asahi Breweries HO KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS ID QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO; ART. NO. 014001; POTENTIALS; SYSTEMS; MODELS; BETHE AB We review the present status of the many-body theory of nuclear and pure neutron matter based on realistic models of nuclear forces. The current models of two- and three-nucleon interactions are discussed along with recent results obtained with the Brueckner and variational methods. New initiatives in the variational method and quantum Monte Carlo methods to study pure neutron matter are described, and finally, the analytic behavior of the energy of pure neutron matter at low densities is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2002 IS 146 BP 363 EP 372 PG 10 GA 631WL UT WOS:000180190000043 ER PT J AU Wiringa, RB AF Wiringa, RB TI Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of light nuclei SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Yukawa International Seminar on Physics of Unstable Nuclei CY NOV 05-10, 2001 CL KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS, KYOTO, JAPAN SP Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Yukawa Mem Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol Japan, Kyoto Univ Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn, Matsushita Elect Ind Co, Sanyo Elect Co, Omron Corp, Asahi Breweries HO KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS ID FEW-BODY NUCLEI; ART. NO. 014001; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS; 3-BODY; MODELS AB Accurate quantum Monte Carlo calculations of ground and low-lying excited states of light p-shell nuclei have been made for realistic nuclear forces. These include two-nucleon potentials that reproduce nucleon-nucleon scattering data and meson-exchange three-nucleon potentials constrained to reproduce the binding energies of s-shell nuclei. At present, results for more than 40 different (J(pi); T) states in A less than or equal to 10 nuclei, plus isobaric analogs, have been obtained, with an excellent reproduction of the experimental energy spectrum. These microscopic calculations show that nuclear structure, including both single-particle and clustering aspects, can be explained starting from elementary two- and three-nucleon interactions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wiringa@anl.gov RI Wiringa, Robert/M-4970-2015 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2002 IS 146 BP 403 EP 412 PG 10 GA 631WL UT WOS:000180190000048 ER PT J AU Suzuki, Y Lovas, RG Varga, K AF Suzuki, Y Lovas, RG Varga, K TI Study of light exotic nuclei with a Stochastic variational method - Application to lithium isotopes SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Yukawa International Seminar on Physics of Unstable Nuclei CY NOV 05-10, 2001 CL KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS, KYOTO, JAPAN SP Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Yukawa Mem Fdn, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit 1970, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol Japan, Kyoto Univ Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn, Matsushita Elect Ind Co, Sanyo Elect Co, Omron Corp, Asahi Breweries HO KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA INST THEORET PHYS ID INTERACTION CROSS-SECTIONS; NEUTRON-HALO; LI-11; MODEL; BEAMS; RADII AB The stochastic variational method on correlated Gaussian basis was applied to the study of the structure of light exotic nuclei. The halo structure of Li-11 was described in a Li-9+n+n picture by including the distortion of the Li-9 core as well as the correlation among the core and the neutrons. The treatment was fully microscopic and successfully reproduced virtually all the properties of Li-11 consistently with Li-9. Two p-wave resonances of Li-10 were predicted around 300-500 keV above the Li-9+n threshold. C1 Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, ATOMKI, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. RI Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2002 IS 146 BP 413 EP 421 PG 9 GA 631WL UT WOS:000180190000049 ER PT B AU Tsibakhashvili, N Abuladze, M Asatiani, N Bakradze, N Holman, HY Kalabegishvili, T Kartvelishvili, T Rcheulishvili, A Sapojnikova, N Mosulishvili, L AF Tsibakhashvili, N Abuladze, M Asatiani, N Bakradze, N Holman, HY Kalabegishvili, T Kartvelishvili, T Rcheulishvili, A Sapojnikova, N Mosulishvili, L BE Kungolos, AG Liakopoulos, AB Korfiatis, GP Koutsospyros, AD Katsifarakis, KL Demetracopoulos, AD TI Chromium reduction by Arthrobacter oxydans SO PROTECTION AND RESTORATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT VI, VOLS I - III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Protection and Restoration of the Environment CY JUL 01-05, 2002 CL SKIATHOS ISL, GREECE SP Minist Environm, Phys Planning & Public Works, Municipal Skiathos, USA Res, Dev & Standardizat Grp, Magnesia Prefecture, Volos & Nea Ionia Municipal Assoc Solid Waste Disposal, Univ Thessaly, Res Comm, Univ Thessaly, Civil Engn, Univ Thessaly, Dept Planning & Reg Dev, Stevens Inst Technol, HERACLES G C Co S A, SOVEL S A BIOCHALCO Grp, Coca-Cola 3E Hellen Bottling Co, Themeliodomi S A, SCIETACT S A, AIAS RESEARCH Ltd, AIR METAL Ltd, AQUACHEM Ltd, ARVIS Environm Enterprise Greece, Bio Eco Sol S A, Eurotrans Consulting Ltd, ENVITEC S A, INTERGEO EnvironmTechnol Ltd, BAKAKOS S A, APOSTOLAKIS S A ARGO WINE, EPSA S A, Karkanias Environm Technol SA ID CHROMATE REDUCTION; DNA AB The reduction of Cr(VI) [as K2sCrO4] by Arthrobacter oxydans - endolithic (rock/mineral inhabiting) bacterium isolated from Columbia basalt rocks (USA) was studied. It was shown that the efficiency of Cr(VI) reduction and uptake is dose-dependent, time-dependent and also growth-phase dependent. It was found that up to concentration of 50 mug/mL for Cr(VI), both the complete reduction of chromate in the nutrient medium and the intensive increase of chromium content in the cells take place. The correlation between cytotoxicity and chromium uptake was established. Besides the kinetic of Cr(V) formation was studied. It was established that one part of Cr(VI) reduces at least to Cr(V) on the bacterial cell surface. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsibakhashvili, N (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GRAFIMA LOANNIS TSAROUCHIDIS PI THESSALONIKI PA 62-68, D GOUNARI, THESSALONIKI 54635, GREECE BN 960-86574-5-8 PY 2002 BP 755 EP 762 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BV61E UT WOS:000179504900091 ER PT S AU Feng, WC Fisk, M Gardner, M Weigle, E AF Feng, WC Fisk, M Gardner, M Weigle, E BE Carle, G Zitterbart, M TI Dynamic right-sizing: An automated, lightweight, and scalable technique for enhancing grid performance SO PROTOCOLS FOR HIGH SPEED NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Protocols for High Speed Networks CY APR 22-24, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP T Syst Nova Berkom, Siemens AG, Network Labs Heidelberg, NEC Europe Ltd, Informat & Commun Networks AB With the advent of computational grids, networking performance over the wide-area network (WAN) has become a critical component in the grid infrastructure. Unfortunately, many high-performance grid applications only use a small fraction of their available bandwidth because operating systems and their associated protocol stacks are still tuned for yesterday's WAN speeds. As a result, network gurus undertake the tedious process of manually tuning system buffers to allow TCP flow control to scale to today's WAN grid environments. And although recent research has shown how to set the size of these system buffers automatically at connection set-up, the buffer sizes are only appropriate at the beginning of the connection's lifetime. To address these problems, we describe an automated and lightweight technique called dynamic right-sizing that can improve throughput by as much as an order of magnitude while still abiding by TCP semantics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, RADIANT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Feng, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, RADIANT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43658-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2334 BP 69 EP 83 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW26Z UT WOS:000181393700005 ER PT J AU Rector, T Perlman, E Sambruna, R Madejski, G Rantakyro, F AF Rector, T Perlman, E Sambruna, R Madejski, G Rantakyro, F CA CANGAROO Collaboration TI Multifrequency monitoring of the blazar PKS 2005-489 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT White Workshop on AGN Variability Across the Electromagnetic Spectrum CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL CSIRO ATNF, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO CSIRO ATNF DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (PKS 2005-489) ID SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; PKS-2005-489 AB We present a multifrequency monitoring campaign of PKS 2005-489, a bright and highly variable blazar. Simultaneous observations were completed over a 13 day period in the X-ray with RXTE, in the optical at the CTIO 0.9 m telescope, at TeV energies with CANGAROO-II, and at submillimetre wavelengths with SEST. Previous multiwavelength monitoring campaigns of PKS 2005-489 and other blazars have found complex flux and spectral variability behaviour, with different modes and timescales from days to hours and shorter. PKS 2005 489 was observed in transition from a quiescent state into the early stages of a flare. A gradual increase in flux density was observed at optical and X-ray wavelengths during 19-27 August 2000, and a dramatic increase in X-ray emission was observed starting on 2 September 2000. Intraday and spectral variability were not detected during the campaign. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Maryland BC, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. European So Observ, Santiago, Chile. RP Rector, T (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. OI Perlman, Eric/0000-0002-3099-1664 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 158 EP 160 DI 10.1071/As01115 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 567JW UT WOS:000176482500035 ER PT J AU Leonard, DC Filippenko, AV Gates, EL Li, WD Eastman, RG Barth, AJ Bus, SJ Chornock, R Coil, AL Frink, S Grady, CA Harris, AW Malkan, MA Matheson, T Quirrenbach, A Treffers, RR AF Leonard, DC Filippenko, AV Gates, EL Li, WD Eastman, RG Barth, AJ Bus, SJ Chornock, R Coil, AL Frink, S Grady, CA Harris, AW Malkan, MA Matheson, T Quirrenbach, A Treffers, RR TI The distance to SN 1999em in NGC 1637 from the expanding photosphere method SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; TELESCOPE KEY PROJECT; OPTICAL LIGHT-CURVE; II SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE CONSTANT; STANDARD STARS; IA SUPERNOVAE; LINE IDENTIFICATIONS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; CEPHEID DISTANCE AB We present 30 optical spectra and 49 photometric epochs sampling the first 517 days after discovery of supernova (SN) 1999em and derive its distance through the expanding photosphere method (EPM). SN 1999em is shown to be a Type II-plateau (II-P) event, with a photometric plateau lasting until about 100 days after explosion. We identify the dominant ions responsible for most of the absorption features seen in the optical portion of the spectrum during the plateau phase. Using the weakest unblended absorption features to estimate photospheric velocity, we find the distance to SN 1999em to be D=8.2+/-0.6 Mpc, with an explosion date of HJD 2,451,475.6+/-1.4 or 5.3+/-1.4 days before discovery. We show that this distance estimate is about 10% closer than the distance that results if the strong Fe II lambdalambda4924, 5018, 5169 absorption features, which have often been used in previous EPM studies, are used to estimate photospheric velocity. We examine potential sources of systematic error in EPM-derived distances and find the most significant to result from uncertainty in the theoretical modeling of the flux distribution emitted by the SN photosphere (i.e., the "flux dilution factor"). We compare previously derived EPM distances to eight SNe II in galaxies (or members of the same group) for which a recently revised Cepheid distance exists from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project and find D(Cepheids)/D(EPM) = 0.87+/-0.06 (statistical); eliminating the three SNe II distances for which a Cepheid distance exists only to a group member, and not the host galaxy itself, yields. D(Cepheids)/D(EPM) = 0.96+/-0.09. Additional direct comparisons, especially to spectroscopically and photometrically normal SNe II-P, will certainly help to produce a more robust comparison. Finally, we investigate the possible use of SNe II-P as standard candles and find that for eight photometrically confirmed SNe II-P with previously derived EPM distances and SN 1999em, the mean plateau absolute brightness is (M) over bar (v)(plateau) = -16.4+/-0.6 mag, implying that distances good to similar to30% (1 sigma) may be possible without the need for a complete EPM analysis. At (M) over bar (v)(plateau) = -15.9+/-0.2 mag, SN 1999em is somewhat fainter than the average SN II-P. The general consistency of absolute SNe II-P brightness during the plateau suggests that the standard candle assumption may allow SNe II-P to be viable cosmological beacons at z>2. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Mt Hamilton, CA 95140 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Leonard, DC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM leonard@nova.astro.umass.edu NR 99 TC 174 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 114 IS 791 BP 35 EP 64 DI 10.1086/324785 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 508ML UT WOS:000173092800004 ER PT J AU Phillips, WS Rutledge, JT House, LS Fehler, MC AF Phillips, WS Rutledge, JT House, LS Fehler, MC TI Induced microearthquake patterns in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs: Six case studies SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE induced microseismicity; geothermal; oil and gas; fluid flow; location ID SOURCE PARAMETERS; CROSS-CORRELATION; FENTON-HILL; NEW-MEXICO; EARTHQUAKES; ROCK; CALIFORNIA; LOCATIONS; SEQUENCE; EVENTS AB The injection or production of fluids can induce microseismic events in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs. By deploying sensors downhole, data sets have been collected that consist of a few hundred to well over 10,000 induced events. We find that most induced events cluster into well-defined geometrical patterns. In many cases, we must apply high-precision, relative location techniques to observe these patterns. At three sedimentary sites, thin horizontal strands of activity are commonly found within the location patterns. We believe this reflects fracture containment between stratigraphic layers of differing mechanical properties or states of stress. At a massive carbonate and two crystalline sites, combinations of linear and planar features indicate networks of intersecting fractures and allow us to infer positions of aseismic fractures through their influence on the location patterns. In addition, the fine-scale seismicity patterns often evolve systematically with time. At sedimentary sites, migration of seismicity toward the injection point has been observed and may result from slip-induced stress along fractures that initially have little resolved shear. In such cases, triggering events may be critical to generate high levels of seismic activity. At one crystalline site, the early occurrence of linear features that traverse planes of activity indicate permeable zones and possible flow paths within fractures. We hope the continued development of microseismic techniques and refinement of conceptual models will further increase our understanding of fluid behavior and lead to improved resource management in fractured reservoirs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seism Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Phillips, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seism Res Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 50 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 159 IS 1-3 BP 345 EP 369 DI 10.1007/PL00001256 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 509WV UT WOS:000173173600015 ER PT J AU House, LS Flores, R AF House, LS Flores, R TI Seismological studies of a fluid injection in sedimentary rocks, east Texas SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE induced seismicity; hydraulic fracturing; seismicity monitoring; fault plane solutions; seismic imaging ID GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR; STRESS; SITE; VELOCITIES; INVERSION; FRACTURE; SYSTEMS; FIELD; JAPAN; WAVE AB Induced microseismicity data from a large volume fluid injection into sedimentary rock was analyzed to study the fracture system, fluid pathways, and state of stress in the lower Frio formation in east Texas. Seismicity data are from two arrays of 25 3-component geophone packages sited in two monitoring boreholes. From a total of 2,894 event triggers, a subset of 54 microearthquakes was chosen for their high quality seismograms and clear P and S arrivals. Arrival times were picked with a precision of 0.5 to 1.0 ms, and microearthquakes were located with hypocentral uncertainties estimated as less than 1020 m. Hypocenters farthest from the injection well define a nearly horizontal tube of seismicity approximately aligned in the direction of the injection well. A simultaneous inversion of arrival times for transverse isotropic velocity structure and hypocenters yielded P-wave anisotropy of -14% and S-wave anisotropy of -2%. Thus, velocities along vertical ray paths are higher than those along horizontal paths, probably because of lithologic differences. Single-event focal mechanisms were determined for 47 events, and many of them are normal fault type. The minimum principal stress derived from the focal mechanisms is nearly horizontal and trends approximately north-south, consistent with the regional stress state. An imaging analysis of the seismograms shows the presence of strong seismic scatterers at positions that correlate with boundaries seen in the hypocenters; both features probably result from a similar set of heterogeneities. This study demonstrates the abundance of information that can be extracted from induced seismicity data and underscores the value of induced seismicity monitoring for studying the fluid and fracture systems created by fluid injections. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Seism Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP House, LS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Seism Res Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 159 IS 1-3 BP 371 EP 401 DI 10.1007/PL00001257 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 509WV UT WOS:000173173600016 ER PT J AU Rowe, CA Aster, RC Phillips, WS Jones, RH Borchers, B Fehler, MC AF Rowe, CA Aster, RC Phillips, WS Jones, RH Borchers, B Fehler, MC TI Using automated, high-precision repicking to improve delineation of microseismic structures at the Soultz geothermal reservoir SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cross correlation; phase repicking; automatic algorithm; precise relocation; microearthquakes ID SOUS-FORETS; MICROEARTHQUAKE CLUSTERS; VELOCITY VARIATIONS; RELATIVE LOCATIONS; CALIFORNIA; FAULT; EARTHQUAKES; SEISMICITY; FRANCE; RECURRENCE AB An automatic, adaptive, correlation-based algorithm for adjusting phase picks in large digital seismic data sets provides significant improvement in resolution of microseismic structures using only a small fraction of the time and manpower which would be required to re-analyze waveforms manually or semi-automatically. We apply this technique to induced seismicity at the Soultz-sous-Forets geothermal site, France. The method is first applied to a small, previously manually repicked subset of the catalogue so that we may compare our results to those obtained from painstaking, visual, cross-correlation-based techniques. Relative centroid-adjusted hypocenters show a decrease in median mislocation from 31 to 7 m for preliminary and automatically adjusted picks, respectively, compared to the manual results. Narrow, intersecting joint features not observed in the preliminary hypocenter cloud, but revealed through manual repicking, are also recovered using the automatic method. We then address a larger catalogue of similar to7000 microearthquakes. After relocating the events using automatic repicks, the percentage of events clustering within 5 m of their nearest neighbor increases form 5 to 26% of the catalogue. Hypocenter relocations delineate narrow, linear features previously obscured within the seismic cloud, interpreted as faults or fractures which may correspond to fluid propagation paths, or to changes in stress as a result of elevated pore pressures. RMS travel-time residuals for the larger data set are reduced by only 0.2%; however, phase-pick biases in the preliminary catalogue have influenced both the velocity model and station correction calculations, which will affect location residuals. These pick biases are apparent on the adjusted, stacked waveforms and correcting them will be important prior to future velocity model refinements. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ABB Offshore Syst Ltd, Penryn T10 9DU, Cornwall, England. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Math, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Rowe, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Borchers, Brian/C-1984-2008; Aster, Richard/E-5067-2013 OI Borchers, Brian/0000-0001-5370-5811; Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906 NR 57 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 159 IS 1-3 BP 563 EP 596 DI 10.1007/PL00001265 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 509WV UT WOS:000173173600024 ER PT J AU Hamada, M AF Hamada, M TI Bayesian tolerance interval control limits for attributes SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE control-both-tails; control chart; probability content; start-up process AB The probability content of standard control limits for attributes can vary because distribution parameters that appear in the control limits are estimated based on previous data. This paper proposes using Bayesian tolerance interval control limits which control the probability content at a specified level with a given confidence. Bayesian tolerance interval control limits are developed for np, p, c and u charts and are illustrated with four examples from the literature. Moreover, Bayesian tolerance interval control limits can be used for processes at start-up. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hamada, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1002/qre.452 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 532VV UT WOS:000174496500007 ER PT S AU Pelekhov, DV Martin, I Suter, A Reagor, DW Hammel, PC AF Pelekhov, DV Martin, I Suter, A Reagor, DW Hammel, PC BE Lott, JA Ledentsov, NN Malloy, KJ Kane, BE Sigmon, TW TI Magnetic resonance force microscopy and the solid state quantum computer SO QUANTUM DOT DEVICES AND COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dot Devices and Computing CY JAN 21, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID ALGORITHMS; NMR AB A Quantum Computer (QC) is a device that utilizes the principles of Quantum Mechanics to perform computations. Such a machine would be capable of accomplishing tasks not achievable by means of any conventional digital computer, for instance factoring large numbers. Currently it appears that the QC architecture based on an array of spin quantum bits (qubits) embedded in a solid-state matrix is one of the most promising approaches to fabrication of a scalable QC. However, the fabrication and operation of a Solid State Quantum Computer (SSQC) presents very formidable challenges;, primary amongst these are: (1) the characterization and control of the fabrication process of the device during its construction and (2) the readout of the computational result. Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy (MRFM)-a novel scanning probe technique based on mechanical detection of magnetic resonance-provides an attractive means of addressing these requirements. The sensitivity of the MRFM significantly exceeds that of conventional magnetic resonance measurement methods, and it has the potential for single electron spin detection. Moreover, the MRFM is capable of true 3D subsurface imaging. These features will make MRFM an invaluable tool for the implementation of a spin-based QC. Here we present the general principles of MRFM operation, the current status of its development and indicate future directions for its improvement. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pelekhov, DV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4395-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4656 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.460799 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU48S UT WOS:000176126800001 ER PT S AU Schenkel, T Meijer, J Persaud, A McDonald, JW Holder, JP Schneider, DH AF Schenkel, T Meijer, J Persaud, A McDonald, JW Holder, JP Schneider, DH BE Lott, JA Ledentsov, NN Malloy, KJ Kane, BE Sigmon, TW TI Single ion implantation for solid state quantum computer development SO QUANTUM DOT DEVICES AND COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dot Devices and Computing CY JAN 21, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; SILICON; SLOW AB Several solid state quantum computer schemes are based on the manipulation of electron and nuclear spins of single donor atoms in a solid matrix. The fabrication of qubit arrays requires the placement of individual atoms with nanometer precision and high efficiency. In this article we describe first results from low dose, low energy implantations and our development of a low energy (<10 keV), single ion implantation scheme for P-31(q+) ions. When P-31(q+) ions impinge on a wafer surface, their potential energy (9.3 keV for P15+) is released, and about 20 secondary electrons are emitted. The emission of multiple secondary electrons allows detection of each ion impact with 100% efficiency. The beam spot on target is controlled by beam focusing and collimation. Exactly one ion is implanted into a selected area avoiding a Poissonian distribution of implanted ions. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4395-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4656 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1117/12.460808 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU48S UT WOS:000176126800002 ER PT J AU Xu, KM Cederwall, RT Donner, LJ Grabowski, WW Guichard, F Johnson, DE Khairoutdinov, M Krueger, SK Petch, JC Randall, DA Seman, CJ Tao, WK Wang, DH Xie, SC Yio, JJ Zhang, MH AF Xu, KM Cederwall, RT Donner, LJ Grabowski, WW Guichard, F Johnson, DE Khairoutdinov, M Krueger, SK Petch, JC Randall, DA Seman, CJ Tao, WK Wang, DH Xie, SC Yio, JJ Zhang, MH TI An intercomparison of cloud-resolving models with the atmospheric radiation measurement summer 1997 intensive observation period data SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE continental cumulus convection; model intercomparison study ID COARE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SINGLE-COLUMN MODELS; LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR; TOGA-COARE; CUMULUS ENSEMBLES; SQUALL LINE; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; EXPLICIT SIMULATION AB This paper reports an intercomparison study of midlatitude continental cumulus convection simulated by eight two-dimensional and two three-dimensional cloud-resolving models (CRMs), driven by observed large-scale advective temperature and moisture tendencies, surface turbulent fluxes, and radiative-heating profiles during three sub-periods of the summer 1997 Intensive Observation Period of the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program, Each sub-period includes two or three precipitation events of various intensities over a span of 4 or 5 days, The results can be summarized as follows. CRMs can reasonably simulate midlatitude continental summer convection observed at the ARM Cloud and Radiation Testbed site in terms of the intensity of convective activity, and the temperature and specific-humidity evolution. Delayed occurrences of the initial precipitation events are a common feature for all three sub-cases among the models. Cloud mass fluxes, condensate mixing ratios and hydrometeor fractions produced by all CRMs are similar. Some of the simulated cloud properties such as cloud liquid-water path and hydrometeor fraction are rather similar to available observations. All CRMs produce large downdraught mass fluxes with magnitudes similar to those of updraughts, in contrast to CRM results for tropical convection. Some inter-model differences in cloud properties are likely to be related to those in the parametrizations of microphysical processes. There is generally a good agreement between the CRMs and observations with CRMs being significantly better than single-column models (SCMs), suggesting that current results are suitable for use in improving parametrizations in SCMs. However, improvements can still be made in the CRM simulations; these include the proper initialization of the CRMs and a more proper method of diagnosing cloud boundaries in model outputs for comparison with satellite and radar cloud observations. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Met Off, Bracknell, Berks, England. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. SUNY, New York, NY USA. RP Xu, KM (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM k.m.xu@larc.nasa.gov RI Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Randall, David/E-6113-2011 OI Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112 NR 67 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 580 BP 593 EP 624 DI 10.1256/003590002321042117 PN B PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 530VB UT WOS:000174378700009 ER PT J AU Southon, J AF Southon, J TI A first step to reconciling the GRIP and GISP2 ice-core chronologies, 0-14,500 yr BP SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SANTORINI MINOAN ERUPTION; CAL BP; CALIBRATION; RECORDS; CLIMATE; C-14; AGE; EXTENSION; VOLCANOS; SCALE AB delta(18)O records from the GISP2 and GRIP ice cores are widely used as benchmark paleoclimate chronologies, but there are significant differences between the two time scales. The present study shows that offsets between the two chronologies over the past 14,500 yr do not accumulate gradually, but appear over two short intervals of 100-200 yr. An initial offset of 80 yr occurs close to 3300-3400 yr B.P, and another 100 yr of slip appears at the start of the Younger Dryas. Since these discrepancies are localized, resolving them may be far easier than if large sections of both cores required reexamination. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr AMS, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Southon, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr AMS, L-397, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1006/qres.2001.2295 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 517WP UT WOS:000173633700005 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Finkel, RC Caffee, MW AF Owen, LA Finkel, RC Caffee, MW TI A note on the extent of glaciation throughout the Himalaya during the global Last Glacial Maximum SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID LATE QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS; NORTHERN PAKISTAN; WESTERN HIMALAYAS; LAHUL-HIMALAYA; MONSOON; HISTORY; INDIA AB Quantitative chronologies for the impressive glacial successions that occur throughout the Himalaya have, until recently, been almost totally lacking. Within the last decade two new techniques have promised to remedy this situation. These techniques, optically stimulated luminescence and cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating, enable the age of many glacial features to be determined and have allowed us to study the extent and timing of Himalayan glaciation in the late Quaternary. New data show that the local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) occurred during the early part of the last glacial cycle, in most areas during marine isotope stage 3 (MIS-3). MIS-3 was a time of increased insolation, when the South Asian summer monsoon strengthened and penetrated further north into the Himalaya. The concomitant increased precipitation, occurring as snow at high altitudes, produced positive glacier mass balances, thereby allowing glaciers to advance. On the other hand, during the global LGM, similar to 18-24 ka, Himalayan glaciation was very restricted in extent, generally extending < 10 km from contemporary ice margins. Lower insolation at this time produced a weaker monsoon cycle, which in turn resulted in lower snowfall and snow accumulation at high altitudes. The modest advances that nevertheless did occur at this time are the result of reduced temperatures. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 33 TC 136 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1-3 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00104-4 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 508HY UT WOS:000173083700010 ER PT J AU Lambeck, K Yokoyama, Y Purcell, T AF Lambeck, K Yokoyama, Y Purcell, T TI Into and out of the Last Glacial Maximum: sea-level change during Oxygen Isotope Stages 3 and 2 SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; U-TH AGES; HUON-PENINSULA; LATE PLEISTOCENE; BRITISH-ISLES; C-14 AGES; NORTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MANTLE VISCOSITY AB Sea-level data from seven different regions have been used to estimate the global change in ocean and ice volumes for the time interval leading into and out of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The estimates are earth-model dependent and parameters are chosen that minimize discrepancies between the individual estimates for each region. Good coherence between estimates from different localities has been found. The main conclusions are: (i) Ice volumes approached their maximum values 30 000 (calendar) years ago and remained nearly constant until 19 000 years ago. This defines the period of maximum global glaciation. (ii) The post-LGM sea-level rise is marked by changes in rates with maximum rates of about 15 mm/year occurring from 16,000 to 12,500 years ago and again from 11,500 to 9000 years ago. Ice volumes in the interval between these two periods of rapid rise, corresponding to the Younger Dryas, is nearly constant. (iii) The melting at the end of the LGM is characterized by an initially high rate over about 500 years followed by about 2500 years of a comparatively slow increase in ocean volume. (iv) The lead into the LGM is characterized by a sea-level fall of about 50 m occurring within a few thousand years. Similar rates of falling and rising sea levels occur during the earlier part of the oxygen isotope stage 3 interval. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lambeck, K (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM kurt.lambeck@anu.edu.au RI Yokoyama, Yusuke/N-9623-2013; OI Purcell, Anthony/0000-0001-5289-3902; Yokoyama, Yusuke/0000-0001-7869-5891 NR 68 TC 361 Z9 376 U1 2 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1-3 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00071-3 PG 18 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 508HY UT WOS:000173083700023 ER PT J AU Lambeck, K Yokoyama, Y Purcell, A Johnston, P AF Lambeck, K Yokoyama, Y Purcell, A Johnston, P TI Comments on the paper of Yokoyama et al. (2000), entitled "Timing of the Last Glacial Maximum from observed sea level minima" - Reply to the comment by W.R. Peltier SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID HYDRO-ISOSTASY; VISCOSITY C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lambeck, K (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RI Johnston, Paul/C-2449-2013; Yokoyama, Yusuke/N-9623-2013 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1-3 BP 415 EP 418 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00113-5 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 508HY UT WOS:000173083700028 ER PT S AU Woloschak, GE Paunesku, T Protic, M AF Woloschak, GE Paunesku, T Protic, M BE Sugahara, T Nikaido, O Niwa, O TI Deficient PCNA expression and radiation sensitivity SO RADIATION AND HOMEOSTASIS, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Radiation and Homeostasis CY JUL 13-16, 2001 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Hlth Res Fdn Commenorat DE proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); gamma irradiation; gene expression microarrays; wasted mouse ID DNA-REPLICATION COMPLEX; MICE; MOUSE AB Wasted mice express radiosensitivity in lymphoid and nervous system tissues, displaying increased apoptosis, increased transcriptional activation, and altered gene induction in response to radiation when compared to control littermates. In order to evaluate altered gene induction linked with radiosensitivity in spinal cord tissue of the wasted mice, we isolated total RNA from the spinal cords of radiation-exposed and unexposed wasted and control mice and hybridized it to a gene expression microarray. Previous studies by our group had demonstrated that lymphoid tissues of wasted mice lack proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. This protein is involved in almost every aspect of DNA replication and repair, and radiosensitivity in lymphoid tissues of wasted mouse can easily be linked to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) deficiency. In total spinal cord tissue, however, PCNA mRNA expression was not altered in wasted mice relative to controls. Nevertheless, mRNAs for many proteins that were known to interact with PCNA were modulated in wasted spinal cords compared to the tissues from BCF1 controls. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Woloschak, GE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017 OI Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50406-0 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2002 VL 1236 BP 249 EP 253 AR PII S0531-5131(01)00775-0 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00775-0 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV28H UT WOS:000178456500044 ER PT S AU Henshall-Powell, RL Park, CC Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Henshall-Powell, RL Park, CC Barcellos-Hoff, MH BE Sugahara, T Nikaido, O Niwa, O TI Aberrant extracellular signaling induced by ionizing radiation and its role in carcinogenesis SO RADIATION AND HOMEOSTASIS, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Radiation and Homeostasis CY JUL 13-16, 2001 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Hlth Res Fdn Commenorat DE transforming growth factor beta; mammary gland; breast cancer; carcinogencsis; ionizing radiation; microenvironment; genomic instability ID E-CADHERIN EXPRESSION; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; BREAST-CANCER; IN-SITU; GROWTH; TUMOR; MICROENVIRONMENT AB Multicellular organisms orchestrate the behavior of individual cells via extracellular signaling through the microenvironment. The lines of communication are diverse, ranging from the insoluble scaffold of the extracellular matrix, permeated with small, diffusible molecules of cytokines to the Cell Surface that is Structured by adhesion receptors and gap junctions forming communication channels between cells. Ionizing radiation elicits rapid and persistent changes in extracellular signaling, as exemplified in our studies of the irradiated mammary gland by the rapid and persistent activation of transforming growth factor-beta1. We have shown that such events can contribute to radiation's carcinogenic action in experiments in which nonirradiated, preneoplastic mammary epithelial cells are transplanted to an irradiated stroma, in which significantly larger tumors arose more frequently. In recent studies, we analyzed the effect of radiation on extracellular signaling in human mammary cells using a three-dimensional culture model. Preliminary data indicate that the progeny of irradiated cells, i.e., survivors, display aberrant morphogenesis and cell-cell interactions, resulting in behaviors characteristic of malignancy in this model. We hypothesized that under certain conditions, radiation exposure prevents normal cell interactions, which in turn could predispose susceptible cells to genomic instability. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barcellos-Hoff, MH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50406-0 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2002 VL 1236 BP 399 EP 405 AR PII S0531-5131(01)00770-1 DI 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00770-1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV28H UT WOS:000178456500074 ER PT J AU Gritsyna, VT Kazarinov, YG Kobyakov, VA Sickafus, KE AF Gritsyna, VT Kazarinov, YG Kobyakov, VA Sickafus, KE TI Defects and radiation induced electronic processes in magnesium aluminate spinel of different compositions SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE magnesium aluminate spinel; defects; irradiation; absorption ID CRYSTALS AB The time dependence of the formation and decay of irradiation-induced optical absorption centers in magnesium aluminate spinel single crystals of different compositions (MgO.1.0Al(2)O(3) and MgO.2.5Al(2)O(3)) was investigated. The kinetics of accumulation of X-ray irradiation-induced absorption bands is consistent with the mechanism of trap filling with free charge carriers through the conduction band. The model includes Coulomb blocking effects on spatially correlated defects. The observed two-stage decay of absorption bands after termination of X-ray irradiation is explained by electron hole recombination between centers of two different distances and/or different potential barriers. UV-irradiation confirms the existence of charge exchange between complex spatially correlated defects. C1 Kharkiv Natl Univ, UA-61077 Kharkov, Ukraine. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gritsyna, VT (reprint author), Kharkiv Natl Univ, UA-61077 Kharkov, Ukraine. RI Kazarinov, Yuri/J-5876-2016; Gritsyna, Vasyl/J-9021-2016 OI Kazarinov, Yuri/0000-0001-5143-8545; Gritsyna, Vasyl/0000-0002-6734-3812 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2002 VL 157 IS 6-12 BP 659 EP 663 DI 10.1080/1042015021000052421 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 636XZ UT WOS:000180483700020 ER PT J AU Smith, DY Inokuti, M Karstens, W AF Smith, DY Inokuti, M Karstens, W TI Cauchy's dispersion equation reconsidered: Dispersion in silicate glasses SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE optical properties; dispersion; dispersion formulas; Abbe number; optical glass AB We formulate a novel method of characterizing optically transparent substances using dispersion theory. The refractive index is given by a generalized Cauchy dispersion equation with coefficients that are moments of the uv and ir absorptions. Mean dispersion, Abbe number, and partial dispersion are combinations of these moments. The empirical relation between index and dispersion for families of glasses appears as a consequence of Beer's law applied to the uv spectra. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. St Michaels Coll, Colchester, VT 05439 USA. RP Smith, DY (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2002 VL 157 IS 6-12 BP 823 EP 828 DI 10.1080/1042015021000052674 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 636XZ UT WOS:000180483700044 ER PT J AU Murphy, JJ Patel, M Powell, SJ Smith, PF AF Murphy, JJ Patel, M Powell, SJ Smith, PF TI Volatile evolution induced by energetic He++ ions in a poly(ester) based polyurethane SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Polymer Modification, Degradation and Stabilisation CY SEP 03-07, 2000 CL PALERMO, ITALY DE alpha radiation; poly(urethane); poly(ester); scissioning and crosslinking AB Irradiation of polymer samples using an accelerated beam of He++ ions passed through a 10 mum thick window of havar foil has been performed. Such an irradiation simulates the effects of large a radiation doses. The experimental set up was designed so that the irradiated material was contained within a small sample chamber, which was isolated from the main vacuum chamber of the ion beam by means of the foil window. A mass spectrometer linked directly to the sample chamber facilitated analysis of gaseous products evolved from the materials as a consequence of irradiation. Samples of a poly(ester) based poly(urethane) polymer evolved mainly CO2 along with a number of higher mass volatile species. Assignment of chemical structures to the main molecular ions has allowed deductions about the chemical processes underlying radiation induced change to be made. Furthermore, identification of trends in volatile production affords information about radiation induced crosslinking reactions, which do not directly result in the production of volatile species to be deduced. Crown Copyright (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murphy, JJ (reprint author), Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 63 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00489-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 510XD UT WOS:000173231800017 ER PT J AU Cavallo, A AF Cavallo, A TI Projection of residential radon lung cancer risks: The BEIR VI risk models - Response by A. Cavallo SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Letter ID EQUILIBRIUM; MINES C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Cavallo, A (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, 201 Varick St, New York, NY 10014 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 102 IS 4 BP 373 EP 374 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 627TW UT WOS:000179953100013 ER PT J AU Moscovitch, M Phillips, GW Cullum, BM Mobley, J Bogard, JS Emfietzoglou, D Vo-Dinh, T AF Moscovitch, M Phillips, GW Cullum, BM Mobley, J Bogard, JS Emfietzoglou, D Vo-Dinh, T TI Radiation dosimetry using three-dimensional optical random access memories SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE AB The ability to determine particle type and energy plays an important role in the dosimetry of heavy charged particles (HCP) and neutrons. A new approach to radiation dosimetry is presented, which is shown to be capable of particle type and energy discrimination. This method is based on utilising radiation induced changes in the digital information stored on three dimensional optical random access memories (3D ORAM). 3D ORAM is a small cube (a few mm(3)) composed of polymethyl methacrylate) doped with a photochromic dye, and it was originally proposed as a memory device in high speed parallel computers. A Nd:YAG laser system is used to write and read binary information (bits) on the ORAM, which functions as a charged particle detector. Both the read and the write processes use two laser beams that simultaneously strike the material to cause a colour change at their intersection (similar to the darkening of light-sensitive sunglasses when exposed to sunlight.) The laser produces colour changes in the ORAM, which then reverts to the original colour ('bit-flips') at sites where energy is deposited from interaction with incident HCP or neutron-recoil protons. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. Calculations based on track structure theory (TST) predict that when HCP interact with the ORAM material, the local energy deposition is capable of inducing measurable 'bit-flips'. These predictions were recently confirmed experimentally using two types of ORAM systems, one based on spirobenzopyran and the other on anthracene, as the photochromic dyes. C1 Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Ioannina, Sch Med, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Moscovitch, M (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Med, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RI Emfietzoglou, Dimitris/G-7168-2012 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900001 PM 12382699 ER PT J AU Moore, ME Gepford, HJ Hermes, RE Hertel, NE Devine, RT AF Moore, ME Gepford, HJ Hermes, RE Hertel, NE Devine, RT TI Laser illuminated etched track scattering (LITES) dosimetry system SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID COHERENT-LIGHT SCATTERING; CR-39; DENSITY AB Los Alamos National Labs (LANL) has developed ail etched track foil (CR-39) reader for neutron dose between 0 and 50.0 mSv. Currently. the US Department of Energy mandates general employee annual exposure not to exceed 50.0 mSv (5 rein). At LANL, due to a non-linear response at higher exposures, accepted practice Only uses an Autoscan 60 system up to 3 mSv. The LITES system, however, has demonstrated linear response to 50 niSv, where the proprietary design measures the amount of laser light scattered by the etched tracks, proportional to dose. A collection of calibrated foils was counted by an Autoscan 60 and the LITES prototype, and the Autoscan 60 showed good linearity when counting exposure up to about 15 niSv, but not for higher exposures. From 0 to 50 mSv, the Autoscan 60 had a correlation coefficient of R-2 = 0.941 and the LITES system had R-2 = 0.991. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Moore, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 43 EP 45 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900004 PM 12382702 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Murphy, MK Tinker, MR Kovacs, A McLaughlin, W AF Miller, SD Murphy, MK Tinker, MR Kovacs, A McLaughlin, W TI Characteristics and performance of the Sunna high dose dosemeter using green photoluminescence and UV absorption readout methods SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID DOSIMETER; FILM AB Growth in the use of ionising radiation for medical sterilisation and the potential for wide-scale international food irradiation have created the need for robust, mass-producible, inexpensive, and highly accurate radiation dosemeters. The Sunna dosemeter, lithium fluoride injection-moulded in a polyethylene matrix, can be read Out using either green photoluminescence or ultraviolet (UV) absorption. The Sunna dosemeter can be mass-produced inexpensively with high precision. Both the photoluminescent and the UV absorption reader are simple and inexpensive. Both methods of analysis display negligible humidity effects, minimal dose rate dependence, acceptable post-irradiation effects, and permit measurements with a precision of nearly 1% 1sigma. The UV method shows negligible irradiation temperature effects from -30degreesC to +60degreesC. The photoluminescence method shows negligible irradiation temperature effects above room temperature for sterilisation dose levels and above. The doseimetry characteristics of these two readout methods are presented along with performance data in commercial sterilisation facilities. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Chem Res Ctr, Inst Isotopes & Surface Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionising Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900006 PM 12382704 ER PT J AU Rathbone, BA McDonald, JC Traub, RJ AF Rathbone, BA McDonald, JC Traub, RJ TI Current challenges in personal dosimetry at the US DOE Hanford site SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE AB An overview is presented of the dosimetry system, close equivalent calculation methodology, and QA/QC practices used at the US Department of Energy Hanford site. It describes some of the problems encountered in accurately measuring dose equivalent quantities under a broad range of field conditions that do not necessarily correlate with laboratory calibration conditions and the approach taken to solve these problems. Personnel at Hanford are monitored with a combination of Harshaw model 8825 and 8816 thermoluminescence dosemeters and CR-39 etched track dosemeters. Extremities are monitored using the ICN MeasuRing loaded with a Harshaw XD740 chipstrate TLD. All dosemeters employ LiF:Mg,Ti elements that are read on-site with Harshaw model 8800 and 6600 TLD readers. CR-39 dosemeters are electrochemically etched in non-commercial etch chambers and counted with an automated track counting system developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Problems with over response of the 8825 with respect to H-p(0.07), Under-response of the 8825 with respect to H-p(3), and over response of the 8825 with respect to H-p(10) in Hanford's Sr-90/Y-90 beta radiation fields are discussed. Approaches to measurement of the operational quantities for field conditions and algorithm solutions to the above problems are described. Methods used to calibrate the ring dosemeter for Hanford field conditions together with limitations, of the ring dosemeter in measuring H-p(0.07) for extremities, particularly when covered with protective clothing, are also discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rathbone, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 153 EP 166 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900029 PM 12382727 ER PT J AU Banerjee, D Blair, M Lepper, K McKeever, SWS AF Banerjee, D Blair, M Lepper, K McKeever, SWS TI Optically stimulated luminescence signals of polymineral fine grains in the JSC Mars-1 soil simulant sample SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; SINGLE-ALIQUOT; RETROSPECTIVE DOSIMETRY; FELDSPARS; SEDIMENTS; QUARTZ AB The results of various experiments which characterise the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signals from polymineral line grains of a Martian soil simulant sample (JSC Mars-1) are presented. The blue-green stimulated luminescence signal has greater thermal stability than the infrared stimulated luminescence signal for pre-heat temperatures between 250degreesC and 400degreesC. Fading tests over a 2 month storage period at 20degreesC indicate that in some aliquots of JSC Mars-1 both the bluegreen stimulated luminescence and the infrared stimulated luminescence signals fade by as Much as 50%, whereas in others there is no evidence of significant fading. Dose recovery experiments demonstrate that equivalent dose (measured/given) ratio varies from aliquot to aliquot, and the underestimation in dose is, less than 5% for at least one aliquot, for both the infrared and bluegreen stimulated luminescence signals. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Banerjee, D (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900062 PM 12382760 ER PT J AU Banerjee, D Page, K Lepper, K AF Banerjee, D Page, K Lepper, K TI Optical dating of palaeochannel deposits in the Riverine Plain, southeastern Australia: Testing the reliability of existing thermoluminescence dates SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID REGENERATIVE-DOSE PROTOCOL; STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; RETROSPECTIVE DOSIMETRY; FLUVIAL QUARTZ; CHRONOLOGY; SEDIMENTS; ALIQUOTS AB We present the first quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages for palaeochannel sediments from the Riverine Plain in southeastern Australia. For young fluvial sediments, we agree with the notion that analysis of the leading edge of a dose distribution curve provides an objective method for determining the OSL age. For a modern flood deposit (less than 200 years old), the OSL ages estimated using the leading edge method (250 +/- 50 years) and by using the lowest 5% of the measured dose in single aliquots (230 +/- 50 years) agree within experimental errors. For older sediments, we suggest that the mean estimate of the dose distribution is likely to provide a reliable estimate of the OSL age. The luminescence ages suggest that the Coleambally and Kerarbury palaeochannel systems were active between 105 and 80 ky and 55 and 35 thousand years ago: the Yanco palaeochannel system could have been active as recently as 9000 years ago. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Wollongong, Sch Geosci, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia. Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Banerjee, D (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900063 PM 12382761 ER PT J AU Lepper, K McKeever, SWS AF Lepper, K McKeever, SWS TI An objective methodology for dose distribution analysis SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; SENSITIVITY CHANGES; FLUVIAL QUARTZ; SEDIMENTS; SINGLE AB The advent of single aliquot optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques along With parallel equipment advances have made it possible and practical to obtain statistically meaningful quantities of equivalent close (D-c) data from individual samples. Now that hundreds of dose determinations can be made for one sample D, distributions may be scrutinised, leading to the problem of how to make unbiased comparisons among distributions. and how to decide objectively which dose is representative of the age of the deposit. In this paper, an objective analytical method is presented for treating dose distributions. including a mathematically rigorous means of determining a representative equivalent dose and a statistical definition of its corresponding uncertainty. This analytical method has been applied to Holocene aeolian and fluvial quartz sands from Central Oklahoma. The results are compared to equivalent doses determined via other proposed analytical procedures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Luminescence Geochronol Lab, Environm Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Lepper, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Luminescence Geochronol Lab, Environm Dynam Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 349 EP 352 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900067 PM 12382765 ER PT J AU Espinosa, G Amero, C Gammage, RB AF Espinosa, G Amero, C Gammage, RB TI Measurements of alpha particle energy using nuclear tracks in solids methodology SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID DETECTOR AB In this paper we present a method for the measurement of alpha particle energy using polycarbonate materials as nuclear track detectors (NTDs). This method is based on the interaction of the radiation with the solid-state materials, using the relationship between the energy deposited in the material by the ionising particle and the track developed after an established chemical process. The determination of the geometrical parameters of the formed track. such as major axis, minor axis and overall track length, permit determination of the energy of the alpha particle. The track analysis is performed automatically using a digital image system, and the data are processed in a PC with commercial software. In this experiment Gd-148, U-238, Th-230, Pu-239 and Cm-244 alpha particle emitters were used. The values for alpha particle energy resolution. the linear response to energy, the confidence in the results and the automatisation of the procedure make this method a promising analysis system. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Espinosa, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apartado Postal 20-364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. RI Amero, Carlos/C-6952-2011 OI Amero, Carlos/0000-0001-6300-0241 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 101 IS 1-4 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JM UT WOS:000178899900114 PM 12382812 ER PT J AU Fry, RJM AF Fry, RJM TI Radiations in space: Risk estimates SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE AB The complexity of radiation environments in space makes estimation of risks more difficult than for the protection of terrestrial populations. In deep space the duration of the mission, position in the solar cycle, number and size of solar particle events (SPE) and the spacecraft shielding are the major determinants of risk. In low-earth orbit missions there are the added factors of altitude and orbital inclination. Different radiation qualities such as protons and heavy ions and secondary radiations inside the spacecraft such as neutrons of various energies, have to be considered. Radiation dose rates in space are low except for short periods during very large SPEs. Risk estimation for space activities is based on the human experience of exposure to gamma rays and to a lesser extent X rays. The doses of protons, heavy ions and neutrons are adjusted to take into account the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the different radiation types and thus derive equivalent doses. RBE values and factors to adjust for the effect of dose rate have to be obtained from experimental data. The influence of age and gender on the cancer risk is estimated from the data from atomic bomb survivors. Because of the large number of variables the uncertainities in the probability of the effects are large. Information needed to improve the risk estimates includes: (I) risk of cancer induction by protons, heavy ions and neutrons; (2) influence of dose rate and protraction, particularly on potential tissue effects such as reduced fertility and cataracts; and (3) possible effects of heavy ions on the central nervous system. Risk cannot be eliminated and thus there must be a consensus on what level of risk is acceptable. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Fry, RJM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1-4 BP 475 EP 477 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 609JJ UT WOS:000178899600106 PM 12382925 ER PT J AU Burmeister, J Kota, C Maughan, RL Waker, AJ Riley, K Wielopolski, L AF Burmeister, J Kota, C Maughan, RL Waker, AJ Riley, K Wielopolski, L TI Application of TEPC microdosimetry to boron neutron capture therapy SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Microdosimetry CY MAY 27-JUN 01, 2001 CL STRESA, ITALY ID TISSUE AB Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a bimodal radiation therapy used primarily for highly malignant gliomas. Tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) microdosimetry has proven an ideal dosimetry technique for BNCT. facilitating accurate separation of the photon and neutron absorbed dose components, assessment of radiation quality and measurement of the BNC dose. A miniature dual-TEPC system has been constructed to facilitate microdosimetry measurements with excellent spatial resolution in high-flux clinical neutron Capture therapy beams. A B-10-loaded TEPC allows direct measurement of the secondary charged particle spectrum resulting from the BNC reaction. A matching TEPC fabricated from brain-tissue-equivalent plastic allows evaluation of secondary charged particle spectra from photon and neutron interactions in normal brain tissue. Microdosimetric measurements performed in clinical BNCT beams using these Nobel miniature TEPCs are presented, and the advantages of this technique for such applications are discussed. C1 Karmanos Canc Inst, Gershenson Radiat Oncol Ctr, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. MIT, Nucl Reactor Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Burmeister, J (reprint author), Karmanos Canc Inst, Gershenson Radiat Oncol Ctr, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 99 IS 1-4 BP 351 EP 352 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 580RV UT WOS:000177249400077 PM 12194321 ER PT J AU Kiger, WS Micca, PL Morris, GM Coderre, JA AF Kiger, WS Micca, PL Morris, GM Coderre, JA TI Boron microquantification in oral muscosa and skin following administration of a neutron capture therapy agent SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Microdosimetry CY MAY 27-JUN 01, 2001 CL STRESA, ITALY ID P-BORONOPHENYLALANINE AB Clinical trials of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for intracranial tumours using boronophenylalanine-fructose undertaken at Harvard-MIT and Brookhaven National Laboratory have observed acute normal tissue reactions in the skill and oral mucosa. Because the range of the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction products is very short, 10-14 mum combined knowledge of the B-10 microdistribution in tissue is critical for understanding the microdosimetry and radiobiology of BNCT. This paper reports measurements of the micrudistribution of B-10 in an animal model rat skill and tongue, using high resolution quantitative autoradiography (HRQAR), a neutron-induced etched track autoradiographic technique. The steep spatial gradient and high absolute value relative to blood of the B-10 concentration observed in some strata of the rat tongue epithelium and skin are important for properly evaluating the radiobiology and the biological effectiveness factors for normal tissue reactions such as oral mucositis, which are generally assessed using concentration rather than the tissue boron concentration. C1 MIT, Nucl Reactor Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Res Inst, Oxford, England. RP Kiger, WS (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Reactor Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 99 IS 1-4 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 580RV UT WOS:000177249400097 PM 12194342 ER PT J AU Moussa, HM Eckerman, KF Townsend, LW AF Moussa, HM Eckerman, KF Townsend, LW TI Self-absorption effects on electron absorbed fraction in the anterior nose SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Microdosimetry CY MAY 27-JUN 01, 2001 CL STRESA, ITALY AB The electron absorbed fraction in the anterior nose is estimated in the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 66 using the ECS4 Code anti it cylinder model. The electrons are assumed to come from point sources lining the inner surface of the nose. Although the radioactive source particles are carried in dust, self-absorption in the dust is ignored. Consequently, the absorbed fractions Published in ICRP 66 cannot represent the correct energy deposition in the basal cell region. In this work we estimate the energy lost by the emitted electrons inside spherical dust particles. which vary in diameter front 1 mum to 100 mum. The absorbed fractions in the basal cell layer are then estimated using the modified electron energy spectrum. To illustrate these effects, modified absorbed fractions for a dust particle radius of 20 mum are compared to the absorbed fractions presented in ICRP 66. Significant differences are noted. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Townsend, LW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 99 IS 1-4 BP 473 EP 474 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 580RV UT WOS:000177249400112 PM 12194358 ER PT J AU Miller, G Martz, HF Little, TT Guilmette, R AF Miller, G Martz, HF Little, TT Guilmette, R TI Bayesian internal dosimetry calculations using Markov Chain Monte Carlo SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION EXPOSURE AB A new numerical method for solving the inverse problem of internal dosimetry is described, The ne method uses Markov Chain Monte Carlo and the Metropolis algorithm. Multiple intake amounts, biokinetic types, and times of intake are determined from bioassay data by integrating over the Bayesian posterior distribution, The method appears definitive, but its application requires a large amount of computing time. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 98 IS 2 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 541XQ UT WOS:000175012200004 PM 11926369 ER PT J AU Strom, DJ Cameron, JR AF Strom, DJ Cameron, JR TI Is it useful to assess annual effective doses that are less than 100 mSv? SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CURRENT MORTALITY RATES; ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; PHYSICIAN SPECIALISTS; IONIZING-RADIATION; CANCER MORTALITY; RADIOLOGISTS; DEATH C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Strom, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 4 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 98 IS 2 BP 239 EP 245 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 541XQ UT WOS:000175012200012 PM 11926376 ER PT J AU Donahue, RJ Smith, AR Thomas, RH Zeman, GH AF Donahue, RJ Smith, AR Thomas, RH Zeman, GH TI A reappraisal of the reported dose equivalents at the boundary of me university of California Radiation Laboratory during the early days of Bevatron operation SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS; NEUTRON AB The Bevatron of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory operated with no permanent shielding-roof from 1954 to 1962. Neutron fluences measured at the laboratory perimeter reached a maximum in 1959. and reported as an annual close equivalent of 8, 1 mSv (54% of the then operative radiation limit). The addition of temporary local shielding and improved operational techniques subsequently led to a steady decline in dose equivalent at the laboratory perimeter, A permanent concrete shielding-roof was constructed in 1962. In those early years of operation the reported dole equivalent. H, was derived from a measured total neutron fluence. Phi, and an estimated spectrum-weighted fluence to dose equivalent conversion coefficient, (g) where H= (g) Phi, The uncertainty in H was almost entirely due to the uncertainty in (g). While the measurements of Phi were accurate the estimates or (g) were quite crude and depended upon measurements of average neutron energy. on assumption, about the shape of the neutron energy spectrum, and primitive values of fluence to dose equivalent conversion coefficients for monoenergetic neutrons. These earls reported dose equivalents were known to be overestimated. This paper has reappraised the dose equivalents in the light of better information now available. Environmental neutron spectra have been calculated which more accurately correspond to die operational conditions, of the Bevatron in the 1950s and early 1960s, than did those spectra available at that time. A new fluence to dose equivalent conversion function based on the latest data and for isotropic irradiation geometry was developed. Front these two parameters better estimates of the coefficient g? Acre determined and compared with the earlier values. From this reappraisal it is shown that the early reported dose equivalents were conservative by a factor of at least five. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zeman, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 98 IS 3 BP 269 EP 282 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 557FB UT WOS:000175896600002 PM 12018744 ER PT J AU Strom, D AF Strom, D TI Dosimetry, dosinference and doswaggery SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ICRPS DOSE COEFFICIENTS; RADIONUCLIDES; UNCERTAINTY; RELIABILITY; MEMBERS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strom, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 98 IS 4 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 574PU UT WOS:000176899400001 PM 12120664 ER PT J AU Roesler, S Heinrich, W Schraube, H AF Roesler, S Heinrich, W Schraube, H TI Monte Carlo calculation of the radiation field at aircraft altitudes SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RAY PROTON; EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS; HELIUM SPECTRA; ATMOSPHERIC MUONS; ENERGY-RANGE; EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENT; FLUKA; CREW; SIMULATION AB Energy spectra of secondary cosmic rays are calculated for aircraft altitudes and a discrete set of solar modulation parameters and rigidity cut-off values covering all possible conditions, The calculations are based on the Monte Carlo code FLUKA and on the most recent information on the interstellar cosmic ray flux including a detailed model of solar modulation, Results are compared to a large variety of experimental data obtained on the ground and aboard aircraft and balloons, such as neutron, proton, and muon spectra and yields of charged particles, Furthermore, particle fluence is converted into ambient dose equivalent and effective dose and the dependence of these quantities on height above sea level, solar modulation, and geographical location is studied. Finally, calculated dose equivalent is compared to results, of comprehensive measurements performed aboard aircraft. C1 Univ Siegen, D-57078 Siegen, Germany. GSF, Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Roesler, S (reprint author), CERN, TISRP, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 63 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 98 IS 4 BP 367 EP 388 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 574PU UT WOS:000176899400002 PM 12120665 ER PT J AU Strom, DJ Stewart, RD McDonald, JC AF Strom, DJ Stewart, RD McDonald, JC TI Spectral emissions and dosimetry of metal tritide particulates SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; LIQUID WATER; ALGORITHM; PARTICLES; DECAY; LUNG AB Inference of intakes and doses from inhalation of metal tritide particles has come under scrutiny because of decommissioning and decontamination of US Department of Energy facilities. Since self-absorption of radiation is very significant for larger particles, interpretation of counting results Of metal tritide particles by liquid scintillation requires information about emission spectra. Similarly, inference of dose requires knowledge of charged particle and photon spectra. The PENELOPE Monte Carlo radiation transport computer code was used to compute spectral emissions and other dosimetric quantities for tritide particulates of Sc, Ti, Zr, Er, and Hf. Emission fractions, radial absorbed dose distributions. specific energy distributions and related frequency-mean specific energies and lineal energies, and the emitted spectra of electrons and bremsstrahlung photons, are presented for selected particulates with diameters ranging from about 0.01 mum to 25 mum. Results characterising the effects of uncertainties associated with the composition and density of the tritides are also presented. Emission spectra are used to illustrate trends in the relationship between 'apparent' and 'observed' activity as a function Of particle type and size. Emissions from metal tritide particles are weakly penetrating, and electron emission spectra tend to 'harden' as particle size increases, Microdosimetric considerations suggest that the radiation emitted by metal tritides can be classified as a low linear energy transfer radiation source, For cells less that) about 7 mum away from the surface of a metal tritide, the primary dose component is due to electrons. However, bremsstrahlung radiation may deposit some energy tens. hundreds or Eden thousands of micrometres away from the surface of a tritide particle. The data and analyses presented in this report will help improve the accuracy of dose determinations for particulates of five metal tritides. Future work on the spectral emissions and dosimetry of metal tritide particulates needs to consider the contributions of so-called internal bremsstrahlung, an additional form of bremsstrahlung radiation emitted during beta decay. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strom, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Stewart, Rob/A-2511-2009; Stewart, Robert/A-3609-2013 OI Stewart, Robert/0000-0001-5946-0595 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 98 IS 4 BP 389 EP 400 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 574PU UT WOS:000176899400003 PM 12120666 ER PT J AU Iyer, R Lehnert, BE AF Iyer, R Lehnert, BE TI Alpha-particle-induced increases in the radioresistance of normal human bystander cells SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE RESPONSE; IONIZING-RADIATION; DNA-DAMAGE; RADIOADAPTIVE RESPONSE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; REPAIR; ENDONUCLEASE; IRRADIATION; TP53 AB Numerous investigators have reported that direct exposure of cells to a low dose of ionizing radiation can induce a condition of enhanced radioresistance, i.e. a "radioadaptive" response. In this report, we investigated the hypothesis that a radioadaptive bystander effect may be induced in unirradiated cells by a transmissible factor(s) present in the supernatants of cells exposed to a low dose of alpha particles. Normal human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) were irradiated with 1 cGy of alphat particles and their supernatants were transferred to unirradiated HFL-1 cells as a bystander cell model. Compared to directly irradiated cells that were not treated with supernatants from HFL-1 cells exposed to low-dose radiation, such treatment resulted in increased clonogenic survival after subsequent exposure to 10 and 19 cGy of alpha particles. Increases in protein levels of AP-endonuclease, a redox and DNA base excision repair protein, were found in the bystander cells, but not in directly irradiated cells. Supernatants from alpha-particle-irradiated cells were also found to increase the clonogenicity of unirradiated cells. These results, in conjunction with our earlier findings that supernatants from cells exposed to a low dose of alpha particles contain growth-promoting activity, suggest that this new bystander effect may be related to an increase in DNA repair and cell growth/cell cycle regulation. (C) 2002 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lehnert, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS 888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA82598] NR 40 TC 89 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 157 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0003:APIIIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 509LY UT WOS:000173150300002 PM 11754635 ER PT J AU Donahue, DJ Olin, JS Harbottle, G AF Donahue, DJ Olin, JS Harbottle, G TI Determination of the radiocarbon age of parchment of the Vinland Map SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID SCROLLS AB The Vinland Map, drawn on a 27.8 x 41.0 cm parchment bifolium, is housed in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, it shows "the Island of Vinland, discovered by Bjarni and Leif in company." Skelton, Marston, and Painter (Skelton et al. 1965, 1995) firmly argued the map's authenticity, associating it with the Council of Baste (AD 1431-1449), that is, half a century before Columbus's voyage. Nevertheless, vigorous scholarly questioning of the map's authenticity has persisted (Washburn 1966; McCrone 1974; Olin and Towe 1976; Cahill et al. 1987; McCrone 1988; Towe 1990). We have determined the precise radiocarbon age of the map's parchment by accelerator mass spectrometry (A-MS). The one-sigma calibrated calendrical date range is AD 1434 +/- 11 years: the 95% confidence level age range is AD 1411-1468. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Donahue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591KE UT WOS:000177878200004 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Anderson, RF Froelich, PN Beck, W McNichol, AP Guilderson, T AF Zheng, Y Anderson, RF Froelich, PN Beck, W McNichol, AP Guilderson, T TI Challenges in radiocarbon dating organic carbon in opal-rich marine sediments SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICAS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PRODUCTIVITY; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; AMS AB We explored the reliability of radiocarbon ages obtained on organic carbon phases in opal-rich Southern Ocean sediments. Paired biogenic carbonate and total organic carbon (TOC) C-14 analyses for three Southern Ocean cores showed that the TOC ages were systematically younger than the carbonate ages. Carbonate ages were consistent with oxygen isotopic and bio-stratigraphy, indicating error in TOC ages that could be explained by 5-24% of modern carbon contamination of TOC samples. Two possible sources of contamination are: 1) adsorption of atmospheric CO2 or volatile organic compounds to reactive opal surface sites, and 2) fixation of atmospheric CO2 by chemosynthetic bacteria during core storage. In an effort to reduce the modem carbon contamination, diatoms were separated from sediments, purified, and pre-oxidized by concentrated nitric and perchloric acids to permit dating of opal-intrinsic organic carbon (similar to0.1-0.3% by weight). C-14 ages of chemically pre-oxidized opal showed a significant amount of modem carbon contamination, from 11 to 32%, indicating adsorption from the atmosphere of modem carbon onto opal surfaces that were previously cleaned by acid oxidation. Several experiments designed to eliminate the modern C contamination were attempted, but so far we have not been able to obtain a radiocarbon age on C-14-dead Southern Ocean opal-rich sediments, either bulk TOC or purified diatom opal samples, as old as our procedural blank. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona AMS Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, NOSAMS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zheng, Y (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. OI Anderson, Robert/0000-0002-8472-2494 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 123 EP 136 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591KE UT WOS:000177878200011 ER PT J AU Reimer, PJ McCormac, FG AF Reimer, PJ McCormac, FG TI Marine radiocarbon reservoir corrections for the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID AGE CALIBRATION; SAPROPEL; SAMPLES; BP AB Radiocarbon measurements of nine known age shells from the Mediterranean and the Aegean Seas combined with previous measurements provide an updated value for DeltaR, the local variation in the reservoir correction for marine samples. Comparison of pre-1950s samples from the Algerian coast, with one collected in 1954, indicates early incorporation of nuclear weapons testing C-14 into the shallow surface waters of the Mediterranean. Comparisons between different basins indicate the surface waters of the Mediterranean are relatively homogenous. The recommended DeltaR for calibration of the Mediterranean marine samples with the 1998 marine calibration dataset is 58 +/- 85 C-14 yr, but variations in the reservoir age beyond 6000 cal BP should be considered. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Reimer, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr AMS, POB 808,L-397, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Reimer, Paula/I-5915-2015 NR 23 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591KE UT WOS:000177878200015 ER PT J AU Southon, J Kashgarian, M Fontugne, M Metivier, B Yim, WWS AF Southon, J Kashgarian, M Fontugne, M Metivier, B Yim, WWS TI Marine reservoir corrections for the Indian Ocean and southeast Asia SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; SURFACE OCEAN; SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; THROUGHFLOW; VENTILATION; THERMOCLINE; EXCHANGE; SAMPLES; TRANSPORT AB We have measured radiocarbon in prebomb known-age shells and coral from the Indian Ocean and southeast Asia to determine marine reservoir age corrections. Western Indian Ocean results show a strong C-14 depletion due to upwelling in the Arabian Sea, and indicate that this signal is advected over a wide area to the east and south. In contrast, the surface waters of the South China Sea contain relatively high levels of C-14, due in part to the input of well-equilibrated water masses from the western Pacific. The easternmost regions of the Indian Ocean are also strongly influenced by the flowthrough of Pacific waters north of Australia. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci Dept, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr AMS, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Lab Biol Invertebres Marins & Malacol, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Southon, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci Dept, 220 Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011; Yim, Wai Shu Wyss/E-1187-2013 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418; NR 46 TC 232 Z9 265 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 167 EP 180 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591KE UT WOS:000177878200016 ER PT J AU Adkins, JF Griffin, S Kashgarian, M Cheng, H Druffel, ERM Boyle, EA Edwards, RL Shen, CC AF Adkins, JF Griffin, S Kashgarian, M Cheng, H Druffel, ERM Boyle, EA Edwards, RL Shen, CC TI Radiocarbon dating of deep-sea corals SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OCEAN CIRCULATION; C-14; WATER; AGE; VENTILATION; CARBON AB Deep-sea corals are a promising new archive of paleoclimate. Coupled radiocarbon and U-series dates allow C-14 to be used as a tracer of ocean circulation rate in the same manner as it is used in the modern ocean. Diagenetic alteration of coral skeletons on the seafloor requires a thorough cleaning of contaminating phases of carbon. In addition, 10% of the coral must be chemically leached prior to dissolution to remove adsorbed modern CO2. A survey of modern samples from the full Delta(14)C gradient in the deep ocean demonstrates that the coralline CaCO3 records the radiocarbon value of the dissolved inorganic carbon. C1 MIT, WHOI Joint Program Oceanog, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Adkins, JF (reprint author), CALTECH, MS 100-23,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011; Shen, Chuan-Chou/H-9642-2013; OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418; SHEN, CHUAN-CHOU/0000-0003-2833-2771 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 567 EP 580 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 640EV UT WOS:000180675900013 ER PT J AU Grumet, NS Guilderson, TP Dunbar, RB AF Grumet, NS Guilderson, TP Dunbar, RB TI Pre-bomb radiocarbon variability inferred from a Kenyan coral record SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID BANDED CORALS; INDIAN-OCEAN; C-14; AMS; SOUTHWEST; EXCHANGE; CLIMATE; AGE AB We report results from AMS radiocarbon measurements (Delta(14)C) in corals recovered off the coast of Kenya. Bimonthly samples which span the pre-bomb era average -51parts per thousand (+/- 3.7; n=43), when age and Suess effect are corrected, and over the time of interest (1946-1954) do not exhibit any discernible seasonality. Relative to regional pre-bomb Delta(14)C values in the western Indian Ocean, our results indicate C-14 enrichment off the coast of Kenya. Furthermore, the absence of a distinct subannual Delta(14)C signal suggests that open and coastal upwelling is negligible off the coast of Kenya. Unlike pre-bomb values south of the equator near Seychelles and Madagascar, our pre-bomb value are enriched by more than 10parts per thousand. The enrichment of pre-bomb Kenyan Delta(14)C values relative to sites around Mauritius, northern Madagascar and Seychelles, suggest that the influence of depleted Delta(14)C water transported in the SEC is limited to regions south of 3 to 4degreesS. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Grumet, NS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 581 EP 590 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 640EV UT WOS:000180675900014 ER PT J AU Hogg, AG McCormac, FG Higham, TFG Reimer, PJ Baillie, MGL Palmer, JG AF Hogg, AG McCormac, FG Higham, TFG Reimer, PJ Baillie, MGL Palmer, JG TI High-precision radiocarbon measurements of contemporaneous tree-ring dated wood from the British Isles and New Zealand: AD 1850-950 SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; C-14 CONTENT; CALIBRATION; CURVES; OFFSET; BC AB The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand and The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland radiocarbon dating laboratories have undertaken a series of high-precision measurements on decadal samples of dendrochronologically dated oak (Quercus petraea) from Great Britain and cedar (Libocedrus bidwillii) and silver pine (Lagarostrobos colensoi) from New Zealand. The results show an average hemispheric offset over the 900 yr of measurement of 40 +/- 13 yr. This value is not constant but varies with a periodicity of about 130 yr. The Northern Hemisphere measurements confirm the validity of the Pearson et al. (1986) calibration dataset. C1 Univ Waikato, Radiocarbon Dating Lab, Hamilton, New Zealand. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Oxford, Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Oxford OX1 3QJ, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hogg, AG (reprint author), Univ Waikato, Radiocarbon Dating Lab, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand. RI Reimer, Paula/I-5915-2015; Palmer, Jonathan/J-7834-2012 OI Palmer, Jonathan/0000-0002-6665-4483 NR 17 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 633 EP 640 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700KN UT WOS:000184111300002 ER PT J AU McCormac, FG Reimer, PJ Hogg, AG Higham, TFG Baillie, MGL Palmer, J Stuiver, M AF McCormac, FG Reimer, PJ Hogg, AG Higham, TFG Baillie, MGL Palmer, J Stuiver, M TI Calibration of the radiocarbon time scale for the southern hemisphere: AD 1850-950 SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID C-14; BC AB We have conducted a series of radiocarbon measurements on decadal samples of dendrochronologically dated wood from both hemispheres, spanning 1000 years (McCormac et al. 1998; Hogg et al. this issue). Using the data presented in Hogg et al., we show that during the period AD 950-1850 the C-14 offset between the hemispheres is not constant, but varies periodically (similar to130 yr periodicity) with amplitudes varying between 1 and 10parts per thousand (i.e. 8-80 yr), with a consequent effect on the C-14 calibration of material from the Southern Hemisphere. A large increase in the offset occurs between AD 1245 and 1355. In this paper, we present a Southern Hemisphere high-precision calibration data set (SHCal02) that comprises measurements from New Zealand, Chile, and South Africa. This data, and a new value of 41 +/- 14 yr for correction of the IntCal98 data for the period outside the range given here, is proposed for use in calibrating Southern Hemisphere C-14 dates. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Waikato, Radiocarbon Dating Lab, Hamilton, New Zealand. Univ Oxford, Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Oxford OX1 3QJ, England. Univ Washington, Quaternary Isotope Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McCormac, FG (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Reimer, Paula/I-5915-2015; Palmer, Jonathan/J-7834-2012 OI Palmer, Jonathan/0000-0002-6665-4483 NR 14 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 641 EP 651 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700KN UT WOS:000184111300003 ER PT J AU Reimer, PJ Hughen, KA Guilderson, TP McCormac, G Baillie, MGL Bard, E Barratt, P Beck, JW Buck, CE Damon, PE Friedrich, M Kromer, B Ramsey, CB Reimer, RW Remmele, S Southon, JR Stuiver, M van der Plicht, J AF Reimer, PJ Hughen, KA Guilderson, TP McCormac, G Baillie, MGL Bard, E Barratt, P Beck, JW Buck, CE Damon, PE Friedrich, M Kromer, B Ramsey, CB Reimer, RW Remmele, S Southon, JR Stuiver, M van der Plicht, J TI Preliminary report of the first workshop of the IntCal04 radiocarbon calibration/comparison working group SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID AGE CALIBRATION; TH-230 AGES; TIME-SCALE; C-14 AGES; CAL BP; CORALS; SEA; SEDIMENTS; CHRONOLOGIES; TERRESTRIAL AB The first meeting of the IntCal04 working group took place at Queen's University Belfast from April 15 to 17, 2002. The participants are listed as co-authors of this report. The meeting considered criteria for the acceptance of data into the next official calibration dataset, the importance of including reliable estimates of uncertainty in both the radiocarbon ages and the cal ages, and potential methods for combining datasets. This preliminary report summarizes the criteria that were discussed, but does not yet give specific recommendations for inclusion or exclusion of individual datasets. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. CEREGE, UMR 6635, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, NSF, Arizona AMS Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Probabil & Stat, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Bot 210, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Heidelberger Akad Wissensch, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Oxford OX2 6JB, England. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Washington, Quaternary Isotope Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotopen Onderzoek, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RP Reimer, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, L-397, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Bronk Ramsey, Christopher/A-3277-2012; van der Plicht, Johannes/B-9994-2013; Bard, Edouard/G-7717-2014; Reimer, Paula/I-5915-2015; OI Barratt, Philip/0000-0002-0484-8397 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 653 EP 661 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700KN UT WOS:000184111300004 ER PT J AU Manning, SW Barbetti, M Kromer, B Kuniholm, PI Levin, I Newton, MW Reimer, PJ AF Manning, SW Barbetti, M Kromer, B Kuniholm, PI Levin, I Newton, MW Reimer, PJ TI No systematic early bias to Mediterranean C-14 ages: Radiocarbon measurements from tree-ring and air samples provide tight limits to age offsets SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID LATE BRONZE-AGE; LOCATION-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; INDIAN-OCEAN; ASTRONOMICAL ORIENTATION; RESERVOIR CORRECTIONS; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; EGYPTIAN CHRONOLOGY; BOMB RADIOCARBON; MARINE SAMPLES; CALIBRATION AB Existing data and theory do not support a recent assertion that upwelling of old carbon has led to systematically 100-300 yr too old radiocarbon ages for the Mediterranean region. Similarly, the prehistoric tree-ring record produced over 3 decades by the Aegean Dendrochronology Project is shown to provide robust, well-replicated data, contrary to a recent, unfounded assertion. C-14 and dendrochronology provide an accurate and precise chronometric framework for the Mediterranean region. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Archaeol, Reading RG6 6AB, Berks, England. Univ Sydney, NWG Macintosh Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Umweltphys, Heidelberger Akad Wissensch, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Cornell Univ, Malcolm & Carolyn Wiener Lab Aegean & Near Easter, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Manning, SW (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Archaeol, POB 217 Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, Berks, England. RI Reimer, Paula/I-5915-2015 NR 90 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 739 EP 754 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700KN UT WOS:000184111300013 ER PT J AU Levitskaia, TG Lamb, JD Fox, KL Moyer, BA AF Levitskaia, TG Lamb, JD Fox, KL Moyer, BA TI Selective carrier-mediated cesium transport through polymer inclusion membranes by calix[4]arene-crown-6 carriers from complex aqueous mixtures SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE cesium membrane transport; nuclear waste; diffusion-limited transport model; calixcrown; cellulose triacetate ID SUPPORTED LIQUID-MEMBRANES; CATION-TRANSPORT; ION; WASTE; CALIX<4>-BIS-CROWNS; CALIX<4>ARENES; 1,3-ALTERNATE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Competitive Cs(+) ion transport by polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) with bis(dodecyloxy)calix[4]arene-crown-6 or calix[4]arene-biscrown-6 was investigated under various conditions. The PIM matrix consisted of cellulose triacetate and ortho-nitrophenyloctyl ether. Special attention was paid to PIM performance employing complex source-phase mixtures, including simulant solutions of acidic nuclear wastes present at Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. PIMs exhibited highly efficient and selective Cs(+) transport under competitive conditions. Membranes containing calix-monocrown carrier exhibited slightly less efficient but more selective Cs(+) transport than those with calix-biscrown carrier. PIMs with bis(dodecyloxy)calix[4]arene-crown-6 exhibited excellent stability in terms of carrier loss to the aqueous phase. The variation of cesium transport with composition of aqueous phase was adequately described by a diffusion-limited transport model. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM moyerba@ornl.gov RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.1_2002.43 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 522BN UT WOS:000173876000007 ER PT J AU Icenhour, AS Toth, LM Del Cul, GD Miller, LF AF Icenhour, AS Toth, LM Del Cul, GD Miller, LF TI Gamma radiolysis studies of uranyl fluoride SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE gamma radiolysis; uranyl fluoride; uranium reduction; uranium oxide ID OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; FUEL; AIR; 150-DEGREES-C; UO2 AB The safe handling and storage of radioactive materials require an understanding of the effects of radiolysis on those materials. Radiolysis may result in the production of gases (e.g., corrosives) or pressures that are deleterious to storage containers. A study has been performed to address these concerns as they relate to the radiolysis of residual fluoride compounds in uranium oxides. Samples of UO2F2.xH(2)O and U3O8 (with similar to 1.4 wt. % fluorine content) were irradiated in a Co-60 source and in spent nuclear fuel (SNF) elements from the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Container pressures were monitored throughout the irradiations, and gas and solid samples were analyzed after the irradiations, The irradiation of UO2F2.xH(2)O produced O-2 - with G(O-2)-values ranging from 0.007 to 0.03 molecules of O-2 produced per 100 eV. Neither F-2 nor HF was produced by the irradiations. Chemical analyses of solid samples showed that some of the uranium was reduced from U(VI) to U(IV). A saturation damage limit for the UO2F2.xH(2)O was demonstrated by using the HFIR SNF elements, and the limit was found to be 7%-9% (at similar to 10(8) rad/h). It is shown that the covalently bonded oxygen is more susceptible to radiation damage than is the ionically bonded fluorine. Irradiation of U3O8 (with similar to 1.4 wt. % fluorine content) resulted in neither gas production nor a pressure increase. These experiments led to the conclusion that during long-term storage U3O8 is safe from overpressurization and the production of corrosives caused by gamma radiolysis of residual fluorides. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Icenhour, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Icenhour, Alan/0000-0002-0095-7019 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 2 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.2_2002.109 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 529WH UT WOS:000174323900009 ER PT J AU Brachmann, A Geipel, G Bernhard, G Nitsche, H AF Brachmann, A Geipel, G Bernhard, G Nitsche, H TI Study of uranyl(VI) malonate complexation by time resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE tune resolved fluorescence; uranyl(VI) ion; complexation; malonic acid; uranyl(VI) malonate ID ION PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; HUMIC-ACID; FULVIC-ACIDS; BINDING; URANIUM(VI); HYDROLYSIS; PH AB The uranyl(VI) malonate complex formation was studied by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) at pH 4 and an ionic strength of 0.1 M NaCIO4. The uranium concentration was 5 x 10(-6) M at ligand concentrations from 1 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-2) M. The measured fluorescence lifetimes of the 1:1 and 1:2 uranyl(VI) malonate complexes are 1.24 +/- 0.02 mus and 6.48 +/- 0.02 mus, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of the uranyl(VI) ion is 1.57 +/- 0.06 mus in 0.1 M perchloric media. The main fluorescence bands of the malonate complexes show a bathochromic shift compared to the uranyl(VI) ion and are centered at 494 nm, 515 nm and 540 nm for the 1:1 complexes and at 496 nm, 517 nm and 542 nm for the 1:2 complex. The spectra of the individual uranyl(VI) malonate complexes were calculated using a multi exponential fluorescence decay function for each intensity value at each wavelength, covering the entire wavelength range. Stability constants were determined for the complexes UO(2)C(3)H(2)O(4)degrees((aq)) and UO2(C3H2O4)(2)(2-) from results of spectra deconvolution using a least square fit algorithm (log beta(1)degrees = 4.48 +/- 0.06, log beta(2)degrees = 7.42 +/- 0.06 or log K(2)degrees = 2.94 +/- 0.04). The results are compared with literature values obtained by potentiometric measurements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Nitsche, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-1150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 8 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 3 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.3_2002.147 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 535QM UT WOS:000174655300005 ER PT J AU Jensen, MP Bond, AH AF Jensen, MP Bond, AH TI Influence of aggregation on the extraction of trivalent lanthanide and actinide cations by purified Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301, and Cyanex 302 SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE extraction; Cyanex; aggregation; Americium; curium ID LIQUID MEMBRANE-TRANSPORT; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; ORGANOPHOSPHINIC ACID; DITHIOPHOSPHINIC ACIDS; COMPLEXES; SEPARATION; AMERICIUM; STABILITY; DODECANE; ELEMENTS AB The extraction of trivalent lanthanide (Sm3+, Eu3+) and actinide (Am3+, Cm3+) cations from 1.0 M NaNO3 into n-dodecane solutions of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (HC272), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid (HC302), and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (11001) is reported. In each case, the dependence of the distribution ratios on the total extractant concentration is approximately second power. Using NMR, the dimerization constant of HC301 is determined to be 0.67 +/- 0.06 at 25.0 degreesC in deuterated n-heptane, implying that the average aggregation of the extractant changes greatly across the extractant concentration range studied. When the effect of aggregation is considered for each of the extractants, the stoichiometries of the extracted complexes are found to be M(H(C272)(2))(3), M(C302)(3), and M(C301)(3). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 39 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 21 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 4 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.4_2002.205 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551YL UT WOS:000175591500004 ER PT J AU Panak, PJ Booth, CH Caulder, DL Bucher, JJ Shuh, DK Nitsche, H AF Panak, PJ Booth, CH Caulder, DL Bucher, JJ Shuh, DK Nitsche, H TI X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy of plutonium complexes with Bacillus sphaericus SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE XANES; EXAFS; plutonium(VI); biosorption; soil bacteria; Bacillus sphaericus ID URANIUM; BACTERIA; IONS AB Knowledge of the plutonium complexes formed with bacterial cells is critical for predicting the influence of microbial interactions on the migration behavior of actinides in the environment. This investigation describes the interaction of plutonium(VI) with cells of the aerobic soil bacteria, Bacillus sphaericus. The studies include the quantification of carboxylate and phosphate functional groups on the cell walls by potentiometric titration and the determination of the plutonium speciation by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). Extended-XAFS (EXAFS) was used to determine the identity of the Pu(VI) interfacial complex with the bacteria, and the Pu(VI) was found primarily bound to phosphate groups on the cell surface. No carboxylate complexation was detected. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nitsche, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, ROBL/A-2586-2011; Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 20 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 6 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.6.315 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 577BR UT WOS:000177042100002 ER PT J AU Rai, BD Felmy, AR Hess, NJ LeGore, VL McCready, DE AF Rai, BD Felmy, AR Hess, NJ LeGore, VL McCready, DE TI Thermodynamics of the U(VI)-Ca2+-Cl--OH--H2O system: Solubility product of becquerelite SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE thermodynamics; becquerelite; solubility; solubility product; hexavalent uranium; uranium ID NATURAL-WATERS; MODEL; PREDICTION AB The solubility of synthetic becquerelite (Ca(UO2)(6)O-4(OH)(6)(.)8H(2)O) was determined in 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5M CaCl2 solutions and at pC(H+) values ranging from approximately 4 to 11. The presence of becquerelite in equilibrated samples was confirmed by a combination of techniques involving X-ray diffraction, total chemical composition, and analyses of solubility data. The solubility data were interpreted using Pitzer's aqueous thermodynamic model and the thermodynamic data for U(VI) species available in the literature. The log of the solubility product for becquerelite [Ca(UO2)(6)O-4 (OH)(6) (.) 8H2O + 14H(+) = Ca2+ + 6UO(2)(2+) + 18H(2)O] was determined to be 41.4 +/- 0.2. This value is similar to the values previously reported for other synthetic becquerelites, but is drastically different from a value reported for a natural sample. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rai, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 9-11 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.9-11_2002.495 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 635BQ UT WOS:000180377300003 ER PT J AU Wall, NA Borkowski, M Chen, JF Choppin, GR AF Wall, NA Borkowski, M Chen, JF Choppin, GR TI Complexation of americium with humic, fulvic and citric acids at high ionic strength SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE complexation; humic; fulvic; citric; americium; WIPP ID METAL-HUMATE INTERACTIONS; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; NEPTUNIUM(V); CITRATE; ACETATE; MODEL AB The stability constants of the Am3+ complexes of humic, fulvic and citric acids (HA, FA and Cit) were determined as a function of ionic strength (NaCl) using a solvent extraction technique. At a HA degree of ionization of 0.7 for the carboxylate groups, the Am-HA binding constant, log beta(1), varies from 8.3 at I = 0.2 in to 7.2 at I = 6.0 m. The log beta(1) of Am-Cit varies from 5.9 at I = 0.3 m to 5.10 at I = 5.0 m. Comparison of the binding constants of Am with HA, FA and Cit shows that, at high ionic strength, log beta(1) (AmCit) approximate to log beta(1) (AmFA) approximate to {log beta(1)(AmHA) - 1}. Comparison of the values of other metals indicate that the log beta(1) values for Cit can serve to estimate HA and FA. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Wall, NA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 4100 Natl Pk Highway, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 9-11 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.9-11_2002.563 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 635BQ UT WOS:000180377300013 ER PT J AU Rao, LF Jiang, J Zanonato, PL Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A Garnov, AY AF Rao, LF Jiang, J Zanonato, PL Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A Garnov, AY TI Complexation of uranium(VI) with malonate at variable temperatures SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium(VI); malonate; complexation; temperature effect; stability constants; enthalpy; entropy ID PARTIAL MOLAL PROPERTIES; HIGH-PRESSURES; ACETATE; IONS; ELECTROLYTES; NEODYMIUM; STANDARD AB The complexation between uranium(VI) and malonate in 1.05 mol kg(-1) NaClO4 was studied at variable temperatures (25, 35, 45, 55 and 70degreesC). The formation constants of three successive complexes, UO2(OOCCH2COO), UO2(OOCCH2COO)(2)(2-) and UO2(OOCCH2COO)(3)(4-), and the molar enthalpies of complexation were determined by potentiometry and calorimetry. The heat capacity of the complexation, DeltaCdegrees(p,m(MLj)), is calculated to be 96 +/- 12, 195 +/- 15 and 267 +/- 22 J K-1 mol(-1) for j = 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy helped to characterize the coordination modes in the complexes in solution. UV/Vis absorption and luminescence spectra at different temperatures provided qualitative information on the temperature effect. The effect of temperature on the complexation between uranium(VI) and malonate is discussed in terms of the electrostatic model and compared with the complexation between uranium(VI) and acetate. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Chim Inorgan Met Organ & Analit, I-35131 Padua, Italy. CNR, Ist Chim & Tecnol Mat Avanzati, Padua, Italy. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 9-11 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.9-11_2002.581 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 635BQ UT WOS:000180377300016 ER PT J AU Panak, PJ Knopp, R Booth, CH Nitsche, H AF Panak, PJ Knopp, R Booth, CH Nitsche, H TI Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of U(VI) with Bacillus sphaericus SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium; bacteria; phosphate; time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID CITROBACTER SP; URANIUM; WASTES AB We studied the interaction of U(VI) with vegetative cells, heat killed cells, spores, and decomposed cells of Bacillus sphaericus. The characterization of the formed complexes was performed by time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and extended X-ray absorption fin structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). We observed no significant differences in the sorption behavior of vegetative and heat killed cells, whereas the spores showed a higher sorption of U(VI) (related to their dry weight). Regardless of the higher relative sorption of the spores of B. sphaericus, the fluorescence and EXAFS spectra of the vegetative cells, heat killed cells and spores were almost identical. Analysis of the data proved that U(VI) forms inner sphere complexes with organic bound phosphate groups on the cell surface. We observed no significant differences in the coordination numbers and the distances of the oxygen and phosphorus atoms in the inner coordination sphere. After eight weeks, the vegetative cells of B. sphaericus were completely decomposed. Lysing of the cell walls and activity of enzymes led to a release of various decomposition products. We found that large amounts of H2PO4- were released which caused a quantitative precipitation of bacterial U(VI) as UO2(H2PO4)(2). The H2PO4- was detected by Raman spectroscopy. The decomposed bacterial suspension showed the same fluorescence spectrum as UO2(H2PO4)(2) which differed significantly from those of the bacterial U(VI) surface complexes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Panak, PJ (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, POB 3460, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, ROBL/A-2586-2011; Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 14 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 9-11 BP 779 EP 783 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.9-11_2002.779 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 635BQ UT WOS:000180377300045 ER PT J AU Songkasiri, W Reed, DT Rittmann, BE AF Songkasiri, W Reed, DT Rittmann, BE TI Bio-sorption of neptunium(V) by Pseudomonas fluorescens SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE bio-sorption; neptunium; pseudomonas; isotherms ID BIOSORPTION; SPECIATION; SOLUBILITY; HYDROLYSIS; MIGRATION; BACTERIA; BINDING AB The bio-sorption of neptunyl (NpO2+) by Pseudomonas fluorescens was investigated. The overall goals of this research are to identify key interactions between neptunium and soil bacteria and to model these effects under subsurface-related conditions. Neptunyl, which is generally thought to be non-sorptive, was significantly sorbed under all conditions studied. At initial neptunyl concentrations of 4.75 muM and pH = 7, as much as 85% of the neptunium was sorbed under aerobic conditions. Kinetic studies show that neptunyl was sorbed rapidly within the first 15 minutes. The extent of sorption also increased with pH. In all cases, the sorbed neptunium was shown to be NpO2+ by X-ray absorption near edged spectroscopy (XANES) analysis, confirming that there was no reduction to Np(IV) under the conditions of our experiment. The sorption data were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A comparison of the two approaches showed a significantly better fit for the Freundlich isotherm, and the Freundlich parameter values suggest interactions between sorbed NpO2+ molecules. These data show that bio-sorption, even for neptunyl, has a significant role in defining the speciation of neptunium and, hence, its overall mobility in the subsurface. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Songkasiri, W (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Songkasiri , Warinthorn/H-9274-2013 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 9-11 BP 785 EP 789 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.9-11_2002.785 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 635BQ UT WOS:000180377300046 ER PT J AU Francis, AJ Dodge, CJ Meinken, GE AF Francis, AJ Dodge, CJ Meinken, GE TI Biotransformation of pertechnetate by Clostridia SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE clostridium; technetium; reduction; colloids; stabilization; mobilization ID TECHNETIUM; REDUCTION; TC; MICROORGANISMS; DISSOLUTION; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; TC-99; SOILS; DTPA AB Clostridia are strict anaerobic, spore-forming, fermentative bacteria commonly present in soils, sediments, and wastes; and, they play a major role in the decomposition of a wide variety of organic compounds. They also are involved in the reduction of iron, manganese, and uranium, thereby affecting their solubility. However, little is known of the ability of Clostridia to reduce technetium (Tc). We investigated the reduction and precipitation of pertechnetate by Clostridium sphenoides able to metabolize citrate as its sole carbon source, and Clostridium sp. capable of fermenting glucose but not citric acid. Both species reduced Tc(VII) to Tc(IV), although C. sphenoides did so at a greater rate and extent than Clostridium sp. The reduced Tc was predominantly associated with the cell biomass. It also was present in solution complexed with bacterial metabolic products (MW > 5000). Adding diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to Clostridium sp. resulted in the formation of a soluble Tc(IV)-DTPA complex, whereas with C. sphenoides only a small amount of Tc was present in solution, indicating that insoluble Tc species were formed. These results suggest that Clostridia may play a major role in regulating the mobility of Tc under anaerobic conditions in wastes and subsurface environments. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Francis, AJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 9-11 BP 791 EP 797 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.9-11_2002.791 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 635BQ UT WOS:000180377300047 ER PT J AU Lougheed, RW Webster, W Namboodiri, MN Nethaway, DR Moody, KJ Landrum, JH Hoff, RW Dupzyk, RJ McQuaid, JH Gunnink, R Watkins, ED AF Lougheed, RW Webster, W Namboodiri, MN Nethaway, DR Moody, KJ Landrum, JH Hoff, RW Dupzyk, RJ McQuaid, JH Gunnink, R Watkins, ED TI Pu-239 and Am-241 (n, 2n) cross-section measurements near E-n=14 MeV SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE neutron cross sections; plutonium; Americium; fission products; 14 MeV neutrons AB We measured the (n, 2n) cross sections for neutron energies from 13.7 to 15.1 MeV on Pu-231 and Am-241 by alpha- and gamma-spectroscopy measurements of the post-irradiation Pu-238/Pu-239 Pu and Am-240/Am-241 ratios relative to the (n, 2n) cross sections of Au-196 and other calibration reactions. Statistical errors on the measurements were not more than a few percent. Cross-section values ranged from 228 to 214 millibams for the reaction on Pu-239 and from 260 to 222 millibams for the Am-241 reaction for neutron energies from 13.7 to 15.1 MeV. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moody, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 12 BP 833 EP 843 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.12_2002.833 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 641KT UT WOS:000180744500001 ER PT J AU Antonio, MR Williams, CW Soderholm, L AF Antonio, MR Williams, CW Soderholm, L TI Berkelium redox speciation SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE aquo ion; berkelium; EXAFS; hydration; Nernst analysis; spectroelectrochemistry; XANES ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; TRANSPLUTONIUM ION BERKELIUM; SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS; AQUEOUS CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; RARE-EARTH IONS; COORDINATION HYDRATION; AQUO IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; RADII AB The inner-sphere hydration environments of the Bk3+ . nH(2)O and Bk4+ - n' H2O aquo ions in 1 M HClO4 were determined and are viewed in the context of other 5 f (actinide) and 4f (lanthanide) aquo ions. The formal potential of the Bk4+/Bk3+ redox couple and the reorganization of the hydration sphere, in terms of the average Bk-OH2 interatomic distances and number of coordinated water molecules (n and n'), were determined through in situ X-ray absorption spectroelectrochemistry. The participation of H2O in the electrochemical conversion and the rearrangement of the hydration environment upon reduction-oxidation are summarized in the equation: [Bk(OH2)(8)](4+) + H2O + e(-) reversible arrow [Bk(OH2)(9)](3+) . The change of hydration about Bk-249 between the trivalent and tetravalent states is believed to reflect predominantly steric factors related to the difference of ionic radii, rather than electronic or bonding influences. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Antonio, Mark/0000-0002-1208-4534 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 15 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 12 BP 851 EP 856 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.12_2002.851 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 641KT UT WOS:000180744500003 ER PT J AU Eichler, B Adams, J Eichler, R Gaggeler, HW Peterson, J AF Eichler, B Adams, J Eichler, R Gaggeler, HW Peterson, J TI Thermochromatography of Am-241 and Es-254 in chlorinating carrier gases SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Einsteinium trichloride; Americium trichloride; thermochromatography; adsorption enthalpy AB Gas adsorption chromatography experiments were carried out with Es and Am in a temperature gradient tube using chlorinating carrier gas. From the observed deposition temperatures the adsorption enthalpies of AMCl(3) and EsCl3 on the chromatographic surface (quartz glass surface, dynamically modified by the chlorinating carrier gases) were deduced for the first time. In good agreement, both the model of mobile adsorption and the Monte Carlo model resulted in: DeltaH(ads) AmCl3 = (-206 +/- 5) kJ/mol and DeltaH(ads) EsCl3 = (-204 +/- 5) kJ/mol. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Radio & Umweltchem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Eichler, B (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Radio & Umweltchem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Eichler, Robert/G-5130-2011 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 90 IS 12 BP 895 EP 897 DI 10.1524/ract.2002.90.12_2002.895 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 641KT UT WOS:000180744500010 ER PT B AU Domotor, SL Wallo, A Peterson, HT AF Domotor, SL Wallo, A Peterson, HT GP OECD OECD TI US Department of Energy's graded approach for evaluating radiation doses to aquatic and terrestrial biota SO RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT: THE PATH FORWARD TO A NEW POLICY? LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NEA Forum on Radiological Protection of the Environment the Path Forward to a New Policy CY FEB 12-14, 2002 CL TAORMINA, ITALY SP Int Commiss Radiol Protect C1 US DOE, Off Environm Policy & Guidance, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Domotor, SL (reprint author), US DOE, Off Environm Policy & Guidance, Room GA-098,1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-09969-7 PY 2002 BP 145 EP 147 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BW21P UT WOS:000181205600014 ER PT B AU Brush, LH Bryan, CR Meigs, LC Papenguth, HW Vaughn, P AF Brush, LH Bryan, CR Meigs, LC Papenguth, HW Vaughn, P GP OECD OECD TI The consideration and representation of retention processes in the WIPP performance assessment: Justification of adopted approaches and interaction with the regulator - Part I: Chemical retardation of dissolved actinides SO RADIONUCLIDE RETENTION IN GEOLOGIC MEDIA, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th GEOTRAP Workshop on Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL SWEDISH NUCL FUEL & WASTE MANAGEMENT CO, OSKARSHAMN, SWEDEN HO SWEDISH NUCL FUEL & WASTE MANAGEMENT CO ID TRACER TESTS; MASS-TRANSFER; DOLOMITE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Brush, LH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 4100 Natl Pks Highway, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-19695-1 PY 2002 BP 179 EP 186 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU29F UT WOS:000175585100014 ER PT J AU Halas, S Wojtowicz, A Nowak, J Durakiewicz, T AF Halas, S Wojtowicz, A Nowak, J Durakiewicz, T TI Temperature controller for thermal ionization mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB We describe the use of a simple voltage stabilizer that controls the filament temperature (T-f) in the ion source of a thermal ionization mass spectrometer. The filament voltage (V-f) is measured by means of a separate pair of wires connected inside of the ion source in parallel to the wires supplying power. It has been demonstrated that V-f is directly proportional to T-f in a wide range of filament temperature. The T-f value is solely controlled by the reference voltage (V-r) that can be manually selected from a voltage divider or by means of a computer. Digital signals from the computer in the form of a series of pulses are transmitted opto-electronically and subsequently converted to analog signals. The temperature controller described here was successfully applied for analysis of potassium concentration by the isotope dilution method. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Mass Spect Lab, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. Polish Geol Inst, PL-00950 Warsaw, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 10 Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Halas, S (reprint author), Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Mass Spect Lab, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. OI Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1002/rcm.548 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 506MN UT WOS:000172976500010 PM 11754250 ER PT J AU Moxom, J Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Moxom, J Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Double resonance ejection in a micro ion trap mass spectrometer SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID BLACK-HOLES; SIMULATION AB Ion ejection from a cylindrical micro ion trap by resonance excitation of the secular motion is observed to be strongly dependent on the frequency of the secular motion at resonance. Both the intensity of the ion signal and the mass resolution of the resulting mass spectrum are increased when the ion secular frequency is approximately that of a nonlinear resonance of the trap. The resonances are attributed to electrical as well as geometrical considerations. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Whitten, WB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008 MS 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 8 BP 755 EP 760 DI 10.1002/rcm.635 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 534WF UT WOS:000174612200003 PM 11921259 ER PT J AU Hack, CA Benner, WH AF Hack, CA Benner, WH TI A simple algorithm improves mass accuracy to 50-100 ppm for delayed extraction linear matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION IONIZATION; MALDI-TOF; RESOLUTION; PEPTIDE; IONS; IDENTIFICATION; CALIBRATION; VELOCITY AB A simple mathematical technique for improving mass calibration accuracy of linear delayed extraction matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DE MALDI-TOFMS) spectra is presented. The method involves fitting a parabola to a plot of Deltam vs. mass data where Deltam is the difference between the theoretical mass of calibrants and the mass obtained from a linear relationship between the square root of m/z and ion time of flight. The quadratic equation that describes the parabola is then used to correct the mass of unknowns by subtracting the deviation predicted by the quadratic equation from measured data. By subtracting the value of the parabola at each mass from the calibrated data, the accuracy of mass data points can be improved by factors of 10 or more. This method produces highly similar results whether or not initial ion velocity is accounted for in the calibration equation; consequently, there is no need to depend on that uncertain parameter when using the quadratic correction. This method can be used to correct the internally calibrated masses of protein digest peaks. The effect of nitrocellulose as a matrix additive is also briefly discussed, and it is shown that using nitrocellulose as an additive to the alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (alphaCHCA) matrix does not significantly change initial ion velocity but does change the average position of ions relative to the sample electrode at the instant the extraction voltage is applied. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Benner, WH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 13 BP 1304 EP 1312 DI 10.1002/rcm.715 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 570HM UT WOS:000176652900008 PM 12112258 ER PT J AU Valentine, NB Wahl, JH Kingsley, MT Wahl, KL AF Valentine, NB Wahl, JH Kingsley, MT Wahl, KL TI Direct surface analysis of fungal species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID RAPID IDENTIFICATION; WHOLE CELLS; BACTERIA; SPORES; STRAINS AB In this study various methods of sample preparation and matrices were investigated to determine optimum collection and analysis criteria for fungal analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Intact spores and/or hyphae of Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). The fungal samples were applied to the MALDI sample target as untreated, sonicated, or acid/heat treated samples, or blotted directly from the fungal culture with double-stick tape. Ferulic acid or sinapinic acid matrix solution was layered over the dried samples and analyzed by MALDI-MS. Statistical analysis showed that simply using double-stick tape to collect and transfer to a MALDI sample plate typically worked as well as the other preparation methods, and required the least sample handling. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Valentine, NB (reprint author), POB 999,Battelle Blvd, Richmond, WA 99353 USA. NR 22 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 14 BP 1352 EP 1357 DI 10.1002/rcm.721 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 574KD UT WOS:000176887500002 PM 12112615 ER PT J AU Wierenga, SK Zocher, MJ Mirus, MM Conrads, TP Goshe, MB Veenstra, TD AF Wierenga, SK Zocher, MJ Mirus, MM Conrads, TP Goshe, MB Veenstra, TD TI A method to evaluate tryptic digestion efficiency for high-throughput proteome analyses SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Letter ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; GENOME C1 NCI, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Prosser High Sch, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Veenstra, TD (reprint author), NCI, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 14 BP 1404 EP 1408 DI 10.1002/rcm.729 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 574KD UT WOS:000176887500008 PM 12112621 ER PT J AU Gies, AP Nonidez, WK Anthamatten, M Cook, RC Mays, JW AF Gies, AP Nonidez, WK Anthamatten, M Cook, RC Mays, JW TI Characterization of an insoluble polyimide oligomer by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE PREPARATION; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLYMERS; FILMS; NIF AB In the past two years, papers have appeared in the literature which demonstrate that matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra can be obtained from matrix-analyte preparations which have been produced by grinding the two materials together until a powder of small particle size is obtained. In the present study that methodology was modified and applied to an insoluble polyimide oligomer, poly(4,4'-oxydiphenylenepyromellitimide) (POPM). Two matrix materials were employed in this analysis, 1,8 dihydroxyanthrone (dithranol) and 3-aminoquinoline, with and without an additional cationizing agent. The spectra obtained by this method are shown to be sensitive to the matrix employed in the analysis as well as the quantity of cationizing agent combined with the matrix. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nonidez, WK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 17 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 20 BP 1903 EP 1910 DI 10.1002/rcm.809 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 604AD UT WOS:000178592700002 PM 12362380 ER PT J AU Zhu, HN Pan, SQ Gu, S Bradbury, EM Chen, X AF Zhu, HN Pan, SQ Gu, S Bradbury, EM Chen, X TI Amino acid residue specific stable isotope labeling for quantitative proteomics SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; PROTEIN MIXTURES; ZINC; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDES; NANOELECTROSPRAY; COMBINATION; ACCURATE; ZAP1P; YEAST AB Various stable isotope labeling (SIL) techniques have recently emerged to improve the efficiency and accuracy of protein quantitation by mass spectrometry (MS). We have developed a mass-tagging strategy to incorporate stable isotope tagged amino acids into cellular proteins in a residue-specific manner during cell growth. In this study, we further extend this residue-specific SIL approach to the accurate quantitation of protein abundances in different cell populations. For proteins whose expression levels are the same in cells grown in the normal and labeled media, the relative areas of the normal (light) and labeled (heavy) isotopic peaks are linearly correlated with the cells mixing ratios. This approach was first used to determine the effect of the zinc-responsive transcription factor Zap1 on the yeast proteome. Ten protein spots from a PAGE gel were chosen randomly and their differential protein expression levels in wild-type and zap1Delta cells were readily determined by the isotopic ratio. Methionine synthase (Met6) was identified to be up-regulated more than four times in the zap1Delta mutant strain whereas the expression level of other nine proteins remained unchanged. Further, we applied this strategy to study the cellular response to radiation in human skin fibroblast cells. Analyzing one protein band randomly selected from SDS-PAGE, the expression level of a novel protein was found to increase two-fold in response to radiation whereas the expression level of a control protein remained unchanged. This strategy is generally applicable using any particular type of amino acid as the labeling precursors for accurate quantitation of protein relative abundances. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS M888,BN-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Haining/A-6076-2008 NR 28 TC 144 Z9 148 U1 5 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 22 BP 2115 EP 2123 DI 10.1002/rcm.831 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 615LE UT WOS:000179246000006 PM 12415544 ER PT B AU McCallum, RW Kramer, MJ Dennis, KW Lewis, LH AF McCallum, RW Kramer, MJ Dennis, KW Lewis, LH BE Hadjipanayis, GC Bonder, MJ TI Nd-Fe-Al, a spin glass transition in a collection of superparamagnetic clusters SO RARE EARTH MAGNETS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on Rare Earth Magnets and Their Applications CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL NEWARK, MD SP Magnequench, Electron Energy Corp, Vacuumschmelze, DARPA, ARO, Wright Patterson Air Force Base ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; COERCIVITY AB In the Nd-Fe-Al system, compositions in the range of Nd60Fe30Al10 have been reported to be ferromagnetic bulk metallic glasses with high coercivities. Careful examination of both the microstructure and magnetic properties of these materials shows this to be true only in the most general sense. The materials are shown to be nanocomposites, in the strictest sense, with characteristic structural length scales on the order of 1.2 nm. Magnetically, the materials are also composites exhibiting a number of magnetic transitions as a function of temperature. The temperature dependence of the magnetic properties will be discussed in terms of strongly interacting superparamagnetic clusters residing in a paramagnetic matrix. The clusters exhibit a frequency-dependent blocking temperature as determined from AC susceptibility, that is is inconsistent with simple superparamagnetic behavior but is consistent with a spin glass-type ordering of the clusters to form a cluster glass. For a temperature region extending approximately 100 K below the cluster glass ordering temperature, the materials exhibit low coercivity. Below this temperature regime significant coercivities develop. The energy barrier to magnetic reversal provided by the product of the cluster volume multiplied by the anisotropy energy is inconsistent with the values required to fit the superparamagnetic behavior above the spin glass transition in the framework of the random anisotropy model. Instead, the existence in this system of significant coercivity is associated with a change in the paramagnetic fraction of the sample consistent with antiferromagnetic ordering of part of the paramagnetic matrix. The remainder of the matrix material orders ferromagnetically at a lower temperature and the interaction between the antiferromagnetic clusters and the ferromagnetic matrix underlies the large coercivities observed at low temperatures. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP McCallum, RW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-028-2 PY 2002 BP 176 EP 183 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BW76E UT WOS:000183080300019 ER PT B AU Lewis, LH Harland, CL AF Lewis, LH Harland, CL BE Hadjipanayis, GC Bonder, MJ TI Anisotropy determinations in exchange-spring magnets SO RARE EARTH MAGNETS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on Rare Earth Magnets and Their Applications CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL NEWARK, MD SP Magnequench, Electron Energy Corp, Vacuumschmelze, DARPA, ARO, Wright Patterson Air Force Base ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS AB A modified micromagnetic phenomenological model is applied to nanocomposite permanent magnetic alloys with the goal of determining the system's effective anisotropy. Hysteresis loops were obtained from well-characterized nanocrystalline alloys based on the composition Nd2Fe14B at temperatures above the spin reorientation temperature. The resultant data are analyzed within the framework of the micromagnetic phenomenological model. Preliminary results indicate that the effective anisotropy constant in the material is intermediate to that of bulk alpha-Fe and of bulk Nd2Fe14B and increases with decreasing temperature. These results support the idea that magnetic reversal in magnetic nanocomposite systems initiates in the lower-anisotropy regions of the system, and that the soft-phase regions become exchange-hardened by virtue of their proximity to the magnetically-hard regions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lewis, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-028-2 PY 2002 BP 409 EP 415 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BW76E UT WOS:000183080300050 ER PT B AU Lewis, LH Harland, CL AF Lewis, LH Harland, CL BE Hadjipanayis, GC Bonder, MJ TI Field dependence of the spin reorientation temperature in micro- and nanocrystalline forms of Nd2Fe14B SO RARE EARTH MAGNETS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on Rare Earth Magnets and Their Applications CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL NEWARK, MD SP Magnequench, Electron Energy Corp, Vacuumschmelze, DARPA, ARO, Wright Patterson Air Force Base ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ANISOTROPY; R2FE14B; FERROMAGNETS; COERCIVITY; TRANSITION; SIZE; ND AB Insight into the anisotropy behaviour of Nd2Fe14B may be obtained by measurements of the spin reorientation temperature T-S where the overall magnetocrystalline anisotropy changes to allow the magnetic moment to relax from an easy-axis to an easy-cone configuration. DC magnetisation measurements made at various applied fields on single crystal, sintered and nanocrystalline forms of Nd2Fe14B indicate a T-S that remains constant for the sintered and single crystal samples but is strongly field-dependent for the nanocrystalline forms of the material. Specifically, T-S decreases with decreasing applied fields of strengths 5 T, 1 T and 0.1 T. A simple model that minimizes the total energy of the system leads to the conclusion that the spin reorientation temperature is insensitive to applied field. Therefore it is concluded that the apparent decrease in the system's spin reorientation temperatures with decrease in measuring field can be attributed to the nanoscale structure of the system and a difference in the anisotropy constants compared to their bulk values. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lewis, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-028-2 PY 2002 BP 572 EP 578 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BW76E UT WOS:000183080300069 ER PT B AU Mulcahy, TM Hull, JR Rozendaal, E Wise, JH AF Mulcahy, TM Hull, JR Rozendaal, E Wise, JH BE Hadjipanayis, GC Bonder, MJ TI NdFeB magnets aligned in a 9-T superconducting solenoid SO RARE EARTH MAGNETS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on Rare Earth Magnets and Their Applications CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL NEWARK, MD SP Magnequench, Electron Energy Corp, Vacuumschmelze, DARPA, ARO, Wright Patterson Air Force Base AB Commercial-grade magnet powder (Magnequench UG) was uniaxial die-pressed into cylindrical compacts, while being aligned in the 1-T to 8-T DC field of a superconducting solenoid at Argonne National Laboratory. Then, the compacts were added to normal Magnequench UG production batches for sintering and annealing. The variations in magnet properties for different strengths of alignment fields are reported for 15.88-mm (5/8-in.) diameter compacts made with length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios in the range greater than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 1. The best magnets were produced when the powder-filled die was inserted into the active field of the solenoid and then pressed. Improvements in the residual flux density of 8% and in the energy product of 16% were achieved by increasing the alignment field beyond the typical 2-T capabilities of electromagnets. The most improvement was achieved for the compacts with the smallest L/D ratio. The ability to make very strong magnets with small L/D, where self-demagnetization effects during alignment are greatest, would benefit most the production of near-final-shape magnets. Compaction of the magnet powder using a horizontal die and a continuously active superconducting solenoid was not a problem. Although the press was operated in the batch mode for this proof-of-concept study, its design is intended to enable automated production. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mulcahy, TM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-028-2 PY 2002 BP 600 EP 607 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BW76E UT WOS:000183080300073 ER PT B AU Jiang, JS Pearson, JE Bader, SD Liu, JP AF Jiang, JS Pearson, JE Bader, SD Liu, JP BE Hadjipanayis, GC Bonder, MJ TI Improving exchange-spring magnets with interfacial modification SO RARE EARTH MAGNETS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on Rare Earth Magnets and Their Applications CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL NEWARK, MD SP Magnequench, Electron Energy Corp, Vacuumschmelze, DARPA, ARO, Wright Patterson Air Force Base ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; SYSTEMS; FILMS AB Using magnetic thin film multilayers as model exchange-spring systems proves to be the promising intellectual path that helps generate the mechanistic and materials insights needed to create high-performance permanent magnet materials. We demonstrate a new route to improve exchange-spring magnets whereby the hard/soft interface in epitaxial Sm-Co/Fe and Sm-Co/Co bilayer thin film structures is modified via thermal processing. The effect of thermal processing is modeled with a graded interfacial region across which the material parameters vary linearly. We discuss the mechanism for improved exchange-spring behavior and the implication on magnet processing toward realizing the full potential of the exchange-spring principle. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jiang, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-028-2 PY 2002 BP 727 EP 737 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BW76E UT WOS:000183080300091 ER PT B AU Bjornstad, D Brewer, P Cummings, R McKee, M AF Bjornstad, D Brewer, P Cummings, R McKee, M BE List, JA DeZeeuw, A TI An experimental test for options value: Relevance for contingent value elicitation SO RECENT ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS SE NEW HORIZONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Recent Advances in Environmental Economics CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL ID UNCERTAINTY; INVESTMENT; IRREVERSIBILITY; INFORMATION; DECISIONS; SURPLUS; DEMAND; RISK C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 1-84376-002-9 J9 NEW HOR ENV ECO PY 2002 BP 340 EP 364 PG 25 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW14Y UT WOS:000180992900015 ER PT S AU Bernholdt, DE Elwasif, WR Kohl, JA AF Bernholdt, DE Elwasif, WR Kohl, JA BE Kranzlmuller, D Kacsuk, P Dongarra, J Volkert, J TI Communication infrastructure in high-performance component-based scientific computing SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VITUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2002 CL LINZ, AUSTRIA SP IBM Deutschland GmbH, Myricon Inc, Microsoft Res, Silicon Graph GmbH, Hewlett-Packard, Adv Micro Dev GmbH, NEC Europe Ltd, Dolphin Interconnect Solut, SCALI AS, Platform Comp GmbH, Pallas GmbH, Numer Algorithms Grp Ltd, Johannes Kepler Univ Linz DE scientific computing; Common Component Architecture; component-based systems; SCMD programming; PVM; MPI AB Component-based programming has been recognized as an effective technique to manage the increasing complexity of high performance scientific code. Yet the adoption of the component approach introduces new challenges that axe unique to the parallel and distributed high performance scientific computing domain. The Common Component Architecture (CCA) is an ongoing effort to develop a component model targeted specifically to the needs of high-performance scientific computing, and to study the issues involved in developing, deploying, and using such an infrastructure in the HPC environment. In this paper, we present an overview of our investigation into incorporating message passing systems, namely MPI and PVM, into CCA component-based applications and frameworks. We discuss the architectural and performance issues of different design options, and their impact on developing new components as well as on the process of componentizing existing codes. These ideas are based on experiences and insights gained from developing a number of scientific simulations within the prototype parallel Ccaffeine framework. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bernholdt, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bernholdtde@ornl.gov; elwasifwr@ornl.gov; kohlja@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44296-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2474 BP 260 EP 270 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY30N UT WOS:000188863600030 ER PT S AU Gropp, W AF Gropp, W BE Kranzlmuller, D Kacsuk, P Dongarra, J Volkert, J TI Building library components that can use any MPI implementation SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VITUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2002 CL LINZ, AUSTRIA SP IBM Deutschland GmbH, Myricon Inc, Microsoft Res, Silicon Graph GmbH, Hewlett-Packard, Adv Micro Dev GmbH, NEC Europe Ltd, Dolphin Interconnect Solut, SCALI AS, Platform Comp GmbH, Pallas GmbH, Numer Algorithms Grp Ltd, Johannes Kepler Univ Linz AB The Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard for programming parallel computers is widely used for building both programs and libraries. Two of the strengths of MPI axe its support for libraries and the existence of multiple implementations on many platforms. These two strengths conflict, however, when an application wants to use libraries built with different MPI implementations. This paper describes several solutions to this problem, based on minor changes to the API. These solutions also suggest design considerations for other standards, particularly those that expect to have multiple implementations and to be used in concert with other libraries. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gropp, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gropp@mcs.anl.gov OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44296-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2474 BP 280 EP 287 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY30N UT WOS:000188863600032 ER PT S AU Brightwell, R Maccabe, AB Riesen, R AF Brightwell, R Maccabe, AB Riesen, R BE Kranzlmuller, D Kacsuk, P Dongarra, J Volkert, J TI Design and implementation of MPI on Portals 3.0 SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VITUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2002 CL LINZ, AUSTRIA SP IBM Deutschland GmbH, Myricon Inc, Microsoft Res, Silicon Graph GmbH, Hewlett-Packard, Adv Micro Dev GmbH, NEC Europe Ltd, Dolphin Interconnect Solut, SCALI AS, Platform Comp GmbH, Pallas GmbH, Numer Algorithms Grp Ltd, Johannes Kepler Univ Linz ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE AB This paper describes an implementation of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) on the Portals 3.0 data movement layer. Portals 3.0 provides low-level building blocks that are flexible enough to support higher-level message passing layers such as MPI very efficiently. Portals 3.0 is also designed to allow for programmable network interface cards to offload message processing from the host processor. We will describe the basic building blocks in Portals 3.0, show how they can be put together to implement MPI, and:describe the protcols of an MPI implementation. We will look at several key operations within an MPI implementation and describe the effects that a Portals 3.0 implementation has on scalability and performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bright@cs.sandia.gov; maccabe@cs.unm.edu; rolf@cs.sandia.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44296-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2474 BP 331 EP 340 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY30N UT WOS:000188863600038 ER PT S AU Brightwell, R AF Brightwell, R BE Kranzlmuller, D Kacsuk, P Dongarra, J Volkert, J TI Ready-mode receive: An optimized receive function for MPI SO RECENT ADVANCES IN PARALLEL VITUAL MACHINE AND MESSAGE PASSING INTERFACE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface Group Meeting (PVM/MPI) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2002 CL LINZ, AUSTRIA SP IBM Deutschland GmbH, Myricon Inc, Microsoft Res, Silicon Graph GmbH, Hewlett-Packard, Adv Micro Dev GmbH, NEC Europe Ltd, Dolphin Interconnect Solut, SCALI AS, Platform Comp GmbH, Pallas GmbH, Numer Algorithms Grp Ltd, Johannes Kepler Univ Linz ID NETWORK AB This paper describes an extension to the MPI Standard that offers the potential to increase performance for receiving messages. This extension, the ready-mode receive, is the receive-side equivalent of the ready-mode send. This paper describes the semantics of this new receive function and discusses the potential for performance improvement that it offers. In particular, we discuss how the current trend toward using intelligent network interfaces may increase the potential for significant performance improvement. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bright@cs.sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44296-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2474 BP 385 EP 391 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY30N UT WOS:000188863600044 ER PT J AU Le Page, F Cabral-Neto, J Cooper, PK Sarasin, A AF Le Page, F Cabral-Neto, J Cooper, PK Sarasin, A TI Transcription-coupled repair of 8-oxoguanine in human cells SO REDOX CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS, PT B SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; COCKAYNE-SYNDROME; SHUTTLE VECTORS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MUTAGENESIS; DNA C1 CEA, Div Life Sci, F-92265 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Inst Biophys, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, Lab Genet Instabil & Canc, UPR 2169, F-94800 Villejuif, France. RP Le Page, F (reprint author), CEA, Div Life Sci, F-92265 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2002 VL 353 BP 536 EP 547 PN B PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BU60C UT WOS:000176466500045 PM 12078525 ER PT S AU Balick, L Ballard, J Smith, J Goltz, S AF Balick, L Ballard, J Smith, J Goltz, S BE Owe, M DUrso, G TI Directional satellite thermal IR measurements and modeling of a forest in winter and their relationship to air temperature SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology III CY SEP 17-19, 2001 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, NASA DE remote sensing; thermal infrared; forest temperature; forest energy budget; canopy temperature ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; DISTRIBUTIONS; SURFACE AB Data assimilation methods applied to hydrologic models can incorporate spatially distributed maps of near surface temperature, especially if such measurements can be reliably inferred from satellite observations. Uncalibrated thermal IR imagery sometimes is scaled to temperature units to obtain such observations using the assumption that dense forest canopies are close to air temperature. For fully leafed deciduous forest canopies in summer, this approximation is usually valid within 2C. In a leafless canopy, however, the materials viewed are thick boles and branches and the forest floor, which can store heat and yield significantly higher variations. Winter coniferous forests are intermediate with needles and branches being the predominant viewed materials. The US Dept. of Energy's Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is an experimental satellite with the capability to perform quantitative scene measurements in the reflective and thermal infrared region respectively. Its multispectral thermal IR capability enables quantitative surface temperature retrieval if pixel emissivity is known. MTI is pointable and targeted multiple times in the winter and spring of 2001 at the Howland, Maine AmeriFlux research site operated by the University of Maine. Supporting meteorological and optical depth measurements also were made from three towers at the site. Directional thermal models of forest woody materials and needles are driven by the surface measurements and compared to the satellite data to help evaluate the relationship between air temperature and satellite thermal measurements as a function of look angles, day and night. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87532 USA. RP Balick, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, M-S C323,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87532 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4267-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4542 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1117/12.454212 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BU20S UT WOS:000175312100018 ER PT S AU Brumby, SP Koch, SW Hansen, LA AF Brumby, SP Koch, SW Hansen, LA BE Ehlers, M TI Evolutionary computation and post-wildfire land-cover mapping with multispectral imagery SO REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, GIS APPLICATIONS, AND GEOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geology CY SEP 18-21, 2001 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, CNES, NASA DE feature extraction; genetic programming; supervised classification; multi-spectral imagery; land cover; wildfire ID FOREST-FIRE DETECTION; GENETIC ALGORITHM AB The Cerro Grande/Los Alamos wildfire devastated approximately 43,000 acres (17,500 ha) of forested land, and destroyed over 200 structures in the town of Los Alamos. The need to monitor the continuing impact of the fire on the local environment has led to the application of a number of advanced remote sensing technologies. During and after the fire, remote-sensing data was acquired from a variety of aircraft- and satellite-based sensors, including Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+). We now report on the application of a machine learning technique to the automated classification of land cover using multispectral imagery. We apply a hybrid genetic programming/supervised classification technique to evolve automatic feature extraction algorithms. We use a software package we have developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, called GENIE, to carry out this evolution. We use multispectral imagery from the Landsat 7 ETM+ instrument from before and after the wildfire. Using an existing land cover classification based on a Landsat 5 TM scene for our training data, we evolve algorithms that distinguish a range of land cover categories, along with clouds and cloud shadows. The details of our evolved classification are compared to the manually produced land-cover classification. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brumby, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4270-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4545 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.453671 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BU48P UT WOS:000176126200019 ER PT B AU Martin, RC Halpern, DS AF Martin, RC Halpern, DS BE Sauerwein, W Moss, R Wittig, A TI Development of miniature high-dose-rate Cf-252 sources for boron-enhanced and fast neutron brachytherapy SO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP, ESSEN, GERMANY SP European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, US DOE HO UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP AB Californium-252 neutron brachytherapy (NBT) is extremely effective in causing rapid regression of bulky, localized, radioresistant (hypoxic) tumors. However, availability of a miniature, high-dose-rate (HDR) Cf-252 source would greatly improve the clinical methodology. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL-) and Isotron, Inc., have co-developed a new generation of these Cf-252 sources suitable for interstitial and intracavitary HDR NBT, with capsule dimensions comparable to those of HDR photon brachytherapy sources. Isotron's NBT system, which includes a remote afterloader system (RAS) for source delivery, will treat adult and pediatric cancer in eighteen sites throughout the body. The future integration of Isotron's NBT system into a multi-modality therapy with boronated pharmaceuticals is particularly exciting. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Martin, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2909-3 PY 2002 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV35A UT WOS:000178661500021 ER PT B AU Nigg, D Wemple, C Venhuizen, J Tripard, G Sharp, S Fox, K Gavin, P Sweet, V AF Nigg, D Wemple, C Venhuizen, J Tripard, G Sharp, S Fox, K Gavin, P Sweet, V BE Sauerwein, W Moss, R Wittig, A TI Initial neutronic performance assessment of an epithermal neutron beam for neutron capture therapy research at Washington State University SO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP, ESSEN, GERMANY SP European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, US DOE HO UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Nigg, D (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2909-3 PY 2002 BP 135 EP 139 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV35A UT WOS:000178661500025 ER PT B AU Venhuizen, JR Nigg, DW Tripard, GE AF Venhuizen, JR Nigg, DW Tripard, GE BE Sauerwein, W Moss, R Wittig, A TI Construction of the WSU epithermal-neutron filter SO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP, ESSEN, GERMANY SP European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, US DOE HO UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP AB Moderating material has been installed in the original thermal-neutron filter region of the Washington State University (WSU) TRIGA(TM) type reactor to produce an epithermal-neutron beam. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Venhuizen, JR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2909-3 PY 2002 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV35A UT WOS:000178661500031 ER PT B AU Nigg, D Wemple, C Scates, W Harmon, F AF Nigg, D Wemple, C Scates, W Harmon, F BE Sauerwein, W Moss, R Wittig, A TI Filtered epithermal photoneutron beam parameter, studies for neutron capture therapy applications SO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP, ESSEN, GERMANY SP European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, US DOE HO UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP ID FACILITY C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Nigg, D (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2909-3 PY 2002 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV35A UT WOS:000178661500048 ER PT B AU Koivunoro, H Lou, TP Reijonen, J Leung, KN AF Koivunoro, H Lou, TP Reijonen, J Leung, KN BE Sauerwein, W Moss, R Wittig, A TI A compact neutron generator based on D-D or D-T fusion reaction for BNCT SO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP, ESSEN, GERMANY SP European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, US DOE HO UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP AB A new compact neutron generator based on D-D or D-T fusion reaction is developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. In this work, the applicability of the 2.5 or 14 MeV neutrons for BNCT application was studied. The neutron spectrum optimized with MCNP simulations for BNCT is presented in this paper. Medical application of another subcompact neutron generator will also be discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koivunoro, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2909-3 PY 2002 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV35A UT WOS:000178661500056 ER PT B AU Sweezy, J Lennox, A Hertel, N AF Sweezy, J Lennox, A Hertel, N BE Sauerwein, W Moss, R Wittig, A TI Paired tissue equivalent ionization chambers for boron enhanced fast neutron therapy SO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP, ESSEN, GERMANY SP European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, US DOE HO UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP ID DOSIMETRY; BEAM; FLUX AB No standard has yet emerged for the measurement of absorbed dose for boron enhanced fast neutron therapy. In order to provide a fast and accurate method of measuring the boron dose, a technique for the use of paired borated and non-borated tissue-equivalent ionization chambers has been developed. Two ionization chambers were constructed from tissue-equivalent A-150 plastic. One detector had 184 mg/kg B-10 loaded in the A-150 plastic, while the other contained no boron. These detectors have been used to measure the boron enhancement of the fast neutron therapy beam at the Fermilab Neutron Therapy Facility. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Sweezy, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2909-3 PY 2002 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV35A UT WOS:000178661500079 ER PT B AU Nigg, D Wessol, D Wemple, C Harkin, G Hartmann-Siantar, C AF Nigg, D Wessol, D Wemple, C Harkin, G Hartmann-Siantar, C BE Sauerwein, W Moss, R Wittig, A TI Development of advanced multi-modality radiation treatment planning software for neutron radiotherapy and beyond SO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP, ESSEN, GERMANY SP European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, US DOE HO UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP ID CAPTURE THERAPY C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Nigg, D (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2909-3 PY 2002 BP 535 EP 539 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV35A UT WOS:000178661500093 ER PT B AU Bleuel, DL Chu, WT Donahue, RJ Vujic, J AF Bleuel, DL Chu, WT Donahue, RJ Vujic, J BE Sauerwein, W Moss, R Wittig, A TI A benchmark of ubertally, MCNP, and SERA in a full BNCT source optimization study SO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP, ESSEN, GERMANY SP European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, US DOE HO UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY AB A method of using a Monte Carlo code such as MCNV1 to rapidly obtain multiple results for any number of different neutron sources transporting through identical geometries was developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, known as the "Ubertally method." Preliminary studies' showed that this method could achieve statistically valid results in minutes compared to many hours when applied to a simple geometry such as a neutron source simulation through a head phantom. The results and efficiency of MCNP, SERA(3) and the "Ubertally method" were compared against each other in a full neutron beam optimization study. All three programs produced comparable results, strengthening the validity of our approach. The Ubertally program outperformed both SERA and MCNP in calculation speed, demonstrating its superiority in a multiple source theoretical study. SERA's calculation speed similarly outperformed MCNP, and is more useful in individual patient treatment planning than the Ubertally method, which can only be applied to constant-geometry simulations. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bleuel, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2909-3 PY 2002 BP 583 EP 590 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV35A UT WOS:000178661500101 ER PT B AU Bauer, WF AF Bauer, WF BE Sauerwein, W Moss, R Wittig, A TI Applications of infrared spectroscopy for the determination of boron in biological samples SO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP, ESSEN, GERMANY SP European Commiss Joint Res Ctr, US DOE HO UNIV ESSEN, ACAD HOSP ID SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA AB Infrared spectroscopy (IR) has been considered for the rapid determination of boron compounds in biological samples due to the relative simplicity of the technique. However, application of IR to boron determinations has not been widely accepted because it is difficult to use the short pathlength transmission cells necessary to make the measurement of the analyte on the large background absorbance of water. The strong absorbance by water also adversely effects the detection limits. Two methods have been investigated to solve this problem. An attenuated total reflectance (ATR) sample cell for liquids and a small volume flow-cell incorporated into a simple apparatus for flow injection analysis (FIA) have been used to determine boron at levels relevant to tracking boron elimination curves. using aqueous based biological samples. C1 Bechtel BWXT Idaho, Idaho Natl Engn& Environm Lab, LLC, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Bauer, WF (reprint author), Bechtel BWXT Idaho, Idaho Natl Engn& Environm Lab, LLC, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RI Bauer, William/B-8357-2016 OI Bauer, William/0000-0002-7190-9700 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2909-3 PY 2002 BP 943 EP 947 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV35A UT WOS:000178661500165 ER PT J AU Renner, MW Barkigia, KM Melamed, D Gisselbrecht, JP Nelson, NY Smith, KM Fajer, J AF Renner, MW Barkigia, KM Melamed, D Gisselbrecht, JP Nelson, NY Smith, KM Fajer, J TI Conformational control of oxidation sites, spin states and orbital occupancy in nickel porphyrins SO RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES LA English DT Review ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION-CENTER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NONPLANAR PORPHYRINS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; EXCITED-STATE; COMPLEXES; RESONANCE; RESOLUTION; PICOSECOND; SPECTROSCOPY AB Ni(II) porphyrin (pi) cation radicals are known to undergo an internal electronic isomerization to L2Ni(III) cations upon complexation with ligands (L). Additional examples of the Ni(II) to Ni(III) conversion are presented for flexible, 'planar' NiOEP (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin) and NiT(Pr)P (5,10,15,20-tetra-n-propylporphyrin) in which the Ni(III) orbital occupancy, d(z2) or d(x2-y2), is determined by the ligand field strength of the axial ligands (pyridine, imidazole, or cyanide). In contrast to these results, the nonplanar NiOETPP (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin), which is easily oxidized because of its saddle-shape, yields a complex postulated to be a high spin Ni(II) pi cation radical, based on crystallographic and optical data for (imidazole)(2)NiOETPP+ClO4-, in which the electron of high spin Ni(II) in the d(x2-y2) orbital is antiferromagnetically coupled to the unpaired electron of the porphyrin radical leaving one electron in the Ni(II) d(z2) orbital, i.e. a pseudo Ni(III). The sterically encumbered, nonplanar NiT(t-Bu)P (5,10,15,20-tetra-tertiary-butylporphyrin) yields Ni(III) complexes when ligated by pyridine, imidazole or cyanide, but in all cases only the Ni(III) d(z2) orbital is occupied as evidenced by EPR spectroscopy. This anomalous chemistry is attributed to the fact that the macrocycle of NiT(t-Bu)P is so sterically constrained that it cannot readily expand to accommodate the longer equatorial Ni-N distances required by population of the d(x2-y2) orbital in Ni(III) or high spin Ni(II). Further support for this postulate derives from NiD(t-Bu)P (5, 10-di-tertiary-butylporphyrin) which is less sterically constrained and in which the Ni(III) d(x2-y2) orbital is indeed occupied upon complexation with cyanide. These results thus illustrate the significant effects that the conformations, plasticity or rigidity of Ni porphyrin macrocycles can have on sites of oxidation (metal or porphyrin), spin states (low spin Ni(III) or high spin Ni(II)), and orbital occupancies ( d(x2) or d(x2-y2) in Ni(III)). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, UMR 7512, Lab Electrochim & Chim Phys Corps Solide, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fajer, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Smith, Kevin/G-1453-2011 OI Smith, Kevin/0000-0002-6736-4779 NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6168 J9 RES CHEM INTERMEDIAT JI Res. Chem. Intermed. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 7-9 BP 741 EP 759 DI 10.1163/15685670260469393 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 639GX UT WOS:000180620200005 ER PT S AU Kercel, SW AF Kercel, SW BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Separation of lamb waves by Bayesian parameter estimation SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 21A & B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BOWDOIN COLL, BRUNSWICK, ME HO BOWDOIN COLL AB The problem of disentangling overlapping modes has been a persistent barrier to the practical use of confined ultrasonic waves for NDE. In the time-domain, the ultrasonic signature of overlapping waves is an unintelligible mess. Because each confined wave mode is dispersive and because many modes overlap in the frequency-domain, Fourier analysis is of little practical help. Research at ORNL shows that Bayesian parameter estimation has great potential for many NDE applications using confined ultrasonic waves. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Instrumentat & Controls, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kercel, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Instrumentat & Controls, POB 2008,MS 6007, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0061-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 615 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU96R UT WOS:000177511400029 ER PT S AU Sun, JG AF Sun, JG BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Analysis of quantitative measurement of defects by pulsed thermal imaging SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 21A & B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BOWDOIN COLL, BRUNSWICK, ME HO BOWDOIN COLL AB Defect detectability and quantitative measurement of defects by pulsed thermal imaging technique are not well established at present. Using a three-dimensional transient-heat transfer code, we per-formed a numerical analysis to simulate the heat transfer process during a pulsed thermal-imaging test for axisymmetric plates that contained various internal defects. A lateral air cap of various sizes and thicknesses was considered the defect. The numerical simulation results allow quantitative analysis of the thermal-imaging data that corresponds to the defect configurations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0061-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 615 BP 572 EP 576 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU96R UT WOS:000177511400075 ER PT S AU Aufderheide, MB Orzechowski, TJ Molitoris, JD Sunwoo, AJ Cook, CF Urquidez, E Dhillon, GS Chandler, JB de Haven, MR Steinhour, GE Slone, DM von Wittenau, AES Jackson, JA Martz, H Goodman, DM AF Aufderheide, MB Orzechowski, TJ Molitoris, JD Sunwoo, AJ Cook, CF Urquidez, E Dhillon, GS Chandler, JB de Haven, MR Steinhour, GE Slone, DM von Wittenau, AES Jackson, JA Martz, H Goodman, DM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Studies of dynamic failure of steel pipes using x-ray radiography SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 21A & B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BOWDOIN COLL, BRUNSWICK, ME HO BOWDOIN COLL AB The failure of a steel pipe subjected to shock loading was observed using x ray imaging. We describe and analyze the x ray images in detail. We see radiographic evidence that most of the fractures were due to shear rather than brittle failure. We also make quantitative comparisons between static radiographs and simulations but do not see perfect agreement. The sources of the current lack of agreement are discussed, as well as future work planned. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Aufderheide, MB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0061-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 615 BP 598 EP 605 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU96R UT WOS:000177511400079 ER PT S AU Hale, T Asaki, T AF Hale, T Asaki, T BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Resonant ultrasonic vibration detection study SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 21A & B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BOWDOIN COLL, BRUNSWICK, ME HO BOWDOIN COLL ID GAAS; EMF AB Contact and non-contact (optical) vibration detection methods, used in a resonant ultrasound spectroscopy application, are discussed in a comparative manner. The noise-floor for three different methods of vibration detection are quantitatively compared using a unique experimental configuration which employs spherical resonators, Spherical resonators, when resonating at their "breathing mode", have the special characteristic of vibrating uniformly in all directions with the same displacement. Noise-floor comparisons are made utilizing this unique mode of vibration to simultaneously measure vibration displacements for all three methods without changing the mechanical input coupling to the resonator. Among other things, in this application, we demonstrate that contact vibration detection systems do not necessarily perform better than optical methods in terms of noise-floor and cross-talk considerations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Measurement Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Measurement Technol Grp, Mail Stop C914, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0061-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 615 BP 992 EP 998 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU96R UT WOS:000177511400130 ER PT S AU Bode, MD Ashbaugh, DM Boyce, KL Spencer, FW AF Bode, MD Ashbaugh, DM Boyce, KL Spencer, FW BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Corrosion structured experiment SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 21A & B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BOWDOIN COLL, BRUNSWICK, ME HO BOWDOIN COLL AB Ten-percent material loss is a common corrosion level that makes a structural repair or replacement necessary in the large transport aircraft industry. For Us reason a fundamental question of any NDT technique to be applied for the detection of faying surface corrosion is whether it is capable of reliably detecting corrosion that results in 10 percent parent material loss. The structured experiment approach discussed in this presentation is designed not only to answer the fundamental question concerning the reliability of detecting faying surface corrosion in lap splice structures, but also to provide quantification of the material loss that can reliably be achieved including levels of less than 10% corrosion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, NDI Validat Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Bode, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, NDI Validat Ctr, 3260 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0061-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 615 BP 1779 EP 1786 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU96R UT WOS:000177511400234 ER PT S AU Lu, WY Dike, J Modjtahedzadeh, A AF Lu, WY Dike, J Modjtahedzadeh, A BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Finite element modeling of waves in a rail SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 21A & B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BOWDOIN COLL, BRUNSWICK, ME HO BOWDOIN COLL AB A finite element model is developed to obtain the modes of deformation and wave velocities in a 119RE rail. Modal and transient analyses of a 180" long rail with 30" tic-downs are considered. Simple and ideal conditions are applied - that is the rail material is elastic and the tie-downs are rigid. In transient analyses, impact or wavelet-type excitations are applied in the web section. Simulated resonant mode shapes, frequencies, waveforms, velocities, etc. are reported. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lu, WY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0061-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 615 BP 1835 EP 1842 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU96R UT WOS:000177511400242 ER PT S AU Ashbaugh, M Thompson, JG AF Ashbaugh, M Thompson, JG BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Fuselage disbond inspection procedure using pulsed thermography SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 21A & B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BOWDOIN COLL, BRUNSWICK, ME HO BOWDOIN COLL AB One use of pulsed thermography that has shown promise in aircraft inspection for some time is an inspection for disbonds in metallic structures. The FAA has funded research at Wayne State University in this area and Boeing identified a specific inspection requirement for disbonds on Boeing 747 aircraft. Laboratory and subsequent field testing monitored by the AANC has demonstrated the reliability of this type of inspection. As a result Boeing expects to approve a general fuselage disbond inspection procedure using pulsed thermography in the 2(nd) Quarter of 2001. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Airworthiness Assurance Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Ashbaugh, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Airworthiness Assurance Dept, 3260 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0061-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 615 BP 1956 EP 1959 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU96R UT WOS:000177511400258 ER PT J AU Lobo, RPSM LaVeigne, JD Reitze, DH Tanner, DB Carr, GL AF Lobo, RPSM LaVeigne, JD Reitze, DH Tanner, DB Carr, GL TI Subnanosecond, time-resolved, broadband infrared spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LIFETIME MEASUREMENT; ABSORPTION; THZ; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PULSES; LIGHT; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; HG0.7CD0.3TE; PERFORMANCE; GENERATION AB A facility for subnanosecond time-resolved (pump-probe) infrared spectroscopy has been developed at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory. A mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser produces 2 ps duration, tunable near-infrared pump pulses synchronized to probe pulses from a synchrotron storage ring. The facility is unique on account of the broadband infrared from the synchrotron, which allows the entire spectral range from 2 cm(-1) (0.25 meV) to 20 000 cm(-1) (2.5 eV) to be probed. A temporal resolution of 100 ps, limited by the infrared synchrotron-pulse duration (full width at half maximum), is achievable. A maximum time delay of 170 ns is available without gating the infrared detector. To illustrate the performance of the facility, a measurement of electron-hole recombination dynamics for an HgCdTe semiconductor film in the far- and mid-infrared range is presented. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lobo, RPSM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Lobo, Ricardo/0000-0003-2355-6856 NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1063/1.1416111 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 505GX UT WOS:000172906000001 ER PT J AU McDonald, JW Bauer, RW Schneider, DHG AF McDonald, JW Bauer, RW Schneider, DHG TI Extraction of highly charged ions (up to 90+) from a high-energy electron-beam ion trap SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID URANIUM IONS; SLOW; EMISSION; SURFACES; MICROSCOPE; IMPACT; TIME; EBIT AB The extraction of high-Z high-charge-state ions up to U90+ from a high-energy electron-beam ion trap, the SuperEBIT at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is reported. The SuperEBIT provides a 240 mA electron beam with up to 200 keV of energy. Depending on the operating conditions (pulsed, continuous) and charge state, the number of ions extracted from the SuperEBIT varies between 10(2) and 10(5) ions per second under the tested conditions. The ions produced in SuperEBIT are extracted at potentials ranging from 0.5 to 20 keV (continuously variable) to provide highly charged low-emittance ion beams with energies between a few keV and several MeV. The performance of the SuperEBIT as an ion source is described and aspects for future developments and potential applications are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McDonald, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1063/1.1419216 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 505GX UT WOS:000172906000005 ER PT J AU Stephan, AC Gaulden, T Brown, AD Smith, M Miller, LF Thundat, T AF Stephan, AC Gaulden, T Brown, AD Smith, M Miller, LF Thundat, T TI Microcantilever charged-particle flux detector SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPY AB A micromechanical sensor for charged-particle flux detection utilizing the extreme force sensitivity of microcantilevers is demonstrated with alpha particles. The latter create a charge buildup on an electrically isolated collection plate, a metallic sphere. The cantilever detector measures the electric field emanating from the charge collection sphere using variations in mechanical parameters. Results are compared with responses due to fixed voltages on the sphere. Parameters investigated include cantilever deflection due to total charge and frequency and damping rate variation due to electrostatic force gradient. The minimum detectable particle fluence using this technique was calculated to be around 1000 particles in air, or about 3.2x10(-4) pC. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Brown, Ari/B-1693-2008 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1063/1.1427413 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 505GX UT WOS:000172906000006 ER PT J AU Ostroumov, PN Billquist, P Portillo, M Shen, WQ AF Ostroumov, PN Billquist, P Portillo, M Shen, WQ TI Design and test of a beam profile monitoring device for low intensity radioactive beams SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION AB Development efforts have gone into the construction and performance testing of a device that can be used to provide snap shot images of the beam profile. It is intended to function even at very low ion intensities, such as those expected from a rare-isotope accelerator. Intensity profiles and emittance analysis are among the most critical tools used for optimizing beam transport through accelerators. This article describes the design and performance of a beam image monitor. The device is sensitive at a wide dynamic range which spans from similar to 10(2) to similar to 10(12) pps. With the advent of double-plane slits or a pepper pot plate, this system can be used to scan transverse emittance profiles in both the x-x(') and y-y(') phase space planes, simultaneously. Conventional diagnostic devices used for heavy ion accelerators generally require at least 10(9) pps intensity to carry out similar diagnostics, which is not practical when considering beams with very low intensities, such as rare isotope beams. Furthermore, the detection system used here can be used for a wide range of incident ion velocities. Compared with solid-state detectors and scintillators that are inserted directly into the beam, this type of detection system is less susceptible to beam induced damage resulting in longer lifetimes and less maintenance. The test was done using single charge state Kr beams at energies ranging from 3.6 to 18 keV/u. The device's sensitivity was monitored for intensities below 10(12) pps and an emittance scan was recorded and analyzed. The spatial resolution was characterized by comparing the emittance profile with that obtained by a wire scanning device which had better resolution but was sensitive only to intensities above 10(11) pps. Recently, the device has been used to aid in the transport of similar to6 MeV/u radioactive beams, such as F-17, produced by pickup reactions with a gas cell target at the ATLAS accelerator facility. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Portillo, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1063/1.1419227 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 505GX UT WOS:000172906000010 ER PT J AU Hennet, L Thiaudiere, D Gailhanou, M Landron, C Coutures, JP Price, DL AF Hennet, L Thiaudiere, D Gailhanou, M Landron, C Coutures, JP Price, DL TI Fast x-ray scattering measurements on molten alumina using a 120 degrees curved position sensitive detector SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE; DIFFRACTION AB Fast x-ray scattering measurements on molten alumina were performed on the H10 beam line at the DCI Synchrotron of LURE (Orsay, France). A high-temperature chamber with a levitation device was coupled with the four-circle goniometer of the beam line. A 100 W CO2 laser was used to melt the sample and the temperature was measured using an optical pyrometer operating at 0.85 mum. Usually, measurements of the total structure factor S(Q) on molten materials are performed using a fixed detector scanned over an angular range. In this work, in order to reduce the total scan duration, x-ray scattered intensities were measured with a 120 degrees position sensitive detector (INEL CPS120). We performed several measurements with different acquisition times varying from 10 s to 5 min. In 5 min it was possible to obtain a good determination of S(Q) with a usable signal up to the Q range limit (13 Angstrom (-1)). The intensity was comparable with a 1 h measurement with a NaI (Tl) scintillator scanned over the 120 degrees 2 theta range. On reducing the counting time the statistics are degraded and the data are noisier, especially in the high Q region. Nevertheless, even with 10 s, the S(Q) data remain usable and give good results. Performing the Fourier transformation of S(Q), we obtain similar reliable pair-correlation functions with both 5 min and 10 s acquisition times. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 CRMHT, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LURE, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Perpignan, IMP, F-66860 Perpignan, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hennet, L (reprint author), CRMHT, 1D Ave Rech Sci, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. RI HENNET, Louis/C-1711-2008; Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Gailhanou, Marc/F-8251-2014 OI HENNET, Louis/0000-0002-2992-4800; Gailhanou, Marc/0000-0002-7747-703X NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1063/1.1426228 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 505GX UT WOS:000172906000021 ER PT J AU Mikhailovsky, AA Xu, S Klimov, VI AF Mikhailovsky, AA Xu, S Klimov, VI TI Femtosecond intraband modulation spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; NANOCRYSTALS AB We demonstrate several femtosecond spectroscopic techniques utilizing intraband carrier reexcitation for studies of relaxation processes in semiconductor materials. By introducing an additional infrared post-pump pulse into a conventional transient absorption experiment, we are able to visualize carrier intraband dynamics and to detect weak conduction-to-valence band transitions unresolved in the traditional transient absorption configuration. Intraband reexcitation spectroscopy also allows us to study dynamics of radiative transitions by monitoring a post-pump-induced modulation of time-integrated photoluminescence. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS-J585,C-PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1063/1.1427396 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 505GX UT WOS:000172906000023 ER PT J AU Intrator, T Marshall, B Clark, D McCuistan, T Anderson, B Broste, B Forman, K Taccetti, M AF Intrator, T Marshall, B Clark, D McCuistan, T Anderson, B Broste, B Forman, K Taccetti, M TI High sensitivity Faraday rotation technique for measurements of magnetic fields with immunity to x-ray effects SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A novel high sensitivity diagnostic for magnetic fields using a high Verdet constant ZnSe crystal is demonstrated. It was thought that x-ray effects might render this particular diagnostic realization suspect for fast rise time magnetic fields. Tests with x-ray fluxes up to 180 millirad at photon-energies up to 200 keV indicate immunity from these effects. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bechtel Nevada Inc, Las Vegas, NV 89101 USA. RP Intrator, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1063/1.1426227 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 505GX UT WOS:000172906000024 ER PT J AU Aranson, IS Kramer, L AF Aranson, IS Kramer, L TI The world of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; DEFECT-MEDIATED TURBULENCE; ORDER-PARAMETER EQUATIONS; TRAVELING-WAVE CONVECTION; PATTERN-FORMING SYSTEMS; BINARY-FLUID CONVECTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL VORTEX DYNAMICS; BREATHING LOCALIZED SOLUTIONS; RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION AB The cubic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation is one of the most-studied nonlinear equations in the physics community. It describes a vast variety of phenomena from nonlinear waves to second-order phase transitions, from superconductivity, superfluidity, and Bose-Einstein condensation to liquid crystals and strings in field theory. The authors give an overview of various phenomena described by the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in one, two, and three dimensions from the point of view of condensed-matter physicists. Their aim is to study the relevant solutions in order to gain insight into nonequilibrium phenomena in spatially extended systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Inst Phys, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 339 TC 819 Z9 832 U1 12 U2 139 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 74 IS 1 BP 99 EP 143 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.99 PG 45 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 533UL UT WOS:000174548700004 ER PT B AU Schoenwald, D Xavier, P Thomas, E Forsythe, C Parker, E AF Schoenwald, D Xavier, P Thomas, E Forsythe, C Parker, E BE Jamshidi, MO Feddema, J Proctor, F Shafai, B Jamshidi, JS TI Simulation of a cognitive algorithm for a distributed robotic sensing network SO ROBOTICS, AUTOMATION AND CONTROL AND MANUFACTURING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE modeling & simulation; autonomous robotic vehicles; cognitive algorithms; distributed network; human cognitive emulation AB This paper presents simulation and analysis of a collective Of autonomous unmanned ground-based vehicles navigating a building searching for increasing smoke concentrations. The vehicles communicate smoke concentrations to each other to determine the location of the highest concentration value. The data generated from the robots' sensors is used to activate a semantic network to generate data for further cognitive operations. Statistical analysis is employed on the data to identify schema and themes, which enable the robots to convey a story of their experiences, thus emulating human episodic memory. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-19-3 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 14 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BV86S UT WOS:000180265200002 ER PT B AU Feddema, JT Ogden, AJ Warne, LK Johnson, WA Armour, D AF Feddema, JT Ogden, AJ Warne, LK Johnson, WA Armour, D BE Jamshidi, MO Feddema, J Proctor, F Shafai, B Jamshidi, JS TI Electrostatic/electromagnetic gripper for micro-assembly SO ROBOTICS, AUTOMATION AND CONTROL AND MANUFACTURING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE micro-assembly; micro-grippers AB In this paper, an electrostatic/electromagnetic gripper is used to pick up copper LIGA parts. The experimental results show that the gripper can reliably pick up a 4mm diameter, 100-micron thick part when it is within 80 microns of the part and a 120-volt potential is applied to the electrostatic pads. Unfortunately, there was a 38 percent probability that the part will stick to the gripper when the voltage is returned to zero. This sticking effect is believed to be caused by residual electrostatic, van der Waal, and surface tension forces. The probability of sticking was reduced to 6 percent when electromagnetic coils were added to the gripper design. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Feddema, JT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-19-3 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 14 BP 268 EP 273 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BV86S UT WOS:000180265200042 ER PT B AU Eisler, R Lewis, C AF Eisler, R Lewis, C BE Jamshidi, MO Feddema, J Proctor, F Shafai, B Jamshidi, JS TI Cooperative robotic map correlation from relative position and terrain slope measurements SO ROBOTICS, AUTOMATION AND CONTROL AND MANUFACTURING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE mobile robots; localization; map correlation AB A method has been developed to register navigation to map coordinates using multiple robotic vehicles. The method involves measuring the relative positions of all the vehicles and correlating that template to the terrain map to generate candidate map registration values. The root sum squares (RSS) of the differences between the measured maps counterparts are computed for all possible positions of the vehicle template on the map. A lower threshold is set on the RSS differences to establish candidate locations. A grid of points around each vehicle location is established and correlation products, based on map-fitted north-south and east-west slopes for the individual vehicles over all unique candidate pairings, are computed. Vehicles demonstrating the most negatively (i.e., minimum) correlated product sums in the cardinal directions are moved and the cycle is repeated until location convergence is achieved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-19-3 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 14 BP 329 EP 333 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BV86S UT WOS:000180265200051 ER PT B AU Kozlowski, D Stoughton, R Newman, WS Hebbar, R AF Kozlowski, D Stoughton, R Newman, WS Hebbar, R BE Jamshidi, MO Feddema, J Proctor, F Shafai, B Jamshidi, JS TI Automated force controlled assembly utilizing a novel hexapod robotic manipulator SO ROBOTICS, AUTOMATION AND CONTROL AND MANUFACTURING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE force control; compliance; parallel manipulator; robotic assembly; closed link chain AB Within industry many repetitive operations, such as pick and place, spot welding, and spray-painting, have been successfully automated. While the operations themselves are diverse, a common thread within nearly all of them is that the robot performing the task has very limited direct physical contact with its environment. From a control perspective, this means that the robot need only be controlled to follow a desired trajectory fairly precisely - interactive forces with the environment can be essentially ignored. Assembly tasks are fundamentally different in nature - while some degree of precision in positioning is needed (e.g., alignment and part pickup), successful completion is rather a function of the precision in controlling, often delicately, the forces of interaction with the environment. Common examples include gear and spline meshing, threading fasteners, "snap" fittings, etc. Humans perform these types of tasks relatively easily, as we quite naturally control our interactive forces, but typical industrial robots do not possess such compliance, and fail miserably at these tasks. Delicate, dexterous control of physical interaction forces is typically limited by manipulator mechanical architecture (serial robots have high friction and inertia), the inability to sense forces accurately, and the lack of control sophistication to achieve the desired performance when such force sensing is present. PARADEX (PARAllel DEXterous) is a novel hexapod manipulator designed specifically for these types of assembly applications. This robot offers high payload and stiffness while minimizing moving mass. It utilizes direct drive linear motors for actuation, thus limiting friction. The robot is controlled with a personal computer, a real time operating system, and a commercial off the shelf motion control board. It can be switched between precise position control and compliance control based upon whether the system is in free space or in contact with the environment. PARADEX development is part of a joint venture (Flexible Robotic Assembly for Powertrain Applications, FRAPA) sponsored by a NIST Advanced Technology Development Program. It is currently assembling candidate powertrain components (9) in a prototype work cell in Detroit. The design, development, controls, and implementation of this novel robotic parallel manipulator is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kozlowski, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-19-3 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 14 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BV86S UT WOS:000180265200084 ER PT B AU Feddema, JT Schoenwald, DA AF Feddema, JT Schoenwald, DA BE Jamshidi, MO Feddema, J Proctor, F Shafai, B Jamshidi, JS TI Distributed communication/navigation robot vehicle network SO ROBOTICS, AUTOMATION AND CONTROL AND MANUFACTURING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE distributed robotic vehicle navigation; guidance; indoors AB This paper describes algorithms for forming a communication/navigation network of robotic vehicles inside a building. An ultrasound ranging system on each vehicle is used to determine the distance between vehicles in the network. This distance information is transformed into x,y position information using a steepest descent algorithm that minimizes the error between measured distances and estimated distances (determined from estimated x,y position). This same optimization function is also used to guide the vehicles into a desired formation specified by the desired distance between vehicles. When used for guidance, the gradient vector is used as the commanded input to each vehicle. Most importantly, the algorithm does not require knowledge of the distance between every vehicle node, only those closest to it. Therefore, the algorithm can be distributed amongst the vehicles, providing a global control for the entire system using only local control laws implemented on each vehicle. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-19-3 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 14 BP 573 EP 578 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BV86S UT WOS:000180265200088 ER PT B AU Srinivasan, SG Cahn, JW AF Srinivasan, SG Cahn, JW BE Ankem, S Pande, CS Ovidko, I Ranganathan, S TI Challenging some free-energy reduction criteria for grain growth SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INTERFACES: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HONORING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF DR. BHAKTA RATH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Science and Technology of Interfaces Honoring the Contributions of Dr Bhakta Rath CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Seattle, WA SP TMS, Phys Met Comm, TMS, Titanium Comm, TMS, Struct Mat Div DE free-energy; grain-growth; molecular dynamics; rotation; thermodynamics ID BOUNDARIES; TILT AB Laboratory experiments on wedge shaped bicrystalline specimens have provided much insight into grain-boundary migration [for example: Rath and Hu, Trans. AIME, Vol.245, pp.1577 (1969)]. We revisit this geometry, but employ a wedge angle of 2pi, at the nanometer scale using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations in three dimensions. That is, we use bicrystals of circular cylindrical grains embedded in another, with a variety of initial misorientations. The rotation of some included grains increases the grain boundary specific free-energy, gamma, spontaneously. We show that this result does not violate thermodynamics, which requires only that the total free energy not increase. We infer that grain rotation and the grain-boundary motion are processes that axe coupled to one another. The increase in gamma results from grain boundary motion that decreases both the grain boundary area and its total free-energy. For small misorientations this result can be understood in terms of grain boundary dislocations. Since this behavior continues smoothly to higher angles, we suggest that there is a single coupling law which spans the entire misorientation range we studied. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Srinivasan, SG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-520-4 PY 2002 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAT74 UT WOS:000223512100001 ER PT B AU Gertsman, VY AF Gertsman, VY BE Ankem, S Pande, CS Ovidko, I Ranganathan, S TI Coincidence site lattice theory of triple junctions and quadruple points SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF INTERFACES: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HONORING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF DR. BHAKTA RATH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Science and Technology of Interfaces Honoring the Contributions of Dr Bhakta Rath CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Seattle, WA SP TMS, Phys Met Comm, TMS, Titanium Comm, TMS, Struct Mat Div ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY STATISTICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; POLYCRYSTALS; CHARACTER; ALLOYS AB The coincidence site lattice theory of grain boundaries has been extended to multi-crystallite ensembles, in particular to triple junctions and quadruple points. It provides a basis for analyzing the junction structures as well as polycrystalline microstructure. Examples of application of the theory to some model microstructures are presented and implications for grain boundary engineering are discussed. A case study of an experimental microstructure is considered to illustrate the use of the approach for statistical studies of polycrystalline structure. It is also demonstrated how the theory can be applied to analyzing dislocation reactions at triple junctions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gertsman, VY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-520-4 PY 2002 BP 387 EP 398 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAT74 UT WOS:000223512100033 ER PT S AU Chen, PS Tajima, T Takahashi, Y AF Chen, PS Tajima, T Takahashi, Y BE Nakajima, K Deguchi, M TI Cosmic plasma wakefield acceleration SO SCIENCE OF SUPERSTRONG FIELD INTERACTIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium of the Graduate-University-for-Advanced-Studies on Science of Superstrong Field Interactions CY MAR 13-15, 2002 CL SHONON VILLAGE, JAPAN SP Grad Univ Adv Studies ID PARTICLE ACCELERATION; RAYS; NEUTRINOS; MECHANISM; CUTOFF AB A cosmic acceleration mechanism is introduced which is based on the wakefields excited by the Alfven shocks in a relativistically flowing plasma. We show that there exists a threshold condition for transparency below which the accelerating particle is collision-free and suffers little energy loss in the plasma medium. The stochastic encounters of the random accelerating-decelerating phases results in a power-law energy spectrum: f(epsilon) proportional to 1/epsilon(2). As an example, we discuss the possible production of super-GZK ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) in the atmosphere of gamma ray bursts. The estimated event rate in our model agrees with that from UHECR observations. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chen, PS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0089-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 634 BP 178 EP 186 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV52Q UT WOS:000179251100022 ER PT S AU Takahashi, H AF Takahashi, H BE Nakajima, K Deguchi, M TI Quantum aspect of super strong field interaction SO SCIENCE OF SUPERSTRONG FIELD INTERACTIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium of the Graduate-University-for-Advanced-Studies on Science of Superstrong Field Interactions CY MAR 13-15, 2002 CL SHONON VILLAGE, JAPAN SP Grad Univ Adv Studies ID COHERENT STATES AB Quantum aspects of the interactions between the high-intensity laser and electron plasma has been studied from the point of view of coherent-state formalism In this paper, I offer a sound theoretical foundation based on quantum-mechanical and coherent-state-formal ism for analyzing the interactions between the high-intensity laser and electron plasma in a many electron system. Using first the Two Times Green Function method, I derived a quantum theory for a free electron laser when the laser intensity is not very high. Then, the dispersion relation for the free electron high-intensity laser can be formulated using the classical laser field. To provide the sound foundation using the classical field, I discuss the coherent-photon state. For analyzing many electron systems, I describe the use of the atomic-coherent state, which provide proper description of the superradiant transition, the atomic laser, and the production of positrons by a very strong laser. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takahashi, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0089-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 634 BP 345 EP 351 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV52Q UT WOS:000179251100048 ER PT J AU Charbonneau, M AF Charbonneau, M TI How do seedless fruits arise, and how are they propagated? SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Charbonneau, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 286 IS 1 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 506JW UT WOS:000172967700041 PM 11799621 ER PT S AU Altice, PP Cherry, ML Band, DL Buckley, J Guzik, TG Hink, PL Kappadath, SC Macri, JR Matteson, JL McConnell, ML Ryan, JM Slavis, KR Stacy, JG AF Altice, PP Cherry, ML Band, DL Buckley, J Guzik, TG Hink, PL Kappadath, SC Macri, JR Matteson, JL McConnell, ML Ryan, JM Slavis, KR Stacy, JG BE Agrawal, PC Tueller, J TI MARGIE - Minute of Arc Resolution hard X-ray/gamma ray imaging telescope for an Ultra Long Duration Balloon mission SO SCIENTIFIC BALLOONING IN THE NEXT CENTURY: GOALS AND CHALLENGES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT PSB1 Symposium of the COSPAR Panal on Scientific Ballooning in the Next Century held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 19-21, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Indian Space Res Org, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Comm Space Res ID ANNIHILATION LINE EMISSION; CODED-APERTURE TELESCOPE; CZT DETECTOR; ENERGY; ASTRONOMY; PERFORMANCE; BURSTS; FLIGHT AB MARGIE (Minute of Arc Resolution Gamma ray Imaging Experiment) is proposed to be a sensitive, large field-of-view, high angular resolution, hard X-ray/gamma ray (20-511 keV) telescope capable of observing gamma ray bursts and point sources with <1' resolution on a 100 day Ultra Long Duration Balloon (ULDB) mission. MARGIE will be designed to take full advantage of the weight, power, and telemetry capabilities appropriate for a ULDB mission. The current instrument design consists of five coded aperture γ-ray telescopes: a central telescope with 1892 cm(2) of detector area, 1.9' angular resolution, and 8.3&DEG; half-angle field of view (FOV); and four side-looking telescopes, each with 1945 cm(2) detector area, 3.8' resolution, and 26.1&DEG; FOV. The five γ-ray telescopes will be surrounded by 10(5) cm(2) Of I cm thick NaI active anticoincidence shields designed both to provide shielding from background and to provide additional sensitive detector area for faint γ-ray bursts. The total instrument mass is 950 kg (science, not including NSBF electronics, ballast, etc.). The total instrument power requirement is 760 W. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. So Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. RP Altice, PP (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1332 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00549-5 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV67N UT WOS:000179730800032 ER PT S AU Regalbuto, JR Schrier, M Hao, X Spieker, WA Kim, JG Miller, JT Kropf, AJ AF Regalbuto, JR Schrier, M Hao, X Spieker, WA Kim, JG Miller, JT Kropf, AJ BE Gaigneaux, E DeVos, DE Grange, P Jacobs, PA Martens, JA Ruiz, P Poncelet, G TI Toward a molecular understanding,of noble metal catalyst impregnation SO SCIENTIFIC BASES FOR THE PREPARATION OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN, LOUVAIN LA NEUVE, BELGIUM HO UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN ID ADSORPTION; ALUMINA C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Soonchunhyang Univ, Chunan, South Korea. BP Res Ctr, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, CMT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Regalbuto, JR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, 810 S Clinton St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Kropf, Arthur/B-8665-2015 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-51178-4 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2002 VL 143 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BV62A UT WOS:000179552800005 ER PT S AU Gdowski, GE Wolery, TJ Rosenberg, ND AF Gdowski, GE Wolery, TJ Rosenberg, ND BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Waste package environment for the Yucca Mountain site characterization project SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co ID EVAPORITES AB Environmental parameters that would affect the degradation of engineered materials, including waste packages and drip shields, in the potential high level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada are being characterized as part of the Yucca Mountain Project. These parameters include: temperature, relative humidity, range of water chemistry, deliquescence of salts, pH, and electrochemical potential (Eh). The likelihood of various brine compositions forming on the engineered components under repository conditions, and the implications, is discussed. Relative humidity controls the ionic strength and composition of the aqueous solutions, and hence strongly influences the corrosion processes that could occur. Studies are underway to more fully characterize the redox state of aqueous solutions in contact with engineered system components. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gdowski, GE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500003 ER PT S AU Lee, JH Mon, KG Longsine, DE Bullard, BE Monib, AM AF Lee, JH Mon, KG Longsine, DE Bullard, BE Monib, AM BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Integrated analysis for long-term degradation of waste package at the potential Yucca Mountain repository for high-level nuclear waste disposal SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co ID SIMULATION AB The technical basis for Site Recommendation (SR) of the potential repository for high-level nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada has been completed. Long-term containment of the waste and subsequent slow release of radionuclides from the engineered barrier system (EBS) into the geosphere will rely on a robust waste package (WP) design, among other EBS components as well as the natural barrier system. The WP and drip shield (DS) degradation analyses for the total system performance assessment (TSPA) baseline model for the SR have shown that, based on the current corrosion models and assumptions, both the DSs and WPs do not fail within the regulatory compliance time period (10,000 years). From the perspective of initial WP failure time, the analysis results arc encouraging because the upper bounds of the baseline case are likely to represent the worst case combination of key corrosion model parameters that significantly affect long-term performance of WPs in the potential repository. The estimated long life-time of the WPs in the Current analysis is attributed mostly to the following two factors that delay the onset of stress corrosion cracking (SCC): (1) the stress mitigation to substantial depths from the outer surface in the dual closure-lid weld regions; and (2) the very low general-corrosion rate applied to the closure-lid weld regions to corrode the compressive stress zones. Uncertainties are associated with the current WP SCC analysis. These are stress mitigation on the closure-lid welds, characterization of manufacturing flaws applied to SCC, and general corrosion rate applied to the closure-lid weld regions, These uncertainties are expected to be reduced as additional data and analyses are developed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1180 Town Ctr Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500007 ER PT S AU Forsberg, CW Dole, LR AF Forsberg, CW Dole, LR BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Depleted uranium dioxide waste package for spent nuclear fuel SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB Depleted uranium dioxide (DUO,) waste packages (WPs) for dispoal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) ire being investigated to (I) reduce radionuclide releases from WPs, (2) decrease the potential for repository nuclear criticality events, (3) provide radiation shielding, and (4) provide a means to beneficially use excess depleted uranium (DU). The DUO2 is incorporated into the WP as (1) a particulate rill for void spaces within the package and (2) a component of a DUO2-steel cermet (DUO, embedded in steel) that replaces the steel components of the WP. Depending upon the design, there is 3 to 8 times as much DUO, as SNF U02 in the NNT. Most radionuclides in the SNF cannot be released until the UO2 crystal structure is destroyed, The DUO, surrounding the SNT slows the degradation of the SNF UO2 in the interior. This behavior is similar to the mechanisms that slow the degradation of natural uranium ore bodies containing UO2, The results of initial investigations and the expected thermodynamic WP behavior are described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500018 ER PT S AU Wilson, ML Swift, PN McNeish, JA Sevougian, SD AF Wilson, ML Swift, PN McNeish, JA Sevougian, SD BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Total-system performance assessment for the Yucca Mountain site SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is under consideration as a potential site for a repository for high-level radioactive waste. Total-system performance-assessment simulations are performed to evaluate the safety of the site. Features, events, and processes have been systematically evaluated to determine which ones are significant to the safety assessment. Computer models of the disposal system have been developed within a probabilistic framework, including both engineered and natural components. Selected results are presented for three different total-system simulations, and the behavior of the disposal system is discussed. The results show that risk is dominated by igneous activity at early times, because the robust waste-package design prevents significant nominal (non-disruptive) releases for tens of thousands of years or longer. The uncertainty in the nominal performance is dominated by uncertainties related to waste-package corrosion at early times and by uncertainties in the natural system, most significantly infiltration, at late times. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Total Syst Performance Assessment Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Total Syst Performance Assessment Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 153 EP 164 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500019 ER PT S AU Rechard, RP AF Rechard, RP BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI General approach used in the performance assessment for the waste isolation pilot plant SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co ID UNCERTAINTY AB This paper discusses the technical approach and rationale of the performance assessments (PAs) conducted for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant that contributed to the success of the certification in 1998. Tile PAs were iterated: there were four preliminary PAs between 1989 and 1992 and the certification PA in 1996. Although many changes occurred between the 1992 PA and 1996 PA, the preliminary iterations provided a strong foundation on quality assurance, parameter and model databases, documentation, and peer review. The seven general steps of a PA are used to provide a brief overview of their history. The paper then delves into the rationale used for the most computationally intense step of a PA, the consequence evaluation. For this evaluation, Sandia National Laboratories mostly used detailed models when evaluating the probabilistic performance of the repository under the stylized conditions specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A computational tool, CAMCON, was specifically tailored for this approach. Many advantages were gained by using detailed models directly in the PA, rather than using simplified results of these models. One important advantage was that models and parameters remained fairly unbiased (i.e., the analysis had only a few major conservative assumptions rather than many, unquantified conservatisms). This approach allowed Sandia to faithfully provide a "reasonable expectation" of repository performance, as specified by the EPA. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Performance Assessment Dept 6852, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rechard, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Performance Assessment Dept 6852, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 213 EP 226 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500024 ER PT S AU Bacon, DH McGrail, BP Freedman, VL Ventura, G Risoluti, P Krupka, KM AF Bacon, DH McGrail, BP Freedman, VL Ventura, G Risoluti, P Krupka, KM BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Performance assessment of low-level waste disposal facilities using coupled unsaturated flow and reactive transport simulators SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB Recent advances in the development of reactive chemical transport simulators have made it possible to use these tools in performance assessments (PAs) for nuclear waste disposal. Reactive transport codes were used to evaluate the impacts of design modifications on the performance of two shallow subsurface disposal systems for low-level radioactive waste. The first disposal system, located at the Hanford site in Richland, Washington, is for disposal of low-level waste glass. Glass waste blocks will be disposed in subsurface trenches, surrounded by backfill material. Using different waste package sizes and layering had a small impact on technetium release rates to the vadose zone. The second disposal system involves a hypothetical repository for low-level waste in Italy. A model of uranium release from a grout waste form was developed using the STORM reactive transport code. Uranium is predicted to be relatively insoluble for several hundred years under the high-pH environment of the cement pore water. The effect of using different filter materials between the waste packages on uranium flux to the vadose zone proved to have a negligible impact on release rates. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bacon, DH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 267 EP 274 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500028 ER PT S AU Kincaid, CT Eslinger, PW Engel, DW Nichols, WE Bryce, RW Bunn, AL AF Kincaid, CT Eslinger, PW Engel, DW Nichols, WE Bryce, RW Bunn, AL BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI A Stochastic assessment of nuclear waste management practices at the Hanford site, Washington SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB Waste management and disposal decisions at the Hanford Site, Washington, depend in part on an understanding of the risks and impacts associated with alternate disposal and remedial actions. A proof-of-principlc site-wide assessment of the risks and impacts associated with all wastes that will remain at the Hanford Site following cleanup has been performed for the first time. It simulates contaminant release, migration, and fate from the initiation of site operations in 1944 forward, and, thus, illustrates historical and near-term influences on long-term risk and impact. A stochastic simulation tool capable of addressing 1000 waste discharge and disposal sites and 10 contaminants for a period of 1000 years has been created and applied. Human health and ecological risks as well as impacts to the regional economy and local cultures are estimated. The methodology developed is known as the System Assessment Capability (SAC). It is currently in a Revision 0 state corresponding to a proof-of-principle demonstration. An initial assessment based on the planning baseline of the U.S. Department of Energy (Richland Operations Office and Office of River Protection) has been undertaken. Preliminary results of the assessment indicate variability in predictions is most influenced by uncertainty in: geochemical adsorption (i.e., distribution coefficient, K-d) for contaminant release, vadose zone, and groundwater models; especially for uranium and iodine which are somewhat but not greatly adsorbed, solid waste burial ground inventories of iodine-129, and liquid discharge site inventories of technetium-99. It is apparent that variables governing change in performance are a function of space and time. Initially, these results point to the need for related models and data to be examined, and, if necessary, augmented through future laboratory and field studies to better quantify or reduce uncertainty. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kincaid, CT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 275 EP 283 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500029 ER PT S AU Icenhower, JP McGrail, BP Weber, WJ Begg, BD Hess, NJ Rodriguez, EA Steele, JL Brown, CF O'Hara, MJ AF Icenhower, JP McGrail, BP Weber, WJ Begg, BD Hess, NJ Rodriguez, EA Steele, JL Brown, CF O'Hara, MJ BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Dissolution of A(2)Ti2O(7) (A = Y3+, Gd3+ or Lu3+) pyrochlore by experiment at pH=2, T=90 degrees C: Evidence for solubility control using a linear free energy model SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB We performed a series of dissolution experiments with well-characterized pyrochlore ceramics with the formula A(2)Ti(2)O(7), where A = Y3+, Gd3+, or Lu3+ in H2O- and D2O-based solutions [pH(D) = 2] at 90degreesC. Normalized log(10) dissolution rates (g(.)m(-2.)d(-1)) in H2O-based solutions increase from Lu2Ti2O7 (-3.2 to -3.3) to Gd2Ti2O7 (-2.6 to -2.9), to Y2Ti2O7 (-1.9 to -2.0). Rates in D2O-based solutions are indistinguishable from rates in H2O, indicating that release of elements is probably not diffusion controlled. A recent dissolution model, based on ligand-exchange reactions, suggests that the rate of reaction should increase in inverse order of the cation field strength: Lu < Y < Gd (where the cation denotes the appropriate pyrochlore composition), which is not observed. Evaluation of the thermodynamic stability of the three solids was performed using a linear free-energy model and reported free energies of formation, The calculations indicate that reactivity should follow in the progression Lu < Gd < Y, as observed in the dissolution experiments. Our data indicates, therefore, that dissolution models based on ligand-exchange reactions may not be strictly applicable to simple pyrochlore minerals. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Icenhower, JP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 397 EP 403 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500045 ER PT S AU Jeong, SY Morss, LR Ebert, WL AF Jeong, SY Morss, LR Ebert, WL BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Corrosion of glass-bonded sodalite and its components as a function of pH and temperature SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB A glass-bonded sodalite ceramic waste form (CWF) has been developed to immobilize electrorefiner salt wastes from electrometalurgical treatment of spent sodium-bonded reactor fuel for disposal. A degradation model is being developed to support qualification of the CWF for disposal in the federal high-level waste disposal system. The parameter values in the waste form degradation model were previously determined from the dissolution rates measured in MCC-1 tests conducted at 40, 70, and 90degreesC. The results of several series of tests that were conducted to confirm the applicability of the dissolution rate modeland model parameters are presented in this paper: ( 1) Series of MCC-1 tests were conducted in five dilute buffer solutions in the pH range of 4.8 - 9.8 at 20degreesC with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) sodalite, HIP glass, and HIP CWF. The results show that the model adequately predicts the dissolution rate of these materials at 20degreesC. (2) Tests at 20 and 70degreesC with CWF made by pressureless-consolidation (PC) indicate that the model parameters extracted from the results of tests with HIP CWF can be applied to PC CWF. (3) The dissolution rates of a glass made with a composition corresponding to 80 wt. % glass and 20 wt. % sodalite were measured at 70degreesC to evaluate the sensitivity of the rate to the composition of binder glass in the CWF. The dissolution rates of the modified binder glass were indistinguishable from the rates of the binder glass. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jeong, SY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 413 EP 420 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500047 ER PT S AU Morss, LR Mertz, CJ Kropf, AJ Holly, JL AF Morss, LR Mertz, CJ Kropf, AJ Holly, JL BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Properties of plutonium-containing colloids released from glass-bonded sodalite nuclear waste form SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB In glass-bonded sodalite, which is the ceramic waste form (CWF) to immobilize radioactive electrorefiner salt from spent metallic reactor fuel, uranium and plutonium are found as 20-50 rim (U,Pu)O-2 particles encapsulated in glass near glass-sodalite phase boundaries. In order to determine whether the (U,Pu)O-2 affects the durability of the CWF, and to determine release behavior of uraniurn and Plutonium during CWF corrosion, tests were conducted to measure the release of matrix and radioactive elements from crushed CWF samples into water and the properties of released plutonium. Released colloids have been characterized by sequential filtration of test solutions followed by elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This paper reports the composition, size, and agglomeration of these colloids. Significant amounts of colloidal, amorphous aluminosilicates and smaller amounts of colloidal crystalline (U,Pu)O-2 were identified in test solutions. The normalized releases of uranium and plutonium were significantly less than the normalized releases of matrix elements, i.e., the CWF retains these radionuclides well. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Morss, LR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Kropf, Arthur/B-8665-2015 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 421 EP 427 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500048 ER PT S AU Icenhower, JP McGrail, BP Strachan, DM Scheele, RD Legore, VL Rodriguez, EA Steele, JL Brown, CF O'Hara, MJ AF Icenhower, JP McGrail, BP Strachan, DM Scheele, RD Legore, VL Rodriguez, EA Steele, JL Brown, CF O'Hara, MJ BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Experimental determination of the dissolution kinetics of plutonium- and uranium-bearing ceramics at 90 degrees C SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co ID DAMAGE AB As a first step toward understanding the effects of radiation damage on element release rates from Ti-bearing waste forms, we performed single-pass flow-through (SPFT) experiments with Pu-230- and U-238-bearing ceramics over a solution pli-interval of 2 to 10 at 90degreesC, The ceramics tested are chemically complex and are dominated volumetrically by betafite (Ti-pyrochlore) (ABTi(2)O(7)) (A = Ca2+, Gd3+, B = Gd3+, Hf4+, Pu4+, U-4/61). The Pu-239-bearing specimens contained 11.9 mass% PuO2 and 23.7 mass% UO2. In addition, a Pu-238-bearing (11.8 and 23.9 mass% PuO2 and UO2, respectively) specimen was tested at pH = 2, 90degreesC. The Pu-239-bearing specimens slowly released Pu to solution (rate = 7.6 x 10(-6) g m(-2) d(-1)), even at pH = 2. Release of elements across the pH interval investigated exhibits a weak amphoteric behavior. Compared to results from the Pu-239-bearing materials, the Pu-238-bearing specimen released Pu > 1000X faster (rate = 9.3 x 10(-3) g m(-2) d(-1)) at pH = 2, Release rates of U, Gd, and Hf are also faster from the Pu-238-bearing ceramic compared to the specimen containing Pu-239. Although preliminary, the data can be interpreted to indicate that accumulation of radiation damage may result in faster release of Pu and U to solution than previously suspected. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McGrail, BP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 433 EP 440 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500050 ER PT S AU Weber, WJ Ewing, RC AF Weber, WJ Ewing, RC BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Radiation effects in crystalline oxide host phases for the immobilization of actinides SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co ID ALPHA-DECAY DAMAGE; LEVEL NUCLEAR-WASTE; ION IRRADIATION; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; PU-238-SUBSTITUTED ZIRCONOLITE; GADOLINIUM ZIRCONATE; EVENT DAMAGE; PLUTONIUM; CERAMICS; TEMPERATURE AB Radiation effects from alpha-decay events in crystalline oxides, which are proposed for the immobilization of actinides, often lead to amorphization, macroscopic swelling and order-of-magnitude increases in dissolution rates for all of the Phases currently under consideration. However, the results of systematic experimental studies using short-lived actinides and ion-beam irradiations, Studies of radiation effects in U- and Th-bearing minerals, and the development of new models of the damage process over the past 20 years have led to a substantial increase in the understanding of the processes of damage accumulation in apatite, zircon, perovskite, zirconolite, and pyrochlore/fluorite structures. This fundamental scientific understanding now provides a basis for predicting the performance of nuclear waste forms in a radiation field. One of the recent successes of these studies has been the discovery of a class of radiation-resistant pyrochlore/fluorite structures that can serve as highly durable, radiation-resistant host Phases for the immobilization of actinides. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 52 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 13 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 443 EP 454 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500051 ER PT S AU Strachan, DM Scheele, RD Kozelisky, AE Sell, RL Schaef, HT O'Hara, MJ Brown, CF Buchmiller, WC AF Strachan, DM Scheele, RD Kozelisky, AE Sell, RL Schaef, HT O'Hara, MJ Brown, CF Buchmiller, WC BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Radiation damage in titanate ceramics for plutonium immobilization SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co ID GD2TI2O7 AB Radiation damage experiments are being performed with pyrochlore and zirconolite in support of the disposition of surplus weapons-ready Pu. Pyrochlore becomes amorphous in approximately 1 year from the alpha recoil damage of similar to 10(18) alphas/g from the decay of Pu-238. The dissolution rate of Pu-238 bearing ceramics increases with increasing radiation damage as measured in a 3 d MCC-1 test at 90degreesC. Over the same period, zirconolite retains substantial crystallinity albeit with broadened diffraction peaks. The dissolution rate also increases with increasing radiation damage. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strachan, DM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI O'Hara, Matthew/0000-0003-3982-5897 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 461 EP 468 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500053 ER PT S AU Fortner, J Aase, S Reed, D AF Fortner, J Aase, S Reed, D BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Radiogenic transmutation effects in a crystalline aluminosilicate ceramic: A TEM study SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB We demonstrate tile use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the effects of beta-decay of radioactive (CS)-C-137 to Ba-137 in crystalline pollucite (CsAlSi2O6). Most prior work on radiation effects in materials has focused on structural damage from alpha radiation. Beta radiation, on the Other hand, causes little atomic displacement, but the decay transmutation, that is, the radioactive decay of a radioisotope to an isotope of another element, results in progeny with different the valence and ionic radius. Cesium-137, a fission product of uranium, is a major contaminant at U.S. Department of Energy production facilities. Pollucite is an aluminosilicate ceramic with potential use for long-term storage of (CS)-C-137. We focused on one of several available (CS)-C-137 sources originally fabricated in the 1970s and 1980s. These sources were small, scaled, stainless steel capsules containing pollucite in which varying amounts of the natural Cs had been replaced by radioactive Cs-137 (t(1/2) = 30.13 years). The sample chosen for TEM examination, aged for nearly 20 years, contained the most radiogenic barium and was expected to show the largest radiation effects. Bright Field transmission images revealed a homogeneous crystalline matrix, with no evidence of distinct Ba phases or ex-solution phenomena resulting from tile Cs-137 transmutation. Electron diffraction patterns obtained from several portions of the sample were consistent with literature values for pollucite. These data suggest that little substantial damage was done to the crystal structure of this sample, despite the transmutation of nearly 1.5% of the total cesium to barium over the elapsed 20 years. Although our observations are limited, to our knowledge these are the only available data in which transmutation effects have been isolated from other radiation damage phenomena. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fortner, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 527 EP 533 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500063 ER PT S AU McGrail, BP Icenhower, JP Rodriguez, EA AF McGrail, BP Icenhower, JP Rodriguez, EA BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Origins of discrepancies between kinetic rate law theory and experiments in the Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 system SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co ID LOW-ACTIVITY WASTE; METASTABLE IMMISCIBILITY; BOROSILICATE GLASS; DISSOLUTION; SURFACE; IMPACT AB Discrepancies between classical kinetic rate law theory and experiment were quantitatively assessed and found to correlate with macromolecular amorphous separation in the sodium borosilicate glass system. A quantitative reinterpretation of static corrosion data and new SPFT data shows that a recently advanced protective surface layer theory fails to describe the observed dissolution behavior of simple and complex silicate glasses under carefully controlled experimental conditions. The hypothesis is shown to be self-inconsistent in contrast with a phase separation model that is in quantitative agreement with experiments. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Appl Geol & Geochem Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McGrail, BP (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Appl Geol & Geochem Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 537 EP 546 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500064 ER PT S AU Mattigod, SV Serne, RJ McGrail, BP LeGore, VL AF Mattigod, SV Serne, RJ McGrail, BP LeGore, VL BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Radionuclide incorporation in secondary crystalline minerals from chemical weathering of waste glasses SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB Data from corrosion and radionuclide sequestration studies oil two waste glasses indicated chemical weathering resulted in the formation of zeolite minerals such as herschelite and analcime. We also found that these minerals incorporated similar to8 - 22%, similar to1- 13% and similar to8 -25% of spiked I-125, Tc-99, and Se-75 respectively. Increasing concentrations of radionuclides in spike solution resulted in higher degree of sequestration as observed by significantly higher proportion of stable isotopes (similar to70 - 95% I, similar to58 - 100% Re, and similar to 100%, Se) in secondary minerals. The radionuclide incorporation mechanisms for these minerals appear to be mainly isomorphic substitution of Se and Re in tetrahedral sites and iodide substitution for framework oxygen. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mattigod, SV (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 597 EP 604 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500071 ER PT S AU Finn, PA Tsai, Y Cunnane, JC AF Finn, PA Tsai, Y Cunnane, JC BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Corrosion tests of LWR fuels - Nuclide release SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co ID SPENT FUEL AB Two high burnup BWR fuels [64 and 71 (MWd)/kgU], one of which contained 2% Gd, and two low burnup PWR fuels [30 and 45 (MWd)/kgU], are tested by dripping groundwater on the fuel under oxidizing and hydrologically unsaturated conditions for 2.4 and 8.2 yr, respectively, at 90degreesC. The Tc-99, I-129, (CS)-C-137, Mo-97, and Sr-90 releases are presented to show the effects of reaction time and of gadolinium (Gd) oil nuclide release. For the PWR fuels, the five nuclides have similar fractional release rates at 8.2 yr. For the BWR fuels, the presence of 2% Gd reduced the Tc-99 cumulative release fraction after 2.4 yr by about an order of magnitude from that of a fuel with a similar burnup but without added Gd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Finn, PA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 607 EP 614 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500072 ER PT S AU Finch, RJ AF Finch, RJ BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Precipitation of crystalline NpO2 during oxidative corrosion of neptunium-bearing uranium oxides SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB We report crystallization of NpO2 during aqueous corrosion of unirradiated Np-bearing U3O8 under nominally oxidizing conditions. Powders of Np0.33U2.67O8 (Np:U = 1:8) were reacted in humid air at 90degrees and 150degreesC for several weeks hi scaled stainless-steel vessels, Reacted solids were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Dehydrated schoepite, (UO2)O0.25-z(OH)(1.5+2z) (0 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 0.15), is the predominant U(VI) compound formed in these experiments and is a minor shak for Np (containing 2 wt.% Np, maximum). The primary sink for Np during corrosion of NP0.33U2.67O8 at 150degrees C is crystalline NpO2, which crystallized within 2 weeks of reaction in humid air. Corrosion of Np0.33U2.67O8 at 90degrees C resulted in crystallization of approximately equal proportions of crystalline NpO2 and Np2O5 during 16 weeks of reaction in humid air. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Finch, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 639 EP 646 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500076 ER PT S AU Finch, RJ Fortner, JA Buck, EC Wolf, SF AF Finch, RJ Fortner, JA Buck, EC Wolf, SF BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Neptunium incorporation into uranium(VI) compounds formed during aqueous corrosion of neptunium-bearing uranium oxides SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co ID SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL AB We report results of experimental studies on the behavior of Np during aqueous corrosion of unirradiated Np-bearing U oxides. Np-doped U oxides were reacted in humid air at 90degreesC and 150degreesC for several weeks within scaled stainless-steel vessels. Reacted solids were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopic., (SEM and TEM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Dehydrated schoepite, (UO2)O-0.25.z(OH)(1.5+2z) (0 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 0.15), is the predominant U(VI) compound formed in these experiments. Preliminary EELS analysis on crushed grains verify that dehydrated schoepite formed at 150degreesC contains up to approximately 2 wt.%, Np, corresponding to a maximum Np:U molar ratio of approximately 1:40. These are maximum values because the degree to which surface-sorbed Np is present on the grains analyzed is not yet known. Crystalline NpO2 also precipitated during these experiments, and the concentration of Np in dehydrated schoepite may represent the maximum amount of Np that can be incorporated into dehydrated schoepite under the experimental conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Finch, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574; Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 647 EP 654 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500077 ER PT S AU Buck, EC Colella, M Smith, KL Lumpkin, GR AF Buck, EC Colella, M Smith, KL Lumpkin, GR BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Investigation of the oxidation state of uranium in nuclear materials and their alteration products SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB In this study, the oxidation state of uranium was investigated with Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy on the Transmission Electron Microscope. The oxygen K edge in a series of uranium-bearing phases was investigated and this technique was compared to an alternative method of using the relative intensities of the M-4,M-5- edges of the actinides. Under controlled conditions, it is possible to obtain reliable oxidation state data on uranium solids; however, mixtures of oxidation state,,, in a single compound cannot be distinguished with certainty. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Radiochem Proc Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Buck, EC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Radiochem Proc Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 655 EP 662 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500078 ER PT S AU Serne, RJ Cantrell, KJ Kutnyakov, IV Lindenmeier, CW AF Serne, RJ Cantrell, KJ Kutnyakov, IV Lindenmeier, CW BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Effects of reactor decontamination complexing agents on soil adsorption-column studies (JJ5.4) SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB Previous studies show that some radionuclides,,, present in reactor decontamination wastes form strong complexes with the organic complexing agents used to decontaminate reactor cores and piping. Further, the metal-ligand complexes exhibit reduced adsorption to soils. Flow through column tests were used to study the adsorption of metal-organic ligand complexes to two soils. The breakthrough curves for metals and organic ligands for four tests are shown. In all the column tests, the adsorption of the organic ligand-metal complex, or the free organic ligand and free metal (disassociated species) was reversible. That is, close to the total mass injected was recovered in the flushing stage with untraced back.-round solution. Two tests that used the iron oxide coated sand show complicated behavior that was interpreted as being caused by ligand (both EDTA and picolinate) interacting with the ferric oxides. The Ni-organic ligand complex in both cases appears to exchange Ni for Fe to some extent such that free Ni+2 is produced and Fe (III)-organic complexes are formed that adsorb with different strengths. Further, we suspect that the organic ligand is dissolving some of the ferric oxide coatings and destroying sorption sites. The combination of all these reactions leads to rather complicated breakthrough curve,;. In tests with picolinate there is partial disassociation of the metal and ligand such that the breakthrough curves for the metal and ligand are different A recommendation is made to not bury EDTA-laden decontamination wastes with cement, Another observation is that predictions that use simple constant K-d and constant source release constructs may not be exclusively conservative in predicting concentrations of contaminants in tr water down-gradient from disposal sites. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Geol & Geochem Sect, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Serne, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Geol & Geochem Sect, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 751 EP 758 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500089 ER PT S AU Chamberlain, DB Aase, S Arafat, HA Conner, C Leonard, RA Regalbuto, MC Vandegrift, GF AF Chamberlain, DB Aase, S Arafat, HA Conner, C Leonard, RA Regalbuto, MC Vandegrift, GF BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Proof-of-concept flowsheet tests for cesium removal from tank waste by caustic-side solvent extraction SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB A caustic-side solvent extraction (CSSX) process to remove cesium from Savannah River Site (SRS) high-level waste has been developed through a joint program with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Savannah River Technical Center (SRTC), and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The CSSX solvent consists of four components: (I) an extractant, a calixarene crown, calix[4]arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) designated BOBCalixC6, (2) a modifier, an alkyl aryl polyether, 1-(2,2,3,3,-tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4-sec-butylphenoxy)-2-propanol, also called Cs-7SB, (3) a suppressant, an alkyl amine, trioctylamine (TOA), and (4) a diluent, Isopar(R)L. The solvent composition is 0.01 M BOBCalixC6, 0.50 M Cs-7SB, and 0.001 M TOA in Isopar(R)L. In this program we have developed and demonstrated a flowsheet that can be used to process SRS tank waste. To this end, a series of flowsheet tests were completed using simulated waste in a 2-cm centrifugal contactor at ANL. Three short-term (3-4 hours) tests were completed to demonstrate various aspects of the flowsheet. These tests were followed by a 71-h test where the solvent was recycled 42 times. In each case, we met or exceeded the key process goals: ( I) cesium removal from the waste with a decontamination factor greater than 40,000, (2) concentration of cesium in the aqueous strip effluent by a factor of 15 using dilute nitric acid, and (3) stripping the solvent sufficiently to allow it to be recycled many times. The results from the 71-h test are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chamberlain, DB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 877 EP 884 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500104 ER PT S AU Nyman, M Krumhansl, JL Jove-Colon, C Zhang, P Nenoff, TM Headley, TJ Su, YL Li, LY AF Nyman, M Krumhansl, JL Jove-Colon, C Zhang, P Nenoff, TM Headley, TJ Su, YL Li, LY BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Chemical interactions of UOPIONSIV (R) IE-911 (CST) with SRS waste simulants SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co ID ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS; SOLUBILITY AB UOP IONSIV(R) IE-911 is a bound form of cystalline silicotitanate (CST) that was extensively tested for removing Cs-137 from the Savannah River Site (SRS) tank wastes. In some simulant tests, column plugging incidents were observed, which led to thorough investigations to determine the causes and to develop protocols to avoid future plugging incidents, A related problem was the apparent decrease in Cs scavenging capability in sonic long-term tests. Our studies revealed that the interaction of IE-911 with the highly basic, high ionic strength, SRS average salt simulant could result in precipitation of, 1) poorly crystalline Nb-oxide, or 2) aluminosilicate zeolitic phases. The source for the Nb-oxide precipitate was determined to be a minor impurity phase that is a byproduct of CST manufacturing, The mechanisms of dissolution and re-precipitation of this phase in column pretreatment solution were investigated, and a protocol to rid IE-911 of this impurity was devised. The source material for the aluminosilicate zeolite precipitate was determined to be predominantly from the waste solution rather than the IE-911. Solubility experiments coupled with a thermodynamic analysis provided a protocol to predict when aluminosilicate precipitation will and will not occur. Finally, it was also established that aluminosilicate precipitation on the surfaces of the IE-911 granules could also account for an apparent decrease in equilibrium K-d and decrease in kinetics of Cs sorption. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0755, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 885 EP 891 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500105 ER PT S AU Tranter, TJ Aloy, AS Sapozhnikova, NV Knecht, DA Todd, TA AF Tranter, TJ Aloy, AS Sapozhnikova, NV Knecht, DA Todd, TA BE McGrail, BP Cragnolino, GA TI Porous crystalline silica (Gubka) as a inorganic support matrix for novel sorbents SO SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT XXV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Pacific NW Natl Lab, SW Res Inst, Appl Metamix Ltd, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, US DOE, Westinghouse Savannah River Co AB Inorganic ion exchange media typically exist as Fine powders, making large-scale use impractical, unless the media can be affixed to in appropriate matrix. Likewise, organic chelating agents are typically dissolved in a solvent and absorbed into porous matrices for use in extraction chromatography. The most common matrices utilized in both cases are organic materials, that ire not compatible with high radiation fields or acceptable as Final waste forms. Recent investigations have shown that ion exchange sorbents can be effectively loaded within a porous crystalline silica (Gubka) matrix. This approach allows for target radionuclides to be adsorbed into a Porous micro-crystalline glass matrix which encapsulates the contaminant and becomes the final waste form. Subsequent to adsorption of the radionuclides, the Gubka matrix can be compressed in a hot uniaxial press, resulting in an even greater volume reduction. The porous glass matrix is produced in Russia using fly ash residue from coal combustion power generating plants. It consists of consolidated arrays of hollow glass cenospheres and is termed Gubka which is the Russian word for sponge, This paper describes results of a collaborative research program between the Khlopin Radium Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, the Mining and Chemical Combine, Zhelezriogorsk, Russia, and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. Ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) for the removal of cesium from acidic liquid waste has been successfully incorporated into Gubka matrices. Test results For cesium removal, using AMP-Gubka, are discussed. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Tranter, TJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016 OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-649-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 713 BP 907 EP 913 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV11U UT WOS:000177857500108 ER PT S AU Ang, LK AF Ang, LK BE Miyamoto, I Lu, YF Sugioka, K Dubowski, JJ TI Optimum energy absorption of a short-pulse laser in a doped dielectric slab SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LASER PRECISION MICROFABRICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication CY MAY 16-18, 2001 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP USAF Off Sci Res, AOARD, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Data Storage Inst, SPIE, High Temp Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Precis Engn, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Japan Welding Soc, MATE, Laser Soc Japan, Japan Inst Electr Packaging, CRCast DE resonant absorption; doped dielectric; ultrafast laser AB A model is used to calculate energy absorption efficiency when a short-pulse laser impinges on a dielectric slab doped with an impurity for which the electrons have a resonant line at the laser wavelength. The amount of the energy resonant absorption is due to the overlapping between laser spectrum and resonance spectrum. The energy absorption efficiency can be maximized for a certain degree of doping concentration (at a given pulselength) and also for a certain pulselength (at a given doping concentration). For a modest amount of impurity, the resonant absorption may increase the fraction of energy absorption up to tens of percent of laser energy at 100s optical cycles when the laser wavelength is tuned within 1% of the resonant line. Dimensionless parameters are constructed so that the scaling to various parameters: laser wavelength, laser pulselength, dielectric constant, slab thickness, impurity concentration, resonant linewidth, and separation between the laser wavelength and the line resonance, could easily be obtained. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ang, LK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI ANG, Lay Kee/F-8115-2015 OI ANG, Lay Kee/0000-0003-2811-1194 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4137-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4426 BP 74 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.456838 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU58D UT WOS:000176422100015 ER PT S AU Ericson, MN Ibey, BL Cote, GL Baba, JS Dixon, JB Hileman, MS Britton, CL Wilson, MA AF Ericson, MN Ibey, BL Cote, GL Baba, JS Dixon, JB Hileman, MS Britton, CL Wilson, MA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI In vivo application of a minimally invasive oximetry based perfusion sensor SO SECOND JOINT EMBS-BMES CONFERENCE 2002, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: BIOENGINEERING - INTEGRATIVE METHODOLOGIES, NEW TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual International Conference of the Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society/Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical-Engineering-Society (EMBS 2002 BMES) CY OCT 23-26, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Engn Med & Biol Soc, Biomed Engn Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Whitaker Fdn DE oximetry; perfusion; transplant organ; oxyhemoglobin; deoxyhemoglobin; optical biosensor ID BLOOD AB Pulse oximetry is an optical technique based on the differences in absorption of blood oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, which can be used for sensing blood flow in tissue. The inadequacy of current systemic blood flow measurements to detect changes in the local perfusion of transplanted and/or diseased organs has led us to develop a novel micro-sensor for this purpose. For this paper, we present in vivo results from a preliminary study performed to quantify the effectiveness and SNR of the sensor using a rat model. The results indicate that the sensor is able to detect changes in perfusion to the target organ in correlation to a standard laser-Doppler reference signal. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ericson, MN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-7612-9 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 2002 BP 1789 EP 1790 DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053026 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV84T UT WOS:000180194800882 ER PT S AU Short, KW Carpenter, S Freyer, JP Mourant, JR AF Short, KW Carpenter, S Freyer, JP Mourant, JR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Raman scattering studies of biochemical changes associated with carcinogenesis using tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells SO SECOND JOINT EMBS-BMES CONFERENCE 2002, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: BIOENGINEERING - INTEGRATIVE METHODOLOGIES, NEW TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual International Conference of the Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society/Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical-Engineering-Society (EMBS 2002 BMES) CY OCT 23-26, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Engn Med & Biol Soc, Biomed Engn Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Whitaker Fdn DE Raman; carcinogenesis AB Analysis of Raman spectra from a pair of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells derived from rat embryo fibroblast (REF) cells will be presented. M1 cells are an immortalized but non-tumorigenic cell line made by stable transfection with the myc oncogene. MR1 cells are a tumorigenic line derived from M1 cells by stable transfection with a mutated ras oncogene. Using these two cell lines, biochemical changes caused by tumorigenesis may be characterized without spectral interference from intercellular components, such as collagen, that may change as a result of tumorigenic transformation. We will present our current results from Raman studies covering spectroscopic differences between the two cell lines, sampling the cells in both the plateau and exponential phases of growth. Raman data from isolated nuclei of the two cell lines are also presented. Where possible, differences in the Raman spectra will be correlated with biochemical differences observed using other techniques. For example, changes in nucleic acid content, which can be monitored by flow cytometry, are also observed in the Raman spectra. Changes in the relative amounts of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are also determined. Such abilities will be important in distinguishing between tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells-in vivo. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Short, KW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-7612-9 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 2002 BP 2263 EP 2264 DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053273 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV84T UT WOS:000180194801109 ER PT S AU Mourant, JR Johnson, TM Aida, T Carpenter, S Freyer, JP AF Mourant, JR Johnson, TM Aida, T Carpenter, S Freyer, JP GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Distinguishing morphological changes with polarized light scattering SO SECOND JOINT EMBS-BMES CONFERENCE 2002, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: BIOENGINEERING - INTEGRATIVE METHODOLOGIES, NEW TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual International Conference of the Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society/Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical-Engineering-Society (EMBS 2002 BMES) CY OCT 23-26, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Engn Med & Biol Soc, Biomed Engn Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Whitaker Fdn DE biomedical optics; noninvasive measurements; light scattering; cancer detection AB Results of work determining how different biological structures contribute to light scattering will be presented. Further, measurements of phantoms that mimic structural changes expected in vivo will be presented. It is found that polarized measurements can discriminate between phantoms with similar properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mourant, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-7612-9 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 2002 BP 2293 EP 2294 DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2002.1053288 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV84T UT WOS:000180194801124 ER PT B AU Hartemann, FV Baldis, HA Gibson, DJ Kerman, AK Landahl, EC Le Foll, A Luhmann, NC Rupp, B Troha, AL AF Hartemann, FV Baldis, HA Gibson, DJ Kerman, AK Landahl, EC Le Foll, A Luhmann, NC Rupp, B Troha, AL BE Stefan, V TI Three-dimensional theory of emittance in compton scattering and X-ray protein crystallography SO SELECT TOPICS IN LASER MATTER INTERACTION SE STEFAN UNIVERSITY PRESS SERIES ON FRONTIERS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Frontier Science Research Conference on Laser - Matter Interaction CY JUL 24-26, 2000 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP La Jolla Int Sch Sci, Inst Adv Phys Studies ID 90-DEGREES THOMSON SCATTERING; INTENSE LASER-PULSES; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION; VACUUM; DESIGN; BEAMS AB A complete, three-dimensional theory of Compton scattering is described, which fully takes into account the effects of the electron beam emittance and energy spread upon the scattered x-ray spectral brightness. The radiation scattered by an electron subjected to an arbitrary electromagnetic field distribution in vacuum is first derived in the linear regime, and in the absence of radiative corrections, it is found that each vacuum eigenmode gives rise to a single Doppler-shifted classical dipole excitation. This formalism is then applied to Compton scattering in a three-dimensional laser focus, and yields a complete description of the influence of the electron beam phase space topology on the x-ray spectral brightness, analytical expressions including the effects of emittance and energy spread are also obtained in the one-dimensional limit. Within this framework, the x-ray brightness generated by a 25 MeV electron beam is modeled, fully taking into account the beam emittance and energy spread, as well as the three-dimensional nature of the laser focus; its application to x-ray protein crystallography is outlined. Finally, coherence, harmonics, and radiative corrections are also briefly discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hartemann, FV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU STEFAN UNIV PRESS PI LA JOLLA PA PO BOX 2946, LA JOLLA, CA 92038-2946 USA BN 1-889545-44-9 J9 S U P FRONT SCI PY 2002 BP 33 EP 69 PG 37 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BW31C UT WOS:000181496100002 ER PT B AU Delamater, ND Murphy, TJ Watt, RG Varnum, WS Wilson, DC Evans, SC Gobby, PL Colvin, JD Pollaine, SM Turner, RE Glebov, V Stoeckl, C Sources, J AF Delamater, ND Murphy, TJ Watt, RG Varnum, WS Wilson, DC Evans, SC Gobby, PL Colvin, JD Pollaine, SM Turner, RE Glebov, V Stoeckl, C Sources, J BE Stefan, V TI Status of the Los Alamos ICF high convergence implosion campaigns at the omega laser facility SO SELECT TOPICS IN LASER MATTER INTERACTION SE STEFAN UNIVERSITY PRESS SERIES ON FRONTIERS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Frontier Science Research Conference on Laser - Matter Interaction CY JUL 24-26, 2000 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP La Jolla Int Sch Sci, Inst Adv Phys Studies C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delamater, ND (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU STEFAN UNIV PRESS PI LA JOLLA PA PO BOX 2946, LA JOLLA, CA 92038-2946 USA BN 1-889545-44-9 J9 S U P FRONT SCI PY 2002 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BW31C UT WOS:000181496100005 ER PT B AU Glenzer, SH AF Glenzer, SH BE Stefan, V TI Observation of saturated brillouin instability in fusion plasmas with Thomson scattering SO SELECT TOPICS IN LASER MATTER INTERACTION SE STEFAN UNIVERSITY PRESS SERIES ON FRONTIERS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Frontier Science Research Conference on Laser - Matter Interaction CY JUL 24-26, 2000 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP La Jolla Int Sch Sci, Inst Adv Phys Studies ID PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-447, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU STEFAN UNIV PRESS PI LA JOLLA PA PO BOX 2946, LA JOLLA, CA 92038-2946 USA BN 1-889545-44-9 J9 S U P FRONT SCI PY 2002 BP 133 EP 137 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BW31C UT WOS:000181496100007 ER PT S AU Espada, LI Mang, JT Orler, EB Wrobleski, DA Langlois, DA Hjelm, RP AF Espada, LI Mang, JT Orler, EB Wrobleski, DA Langlois, DA Hjelm, RP BE Moss, SC TI Structural characterization of segmented polyurethanes by small angle neutron scattering SO SELF-ASSEMBLY PROCESSES IN MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Assembly Processes in Materials held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The beneficial mechanical properties of segmented polyurethanes derive from microphase separation of immiscible hard and soft segment-rich domains at room temperature. We are interested in the structure of the domains, how these are affected by hydrolytic aging, and how the structure is modified by low molecular weight plasticizers. To assessed the distribution of the plasticizer in polyurethane, we did small-angle neutron scattering measurements on mixtures of 23% hard segment poly(esterurethane) with different amounts of either non-deuterated or deuterated plasticizer. We analyzed the results using a simple model in which the contrast, Deltarho = rho(H) - rho, between the hard and soft segment-rich domains is varied by the amount of deuterated or hydrogenated plasticizer, using the fact that I(Q) similar to Deltarho(2). The result demonstrated that the plasticizer is largely associated with the soft segment rich domains. The structure of PESU with the chain extender of the hard segment was assessed after aging under hydrolytic conditions. The results show that the microphase structure coarsens and segregates and that the hard and soft segments segregated as a result of the loss of constraints from hydrolytic soft segment chain scission. The results on plasticizer distribution and the effects of hydrolytic aging give insight on the loss of mechanical properties that occur in each case. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Espada, LI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, LANSCE-12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-643-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 707 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BV55X UT WOS:000179344700008 ER PT S AU Li, DQ Yu, CT AF Li, DQ Yu, CT BE Moss, SC TI Self-assembled magnetic dots, antidots, dot chains, and stripes: Epitaxial Co on Ru(0001) SO SELF-ASSEMBLY PROCESSES IN MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Self-Assembly Processes in Materials held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; SURFACES; FE; GROWTH; NANOSTRUCTURES; NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION; PD(110) AB Lateral magnetic nanostructures have been grown via molecular beam epitaxy in ultrahigh vacuum and characterized ex-situ with atomic force and magnetic force microscopy. We observed that epitaxial growth of Co onto Ru(0001) at elevated temperature results in three-dimensional Co islands (dots) or a flat Co film network with deep holes (antidots) in truncated pyramidal shapes. The lateral size of these dots/antidots, in the order of 100 nm, tends to be unifonn at each given coverage. We attribute the growth mode mainly to strain relaxation of Co epitaxy on Ru, which has a 8% lattice mismatch. In addition, we have explored the placement of these dots on a grooved Ru(0001) surface. The dots automatically align into linear chains along the asymmetric grooves to form either dot chains or continuous stripes, which would open new opportunities in creating either ordered magnetic arrays or arbitrary arrangements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, DQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-643-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 707 BP 253 EP 262 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BV55X UT WOS:000179344700037 ER PT S AU Whiting, MA Cramer, N AF Whiting, MA Cramer, N BE Horrocks, I Hendler, J TI WebTheme (TM): Understanding Web information through visual analytics SO SEMANTIC WEB - ISWC 2002 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) CY JUN 09-12, 2002 CL SARDINIA, ITALY SP OntoWeb, DAML, ist, network inference, On knowledge To, ibrow, Ontoprise, INTAP, Wonder Web, France Telecom R&D, CognIT a s, Nokia AB WebTheme combines the power of software agent-based information retrieval with visual analytics to provide users with a new tool for understanding web information. WebTheme allows users to both quickly comprehend large collections of information from the Web and drill down into interesting portions of a collection. Software agents work for users to perform controlled harvesting of web material of interest. Visualization and analysis tools allow exploration of the resulting document space. Information spaces are organized and presented according to their topical context. Tools that display how documents were collected by the agents, where they were gathered, and how they are linked further enhance users' understanding of information and its context. WebTheme is a significant tool in the pursuit of the Semantic Web. In particular, it supports enhanced user insight into semantics of large, prestructured or ad-hoc, web information collections. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Whiting, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43760-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2342 BP 460 EP 468 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV76M UT WOS:000179965300041 ER PT S AU Istratov, AA Huber, W Weber, ER AF Istratov, AA Huber, W Weber, ER BE Huff, HR Fabry, L Kishino, S TI Modeling of competitive gettering between devices and gettering sites SO SEMICONDUCTOR SILICON 2002, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Electrochemical Society Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Silicon Materials Science and Technology CY MAY 13-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div ID INTRINSIC POINT-DEFECTS; SILICON; IRON; TECHNOLOGY; WAFERS AB Areas of heavy doping, implantation damage, and lattice strains, which are part of any silicon integrated circuit device, can provide efficient traps for metals. To take into account the trapping of metals by devices, we introduce the concept of competitive gettering by gettering sites and devices, and perform modeling of competitive gettering in p/p(+) epi-wafers and wafers with internal gettering sites with a wide range of cooling rates. Due to the effect of gettering by devices, metal concentration in the device area can substantially exceed its average concentration in the wafer, and device yield will degrade. This can be prevented by optimization of the substrate gettering properties in order to make them superior to those of the devices. Although fast cooling rates inherent in rapid thermal processing represent a challenge for gettering, it is shown that optimized gettering can perform well even if the wafer is cooled in a rapid thermal processing system at a rate between 5 and 100 degrees per second. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 0275-0171 BN 1-56677-374-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 2 BP 626 EP 637 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BW07T UT WOS:000180812100054 ER PT J AU Fowler, JS Ido, T AF Fowler, JS Ido, T TI Initial and subsequent approach for the synthesis of (18)FDG SO SEMINARS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ACETYL HYPOFLUORITE; F-18 FLUORIDE; NUCLEOPHILIC-SUBSTITUTION; STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS; CONCISE COMMUNICATION; CATION-EXCHANGE; KRYPTOFIX 2.2.2; WATER TARGET; HIGH-YIELD; 2-DEOXY-2-FLUORO-D-GLUCOSE AB 2-deoxy-2-[F-18] fluoro-D-glucose ((18)FDG) was developed in 1976 in a collaboration between scientists at the National Institutes of Health, the University of Pennsylvania, and Brookhaven National Laboratory. It was developed for the specific purpose of mapping brain glucose metabolism in living humans, thereby serving as a tool in the basic human neurosciences. With (18)FDG it was possible for the first time to measure regional glucose metabolism in the living human brain. Around the same time, the use of (18)FDG for studies of myocardial metabolism and as a tracer for tumor metabolism were reported. After the first synthesis of (18)FDG via an electrophilic fluorination with F-18 gas (produced via the Ne-20(d,alpha)F-18 reaction), small volume enriched water targets were developed that made it possible to produce large quantities of [F-18]fluoride ion via the high-yield O-18(p,n)F-18 reaction. This was followed by a major milestone, the development of a nucleophilic fluorination method that produced (18)FDG in very high yield. These advances and the remarkable properties of (18)FDG have largely overcome the limitations of the 110-minute half-life of F-18 so that (18)FDG is now available to most regions of the United States from a number of central production sites. This avoids the need for an on-site cyclotron and chemistry laboratory and has opened up the use of (18)FDG to institutions that have a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner (or other imaging device) but no cyclotron or chemistry infrastructure. Currently, (18)FDG is used by many hospitals as an off the shelf radiopharmaceutical for clinical diagnosis in heart disease, seizure disorders, and oncology, the area of most rapid growth. However, it remains an important tool in human neuroscience and in drug research and development. Copyright (C) 2002 by WB. Saunders Company. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Fowler, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-15380] NR 61 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 13 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0001-2998 J9 SEMIN NUCL MED JI Semin. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 6 EP 12 DI 10.1053/snuc.2002.29270 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518ZW UT WOS:000173699800003 PM 11839070 ER PT J AU Ho, CK Hughes, RC AF Ho, CK Hughes, RC TI In-situ chemiresistor sensor package for real-time detection of volatile organic compounds in soil and groundwater SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE in-situ; hydrocarbon; real-time; polymer; contaminant ID ARRAY; TASKS AB This paper presents the development of a real-time microsensor-based monitoring system that can be used to detect and characterize volatile organic compounds in soil and groundwater. The system employs an array of polymer-based microsensors (chemiresistors) packaged in a waterproof housing that is designed to protect the sensor from harsh subsurface environments, including completely water-saturated conditions. The sensors and packaging have been tested in field and laboratory environments, and characterization methods are being developed that utilize contaminant-transport models and time-dependent, in-situ sensor data to identify the location of the contaminant source. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS JI Sensors PD JAN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.3390/s20100023 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 666RR UT WOS:000182190700003 ER PT S AU Bebek, CJ Groom, DE Holland, SE Karcher, A Kolbe, WF Lee, J Levi, ME Palaio, NP Turko, BT Uslenghi, MC Wagner, MT Wang, G AF Bebek, CJ Groom, DE Holland, SE Karcher, A Kolbe, WF Lee, J Levi, ME Palaio, NP Turko, BT Uslenghi, MC Wagner, MT Wang, G BE Blouke, MM Canosa, J Sampat, N TI Proton radiation damage in high-resistivity n-type silicon CCDs SO SENSORS AND CAMERA SYSTEMS FOR SCIENTIFIC, INDUSTRIAL, AND DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Camera Systems for Scientific, Industrial, and Digital Photography Applications III CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE CCD; radiation damage; high resistivity silicon; charge transfer efficiency AB A new type of p-channel CCD constructed on high-resistivity n-type silicon was exposed to 12 MeV protons at doses up to 1x10(11) protons/cm(2). The charge transfer efficiency was measured as a function of radiation dose and temperature. We previously reported that these CCDs are significantly more tolerant to radiation damage than conventional n-channel devices. In the work reported here, we used pocket pumping techniques and charge transfer efficiency measurements to determine the identity and concentrations of radiation induced traps present in the damaged devices. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bebek, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013; OI Uslenghi, Michela/0000-0002-7585-8605 NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4409-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4669 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1117/12.463422 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU77U UT WOS:000176994200019 ER PT S AU Smith, AR McDonald, RJ Hurley, DL Holland, SE Groom, DE Brown, WE Gilmore, DK Stover, RJ Wei, M AF Smith, AR McDonald, RJ Hurley, DL Holland, SE Groom, DE Brown, WE Gilmore, DK Stover, RJ Wei, M BE Blouke, MM Canosa, J Sampat, N TI Radiation events in astronomical CCD images SO SENSORS AND CAMERA SYSTEMS FOR SCIENTIFIC, INDUSTRIAL, AND DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Camera Systems for Scientific, Industrial, and Digital Photography Applications III CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE CCD; cosmic rays; high resistivity; fully depleted; astronomical; lick observatory; Lawrence berkeley National Laboratory ID ELECTRON-HOLE PAIR; SILICON; ENERGY AB The remarkable sensitivity of depleted silicon to ionizing radiation is a nuisance to astronomers. "Cosmic rays" degrade images because of struck pixels, leading to modified observing strategies and the development of algorithms to remove the unwanted artifacts. In the new-generation CCD's with thick sensitive regions, cosmic-ray unions make recognizable straight tracks and there is enhanced sensitivity to ambient gamma radiation via Compton-scattered electrons ("worms"). Beta emitters inside the dewar, for example high-potassium glasses such as BK7, also produce worm-like tracks. The cosmic-ray muon rate is irreducible and increases with altitude. The gamma rays are mostly by-products of 4 K decay and the U and Th decay chains; these elements commonly appear as traces in concrete and other materials. The Compton recoil event rate can be reduced significantly by the choice of materials in the environment and dewar and by careful shielding. Telescope domes appear to have significantly lower rates than basement laboratories and Coude spectrograph rooms. Radiation sources inside the dewar can be eliminated by judicious choice of materials. Cosmogenic activation during high-altitude flights does not appear to be a problem. Our conclusions are supported by tests at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory low-level counting facilities in Berkeley and at Oroville, California (180 m underground). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, AR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4409-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4669 BP 172 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.463423 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU77U UT WOS:000176994200020 ER PT S AU Kotter, DK Roybal, LG Polk, RE AF Kotter, DK Roybal, LG Polk, RE BE Carapezza, EM TI Detection and classification of concealed weapons using a magnetometer-based portal SO SENSORS, AND COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS AND INTELLIGENCE (C31) TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Defense and Law Enforcement CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE passive magnetic weapon detection; classification of concealed weapons; discrimination of threats and nonthreats; advanced signal processing; neural networks AB A concealed weapons detection technology was developed through the support of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to provide a non intrusive means for rapid detection, location, and archiving of data (including visual) of potential suspects and weapon threats. This technology, developed by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), has been applied in a portal style weapons detection system using passive magnetic sensors as its basis. This paper will report on enhancements to the weapon detection system to enable weapon classification and to discriminate threats from non-threats. Advanced signal processing algorithms were used to analyze the magnetic spectrum generated when a person passes through a portal. These algorithms analyzed multiple variables including variance in the magnetic signature from random weapon placement and/or orientation. They perform pattern recognition and calculate the probability that the collected magnetic signature correlates to a known database of weapon versus non-weapon responses. Neural networks were used to further discriminate weapon type and identify controlled electronic items such as cell phones and pagers. Analyzing the magnetic detector response by using a Joint Time Frequency Analysis digital signal processing technique further reduced false alarms. The frequency components and power spectrum for a given sensor response were derived. This unique fingerprint provided additional information to aid in signal analysis. This technology has the potential to produce major improvements in weapon detection and classification as a potential threat. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Kotter, DK (reprint author), INEEL, POB 1625,MS 3840, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4458-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4708 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.479303 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV28S UT WOS:000178459100018 ER PT J AU Paglieri, SN Way, JD AF Paglieri, SN Way, JD TI Innovations in palladium membrane research SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION METHODS LA English DT Review DE palladium membrane; membrane reactor; alloy; hydrogen diffusion ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; WATER-GAS SHIFT; SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOYS; ELECTROLESS PLATING TECHNIQUE; PD-AG MEMBRANES; METAL-HYDROGEN SYSTEMS; POROUS STAINLESS-STEEL; LIQUID-PHASE HYDROGENATION; SURFACE FLOW MEMBRANE; FUEL CLEANUP SYSTEM AB This review highlights various aspects of current palladium membrane research and serves as a comprehensive bibliography covering palladium membrane preparation methods and applications. There are many promising uses for palladium membranes, although widespread use of the available technologies is constrained primarily by the high cost of palladium, lack of durability due to hydrogen embrittlement, and susceptibility to fouling. Various researchers in the field are tackling these problems and fabricating thinner palladium alloy composite membranes that better withstand contaminantion and thermal cycling. What has been accomplished to address these issues and the directions presently being explored are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Paglieri, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1413 TC 401 Z9 413 U1 18 U2 157 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-2540 J9 SEPAR PURIF METHOD JI Sep. Purif. Methods PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 169 DI 10.1081/SPM-120006115 PG 169 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 581MJ UT WOS:000177295900001 ER PT J AU Barr, ME Jarvinen, GD Moody, EW Vaughn, R Silks, LA Bartsch, RA AF Barr, ME Jarvinen, GD Moody, EW Vaughn, R Silks, LA Bartsch, RA TI Plutonium(IV) sorption by soluble anion-exchange polymers SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR WASTE TREATMENT; NITRATE COMPLEXES; RESINS AB Soluble anion-exchange polymers have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to take up Pu(IV) from nitric acid solutions. These polymers, based on linear poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) are soluble in aqueous and strong acid solutions. Weak-base sites on the polymers are protonated under experimental conditions, and, in most cases, have been converted by alkylation to form mono- and bifunctional strong-base anion-exchange sites. Distribution of Pu(IV) onto these polymers was determined by comparing visible spectroscopic data in the presence and absence of the soluble polymer. Overall plutonium affinity for the anion-exchange sites in the soluble materials is found to be much lower than for comparable solid resins, but the distribution behavior follows similar trends in that bifunctionalized materials are superior to monofunctionalized and a five-atom "spacer" between the two cationic sites is superior to other spacer lengths. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Barr, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1065 EP 1078 DI 10.1081/SS-120002241 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 539EX UT WOS:000174858500005 ER PT J AU Herbst, RS Law, JD Todd, TA AF Herbst, RS Law, JD Todd, TA TI Integrated AMP-PAN, TRUEX, and SREX testing. 1. Extended flowsheet testing for separation of surrogate radionuclides from simulated acidic tank waste SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SORBENTS; REMOVAL AB Three unit operations for the removal of selected fission products, actinides, and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act metals (mercury and lead) were integrated successfully and tested at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) for extended run times with simulated acidic tank waste. The unit operations were ion exchange (IX) for Cs removal, followed by transuranic extraction (TRUEX) for Eu (actinide surrogate), Hg, and Re (Tc surrogate) removal, and subsequent strontium extraction (SREX) for Sr and Pb removal. Approximately 45 L of simulated acidic tank waste were processed through three IX columns, packed with composite ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) sorbent for Cs removal. The IX system was operated continuously for similar to34 hr at 22 bed volumes (BV) per hour through the first two columns, each sized at 60 cm(3) BV and operated to 100% breakthrough. The experimental breakthrough data were in excellent agreement with modeling predictions based on data obtained with much smaller (1.5 cm 3) columns. The third column (220 cm(3) BV) was used for polishing and Cs removal after break-through of the upstream columns. Cesium removal was >99.83% in the IX system and interference from other species was not observed. The IX effluent was processed through a TRUEX solvent extraction flowsheet to remove Eu (Am surrogate), Hg, and Re (Tc surrogate) from the simulated waste. The TRUEX flowsheet test was performed using 23 stages of 3.3 cm centrifugal contactors, operated a total of 71.3 hr, and processed similar to41 L of the IX effluent using 1.5 L of TRUEX solvent with constant solvent recycle. The TRUEX solvent was recycled through the flowsheet an estimated 17 times. Greater than 99.999% of the Eu, 96.3% of the Hg, and 56% of the Re were extracted from the simulated feed and recovered in the strip and wash streams. Over the course of the test, there was no detectable build-up of any components in the TRUEX solvent. The raffinate from the TRUEX test was processed subsequently through a SREX solvent extraction flowsheet to remove Sr, Pb, and Re (Tc surrogate) from the simulated waste. The SREX flowsheet test was performed using the same centrifugal contactors used in the TRUEX test after reconfiguration and the addition of three stages. Approximately 51 L of TRUEX raffinate was processed through the system during 77.9 hr of continuous operation with 1.5 L of SREX solvent and continuous solvent recycle. The SREX solvent was recycled through the system an estimated 45 times without measurable build-up of any components in the solvent. Approximately 99.9% of the Sr, >99.89% of the Pb, and >96.4% of the Re were extracted from the aqueous feed to the SREX flowsheet and recovered in the strip and wash sections. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Environm Res & Dev Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Herbst, RS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Environm Res & Dev Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016 OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1321 EP 1351 DI 10.1081/SS-120002614 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 548JT UT WOS:000175385400008 ER PT J AU Law, JD Herbst, RS Todd, TA AF Law, JD Herbst, RS Todd, TA TI Integrated AMP-PAN, TRUEX, and SREX testing. II. Flowsheet testing for separation of radionuclides from actual acidic radioactive waste SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Three separation processes for the removal of selected fission products, actinides, and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act metals (mercury and lead) have been integrated successfully and tested using actual acidic radioactive waste at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The separation processes integrated were ion exchange for Cs-137 removal, followed by TRUEX solvent extraction for actinide, Hg, and Tc-99 removal, and subsequent SREX solvent extraction for Sr-90 and Pb removal. A flowsheet comprising these three processes is being developed at the INEEL to reduce the activity of acidic tank waste to allow disposal, after immobilization, as an NRC Class A LLW. Approximately 1350 mL of actual INEEL tank waste was first processed through an ion exchange column for selective Cs removal. The column was packed with a composite ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) sorbent. The ion-exchange system was operated at 26 bed volumes per hour and was sized at a bed volume of 2 cm(3). A Cs-137 removal of 99.95% was obtained in the ion exchange system without notable interference from other species. The effluent from the ion-exchange (IX) system was stored and subsequently processed several weeks later through a TRUEX solvent extraction flowsheet to separate actinides, Hg, and Tc-99 from the tank waste. The TRUEX flowsheet test was performed utilizing 23 stages of 2.0-cm diameter centrifugal contactors. Removal efficiencies of 99.2%, 94.7%, and 63% were obtained for total alpha, Hg, and Tc-99, respectively. Operational problems such as flooding and/or precipitate formation were not observed during the TRUEX flowsheet test. The raffinate from the TRUEX test was stored and subsequently processed several weeks later through a SREX solvent extraction flowsheet to separate Sr-90 and Pb, from the tank waste. The SREX flowsheet test was performed using the same centrifugal contactors used in the TRUEX test after reconfiguration. Approximately 99.997% of the Sr-90 and 98% of the Pb were extracted with the SREX flowsheet and recovered in the strip and wash sections. In addition, approximately 93% of the remaining alpha activity was extracted and recovered in the strip section. Operational problems such as flooding and/or precipitation formation were not observed during the SREX test. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Environm Res & Dev Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Law, JD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Environm Res & Dev Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016; OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950; Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542 NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1353 EP 1373 DI 10.1081/SS-120002615 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 548JT UT WOS:000175385400009 ER PT J AU Herbst, RS Law, JD Todd, TA Romanovskii, VN Babain, VA Esimantovski, VM Zaitsev, BN Smirnov, IV AF Herbst, RS Law, JD Todd, TA Romanovskii, VN Babain, VA Esimantovski, VM Zaitsev, BN Smirnov, IV TI Development and testing of a cobalt dicarbollide based solvent extraction process for the separation of cesium and strontium from acidic tank waste SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROBENZENE AB A fission product solvent extraction technology for the simultaneous extraction of Cs and Sr from acidic tank waste has been developed as a collaborative effort of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and the Khlopin Radium Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia. The process is being developed as a potential method for treating the current five million liter inventory of acidic tank waste stored at the INEEL. The fission product extraction process is based on an immiscible organic phase comprised of chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide (CCD, Cs extractant) and polyethylene glycol (PEG, Sr extractant) dissolved in a poly-fluorinated sulfone diluent. Batch contact experiments and preliminary flowsheet testing were used to define potential solvent composition and flowsheet configuration. This information was used to specify an initial flowsheet for countercurrent testing with simulated tank waste using a 3.3-cm diameter centrifugal contactor pilot plant at the INEEL. The initial extractant composition was 0.08 M CCD, 0.6 vol% PEG-400 in a phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfone (FS-13) diluent. Approximately 1.5 L of solvent was used (with continuous recycle) to treat 43 L of simulated tank waste during 75 hr of continuous operation. Greater than 99.992% of the Sr and 97.45% of the Cs were extracted from the simulated tank waste and recovered in the strip product. The matrix components Ba (>99.6%), Pb (99.8%), and Ca (10.6%) were also extracted from the simulated tank waste and recovered in the strip product. Less than 1% of the K, Na, Fe, Zr, and Mo were extracted from the tank waste simulant. Finally, none of the analytically determined waste components were observed to build up in the organic solvent. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Environm Res & Dev Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. VG Khlopin Radium Inst, St Petersburg 197022, Russia. RP Herbst, RS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Environm Res & Dev Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016; OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950; Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1807 EP 1831 DI 10.1081/SS-120003045 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 559HD UT WOS:000176020000004 ER EF