FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Wilkes, KE Desjarlais, AO Stovall, TK McElroy, DL Childs, KW Miller, WA AF Wilkes, KE Desjarlais, AO Stovall, TK McElroy, DL Childs, KW Miller, WA BE Desjarlais, AO Zarr, RR TI A pip insulation test apparatus for use below room temperature SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, 4TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Insulation Materials CY OCT 21-22, 2002 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm C 16 DE pipe insulation; test apparatus; below room temperature AB (S)everal ASTM material standards for pipe insulations require thermal performance data for systems in which pipe surface temperatures are below room temperature. ASTM Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Horizontal Pipe Insulation (C 335) and ASTM Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe Insulation Installed Vertically (C 1033) are the only ASTM pipe insulation test methods, but these are used above room temperature. This paper describes proof-of-concept tests near room temperature on a new pipe insulation tester for evaluating pipe systems operating below room temperature. The pipe insulation test specimen is inside an electrically heated cylindrical screen which is guarded by a fluid-cooled copper shell with intervening insulation. The main heat flow is radially inward through the test specimen to a central fluid-cooled tube. By matching the temperature of the heater to that of the guard, unwanted radial heat flow to or from the screen heater is minimized. Assuming only inward radial heat flow, a preliminary combined uncertainty was estimated at about +/-0.8%. The new tester has yielded results on three types of pipe insulation: fiberglass, polyisocyanurate foam, and elastomeric foam. Results on the latter two types were compared with results on board specimens of similar materials using ASTM Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus (C 518). Finite difference thermal modeling using the HEATING7 program was performed to assess the potential for systematic errors due to deviation from purely radial heat flow. The modeling results showed this type of error to be less than 0.5% for the prototype tester. Modeling was also used to identify design parameters for future testers that would accommodate different pipe sizes and insulation thicknesses and would operate at other temperatures. Designs are in progress to allow use of the tester to pipe surface temperatures as low as -190 degreesC (-310 degreesF). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilkes, KE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2898-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1426 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1520/STP11016S PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BV51S UT WOS:000179203700016 ER PT S AU Stovall, TK Brzezinski, A AF Stovall, TK Brzezinski, A BE Desjarlais, AO Zarr, RR TI Vacuum insulation round robin to compare different methods of determining effective vacuum insulation panel thermal resistance SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, 4TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Insulation Materials CY OCT 21-22, 2002 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm C 16 DE vacuum insulation; evacuated insulation; insulation panels; thermal resistance; effective thermal resistance; round robin AB Around robin was initiated in February of 2000 to compare different methods of determining the effective thermal resistance of vacuum insulation panels. The outcome of this round robin was designed to provide support for the ASTM material specification and the development of a future ASTM test method. Four issues were identified and addressed: (1) calorimetric vs. center-of-panel/barrier conductivity approaches, (2) comparison of available finite difference/element models, (3) appropriate boundary conditions for all measurements/models, and (4) comparison of center-of-panel measurements to provide a preliminary precision estimate. Six conventional vacuum panels were constructed. All six shared the same dimensional configuration, the same core material, the same getter insert, and the same manufacturing techniques and equipment. Two different barrier materials (three panels from each) were used because barrier thermal conductivity is recognized as a key factor in the determination of effective thermal resistance for vacuum panels, and because the different methods used in this round robin comparison should be sensitive to the barrier thermal properties. The getters were included in these panels to help them remain stable throughout the duration of the round robin. Each of the nine participating laboratories measured the center-of-panel thermal resistivity of each of the six panels as described in the ASTM standard C1484-00 and reported those results along with pertinent information about their transducer(s) size and location. Several laboratories also calculated the whole-panel effective thermal resistance, using specified sets of boundary conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stovall, TK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2898-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1426 BP 314 EP 325 DI 10.1520/STP11021S PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BV51S UT WOS:000179203700021 ER PT S AU Stovall, TK Fabian, BA Nelson, GE Beatty, DR AF Stovall, TK Fabian, BA Nelson, GE Beatty, DR BE Desjarlais, AO Zarr, RR TI A comparison of accelerated aging test protocols for cellular foam insulation SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, 4TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Insulation Materials CY OCT 21-22, 2002 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm C 16 DE insulation; closed-cell foam; accelerated aging; diffusion; thermal conductivity; thermal resistance AB Both the ASTM Standard Test Method for Estimating the Long-Term Change in the Thermal Resistance of Unfaced Rigid Closed-Cell Plastic Foams by Slicing and Scaling Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions (C 1303) and the Standard for Determination of Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Thermal Insulating Foams (CAN/ULC-S 770) are based on accelerating the foam aging process by slicing the foam into thin specimens. This accelerates the diffusion process so that thermal conductivity for foam insulation of varying thickness can be determined in a short period of time, typically less than one year. The C 1303 process calls for a series of measurements to define a relationship between thermal conductivity and a scaled aging time which is then analyzed to calculate the time-average thermal conductivity over any given service He. The S 770 process also uses scaled aging time, but uses the projected thermal conductivity at precisely five years of age to represent the insulation's useful service value. There is also a difference in how the thermal results are reported. The S 770 protocol calls for very careful determination of the initial thermal resistivity of a full thickness board, to which an aging factor is applied to determine the five-year value. The C 1303 protocol calls for reporting both the average thermal resistance for the selected thickness and service life and the aging curve data from the thin specimens. During a round-robin exercise performed in support of the S 770 standard, parallel measurements were made on the same specimens to permit application of the C 1303 procedure. This paper presents the results of that comparison for several types of foam. This paper also gives more explicit instructions on the proper application of the C 1303 methodology than is found in that document. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stovall, TK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2898-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1426 BP 379 EP 391 DI 10.1520/STP11026S PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BV51S UT WOS:000179203700026 ER PT B AU Driessen, B AF Driessen, B BE Schiavone, P Constanda, C Mioduchowski, A TI Direct stiffness-modification route to linear consistency between incompatible finite element meshes SO INTEGRAL METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integral Methods in Science and Engineering CY 2000 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Pacific Inst Math Sci, Canadian Hunter Explorat Ltd, Grant MacEwan Comm Coll, Transfer Program, MacLab Enterprises, Univ Alberta, Fac Engn, Univ Alberta, Fac Sci C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Driessen, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0847, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 0-8176-4213-7 PY 2002 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Mathematics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BU39R UT WOS:000175883400012 ER PT J AU Astafiev, K Sherman, V Tagantsev, A Setter, N Rivkin, T Ginley, D AF Astafiev, K Sherman, V Tagantsev, A Setter, N Rivkin, T Ginley, D TI Investigation of electrical degradation effects in ferroelectric thin film based tunable microwave components SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics/13th IEEE Int Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics/19th Meeting on Ferroelectric Mat and their Applicat CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN DE ferroelectric films; nonlinearity; microwave; degradation effects; tunable devices ID DEVICES; PLANAR AB The impact of electrical stressing on the microwave performance of the SrTiO3 films deposited onto different substrates (MgO and LaAlO3) by pulsed laser deposition has been investigated. The most important characteristics of the tunable microwave components like tunability and loss tangent have been monitored. It has been found that electrical degradation effects, being sensitive to the device operating conditions and ferroelectric film properties, are large enough to affect the performance of ferroelectric-based tunable microwave devices within the expected operating time. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Ceram Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Astafiev, K (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Ceram Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Tagantsev, Alexander/E-3707-2010 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2002 VL 49 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1080/10584580290171810 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 625TC UT WOS:000179830800013 ER PT J AU Auciello, O Dhote, AM Ramesh, R Liu, BT Aggarwal, S Mueller, AH Suvarova, NA Irene, EA AF Auciello, O Dhote, AM Ramesh, R Liu, BT Aggarwal, S Mueller, AH Suvarova, NA Irene, EA TI Development of materials integration strategies for electroceramic film-based devices via complementary in situ and ex situ studies of film growth and interface processes SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics/13th IEEE Int Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics/19th Meeting on Ferroelectric Mat and their Applicat CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN DE diffusion barrier; PZT and BST films; interfaces; materials integration; ferroelectric memories; high frequency devices ID IN-SITU; LAYER AB We review our studies of film growth and interface processes performed using complementary in situ and ex situ characterization techniques that provide valuable information critical to the development of materials integration strategies for the fabrication of electroceramic film-based devices. Specifically, we review our work performed using in situ time-of-flight ion scattering and recoil spectroscopy (TOF-ISARS)/X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS)/spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), in conjunction with ex situ TEM and other techniques to study film growth and interface processes critical to the fabrication of non-volatile ferroelectric memories (NVFRAMs), dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), and high frequency devices based on high-K thin films. TOF-ISARS involves three distinct but closely related experimental methods, namely: ion scattering spectroscopy, direct recoil spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy of recoiled ions, which provide monolayer-specific information on film growth and surface segregation processes. Spectroscopic Ellipsometry enables investigation of buried interfaces. XPS provides valuable information on the chemistry of surface and interfaces. Specifically, we discuss: a) studies of oxidation of Ti-Al layers and synthesis and properties of La0.5Sr0.5CoO9/Ti-Al heterostructured layers for integration of PZT capacitors with Si substrates, and b) studies of BaSrxTi1-xO3 layer integration with Si substrates relevant to DRAMs, high frequency devices and high-K gate oxides for integrated circuits. This review shows the power of combined in situ/ex situ analytical techniques to provide valuable information for material integration strategies for electroceramic thin film-based devices. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2002 VL 46 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1080/10584580190044434 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 625RG UT WOS:000179828900032 ER PT J AU Jia, QX Groves, JR Arendt, PN Lu, P Miranda, FA AF Jia, QX Groves, JR Arendt, PN Lu, P Miranda, FA TI Monolithic integration of superconducting YBCO and dielectric SrTiO3 films on polycrystalline ferrites SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Ferroelectric Workshop (FWPR-2001) CY JUN 01-02, 2001 CL SAN JUAN, PR DE ferrites; high-temperature superconductors; SrTiO3; thin films ID YTTRIUM-IRON-GARNET AB Monolithic integration of high-temperature superconducting YBCO and nonlinear dielectric SrTiO3 films on polycrystalline yttrium-irongarnet (YIG) substrates represents an advance of great technical significance for dual-tuning (both electrically and magnetically) microwave components. We have solved the problems of crystallographic incompatibility among these materials and the lack of a template for epitaxial growth of SrTiO3 and YBCO films on polycrystalline substrate. Using a template of biaxially oriented MgO, deposited by an ion-beam-assisted-deposition technique, we have produced device quality SrTiO3 and YBCO films on polycrystalline YIG substrates. Both SrTiO3 and YBCO films were c-axis oriented with an in-plane mosaic spread of 7degrees full width at half-maximum (FWHM) for SrTiO3 and less than 7degrees FWHM for YBCO. The YBCO films had transition temperatures above 87 K. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2002 VL 42 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 562JD UT WOS:000176192900007 ER PT J AU Choosuwan, H Guo, R Bhalla, AS Balachandran, U AF Choosuwan, H Guo, R Bhalla, AS Balachandran, U TI Growth and dielectric behavior of Nb2O5 (1-x): XTiO2 single crystals SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Ferroelectric Workshop (FWPR-2001) CY JUN 01-02, 2001 CL SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO DE Nb2O5-TiO2; dielectric properties; dielectric relaxation; single crystal; LHPG AB This paper reports recent progress in growing Nb2O5(1-x):xTiO(2), z=0.05, 0.08, 0.11 single crystal using the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. The growth conditions such as molten zone temperature, the seed and feed pulling rate were adjusted for each composition. XRD was performed to study their crystal structures. Temperature dependence of dielectric constant and loss tangent were measured over broad frequency range (1 KHz-1 MHz). The pure Nb2O5 single crystal was also grown and was measured the dielectric properties to be the reference data. All three compositions exhibit the dielectric relaxation type. The relaxation mechanism of dielectric loss analyzed by Arrhenius law and Vogel-Fucher relation has been demonstrated in the single crystal at composition x=0.05. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Choosuwan, H (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2002 VL 42 BP 405 EP 418 DI 10.1080/10584580210852 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 562JD UT WOS:000176192900031 ER PT S AU Chan, JW Huser, TR Risbud, SH Krol, DM AF Chan, JW Huser, TR Risbud, SH Krol, DM BE Sidorin, YS Tervonen, A TI Waveguide fabrication in fused silica using tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies VI CY FEB 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE femtosecond lasers; fused silica; laser microfabrication; optical device fabrication; confocal microscopy ID TRANSPARENT MATERIALS; GLASS; SIO2 AB Refractive index changes have been induced inside bulk fused silica by using femtosecond (fs) laser pulses tightly focused inside the material. Waveguides have been fabricated inside the glass by scanning the glass with respect to the focal point of the laser beam. The refractive index change is estimated to be similar to10(-4). Other more complex three-dimensional structures have also been fabricated (curved waveguides, splitters, and interferometers). We also report on fluorescence spectroscopy of the fs-modified fused silica using a confocal microscopy setup. Using a 488 nm excitation source, a fluorescence at 630 nm is observed from the modified glass, which is attributed to the presence of non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) defects created by the fs pulses. The fluorescence decays with prolonged exposure to the 488 nm light, indicating that the defects are being photobleached by the excitation light. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chan, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4379-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4640 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.431872 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BU94S UT WOS:000177443600017 ER PT S AU Thamboon, P Krol, DM AF Thamboon, P Krol, DM BE Sidorin, YS Tervonen, A TI Second order optical nonlinearities in thermally poled phosphate glasses SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies VI CY FEB 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE thermal poling; frequency doubling; phosphate glasses ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; 2ND-ORDER NONLINEARITY; FUSED-SILICA; MAKER FRINGES AB Second order optical nonlinearities were induced in commercial phosphate glasses (Schott, IOG-1) by the thermal poling technique. The induced chi((2)) was measured via second harmonic generation using a fundamental beam from a 1064 run mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. The nonlinear regions were characterized using the Maker-Fringe technique, in which the second harmonic signals were observed as a function of incident angle of the fundamental beam. The results show that the chi((2)) profile has contributions from two distinct regions: a near-anodic surface region and a bulk. We have modeled the induced profile to fit our experimental results. The dependence of the induced nonlinearity on applied poling fields, temperatures and poling time is discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Thamboon, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4379-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4640 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1117/12.431590 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BU94S UT WOS:000177443600021 ER PT S AU Huber, MJ Kumar, S Cohen, PR McGee, DR AF Huber, MJ Kumar, S Cohen, PR McGee, DR BE Meyer, JJC Tambe, M TI A formal semantics for ProxyCommunicative acts SO INTELLIGENT AGENTS VIII: AGENT THEORIES, ARCHITECTURES, AND LANGUAGES SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Language (ATAL 2001) CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA AB Mediation services are becoming increasingly important in multiagent systems. An agent that can act on behalf of another agent is one important example of mediation functionality commonly required. Within this paper, we define and analyze PROXY and PROXY-WEAK communicative acts that formally specify semantics for interacting with middle agents that provide proxy services. These two communicative acts are shown to have a distinctly different impact upon the mental state of the agents involved and impose significantly different levels of commitment upon the middle agents. C1 Oregon Grad Inst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Oregon Grad Inst, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM marcush@cse.ogi.edu; skumar@cse.ogi.edu; pcohen@cse.ogi.edu; david.mcgee@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43858-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2002 VL 2333 BP 221 EP 234 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BV72Q UT WOS:000179912200016 ER PT S AU Busch, GE Hewitt, CJ Remelius, DK Shimada, T Thompson, DC AF Busch, GE Hewitt, CJ Remelius, DK Shimada, T Thompson, DC BE Taresenko, VF Mayer, GV Petrash, GG TI Development of CO2 waveguide lasers and laser technology for remote sensing SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PULSED LASERS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Pulsed Lasers IV CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL TOMSK, RUSSIA SP Inst Atmospher Opt, Inst High Current Electr, Tomsk State Univ, Siberian Phys-Tech Inst, P N Levedev Phys Inst, Gen Phys Inst, SPIE, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Minist Educ, Secondary Educ Tomsk Reg Adm, Surgut State Univ AB We have developed rapidly tuned RF-pumped CO2 waveguide laser transmitters for remote sensing in the 9-11 mum spectral range. The small size, high power and efficiency, and tunability of these lasers offer significant advantages over other laser sources in this spectral region. Employing acousto-optic modulators to achieve random-access tuning at pulse rates up to 100 kHz permits rapid gathering of data on time scales short compared to times for change in atmospheric turbulence and absorption effects, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratios that can be achieved. Laser system design and performance characteristics of present systems are described, along with proposed concepts to increase optical bandwidths and extend the tuning range to cover the full long-wave atmospheric transmission window from 8-12 mum. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Busch, GE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4509-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4747 BP 308 EP 317 DI 10.1117/12.460137 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU46W UT WOS:000176068900043 ER PT B AU Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Hash, GL AF Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Hash, GL GP ELECTRONIC DEVICES SOCIETY OF IEEE ELECTRONIC DEVICES SOCIETY OF IEEE TI Neutron-induced soft errors, latchup, and comparison of SER test methods for SRAM technologies SO INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES 2002 MEETING, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc AB In this work we compare neutron-induced soft error rates (SER) and latchup in SRAMs from a variety of manufacturers. SER is found to vary widely between different vendors and technology generations, and some SRAMs show extreme sensitivity to neutron-induced latchup. Continuous spectrum neutron and monoenergetic proton accelerated soft error rate test methods are compared. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dodd, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7462-2 PY 2002 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BX39L UT WOS:000185143400076 ER PT B AU Greenbaum, E Humayun, MS Kuritz, T Lee, JW Sanders, CA Bruce, B Lee, I AF Greenbaum, E Humayun, MS Kuritz, T Lee, JW Sanders, CA Bruce, B Lee, I GP ELECTRONIC DEVICES SOCIETY OF IEEE ELECTRONIC DEVICES SOCIETY OF IEEE TI Biomolecular optoelectronic devices and their application to artificial sight SO INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES 2002 MEETING, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting CY DEC 08-11, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc DE artificial sight; photosynthesis; reaction centers AB Using the technique of Kelvin force microscopy, we have performed the first measurements of photovoltages from single photosynthetic reaction centers [1]. The measured values, typically 1 V or more, are sufficiently large to trigger a neural response. The goal of this project is insertion of purified Photosystem I (PSI) reaction centers or other photoactive agents into retinal cells where they will restore photoreceptor function to people who suffer from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or retinitis pigmentosa (RP), diseases that are the leading causes of blindness world-wide. Although the neural wiring from eye to brain is intact, these patients lack photoreceptor activity. It is the ultimate goal of this proposal to restore photoreceptor activity to these patients using PSI as the optical trigger. In principle, the approach should work. PSI is a robust integral membrane molecular photovoltaic device. Depending on orientation, it can depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell membrane with sufficient voltage to trigger an action potential. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Greenbaum, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7462-2 PY 2002 BP 496 EP 498 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BX39L UT WOS:000185143400114 ER PT J AU Hedges, SW Pennline, HW AF Hedges, SW Pennline, HW TI Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide over copper oxide and cerium oxide catalysts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE nitrogen monoxide; selective reduction; propane; copper oxide; cerium oxide; alumina ID ALUMINA SORBENT-CATALYST; NITROGEN-OXIDES; FLUE-GAS; OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE; ACTIVE-SITES; EXCHANGED ZSM-5; NO REDUCTION; REMOVAL; HYDROCARBONS; SIMULATION AB The selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with hydrocarbons in an oxygen-containing simulated flue gas has been investigated for a series of copper oxide and cerium oxide alumina supported catalysts at 600 775 K. The activity of these catalysts for the reduction of NO by methane or propane has been investigated in simulated flue gas. The effects of sulphates on the catalyst, and of water vapour and/ or gaseous sulphur dioxide have been examined for both the SCR of NOx by propane and direct decomposition of NO. Both copper sulphate on alumina and cerium sulphate on alumina are substantially less active for propane SCR than the respective oxides. Both catalyst types are reversibly inhibited by the presence of water vapour. The effect of sulphur dioxide in the gas stream appears to be only mildly inhibiting, but since the optimum temperature range for propane reduction of NO is the same as the optimum temperature range for SO2 absorption, the CuO/Al2O3 sorbent/catalyst will quickly become sulphated, even at low flue gas SO2 concentrations. Methane was also examined as a reductant, and neither copper oxide/ alumina nor cerium oxide/alumina is active for selective catalytic reduction of NO, with methane up to 775 K. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Hedges, SW (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 44 EP 65 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556HY UT WOS:000175844400004 ER PT J AU Feeley, TJ Mayne, AE Plasynski, SI AF Feeley, TJ Mayne, AE Plasynski, SI TI The US Department of Energy's NOx control technology R&D programme for existing power plants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has established a set of national priorities through its Strategic Plan that includes the goal to promote secure, competitive. and environmentally responsible energy systems that serve the needs of the public. The Innovations for Existing Plants (formerly the Advanced Research and Environmental Technologies) programme, managed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), develops advanced environmental control technologies for coal-based power systems. The programme also provides high-quality scientific information on present and emerging environmental issues or use in regulatory and policy decision-making. An important component of the programme is the research and development of advanced nitrogen oxide (NOx) control technologies. This effort is focused primarily on systems capable of controlling NOx emissions to a level at or below 0.15 lb/million Btu at a cost significantly lower than state-of-the-art technology. The programme ill also provide an improved understanding of the impact of these advanced technologies on related issues such as unburned carbon, waterwall wastage, and mercury speciation and capture. The research is driven by continuing pressure for further reductions in NOx emissions from coal-fired utility boilers to address ground-level ozone and other environmental considerations including ambient fine particulates, visibility, cutrophication, and climate change. NETL is currently managing a portfolio of NOx control technology R&D projects ranging from laboratory studies to modelling to full-scale demonstration. This paper will provide an update on the status of these projects covering ultra-low-NOx burners, advanced reburning, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), methane de-NOx, and enhanced-oxygen combustion. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Feeley, TJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 81 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556HY UT WOS:000175844400005 ER PT J AU Aroutiounian, VM Arakelyan, VM Shahnazaryan, GE Stepanyan, GM Turner, JA Khaselev, O AF Aroutiounian, VM Arakelyan, VM Shahnazaryan, GE Stepanyan, GM Turner, JA Khaselev, O TI Investigation of ceramic Fe2O3 < Ta > photoelectrodes for solar energy photoelectrochemical converters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of a polycrystalline semiconductor photoelectrode, Fe2O3 (Ta), was carried out. The analysis of the frequency dispersion of the real and imaginary parts of the complex impedance allowed us to obtain an equivalent circuit for the electrochemical cell. The capacitance of the space-charge layer in the semiconductor electrode was isolated, and the limiting step of the electrode process was determined. Measurements of the temperature dependencies of the electroconductivity were used to determine the activation energy for the mobility of the charge carriers. A pair of simultaneously illuminated n-Fe2O3(Ta) and p-Cu2O photo electrodes were shown to split water spontaneously. (C) 2001 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Yerevan State Univ, Yerevan 375049, Armenia. RP Turner, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 NR 9 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(01)00085-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 502JF UT WOS:000172739900005 ER PT J AU Lehman, SK AF Lehman, SK TI Superresolution planar diffraction tomography through evanescent fields SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INVERSE SCATTERING; ALGORITHM AB We consider the problem of noninvasively locating objects buried in a layered medium such as land mines in the ground or objects concealed in a wall. In such environments, the transmitter(s), and receiver(s) are frequently within the near-field region of the illuminating radiation. In these cases, the scattered evanescent field, carries useful information on the scattering object. Conventional diffraction tomography techniques neglect, by their design, the evanescent field. Under near-field conditions, they treat it as noise as opposed to valid data. If correctly incorporated into a reconstruction algorithm, the evanescent field, which carries high spatial frequency information, can be used to achieve resolution beyond the classical limit of lambda/2, or "superresolution." We build on the generalized holography theory presented by Langenberg to develop a planar diffraction tomography algorithm that incorporates evanescent field information to achieve superresolution. Our theory is based on a generalization of the Fourier transform, which allows for complex spatial frequencies in a manner similar to the Laplace transform. We specialize our model to the case of a two-dimensional multimonostatic, wideband. imaging system, and derive an extended resolution reconstruction procedure,. We implement and apply our reconstruction to, two data sets collected using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Micropower Impulse Radar (MIR). (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lehman, SK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-9457 J9 INT J IMAG SYST TECH JI Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.1002/ima.10006 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 514LC UT WOS:000173439900003 ER PT J AU Fang, ZW Mammoli, AA Brady, JF Ingber, MS Mondy, LA Graham, AL AF Fang, ZW Mammoli, AA Brady, JF Ingber, MS Mondy, LA Graham, AL TI Flow-aligned tensor models for suspension flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-DRIVEN FLOW; INDUCED PARTICLE MIGRATION; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; SHEARED SUSPENSIONS; DYNAMIC SIMULATION; STOKESIAN DYNAMICS; SELF-DIFFUSION; CHANNEL FLOW; COUETTE AB Models to describe the transport of particles in suspension flows have progressed considerably during the last decade. In one class of models, designated as suspension balance models, the stress in the particle phase is described by a constitutive equation, and particle transport is driven by gradients in this stress. In another class of models, designated as diffusive flux models, the motion of particles within the suspension is described through a diffusion equation based on shear rate and effective viscosity gradients. Original implementations of both classes of models lacked a complete description of the anisotropy of the particle interactions. Because of this, the prediction of particle concentration in torsional flows in parallel plate and cone-and-plate geometries did not match experimental data for either class of models. In this work, the normal stress differences for the suspension balance formulation are modeled using a frame-invariant flow-aligned tensor. By analogy, the diffusive flux model is reformulated using the same flow-aligned tensor, which allows separate scaling arguments for the magnitude of the diffusive flux to be implemented in the three principal directions of flow, Using these flow-aligned tensor formulations, the main shortcomings of the original models are eliminated in a unified manner. Steady-state and transient simulations are performed on various one-dimensional and two-dimensional flows for which experimental data are available, using finite-difference and finite-element schemes, respectively. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data for consistent sets of empirical constants, without the need for ad hoe additional terms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Mammoli, AA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 36 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD JAN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 137 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0301-9322(01)00055-6 PG 30 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 506FR UT WOS:000172959600008 ER PT J AU Lodewyckx, C Mergeay, M Vangronsveld, J Clijsters, H Van Der Lelie, D AF Lodewyckx, C Mergeay, M Vangronsveld, J Clijsters, H Van Der Lelie, D TI Isolation, characterization, and identification of bacteria associated with the zinc hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens subsp calaminaria SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE plant-associated bacteria; Thlaspi caerulescens; heavy-metal resistance ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS CH34; HEAVY-METALS; IRON UPTAKE; SOIL; ABSORPTION; SIDEROPHORE; RHIZOSPHERE; RESISTANCE; PLANT; ZN AB We investigated bacterial populations associated with the Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens subsp. calaminaria grown in a soil collected from an abandoned Zn-Pb mine and smelter in Plombieres, Belgium. The bacterial population of the nonrhizospheric soil consisted of typical soil bacteria, some exhibiting multiple heavy-metal resistance characteristics that often are associated with polluted substrates: 7.8% and 4% of the population survived in the presence of elevated levels of Zn (1 mM) and Cd (0.8 mM), respectively. For the bacterial population isolated from the rhizosphere, the comparable survival rates were 88 and 78%. This observation indicates a selective enrichment of the metal-resistant strains due to an increased availability of the metals in soils near the roots compared with nonthizospheric soil. The endophytic inhabitants of the roots and shoots were isolated, identified, and characterized. Although similar endophytic species were isolated from both compartments, those from the rhizoplane and roots showed lower resistance to Zn and Cd than the endophytic bacteria isolated from the shoots. In addition, root endophytic bacteria had additional requirements. Contrary to the rootresiding inhabitants, the shoot represented a niche rich in metal-resistant bacteria and even seemed to contain species that were exclusively abundant there. These differences in the characteristics of the bacterial microflora associated with T. caerulescens might possibly reflect altered metal speciation in the different soils and plant compartments studied. C1 Limburgs Univ Ctr, Dept SBG, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Environm Technol, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RP Van Der Lelie, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Mergeay, Max/H-2003-2011 NR 33 TC 50 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 19 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1080/15226510208500076 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 626RW UT WOS:000179887900003 PM 12655804 ER PT J AU Krauter, PW AF Krauter, PW TI Using a wetland bioreactor to remediate ground water contaminated with nitrate (mg/L) and perchlorate (mu g/L) (vol 3, pg 415, 2001) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Correction C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krauter, PW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 626RW UT WOS:000179887900008 ER PT J AU Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Whittenberger, JD Sherby, OD AF Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Whittenberger, JD Sherby, OD TI Flow stresses in metal laminates and pure metals during high temperature extrusion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE thermomechanical processing; extrusion; layered material; coefficient of friction; constitutive behavior; creep; strengthening mechanisms ID ULTRAHIGH-CARBON-STEELS; STRAIN-RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOYS; INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; STAINLESS-STEEL; CREEP; AL; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE AB The flow stresses developed during elevated temperature extrusion in laminated metal composites are analyzed. The laminates consist either of ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCSs) or NiAl jacketed in a mild steel can. Flow stresses in the individual components of the laminate were determined by utilizing an isostrain model and by establishing the true coefficient of friction during extrusion. The average coefficient of friction was found equal to about 0.38 for UHCSs and 0.32 for NiAl. The results reveal that plastic flow of the UHCSs is a diffusion-controlled dislocation creep process. An increase in carbon content leads to a decrease in the flow stress because iron atom mobility is increased. An increase in substitutional solid solution alloy additions leads to an increase in the flow stress because of a decrease in the stacking fault energy. The influence of strain rate sensitivity of each component on the extrusion of laminated composites is modeled. It is shown that striking differences in extrusion response are achieved by altering the volume fraction and strain rate sensitivity of the component materials. The analysis of extrusion is extended to interpret Pearson and Smythe's 1931 data on extrusion of lead, tin and cadmium. These data are also shown to be well characterized by a diffusion-controlled dislocation creep process. Coefficients of friction for extrusion were determined for these three metals. These results, together with those for the UHCSs and NiAl, indicate that the friction coefficient is a function of the flow stress of the metal during extrusion, increasing in value as the flow stress decreases. It is proposed that this trend is principally related to microstructural changes that are unique to the process of extrusion. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Syn, CK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 155 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(00)00074-7 PG 30 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 521EL UT WOS:000173826200002 ER PT J AU Horstemeyer, MF Baskes, MI Godfrey, A Hughes, DA AF Horstemeyer, MF Baskes, MI Godfrey, A Hughes, DA TI A large deformation atomistic study examining crystal orientation effects on the stress-strain relationship SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE finite strain; molecular dynamics; crystal orientation; dislocations; constitutive behavior ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; POLYCRYSTAL ELASTOVISCOPLASTICITY; LATTICE-DEFECTS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TEXTURE; NICKEL; SIMULATIONS; HYDROGEN; TORSION; SYSTEMS AB We performed large deformation molecular dynamics calculations using the embedded atom method in order to examine yield and plastic flow of single crystal nickel. A parametric study using an analysis of variance technique was used to efficiently determine the influence of the deformation path, temperature, size scale, strain rate, and crystal lattice orientation with respect to yield and the plastic energy. The analysis of variance study revealed that orientation had a primary influence on the volume averaged shear stress, demonstrating the continued importance of slip within the crystal lattice for small sized metals and high applied strain rates. Consequently, other orientations were examined with a focus on averaged shear stress, axial stresses, and stress distributions. Results are presented for crystals oriented for single, double, quadruple, and octal slip, as well as a pseudopolycrystal. One last interesting point is that orientation effects on the stress-strain curves could be only approximately normalized by application of the Schmid factor. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Horstemeyer, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Godfrey, Andrew/G-4458-2010; OI Godfrey, Andrew/0000-0002-5496-0424; Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 51 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 203 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(00)00076-0 PG 27 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 521EL UT WOS:000173826200004 ER PT J AU Taylor, MB Zbib, HM Khaleel, MA AF Taylor, MB Zbib, HM Khaleel, MA TI Damage and size effect during superplastic deformation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE ductility; voids and inclusions; constitutive behavior; viscoplastic material; finite elements ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; STRAIN GRADIENTS; CAVITY GROWTH; VOID GROWTH; DUCTILITY; FRACTURE; ALLOY; CREEP; MODEL; FLOW AB Superplastic forming is a valuable metal working technique because of the extreme ductility that can be achieved. However, it is limited in application due to the presence of small voids that grow and coalesce during the forming process, often causing premature failure. In order to understand and control this phenomenon accurate constitutive models must be developed which account for void parameters that affect the macroscopic behavior of the material. This paper looks specifically at the effect of void size and spacing on the ductility and flow stress of viscoplastic materials. Based on the gradient-dependent theory of plasticity, a model is proposed that accounts for size effects by incorporating strain gradient terms into a continuum based constitutive equation, Both experimental testing and finite element (FE) modeling were performed on Pb-Sn, tensile specimens with small holes drilled in them in random patterns. The experimental tests indicate that a decrease in void size results in an increase in ductility. The FE results demonstrate that the gradient terms strengthen the material by diffusing the strain in areas of high strain concentration and delay failure by slowing void growth. In addition, the model predicted an increase in ductility and flow stress with decreasing void size. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zbib, HM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 37 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 415 EP 442 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(00)00106-6 PG 28 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 525YF UT WOS:000174101100007 ER PT J AU Zbib, HM de la Rubia, TD AF Zbib, HM de la Rubia, TD TI A multiscale model of plasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE dislocations, dynamics; elastic-viscoplastic materials ID DISLOCATION DYNAMICS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; METALS; SLIP; MESOSCALE; STRESS; SIZE AB A framework for investigating size-dependent small-scale plasticity phenomena and related material instabilities at various length scales ranging from the nano-microscale to the meso-scale is presented. The model is based on fundamental physical laws that govern dislocation motion and their interaction with various defects and interfaces. Particularly, the multi-scale framework merges two scales, the nano-microscale where plasticity is determined by explicit three-dimensional dislocation dynamics analysis providing the material length-scale, and the continuum scale where energy transport is based on basic continuum mechanics laws. The result is a hybrid elasto-viscoplastic simulation model coupling discrete dislocation dynamics with finite element analyses. With this hybrid approach, one can address complex size-dependent problems including, dislocation boundaries, dislocations in heterogeneous structures, dislocation interaction with interfaces and associated shape changes and lattice rotations, as well as deformation in nano-structured materials, localized deformation and shear bands. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zbib, HM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 52 TC 173 Z9 177 U1 8 U2 144 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1133 EP 1163 AR PII S0749-6419(01)00044-4 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(01)00044-4 PG 31 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 576YC UT WOS:000177033900001 ER PT J AU Yano, K Horie, Y AF Yano, K Horie, Y TI Mesomechanics of the alpha-epsilon transition in iron SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Plasticity CY JUL 17-21, 2000 CL WHISTLER, CANADA DE phase transformation; shock waves; polycrystalline material; discrete element method ID CONTINUUM THERMOMECHANICAL THEORY; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; HCP-IRON; TEMPERATURE; PLASTICITY; EXAMPLES; TRIP AB The high pressure alpha-epsilon transition in iron is investigated by use of a two dimensional discrete element method. Special attention is focused on mesomechanics at the grain level. Anisotropic structure is simulated by a random distribution of packing orientation. Thermo-dynamic variables such as temperature and Gibbs free energy are treated as internal degrees of freedom of individual elements. The dynamics of the transition is described by the first and second order kinetics having a constant activation energy. The study shows that global metastability arises as a result of nonequilibrium fields caused by the crystal anisotropy and grain boundary effects. Calculated hysteresis under quasi-static conditions are in good agreement with diamond anvil tests. Calculations of the shock-induced transition confirms an earlier suggestion, based on continuum modeling, that the transition relaxes toward the static metastable state. Results also show that the kinetics at the grain level is different from that speculated through use of macroscopic measurements. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yano, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kyano@lanl.gov NR 36 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1427 EP 1446 AR PII S0749-6419(02)00024-4 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(02)00024-4 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 598MJ UT WOS:000178279800002 ER PT J AU Kelley, SS Filley, J Greenberg, AR Peterson, R Krantz, WB AF Kelley, SS Filley, J Greenberg, AR Peterson, R Krantz, WB TI Chemical modification of cellulose acetate with titanium isopropoxide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE cellulose acetate; titanium isoproxide; organic/inorganic hybrid ID GLASS-TRANSITION; HYBRIDS AB This study describes the chemical modification of cellulose acetate (CA) using titanium isopropoxide (TiP) in a sol-gel process for the formation of an organic/inorganic hybrid (OIH) material. The hydrolysis and condensation reactions that characterize this process result in CA cross-linking and formation of inorganic oxide particles. TiP-modified CA gels and membrane materials are characterized by solubility and swelling measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry. Whereas the solubility of the CA significantly decreased with increasing TiP exposure consistent with high levels of cross-linking, unambiguous spectroscopic evidence for cross-linking could not be determined. In addition, DSC measurements indicated no significant change in CA glass-transition temperature as a function of TiP exposure. On the other hand, TiP treatment dramatically improved the creep behavior of treated porous CA membranes, whereby the total compressive strain decreases by as much as 70% relative to the untreated materials. Overall, the results suggest that TiP treatment can be used as a post-fabrication processing step to create OIH-modified CA membranes with improved chemical and mechanical stability. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Univ Cooperat Res Ctr Membrane Appl Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn & Ind, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krantz, William/H-2291-2014 OI Krantz, William/0000-0002-3839-3968 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1023-666X J9 INT J POLYM ANAL CH JI Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 180 DI 10.1080/10236660214595 PG 19 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 561CB UT WOS:000176118000011 ER PT J AU DiStefano, JR McCoy, HE AF DiStefano, JR McCoy, HE TI Mechanical properties of T-111 at low to intermediate temperatures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The overall objective of this study was to determine allowable design stresses for the solid-solution-strengthened alloy T-111 (Ta-8W-2Hf) to be used in a space power application at 300-650 degreesC. Tensile tests were conducted from 25 to 1100 degreesC and creep tests were conducted from 500 to 1171 degreesC. The allowable long-term stress intensity for T-111 was found to be about 180 MPa up to 850 degreesC; at higher temperatures the allowable stress intensity must be reduced because of creep. However, a single creep mechanism cannot predict creep rate over the entire temperature range of this study. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP DiStefano, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 381 EP 387 AR PII S0263-4368(02)00025-2 DI 10.1016/S0263-4368(02)00025-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 628GY UT WOS:000179986000004 ER PT J AU Young, DJ Boser, BE Malba, V Bernhardt, AF AF Young, DJ Boser, BE Malba, V Bernhardt, AF TI A micromachined RF low phase noise voltage-controlled oscillator for wireless communications (vol 11, pg 285, 2001) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Young, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1096-4290 J9 INT J RF MICROW C E JI Int. J. RF Microw. Comput-Aid. Eng. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 140 EP 140 DI 10.1002/mmce.10029 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 501UY UT WOS:000172705500013 ER PT J AU Yow, JL Hunt, JR AF Yow, JL Hunt, JR TI Coupled processes in rock mass performance with emphasis on nuclear waste isolation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID KAMAISHI MINE EXPERIMENT; FRACTURED ROCK; BEHAVIOR; REPOSITORY; SIMULATION; BENTONITE; FLOW AB Driven by the needs of engineered underground systems, the field of rock mechanics is evolving to address the interactions of in situ mechanical, thermal, hydrologic, and chemical processes and their effects on system performance. Important technical issues include understanding how the relevant loads and gradients drive in situ processes; rock mass variability, discontinuity, and heterogeneity; process and parameter scale dependence; and the degree of coupling between processes. Major challenges include scaling information from short-duration laboratory tests up to long-term, full-scale system performance and the lack of experimental investigations or simulations of fully coupled thermal-mechanical-hydrologic-chemical behavior. Technical trends and opportunities that may benefit rock engineering include applied research in reactive geochemistry, information technology for measurement systems, and modeling and monitoring combined in an observational method to improve system performance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yow, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 AR PII S1365-1609(02)00009-6 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00009-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 565XR UT WOS:000176395600001 ER PT J AU Reedy, ED Guess, TR AF Reedy, ED Guess, TR TI Nucleation and propagation of an edge crack in a uniformly cooled epoxy/glass bimaterial SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE corner; cracking; edge; epoxy; fracture; glass; interface; stress singularity; stress intensity factor ID BONDED DISSIMILAR MATERIALS; STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR; INTERFACE CORNER; SURFACE TRACTIONS; THIN-FILMS; FRACTURE; SINGULARITIES; DECOHESION; PREDICTION; WEDGES AB An epoxy/glass bimaterial beam test configuration has been used to study cooling-induced crack nucleation and propagation. This effort extends a nucleation criterion, previously applied to tensile-loaded, adhesively bonded butt joints, to another geometry and type of loading. Loading by thermally induced straining complicates the application of a nucleation criterion based upon parameters defining the asymptotic stress fields at the interface edge (i.e. at the edge discontinuity defined by the intersection of the interface and stress-free boundary). In contrast to the tensile-loaded butt joint, where the magnitude of asymptotic stress state is fully characterized by a single interface-edge stress intensity factor K-a, an additional, non-negligible r-independent regular term K-a0 always exists for thermally induced strains. In the present work, a direct extension of the previously used nucleation criterion is applied: crack nucleation occurs when K-a = K-ac, but with the stipulation that interface-edge toughness K-ac depends on K-a0. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reedy, ED (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0893,Dept 9123, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 325 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(01)00203-7 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 512TY UT WOS:000173340700004 ER PT J AU Daane, LL Harjono, I Barns, SM Launen, LA Palleroni, NJ Haggblom, MM AF Daane, LL Harjono, I Barns, SM Launen, LA Palleroni, NJ Haggblom, MM TI PAH-degradation by Paenibacillus spp. and description of Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans sp nov., a naphthalene-degrading bacterium from the rhizosphere of salt marsh plants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paenibacillus; rhizosphere; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID EMENDED DESCRIPTION; BACILLUS-CURDLANOLYTICUS; GENUS PAENIBACILLUS; IDENTIFICATION; PROPOSAL; GLUCANOLYTICUS; ALGINOLYTICUS; CHONDROITINUS; SEQUENCES; KOBENSIS AB Bacteria belonging to the genus Paenibacillus were isolated by enrichment from petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated sediment and salt marsh rhizosphere using either naphthalene or phenanthrene as the sole carbon source, and were characterized using phenotypic, morphological and molecular techniques. The isolates were grouped by their colony morphologies and polyaromatic hydrocarbon- degradation patterns. Phenanthrene-degrading isolates produced mottled colonies on solid media and were identified as P. validus by fatty acid methyl ester and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. In contrast, the naphthalene-degrading isolates with mucoid colony morphology were distantly related to Paenibacillus validus, according to fatty acid methyl ester and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. The predominant fatty acids of the mucoid isolates were 15:0 anteiso, 16:1omega11c, 16:0 and 17:0 anteiso, constituting, on average, 50.5, 12.0, 11.2 and 6.5% of the total, respectively. The G+C contents of their DNA ranged from 47 to 52 mol%. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed the highest (less than or equal to94%) similarity to P. validus. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that the mucoid isolates formed a distinct cluster within Paenibacillus. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed only a 6% DNA similarity between the type strain of P. validus and mucoid strain PR-N1. On the basis of the morphological, phenotypic and molecular data, the naphthalene-degrading isolates merit classification as a new Paenibacillus species, for which the name Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans sp. nov. is proposed, with PR-N1(T) (= ATCC BAA-206(T) = DSM 14203(T)) as the type strain. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Environm Mol Biol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Haggblom, MM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, Foran Hall,59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RI Haggblom, Max/E-7597-2010 OI Haggblom, Max/0000-0001-6307-7863 NR 29 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 BP 131 EP 139 PN 1 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 514WN UT WOS:000173464200010 PM 11837295 ER PT J AU Kendall, K Stainton, C van Swol, F Woodcock, LV AF Kendall, K Stainton, C van Swol, F Woodcock, LV TI Crystallization of spheres SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Comm Thermophys Properties, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO UNIV COLORADO DE computer simulation; crystallization; hard spheres AB Simplified computer models are used to gain insight into more complex real systems. In a reversion of this protocol, a colloidal suspension of submicron spherical particles, approximately hard and uniform, was recently crystallized in space and analyzed for crystal type. The objective was to establish how, and to what structure, hard spheres crystallize without gravity. Computational statistical thermodynamics predicts an equilibrium constant between fee and hcp of order unity. The microgravity experiments, however, resulted in a random hybrid close-packed structure (rhcp) such that long-range order is two-dimensional. Here we report the mechanism from idealized computer "experiments" for crystallization of spheres from the metastable fluid. Model systems of up to N = 64,000 spheres with infinite spatial periodicity have been crystallized in runs of up to 10 billion collisions. When the fluid, initially in a metastable supercooled state at 58% packing, is allowed to nucleate and freeze, a variety of structures emerges. There are three identifiable stages of structural growth: (i) initial nucleation of fee, rhcp, and also bcc-like (body-centered cubic) local structures; (ii) rapid growth of all incipient nucleites to random stacked two-dimensional hexagonal (rhcp) grains, plus some fee, to fill the volume; and (iii) relatively slow dissolution of unstable rhcp faces at grain boundaries. Eventually, stable nucleites emerge comprising hexagonal layers, arranged so as to contain predominantly either fee arrangements of spheres or rhcp, in roughly 50% proportions. C1 UMIST, Dept Chem, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem Engn, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Woodcock, LV (reprint author), UMIST, Dept Chem, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1023/A:1013909211794 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 527MX UT WOS:000174190800013 ER PT J AU Linn, R Reisner, J Colman, JJ Winterkamp, J AF Linn, R Reisner, J Colman, JJ Winterkamp, J TI Studying wildfire behavior using FIRETEC SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY NOV 13-15, 2001 CL RENO, NEVADA DE Los Alamos; New Mexico; simulation; modeling ID MODEL; SPREAD AB A coupled atmospheric/wildfire behavior model is described that utilizes physics-based process models to represent wildfire behavior. Five simulations are presented, four of which are highly idealized situations that are meant to illustrate some of the dependencies of the model on environmental conditions. The fifth simulation consists of a fire burning in complex terrain with non-homogeneous vegetation and realistic meteorological conditions. The simulated fire behavior develops out of the coupling of a set of very complex processes and not from prescribed rules based on empirical data. This represents a new direction in wildfire modeling that we believe will eventually help decision makers and land managers do their jobs more effectively. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Linn, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 133 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 246 DI 10.1071/WF02007 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 622BX UT WOS:000179627600008 ER PT B AU Kerbyson, DJ Wasserman, HJ Hoisie, A AF Kerbyson, DJ Wasserman, HJ Hoisie, A BE Veidenbaum, A Joe, K TI Exploring advanced architectures using performance prediction SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURE FOR FUTURE GENERATION HIGH-PERFORMANCE PROCESSORS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Innovative Architecture for Future Generation High-Performance Processors and Systems CY JAN, 2002 CL HI ID PARALLEL AB In this work we show how by the examination of the key characteristics of an application, analytical performance models can be formed. These models are parameterized in terms of computational and communication performances of an individual system and can be used to explore achievable performance of an application prior to system availability. Two applications are considered: an adaptive mesh refinement code on structured meshes, and an Sn transport code on unstructured meshes. These are representative of part of the ASCI workload. One of the models is utilized to validate the performance of a Compaq Alpha-server ES45 supercomputing system being built at Los Alamos, and expected to grow to 30Tera-flops peak performance in the next year. In addition, the models are used to explore the achievable performance on hypothesized future systems with increased peak computation and communication performance. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Parallel Architectures & Performance Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kerbyson, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Parallel Architectures & Performance Team, CCS-3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1635-1 PY 2002 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1109/IWIA.2002.1035016 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV28P UT WOS:000178458300004 ER PT B AU Fu, D Libson, A Stroud, R AF Fu, D Libson, A Stroud, R GP NFS TI The structure of GlpF, a glycerol conducting channel SO ION CHANNELS: FROM ATOMIC RESOLUTION PHYSIOLOGY TO FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS SE NOVARTIS FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ion Channels - From Atomic Resolution Physiology to Functional Genomics CY JUN 12-14, 2001 CL NOVARTIS FDN, LONDON, ENGLAND HO NOVARTIS FDN ID AQUAPORIN WATER CHANNELS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; KNOCKOUT MICE; FACILITATOR; PROTEIN; FAMILY; AQPZ; RECONSTITUTION; SELECTIVITY AB The passage of water or small neutral solutes across the cell membrane in animals, plants and bacteria is facilitated by a family of homologous membrane channels, variously known as aquaporins though perhaps more correctly as aquaglyceroporins. The glycerol facilitator (GlpF) is a 28kDa aquaglyceroporin that catalyses transmembrane diffusion of glycerol and certain linear polyhydric alcohols in Escherichia coli. X-ray crystallographic analysis of GlpF to 2.2 Angstrom resolution revealed an alpha-barrel structure, surrounded by six full-length transmembrane helices and two half-spanning helices that are joined head-to-head in the middle of the membrane. These helices are arranged to a quasi twofold manner relative to the central membrane plane, where highly conserved residues make helix-to-helix contacts that stabilize the relative position and orientation of the helices in the structure. This sequence-structure correlation suggests that the evolutionary divergence of aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins is constrained by a conserved structural framework within which specialized function may be developed. Three glycerol molecules were resolved in the central channel through the GlpF monomer, thereby defining a transmembrane channel for glycerol permeation. The structure of glycerol-GlpF complex provides insight into the chemical basis for transmembrane selective permeability. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Macromol Struct Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Fu, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463,50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM24485] NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER PO19 1UD, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-470-84375-6 J9 NOVART FDN SYMP PY 2002 VL 245 BP 51 EP 65 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Physiology SC General & Internal Medicine; Physiology GA BU90R UT WOS:000177351200005 PM 12027015 ER PT B AU Visco, SJ Jacobson, CP De Jonghe, LC Leming, A Matus, Y Yang, LM Villareal, I Rodriquez-Martinez, L AF Visco, SJ Jacobson, CP De Jonghe, LC Leming, A Matus, Y Yang, LM Villareal, I Rodriquez-Martinez, L BE Ramanarayanan, TA TI Solid oxide fuel cells based on metal electrodes SO IONIC AND MIXED CONDUCTING CERAMICS IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Ionic and Mixed Conducting Ceramics CY SEP 03, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div AB In order to improve reliability and lower the cost of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is pursuing a novel techniques for SOFC fabrication. This approach involves the use of porous metal alloy support electrodes onto which thin electrolyte films are co-fired. Metal alloy supports are selected based on their compatibility with the electrolyte including thermal expansion coefficient and resistance to oxidation at the SOFC operating temperature. Metal alloys are typically selected from commercially sources in order to lower SOFC cost further. The use of a porous metal electrode support should improve mechanical stability and thermal management of the stack, as well as resistive losses due to current collection. This approach overcomes many of the limitations of ceramic supported thin-film SOFCs without additional complexity in manufacturing. The fabrication process is straightforward and lends itself to high volume manufacturing methods. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Visco, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-361-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2001 IS 28 BP 368 EP 373 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BW17Z UT WOS:000181082900039 ER PT S AU Scovazzo, P Visser, AE Davis, JH Rogers, RD Koval, CA DuBois, DL Noble, RD AF Scovazzo, P Visser, AE Davis, JH Rogers, RD Koval, CA DuBois, DL Noble, RD BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Supported ionic liquid membranes and facilitated ionic liquid membranes SO IONIC LIQUIDS: INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquid CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXTRACTION AB Supported Liquid Membranes (SLMs) use porous supports impregnated with a solvent. In SLMs, solute molecules dissolve into the membrane at the feed/membrane interface. The dissolved species diffuse through the membrane and desorb at the opposite membrane surface. The addition of a third mobile chemical or carrier to the solvent that can reversibly bind to the dissolved species enhances the selectivity of the membrane (facilitated transport). Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes (SILMs) have an advantage over SLMs due to the negligible loss through vaporization of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) and the ability to selectively modify the properties of the membrane solvent. Our initial research focus was on the CO2 separation from N-2 using RTILs with and without ionic and neutral doping compounds. Our chapter presents the proof-of-concept of SILMs, the basic principles of FILM development, and discusses future needs for continued development of SILMs and FILMs. Our SILM had a CO2 permeability of 4.6 x 10(-11) Mol/(cm(2) kPa s) with a selectivity over air of 29; these values are competitive with existing membrane materials. The FILMs had a 1.8 improvement in CO2 permeability with a driving force of 4.6 kPa of CO2. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Scovazzo, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Davis, James/A-9688-2008; Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013 OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494 NR 13 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3789-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 818 BP 69 EP 87 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW16K UT WOS:000181052100006 ER PT S AU Yuan, CY Dai, S Wei, Y Chen-Yang, YW AF Yuan, CY Dai, S Wei, Y Chen-Yang, YW BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Preparation of functional silica aerogels using ionic liquids as solvents SO IONIC LIQUIDS: INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquid CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID EXTRACTION; CHLORIDE; WATER; SOL AB A new methodology has been developed to prepare functional silica aerogels using ionic liquids. This methodology makes use of the unique solvent properties of ionic liquids (negligible vapor pressure and ionicity), allowing application of long aging times without macroscopic phase segregation between ionic liquids and the silica network. The long ambient aging time also ensures development of stable silica networks so that the ionic liquids can be extracted and dried without collapse of the silica network. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Chung Yuan Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 320, Taiwan. RP Yuan, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wei, Yen/H-5329-2012; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3789-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2002 VL 818 BP 106 EP 113 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW16K UT WOS:000181052100008 ER PT S AU Oldham, WJ Costa, DA Smith, WH AF Oldham, WJ Costa, DA Smith, WH BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Development of room-temperature ionic liquids for applications in actinide chemistry SO IONIC LIQUIDS: INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquid CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID MOLTEN-SALTS; SOLVENTS; DONOR AB One area of on-going research in our group at Los Alamos National Laboratory is directed toward characterization of the basic coordination chemistry and electrochemical behavior of f-element ions dissolved in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The ultimate goal of this work is to introduce advanced, environmentally sustainable, nuclear processing and purification strategies into both the DOE complex and the civilian nuclear industry. Efforts to develop ambient temperature electrorefining and/or electrowinning technologies are focused on the design of ionic liquids characterized by extended cathodic stability. In this chapter a summary of the synthesis, physical properties and electrochemical behavior of the ionic liquids used in this work is presented. The feasibility of efficient electrochemical production of highly electropositive metals is demonstrated through reversible plating and stripping of sodium and potassium metals. (C) 2002 American Chemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oldham, WJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3789-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 818 BP 188 EP 198 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW16K UT WOS:000181052100015 ER PT S AU Khan, N Moens, L AF Khan, N Moens, L BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Room-temperature ionic liquids as new solvents for carbohydrate chemistry: A new tool for the processing of biomass feedstocks? SO IONIC LIQUIDS: INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquid CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID FATTY-ACID ESTERS; REGIOSELECTIVE ACYLATION; EFFICIENT CATALYST; ACETIC-ACID; ENOL ESTERS; ALCOHOLS; ACETYLATION; LIPASE; SUCROSE; ENANTIOSELECTIVITY AB Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can be used as reaction media for carrying out chemical reactions with carbohydrates. This study focused on simple acetylation reactions of partially protected as well as 'free' sugars, and it was shown that the choice of RTIL determines the efficiency of these transformations. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Khan, N (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3789-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 818 BP 360 EP 372 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW16K UT WOS:000181052100028 ER PT B AU Osborn, S Elliott, G AF Osborn, S Elliott, G GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Standard creativity: Creating flexible web development standards SO IPCC 2002, REFLECTIONS ON COMMUNICATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (IPCC 2002) CY SEP 17-20, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE DE web; standards; creativity; compatibility AB In the early days of the web, we became "experts" at developing great looking sites using all of the layout and design codes available to us at the time. However, it quickly became apparent that sacrificing structure for style had created forward compatibility issues and would prevent us form moving forward as the web grows and tools we use change. Looking at this future, we determined that the only feasible solution was to set web development standards for our staff. Many organizations develop look-and-feel templates that are used throughout their organization, but with such a wide variety of audiences and customer needs, this approach wasn't feasible for our situation. We needed something that would allow our staff to maintain a level of consistency throughout all of the websites we produce, without losing the ability to be creative and flexible to our customers' wants and needs. This paper describes how we developed standards that allow staff to keep pace with changing trends, promote effective teaming, and ensure both backward and forward compatibility while maintaining a level of consistency and organizational identity. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Sci & Tech Inform Dept Publicat Design, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Osborn, S (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Sci & Tech Inform Dept Publicat Design, POB 999,MSIN K6-01, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7591-2 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV51P UT WOS:000179203000001 ER PT B AU McBurney, MK Novak, PL AF McBurney, MK Novak, PL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI What is bibliometrics and why should you care? SO IPCC 2002, REFLECTIONS ON COMMUNICATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (IPCC 2002) CY SEP 17-20, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE DE bibliometrics; citation analysis; impact factor ID COCITATION ANALYSIS; CITATION ANALYSIS AB Viewed in the aggregate, a company's publications represent one of its greatest business assets. Can professionals in the information and communication fields help their company understand the return on its investment in publishing? The field of bibliometrics studies publication patterns by using quantitative analysis and statistics. Bibliometrics can be either descriptive, such as looking at how many articles your organization has published, or evaluative, such as using citation analysis to look at how those articles influenced subsequent research by others. Counting publications can be useful for doing some comparisons, but citation analysis allows you to look at the impact those articles have had on others by determining how often they are cited. Citation analysis can also show what journals, organizations, and even countries have high impact in different fields of research. The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) has been a leader in the citation analysis field since 1961, when ISI published the first Science Citation Index. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been using data from ISI for both descriptive and evaluative purposes. This data is used to track what the researchers at the Laboratory are writing and then comparing research groups within the organization over a period of years to identify trends and opportunities. PNNL has also used citation analysis to explore what organizations and academic institutions are doing research in certain fields for partnering opportunities. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Elect & Tech Serv, Handford Tech Lib, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McBurney, MK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Elect & Tech Serv, Handford Tech Lib, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7591-2 PY 2002 BP 108 EP 114 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV51P UT WOS:000179203000011 ER PT S AU Hawkins, JK Howard, RB Nguyen, HV AF Hawkins, JK Howard, RB Nguyen, HV GP ISA ISA TI Statistical software reliability modeling for real-time PLC-based systems SO ISA 2002 TECHNOLOGY UPDATE, VOL LVII, PT 1 SE TECHNICAL PAPERS OF ISA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Conference of the Instrumentation-Systems-and-Automation-Society CY OCT 21-23, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Instrumentat Syst & Automat Soc DE embedded systems; PLC testing; real-time testing; automated testing; safety systems AB This paper discusses a new way of integrating a suite of commercially available, off-the-shelf software tools and hardware to develop a scalable testing platform called Automated Real-Time Test System (ARTS). The main function of ARTS is to provide automated functional testing, in order to increase the test coverage of a Personnel Safety System (PSS). Data that resulted from five years of manual testing of the PSS was used as input to several software reliability analysis tools. The results of this analysis allowed us to estimate the reliability of the PSS system's software as a function of test coverage. Two statistical modeling tools selected for the analysis were: 1) SMERFS-statistical modeling and estimation of reliability functions for software, and 2) CASRE-computer aided software reliability estimation. A data table of the Brooks-Motley and S-Shaped Reliability growth models are provided for comparison purposes and were use to help in selecting the best model that fit our data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Elect Syst Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hawkins, JK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Elect Syst Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1054-0032 J9 TECH PAPERS ISA PY 2002 VL 422 BP 219 EP 230 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications GA BW52V UT WOS:000182317100020 ER PT B AU DiAntonio, CB Williams, FA Pilgrim, SM Schulze, WA Feng, C Yin, Z AF DiAntonio, CB Williams, FA Pilgrim, SM Schulze, WA Feng, C Yin, Z BE White, G Tsurumi, T TI Characterization study of the growth and electromechanical properties of 67PMN-33PT single crystals SO ISAF 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN SP IEEE ID TRANSDUCERS AB A modified Bridgman approach, developed at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), has been used to grow ferroelectric relaxor PMN-PT single crystals. A series of technological barriers on the growth of ferroelectric relaxor PMN-PT single crystals, such as making seeds, seeded-orientation control, size-enlargement, uniformity of the grown single crystals, and crucible leakage, have been progressively overcome. After poling, the electromechanical properties of the grown PMN-PT single crystals are; weak-field permittivity max (epsilon(max)) 29,000 at 162degreesC, 1 kHz and 1 V-rms, dielectric loss (tan delta) < 0.9%; piezoelectric coefficient d(33) > 2,000 pC/N; mechanical-electric coupling factors, k(33) similar to 0.92-0.94 and k(t) similar to 0.61-0.62, respectively. The electromechanical properties of the 67PMN-33PT single crystal composition are measured as a function of temperature. This analysis reveals the effects of the diffuse phase transition on the electromechanical properties as piezoelectricity in the material develops. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP DiAntonio, CB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, Adv Mat Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7414-2 PY 2002 BP 431 EP 434 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BW84T UT WOS:000183375500105 ER PT S AU Johnson, DJ Fowler, WE Savage, ME Stygar, WA AF Johnson, DJ Fowler, WE Savage, ME Stygar, WA GP EDITIONS SFV EDITIONS SFV TI Suppression of electron emission from large surface area stainless steel electrodes SO ISDEIV: XXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, PROCEEDINGS SE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in a Vacuum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY JUL 01-05, 2002 CL ENGN SCH TOURS, TOURS, FRANCE SP French Vacuum Soc, CEA, Reg Ctr, Ville Tours, Conseil Gen Indre Loire, ABB, IEEE, Sandia, Toshiba HO ENGN SCH TOURS AB Surface treatment processes for 304L and 316L stainless steel have been tested for the suppression electron emission over large area planar surfaces. Testing was performed on 17-cm-diameter electrodes with 3 to 4 mm gaps. The treatment processes for the electrodes were solvent cleaned 16 micro-inch rms surface machining, chemical polishing, hydrogen vacuum furnace firing, and gold coating. Tests were made with a 60 to 1160 kV, 200 ns flat topped voltage pulse and 150 to 260 kV, 160-ns-FWHM, waveform with 1-cos(omegat) shape. Gap closure and cathode plasma area expansion rates are determined from a Child-Langmiur model. It was noted that the initial 1-mum-roughness 304L SS gave similar or perhaps slightly better results than the other preparations. Results from each of the treatment processes will be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 0-7803-7394-4 J9 INT SYM DISCH ELECTR PY 2002 VL 20 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BV34V UT WOS:000178625000028 ER PT J AU Babu, SS David, SA AF Babu, SS David, SA TI Inclusion formation and microstructure evolution in low alloy steel welds SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE steel welds; inclusion formation; weld solidification; nonequilibrium phase transformations; bainite; acicular ferrite ID BAINITE TRANSFORMATION KINETICS; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; CR-NI ALLOYS; ACICULAR FERRITE; HSLA STEEL; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; DELTA-TRANSITION; GAMMA-TRANSITION; LASER TREATMENT; METALS AB The paper presents an overview of research performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory on inclusion-formation, weld-solidification, and solid-state transformations in low-alloy steel welds. The competition between oxide and nitride formation in Fe-C-Al-Mn self-shielded flux-cored arc steel welds was predicted using computational thermodynamics. Nonequilibrium austenite phase selection was monitored in a Fe-C-Al-Mn weld using an in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction technique. The competition between acicular ferrite and bainite formation from austenite was evaluated in Fe-C-Mn steel welds containing small amounts of titanium. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM babuss@ornl.gov RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 73 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 30 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA TEKKO KAIKAN-5F, 3-2-10, NIHONBASHI-KAYABACHO, TOKYO, CHUO-KU 103-0025, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 EI 1347-5460 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 2002 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1344 EP 1353 DI 10.2355/isijinternational.42.1344 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 627KG UT WOS:000179931900004 ER PT J AU Cramer, SD Covino, BS Bullard, SJ Holcomb, GR Russell, JH Ziomek-Moroz, M Virmani, YP Butler, JT Nelson, FJ Thompson, NG AF Cramer, SD Covino, BS Bullard, SJ Holcomb, GR Russell, JH Ziomek-Moroz, M Virmani, YP Butler, JT Nelson, FJ Thompson, NG TI Prevention of chloride-induced corrosion damage to bridges SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE cost of corrosion; bridges; reinforced concrete; steel; epoxy-coated rebar; stainless steel; corrosion; chloride; anodes; cathodic protection; microsilica concrete; metalizing; thermal spray AB The annual direct cost of bridge infrastructure corrosion to the U.S. economy is estimated at $8.3 billion, with indirect costs approximately 10 times higher. Of the approximately 600 000 bridges in the U.S., between 15% and 20% are listed as "structurally deficient", frequently due to corrosion damage. Five technologies are presented for reducing the cost of chloride-induced corrosion damage: (1) conductive coating anodes for cathodic protection of existing reinforce concrete bridges, (2) epoxy-coated rebar (ECR), (3) stainless steel rebar, and (4) high-performance concrete for extending the service life of new structures, and (5) metalizing to provide economical, long-term corrosion protection of steel bridges. Conductive coating anodes and stainless steel rebar represent ongoing work by the Oregon Department of Transportation with final verdicts not expected for years. The ECR and metalizing technology have longer track records and are better established in the bridge construction and protection industry. Application of these technologies is guided by a thorough understanding of their performance, of characteristics of the bridge and its environment, and of the results that are sought. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. USDOT, FHWA, Turner Fairbank Highway Res Ctr, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. Joseph T Butler Inc, Wadsworth, OH 44282 USA. Oregon Dept Transportat, Salem, OR 97310 USA. CC Technol, Dublin, OH 43016 USA. RP Cramer, SD (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA 9-4 OTEMACHI 1-CHOME CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 2002 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1376 EP 1385 DI 10.2355/isijinternational.42.1376 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 627KG UT WOS:000179931900008 ER PT B AU Wong, CC Graham, S AF Wong, CC Graham, S BE Amon, CH Ramakrishna, K Sammakia, BG Subbarayan, G Sathe, SB Joshi, YK TI Investigating the thermal response of a micro-optical shutter SO ITHERM 2002: EIGHTH INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Components, Packaging & and Mfg Technol Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, K-16 Comm Electr Cooling, Heat Transfer Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Electr & Photon and Packaging Div, Int Microelect & Packaging Soc DE thermal management; MOEMS; contact resistance; thermal conduction ID THIN POLYSILICON FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE AB This paper discusses the thermal analysis of a fully integrated micro-switch for surety applications. Specifically, this study focuses on the temperature increase of a micromachined optical shutter with spot heating from a microlaser. To analyze the shutter response, a 'Design-to-Analysis' interface has been built that generates an accurate 3-D solid geometry from the 2-D mask layout. Besides performing analysis, engineers can also use this solid modeler to virtually prototype and verify a design before fabrication. A parametric study is performed to determine the effects of thermal conductivity and contact resistance on the thermal response of this passively cooled device. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0826,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ccwong@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7152-6 PY 2002 BP 1066 EP 1074 DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2002.1012576 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BU89W UT WOS:000177323800146 ER PT B AU Hewson, JC Kerstein, AR Echekki, T AF Hewson, JC Kerstein, AR Echekki, T BE Pollard, A Candel, S TI One-dimensional stochastic simulation of advection-diffusion-reaction couplings in turbulent combustion SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON TURBULENT MIXING AND COMBUSTION SE FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Turbulent Mixing and Combustion CY JUN 03-06, 2001 CL KINGSTON, CANADA SP IUTAM, Natl Res Council Canada, Natl Resources Canada, Queens Univ, CAGCT, Canadian Gas Assoc ID CONDITIONAL MOMENT CLOSURE; MODEL FORMULATION; FLOWS; FLAMES AB The study of turbulent reacting flows invariably involves simplifying assumptions. Here an alternative modeling strategy is adopted that explicitly represents certain nonlinear couplings among the various sub-processes governing turbulent combustion, including unsteadiness and multi-scale interactions. This strategy involves fully resolved simulation at moderately large Reynolds numbers, which is rendered affordable for fully turbulent regimes by formulating a one-dimensional stochastic representation of turbulent flow evolution. The modeling challenges that arise, and the present approach to addressing these challenges, are illustrated by applying the new methodology, denoted one-dimensional turbulence (ODT), to nonpremixed jet flames that exhibit varying degrees of localized extinction and reignition. The role of unsteady strain and molecular transport in ODT in representing extinction and reignition processes in a turbulent environment is noted. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hewson, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Echekki, Tarek/0000-0002-0146-7994 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0747-7 J9 FLUID MEC A PY 2002 VL 70 BP 113 EP 124 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BV68L UT WOS:000179768300010 ER PT J AU Grytsyna, VT Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Kazarinov, YG Sickafus, KE AF Grytsyna, VT Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Kazarinov, YG Sickafus, KE TI Properties of surface layer in spinel crystals bombardment with ions SO IZVESTIYA AKADEMII NAUK SERIYA FIZICHESKAYA LA Russian DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the 50th International Conference on Nuclear Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure/9th International Workshop on Ion Beam Surface Diagnostics CY JUN 17-20, 2000 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID MGAL2O4; IRRADIATION; HE+ C1 VN Karazin Natl Univ, Kharkov, Ukraine. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Grytsyna, VT (reprint author), VN Karazin Natl Univ, Kharkov, Ukraine. RI Kazarinov, Yuri/J-5876-2016 OI Kazarinov, Yuri/0000-0001-5143-8545 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., MOSCOW, 113095, RUSSIA SN 1026-3489 J9 IZV AKAD NAUK FIZ+ JI Izv. Akad. Nauk Ser. Fiz. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549RE UT WOS:000175459900020 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ Fadin, VS Kim, VT Lipatov, LN Pivovarov, GB AF Brodsky, SJ Fadin, VS Kim, VT Lipatov, LN Pivovarov, GB TI High-energy QCD asymptotic behavior of photon-photon collisions SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL CROSS-SECTION; E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; DIPOLE PICTURE; BFKL-POMERON; SCATTERING; LEP; RENORMALIZATION; DYNAMICS; PHYSICS AB The high-energy behavior of the total cross section for highly virtual photons, as predicted by the BFKL equation at next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD, is discussed. The NLO BFKL predictions, improved by the BLM optimal scale setting, are in good agreement with recent OPAL and L3 data at CERN LEP2. NLO BFKL predictions for future linear colliders are presented. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica". C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Lipatov, Lev/P-2816-2014 OI Lipatov, Lev/0000-0001-7786-8818 NR 59 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2002 VL 76 IS 5 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1134/1.1520615 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 607YH UT WOS:000178818000004 ER PT J AU Mintsev, AV Butov, LV Ell, C Mosor, S Khitrova, G Gibbs, HM AF Mintsev, AV Butov, LV Ell, C Mosor, S Khitrova, G Gibbs, HM TI Polariton dispersion of periodic quantum well structures SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; EXCITONS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SUPERLATTICES; BRAGG AB We studied the polariton dispersion relations of a periodic quantum-well structure with a period in the vicinity of half the exciton resonance wavelength, i.e., the Bragg structure. We classified polariton modes using an approximation of a large number of quantum wells. The polariton effective masses are found to be very small and equal to 10(-3)-10(-4) of the free-electron mass. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Mintsev, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2002 VL 76 IS 10 BP 637 EP 640 DI 10.1134/1.1541052 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 633ZY UT WOS:000180316400012 ER PT J AU Latyshev, YI Sinchenko, AA Bulaevskii, LN Pavlenko, VN Monceau, P AF Latyshev, YI Sinchenko, AA Bulaevskii, LN Pavlenko, VN Monceau, P TI Coherent tunneling between elementary conducting layers in the NbSe3 charge-density-wave conductor SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; SUBMICRON; TRANSPORT AB Characteristic features of transverse transport along the a* axis in the NbSe3 charge-density-wave conductor are studied. At low temperatures, the I-V characteristics of both layered structures and NbSe3-NbSe3 point contacts exhibit a strong peak of dynamic conductivity at zero bias voltage. In addition, the I-V characteristics of layered structures exhibit a series of peaks that occur at voltages equal to multiples of the double Peierls gap. The conductivity behavior observed in the experiment resembles that reported for the interlayer tunneling in Bi-2212 high-T-c superconductors. The conductivity peak at zero bias is explained using the model of almost coherent interlayer tunneling of the charge carriers that are not condensed in the charge density wave. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Radio Engn & Elect, Moscow 101999, Russia. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CNRS, Ctr Rech Tres Basses Temp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Latyshev, YI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Radio Engn & Elect, Moscow 101999, Russia. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1134/1.1466484 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 532WM UT WOS:000174498100010 ER PT J AU Dziarmaga, J AF Dziarmaga, J TI Low-temperature effective electromagnetism in superfluid He-3-A SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLACK-HOLE EVAPORATION; SONIC ANALOG; HORIZONS AB A general low-temperature effective action for the order parameter in the superfluid phase A of helium 3 is derived. In a symmetric case, when the Fermi velocity equals the transverse velocity of low energy fermionic quasiparticles, the action is the standard relativistic electromagnetic action. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Div T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Dziarmaga, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Div T6, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2002 VL 75 IS 6 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1134/1.1481462 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 550KM UT WOS:000175502300006 ER PT S AU Czajkowski, K Foster, I Kesselman, C Sander, V Tuecke, S AF Czajkowski, K Foster, I Kesselman, C Sander, V Tuecke, S BE Feitelson, DG Rudolph, L Schwiegelshohn, U TI SNAP: A protocol for negotiating service level agreements and coordinating resource management in distributed systems SO JOB SCHEDULING STRATEGIES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing CY JUL 24, 2002 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND AB A fundamental problem in distributed computing is to map activities such as computation or data transfer onto resources that meet requirements for performance, cost, security, or other quality of service metrics. The creation of such mappings requires negotiation among application and resources to discover, reserve, acquire, configure, and monitor resources. Current resource management approaches tend to specialize for specific resource classes, and address coordination across resources only in a limited fashion. We present a new approach that overcomes these difficulties. We define a resource management model that distinguishes three kinds of resource-independent service level agreements (SLAs), formalizing agreements to deliver capability, perform activities, and bind activities to capabilities, respectively. We also define a Service Negotiation and Acquisition Protocol (SNAP) that supports reliable management of remote SLAs. Finally, we explain how SNAP can be deployed within the context of the Globus Toolkit. C1 Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Zentralinst Angew Math, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. EM karlcz@isi.edu; foster@mcs.anl.gov; carls@isi.edu; tuecke@mcs.anl.gov NR 42 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00172-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2537 BP 153 EP 183 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW70E UT WOS:000182855900009 ER PT S AU Nitzberg, B Schopf, JM AF Nitzberg, B Schopf, JM BE Feitelson, DG Rudolph, L Schwiegelshohn, U TI Current activities in the scheduling and resource management area of the global grid forum SO JOB SCHEDULING STRATEGIES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing CY JUL 24, 2002 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND AB The Global Grid Forum's Scheduling and Resource Management Area is actively pursuing the standards that are needed for interoperability of Grid resource management systems. This includes work in defining architectures, language standards, APIs and protocols. In this article we overview the state of the working groups and research groups in the area as of September 2002. C1 Veridian, PBS Prod, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nitzberg, B (reprint author), Veridian, PBS Prod, 2672 Bayshore Pkwy,Suite 810, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00172-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2537 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW70E UT WOS:000182855900012 ER PT J AU Dunkers, JP Sanders, DP Hunston, DL Everett, MJ Green, WH AF Dunkers, JP Sanders, DP Hunston, DL Everett, MJ Green, WH TI Comparison of optical coherence tomography, X-ray computed tomography, and confocal microscopy results from an impact damaged epoxy/E-glass composite SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE optical coherence tomography; X-ray computed tomography; confocal microscopy; composites; damage ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; RADIOGRAPHY AB Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technique for imaging of synthetic materials. OCT is attractive because it combines high sensitivity (> 90 dB), high resolution (5 mum to 20 mum), and low cost, approximately US $75 K. The value of any new technology is evaluated by how well it compares with existing methods. In this work, impact damage of an epoxy/E-glass composite is imaged using OCT and the results were compared with micro-focus X-ray computed tomography. This technique is a good benchmark to compare with OCT because both techniques have the ability to locate features precisely and have comparable resolutions. OCT is considered to be a confocal technique so it was also compared to laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Contrast mechanisms, sensitivity, resolution, depth of penetration, and artifacts among the techniques are compared and contrasted. Also, impact damage features revealed using OCT are briefly discussed. C1 NIST, Polymer Composites Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), NIST, Polymer Composites Grp, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2002 VL 78 IS 2 BP 129 EP 154 DI 10.1080/00218460210386 PG 26 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 558PV UT WOS:000175976500003 ER PT J AU Chen, WYC Li, BQ Louck, JD AF Chen, WYC Li, BQ Louck, JD TI The flagged double Schur function SO JOURNAL OF ALGEBRAIC COMBINATORICS LA English DT Article DE double Schur function; flagged double Schur function; symplectic characters; orthogonal characters ID GENERALIZED HYPERGEOMETRIC COEFFICIENTS; SCHUBERT POLYNOMIALS; DETERMINANTAL FORMULAS; SYMMETRICAL FUNCTIONS; ORTHOGONAL TABLEAUX; PLANE PARTITIONS; LATTICE PATHS; MANIFOLDS; ALGORITHM; ALGEBRA AB The double Schur function is a natural generalization of the factorial Schur function introduced by Biedenharn and Louck. It also arises as the symmetric double Schubert polynomial corresponding to a class of permutations called Grassmannian permutations introduced by A. Lascoux. We present a lattice path interpretation of the double Schur function based on a flagged determinantal definition, which readily leads to a tableau interpretation similar to the original tableau definition of the factorial Schur function. The main result of this paper is a combinatorial treatment of the flagged double Schur function in terms of the lattice path interpretations of divided difference operators. Finally, we find lattice path representations of formulas for the symplectic and orthogonal characters for sp(2n) and so(2n + 1) based on the tableau representations due to King and El-Shakaway, and Sundaram. Based on the lattice path interpretations, we obtain flagged determinantal formulas for these characters. C1 Nankai Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Pure Math & Combinator, Ctr Combinator, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. Nankai Univ, Dept Risk Management & Insurance, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9899 J9 J ALGEBR COMB JI J. Algebr. Comb. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 7 EP 26 DI 10.1023/A:1013217015135 PG 20 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 503PH UT WOS:000172806500002 ER PT J AU Perry, DL Firestone, RB Molnar, GL Revay, Z Kasztovszky, Z Gatti, RC Wilde, P AF Perry, DL Firestone, RB Molnar, GL Revay, Z Kasztovszky, Z Gatti, RC Wilde, P TI Neutron-induced prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) of metals and non-metals in ocean floor geothermal vent-generated samples SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CATALOG AB Neutron-induced prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) has been used to analyze ocean floor geothermal vent-generated samples that are composed of mixed metal sulfides, silicates and aluminosilicates. The modern application of the PGAA technique is discussed and elemental analytical results are given for 25 elements found in the samples. The elemental determinations in the samples are consistent with the expected mineralogical compositions, and very consistent results are obtained for comparable samples. Special sensitivity to trace quantities of hydrogen, boron, cadmium, dysprosium, gadolinium and samarium is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Isotope & Surface Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Pangloss Fdn, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Perry, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Firestone, Richard/0000-0003-3833-5546 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1039/b105826f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 515BR UT WOS:000173476000007 ER PT J AU Reed, WA May, I Livens, FR Charnock, JM Jeapes, AP Gresley, M Mitchell, RM Knight, P AF Reed, WA May, I Livens, FR Charnock, JM Jeapes, AP Gresley, M Mitchell, RM Knight, P TI XANES fingerprinting of iodine species in solution and speciation of iodine in spent solvent from nuclear fuel reprocessing SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION AB Iodine is retained in spent solvent [tributyl phosphate/odourless kerosene (TBP/OK)] from nuclear fuel reprocessing, which makes decontamination difficult. TBP/OK is a very complex matrix in which speciation of the low concentrations of iodine present is difficult. XANES spectroscopy is element-specific and relatively independent of the sample medium. The iodine K-edge XANES spectrum of a spent solvent sample from nuclear fuel reprocessing, containing 40 ppm total iodine, was obtained and compared with the XANES spectra of eight reference compounds containing iodine in oxidation states from -1 to +7. The spectrum of the solvent sample suggests that iodine is most probably present in the sample as an organoiodide species. However, molecular iodine has a very similar XANES spectrum and, because of the quality of the waste sample data, its presence cannot be completely excluded. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Ctr Radiochem Res, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. SERC, Daresbury Lab, CRLC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. BTC, BNFL, Seascale CA20 1PG, Cumbria, England. RP Reed, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS70A-1150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 5 BP 541 EP 543 DI 10.1039/b110805k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 547HA UT WOS:000175325900014 ER PT J AU Duckworth, DC Morton, SJ Bayne, CK Koons, RD Montero, S Almirall, JR AF Duckworth, DC Morton, SJ Bayne, CK Koons, RD Montero, S Almirall, JR TI Forensic glass analysis by ICP-MS: a multi-element assessment of discriminating power via analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CLASSIFICATION; FRAGMENTS; SHEET; CONTAINER; SAMPLES; SCIENCE AB Glass fragments from 81 automobile side windows were collected and analyzed by the FBI Laboratory using ICP-AES in 1991. The FBI selected 9 elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr and Ti) to use for discrimination among the glass samples. This multi-element discrimination showed a significant improvement in the discrimination statistics over using only refractive index (RI) measurements. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) recently analyzed fragments from 76 of the original side window fragments using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ICP-MS analyses measured 45 elements using a hierarchical sampling scheme to estimate variances due to sampled population (V-P), variance due to sample dissolution and within sample heterogeneity (V-D), and variance due to replicate measurements (V-M). The between-to-within ratio [B/W = V-P /(V-D + V-M)] afforded a measure of the variance within the population to that in the analytical measurement, providing a first approximation of the discriminating power of each element. Florida International University updated the RI measurements on 72 available glass fragments. These RI measurements along with ICP-AES and ICP-MS elemental analyses were used for pairwise comparisons of all possible pairs of the 72 glasses that had a complete set of measurements. The pairwise comparisons used Tukey's HSD method to compare RI and element-by-element discrimination potential of ICP-AES and ICP-MS for analyzing glass in forensic casework. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FBI Acad, FBI Lab, Forens Sci Res Unit, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem, Int Forens Res Inst, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Bayne, CK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Almirall, Jose/D-1280-2010; Duckworth, Douglas/B-7171-2015 OI Almirall, Jose/0000-0002-5257-7499; Duckworth, Douglas/0000-0002-8161-5685 NR 38 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 7 BP 662 EP 668 DI 10.1039/b201575g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 569JM UT WOS:000176599300002 ER PT J AU Van Ham, R Van Vaeck, L Adriaens, A Adams, F Hodges, B Groenewold, G AF Van Ham, R Van Vaeck, L Adriaens, A Adams, F Hodges, B Groenewold, G TI Inorganic speciation in static SIMS: a comparative study between monatomic and polyatomic primary ions SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MICROPROBE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENERGIES; EMISSION; SOLIDS; NABF4 AB This paper addresses the use of static SIMS (S-SIMS) for the speciation of inorganic compounds. Specifically, the use of SF5+ and ReO4- polyatomic primary ions for the analysis of binary salts is compared to bombardment with Ga+. The features of the mass spectra are discussed with respect to the gain in secondary ion intensity and the increased production of molecule-specific adduct ions and structural fragments when using polyatomic instead of monatomic ion bombardment. C1 State Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Chem, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Adriaens, A (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, Krijgslaan 281-S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM annemie.adriaens@rug.ac.be RI Adriaens, Annemie/F-2520-2013 OI Adriaens, Annemie/0000-0003-4034-1881 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 8 BP 753 EP 758 DI 10.1039/b202225g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 580UP UT WOS:000177254600002 ER PT J AU Russo, RE Mao, XL Gonzalez, JJ Mao, SS AF Russo, RE Mao, XL Gonzalez, JJ Mao, SS TI Femtosecond laser ablation ICP-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY JAN 06-12, 2002 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; INDUCED BREAKDOWN; SPECTROSCOPY; FRACTIONATION; SAMPLES; BRASS AB Femtosecond laser ablation was investigated for direct solid sample chemical analysis. The phonon relaxation time in a solid is of the order of 100 fs, which is the same as the laser pulse duration. For such excitation, there should be little time for the matrix to experience a "temperature'' during the laser pulse. If the surface explodes before the photon energy is dissipated as heat in the lattice, the ablation process should produce stoichiometric vapor (elemental fractionation should be negligible). Based on this hypothesis, NIST glasses were ablated using 100 fs laser pulses at 800 nm, with subsequent elemental analysis using the ICP-MS. Pb and U intensities, and Pb/U ratios in the ICP, were measured during repetitively femtosecond-pulsed ablation. These data show that fluence (laser energy/spot area) has a significant influence on the amount of mass ablated and on the degree of fractionation. An optimal fluence was found at which the fractionation index approached unity; negligible fractionation. Infrared femtosecond laser ablation produced similar characteristics to UV nanosecond laser ablation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, M-S 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 150 Z9 154 U1 2 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1072 EP 1075 DI 10.1039/b202044k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 589NP UT WOS:000177766400011 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, J Mao, XL Roy, J Mao, SS Russo, RE AF Gonzalez, J Mao, XL Roy, J Mao, SS Russo, RE TI Comparison of 193, 213 and 266 nm laser ablation ICP-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY JAN 06-12, 2002 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; MICROANALYSIS; FRACTIONATION; WAVELENGTH; GLASSES; MATRIX AB There is a widespread discussion concerning the 'better' wavelength for laser ablation chemical analysis. Wavelength is believed to be an important parameter based on the sample's optical penetration depth as well as photon energy for bond breaking. The lasers most widely employed for analytical applications are the excimer, based on an ArF mixture with a wavelength of 193 nm, and the solid state Nd: YAG, with wavelengths of 266 nm and 213 nm. NIST glasses were ablated to test the effects of these wavelengths on fractionation and transport efficiency. Crater geometry and volume were measured by using a white-light interference microscope. For all three wavelengths, linear calibration curves were obtained using NIST glasses as standards. The Pb-208/U-238 ratio in a tuff rock sample was measured using all three wavelengths; the value obtained using the NIST-glass calibration was compared to that measured using liquid nebulization. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, M-S 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1108 EP 1113 DI 10.1039/b202122f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 589NP UT WOS:000177766400017 ER PT J AU Ivanova, K Clothiaux, EE Shirer, HN Ackerman, TP Liljegren, JC Ausloos, M AF Ivanova, K Clothiaux, EE Shirer, HN Ackerman, TP Liljegren, JC Ausloos, M TI Evaluating the quality of ground-based microwave radiometer measurements and retrievals using detrended fluctuation and spectral analysis methods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER DISTRIBUTIONS; LONG-RANGE CORRELATIONS; MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SCALE-INVARIANCE; CLOUD; SEQUENCES; PHYSICS; ISSUES AB Time series both of microwave radiometer brightness temperature measurements at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz and of retrievals of water vapor and liquid water path from these brightness temperatures are evaluated using the detrended fluctuation analysis method. As quantified by the parameter alpha, this method (i) enables identification of the timescales over which noise dominates the time series and (ii) characterizes the temporal range of correlations in the time series. The more common spectral analysis method is also used to assess the data, and its results are compared with those from the detrended fluctuation analysis method. The assumption that measurements should have certain scaling properties allows the quality of the measurements to be characterized. The additional assumption that the scaling properties of the measurements of an atmospheric quantity are preserved in a useful retrieval provides a means for evaluating the retrieval itself. Applying these two assumptions to microwave radiometer measurements and retrievals demonstrates three points. First, the retrieved water vapor path during cloudy-sky periods can be dominated by noise on shorter-than-30-min timescales (alpha exponent 5 0.1) and exhibits no scaling behavior at longer timescales. However, correlations in the brightness temperatures and liquid water path retrievals are found to be consistent with a power-law behavior for timescales up to 3 h with an alpha exponent equal to approximately 0.3, as in other geophysical phenomena. Second, clear-sky, moist atmospheres show the expected scaling for both measurements and retrievals of the water vapor path. Third, during clear-sky, dry atmospheric days, instrument noise from the 31.4-GHz channel compromises the quality of the water vapor path retrieval. The detrended fluctuation analysis method is thus proposed as means for assessing the quality of both the instrument data and the retrieved parameters obtained from these data. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Liege, Inst Phys, SUPRAS, Liege, Belgium. Univ Liege, Inst Phys, GRASP, Liege, Belgium. RP Ivanova, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 56 EP 68 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0056:ETQOGB>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504AT UT WOS:000172835200005 ER PT J AU Tiquia, SM AF Tiquia, SM TI Evolution of extracellular enzyme activities during manure composting SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPENT PIG LITTER; DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONTENTS; HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; NITROGEN AB Aims: The objectives of this work were to determine the extracellular enzyme profiles during composting, relate the activities of these enzymes to the changes in microbial population and compare the enzyme profiles between two manures. Methods and Results: API ZyM(TM) assay was used to monitor the activities of 19 extracellular enzymes during poultry and pig manure composting. Results showed an overall increase in diversity and relative abundance of enzymes present. The relative abundance and activities of enzymes were higher in poultry manure than in pig manure. Among the 19 enzymes tested, esterase, valine amino-peptidase and alpha-galactosidase were the most abundant enzymes in poultry manure, whereas it was N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase for the pig manure. A number of these enzymes correlated with change in numbers of different microbial groups during composting. Conclusions: The composting process represented a combined activity of a wide succession of environments, as one enzyme/microbial group overlapped the other and each emerged gradually due to the continual change in temperature and progressive breakdown of complex compounds to simpler ones. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results presented here show the applicability of the API ZYM(TM) test not only in monitoring the quantitative and qualitative fluctuation of the available substrate during composting, but also in revealing differences in composts and compost maturity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Microbial Genom & Ecol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tiquia, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Microbial Genom & Ecol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 45 TC 64 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 764 EP 775 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01582.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 543RT UT WOS:000175115500022 PM 11966919 ER PT J AU Mirkarimi, PB Stearns, DG Baker, SL Elmer, JW Sweeney, DW Gullikson, EM AF Mirkarimi, PB Stearns, DG Baker, SL Elmer, JW Sweeney, DW Gullikson, EM TI Method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer thin film phase defects in reticles for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB The development of a nearly defect-free reticle blank is an important challenge facing extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The core element of an EUVL reticle blank is the reflective Mo/Si multilayer film, and deposition of Mo/Si on very small substrate defects can result in critical Mo/Si phase defects. In this article we present a method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer film phase defects in EUVL reticle blanks. An electron beam is used to deposit energy in the immediate vicinity of the defect, producing a small local contraction of the layer thicknesses due to silicide formation at the Mo/Si interfaces. We show in simulations that this contraction can significantly reduce the original structural deformation. We also present experimental results showing that it is possible to use an electron beam to controllably produce depressions in Mo/Si with nanometer-scale depths, and that this can be achieved without significantly impairing the reflective properties of the Mo/Si multilayer films. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mirkarimi1@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1063/1.1419265 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 504AX UT WOS:000172835600014 ER PT J AU Cich, MJ Zhao, R Anderson, EH Weber, ER AF Cich, MJ Zhao, R Anderson, EH Weber, ER TI Influence of gas transport on the oxidation rate of aluminum arsenide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALAS; SUPERLATTICES; LAYER AB The effect of gas transport on the lateral oxidation kinetics of aluminum arsenide has been studied by limiting the gas transport to the gas-oxide interface using closely spaced mesas. At 440 degreesC the gas transport factor is found to be 8.5+/-1.3 times the reaction rate coefficient, resulting in a measurable decrease in oxidation rate for mesas closer than 200 nm. This confirms the usual assumption that the initial oxidation rate is limited by the reaction kinetics at the oxidizing interface and not the gas transport for normal oxidation conditions (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mcich@uclink.berkeley.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 1 BP 121 EP 124 DI 10.1063/1.1421037 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 504AX UT WOS:000172835600019 ER PT J AU Liu, H Liu, GK Li, ST Beitz, JV Fernandez, FE AF Liu, H Liu, GK Li, ST Beitz, JV Fernandez, FE TI Nonlinear optical dynamics and Eu3+ spectral holeburning in strontium barium niobate thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SQUEEZED-LIGHT GENERATION; KTA1-XNBXO3 CRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; MEMORY AB Optical quality SrxBa1-xNb2O6 (SBN) thin films, both undoped and Eu3+-doped, of thickness less than 0.5 mum have been successfully grown on fused quartz substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique. Optical properties of these films were characterized in high-resolution spectroscopic experiments in time and frequency domains. For undoped SBN thin films, broadband emission in the UV region extending to the visible was observed following excitation at 355 nm. This emission is attributed to exciton luminescence of the SBN film. Nonlinear optical response in the picosecond regime and the third-order nonlinear susceptibility, chi ((3)), were studied using degenerate four-wave-mixing methods. In transverse alignment, chi ((3)) is enhanced by two orders of magnitude in comparison with its bulk counterpart. A thermal annealing process, monitored via changes in spectral properties of Eu3+, was employed to convert the as-grown amorphous film into a polycrystalline film. High-resolution spectroscopic measurements in the frequency domain were conducted on a 200-nm-thick film of Eu3+-doped SBN. Our spectroscopic results suggest that Eu3+ ions may substitute for Nb, thereby occupying a normally six-fold coordinated lattice site. At liquid helium temperature, spectral holes in the F-7(0)-D-5(0) optical transition were burned in the thermally annealed films. Typical observed hole widths were 70-100 MHz and hole depths were as large as 30% of the peak fluorescence intensity. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM gkliu@anl.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1063/1.1425072 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 504AX UT WOS:000172835600021 ER PT J AU Seager, CH Tallant, DR AF Seager, CH Tallant, DR TI Interactions of excited activators in rare earth and transition metal doped phosphors and their role in low energy cathodoluminescence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EU AB We have measured the time decay of spectrally resolved, pulsed cathodoluminescence (CL) and photoluminescence (PL) in several phosphors activated by rare earth and transition metal impurities, including Y2O3:Eu, Y2SiO5:Tb, and Zn2SiO4:Mn. Activator concentrations ranged from similar to0.003% to 10%. The CL decay curves are almost always nonlinear on a log (CL)-linear(time) plot-i.e., they deviate from first-order decay kinetics. These deviations are always more pronounced at short times and larger activator concentrations and are largest at low beam energies where the decay rates are noticeably faster. PL decay is always slower than that seen for CL, but these differences disappear after most of the excited species have decayed. PL decays display higher order decay kinetics and resemble CL decay profiles when the laser excitation intensity is increased. We have also measured the dependence of steady state CL efficiency on beam energy and find that larger activator concentrations accelerate the drop in CL efficiency seen at low beam energies. These effects are largest for the activators which interact more strongly with the host lattice. While activator-activator interactions are known to limit PL and CL efficiency in most phosphors, the present data suggest that a more insidious version of this mechanism is partly responsible for poor CL efficiency at low beam energies. This "enhanced" concentration quenching is due to the interaction of nearby excited activators. These interactions can lead to nonradiative activator decay, hence lower steady state CL efficiency. We suggest that this excited state "clustering" arises from the large energy loss rate of low energy primary electrons. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM chseage@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 1 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.1063/1.1421214 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 504AX UT WOS:000172835600026 ER PT J AU Amitay-Sadovsky, E Ward, B Somorjai, GA Komvopoulos, K AF Amitay-Sadovsky, E Ward, B Somorjai, GA Komvopoulos, K TI Nanomechanical properties and morphology of thick polyurethane films under contact pressure and stretching SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELASTIC-MODULUS; DEFORMATION; POLYPROPYLENE; INDENTATION; STIFFNESS; SERIES AB The surface nanomechanical properties and morphology of similar to 500-mum-thick polyurethane films subjected to normal loads in the range of 3-35 nN and longitudinal strains up to 150% were investigated with an atomic force microscope. Nanoindentation experiments performed at very low loads and small penetration depths demonstrated that the elastic behavior of the polyurethane surface is remarkably different from that of the bulk material. The distinctly different mechanical response to applied pressure between surface and near-surface (bulk) regions of the polymer is attributed to packing of the polymer chains at the contact region. The polyurethane copolymer consists of two immiscible hard and soft segments. It is suggested that upon stretching, randomly oriented hard segments migrate to the surface, leading to an increase of the hard-to-soft segment concentration and a decrease of the surface roughness. A general description of the polyurethane surface and bulk behavior under stretching and compression is presented in the context of the obtained results. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polymer Technol Grp Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kyriakos@euler.berkeley.edu NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 1 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1063/1.1417990 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 504AX UT WOS:000172835600058 ER PT J AU Chawla, NV Bowyer, KW Hall, LO Kegelmeyer, WP AF Chawla, NV Bowyer, KW Hall, LO Kegelmeyer, WP TI SMOTE: Synthetic minority over-sampling technique SO JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB An approach to the construction of classifiers from imbalanced datasets is described. A dataset is imbalanced if the classification categories are not approximately equally represented. Often real-world data sets are predominately composed of normal examples with only a small percentage of abnormal or interesting examples. It is also the case that the cost of misclassifying an abnormal (interesting) example as a normal example is often much higher than the cost of the reverse error. Under-sampling of the majority (normal) class has been proposed as a good means of increasing the sensitvity of a classier to the minority class. This paper shows that a combination of our method of over-sampling the minority (abnormal) class and under-sampling the majority (normal) class can achieve better classifier performance (in ROC space) than only under-sampling the majority class. This paper also shows that a combination of our method of over-sampling the minority class and under-sampling the majority class can achieve better classifier performance (in ROC space) than varying the loss ratios in Ripper or class priors in Naive Bayes. Our method of over-sampling the minority class involves creating synthetic minority class examples. Experiments are performed using C4.5, Ripper and a Naive Bayes classifier. The method is evaluated using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) and the ROC convex hull strategy. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chawla, NV (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, ENB 118, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM CHAWLA@CSEE.USF.EDU; KWB@CSE.NDU.EDU; HALL@CSEE.USF.EDU; WPK@CALIFORNIA.SANDIA.GOV OI Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 NR 37 TC 1796 Z9 1945 U1 23 U2 93 PU AI ACCESS FOUNDATION PI MARINA DEL REY PA USC INFORMATION SCIENCES INST, 4676 ADMIRALITY WAY, MARINA DEL REY, CA 90292-6695 USA SN 1076-9757 J9 J ARTIF INTELL RES JI J. Artif. Intell. Res. PY 2002 VL 16 BP 321 EP 357 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 559KL UT WOS:000176025300001 ER PT J AU Turner, DD Ferrare, RA Brasseur, LAH Feltz, WF AF Turner, DD Ferrare, RA Brasseur, LAH Feltz, WF TI Automated retrievals of water vapor and aerosol profiles from an operational Raman lidar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-BACKSCATTER LIDAR; SPECTRAL RESOLUTION LIDAR; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EXTINCTION; CLOUDS; RADIATION; INTERFEROMETER AB Automated routines have been developed to derive water vapor mixing ratio, relative humidity, aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficient, and linear depolarization profiles, as well as total precipitable water vapor and aerosol optical thickness, from the operational Raman lidar at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's site in north-central Oklahoma. These routines have been devised to maintain the calibration of these data products, which have proven sensitive to the automatic alignment adjustments that are made periodically by the instrument. Since this Raman lidar does not scan, aerosol extinction cannot be directly computed below approximately 800 m due to the incomplete overlap of the outgoing laser beam with the detector's field of view. Therefore, the extinction-to-backscatter ratio at 1 km is used with the aerosol backscatter coefficient profile to compute aerosol extinction from 60 m to the level of complete overlap. Comparisons of aerosol optical depth derived using these algorithms with a collocated CIMEL sun photometer for clear-sky days over an approximate 2-yr period show a slope of 0.90 with a correlation coefficient of 0.884. Furthermore, comparing the aerosol extinction profile retrieved from this system with that from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center's scanning Raman lidar agrees within 10% for the single available case. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Climate Dynam Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, SAIC, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Climate Dynam Grp, MS K9-24,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 54 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0037:AROWVA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504XR UT WOS:000172881900003 ER PT J AU Friedel, RHW Reeves, GD Obara, T AF Friedel, RHW Reeves, GD Obara, T TI Relativistic electron dynamics in the inner magnetosphere - a review SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st STEP-Results, Applications and Modeling Phase Conference (S-RAMP) CY OCT, 2000 CL SAPPPORO, JAPAN SP Int Council Sci Unions, Sci Comm Solar Terrestrial Phys DE trapped energetic particles; inner magnetosphere; storms and substorms; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; relativistic electrons ID OUTER RADIATION BELT; 1997 MAGNETIC CLOUD; SOLAR-WIND; ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ACCELERATION; PARTICLE; SAMPEX; FLUXES; ZONE AB The dynamics of relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere around the time of geomagnetic disturbances have received considerable attention in recent years. In addition to the environmental impact these electrons have on space-hardware in MEO and GEO orbits, and their obvious impact on space weather, the scientific issues surrounding the transport, acceleration and loss of these particles in the inner magnetosphere have not been fully resolved. One of the prime difficulties in understanding the dynamics of relativistic electrons is their somewhat uncorrelated behavior with regard to the major solar wind drivers of the Earth's magnetospheric dynamics (solar wind velocity, density and magnetic field strength/direction) and the major indices representing these dynamics (Dst, Ae, Kp). Relativistic electrons observed at geosynchronous altitude reach their peak several days after the onset of a magnetic storm, and a wide range of responses can occur for seemingly similar geomagnetic disturbances/storms. We give here a review and comparison of the current state of research into relativistic electron dynamics, covering simple diffusion, substorm acceleration, ULF wave acceleration, recirculation by ULF waves or plasmaspheric hiss. We present the results of a recent statistical study which has identified the presence of sufficient ULF wave power for a duration of at least 12 h during a storm as being the most geoeffective indicator of subsequent relativistic electron enhancements at geosynchronous altitudes. For completeness we also briefly examine some of the problems and ideas related to relativistic electron losses. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Commun Res Labs, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan. RP Friedel, RHW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 80 TC 289 Z9 296 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 64 IS 2 BP 265 EP 282 AR PII S1364-6826(01)00088-8 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(01)00088-8 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 523NZ UT WOS:000173963100012 ER PT J AU McCune, W Veroff, R Fitelson, B Harris, K Feist, A Wos, L AF McCune, W Veroff, R Fitelson, B Harris, K Feist, A Wos, L TI Short single axioms for Boolean algebra SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Article DE Boolean algebra; Sheffer stroke; single axiom AB We present short single equational axioms for Boolean algebra in terms of disjunction and negation and in terms of the Sheffer stroke. Previously known single axioms for these theories are much longer than the ones we present. We show that there is no shorter axiom in terms of the Sheffer stroke. Automated deduction techniques were used in several parts of the work. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Philosophy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Math, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1023/A:1020542009983 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 601XA UT WOS:000178473000001 ER PT J AU Thiele, R Wos, L AF Thiele, R Wos, L TI Hilbert's twenty-fourth problem SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Article DE automated reasoning; proof refinement; Hilbert 24th problem ID PROOFS AB For almost a century, a treasure lay hidden in a library in Germany, hidden until a remarkable discovery was made. Indeed, for most of the twentieth century, all of science thought that Hilbert had posed twenty-three problems, and no others. In the mid-1990s, however, as a result of a thorough reading of Hilbert's files, a twenty-fourth problem was found (in a notebook, in file Cod. ms. D. Hilbert 600: 3), a problem that might have a profound effect on research. This newly discovered problem focuses on the finding of simpler proofs and criteria for measuring simplicity. A proof may be simpler than previously known in one or more ways that include length, size (measured in terms of the total symbol count), and term structure. A simpler proof not only is more appealing aesthetically (and has fascinated masters of logic including C. A. Meredith, A. Prior, and I. Thomas) but is relevant to practical applications such as circuit design and program synthesis. This article presents Hilbert's twenty-fourth problem, discusses its relation to certain studies in automated reasoning, and offers researchers with varying interests the challenge of addressing this newly discovered problem. In particular, we include open questions to be attacked, questions that (in different ways and with diverse proof refinements as the focus) may prove of substantial interest to mathematicians, to logicians, and (perhaps in a slightly different manner) to those researchers primarily concerned with automated reasoning. C1 Univ Leipzig, Karl Sudhoff Inst Geschichte Med & Nat Wissensch, Leipzig, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 67 EP 89 DI 10.1023/A:1020537107897 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 601XA UT WOS:000178473000004 ER PT J AU Wos, L Ulrich, D Fitelson, B AF Wos, L Ulrich, D Fitelson, B TI Vanquishing the XCB question: The methodological discovery of the last shortest single axiom for the equivalential calculus SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Article DE equivalence; equivalential calculus; single axioms; shortest single axioms; detachment; condensed detachment; XCB; OTTER; automated reasoning AB With the inclusion of an effective methodology, this article answers in detail a question that, for a quarter of a century, remained open despite intense study by various researchers. Is the formula XCB = e(x, e(e(e(x, y), e(z, y)), z)) a single axiom for the classical equivalential calculus when the rules of inference consist of detachment (modus ponens) and substitution? Where the function e represents equivalence, this calculus can be axiomatized quite naturally with the formulas e(x, x), e(e(x, y), e(y, x)),and e(x, y), e(e(y, z), e(x, z))), which correspond to reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity, respectively. (We note that e(x, x) is dependent on the other two axioms.) Heretofore, thirteen shortest single axioms for classical equivalence of length eleven had been discovered, and XCB was the only remaining formula of that length whose status was undetermined. To show that XCB is indeed such a single axiom, we focus on the rule of condensed detachment, a rule that captures detachment together with an appropriately general, but restricted, form of substitution. The proof we present in this paper consists of twenty-five applications of condensed detachment, completing with the deduction of transitivity followed by a deduction of symmetry. We also discuss some factors that may explain in part why XCB resisted relinquishing its treasure for so long. Our approach relied on diverse strategies applied by the automated reasoning program OTTER. Thus ends the search for shortest single axioms for the equivalential calculus. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Philosophy, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Philosophy, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2 BP 107 EP 124 DI 10.1023/A:1021693818601 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 626PP UT WOS:000179882000001 ER PT J AU Pannucci, J Okinaka, RT Sabin, R Kuske, CR AF Pannucci, J Okinaka, RT Sabin, R Kuske, CR TI Bacillus anthracis pXO1 plasmid sequence conservation among closely related bacterial species SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXIN PRODUCTION; THURINGIENSIS; CEREUS; GENE; VIRULENCE; PATHOGENICITY; EVOLUTION; ENCODES; STRAINS; CLONING AB The complete sequencing and annotation of the 181.7-kb Bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pXO1 predicted 143 genes but could only assign putative functions to 45. Hybridization assays, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing were used to determine whether pXO1 open reading frame (ORF) sequences were present in other bacilli and more distantly related bacterial genera. Eighteen Bacillus species isolates and four other bacterial species were tested for the presence of 106 pXO1 ORFs. Three ORFs were conserved in most of the bacteria tested. Many of the pXO1 ORFs were detected in closely related Bacillus species, and some were detected only in B. anthracis isolates. Three isolates, Bacillus cereus D-17, B. cereus 43881, and Bacillus thuringiensis 33679, contained sequences that were similar to more than one-half of the pXO1 ORF sequences examined. The majority of the DNA fragments that were amplified by PCR from these organisms had DNA sequences between 80 and 98% similar to that of pXO1. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed large potential plasmids present in both B. cereus 43881 (341 kb) and B. thuringiensis ATCC 33679 (327 kb) that hybridized with a DNA probe composed of six pXO1 ORFs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 38 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 184 IS 1 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1128/JB.184.1.134-141.2002 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 503LT UT WOS:000172800500015 PM 11741853 ER PT J AU Wasinger, EC Zaleski, KL Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF Wasinger, EC Zaleski, KL Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI X-ray absorption spectroscopic investigation of Fe(II)-peplomycin and peplomycin derivatives: the effect of axial ligation on Fe-pyrimidine back-bonding SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bleomycin; peplomycin; back-bonding; XAS ID CARBON-MONOXIDE COMPLEX; ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE; ACTIVATED BLEOMYCIN; NONHEME IRON; ACTION MECHANISM; OXYGEN-TRANSFER; PRE-EDGE; SITE; BINDING; DNA AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used to study ferrous complexes of a bleomycin (BLM) congener, peplomycin (PEP), and two of its derivatives, isopeplomycin (ISO) and depyruvamide peplomycin (DP), in which potential axial ligands have been perturbed and removed, respectively. Application of extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis shows an elongation of the short-distance component of the first coordination sphere in DP and ISO relative to PEP. The XAS pre-edge intensity concomitantly decreases with increased axial perturbation. The short-distance component of PEP is correlated to the Fe-pyrimidine bond and is related to the amount of pi -back-bonding. Thus, the XAS analysis of these complexes provides structural information relevant to their differences in O-2 reactivity. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hodgson, KO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM40392] NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s007750100283 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 507JP UT WOS:000173024100018 PM 11862552 ER PT J AU Mourant, JR Johnson, TM Doddi, V Freyer, JP AF Mourant, JR Johnson, TM Doddi, V Freyer, JP TI Angular dependent light scattering from multicellular spheroids SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC ALTERATIONS; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; IN-VITRO; TISSUE; SPECTROSCOPY; FIBROBLASTS; TRANSFORMATION; MECHANISMS; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURES AB We demonstrate that the effects of cell-cell contact and of changes in cell shape have only a minor effect on the angular distribution of light scattering from mammalian fibroblast cells. This result is important for the development of light scattering as a noninvasive too for tissue diagnostics such as cancer detection. Changes in cell organization that are not accompanied by changes in internal cellular structure may riot be measurable. On the other hand, changes in internal cellular structure should be measurable without interference from changes in overall cellular organization. The second major result of this work is that there are small but significant differences between light scattering of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells grown in a three-dimensional culture system. The cause of the differences in light Scattering are likely due to the nontumorigenic cells arresting in the 151 phase of the cell cycle, while the turnorigenic cells continue to proliferate. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-optical instrumentation Engineers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mourant, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA071898, CA71898] NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1117/1.1427053 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 522NX UT WOS:000173904400013 PM 11818017 ER PT J AU Vo-Dinh, T AF Vo-Dinh, T TI Nanobiosensors: Probing the sanctuary of individual living cells SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nanosensor; nanotechnology; biosensor; antibody; benzo[a]pyrene; cancer ID OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; FIBER TIPS; NANOSENSORS; DIAGNOSTICS; BIOCHIPS; SENSORS AB Recently, nanotechnology has been revolutionizing important areas in molecular biology, especially diagnostics and therapy at the molecular and cellular level. The combination of nanotechnology, biology, and photonics opens the possibility of detecting and manipulating atoms and molecules using nanodevices, which have the potential for a wide variety of medical uses at the cellular level. The nanoprobes were fabricated with optical fibers pulled down to tips with distal ends having sizes of approximately 30-50 nm. The nanoscale size of this new class of sensors, allows for measurements in the smallest of environments. One such environment that has evoked a great deal of interest is that of individual cells. Using these nanobiosensors, it has become possible to probe individual chemical species in specific locations throughout a cell. This article provides an overview of the principle, development, and applications of optical nanosensor systems for in vivo bioanalysis at the single-cell level. The fiberoptics nanoprobes were covalently bound with antibodies that are selective to target analyte molecules. Excitation light is launched into the fiber and the resulting evanescent field at the tip of the fiber is used to excite target molecules bound to the antibody molecules. The fluorescence emission from the analyte molecules is then collected via a microscope. The usefulness and potential of this nanotechnology-based biosensor systems in biological research and applications in single-cell analysis are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2002 SU 39 BP 154 EP 161 DI 10.1002/jcb.10427 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 641ZU UT WOS:000180777600020 ER PT J AU Walls, JD Lim, KH Pines, A AF Walls, JD Lim, KH Pines, A TI Theoretical studies of the spin dynamics of quadrupolar nuclei at rotational resonance conditions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; OPERATOR FORMALISM; FLOQUET THEORY; QUANTUM NMR; LOCKING; SOLIDS AB A theory of the spin dynamics of I=3/2 quadrupolar nuclei in the sudden-passage limit is discussed in relation to the recently observed rotational resonance (RR) effects on the excitation and conversion of triple-quantum coherence in the FASTER multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) experiments [T. Vosegaard, P. Florian, D. Massiot, and P. J. Grandinetti, J. Chem. Phys. 114, 4618 (2001)]. A novel interaction frame, which combines the quadrupolar interaction with the central transition radio frequency irradiation, is shown to be useful in understanding the complex spin dynamics at and away from RR conditions. Analytical expressions for the Hamiltonian obtained from bimodal Floquet theory are included in order to provide insight into the spin dynamics observed in the FASTER MQMAS experiments. Numerical simulations have been performed and were found to support the theoretical formalism. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walls, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1063/1.1421613 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 503EC UT WOS:000172784700010 ER PT J AU Palmer, DA Rard, JA Clegg, SL AF Palmer, DA Rard, JA Clegg, SL TI Isopiestic determination of the osmotic and activity coefficients of Rb2SO4(aq) and Cs2SO4(aq) at T = (298.15 and 323.15) K, and representation with an extended ion-interaction (Pitzer) model SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE isopiestic measurements; rubidium sulphate; caesium suphate; osmotic coefficient; Pitzer's model ID ALKALI-METAL SULFATES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; CESIUM-CHLORIDE; 25-DEGREES-C; SYSTEM; NA2SO4(AQ); ELECTROLYTES AB Isopiestic vapor-pressure measurements were made for Rb2SO4(aq) from molality m = (0.16886 to 1.5679) mol (.) kg(-1) at T = 298.15 K and from m (0.32902 to 1.2282) mol (.) kg(-1) at T = 323.15 K. and for Cs2SO4(aq) from m = (0.11213 to 3.10815) mol (.) kg(-1) at T = 298.15 K and from m = (0. 11872 to 3.5095) mol (.) kg(-1) at T = 323.15 K, with NaCl(aq) as the reference standard. Published thermodynamic information for these systems were reviewed and the isopiestic equilibrium molalitics and dilution enthalpies were critically assessed and recalculated in a consistent manner. Values of the four parameters of an extended version of Pitzer's model for osmotic and activity coefficients with an ionic-strength dependent third virial coefficient were evaluated for both systems at both temperatures, as were those of the usual three-parameter Pitzer model. Similarly, parameters of Pitzer's model for the relative apparent molar enthalpies of dilution were evaluated at T = 298.15 K for both RbSO4(aq) and Cs2SO4(aq) for the more restricted range of m less than or equal to 0.101 mol (.) kg(-1). Values of the thermodynamic solubility product K-s(Rb2SO4, cr, 298.15 K) = (0.1392 +/- 0.0154) and the CODATA compatible standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation Delta(f)G(m)(o)(Rb2SO4, 298.15 K) = -(1316.91 +/- 0.59) kJ (.) mol(-1), standard molar enthalpy of formation Delta(f)H(m)(o)((RbSO4)-S-2, cr, 298-15 K) = -(1435.07 +/- 0.60) kJ (.) mol(-1), and standard molar entropy S-m(o) (Rb2SO4, cr, 298.15 K) = (199.60 +/- 2.88) J (.) K-1 (.) mol(-1) were derived. A sample of one of the lots of Rb2SO4(s) used for part of our isopiestic measurements was analyzed by ion chromatography, and was found to be contaminated with potassium and cesium in amounts that significantly exceeded the claims of the supplier. In contrast, analysis by ion chromatography of a lot of Cs2SO4(s) used for some of our experiments showed it was highly pure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Palmer, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 59 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 63 EP 102 DI 10.1006/jcht.2000.0901 PG 40 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 562PF UT WOS:000176207400005 ER PT J AU Fugate, ML Christensen, R Hush, D Scovel, C AF Fugate, ML Christensen, R Hush, D Scovel, C TI An equivalence relation between parallel calibration and principal component regression SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE parallel calibration; principal component regression; multivariate calibratyion; chemometrics; partial least-squares; Q-matrix; generalised inverse regression AB Multivariate calibration and prediction, when there are few observations and many variables, is an important and unresolved problem in chemometrics. Recently a technique called paralle calibration was introduced as a new and easy to understand calibation method. In this paper we show that parallel calibration is equivalent to a form of principal component regression and to generalized inverse regression. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Fugate, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-3,Mail Stop B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 68 EP 70 DI 10.1002/cem.683 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 522JW UT WOS:000173893700006 ER PT J AU Vuorinen, JE Schwarz, RB AF Vuorinen, JE Schwarz, RB TI Elastic constants of a Ti-6Al-4V/SiC unidirectional continuous-fiber composite between 10 and 300K SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RESONANT ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON-CARBIDE; ALUMINA AB We have used a resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technique to measure the Five independent second-order elastic constants of a transversely isotropic SiC/Ti-6Al-4V composite from 10 to 300 K. The composite had 50 vol% SiC Fibers imbedded in a Ti-6Al-4V matrix. Engineering moduli were deduced from measured elastic constants. We used the Varshni equation to fit the temperature dependence of the elastic constants and the engineering moduli. The measured data were used to deduce the engineering moduli for off-axis loading conditions at various temperatures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Mat Sci, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. RP Schwarz, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Vuorinen, Jyrki/G-4256-2014; OI Vuorinen, Jyrki/0000-0002-7537-1557 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1106/002199802023553 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 550MN UT WOS:000175507000004 ER PT J AU Jacob, GC Fellers, JF Simunovic, S Starbuck, JM AF Jacob, GC Fellers, JF Simunovic, S Starbuck, JM TI Energy absorption in polymer composites for automotive crashworthiness SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE crashworthiness; energy absorption; composite materials; crushing ID CRUSHING CHARACTERISTICS; TUBES; FIBER; CAPABILITY; BEHAVIOR; EPOXY; SECTIONS; STRAIN; SPEED AB The energy absorption capability of a composite material is critical to developing improved human safety in an automotive crash. Energy absorption is dependent on many parameters like fiber type, matrix type, fiber architecture, specimen geometry, processing conditions, fiber volume fraction, and testing speed. Changes in these parameters can cause subsequent changes in the specific energy absorption (E-S) of composite materials up to a factor of 2. This paper is a detailed review of the energy absorption characteristics in polymer composite materials. An attempt is made to draw together and categorize the work done in the field of composite energy absorption that has been published in the literature in order to better understand the effect of a particular parameter on the energy absorption capability of composite materials. A description of the various test methodologies and crushing modes in composite tubes is also presented. Finally, this paper raises certain design issues by examining the work rate decay necessary to keep the deceleration below 20g during an impact crash. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jacob, GC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Starbuck, James/E-1442-2017 OI Starbuck, James/0000-0002-3814-9156 NR 53 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 7 U2 46 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2002 VL 36 IS 7 BP 813 EP 850 DI 10.1106/002199802023164 PG 38 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 562MR UT WOS:000176201900003 ER PT J AU Sorenson, JM Head-Gordon, T AF Sorenson, JM Head-Gordon, T TI Protein engineering study of protein L by simulation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phi-values; off-lattice models; protein L; protein folding; multiple histogram method ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE ELEMENTS; FOLDING TRANSITION-STATE; RATE-LIMITING STEP; B1 DOMAIN; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; LATTICE MODELS; CORE; SUBSTITUTIONS; KINETICS AB We examine the ability of our recently introduced minimalist protein model to reproduce experimentally measured thermodynamic and kinetic changes upon sequence mutation in the well-studied immunoglobulin-binding protein L. We have examined five different sequence mutations of protein L that are meant to mimic the same mutation type studied experimentally: two different mutations which disrupt the natural preference in the beta-hairpin #1 and beta-hairpin #2 turn regions, two different helix mutants where a surface polar residue in the alpha-helix has been mutated to a hydrophobic residue, and a final mutant to further probe the role of nonnative hydrophobic interactions in the folding process. These simulated mutations are analyzed in terms of various kinetic and thermodynamic changes with respect to wild type, but in addition we evaluate the structure-activity relationship of our model protein based on the phi-value calculated from both the kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives. We find that the simulated thermodynamic phi-values reproduce the experimental trends in the mutations studied and allow us to circumvent the difficult interpretation of the complicated kinetics of our model. Furthermore, the level of resolution of the model allows us to directly predict what experiments seek in regard to protein engineering studies of protein folding-namely the residues or portions of the polypeptide chain that contribute to the crucial step in the folding of the wild-type protein. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, 472 Donner Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 35 EP 54 DI 10.1089/10665270252833181 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 531QL UT WOS:000174426900003 PM 11911794 ER PT J AU Rognlien, TD Xu, XQ Hindmarsh, AC AF Rognlien, TD Xu, XQ Hindmarsh, AC TI Application of parallel implicit methods to edge-plasma numerical simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE parallel computation; edge plasma; plasma transport; plasma turbulence; Newton-Krylov ID DIVERTOR GEOMETRY; TURBULENCE; SYSTEMS AB A description is given of the parallelization algorithms and results for two codes used extensively to model edge plasmas in magnetic fusion energy devices. The codes are UEDGE, which calculates two-dimensional plasma and neutral gas profiles over long equilibrium time scales, and BOUT, which calculates three-dimensional plasma turbulence using experimental or UEDGE profiles. Both codes describe the plasma behavior using fluid equations. A domain decomposition model is used for parallelization by dividing the global spatial simulation region into a set of domains. This approach allows the use of a recently developed Newton-Krylov numerical solver, PVODE. Results show nearly an order of magnitude speedup in execution time for the plasma transport equations with UEDGE when the time-dependent system is integrated to steady state. A limitation that is identified for UEDGE is the inclusion of the (unmagnetized) fluid gas equations on a highly anisotropic mesh. The speedup of BOUT scales nearly linearly up to 64 processors and gets an additional speedup factor of 3-6 by using the fully implicit Newton-Krylov solver compared to an Adams predictor corrector. The turbulent transport coefficients obtained from BOUT guide the use of anomalous transport models within UEDGE, with the eventual goal of a self-consistent coupling. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rognlien, TD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-630,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 175 IS 1 BP 249 EP 268 DI 10.1006/jcph.2001.6944 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 511TC UT WOS:000173280800010 ER PT J AU Chandler, EA Yip, S de la Rubia, TD AF Chandler, EA Yip, S de la Rubia, TD TI International Workshop on Multiscale Modeling of Material Strength and Failure, held at Bodega Bay, California, October 7-10, 2001 - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chandler, EA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1023/A:1026097112925 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 730JD UT WOS:000185826900001 ER PT J AU Moriarty, JA Vitek, V Bulatov, VV Yip, S AF Moriarty, JA Vitek, V Bulatov, VV Yip, S TI Atomistic simulations of dislocations and defects SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Review DE atomistic simulation; elasticity; dislocations; defects; multiscale modeling; plasticity; strength ID BCC TRANSITION-METALS; BOND-ORDER POTENTIALS; CENTERED-CUBIC METALS; TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARY; GENERALIZED PSEUDOPOTENTIAL THEORY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CALCULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MOLYBDENUM SINGLE-CRYSTALS; KINKED SCREW DISLOCATIONS AB This paper reviews selected recent research on the atomistic simulation of dislocation and defect properties of materials relevant to the multiscale modeling of plasticity and strength, with special emphasis on bcc metals and including work at extreme conditions. Current topics discussed include elasticity and ideal strength, dislocation structure and mobility, grain boundaries, point defects, and rapid resolidification, as well as noteworthy examples of research that directly impacts the issue of linking of length and/or time scales, as required in multiscale materials modeling. The work reviewed has been inspired by the recent international Workshop on Multiscale Modeling of Materials Strength and Failure held in October 2001 at Bodega Bay, California. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM moriarty2@llnl.gov NR 169 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 99 EP 132 DI 10.1023/A:1026022602578 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 730JD UT WOS:000185826900002 ER PT J AU Bulatov, VV AF Bulatov, VV TI Current developments and trends in dislocation dynamics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Article DE crystal plasticity; Dislocation Dynamics; multiscale modeling ID CROSS-SLIP; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; PLASTIC-FLOW; MULTISCALE MODEL; SIMULATIONS; SILICON; METALS; MOTION; FIELD; ENERGETICS AB Recent developments and applications of Dislocation Dynamics (DD) methodology are discussed in the context of their relevance to the Dynamics of Metals program at LLNL and parallel efforts elsewhere. The paper begins with a discussion of existing and developing linkages between DD and atomistic simulations (see the companion paper by Moriarty et al. in this issue). We then continue with an overview of the recent methodological developments leading to a discussion of connections between DD simulations and continuum meso-scale modeling and experiment (see the companion article by Becker et al. in this issue). The section finishes with a brief summary of issues that need to be resolved in the near future for the DD approach to deliver on its promise. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bulatov, VV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1023/A:1026070518508 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 730JD UT WOS:000185826900003 ER PT J AU Becker, R AF Becker, R TI Developments and trends in continuum plasticity SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; crystal plasticity; localization; multiscale modeling ID DUCTILE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DISLOCATION DYNAMICS; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM; MODEL; FLOW; SIMULATIONS; ZIRCONIUM AB Multiscale modeling applied to meso and macro scale continuum calculations is a broad field with a long history. It encompasses hardening relations based on dislocation density, porosity related ductile failure models, crystal plasticity, composite media and numerous other general topics dating back more than half a century. There are also a myriad of more recent activities that can be grouped under this subject heading. Emphasis will be placed on efforts described at the Bodega Bay workshop aimed at bridging length scales rather than focusing on model developments at any particular length scale. Also, areas will be highlighted where additional connections should be possible with available tools; methods exist but need to be exercised; and critical experiments are needed for validation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Becker, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 145 EP 163 DI 10.1023/A:1026074619417 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 730JD UT WOS:000185826900004 ER PT J AU Belak, J AF Belak, J TI Multi-scale applications to high strain-rate dynamic fracture SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Article DE dynamic fracture; multi-scale modeling; spallation; void growth ID DUCTILE FRACTURE; VOID NUCLEATION; LENGTH SCALES; METALS; PLASTICITY; SIMULATION; CRITERIA; FAILURE; GROWTH; SOLIDS AB Though the bulk of the Bodega Bay Multi-Scale Modeling workshop was devoted to understanding flow stress within the multi-scale paradigm, a dedicated session was devoted to Dynamic Failure and Fracture. Here, we review recent developments with emphasis on work presented at the workshop in the area of ductile dynamic fracture. The paper begins with a discussion of the relevant experimental observations, followed by an overview of the mechanisms of void nucleation and growth at high strain-rate, including dislocation processes ( see the companion review by Bulatov in this issue). While the connection to the continuum is at its infancy, we present some directions that hold promise. Shear localization from the continuum perspective is presented in the companion review by Becker et al. This section finishes with a brief summary of issues that need to be resolved to apply the full apparatus of multi-scale modeling to dynamic fracture. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Belak, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM belak@llnl.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1023/A:1026005627441 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 730JD UT WOS:000185826900005 ER PT J AU Bedrov, D Ayyagari, C Smith, GD Sewell, TD Menikoff, R Zaug, JM AF Bedrov, D Ayyagari, C Smith, GD Sewell, TD Menikoff, R Zaug, JM TI Molecular dynamics simulations of HMX crystal polymorphs using a flexible molecule force field SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Article DE HMX crystal; molecular dynamics; physical properties ID OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE HMX AB Molecular dynamics simulations using a recently developed quantum chemistry-based atomistic force field [J. Phys. Chem. B, 103 (1999) 3570] were performed in order to obtain unit cell parameters, coefficients of thermal expansion, and heats of sublimation for the three pure crystal polymorphs of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). The predictions for beta-, alpha-, and delta-HMX showed good agreement with the available experimental data. For the case of beta-HMX, anisotropic sound speeds were calculated from the molecular dynamics simulation-predicted elastic coefficients and compared with recent Impulsive Stimulated Light Scattering (ISLS) sound speed measurements. The level of agreement is encouraging. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sewell, TD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2-3 BP 77 EP 85 AR UNSP 401212.oas PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 581LG UT WOS:000177293400001 ER PT J AU Finsterle, S Fabryka-Martin, JT Wang, JSY AF Finsterle, S Fabryka-Martin, JT Wang, JSY TI Migration of a water pulse through fractured porous media SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsaturated zone; fracture-matrix interaction; dual permeability; numerical modeling; Yucca Mountain ID THICK UNSATURATED ZONES; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; ROCK FRACTURES; VADOSE ZONE; FLOW; MODEL; SEEPAGE; PERMEABILITY; NEVADA AB Contaminant transport from waste-disposal sites is strongly affected by the presence of fractures and the degree of fracture-matrix interaction. Characterization of potential contaminant plumes at such sites is difficult, both experimentally and numerically. Simulations of water flow through fractured rock were performed to examine the penetration depth of a large pulse of water entering such a system. Construction water traced with lithium bromide was released during the excavation of a tunnel at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, which is located in an unsaturated fractured tuff formation. Modeling of construction-water migration is qualitatively compared with bromide-to-chloride ratio (Br/Cl) data for pore-water salts extracted from drillcores. The influences of local heterogeneities in the fracture network and variations in hydrogeologic parameters were examined by sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results are qualitatively consistent with the observed Br/Cl signals, although these data may only indicate a minimum penetration depth, and water tray have migrated farther through the fracture network. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Finsterle, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Mail Stop 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00163-2 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 514GC UT WOS:000173429700003 PM 11858195 ER PT J AU Mattson, ED Bowman, RS Lindgren, ER AF Mattson, ED Bowman, RS Lindgren, ER TI Electrokinetic ion transport through unsaturated soil: 1. Theory, model development, and testing SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE electrokinetics; unsaturated; transport; inorganic ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THEORETICAL PREDICTION; POROUS-MEDIA; REMEDIATION; CONTAMINANTS; ELECTROOSMOSIS; REMOVAL; WATER AB An electromigration transport model for non-reactive ion transport in unsaturated soil was developed and tested against laboratory experiments. This model assumed the electric potential field was constant with respect to tinge, an assumption valid for highly buffered soil, or when the electrode electrolysis reactions are neutralized. The model also assumed constant moisture contents and temperature with respect to time, and that electroosmotic and hydraulic transport of water through the soil was negligible. A functional relationship between ionic mobility and the electrolyte concentration was estimated using the chemical activity coefficient. Tortuosity was calculated front a mathematical relationship fitted to the electrical conductivity of the bulk pore water and soil moisture dates. The functional relationship between ionic mobility, pore-water concentration, and tortuosity as a function of moisture content allowed the model to predict ion transport in heterogeneous unsaturated soils. The model was tested against laboratory measurements assessing anionic electromigration as a function of moisture content. In the test cell, a strip of soil was spiked with red dye No 40 and monitored for a 24-h period while a 10-mA current was maintained between the electrodes. Electromigration velocities predicted by the electromigration transport model were in agreement with laboratory experimental results. Both laboratory-measured and model-predicted dye migration results indicated a maximum transport velocity at moisture contents less than saturation due to competing effects between current density and tortuosity as moisture content decreases. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All right, reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Geosci Res Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mattson, ED (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Geosci Res Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Mattson, Earl/0000-0002-2616-0008 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00144-9 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 514GC UT WOS:000173429700006 PM 11848268 ER PT J AU Mattson, ED Bowman, RS Lindgren, ER AF Mattson, ED Bowman, RS Lindgren, ER TI Electrokinetic ion transport through unsaturated soil: 2. Application to a heterogeneous field site SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE elecrokinetic ion transport; unsaturated soil; heterogeneous field site ID CONTAMINANTS; REMEDIATION; REMOVAL AB Results of a field demonstration of electrokinetic transport of acetate through an unsaturated heterogeneous soil are compared to numerical modeling predictions. The numerical model was based on the groundwater Row and transport codes MODFLOW and MT3D modified to account for electrically induced ion transport. The G-month field demonstration was conducted in an unsaturated layered soil profile where the soil moisture content ranged froth 4% to 28% (m(3) m(-3)). Specially designed ceramic-cased electrodes maintained a steady-state moisture content and electric potential field between tile electrodes during the field demonstration. Acetate, a byproduct of acetic acid neutralization of the cathode electrolysis reaction, was transported From the cathode to the anode by electromigration. Field demonstration results indicated preferential transport of acetate through soil layers exhibiting higher moisture content/electrical conductivity. These field transport results agree with theoretical predictions that electromigration velocity is proportional to a power function of the effective moisture content. A numerical model using a homogeneous moisture content/electrical conductivity domain did not adequately predict the acetate field results. Numerical model predictions using a three-layer electrical conductivity/moisture content profile agreed qualitatively with the observed acetate distribution. These results suggest that Geld heterogeneities must be incorporated into electrokinetic models to predict ion transport at the field-scale. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Geosci Res Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mattson, ED (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Geosci Res Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Mattson, Earl/0000-0002-2616-0008 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00145-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 514GC UT WOS:000173429700007 PM 11848264 ER PT J AU Kurtz, S Reedy, R Barber, GD Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ McMahon, WE Olson, JM AF Kurtz, S Reedy, R Barber, GD Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ McMahon, WE Olson, JM TI Incorporation of nitrogen into GaAsN grown by MOCVD using different precursors SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE metalorganic chemical vapor deposition organometallic vapor phase epitaxy; arsenides; gallium compounds; nitrides; semiconducting III-V materials ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SOLAR-CELLS; N INCORPORATION; GAINNAS; 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE AB The incorporation of nitrogen into GaAsN grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition is reported as a function of growth conditions and various combinations of nitrogen and gallium precursors, For all of the precursors, the incorporation of nitrogen is increased by decreasing growth temperature and arsine flow and increasing growth rate. NF3 is shown to incorporate nitrogen very much like hydrazine, both of which are more efficient nitrogen sources than u-dimethylhydrazine. The choice of gallium precursor (triethylgallium or trimethylgallium) also affects the nitrogen incorporation. The growth rate of the GaAsN is decreased at low temperatures when trimethylgallium is used and at high temperatures when NF3 is used. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kurtz, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN PY 2002 VL 234 IS 2-3 BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01711-0 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 507XX UT WOS:000173057500006 ER PT J AU Kurtz, S Reedy, R Keyes, B Barber, GD Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ McMahon, WE Olson, JM AF Kurtz, S Reedy, R Keyes, B Barber, GD Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ McMahon, WE Olson, JM TI Evaluation of NF3 versus dimethylhydrazine as N sources for GaAsN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; organometallic vapor phase epitaxy; arsenides; gallium compounds; nitrides; semiconducting III-V materials ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SOLAR-CELLS; GAINNAS; GROWTH AB Two nitrogen precursors (NF3 and u-dimethylhydrazine) and two gallium precursors (trimethylgallium and triethylgallium) are explored for the growth of GaAs1-xNx by metal-organic, chemical-vapor deposition. The carbon and hydrogen impurity levels are relatively unaffected by changing nitrogen precursors, but the use of triethylgallium decreases the carbon contamination. These lower carbon levels are not correlated with a significant change in the background hole concentration except for x<0.2%. The photoluminescence and Hall data for as-grown GaAsN are also unaffected by the choice of nitrogen precursor. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kurtz, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN PY 2002 VL 234 IS 2-3 BP 323 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01712-2 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 507XX UT WOS:000173057500007 ER PT J AU Dong, JH de Almeida, VF Tsouris, C AF Dong, JH de Almeida, VF Tsouris, C TI Effects of applied electric fields on drop-interface and drop-drop coalescence SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID DISPERSIONS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; PHASE INVERSION; SINGLE DROPS; WATER AB In this work, coalescence of a single organic or aqueous drop with its homophase at a horizontal liquid interface was investigated under applied electric fields. The coalescence time was found to decrease for aqueous drops as the applied voltage was increased, regardless of the polarity of the voltage. For organic drops, the coalescence time increased with increasing applied voltage of positive polarity and decreased with increasing applied voltage of negative polarity. Under an electric field, the coalescence time of aqueous drops decreases due to polarization of both the drop and the flat interface. The dependency of organic drop-interface coalescence on the polarity of the electric field may be a result of the negatively charged organic surface in the aqueous phase. Due to the formation of a double layer, organic drops are subjected to an electrostatic force under an electric field, which, depending on the field polarity, can be attractive or repulsive. Pair-drop coalescence of aqueous drops in the organic phase was also studied. Aqueous drop-drop coalescence is facilitated by polarization and drop deformation under applied electric fields. Without applied electric fields, drop deformation increases the drainage time of the liquid film between two approaching drops. Therefore, a decrease in the interfacial tension, which causes drop deformation, accelerates drop-drop coalescence under an electric field and inhibits drop coalescence in the absence of an electric field. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016; de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027; de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1-3 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1080/01932690208984196 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 562NQ UT WOS:000176205200015 ER PT J AU Ying, TY Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C AF Ying, TY Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C TI An electrochemical method for the formation of magnetite particles SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetite; electrocoagulation; electrochemical precipitation ID WATER; PRECIPITATION; FE3O4 AB Magnetite has been widely used in numerous industrial processes and environmental applications. The conventional method for the production of magnetite particles, based on the mixing of ferrous and ferric ions at a 1: 2 molar ratio, produces high pH secondary wastewater that requires further treatment. This study investigates an alternative approach based on. electrochemical reactions for the production of magnetite particles, a process in which ions of iron are produced by carbon steel electrodes and pure magnetite particles are formed through electrochemical reactions under favorable conditions. To better understand the mechanisms involved, experiments were conducted to examine the effects of various electrolytes-such as those of NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and CuCl2-and various operating conditions-including temperature and applied voltage-on the formation of magnetite particles. It was observed that magnetite could form in NaCl solutions in the presence or absence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions, while only insignificant quantities of magnetite particles were observed in tap water and CuCl2 solutions. A mechanistic study of magnetite formation based on the E-pH diagram is presented, and the reactions involved are identified. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.1081/DIS-120014025 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 600GA UT WOS:000178381200013 ER PT J AU Allen, CW Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE Song, MH Furuya, K Ishikawa, N Mitsuishi, K AF Allen, CW Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE Song, MH Furuya, K Ishikawa, N Mitsuishi, K TI Melting and crystallization of Xe nanoprecipitates in Al under 1 MeV electron irradiation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE high-resolution electron microscopy; aluminium; Xe precipitate; irradiation; nanocrystal; melting; phase transition ID ALUMINUM; COALESCENCE; BEHAVIOR AB Xe nanoprecipitates have been produced by ion implantation into high purity Al at 300 K. With an off-zone axis high resolution imaging technique, Xe nanocrystals may be clearly structure imaged against a weak structure image of the Al matrix. Under the 1 MeV electron irradiation employed for the HREM observation, the nanoprecipitates exhibit a number of readily observed phenomena including migration within the matrix, changes in shape, faulting, melting, crystallization and coalescence, associated with changes in interface structure. This paper examines the possible mechanisms for melting arid crystallization of the nanoprecipitates: beam heating and changes in precipitate volume associated with fluctuations in arrival of Al vacancies and interstitials, or with transport of Xe to and from the Al matrix due to electron irradiation damage in the Al and/or the Xe. Biased fluctuations in the point defect fluxes will produce Volume changes in the Al cavity confining the Xe with corresponding deviations from the equilibrium pressure, 2gamma/R(0), associated with the interfacial tension gamma. C1 Univ Salford, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050003, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allen, CW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 212-E211, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM allen@aaem.amc.anl.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2002 VL 51 SU S BP S175 EP S181 DI 10.1093/jmicro/51.Supplement.S175 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 569HG UT WOS:000176596500024 ER PT J AU Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M Plass, R Schofield, MA Giese, DR Sharma, R AF Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M Plass, R Schofield, MA Giese, DR Sharma, R TI In situ and ex situ electron microscopy studies of polar oxide surfaces with rock-salt structure SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE polar oxide surfaces; MgO(111); NiO(111); reconstructions ID 111 SURFACES; MGO(111) SURFACES; MADELUNG PROBLEM; CA SEGREGATION; MGO; RECONSTRUCTION; STABILITY; NIO(111); CRYSTALS; MGO(100) AB We present the fundamental problem of polar oxide Surfaces and overview the different models for the stabilization of their diverging surface energy. We focus on contributions from ex situ and in situ electron microscopy and diffraction techniques toward distinguishing between competing stabilization mechanisms in oxides with rock-salt structure. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Surface Studies Lab, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gajdardziska-Josifovska, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RI Gajdardziska-Josifovska, Marija/H-9586-2014 NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2002 VL 51 SU S BP S13 EP S25 DI 10.1093/jmicro/51.Supplement.S13 PG 13 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 569HG UT WOS:000176596500003 ER PT J AU Ishimaru, M Hirotsu, Y Sickafus, KE AF Ishimaru, M Hirotsu, Y Sickafus, KE TI Ion-beam-induced structural changes in MgAl2O4 and TiO2 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE ion irradiation; spinel; rutile; structural changes; high-resolution transmission electron microscopy; selected area electron diffraction ID MAGNESIUM ALUMINATE SPINEL; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LATTICE DISORDER; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; IRRADIATION; AMORPHIZATION; LOCATION AB Microstructures of ion irradiated magnesium-aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) and rutile (TiO2) were examined in detail using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Single crystalline (111)-oriented MgAl2O4 and (100)-oriented rutile wafers were used for irradiation experiments. Based on selected area electron diffraction patterns, high-resolution TEM images, and their Fourier transforms, the following results were obtained. ( I) Prior to amorphization, an ordered MgAl2O4 spinel transforms into a disordered rock salt-like phase, in which all cations reside on octahedral interstices within a pseudo-cubic close-packed oxygen anion sublattice. (2) Ion beam irradiation of rutile induces a reoriented surface layer which consists of rutile crystallites, some with the same orientation as the original substrate, and some with different orientations compared to the original single crystal. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ishimaru, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2002 VL 51 SU S BP S219 EP S224 DI 10.1093/jmicro/51.Supplement.S219 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 569HG UT WOS:000176596500031 ER PT J AU Johnson, E Johansen, A Nelson, C Dahmen, U AF Johnson, E Johansen, A Nelson, C Dahmen, U TI Nanoscale lead-tin inclusions in aluminium SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE Pb-Sn alloys; nanosized inclusions; extended solubility; transmission electron microscopy; Gibbs-Thomson effect; in situ melting ID METASTABLE PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; PB INCLUSIONS; THALLIUM INCLUSIONS; ALLOY SYSTEM; AL MATRIX; SOLIDIFICATION; PARTICLES; IMPLANTATION; BEHAVIOR; SHAPES AB Nanoscale lead-tin alloy inclusions have been made by sequential ion implantation of lead and tin in aluminium targets at 150 and 200degreesC. The alloy inclusions with sizes in the range of 2-20 nm form spontaneously during the ion implantation, independent of whether lead or tin is implanted first. Alloys with nominal compositions of Pb:Sn equal to 1:1 and 1:3, respectively, have inclusion microstructures consisting of segments of a lead-rich fcc phase and a tin-rich tetragonal phase attached to each other along internal interfaces that are often close to (111)(fcc). The overall morphology of the inclusions is cuboctahedral-like and most of the inclusions are bicrystalline. Some inclusions, however, have multicrystalline morphology where one or two slabs of lead are attached between two segments of tin or vice versa, resembling a lamellar eutectic structure of nanoscale dimensions. The lead-rich fcc phase grows in parallel cube alignment with the matrix while the orientation relationship of the tin-rich phase varies. Many, inclusions have the {111}(Pb) planes parallel to the {100}(Sn) planes and in this common plane both the <001>(Sn) and <011>(Sn) directions have been found to be parallel to <110>(Al). Nanoprobe Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis on the two-phase inclusions with sizes in the range of 10-20 nm shows that both phases are supersaturated, and their concentrations are considerably larger than given by the phase diagram, at around 100degreesC, where equilibrium can still be attained by diffusion. inclusions less than about 5-10 nm in size nearly always display a single phase fcc structure with tin concentrations that can be as high as 50 at.%. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnson, E (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Univ Pk 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2002 VL 51 SU S BP S201 EP S209 DI 10.1093/jmicro/51.Supplement.S201 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 569HG UT WOS:000176596500028 ER PT J AU Kabius, B Haider, M Uhlemann, S Schwan, E Urban, K Rose, H AF Kabius, B Haider, M Uhlemann, S Schwan, E Urban, K Rose, H TI First application of a spherical-aberration corrected transmission electron microscope in materials science SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE TEM; aberrations; C(s) correction; contrast delocalization; interfaces; silicides ID ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; FOCUS AB One of the most challenging tasks for high-resolution electron microscopy is the investigation of the atomic structure of defects, interfaces, and grain boundaries. in particular, the application of thin films in electronic devices requires detailed knowledge of the microstructure, which can influence the electronic and optical properties. These tasks require a point resolution down to about 0.1 nm because this enables structure imaging for many semiconductors and metals. The resolution of transmission electron microscopes is limited, besides other parameters, by the spherical aberration coefficient C(s) of the objective lens and the wavelength lambda of the electrons. Commercial medium-voltage microscopes up to 400 kV offer only a point resolution of 0.16 nm due to the high spherical-aberration constant C(s) of the electromagnetic objective lens. Controlling the value of C(s) by a corrector lens system can offer the required resolution even at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. Recently, a lens system for C(s)-correction, based on hexapole lenses, has been developed at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg and incorporated in a commercial 200 kV instrument equipped with a field emission gun (Haider M, Rose H, Uhlemann H, Schwan E, Kabius B and Urban K Nature 392: 768 (1998) [1]). This system allows the C(s)-value to be set between +2.0 mm and -0.05 mm. For the present investigation, we have adjusted a C(s)-value of 50 mum in order to achieve optimum phase contrast, which improved the point resolution to 0.14 nm. Structure imaging can be performed down to atomic distances of 0.14 nm. A further unique advantage of C(s) correction is the reduction of contrast delocalization, which is a major obstacle in the interpretation of images of defects and interfaces. The influence of C(s) on contrast delocalization is demonstrated for a Si/CoSi(2) interface. The unique combination of a low acceleration voltage and aberration-free imaging down to the information limit offers new prospects for the interpretation of non-periodic structures as defects and interfaces in crystalline materials. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CEOS GmbH, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Inst Angew Phys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Kabius, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kabius@anl.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2002 VL 51 BP S51 EP S58 DI 10.1093/jmicro/51.Supplement.S51 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 569HG UT WOS:000176596500007 ER PT J AU Lim, SH Washburn, J Liliental-Weber, Z AF Lim, SH Washburn, J Liliental-Weber, Z TI Transmission electron microscopy analysis of interfacial layers in Ti/Ta/Al ohmic contacts to n-AlGaN SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE high-resolution electron microscopy; image simulations; ohmic contacts; metallization; interfacial layers ID GAN; MICROSTRUCTURE; TI/AL AB Structure of the interfacial layers of Ti/Ta/Al ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN/sapphire has been investigated by high-resolution electron micro,,copy (HREM). HREM, optical diffractograins, and image simulations showed that TiN (similar to10.0 nm) and Ti3AlN (similar to1.4 nm) interfacial layers form at the interface between the Ti layer and the AlGaN during the annealing. The cubic Ti3AlN layer has a lattice parameter of 0.411+/-0.003 nm with the space group Pm3m matching that of AlGaN. A model of the atomic arrangements of the Ti3AlN/Al0.35Ga0.65N interface is proposed. This model is supported by a good match between the simulated and the experimental image. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2002 VL 51 SU S BP S171 EP S174 DI 10.1093/jmicro/51.Supplement.S171 PG 4 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 569HG UT WOS:000176596500023 ER PT J AU Lim, SH Shindo, D AF Lim, SH Shindo, D TI High-resolution electron microscopy of stacking faults in heteroepitaxial ZnO/LiTaO3 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE high-resolution electron microscopy; computer simulation; ZnO; stacking fault ID GROWTH AB The structural analyses of the defects for ZnO films on (01 (1) over bar2) r-plane LiTaO3 substrate were carried out using electron diffraction, high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), and image simulations. The epitaxial relationship was found to be [0001](ZnO)parallel to[0 (1) over bar 11](LiTaO3) and (11 (2) over bar0)(ZnO)parallel to (01 (1) over bar2)(LiTaO3). The dominant defects observed in the ZnO films were characterized as the type I-1 intrinsic stacking faults with the displacement vector (a / 6)[20 (2) over bar3], leading to a local zinc-blende structure in the wurtzite ZnO matrix. HREM studies show that stacking faults in the ZnO film may be formed to accommodate tilting of the films as required to maintain a particular epitaxial relationship with respect to the substrate. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Lim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Shindo, Daisuke/I-3865-2012 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2002 VL 51 SU S BP S165 EP S169 DI 10.1093/jmicro/51.Supplement.S165 PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 569HG UT WOS:000176596500022 ER PT J AU Ono, K Arakawa, K Hojou, K Oohasi, M Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE AF Ono, K Arakawa, K Hojou, K Oohasi, M Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE TI Quantitative study of Brownian motion of helium bubbles in fcc metals SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE helium bubble; diffusion; ion irradiation; in situ electron microscopy; aluminium; austenitic alloy ID IN-SITU OBSERVATION; ALUMINUM; GOLD; DIFFUSION; MIGRATION; GROWTH AB Dynamical process of helium bubbles I in face-centred cubic (fcc) m I eta I Is I h I as I been studied by in situ irradiation and electron microscopy with a video recording system. Brownian type motion of helium bubbles was demonstrated quantitatively by establishing a proportional relation between the mean square of the bubble migration distance and time. This relation yielded the diffusion coefficient of the bubble. Examples of Brownian motion in the matrix and along general grain boundaries in pure aluminium are shown comparatively. Similar Brownian motion was also observed in an Fe-16Cr-17Ni austenitic alloy. it was revealed from scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy-loss spectroscopy that Cr was depleted around the bubble surface, but Ni was enriched. Response of the bubble motion to irradiation with high-energy self-ions was examined in pure aluminium and both effects of enhancement and retardation of the bubble mobility were found. C1 Shimane Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Salford, Dept Phys, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. RP Ono, K (reprint author), Shimane Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2002 VL 51 SU S BP S245 EP S251 DI 10.1093/jmicro/51.Supplement.S245 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 569HG UT WOS:000176596500036 ER PT J AU Tanaka, I Mizoguchi, T Yoshiya, M Ogasawara, K Adachi, H Mo, SD Ching, WY AF Tanaka, I Mizoguchi, T Yoshiya, M Ogasawara, K Adachi, H Mo, SD Ching, WY TI First principles calculation of ELNES by LCAO methods SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE core-hole effects; boron nitride; cluster method; supercell method; multi-electron; calculations; relativistic theory ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; FINE-STRUCTURE; SPECTRA; BN; CLUSTERS; CARBON; BORON; EELS AB Our recent works to reproduce and interpret experimental electron energy-loss near-edge structures (ELNES) are reviewed. Wave functions are significantly localized at the final state of the excitation to make the ELNES. inclusion of core-hole effects is, therefore, mandatory to calculate ELNES. The molecular orbital approach using small clusters can reproduce the spectral features qualitatively well, since wave functions are forced to be localized by the Cluster method. The linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)-based cluster method has the advantage of interpreting the origin of the spectral features in a simple manner, especially when combined with overlap population diagrams. Quantitative reproduction of ELNES at edges of normal sp-elements can be made by LCAO-based band-structure calculations when sufficiently large supercells are chosen and the dipole matrix elements are computed. Contrary to these 'normal' edges, the L-2,L-3 edge of the 3d-transition metal elements cannot be reproduced in these ways, because the interactions between 2p-hole and 3d electrons as well as the spin-orbit coupling are not negligible. The need for relativistic many-electrons calculations is, therefore, emphasized. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RP Tanaka, I (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Yoshida, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RI Ching, Wai-Yim/B-4686-2009; Mizoguchi, Teruyasu/B-8044-2008; Tanaka, Isao/B-5941-2009; Yoshiya, Masato/A-6155-2011 OI Ching, Wai-Yim/0000-0001-7738-8822; Mizoguchi, Teruyasu/0000-0003-3712-7307; Yoshiya, Masato/0000-0003-2029-2525 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2002 VL 51 SU S BP S107 EP S112 DI 10.1093/jmicro/51.Supplement.S107 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 569HG UT WOS:000176596500014 ER PT J AU Myrseth, V Bozek, JD Kukk, E Saethre, LJ Thomas, TD AF Myrseth, V Bozek, JD Kukk, E Saethre, LJ Thomas, TD TI Adiabatic and vertical carbon 1s ionization energies in representative small molecules SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE carbon 1s core-ionization energies ID VIBRATIONAL STRUCTURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ELECTRON-IMPACT; CORE-HOLE; GAS-PHASE; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; LIFETIME; EMISSION; ETHENE AB Adiabatic and vertical carbon is ionization energies are reported for methane (CH4), ethane (CH3CH3), ethene (CH2CH2), ethyne (HCCH), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), fluoromethane (CH3F), trifluoromethane (CHF3), and tetrafluoromethane (CF4) with an absolute accuracy of about 0.03 eV The results are in good agreement with earlier values but are measured with higher resolution and accuracy than has previously been available. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Chem, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM thomast@chem.orst.edu RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 32 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 122 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(01)00321-8 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 510CK UT WOS:000173191000006 ER PT J AU Zbib, HM de la Rubia, TD Bulatov, V AF Zbib, HM de la Rubia, TD Bulatov, V TI A multiscale model of plasticity based on discrete dislocation dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID STRESS-FIELDS; CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; SLIP; FCC AB We present a framework coupling continuum elasto-viscoplasticity with three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics. In this approach, the elastic response is governed by the classical Hooke's law and the viscoplastic behavior is determined by the motion of curved dislocations in a three-dimensional space. The resulting hybrid continuum-discrete frame work, is formulated into a standard finite element model where the dislocation-induced stress is homogenized over each element with a similar treatment for the dislocation-induced plastic strain. The model can be used to investigate a wide range of small scale plasticity, phenomena, including microshear bands, adiabatic shear bands, stability and formation of dislocation cells, thin films and multiplayer structures. Here we present results pertaining to the formation of deformation bands and surface distortions under dynamic loading conditions and show the capability of the model in analyzing complicated deformation-induced patterns. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zbib, HM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 18 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1115/1.1421351 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 547KE UT WOS:000175330900012 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Hanson, PJ Todd, DE AF Johnson, DW Hanson, PJ Todd, DE TI The effects of throughfall manipulation on soil leaching in a deciduous forest SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE RESIN; PRECIPITATION; TENNESSEE; CALCIUM AB The effects of changing precipitation on soil leaching in a deciduous forest were examined by experimentally manipulating throughfall. fluxes in the field. In addition to an ambient treatment (AMB), throughfall fluxes were reduced by 33% (DRY treatment) and increased by 33% (WET treatment) using a system of rain gutters and sprinklers on Walker Branch Watershed,. Tennessee. Soil leaching was measured with resin lysimeters in the 0 horizons and with ceramic cup lysimeters in the E (25 cm) and Bt (70 cm) horizons. Large and statistically significant treatment effects on N fluxes were found in the 0 horizons (lower N fluxes in the DRY and higher N fluxes in the WET treatment). Together with the greater 0 horizon N content observed in the DRY treatment, this suggested that N was being immobilized at a greater rate in, the DRY treatment than in, the AMB or WET,treatments. No statistically significant treatment effects on soil solution were found in the E horizons with the exception of (Ca2+ + Mg2+) to K+ ratio. Statistically significant treatment effects on electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, SO42-, and Cl- were found in the Bt horizons due to differences between the DRY and other treatments. Despite this, calculated fluxes of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, SO42-, and Cl- were lowest in the DRY treatment. These results suggest that lower precipitation will cause temporary N immobilization in litter and long-term enrichment in soil base cations whereas increased precipitation will cause long-term depletion of soil base cations. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Fleischmann Agr Bldg,370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 204 EP 216 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515FG UT WOS:000173484300024 PM 11837424 ER PT J AU Oleksyk, TK Gashchak, SP Glenn, TC Jagoe, CH Peles, JD Purdue, JR Tsyusko, OV Zalissky, OO Smith, MH AF Oleksyk, TK Gashchak, SP Glenn, TC Jagoe, CH Peles, JD Purdue, JR Tsyusko, OV Zalissky, OO Smith, MH TI Frequency distributions of Cs-137 in fish and mammal populations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE radiocesium; Cs-137; radioactivity; frequency distribution; fish; mammals; Chernobyl; Chornobyl; Savannah Liver Site ID RADIOCESIUM LEVELS; REACTOR EFFLUENTS; NATURAL VARIATION; CHERNOBYL; SEDIMENTS; BIOACCUMULATION; RESERVOIR; MERCURY; CESIUM; LAKES AB We collected fish and mammals in several radioactively contaminated locations in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone and analyzed them for Cs-137 content. Frequency distributions, ere built for populations of channel catfish, yellow-necked mice and batik boles. We combined our data with similar data from several other studies to demonstrate the relationship between the standard deviations and means of Cs-137 of fish and mammal populations. The frequency distributions of Cs-137 in populations of fish and mammals are not normal. as indicated by the strong relationship between standard deviation and mean. Distributions for mammals are more skewed than those for fish. Fish and mammals probably use their environments in fundamentally different ways. The highest concentrations and thus greatest risks are therefore confined to relatively few individuals in each population. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Int Radioecol Lab, UA-07100 Slavutych, Ukraine. Penn State Univ, McKeeport, PA 15132 USA. Illinois State Museum, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. Chornobyl Sci & Tech Ctr Int Res, UA-07270 Chornobyl, Ukraine. RP Oleksyk, TK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; Taras, Oleksyk/J-8805-2013 OI Taras, Oleksyk/0000-0002-8148-3918 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2002 VL 61 IS 1 BP 55 EP 74 AR PII S0265-931X(01)00114-X DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00114-X PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553AU UT WOS:000175654000005 PM 12113506 ER PT J AU Dasher, D Hanson, W Read, S Faller, S Farmer, D Efurd, W Kelley, J Patrick, R AF Dasher, D Hanson, W Read, S Faller, S Farmer, D Efurd, W Kelley, J Patrick, R TI An assessment of the reported leakage of anthropogenic radionuclides from the underground nuclear test sites at Amchitka Island, Alaska, USA to the surface environment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Environmental Radioactivity in the Aretic CY SEP 20-23, 1999 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND DE Amchitka Island; Alaska; underground nuclear testing; cannikin; long shot; milrow; tritium; plutonium ID PLUTONIUM AB Three underground nuclear tests representing approximately 15-16% of the total effective energy released during the United States underground nuclear testing program from 1951 to 1992 were conducted at Amchitka Island, Alaska. In 1996, Greenpeace reported that leakage of radionuclides, Am-241 and (239) (+) Pu-240, from these underground tests to the terrestrial and freshwater environments had been detected. In response to this report, a federal, state, tribal and non-governmental team conducted a terrestrial and freshwater radiological sampling program in 1997. Additional radiological sampling was conducted in 1998. An assessment of the reported leakage to the freshwater environment was evaluated by assessing 3 H values in surface waters and Pu-240/Pu-239 ratios in various sample media. Tritium values ranged from 0.41 Bq/1 +/- 0.11 two sigma to 0.74Bq/1 +/- 0.126 two sigma at the surface water sites sampled, including the reported leakage sites. Only at the Long Shot test site, where leakage of radioactive gases to the near-surface occurred in 1965, were higher H-3 levels of 5.8 Bq/1 +/- 0.19 two sigma still observed in 1997, in mud pit #3. The mean Pu-240/Pu-239 for all of the Amchitka samples was 0.1991 +/- 0.0149 one standard deviation, with values ranging from 0.1824 +/- 1.43% one sigma to 0.2431 +/- 6.56% one sigma. The measured H-3 levels and Pu-240/Pu-239 ratios in freshwater moss and sediments at Amchitka provide no evidence of leakage occurring at the sites reported by Buske and Miller (1998 Nuclear-Weapons-Free America and Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, Ak, p. 38) and Miller and Buske (1996 Nuclear Flashback: The Return to Anchitka, p. 35). It was noted that the marine sample; Pu-240/Pu-239 ratios are statistically different than the global fallout ratios presented by Krey et al. (1976) and Kelley, Bond, and Beasley (1999). The additional non-fallout component Pu-240/Pu-239 ratio, assuming a single unique source, necessary to modify the global fallout Pu-240/Pu-239 ratio to that treasured in the marine samples is on the order of 0.65 (Hameedi, Efurd, Harmon, Valette-Silver, & Robertson, 1999; Kelley et al., 1999). While this potentially suggests another plutonium source, such as high burn-up nuclear reactor fuel, rather than underground nuclear tests, the uncertainties in analyses and environmental processes need to be fully assessed before any conclusion can be reached. Further work is needed to evaluate these findings and to support any radiological assessment of the marine environment surrounding Amchitka. Based on geohydrological testing and modeling, leakage from the Amchitka Underground Nuclear Tests is projected to occur to the marine environment (Claassen, 1978; Fenske, 1972; Wheatcraft, 1995). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alaska Dept Environm Conserv, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. Hanson Environm Res Serv Inc, Bellingham, WA 98226 USA. US EPA, Radiat & Indoor Environm Natl Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Aleutian Pribilof Isl Assoc, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Dasher, D (reprint author), Alaska Dept Environm Conserv, 610 Univ Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 165 EP 187 AR PII S0265-931X(01)00102-3 DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00102-3 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 533ZQ UT WOS:000174560500011 PM 11936606 ER PT J AU Volpe, AM Bandong, BB Esser, BK Bianchini, M AF Volpe, AM Bandong, BB Esser, BK Bianchini, M TI Radiocesium in North San Francisco Bay and Baja California coastal surface waters SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE radiocesium; rare earth elements; isotope tracer; San Francisco Bay; Baja California ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; RIVER SEDIMENTS; OCEAN; DISTRIBUTIONS; SORPTION; CS-137; CO-60 AB Radiocesium. Cs-137, and rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in suspended material and dissolved fractions of waters across the salinity gradient in North San Francisco Bay (estuary). We describe the variation of this conservative isotope tracer with salinity and sediment load. REE data are used to differentiate marine and terrigenous source terrains for suspended material and dissolved fractions. We estimate that about 1-4 x 10(10) Bq of Cs-137 migrates annually on suspended material through the North Bay. In addition, Cs-137 concentrations were measured in surface waters off Baja California. Combined in situ water density (sigma(t)) and Cs-137 data distinguish between California Current and Gulf of California water. and delineate areas of upwelling, where nutrient-rich, deep Pacific Intermediate water, with little or no Cs-137, is brought to the surface off promontories along Baja California. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Volpe, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, POB 808,L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 365 EP 380 AR PII S0265-931X(01)00115-1 DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00115-1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 545TW UT WOS:000175234500008 PM 12054046 ER PT J AU Hakonson-Hayes, AC Fresquez, PR Whicker, FW AF Hakonson-Hayes, AC Fresquez, PR Whicker, FW TI Assessing potential risks from exposure to natural uranium in well water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE uranium; well water; New Mexico; plants; vegetables; radiation dose ID KIDNEY AB Over 50% of the wells in the Nambe region of northern New Mexico exceed the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended drinking water standard of 20 mul(-1) for U-238; the highest in the area was measured at 1200 mug U l(-1). Uranium uptake was estimated in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), squash (Cucurbita pepo), lettuce (Lactuca scarriola), and radish (Raphanus sativus) irrigated with Nambe well water containing < 1, 150, 500, and 1200 μg U l(-1). Plant uptake and human dose and toxicity associated with ingestion of water and produce and inhalation of irrigated soil related to gardening activities were evaluated. Uranium concentration in plants increased linearly with increasing U concentration in irrigation water, particularly in lettuce and radish. The estimated total committed effective dose for 70 years of maximum continuous exposure, via the three pathways to well water containing 1200 μg U l(-1), was 0.17 mSv with a corresponding kidney concentration of 0.8 μg U g(-1) kidney. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fresquez, PR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, M887, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00034-0 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 521BD UT WOS:000173817700003 PM 11848150 ER PT J AU Bowyer, TW Schlosser, C Abel, KH Auer, M Hayes, JC Heimbigner, TR McIntyre, JI Panisko, ME Reeder, PL Satorius, H Schulze, J Weiss, W AF Bowyer, TW Schlosser, C Abel, KH Auer, M Hayes, JC Heimbigner, TR McIntyre, JI Panisko, ME Reeder, PL Satorius, H Schulze, J Weiss, W TI Detection and analysis of xenon isotopes for the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty international monitoring system SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE radioxenon; nuclear explosion monitoring; xenon; Xe-133; CTBT; noble gas; ARSA ID XE-133; RADIOXENON AB The use of the xenon isotopes for detection of nuclear explosions is of great interest for monitoring compliance with the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (CTBT). Recently, the automated radioxenon sampler-analyzer (ARSA) was tested at the Institute for Atmospheric Radioactivity (IAR) in Freiburg, Germany to ascertain its use for the CTBT Ely comparing its results to laboratory-based analyses, determining its detection sensitivity and analyzing its results in light of historical xenon isotope levels and known reactor operations in the area. Xe-133 was detected nearly every day throughout the test at activity concentrations ranging between approximately 0.1 mBq/m(3) to as high as 120mBq/m(3). Xe-133m and Xe-135 were also detected occasionally during the test at concentrations of less than I to a few mBq /m(3). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Inst Atmospher Radioact, Fed Off Radiat Protect, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany. Vienna Int Ctr, Comprehens Nucl Test Ban Treaty Org, Preparatory Commiss, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Bowyer, TW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN P8-08, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI McIntyre, Justin/P-1346-2014 OI McIntyre, Justin/0000-0002-3706-4310 NR 16 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 2 BP 139 EP 151 AR PII S0265-931X(01)00042-X DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00042-X PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522NF UT WOS:000173902900002 PM 11900202 ER PT J AU Peles, JD Smith, MH Brisbin, IL AF Peles, JD Smith, MH Brisbin, IL TI Ecological half-life of (CS)-C-137 in plants associated with a contaminated stream SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE ecological half-life; long-term decline; radiocesium; vegetation; primary producers ID REACTOR COOLING RESERVOIR; CS-137; RADIOCESIUM AB Ecological half-life (T-e) is a useful measure for studying the long-term decline of contaminants, such as radionuclides. in natural systems. The current investigation determined levels of radiocesium (Cs-137) in two aquatic (Polygonum punctatum, Sagittaria latifolia) and three terrestrial (Alnus serrulata, Myrica cerifera, Salix nigra) plant species from a contaminated stream and floodplain on the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site. Current Cs-137 levels in plants were used in conjunction with historical data to determine T-e Of Cs-137 in each species. Median concentrations of Cs-137 were highest in S. latifolia (0.84 Bq g(-1)) and lowest in M. cerifera (0.10 Bq g(-1)). T-e's ranged from 4.85 yr in M. cerifera to 8.35 yr in S. nigra, both terrestrial species. T-e's for all aquatic (6.30 yr) and all terrestrial (5.87) species combined were very similar. The T-e's of the two aquatic primary producers (P. punctatum and S. latifola) in the Steel Creek ecosystem were somewhat longer than T-e's values previously reported for some consumers from this ecosystem. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Ostermayer Lab 207, McKeesport, PA 15132 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Peles, JD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ostermayer Lab 207, 4000 Univ Dr, McKeesport, PA 15132 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 2 BP 169 EP 178 AR PII S0265-931X(01)00069-8 DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00069-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522NF UT WOS:000173902900004 PM 11900204 ER PT J AU Simon, SL Graham, JC Terp, SD AF Simon, SL Graham, JC Terp, SD TI Uptake of K-40 and Cs-137 in native plants of the Marshall Islands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE cesium-137; soil; vegetation; K-40; concentration ratio ID SOIL CHARACTERISTICS; CONCENTRATION RATIOS; RADIOCESIUM; LINEARITY; SYSTEMS AB Uptake of Cs-137 and K-40 was studied in seven native plant species of the Marshall Islands. Plant and soil samples were obtained across a broad range of Soil Cs-137 concentrations (0.083900 Bq/kg) and a narrower range of K-40 soil concentrations (2.3-55 Bq/kg). but with no systematic variation of K-40 relative to Cs-137. Potassium-40 concentrations in plants varied little within the range of K-40 soil concentrations observed. Unlike the case for K-40, Cs-137 concentrations increased in plants with increasing Cs-137 Soil concentrations though not precisely in a proportionate manner. The best-fit relationship between soil and plant concentrations was P = aS(b) where a and b are regression coefficients and P and S are plant and soil concentrations, respectively. The exponent b for K-40 was zero, implying plant concentrations were a single value, while b for Cs-137 varied between 0.51 and 0.82, depending on the species. For both K-40 and Cs-137, we observed a decreasing concentration ratio (where concentration ratio = plant concentration/soil concentration) with increasing soil concentrations. For the CR values, the best-fit relationship was of the form CR = aS(b)/S = aS(b-1). For the K-40 CR functions, the exponent b - 1 was close to -1 for all species. For the Cs-137 CR functions, the exponent b - 1 varied from -0.19 to -0.48. The findings presented here, as well as those by other investigators, collectively argue against the usefulness of simplistic ratio models to accurately predict uptake of either K-40 or Cs-137 in plants over wide ranges of soil concentration. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Colorado State Univ, Environm Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Air Qual Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Marshall Isl Nationwide Radiol Study, Majuro, Marshall Island. RP Simon, SL (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd,MSC-7238,Execut Plaza S, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 2 BP 223 EP 243 AR PII S0265-931X(01)00138-2 DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00138-2 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522NF UT WOS:000173902900008 PM 11900208 ER PT J AU Frissel, MJ Deb, DL Fathony, M Lin, YM Mollah, AS Ngo, NT Othman, I Robinson, WL Skarlou-Alexiou, V Topcuoglu, S Twining, JR Uchida, S Wasserman, MA AF Frissel, MJ Deb, DL Fathony, M Lin, YM Mollah, AS Ngo, NT Othman, I Robinson, WL Skarlou-Alexiou, V Topcuoglu, S Twining, JR Uchida, S Wasserman, MA TI Generic values for soil-to-plant transfer factors of radiocesium SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE soil-to-plant transfer; cesium; reference crops AB There is a need for soil-to-plant transfer factors of radionuclides that take into account all possible crops on all soil varieties to support dose assessment studies. Because only limited experimental data exist for worldwide soil systems, such values should necessarily have a generic character. This paper describes a generic system for Cs-137, mainly based on a reference soil-to-plant transfer factor which depends solely on soil properties such its nutrient status. exchangeable K-content, pH and moisture content, Crops are divided into crop groups, cereals serving as reference group. The transfer of other crop groups, can be calculated by multiplying data for cereals by a conversion factor. Existing data present in the IUR (International Union of Radioecologists) databank and in large part the work of a FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation), IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency),IUR project on tropical systems provided the basis for the derivation of the conversion factors and reference values. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indian Agr Res Lab, Nucl Res Lab, New Delhi, India. Natl Atom Energy Agcy Indonesia, Ctr Standardisat & Radiat Safety Res, Jakarta, Indonesia. Atom Energy Council, Taiwan Radiat Monitoring Ctr, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Atom Energy Res Estab, Inst Nucl Sci & Technol, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nucl Res Inst, Ctr Analyt Tech & Environm Res, Da Lat, Vietnam. Syrian Atom Energy Commiss, Dept Radiat & Protect & Nucl Safety, Damascus, Syria. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, Marshall Isl Program, Livermore, CA USA. Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Inst Biol, Lab Soil & Plant Nutr, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. Cekmesce Nucl Res & Training Ctr, Sefakoy Istanbul, Turkey. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Environm Div, Lucas Heights, Australia. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. CNEN, Inst Radioprotecao & Dosimetria, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Frissel, MJ (reprint author), Torenlaan 3, NL-6866 BS Heelsum, Netherlands. NR 10 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2002 VL 58 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00061-3 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 507DB UT WOS:000173010800003 PM 11820221 ER PT J AU Malek, MA Hinton, TG Webb, SB AF Malek, MA Hinton, TG Webb, SB TI A comparison of Sr-90 and (CS)-C-137 uptake in plants via three pathways at two Chernobyl-contaminated sites SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE foliar absorption; resuspension; soil loading; (CS)-C-137; Sr-90; root uptake; risk ID SOIL CONTAMINATION; CS-137; AVAILABILITY; FALLOUT; RADIONUCLIDES; RADIOCESIUM; ABSORPTION; INGESTION; MOBILITY; BYELARUS AB Foliar absorption of resuspended Sr-90, root uptake and contamination adhering to leaf surfaces (i.e. soil loading) were compared at two Chernobyl-contaminated sites, Chistogalovka and Polesskoye. Although foliar absorption of resuspended Sr-90 was quantifiable, its contribution amounted to less than 10% of the plants' total, above-ground contamination. Root uptake was 200 times greater than foliar absorption at the near-field site of Chistogalovka and eight times greater at Polesskoye, where the fallout consisted of the more soluble condensation-type, rather than fuel particles. Strontium's bioavailability exceeded that of Cs-137 (analyzed in the same plants) by orders of magnitude when compared using concentration ratios. Simplistic, cumulative effective dose calculations for humans ingesting Sr-90- and Cs-137-contaminated plants revealed that the dose at Chistogalovka was greater from Sr-90 (185 mSv vs. 3 mSv from Cs-137), while at Polesskoye the dose from Cs-137 (66 mSv) was 30 times greater than from Sr-90 (2 mSv). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Hinton, TG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2002 VL 58 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00062-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 507DB UT WOS:000173010800004 PM 11814162 ER PT J AU Stishov, SM AF Stishov, SM TI On phase diagram of the system of "collapsing" hard spheres SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION AB The basic phase diagram of a system with a repulsive step interaction potential is constructed on the basis of simple physical arguments by using the properties of a system of hard spheres as the starting point. Various versions of the behavior of the melting curve are discussed. The possibility of a phase transition in the liquid phase is indicated. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Oblast, Russia. EM sergei@hppi.troitsk.ru NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7761 EI 1090-6509 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PY 2002 VL 95 IS 1 BP 64 EP 66 DI 10.1134/1.1499902 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 582ZN UT WOS:000177381200008 ER PT J AU Abdurashitov, JN Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Gurkina, PP Zatsepin, GT Ibragimova, TV Kalikhov, AV Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Khairnasov, NG Shikhin, AA Yants, VE Bowles, TJ Teasdale, WA Nico, JS Wilkerson, JF Cleveland, BT Elliott, SR AF Abdurashitov, JN Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Gurkina, PP Zatsepin, GT Ibragimova, TV Kalikhov, AV Knodel, TV Mirmov, IN Khairnasov, NG Shikhin, AA Yants, VE Bowles, TJ Teasdale, WA Nico, JS Wilkerson, JF Cleveland, BT Elliott, SR CA SAGE Collaboration TI Solar neutrino flux measurements by the Soviet-American gallium experiment (SAGE) for half the 22-year solar cycle SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EVENT RATES; OSCILLATIONS; GALLEX; GNO; CONSTRAINTS; MODELS; METAL; B-8 AB We present measurements of the solar neutrino capture rate on metallic gallium in the Soviet-American gallium experiment (SAGE) over a period of slightly more than half the 22-year solar cycle. A combined analysis of 92 runs over the twelve-year period from January 1990 until December 2001 yields a capture rate of 70.8(-5.2)(+5.3)(stat)(-3.2)(+3.7)(sys) SNU for solar neutrinos with energies above 0.233 MeV. This value is slightly more than half the rate predicted by the standard solar model, 130 SNU. We present the results of new runs since April 1998 and analyze all runs combined by years, months, and bimonthly periods beginning in 1990. A simple analysis of the SAGE results together with the results of other solar neutrino experiments gives an estimate of (4.6 +/- 1.2) x 10(10) neutrinos cm(-2) s(-1) for the flux of the electron pp neutrinos that reach the Earth without changing their flavor. The flux of the pp neutrinos produced in thermonuclear reactions in the Sun is estimated to be (7.6 +/- 2.0) x 10(10) neutrinos cm(-2) s(-1), in agreement with the value of (5.95 +/- 0.06) x 10(10) neutrinos cm(-2) s(-1) predicted by the standard solar model. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abdurashitov, JN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Pr Shestidesyatlietiya Oktyabrya 7A, Moscow 117312, Russia. RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014; OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 58 TC 264 Z9 265 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7761 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1134/1.1506424 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 591DP UT WOS:000177864700001 ER PT J AU Dodin, IY Fraiman, GM Malkin, VM Fisch, NJ AF Dodin, IY Fraiman, GM Malkin, VM Fisch, NJ TI Amplification of short laser pulses by Raman backscattering in capillary plasmas SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODE OPTICAL-FIBER AB Short laser pulses can be significantly amplified in the process of Raman backscattering in plasma inside an oversized dielectric capillary. A dielectric capillary allows obtaining high intensities of the output radiation by sustaining efficient amplification at large distances compared to the diffraction length. The efficiency of the interaction between the pump wave and the amplified pulse is shown not to be critically sensitive to the transverse structure of the wave fields. For a quasi-single-mode initial seed pulse and a low pump intensity, the amplified pulse tends to preserve its transverse structure due to nonlinear competition of the capillary eigenmodes. At a high power of the pump wave, multimode amplification always takes place but the growth of the front peak of the pulse still follows the one-dimensional model. The Raman backscattering instability of the pump wave resulting in the noise amplification can be suppressed in detuned interaction by chirping the pump wave or arranging an inhomogeneous plasma density profile along the trace of amplification. The efficiency of the desired pulse amplification does not significantly depend on detuning in the case of a smooth detuning profile. Density inhomogeneities are shown to exert less influence on the amplification within a capillary than in the one-dimensional problem. Parameters of a future experiment on the Raman amplification of a short laser pulse inside a capillary are proposed. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Appl, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dodin, IY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Appl, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. EM idodin@pppl.gov NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7761 EI 1090-6509 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 625 EP 638 DI 10.1134/1.1520595 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 611XD UT WOS:000179042400006 ER PT J AU Ryzhov, VN Stishov, SM AF Ryzhov, VN Stishov, SM TI A liquid-liquid phase transition in the "collapsing" hard sphere system SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN CORE MODEL; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POTENTIALS; DIMENSIONS; WATER AB A liquid-liquid phase transition is discovered in a system of collapsing hard spheres using the thermodynamic perturbation theory. This is the first evidence in favor of the existence of that kind of phase transition in systems with purely repulsive and isotropic interactions. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ryzhov, VN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Russia. RI Ryzhov, Valentin/A-4472-2017 OI Ryzhov, Valentin/0000-0002-1331-3984 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7761 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 710 EP 713 DI 10.1134/1.1520603 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 611XD UT WOS:000179042400014 ER PT J AU Kats, EI Lebedev, VV Malinin, SV AF Kats, EI Lebedev, VV Malinin, SV TI Disclination motion in liquid crystalline films SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MACROSCOPIC ORIENTATION PATTERNS; SMECTIC-C; XY MODEL; DYNAMICS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; HYDRODYNAMICS; SUPERFLUIDS; SYSTEMS; DEFECT; ORDER AB We theoretically study a single disclination motion in a thin free-standing liquid crystalline film. Backflow effects and the own dynamics of the orientational degree of freedom (bond or director angle) are taken into account. We find the orientation field and the hydrodynamic velocity distribution around the moving disclination, which allows us to relate the disclination velocity to the angle gradient far from the disclination. Different cases are examined depending on the ratio of the rotational and shear viscosity coefficients. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Forschungszentrum, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Kats, EI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7761 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PY 2002 VL 95 IS 4 BP 714 EP 727 DI 10.1134/1.1520604 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 611XD UT WOS:000179042400015 ER PT J AU Skobelev, IY Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Boldarev, AS Gasilov, VA Abdallach, J Junkel-Vives, GC Auguste, T d'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P Blasco, F Dorchies, F Caillaud, T Bonte, C Stenz, C Salin, F Sharkov, BY AF Skobelev, IY Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Boldarev, AS Gasilov, VA Abdallach, J Junkel-Vives, GC Auguste, T d'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P Blasco, F Dorchies, F Caillaud, T Bonte, C Stenz, C Salin, F Sharkov, BY TI On the interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with cluster targets SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC CLUSTERS; TRANSIENT GAIN; IONS; PLASMA; RADIATION; EMISSION; GAS; IRRADIATION; EXPLOSIONS AB The heating of clusters by femtosecond laser pulses is studied theoretically and experimentally. Both the formation of a cluster target and the results of experimental studies of the cluster plasma by the methods of X-ray emission spectroscopy are considered. A numerical model of cluster formation in a supersonic gas jet is proposed. It is shown that detailed studies of two-phase gas-dynamic processes in a nozzle forming the jet give the spatial distributions of all parameters required for the correct calculation of the cluster heating by short laser pulses. Calculations of nozzles of different configurations show that in a number of cases an almost homogeneous cluster target can be formed, whereas in other cases the distributions of parameters prove to be not only inhomogeneous but also even nonmonotonic. A simple physical model of the plasma production by a femtosecond laser pulse and a picosecond prepulse is proposed. It is shown that a comparison of X-ray spectra with detailed calculations of the ion kinetics makes it possible to determine the main parameters of the plasma being produced. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 All Russia Res Inst Physicotech & Radio Engn Meas, Ctr Data Spectra Multiply Charged Ions, Mendeleyevsk 141570, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Math Modeling, Moscow 117901, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, DSM, DRECAM,Serv Photons Atomes & Mol, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Bordeaux, CELIA, F-33405 Talence, France. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RP Skobelev, IY (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Physicotech & Radio Engn Meas, Ctr Data Spectra Multiply Charged Ions, Mendeleyevsk 141570, Moscow Oblast, Russia. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7761 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 DI 10.1134/1.1448610 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 516LN UT WOS:000173554900009 ER PT J AU Skobelev, IY Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Boldarev, AS Gasilov, VA Abdallach, J Junkel-Vives, GC Auguste, T Dobosz, S d'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P Blasco, F Dorchies, F Caillaud, T Bonte, C Stenz, C Salin, F Loboda, PA Litvinenko, IA Popova, VV Baidin, GV Sharkov, BY AF Skobelev, IY Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Boldarev, AS Gasilov, VA Abdallach, J Junkel-Vives, GC Auguste, T Dobosz, S d'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P Blasco, F Dorchies, F Caillaud, T Bonte, C Stenz, C Salin, F Loboda, PA Litvinenko, IA Popova, VV Baidin, GV Sharkov, BY TI X-ray spectroscopy diagnostic of a plasma produced by femtosecond laser pulses irradiating a cluster target SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLUSTERS; COULOMB EXPLOSION; EMISSION SPECTRA; TRANSIENT GAIN; AR CLUSTERS; IONS; RADIATION; VACANCIES; DYNAMICS AB The parameters of a plasma produced upon the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with cluster targets are measured by the methods of X-ray spectroscopy. The dependence of the plasma parameters on the initial properties of a cluster target (the design of a supersonic nozzle, the average size of clusters, the spatial inhomogeneity) and the laser pulse properties (its duration and contrast) is studied. The plasma diagnostics is performed using the model of formation of emission spectra, which was proposed earlier and includes a number of fitting parameters, which provide good agreement with experimental spectra. The systematic experimental studies performed by us showed that our model of cluster heating by ultrashort pulses is indeed a physical model, and the fitting parameters represent the average values of plasma parameters in the corresponding space-time regions. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 All Russia Res Inst Physicotech & Radio Engn Meas, Ctr Data Spectra Multiply Charged Ions, Mendeleyevsk 141570, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Math Modeling, Moscow 125047, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEA, Ctr Etud Saclay, DSM,DRECAM, Serv Photons Atomes & Mol, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Bordeaux, CELIA, F-33405 Talence, France. All Russia Res Inst Tech Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Snezhinsk 456770, Chelyabinsk Obl, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RP Skobelev, IY (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Physicotech & Radio Engn Meas, Ctr Data Spectra Multiply Charged Ions, Mendeleyevsk 141570, Moscow Oblast, Russia. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7761 J9 J EXP THEOR PHYS+ JI J. Exp. Theor. Phys. PY 2002 VL 94 IS 5 BP 966 EP 976 DI 10.1134/1.1484990 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 558PC UT WOS:000175974900010 ER PT J AU McDevitt, JJ Breysse, PN Bowman, JD Sassone, DM AF McDevitt, JJ Breysse, PN Bowman, JD Sassone, DM TI Comparison of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field personal exposure monitors SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EMDEX; EAF; extremely low frequency; magnetic fields; MultiWave AB The MultiWave(R) System III (MW HI), a recently developed personal monitor for extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields, was compared with the standard EMDEX Lite (Electric and Magnetic Field Digital Exposure System), the type of monitor widely used in epidemiology and other exposure assessments. The MW III captures three-axis magnetic field waveforms for the calculation of many exposure metrics, while the EMDEX monitors measure only the root-mean-squared (RMS) vector magnitude (or resultant). Thirty-eight partial period personal samples were monitored in six different job classifications. The sampling time for each personal sample ranged from 90 to 133 min, with a mean sample time of 110 min. The EMDEX Lite and MW III were evaluated by comparing the maximum and partial period time-weighted average (TWA) of the ELF magnitude. TWA exposures measured for the 38 partial period samples by the EMDEX Lite ranged from 1.2 to 65.3 mG, with a mean of 18.1 mG, while corresponding values for the MW III ranged from 1.1 to 65.8 mG, with a mean of 17.7 mG. The maximum magnetic field exposures measured for the 38 partial period personal samples by the EMDEX Lite ranged from 27.0 to 420.2 mG, with a mean of 216.3 mG, while corresponding values for the MW III ranged from 40.2 to 1311.8 mG, with a mean of 368.4 mG. The maximum and TWA ELF magnetic field exposures measured by the EMDEX Lite and MW III were compared using a two-tailed, paired t-test. Analyses indicate that there was no significant difference in the TWA magnetic field magnitude measured by the EMDEX Lite and MW III. On the other hand, the EMDEX Lite reported significantly lower (P=0.002) maximum magnetic field measurements compared to the MW III. From a detailed analysis of the time traces, the EMDEX Lite appears to measure the ELF magnitude inaccurately when the field changes rapidly over a 4-s sampling interval. The results of this comparison suggest that the standard EMDEX Lite and MW Ill provide similar measure of the TWA magnetic field in a variety of occupational settings and ELF magnetic field magnitudes. However, the EMDEX Lite underestimates maximum exposures when compared to the MW III. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Hyg & Safety Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Breysse, PN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500194 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 538FB UT WOS:000174803300001 PM 11859428 ER PT J AU Servant, G AF Servant, G TI A way to reopen the window for electroweak baryogenesis SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology of theories beyond the SM; cosmological phase transitions; baryogenesis; physics of the early universe ID SMALL-FLUCTUATION DETERMINANT; NUMBER NON-CONSERVATION; WEINBERG-SALAM THEORY; PHASE-TRANSITION; EXTRA DIMENSION; SPHALERON RATE; STATISTICAL-THEORY; BARYON ASYMMETRY; STANDARD MODEL; CP-VIOLATION AB We reanalyse the sphaleron bound of electroweak baryogenesis when allowing deviations to the Friedmann equation. These modifications are well motivated in the context of brane cosmology where they appear without being in conflict with major experimental constraints on four-dimensional gravity. While suppressed at the time of nucleosynthesis, these corrections can dominate at the time of the electroweak phase transition and in certain cases provide the amount of expansion needed to freeze out the baryon asymmetry without requiring a strongly first order phase transition. The sphaleron bound is substantially weakened and can even disappear so that the constraints on the higgs and stop masses do not apply anymore. Such modification of cosmology at early times therefore reopens the parameter space allowing electroweak baryogenesis which had been reduced substantially given the new bound on the higgs mass imposed by LEP. In contrast with previous attempts to turn around the sphaleron bound using alternative cosmologies, we are still considering that the electroweak phase transition takes place in a radiation dominated universe. The universe is expanding fast because of the modification of the Friedmann equation itself without the need for a scalar field and therefore evading the problem of the decay of this scalar field after the completion of the phase transition and the risk that its release of entropy dilutes the baryon asymmetry produced at the transition. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM servant@theory.uchicago.edu NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 IS 1 AR 044 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 527FT UT WOS:000174176600044 ER PT J AU Golovlev, VV Hogan, DL Gresalfi, MJ Miller, JC Romer, G Messier, R AF Golovlev, VV Hogan, DL Gresalfi, MJ Miller, JC Romer, G Messier, R TI Digital imaging for documenting and modeling the visual appearance of 19th century Daguerreotypes SO JOURNAL OF IMAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER AB An optical inspection technique is evaluated for documenting the overall condition and for mapping the extent of tarnish on the surface of 19th century Daguerreotypes. The technique exploits the unique optical properties of Daguerreotypes to distinguish between light absorption and scattering by the daguerreian image. Combined with a digital imaging system, the technique provides an efficient tool for documenting a Daguerreotype's condition, for determining the optimal treatment exposure in different areas of the image, for monitoring the treatment progress, and for forecasting the results of natural aging or attempts at restoration. Examples of optical inspection and computer simulation of the visual appearance of a Daguerreotype versus different restoration treatments are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Int Museum Photog & Film, Rochester, NY USA. Boston Art Conservat, Boston, MA USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1062-3701 EI 1943-3522 J9 J IMAGING SCI TECHN JI J. Imaging Sci. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 537KD UT WOS:000174757000002 ER PT J AU Jarnik, M de Viragh, PA Scharer, E Bundman, D Simon, MN Roop, DR Steven, AC AF Jarnik, M de Viragh, PA Scharer, E Bundman, D Simon, MN Roop, DR Steven, AC TI Quasi-normal cornified cell envelopes in loricrin knockout mice imply the existence of a loricrin backup system SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidermal keratinocytes; immunoelectron microscopy; scanning transmission electron microscopy; small proline-rich proteins; terminal differentiation ID CROSS-LINKED ENVELOPE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HUMAN EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; PROLINE-RICH PROTEIN-1; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; INVOLUCRIN GENE; EPITHELIA; BARRIER; PRECURSOR; TISSUES AB The cornified cell envelope, a lipoprotein layer that assembles at the surface of terminally differentiated keratinocytes, is a resilient structure on account of covalent crosslinking of its constituent proteins, principally loricrin, which accounts for up to 60%-80% of total protein. Despite the importance of the cell envelope as a protective barrier, knocking out the loricrin gene in mice results in only mild syndromes. We have investigated the epidermis and forestomach epithelium of these mice by electron microscopy. In both tissues, corneocytes have normal-looking cell envelopes, despite the absence of loricrin, which was confirmed by immunolabeling, and the absence of the distinctive loricrin-containing keratohyalin granules (L-granules). Isolated cell envelopes were normal in thickness (approximate to15 nm) and mass per unit area (approximate to7.3 kDa per nm(2)); however, metal shadowing revealed ail altered substructure on their cytoplasmic surface. Their amino acid compositions indicate altered protein compositions. Analysis of these data implies that the epidermal cell envelopes have elevated levels of the small proline-rich proteins, and cell envelopes of both kinds contain other protein(s) that, like loricrin, are rich in glycine and serine. These observations imply that, in the absence of loricrin, the mechanisms that govern cell envelope assembly function normally but employ different building-blocks. C1 NIAMSD, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Dermatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steven, AC (reprint author), NIAMSD, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Bldg 50,Room 1517, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR01777]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR40240] NR 54 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 118 IS 1 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01661.x PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 517BV UT WOS:000173592000014 PM 11851882 ER PT J AU Roeda, D Sipila, HT Bramoulle, Y Enas, JD Vaufrey, F Dolle, F Crouzel, C AF Roeda, D Sipila, HT Bramoulle, Y Enas, JD Vaufrey, F Dolle, F Crouzel, C TI Synthesis of [C-11]atipamezole, a potential PET ligand for the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor in the brain SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE atipamezole; alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor; carbon-11 ID H-3 ATIPAMEZOLE; RADIOLIGAND; ALPHA-2-ADRENOCEPTORS AB The alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor antagonist atipamezole has been labelled with carbon-11 using [C-11]formaldehyde and 2-ethyl-2-oxoacetylindane. Various routes are proposed for the synthesis of the latter: oxidation of 2-acetyl-2-ethylindane, hydrolysis of 2-diethoxy-2-indane and oxidation of 2-diazoacetyl-2-ethylindane. The average radiochemical yield of [C-11]atipamezole was 24% based on [C-11]formaldehyde, and the synthesis time, including HPLC purification and formulation, was 45 min. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 CEA, Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, Dept Rech Med, F-91401 Orsay, France. Turku Univ, Cent Hosp, Turku PET Ctr, Turku 20520, Finland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Functional Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. RP Roeda, D (reprint author), CEA, Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, Dept Rech Med, 4 Pl Gen Leclerc, F-91401 Orsay, France. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1002/jlcr.532.abs PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 514ZD UT WOS:000173470200005 ER PT J AU Donnelly, RJ Karpetis, AN Niemela, JJ Sreenivasan, KR Vinen, WF White, CM AF Donnelly, RJ Karpetis, AN Niemela, JJ Sreenivasan, KR Vinen, WF White, CM TI The use of particle image velocimetry in the study of turbulence in liquid helium SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantum Fluids and Solids (QFS 2001) CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV KONSTANZ, CONSTANCE, GERMANY SP German Sci Fdn, State Baden Wurttemberg HO UNIV KONSTANZ ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION RATE; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; GRID TURBULENCE; FINITE CHANNEL AB Experiments are described in which Particle Image Velocimetry has been used to study turbulent flow in helium I. The possibility that this technique might be applied usefully to superfluid helium is explored briefly. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Cryogen Helium Turbulence Lab, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Yale Univ, Mason Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Donnelly, RJ (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Cryogen Helium Turbulence Lab, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RI White, Christopher/E-1669-2011; Hang, Chen/H-5336-2011 NR 11 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1023/A:1013745118386 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 523YX UT WOS:000173986100051 ER PT J AU Rusby, RL Durieux, M Reesink, AL Hudson, RP Schuster, G Kuhne, M Fogle, WE Soulen, RJ Adams, ED AF Rusby, RL Durieux, M Reesink, AL Hudson, RP Schuster, G Kuhne, M Fogle, WE Soulen, RJ Adams, ED TI The provisional low temperature scale from 0.9 mK to 1 K, PLTS-2000 SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantum Fluids and Solids (QFS 2001) CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV KONSTANZ, CONSTANCE, GERMANY SP German Sci Fdn, State Baden Wurttemberg HO UNIV KONSTANZ ID HE-3; HEAT; THERMOMETRY AB An internationally-accepted ultra-loin temperature,scale is needed to provide the basis for reliable thermometry in the temperature range in which commercial dilution refrigerators operate, and in experiments investigating the properties of He-3 and other condensed matter. Several laboratories haze developed He-3 melting-pressure scales, but there are substantial differences even between the most recent of them. These amount to about 0.3 % of T near 500 mK, rising to about 6 % of T at 0.9 mK. In 1996 a collaboration was initiated between low, temperature physicists in national laboratories and elsewhere to derive an equation for the melting pressure of He-3 which could be accepted for international case from 1 K to 0.9 mK, the Neel temperature of solid He-3. After an open workshop in Leiden in 1998, discussions took place to see if thermodynamic calculation of He-3 melting pressures could re-solve the differences. In.January 2000 the authors (apart from ALR and C,5) met at NIST and Mere able to reach a compromise on the Provisional Loco Temperature Scale, PLTS-2000. Its 1-sigma uncertainty is estimated to be 0.3 % of T (up to a maximum of 0.5 mK), but this rises to about 2 % of T at 0.9 mK. The provisional status recognizes that the PLTS-2000 is a compromise, rather than a true consensus, but it is likely to be some years before it can be replaced by a more accurate scale. The scale was announced at the Quantum Fluids and Solids Conference in Minnesota, USA, in,Tune 2000, and was formally adopted by the Comity International des Poids et Mesures in October 2000. C1 Natl Phys Lab, CBTLM, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rusby, RL (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, CBTLM, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. NR 22 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 633 EP 642 DI 10.1023/A:1013791823354 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 523YX UT WOS:000173986100098 ER PT J AU Moune, OK Faucher, MD Edelstein, N AF Moune, OK Faucher, MD Edelstein, N TI Spectroscopic investigations and configuration-interaction-assisted crystal field analysis of Pr3+ in YPO4 single crystal SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE YPO4; Pr3+; crystal field analysis; time-resolved fluorescence; configuration interaction ID SPECTRA; FLUORESCENCE; PR-3+; ABSORPTION; PHOTON; STATE; IONS AB An optical study of a Y0.99Pr0.01PO4 single crystal is presented. Measurements of optical absorption, excitation, and emission by selective excitation into D-1(2), P-3(0) and (3)p(1), at different temperatures between 20 and 295 K, are described. A detailed account of the line assignments is given for absorption in the 4300-23000cm(-1) spectral range, and for emission in the 6400 23 000cm(-1) range. The lifetimes of the emitting levels are determined. Vibronic sidebands accompanying absorption, emission and excitation spectra are reported. The decay processes of the P-3(1), P-3(0) and D-1(2) levels are discussed. The aim of this study is a test of the configuration-interaction-assisted crystal field analysis as well as the accurate experimental determination of the energy level scheme. It was reported previously that the introduction of configuration interaction between the ground 4f(2) configuration with the excited 4f6p configuration always resulted in a decrease (approximate to50-60%) in the standard deviations between the observed and calculated energy levels. In the present work the 4f5d configuration is included as well. The crystal field is analysed in the theoretical D-2d Site symmetry with and without configuration interaction. The results with 4f(2) f(2),4f(2)+4f5d,4f(2)+4f6p and 4f(2)+4f5d+4f6p are given. The calculation on the basis of the 315 (4f(2)+4f5d + 4f6p) levels gives the best overall standard deviation lowering it by 75% with regard to the calculation on the 91 4f(2) levels only. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Cent Paris, Lab Struct Proprietes & Modelisat Solides, CNRS, UMR 8580, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moune, OK (reprint author), Ecole Cent Paris, Lab Struct Proprietes & Modelisat Solides, CNRS, UMR 8580, Grande Voie Vignes, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 96 IS 1 BP 51 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0022-2313(01)00211-3 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 509TK UT WOS:000173165600004 ER PT J AU Martinovic, S Veenstra, TD Anderson, GA Pasa-Tolic, L Smith, RD AF Martinovic, S Veenstra, TD Anderson, GA Pasa-Tolic, L Smith, RD TI Selective incorporation acids for identification proteome-wide level SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE amino acid labeling; capillary isoelectric focusing; fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass; spectrometry; proteomics; post-translational modifications ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI PROTEINS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACCURATE; MIXTURES; GENES AB The post-genomic era and increased demands for broad proteome measurements have greatly increased the needs for protein identification. We describe a strategy that uses accurate mass measurements and partial amino acid content information to unambiguously identify intact proteins, and show its initial application to the proteomes of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proteins were extracted from the organisms grown in minimal medium or minimal medium to which isotopically labeled leucine (Leu-D-10) had been added. The two protein extracts were mixed and analyzed by capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR). The incorporation of the isotopically labeled residue has no effect on the CIEF separation of proteins, and both isotopically labeled and unlabeled versions of specific proteins are observed within the same mass spectrum. The difference in the mass of the unlabeled and labeled proteins is used to determine the number of Leu residues present in a particular protein. Proteins can then often be unambiguously identified based on their accurately determined molecular mass and the additional constraint provided by number of Leu residues. The identities of proteins were further confirmed by repeating CIEF/FTICR measurements with samples that contain other isotopically labeled amino acid residues (e.g. His, Arg, Ile, Phe, Lys). A theoretical study of the amino acid composition (for a difference in the amino acid sequence) showed the constraints needed in order to identify the protein unambiguously. Additionally, the mass differences between the predicted and the experimental accurate mass measurement provide insights into the nature of simple post-translational modifications. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 31 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1002/jms.263 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 517GR UT WOS:000173603200012 PM 11813317 ER PT J AU Brandell, D Klintenberg, M Aabloo, A Thomas, JO AF Brandell, D Klintenberg, M Aabloo, A Thomas, JO TI The effect of polymer host on optical absorption spectra for Er(CF3SO3)(3) in poly(ethylene oxide) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Erbium triflate, Er(CF3SO3)(3), salt has been dissolved in poly( ethylene glycol) (PEG400) and analysed at 295 K. The experimental optical absorption spectrum is compared to that calculated using a modified Judd-Ofelt approach. Comparable amorphous polymer-salt systems, Er(CF3SO3)(3) dissolved in poly( ethylene oxide) (PEO) [EO : Er ratios 100, 50, 28.6 and 25 : 1] have been simulated at 300 K using molecular dynamics (MD) and the different MD-generated rare earth environments have been used to calculate crystal-field parameters. A variety of coordination types are found for the Er 3 ions. Agreement between the calculated and experimental spectra is quite satisfactory; discrepancies can be ascribed to inappropriate free-ion parameters and the crystal-field model used. C1 Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tartu, Ctr Technol, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia. RP Brandell, D (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Aabloo, Alvo/C-5639-2011; Aabloo, Alvo/G-9396-2015 OI Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282; Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1039/b104805h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 524VR UT WOS:000174034000028 ER PT J AU Lind, C Wilkinson, AP Rawn, CJ Payzant, EA AF Lind, C Wilkinson, AP Rawn, CJ Payzant, EA TI Kinetics of the cubic to trigonal transformation in ZrMo2O8 and their dependence on precursor chemistry SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; IN-SITU; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALLIZATION; ZRW2O8 AB The negative thermal expansion material cubic ZrMo2O8 is metastable with respect to other polymorphs at all temperatures. On heating to temperatures > 390 degreesC it readily transforms to trigonal ZrMo2O8. The kinetics of this transformation have been studied by in situ XRD and were found to be strongly influenced by the precursor chemistry used to prepare the cubic material. The conversion can be described with an Avrami model. An Arrhenius analysis of the estimated rate constants for two samples gave apparent activation energies of 269 and 291 kJ mol(-1). Extrapolation of the kinetic data to lower temperatures than those used for the measurements indicates that cubic ZrMo2O8 can be used for many years at temperatures below 280 degreesC without significant transformation. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilkinson, AP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Lind, Cora/K-3595-2013 OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Lind, Cora/0000-0002-8138-3562 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 990 EP 994 DI 10.1039/b108350n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 533VB UT WOS:000174550000032 ER PT J AU Carrado, KA Csencsits, R Thiyagarajan, P Seifert, S Macha, SM Harwood, JS AF Carrado, KA Csencsits, R Thiyagarajan, P Seifert, S Macha, SM Harwood, JS TI Crystallization and textural porosity of synthetic clay minerals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Materials Discussion Meeting (MD5) CY SEP 22-25, 2002 CL MADRID, SPAIN ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; LAYER SILICATES; ION-EXCHANGE; ORGANO-CLAY; COMPLEXES; MONTMORILLONITE; INTERLAYER; SURFACES; AL-27 AB The crystallization of synthetic layered magnesium silicate hectorite clays from both silica sol and organosilane sources is compared. For the silica sol-derived clays, a templating method is employed wherein organic or polymeric molecules are included during clay crystallization that are then removed from the composites via calcination. The mechanism of silane-derived hectorite formation is followed by XRD, TGA, Si-29 MAS NMR, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and results are compared to those obtained for the sol-derived hectorite. The mechanism appears to be similar but the rate is approximately doubled when the silane is used rather than silica sol. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is exploited to glean structural morphology information towards resolving the nature of the resulting pore network structures. Results are compared with nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherm behavior; dominant hysteresis loops are present in the type IV isotherms. Pore size distributions based on both the adsorption and desorption isotherms are compared. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments reveal that the average particle size increases as synthetic laponite < sol-derived hectorite < silane-derived hectorite v natural hectorite. Contrast matching SANS studies in aqueous and organic solvents are carried out to extract information about pore accessibility. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Pulsed Neutron Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Carrado, KA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3228 EP 3237 DI 10.1039/b204180b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 607KP UT WOS:000178791000009 ER PT J AU Deplano, P Leoni, L Mercuri, ML Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Wang, HH Kini, AM Manson, JL Gomez-Garcia, CJ Coronado, E Koo, KJ Whangbo, MH AF Deplano, P Leoni, L Mercuri, ML Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Wang, HH Kini, AM Manson, JL Gomez-Garcia, CJ Coronado, E Koo, KJ Whangbo, MH TI A two-dimensional radical salt based upon BEDT-TTF and the dimeric, magnetic anion [Fe(tdas)(2)](2)(2-): (BEDT-TTF)(2)[Fe(tdas)(2)] (tdas=1,2,5-thiadiazole-3,4-dithiolate) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPIN-EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER SALTS; HYBRID MOLECULAR MATERIALS; METAL-COMPLEXES; ORGANIC CONDUCTORS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; OXALATE COMPLEXES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; DONORS AB In an attempt to synthesize new synthetic metals which couple magnetic properties to conductivity, we prepared the novel salt (BEDT-TTF)(2) [Fe(tdas)(2)] [BEDT-TTF = bis( ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene, hereafter referred to as ET; tdas = 1,2,5-thiadiazole-3,4-dithiolate] by the electrocrystallization technique. The crystal structure of this compound, as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, contains conducting, organic ET layers separated by dimerized, magnetic [Fe(tdas)(2)](2)(2-) anions. Due to the magnetic insulating ground electronic state of the ET layer, thermally activated conductivity is observed, with a room temperature value of about 1 S cm(-1). This salt was also characterized by EPR spectroscopy, dc magnetization measurements and Raman spectroscopy. The electronic structure of the ET layers was investigated by extended Huckel tight-binding calculations, and the spin exchange interactions of the ET and [Fe(tdas)(2)](-) layers were examined by spin-dimer analysis. C1 Dipartimento Chim Inorgan & Analit, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Valencia, Inst Ciencia Mol, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dipartimento Chim Inorgan & Analit, SS 554,Bivio Sestu, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy. EM Mercuri@unica.it; JASchlueter@anl.gov RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012; Gomez Garcia, Carlos Jose/A-5626-2009; Coronado, Eugenio/E-8960-2014; icmol, icmol/I-5784-2015 OI Gomez Garcia, Carlos Jose/0000-0002-0015-577X; NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 12 BP 3570 EP 3577 DI 10.1039/b204435h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 620WA UT WOS:000179554700036 ER PT J AU Valiev, RZ Alexandrov, IV Zhu, YT Lowe, TC AF Valiev, RZ Alexandrov, IV Zhu, YT Lowe, TC TI Paradox of strength and ductility in metals processed by severe plastic deformation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; COPPER; WORK AB It is well known that plastic deformation induced by conventional forming methods such as rolling, drawing or extrusion can significantly increase the strength of metals However, this increase is usually accompanied by a loss of ductility. For example, Fig. 1 shows that with increasing plastic deformation, the yield strength of Cu and Al monotonically increases while their elongation to failure (ductility) decreases. The same trend is also true for other metals and alloys. Here we report an extraordinary combination of high strength and high ductility produced in metals subject to severe plastic deformation (SPD). We believe that this unusual mechanical behavior is caused by the unique nanostructures generated by SPD processing. The combination of ultrafine grain size and high-density dislocations appears to enable deformation by new mechanisms. This work demonstrates the possibility of tailoring the microstructures of metals and alloys by SPD to obtain both high strength and high ductility. Materials with such desirable mechanical properties are very attractive for advanced structural applications. C1 Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, 12 K Marx St, Ufa 450000, Russia. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422 NR 17 TC 732 Z9 769 U1 30 U2 172 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 5 EP 8 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0002 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 510CH UT WOS:000173190800002 ER PT J AU He, XM Hakovirta, M Walter, KC Trkula, M Nastasi, M AF He, XM Hakovirta, M Walter, KC Trkula, M Nastasi, M TI Thermal stability and wetting properties of Cr-O-C coatings synthesized by plasma immersion ion processing SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTERING AB Microcrystalline Cr-O-C films. synthesized by the plasma immersion ion processing technique, were annealed in vacuum and air at 700 degreesC for different times so their thermal stability could be evaluated. The study showed that annealing does not greatly change the chemical composition of the Cr-O-C films but induces a transformation of the film structure from the mixed phases of Cr2O3, CrO2 and CrC1.13O0.12 to the dual phases of Cr3C2, and Cr2O3. In addition, the annealed Cr-O-C films exhibit excellent nonwetting qualities to liquid aluminum despite the presence of pin holes. The contact angle of resolidified molten aluminum against the Cr-O-C films was found to be as high as 120-150degrees. The aluminum contact angle was found not to vary with thermal aging of the Cr-O-C films. The Cr-O-C films showed high hardness (16-24 GPa) and good wear resistance as compared to the steel substrates (H13 and 304 stainless steels) used in this study. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP He, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0004 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 510CH UT WOS:000173190800004 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Cheng, D Trapaga, G Yang, N Lavernia, EJ AF Xu, Q Cheng, D Trapaga, G Yang, N Lavernia, EJ TI Numerical analyses of fluid dynamics of an atomization configuration SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ULTRASONIC GAS ATOMIZATION; METAL DELIVERY TUBE; FLOW; GEOMETRY AB Computational fluid dynamic techniques were used to analyze the gas flow behavior of a typical atomization configuration. The calculated results are summarized as follows. The atomization gas flow at the atomizer's exit may be either subsonic at ambient pressure or sonic at an underexpanded condition, depending on the magnitude of the inlet gas pressure. When the atomization gas separates to become a free annular gas jet, a closed recirculating vortex region is formed between the liquid delivery tube and the annular jet's inner boundary. Upon entering the atomization chamber, an underexpanded sonic gas flow is further accelerated to supersonic velocity during expansion. This pressure adjustment establishes itself in repetitive expansion and compression waves. A certain protrusion of the liquid delivery tube is crucial to obtain a stable subatmospheric pressure region at its exit. The vortex flow under the liquid delivery tube tends to transport liquid metal to the high kinetic energy gas located outside the liquid delivery tube, thereby leading to an efficient atomization. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. CINVESTAV, IPN, Lab Invest Mat, Unidad Quertaro, Quertaro 76230, Mexico. Sandia Natl Labs, Organizat 8715, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. OI Trapaga-Martinez, L. Gerardo/0000-0002-6780-5917 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0024 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 510CH UT WOS:000173190800024 ER PT J AU Sordelet, DJ Rozhkova, E Huang, P Wheelock, PB Besser, MF Kramer, MJ Calvo-Dahlborg, M Dahlborg, U AF Sordelet, DJ Rozhkova, E Huang, P Wheelock, PB Besser, MF Kramer, MJ Calvo-Dahlborg, M Dahlborg, U TI Synthesis of Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 bulk metallic glass by warm extrusion of gas atomized powders SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; NI; ZR41.2TI13.8CU12.5NI10.0BE22.5; CONSOLIDATION; FABRICATION; LIQUID AB Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 amorphous gas atomized powders were consolidated by warm extrusion. After consolidation near 723 K using an extrusion ratio of 5, the material retains between 88% and 98% of the amorphous structure found in the gas atomized powder. The onsets of the glass transition and crystallization temperatures of this extruded material are observed respectively at slightly higher and lower temperatures than those of the starting powders. These temperature shifts are attributed to a composition change in the remaining amorphous phase during partial devitrification. throughout the extrusion process. Powders extruded at the same temperature, but using higher extrusion ratios of 9 and 13, exhibit substantial devitrification during the consolidation process yet still deform homogeneously. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Ecole Mines, LSG2M, UMRT7584, F-54042 Nancy, France. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RI Calvo-Dahlborg, Monique/K-4721-2012 NR 30 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 186 EP 198 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0028 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 510CH UT WOS:000173190800028 ER PT J AU Manoharan, M Muralidharan, G AF Manoharan, M Muralidharan, G TI Cracking due to multiple indentations in silicon: effect of indentation spacing and relative orientations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-PLASTIC INDENTATION; CERAMICS; MICROFRACTURE AB The issue of multiple cracks in materials and their interaction is central in understanding the overall fracture behavior of materials. In the case of materials used in the microelectronics industry, indentation cracking has been extensively used for the measurement of fracture toughness due to its small sample size requirements as well as a relatively good correlation with values obtained from traditional fracture mechanics tests. The majority of these studies have focused on the fracture behavior of a single indent. The present study was aimed at understanding the effect of interaction between the cracks generated on Si from a pair of sequential indents as well as a set of four sequential indents placed at the corners of a square. The distance between the indents was varied from a level comparable to the crack size to a level where interaction could be ignored. This paper discusses the changes in the nature as well as the sizes of cracks due to interaction between the stress fields of the indents. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 GE Co, Corp Res & Dev, Ceram Lab, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Manoharan, M (reprint author), GE Co, Corp Res & Dev, Ceram Lab, 1 Res Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RI Muralidharan, Govindarajan/J-6155-2015 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 39 EP 41 DI 10.1023/A:1013147030391 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 500XV UT WOS:000172654700007 ER PT J AU Castellani, OC de Oliveira, HP AF Castellani, OC de Oliveira, HP TI On solitons with nonminimally coupled scalar fields SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK-HOLES; KINK SOLUTION; HAIR THEOREM; INFLATION AB A nonsingular static and spherically symmetric space-time endowed with nonminimally coupled scalar field described by the action S=integrald(4) x (root -g/2)(R-g(alpha beta)phi (,alpha) phi (,beta)-xi R phi (2)) is presented for the case in which the coupling parameter xi >1/6. This solitonlike space-time is obtained using the technique of conformal transformation that associates solutions produced by ordinary scalar fields in general relativity with those with nonminimally coupled scalar fields. The dynamical stability of the solution is examined through the Galerkin method. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Teor, BR-20550013 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Teor, BR-20550013 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM otavio@dft.if.uerj.br; henrique@fnal.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 508 EP 518 DI 10.1063/1.1421060 PG 11 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 503GF UT WOS:000172790200032 ER PT J AU Ullrich, R AF Ullrich, R TI Science, Cold War, and the American state: Lloyd V. Berkner and the balance of professional ideals SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ullrich, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 256 EP 257 DI 10.2307/2677403 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 505BN UT WOS:000172891400062 ER PT J AU Eikerling, M Paddison, SJ Zawodzinski, TA AF Eikerling, M Paddison, SJ Zawodzinski, TA TI Molecular orbital calculations of proton dissociation and hydration of various acidic moieties for fuel cell polymers SO JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE sulfonyl imides; proton dissociation; electronic structure; water clusters ID CONDUCTING MEMBRANES; IONOMER MEMBRANE; WATER; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; DENSITY; MODEL AB Presented here is a comparative study of the proton dissociation of the sulfonyl imide moieties CF3SO2NHSO2CF3 and CH3SO2NHSO2CF3 in water These acidic functional units are promising candidates as building blocks for polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). Ab initio electronic structure calculations with 1 - 6 water molecules are used to reveal the influence of both the structure and strength of the conjugate base on dissociation and hydration of the imide. Due to the substantial electron withdrawing effect of both fluorocarbon groups, CF3SO2NHSO2 CF3 is the stronger acid: proton dissociation occurring after the addition of two H2O's (dissociation energy of -0.7 kcal/mol). The partially fluorinated imide CH3SO2NHSO2CF3 requires three H2Os to exhibit proton dissociation (-1.4 kcal/mol). The dissociated structures are stabilized by a considerable delocalization of negative and positive excess charges, on the conjugate base and within the hydrated hydronium, respectively. For both imides the largest possible charge separation is attained immediately upon dissociation. This is in contrast to results from analogous studies for triflic acid, CF3SO3H, the hydrophilic functional group of Nafion((R)) Triflic acid has a stronger tendency towards contact-ion pair formation, maximum charge separation via intermediate H2O being attained only after the addition of a sixth water molecule. These results rationalize the considerably better conductivity of sulfonyl imide ionomers compared to Nafion((R)) under conditions of low humidity. C1 Motorola Inc, Computat Nanosci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paddison, SJ (reprint author), Motorola Inc, Computat Nanosci Grp, Los Alamos Res Pk,4200 W Jemez Rd,Suite No 300, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Paddison, Stephen/B-2935-2014 NR 41 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA C P 6079, SUCC CENTRE-VILLE, MONTREAL, QC H3C 3A7, CANADA SN 1480-2422 J9 J NEW MAT ELECTR SYS JI J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 525TA UT WOS:000174086000003 ER PT J AU Hosokawa, S Sinn, H Hensel, F Alatas, A Alp, EE Pilgrim, WC AF Hosokawa, S Sinn, H Hensel, F Alatas, A Alp, EE Pilgrim, WC TI Collective dynamics of liquid Hg investigated by inelastic X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Yamada Conference/11th International Conference on Liquid and Amorphous Metals (LAM 11) CY SEP 09-14, 2001 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn, Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Yokohama Convent & Visitors Bur ID MONATOMIC LIQUIDS; LITHIUM; EXCITATIONS; SOUND AB Short wavelength collective excitations in liquid Hg at room temperature have been investigated by high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering. Clear evidence for the existence of propagating modes was found from the S(Q, omega) at constant Q up to about 17 nm(-1). A positive dispersion in the Q-omega relation for these excitations was identified. This behavior is described in a simplified viscoelastic view. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Marburg, Inst Phys Kern & Makromol Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, SRI CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hosokawa, S (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Inst Phys Kern & Makromol Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM hosokawa@mailer.uni-marburg.de NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PY 2002 VL 312-14 BP 163 EP 167 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01677-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01677-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 607UT UT WOS:000178809700030 ER PT J AU Saboungi, ML Enderby, J Glorieux, B Schnyders, H Sungaila, Z Krishnan, S Price, DL AF Saboungi, ML Enderby, J Glorieux, B Schnyders, H Sungaila, Z Krishnan, S Price, DL TI What is new on the levitation front? SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Yamada Conference/11th International Conference on Liquid and Amorphous Metals (LAM 11) CY SEP 09-14, 2001 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn, Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Yokohama Convent & Visitors Bur ID LIQUID BORON; CONDUCTIVITY AB The principles for simultaneous measurements of the electrical conductivity and the permeability of materials ranging from ionic to semiconductors to insulators, using a non-invasive, electrodeless method, are presented succinctly. Recent results obtained for a variety of materials at room temperature and at the melting point illustrate the validity of the method. Special emphasis will be given to the fact that transport properties are now accessible over a regime of temperature never achieved before. Of particular interest is the fact it is now possible to monitor the inductance as a function of cooling, allowing a determination of changes accompanying the electrical properties and the magnetisation in the liquid and supercooled states. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Orleans, CNRS, CRMD, Orleans 02, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Lake Forest Coll, Dept Phys, Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA. Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL USA. CNRS, CRMHT, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. RP Saboungi, ML (reprint author), Univ Orleans, CNRS, CRMD, 1 Bis Rue Ferollerie, Orleans 02, France. EM mls@anl.gov RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PY 2002 VL 312-14 BP 294 EP 298 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01689-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01689-7 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 607UT UT WOS:000178809700056 ER PT J AU He, DW Zhao, Q Wang, WH Che, RZ Liu, J Luo, XJ Wang, WK AF He, DW Zhao, Q Wang, WH Che, RZ Liu, J Luo, XJ Wang, WK TI Pressure-induced crystallization in a bulk amorphous Zr-based alloy SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID METALLIC-GLASS; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; PHASE; ICE AB Crystallization of multi-component on amorphous Zr-based alloy (Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni9Be22.5Cl) is investigated at different pressures and temperatures. We have previously found that the primary crystallization temperature decreases with increasing pressure below 6 GPa, and the crystallization follows a different process under high pressure when compared to that at ambient pressure. In this work, pressure-induced crystallization is observed by in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) using synchrotron radiation in a diamond anvil cell at similar to25 GPa and room temperature. This phase transition between amorphous and crystalline is reversible and the crystallized sample returns to the amorphous state during decompression. The mechanism for pressure-induced crystallization is discussed. We suggest that the crystallized phases under high pressure are interstitial solid solution phases formed from the amorphous matrix without long-range atomic rearrangements. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Almos Neutron Sci Ctr, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 10080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, BSRF, Beijing 10039, Peoples R China. Chengdu Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China. RP He, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Almos Neutron Sci Ctr, LANSCE 12, MS-H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN PY 2002 VL 297 IS 1 BP 84 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00906-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 510RH UT WOS:000173220700010 ER PT J AU Li, N AF Li, N TI Active control of oxygen in molten lead-bismuth eutectic systems to prevent steel corrosion and coolant contamination SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The thermodynamic basis for controlling oxygen level in lead-bismuth to prevent steel corrosion and coolant contamination is examined. The operational conditions, including the thermodynamic activity of oxygen, cover gas oxygen partial pressure, mixtures of H-2 and H2O (steam) to obtain such low oxygen partial pressure (<10(-24) atm or around 10(-6) wt% in lead-bismuth), and the voltage signals of one type of oxygen sensors (with a solid electrolyte and molten bismuth reference electrode) are calculated. These results provide the guidance to implement the oxygen control technique. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS H854, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS H854, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 300 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00713-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 509TQ UT WOS:000173166100009 ER PT J AU Dinh, LN Cecala, CM Leckey, JH Balooch, M AF Dinh, LN Cecala, CM Leckey, JH Balooch, M TI The effects of moisture on LiD single crystals studied by temperature-programmed decomposition (vol 295, pg 193, 2001) SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Correction C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lockheed Martin Energy Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dinh, LN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, POB 808,L-350, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 300 IS 1 BP 89 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00705-X PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 509TQ UT WOS:000173166100011 ER PT J AU Fowler, J AF Fowler, J TI Nuclear medicine and chemistry SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fowler, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 20N EP + PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 514GL UT WOS:000173430600006 PM 11820209 ER PT J AU Rosenmeier, MF Hodell, DA Brenner, M Curtis, JH Martin, JB Anselmetti, FS Ariztegui, D Guilderson, TP AF Rosenmeier, MF Hodell, DA Brenner, M Curtis, JH Martin, JB Anselmetti, FS Ariztegui, D Guilderson, TP TI Influence of vegetation change on watershed hydrology: implications for paleoclimatic interpretation of lacustrine delta O-18 records SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate; Guatemala; Holocene; hydrology; lake sediments; Maya; oxygen isotopes; trace elements; vegetation change ID YUCATAN-PENINSULA; STABLE-ISOTOPE; OSTRACOD SHELLS; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HISTORY; OXYGEN; CARBON; YIELD; BASIN AB Stratigraphic shifts in the oxygen isotopic (delta(18)O) and trace element (Mg and Sr) composition of biogenic carbonate from tropical lake sediment cores are often interpreted as a proxy record of the changing relation between evaporation and precipitation (E/P). Holocene delta(18)O and Mg and Sr records from Lakes Salpeten and Peten Itza, Guatemala were apparently affected by drainage basin vegetation changes that influenced watershed hydrology, thereby confounding paleoclimatic interpretations. Oxygen isotope values and trace element concentrations in the two lowland lakes were greatest between similar to9000 and 6800 C-14-yr BP, suggesting relatively high E/P, but pollen data indicate moist conditions and extensive forest cover in the early Holocene. The discrepancy between pollen- and geochemically-inferred climate conditions may be reconciled if the high early Holocene delta(18)O and trace element values were controlled principally by low surface runoff and groundwater flow to the lake, rather than high E/P. Dense forest cover in the early Holocene would have increased evapotranspiration and soil moisture storage, thereby reducing delivery of meteoric water to the lakes. Carbonate delta(18)O and Mg and Sr decreased between 7200 and 3500 C-14-yr BP in Lake Salpeten and between 6800 and 5000 C-14-yr BP in Lake Peten Itza. This decline coincided with palynologically documented forest loss that may have led to increased surface and groundwater flow to the lakes. In Lake Salpeten, minimum delta(18)O values (i.e., high lake levels) occurred between 3500 and 1800 C-14-yr BP. Relatively high lake levels were confirmed by C-14-dated aquatic gastropods from subaerial soil profiles similar to1.0-7.5 m above present lake stage. High lake levels were a consequence of lower E/P and/or greater surface runoff and groundwater inflow caused by human-induced deforestation. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ETH Zentrum, Inst Geol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rosenmeier, MF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, POB 112120, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 72 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1023/A:1013535930777 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 508KD UT WOS:000173086500009 ER PT J AU Van Soest, MC Hilton, DR Macpherson, CG Mattey, DP AF Van Soest, MC Hilton, DR Macpherson, CG Mattey, DP TI Resolving sediment subduction and crustal contamination in the Lesser Antilles island Arc: A combined He-O-Sr isotope approach SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Review DE Lesser Antilles island arc; crustal contamination; helium isotopes; oxygen isotopes; strontium isotopes ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONSTRAINTS; MAGMA GENESIS; HELIUM-ISOTOPES; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS; BARBADOS RIDGE; OCEANIC-CRUST; ST-VINCENT; LAU BASIN; FORE-ARC AB We report an extensive helium isotope survey of basaltic to andesitic lavas from the Lesser Antilles island arc-an arc system with well-documented evidence of crustal contamination. Given the sensitivity of helium isotopes as a tracer of the effects of crustal additions, our aim is to evaluate the relationship of He-3/He-4 ratios to other indices of contamination processes such as oxygen and strontium isotopes. To this end, we have carried out 53 He-3/He-4 analyses on separated minerals (olivines and pyroxenes) from throughout the arc, which we compare with whole-rock strontium and phenocryst oxygen isotope measurements. We show that the three isotopic tracers show coherent patterns throughout the Lesser Antilles, indicating a regional control on crustal contamination. The southern section of the arc (Grenada to Martinique) shows clear evidence for major crustal contamination in all three isotopic systems with results for our samples in the range He-3/He-4((olivine)) 3.6-7.6R(A), delta(18)O((olivine)) 4.74-5.76parts per thousand, and Sr-87/Sr-86((whole-rock)) 0.703970-0.705463. We suggest that terrigenous sediments incorporated into the arc crust are the principal contaminant. In contrast, there is minimal contamination in the northern part of the arc [Martinique-(Dominica)-Guadeloupe to Saba] with results for the samples in the range He-3/He-4((olivine)) 6.8-8.4R(A), delta(18)O((olivine)) 5.01-5.29parts per thousand, and Sr-87/Sr-86((whole-rock)) 0.703221-0.703843. In this part of the arc, only pyroxene He-3/He-4 values (1.4-6.8R(A)) consistently record evidence of relatively minor, late-stage additions from the arc crust. Martinique appears to represent the transition between the two sections of the arc. The tracer with the greatest sensitivity appears to be helium isotopes, as contamination is seen first and most prominently in this system. C1 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, NL-1085 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Geol, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. RP Van Soest, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-4418, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hilton, David/B-7611-2008; Macpherson, Colin/F-3861-2012 OI Macpherson, Colin/0000-0001-5302-6405 NR 105 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 143 EP 170 DI 10.1093/petrology/43.1.143 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 513VB UT WOS:000173400000007 ER PT J AU Leung, AH Tichenor, DA Replogle, WC Goldsmith, JEM Kubiak, GD Stulen, RH Ballard, WP Jefferson, KL Klebanoff, LE O'Connell, DJ Wronosky, JB Taylor, JS Folta, JA Hale, LC Chapman, HN Sweeney, DW Lee, SH Attwood, DT Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P AF Leung, AH Tichenor, DA Replogle, WC Goldsmith, JEM Kubiak, GD Stulen, RH Ballard, WP Jefferson, KL Klebanoff, LE O'Connell, DJ Wronosky, JB Taylor, JS Folta, JA Hale, LC Chapman, HN Sweeney, DW Lee, SH Attwood, DT Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P TI Current status of the EUV engineering test stand SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EUVL; lithography; laser-produced-plasma; laser plasma source; maglev; magnetic levitation; stages; precision engineering; contamination AB The EUV Engineering Test Stand (ETS) has demonstrated the printing of static and scanned 100 nm dense features. This milestone was first achieved in 2001 with a developmental set of projection optics (PO Box 1) and with a low power LPP source (40W drive laser). Since that time, the source has been upgraded to a 1500W (3 chains, 500W per chain) TRW drive laser, Operating with one chain (500W), the printed static images for 100 nm features are comparable to those obtained with the low power source, while exposure time was decreased by a factor of 15 to 30. One hundred nanometer dense features printed in step-and-scan mode are of the same image quality as those obtained in static imaging. The stages have demonstrated combined x any y jitter values of 2 to 4 nm RMS over most of the wafer stage travel range, at the designed scanned speed of 10 mm/s at the wafer. This value is less than half of the designed value and provides sufficient stability to support printing of 70 nm features, EUV specific sensors at the wafer and reticle planes have been demonstrated with the TRW laser and integration will be completed later this year. The developmental projection optics (PO Box 1) will be replaced later this year with an improved projection optics system (PO Box 2) capable of printing 70 nm dense features. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leung, AH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.2494/photopolymer.15.351 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 592TN UT WOS:000177953100001 ER PT J AU Harnett, CK Satyalakshmi, KM Coates, GW Craighead, HG AF Harnett, CK Satyalakshmi, KM Coates, GW Craighead, HG TI Direct electron-beam patterning of surface coatings and sacrificial layers for micro-total analysis systems SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron-beam lithography; microfluidics; self-assembled monolayers; heat-depolymerizable polycarbonate ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; ARRAY AB Carbon-based materials were patterned by electron-beam lithography for applications in micro-total analysis systems. A heat-depolymerizable polycarbonate (HDP) layer on silicon was demonstrated as a sacrificial layer for forming microfluidic channels. Lines of HDP were patterned by electron beam lithography and an oxide capping layer was deposited. HDP was then removed from the oxide channels by heating. Coating materials for micro-total analysis systems were also investigated. Self-assembled monolayer coatings were directly patterned by electron beam lithography, then chemically treated to have the desired surface properties. The resulting chemical templates were used to pattern biomolecules and particles of interest for micro-total analysis systems. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Nanobiotechnol Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Harnett, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.2494/photopolymer.15.493 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 592TN UT WOS:000177953100024 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Shu, L Peterson, EJ Peterson, DE Mueller, FM AF Zhu, YT Shu, L Peterson, EJ Peterson, DE Mueller, FM TI Rietveld refinement of crystal chemistry of RBa4Cu3O8.5+delta (R = rare earth) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article AB Rietveld refinements of X-ray powder diffraction data were performed on RBa4Cu3O8.5+delta (R143) compounds, where R = Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb, to determine their oxygen content and distribution, lattice parameter, and space group. The total oxygen content was found to oscillate with the atomic number of the rare earth elements. The compounds with R having even atomic numbers have higher total oxygen content than those with R having odd atomic numbers. With increasing atomic number of the rare earth element, the oxygen distribution on the O3 and O4 sites changes from uniform (e.g. Sm143) to primarily on the O3 sites. The lattice parameter decreases smoothly with increasing atomic number, which is caused by the monotonic decease in the ionic radii of the rare earth elements. However, the ionic radius does not have significant influence of the total oxygen contents, The refinement also revealed that the correct space group of Sm143 and Eu143 and P2 (3) over bar and Pm (3) over bar, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mueller, FM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN PY 2002 VL 63 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(00)00286-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 491CK UT WOS:000172090300004 ER PT J AU Bernard, V Elouadrhiri, L Meissner, UG AF Bernard, V Elouadrhiri, L Meissner, UG TI Axial structure of the nucleon SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; RADIATIVE MUON-CAPTURE; VECTOR FORM-FACTOR; PSEUDOSCALAR COUPLING-CONSTANT; ELASTIC NEUTRINO SCATTERING; PION ELECTROPRODUCTION; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; LIQUID-HYDROGEN; ANTINEUTRINO INTERACTIONS; KAON PHOTOPRODUCTION AB We review the current status of experimental and theoretical understanding of the axial nucleon structure at low and moderate energies. Topics considered include (quasi)elastic (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering. charged pion electro-production off nucleons and ordinary as well as radiative muon capture oil the proton. C1 Univ Strasbourg, Grp Phys Theor, F-67084 Strasbourg 2, France. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Univ Strasbourg, Grp Phys Theor, F-67084 Strasbourg 2, France. EM bernard@lpt6.u-strasbg.fr; latifa@jlab.org; u.meissner@fz-juelich.de NR 146 TC 255 Z9 255 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP R1 EP R35 AR PII S0954-3899(02)86212-0 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/28/1/201 PG 35 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 522LN UT WOS:000173898800001 ER PT J AU Stavitski, E Galili, T Levanon, H Burrell, AK Officer, DL Scott, S AF Stavitski, E Galili, T Levanon, H Burrell, AK Officer, DL Scott, S TI Energy transfer and structure determination of porphyrin dimers linked via a phenylenebisvinylene bridge. A time-resolved triplet electron paramagnetic resonance study SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE porphyrins; time resolved electron paramegnetic resonance; EPR; energy transfer; dimers; liquid crystals; structure determination ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION-CENTER; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS; STATE; METALLOPORPHYRINS; MODEL AB The photoexcited triplet state in a series of homo and hetero dimers was examined by time resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy. The systems studied here consist of free-base tetraxylylporphyrin (H2TXP) and Zn(II) tetraxylylporphyrin (ZnTXP) and held together covalently by phenylenebisvinylene bridge at different positions. Experiments were carried out on the dimers, dissolved in an isotropic matrix (toluene), and in an anisotropic matrix of a liquid crystal (LC). Analysis of the results demonstrates that the dimers exhibit different geometries, depending on the linkage. Specifically, the triplet line shape analysis indicates that the para-dimers have a planar structure, the meta-dimers reveal the existence of two structural conformers, i.e. planar and slightly bent, while the ortho-dimers are characterized by the strongly bent molecular structure. The dimers exhibit efficient intramolecular singlet energy transfer (EnT) from ZnTXP to H2TXP subunit. On the other hand, EnT in all hetero dimers studied here is incomplete and some contribution from ZnTXP subunit is present in all triplet spectra. Thus, the efficiency of the EnT in the present systems is determined by properties of the connecting spacer, and does not depend on specific conformation and geometry of the molecule. Copyright (C) 2002 Society of Porphyrins & Phthalocyanines. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Farkas Ctr Light Induced Proc, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CSIC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Massey Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Levanon, H (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM levanon@chem.ch.huji.ac.il RI Officer, David/D-8019-2012; Stavitski, Eli/C-4863-2009 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC PORPHYRINS & PHTHALOCYANINES PI DIJON PA UNIV BOURGOGNE, LIMSAG (U M R 5633), 6 BOULEVARD GABRIEL, 21000 DIJON, FRANCE SN 1088-4246 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PY 2002 VL 6 IS 9-10 BP 578 EP 592 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 656TW UT WOS:000181625400005 ER PT J AU Bonfantini, EE Burrell, AK Campbell, WM Crossley, MJ Gosper, JJ Harding, MM Officer, DL Reid, DCW AF Bonfantini, EE Burrell, AK Campbell, WM Crossley, MJ Gosper, JJ Harding, MM Officer, DL Reid, DCW TI Efficient synthesis of free-base 2-formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins, their reduction and conversion to [(porphyrin-2-yl)methyl]phosphonium salts SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE porphyrins; periphery functionalization; formylporphyrins; porphyrin phosphonium salt; side-chain reduction ID PORPHYRIN ARRAYS; METAL-IONS; METALLOPORPHYRINS; TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRIN; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATIVES; DIMERS AB A highly efficient synthesis of 2-formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins, 1 and 2, that can be carried out on multi-gram scales is reported. The key steps in the sequence involve use of copper(II) chelation to ensure very efficient electrophilic substitution, and the demetalation of the intermediate iminium salt that results from Vilsmeier-Haack formylation of the copper(II) porphyrins prior to base-catalyzed. hydrolysis of the salt to the corresponding free-base 2-formylporphyrin. This sequence avoids the formation of by-products that inevitably result when the formyl group is subjected to acidic conditions. Borohydride reduction of (metallo)-2-formylporphyrins give the corresponding 2-hydroxymethyl-porphyrins in quantitative yield. Catalytic reduction of copper(II) 2-hydroxymethyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin 15 with hydrogen under acidic conditions affords 2-methyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin 20 in 60% yield. Treatment of 2-hydroxymethylporphyrins with thionyl chloride in dry pyridine yields the corresponding 2-chloromethyl-porphyrins in good yields. The 2-chloromethyl-porphyrins give the corresponding triphenyl[(porphyrin-2-yl)methyl]phosphonium chlorides in 90% yield on treatment with PPh3 in boiling chloroform. These salts are useful building blocks for the synthesis of conjugated porphyrin dimers and higher oligomers. Copyright (C) 2002 Society of Porphyrins & Phthalocyanines. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Massey Univ, IFS Chem, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Crossley, MJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Officer, David/D-8019-2012; Crossley, Maxwell/C-5285-2014; OI Crossley, Maxwell/0000-0001-9851-033X; Harding, Margaret/0000-0003-1072-3870 NR 36 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOC PORPHYRINS & PHTHALOCYANINES PI DIJON PA UNIV BOURGOGNE, LIMSAG (U M R 5633), 6 BOULEVARD GABRIEL, 21000 DIJON, FRANCE SN 1088-4246 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PY 2002 VL 6 IS 11-12 BP 708 EP 719 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 650EQ UT WOS:000181250200006 ER PT J AU Belcher, WJ Burrell, AK Officer, DL Reid, DCW Scott, SM AF Belcher, WJ Burrell, AK Officer, DL Reid, DCW Scott, SM TI The synthesis of specifically metallated heterobimetallic dimeric porphyrins SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE porphyrins; porphyrin dimers; metallated porphyrin dimers; unsymmetrical porphyrin dimers; porphyrin phosphonium salt; Wittig synthesis ID ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION; MULTIPORPHYRIN ARRAYS; WITTIG REACTIONS; BUILDING-BLOCK AB A series of conjugated mixed metal heteroporphyrin dimers has been prepared using Wittig chemistry. They can be synthesized from a double Wittig reaction between porphyrin phosphonium salts and phthalaldehydes, or from stepwise Wittig reactions. This allows both symmetrical and unsymmetrical dimers to be prepared with complete control of porphyrin metallation. Copyright (C) 2002 Society of Porphyrins & Phthalocyanines. C1 Massey Univ, IFS Chem, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Officer, DL (reprint author), Massey Univ, IFS Chem, Nanomat Res Ctr, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RI Officer, David/D-8019-2012 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PORPHYRINS & PHTHALOCYANINES PI DIJON PA UNIV BOURGOGNE, LIMSAG (U M R 5633), 6 BOULEVARD GABRIEL, 21000 DIJON, FRANCE SN 1088-4246 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PY 2002 VL 6 IS 11-12 BP 720 EP 736 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 650EQ UT WOS:000181250200007 ER PT J AU Hodgson, MC Burrell, AK Boyd, PDW Brothers, PJ Rickard, CEF AF Hodgson, MC Burrell, AK Boyd, PDW Brothers, PJ Rickard, CEF TI Synthesis, structure and properties of ferrocene functionalized porphyrins SO JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES LA English DT Article DE ferrocene; porphyrin; picket fence; metallated ID PICKET-FENCE PORPHYRIN; MEMBRANE ELECTRODES; ANION; MOSSBAUER; EPR; SELECTIVITY; SEPARATION; BINDING AB A series of free-base and metallated mixed ferrocenamido- and pivalamidophenylporphyrins have been prepared from the alpha,alpha',alphaalpha",alpha''' isomer of 5,10,15,20-tetra(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin. The X-ray crystal structure of the iron(III) alpha,alpha',alpha",alpha"'-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-ferrocenamidophenyl)porphyrin bromide has been determined and compared. with related structures of cobalt(III) alpha,alpha',alpha",alpha'''-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin bromide pyridine and the free base alpha,alpha',alpha",alpha'''-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin. In both metalloporphyrins the coordinated axial bromides are contained in the cavity formed by the appended pickets with all the amide N-H bonds directed toward the anion. Copyright (C) 2002 Society of Porphyrins & Phthalocyanines. C1 Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boyd, PDW (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand. OI Brothers, Penelope/0000-0001-8350-2361 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC PORPHYRINS & PHTHALOCYANINES PI DIJON PA UNIV BOURGOGNE, LIMSAG (U M R 5633), 6 BOULEVARD GABRIEL, 21000 DIJON, FRANCE SN 1088-4246 J9 J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA JI J. Porphyr. Phthalocyanines PY 2002 VL 6 IS 11-12 BP 737 EP 747 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 650EQ UT WOS:000181250200008 ER PT J AU Mikellides, PG Turchi, PJ Mikellides, IG AF Mikellides, PG Turchi, PJ Mikellides, IG TI Design of a fusion propulsion system - Part 1: Gigawatt-level magnetoplasmadynamic source SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB Optimum travel duration for manned interplanetary missions requires propulsion systems that deliver very high thrust, on the order of a thousand Newtons, in conjunction with specific impulse capabilities that exceed 10,000 s. Theoretically, rocket propellants consisting of fusion reactants intermixed with large masses of low-molecular-weight fuels can be expanded within a magnetic nozzle to meet these requirements. To produce the power levels associated with such systems, a gigawatt pulse line called Godzilla is adapted for experimental development. The megajoule-level energy available is electromagnetically deposited in cold helium gas to simulate the fusion-heated, low-molecular-weight propellant. The magnetohydrodynamic computer code, MACH2, is employed to provide guidelines in the design of this magnetoplasmadynamic plasma source. The numerical results specify the geometric configuration and operation conditions required to overcome destructive effects associated with these power levels within experimental limitations. C1 Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Def Technol Grp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Mikellides, PG (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, 22800 Cedar Point Dr, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.2514/2.5910 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 516VJ UT WOS:000173577200017 ER PT J AU Montgomery, CJ Cremer, MA Chen, JY Westbrook, CK Maurice, LQ AF Montgomery, CJ Cremer, MA Chen, JY Westbrook, CK Maurice, LQ TI Reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms for hydrocarbon fuels SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID N-HEPTANE OXIDATION; COMBUSTION; PYROLYSIS AB Several reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms for combustion of ethylene and n-heptane have been generated using CARM, a computer program that automates the mechanism-reduction process. The method uses a set of input test problems to rank species by the error introduced by assuming they are in quasi-steady state. The reduced mechanisms have been compared to detailed chemistry calculations in simple homogeneous reactors and experiments. Reduced mechanisms for combustion of ethylene having as few as 10 species were found to give reasonable agreement with detailed chemistry over a range of stoichiometries. Much better agreement with detailed chemistry was found for ethylene ignition delay when the reduced mechanism was tuned through selection of input test problems. The performance of reduced mechanisms derived from a large detailed mechanism for n-heptane was compared to results from reduced mechanisms derived from a smaller semi-empirical mechanism. The semi-empirical mechanism was clearly advantageous as a starting point for reduction for ignition delay, but the differences were not as notable for perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) calculations. Reduced mechanisms with as few as 12 species gave excellent results for n-heptane/air PSR calculations but 16-25 or more species are needed to simulate n-heptane ignition delay. C1 React Engn Int, Engn Anal Grp, Salt Lake City, UT 84101 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Montgomery, CJ (reprint author), React Engn Int, Engn Anal Grp, 77 West 200 South,Suite 210, Salt Lake City, UT 84101 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.2514/2.5916 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 516VJ UT WOS:000173577200023 ER PT J AU Yu, HL Cox, JV AF Yu, HL Cox, JV TI Radial elastic modulus for the interface between FRP reinforcing bars and concrete SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE surface structure; fiber-reinforced polymer; concrete; transverse isotropy; elastic modulus; interface; homogenization; reinforcement; bond; splitting; snap back ID FIBER COMPOSITES; INTERPHASES; BEHAVIOR; TENSILE; MODEL AB The surface structure of reinforcing elements within a matrix can produce a complex mechanical interaction including mechanical interlocking along the interface. This interaction can be modeled using an interface idealization at a scale in which the details of the surface structure are omitted and the actual interface traction is homogenized over a length characteristic of the surface structure. For some applications such as the reinforcement of concrete with FRP bars, the reinforcing element can be idealized as being a circular cylinder, and the radial elastic interaction can affect the overall behavior, e.g., the "bond response" and failure mode of the composite system. The definition of the radial elastic modulus for the interface of the "homogenized model" requires static equivalence of the actual and homogenized tractions and equal amounts of strain energy in the domains. A unit cell approach is taken idealizing the traction distribution as periodic, and an analytical solution for the strain energy in the reinforcing element is presented. The analytical expression for the elastic modulus reflects its dependence upon the traction distribution, material properties, and bar geometry. To study the effects of these parameters, three bond specimens of an FRP bar in a concrete matrix are examined. As the actual traction distribution becomes more concentrated, the interface of the homogenized model becomes more compliant. With respect to material properties, the radial elastic modulus is usually most sensitive to changes in the transverse Young's modulus of the FRP bar; for lightweight concrete the modulus is equally sensitive to changes in Young's modulus of the concrete. The elastic moduli are applied to accurately reproduce the effects of a non-uniform traction distribution even when the concrete is split longitudinally and snap-back behavior occurs in the radial response. The traction distribution and compliance of the FRP bar have a significant effect on the snap-back behavior which indicates the potential for a very sudden failure due to concrete cracking. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cox, JV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Mech Dept, POB 5800,MS-0893, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 14 BP 1285 EP 1318 DI 10.1106/073168402023778 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 597WL UT WOS:000178243700004 ER PT J AU Ko, D Poeppelmeier, KR Kammler, DR Gonzalez, GB Mason, TO Williamson, DL Young, DL Coutts, TJ AF Ko, D Poeppelmeier, KR Kammler, DR Gonzalez, GB Mason, TO Williamson, DL Young, DL Coutts, TJ TI Cation distribution of the transparent conductor and spinel oxide solution Cd1+xIn2-2xSnxO4 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SITU NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CADMIUM STANNATE; RADII AB The cation distribution in the transparent conducting oxide Cd1+xIn2-2xSnxO4 was investigated to determine if there is a correlation between structure and electronic properties. Combined Rietveld refinements of neutron and X-ray diffraction data and Sn-119 Mossbauer spectroscopic analysis were used to show that the cation distribution changed with x (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.7) from a primarily normal spinel (x=0) to an increasingly random spinel. CdIn2O4 quenched from 1175degreesC has an inversion parameter of 0.31 (i.e., (Cd0.69In0.31)(tet)(In1.69Cd0.31)O-oct(4)). The inversion parameter decreases to 0.27 as the quench temperature is lowered from 1175degreesC to 1000degreesC. The decrease in inversion parameter with temperature correlates with an increase in optical gap from 3.0 eV to 3.3 eV for specimens prepared at 1175degreesC and 800degreesC respectively. We show that this is a consequence of an increase in the fundamental band gap. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Poeppelmeier, KR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 163 IS 1 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1006/jssc.2001.9405 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 517LA UT WOS:000173611000033 ER PT J AU Bowman, KO Shenton, LR AF Bowman, KO Shenton, LR TI Problems with maximum likelihood estimation and the 3 parameter gamma distribution SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE continued fractions; divergent series; location parameter; polygamma functions; Psi function; Riemann zeta function; Taylor series; variances AB The three parameters involved are scale a , shape rho, and location s . Maximum likelihood estimators are ((a) over cap, (ρ) over cap, (s) over cap) . Using recent work on the second order variances, skewness, and kurtosis we establish the facts, that if the location parameter s is to be estimated, then the asymptotic variances only exist if rho>2, asymptotic skewness only exists if rho>3, and 2nd order variances and third order fourth central moments only exist if rho>4. The result of these limitations is that in general very large sample sizes may be needed to avoid inference problems. We also include new continued fractions for the asymptotic covariances of the maximum likelihood estimators considered. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bowman, KO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,MS-6367, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 2002 VL 72 IS 5 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1080/00949650290007414 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 581TT UT WOS:000177309900003 ER PT J AU Watts, NR Jones, LN Cheng, NQ Wall, JS Parry, DAD Steven, AC AF Watts, NR Jones, LN Cheng, NQ Wall, JS Parry, DAD Steven, AC TI Cryo-electron microscopy of trichocyte (hard alpha-keratin) intermediate filaments reveals a low-density core SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Coiled-Coils, Collagen, and Co-Proteins CY SEP 16-21, 2001 CL ALPBACH, AUSTRIA DE hair; image reconstruction; keratin filaments; polymorphism; scanning transmission electron microscope ID TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; EPIDERMAL KERATIN; MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEXES; ASSEMBLED INVITRO; MASS; MICROGRAPHS; VIMENTIN; STEM; NEUROFILAMENTS; VISUALIZATION AB Trichocyte intermediate filaments (IF) are the principal components of epidermal appendages such as hair and nail. Based on studies by a variety of techniques, it has been inferred that trichocyte IF are structurally similar to other kinds of IF. However, some basic structural attributes have yet to be established: in particular, it has remained unclear whether IF are hollow. We have examined trichocyte IF isolated from rat vibrissae and human hair follicles by electron microscopy. Scanning transmission electron microscopy of freeze-dried specimens yielded mass-per-unit-length values of similar to32 kDa/nm, with the human preparations also containing filaments at half this density, corresponding to two rather than four protofibrils. Radial density profiles calculated from cryo-electron micrographs of vitrified specimens preserved in a near-native state revealed a low-density region of similar to3 nm diameter around the filament axis. A minor species of filament with the same internal structure was surface-decorated with material arranged with a helical pitch length of 9.3 nm. These filaments appear to represent IF coated with associated proteins-perhaps, "high-sulfur" proteins-readied for incorporation into the filament-matrix biocomposite of the mature hair. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 NIH, Struct Biol Res Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CSIRO, Div Wool Technol, Belmont, Vic 3216, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Steven, AC (reprint author), NIH, Struct Biol Res Lab, 50 South Dr,Room 1517, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR01777] NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1006/jsbi.2002.4469 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 566XL UT WOS:000176453500013 PM 12064938 ER PT J AU Shvyd'ko, YV Lucht, M Gerdau, E Lerche, M Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Sutter, J Toellner, TS AF Shvyd'ko, YV Lucht, M Gerdau, E Lerche, M Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Sutter, J Toellner, TS TI Measuring wavelengths and lattice constants with the Mossbauer wavelength standard SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE lattice constants; X-ray wavelength; wavelength standards; Mossbauer radiation; Al2O3 ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; X-RAYS; BACKSCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; ALPHA-AL2O3; SILICON; DENSITY; EU-151 AB The newly proposed atomic-scale length standard, the wavelength of the Fe-57 Mossbauer radiation [Shvyd'ko et al. (2000). Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 495-498], is used to measure the wavelengths of the Mossbauer radiation of Eu-151, 57.556185 (27) pm, Sn-119, 51.920811 (39) pm, and Dy-161, 48.334336 (19) pm, with a relative accuracy of similar to0.5 p.p.m. Also, the lattice constants of Al2O3 are measured in a temperature range from 286 K to 374 K. At room temperature, T = 295.65 K, their values are a = 4.759213 (8) Angstrom, c = 12.991586 (4) Angstrom. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. EM yuri.shvydko@desy.de NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 BP 17 EP 23 PN 1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 509MZ UT WOS:000173152700003 ER PT J AU Phillips, WC Stewart, A Stanton, M Naday, I Ingersoll, C AF Phillips, WC Stewart, A Stanton, M Naday, I Ingersoll, C TI High-sensitivity CCD-based X-ray detector SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE detectors; X-ray detectors; X-ray diffraction; time-resolved diffraction; data acquisition ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB The detector is designed for imaging measurements requiring relatively high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. The detector can discriminate single X-ray photons, yet has the wide dynamic range (similar to 10000: 1) associated with integrating detectors. A GdO2S2 phosphor screen converts the incoming X-ray image into an optical image. The optical image is coupled (without demagnification) to the CCD image sensor using a fiber optic faceplate. The CCD (Philips Semiconductors) has an area of 4.9 x 8.6 cm with 4000 x 7000 12 mum pixels. A single 12 keV X-ray photon produces a signal of 100 e(-). With 2 x 2 pixel binning, the total noise per 24 mum pixel in a 100 s image is similar to30 e(-), the detective quantum efficiency is >0.6 at 1 X-ray photon per pixel, and the full image can be read out in <4 s. The spatial resolution is 50 μm. The CCD readout system is fully computer-controlled, allowing flexible operation in time-resolved experiments. The detector has been characterized using visible-light images, X-ray images and time-resolved muscle diffraction measurements. C1 Brandeis Univ, Rosenstiel Basic Med Sci Res Ctr, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Phillips, WC (reprint author), Brandeis Univ, Rosenstiel Basic Med Sci Res Ctr, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-12598-03] NR 16 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 BP 36 EP 43 PN 1 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 509MZ UT WOS:000173152700006 PM 11779944 ER PT J AU Siriwardane, HJ Smith, DH AF Siriwardane, HJ Smith, DH TI Synthesis of methane hydrate in an unconsolidated medium SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE methane hydrate; synthesis; unconsolidated media; homogeneity; conversion ratio ID STATE AB Under certain conditions of low temperature and high pressure, mixtures of small gas molecules and water form crystalline, ice-like compounds called clathrate hydrates. It is believed that large quantities of natural deposits of methane hydrate are formed in unconsolidated media from natural gas and water. Development of recovery techniques for this potential natural gas resource requires comprehensive laboratory investigations of engineering properties, which in turn require a capability for reproducibly synthesizing methane hydrate in unconsolidated matrix materials. This paper presents a procedure for synthesizing methane hydrate in an unconsolidated sand matrix. Results of dissociation experiments indicate that the samples prepared according to this procedure are relatively homogeneous and suitable for use in investigations of mechanical and other properties. The methane hydrate content and porosity of the samples can be controlled in the procedure developed. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Siriwardane, HJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 6103, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 519EK UT WOS:000173711800001 ER PT J AU Jumel, S Domain, C Ruste, J Van Duysen, JC Becquart, C Legris, A Pareige, P Barbu, A Van Walle, E Chaouadi, R Hou, M Odette, GR Stoller, RE Wirth, BD AF Jumel, S Domain, C Ruste, J Van Duysen, JC Becquart, C Legris, A Pareige, P Barbu, A Van Walle, E Chaouadi, R Hou, M Odette, GR Stoller, RE Wirth, BD TI Simulation of irradiation effects in reactor pressure vessel steels: the Reactor for Virtual Experiments (REVE) project SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE simulation; radiation effect; RPV steels; code coupling ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; POTENTIALS AB Components of commercial nuclear reactors are subjected to neutron bombardments that can modify their mechanical properties. Prediction of in-service and post-service behaviors generally requires irradiation in so-called "test reactors" as well as subsequent mechanical testing in specialized hot cell facilities. However, the use of these research facilities is becoming more problematic, in particular due to increasing costs and decreasing availability. One way of partially mitigating these problems is to complement the empirical approach by developing tools for numerical simulation of irradiation effects in materials. The development of such tools is clearly an ambitious task that will require a long-term international collaborative effort. In this paper, we present an outline of the Reactor for Virtual Experiments (REVS) project, a collaborative European and American effort aimed at developing quantitative simulations of irradiation effects in materials. The first demonstration phase of REVE will target embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels, since the effects and mechanisms of irradiation damage in this material are relatively well understood and many modeling tools have been developed or are under development in this field. As for any experiment, the input variables of the REVE simulation will be the neutron spectrum, time and temperature of irradiation, the alloy composition (e.g., Cu, Ni, Mn, and C contents) and microstructure and the unirradiated mechanical properties. The simulations will predict the irradiation-induced increases of yield stress and Charpy transition temperature as well as the decrease of toughness due to the concomitant evolution of the microstructure. C1 Elect France, EDF, R&D Div, F-77818 Moret Sur Loing, France. Univ Lille 1, UMR 1577, Lab Met Phys & Genie Mat, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Rouen, UMR 6634, Grp Phys Mat, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. CEA, CEREM, SESI, Ecole Polytech, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Ctr Etud Energie Nucl, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Free Univ Brussels, Lab Phys & Solides Irradies, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jumel, S (reprint author), Elect France, EDF, R&D Div, Les Renardieres, F-77818 Moret Sur Loing, France. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; PAREIGE, Philippe/A-2588-2013; Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 519EK UT WOS:000173711800005 ER PT J AU Schrems, KK Dogan, ON Hawk, JA AF Schrems, KK Dogan, ON Hawk, JA TI Verification of thin-wall ductile iron test methodology SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE ductile iron; thin wall castings; mechanical properties; test methods AB Modifications need to be made to standard test procedures to determine the actual properties of thin-walled ductile iron castings. A series of experiments was performed on test bars to examine the effects of surface finish, elongation measurement techniques, and the amount of material removed during grinding. A paired t-test was used to show that strength and ductility increased as a result of removing the as-received (as-cast) surface. This is attributed to inaccuracies in measuring the cross section area of the rough surface as well as an actual increase in strain through removal of surface effects. A nontraditional method of measuring elongation (to retain the fracture surface) was compared to the standard ASTM method. The nontraditional method was found to be a conservative measure of elongation that is highly correlated with plastic strain as measured by the stress-strain curve. The amount of surface removed during grinding was found not to affect the mechanical properties with the exception of hardness, a surface measurement. It is suggested that thin-walled castings be tested in the condition the casting will be used, i.e., if the casting will be used with the as-cast surface, testing with the as-cast surface will accurately reproduce the decrease in strain caused by the surface effects. If the casting will be ground before use, any amount of surface can be removed to make the testing convenient. C1 US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Schrems, KK (reprint author), US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 519EK UT WOS:000173711800006 ER PT J AU Gu, H Cannon, RM Seifert, HJ Hoffmann, MJ Tanaka, I AF Gu, H Cannon, RM Seifert, HJ Hoffmann, MJ Tanaka, I TI Solubility of Si(3)N(4) in liquid SiO(2) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID O-N GLASSES; SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; OXYNITRIDE GLASS; SYSTEM; MICROSTRUCTURE; FILMS; AMMONIA; GROWTH AB The nitrogen solubility in the SiO(2)-rich liquid in the metastable binary SiO(2)-Si(3)N(4) system has been determined by analytical TEM to be 1%-4% of N/(O + N) at 1973-2223 K. Analysis of the near edge structure of the electron energy loss peak indicates that nitrogen is Incorporated into the silicate network rather than being present as molecular N(2). A regular solution model with a positive enthalpy of mixing for the liquid was used to match the data for the metastable solubility of N in the presence of crystalline Si(3)N(4) and to adjust the computed phase diagram. The solubility of Si(3)N(4) in fused SiO(2) is far less than reported in liquid silicates also containing Al, Mg, and/or Y. Apparently, these cations act as modifiers that break anion bridges in the silicate network and, thereby, allow further incorporation of Si(3)N(4) without prohibitive amounts of network cross-linking. Finally, indications emerged regarding the diffuse nature of the Si(3)N(4)-SiO(2) interface that leads to amorphous regions of higher N content. C1 Shanghai Inst Ceram, State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Res, Pulvermet Lab, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Keram Maschinenbau, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RP Gu, H (reprint author), Shanghai Inst Ceram, State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. RI Tanaka, Isao/B-5941-2009 NR 55 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 511EC UT WOS:000173250800006 ER PT J AU Painter, GS Becher, PF Sun, EY AF Painter, GS Becher, PF Sun, EY TI Bond energetics at intergranular interfaces in alumina-doped silicon nitride SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Ceram Soc ID IMPROVED FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; WHISKER-REINFORCED ALUMINA; R-CURVE RESPONSE; MICROSTRUCTURAL DESIGN; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; BETA-SIALON; CERAMICS; BETA-SI3N4 AB In Si3N4 ceramics sintered with Al2O3, the interfacial strength between the intergranular glass and the reinforcing grains has been observed to increase with increases in the aluminum and oxygen content of the epitaxial beta-Si6-zAlzOzN layer that forms on the Si3N4 grains. This has been attributed to the formation of a network of strong bonds (cross bonds) that span the glass-crystalline interface. This proposed mechanism is considered further in light of first-principles atomic cluster calculations of the relative stabilities of bridge and threefold-bonded atomic fragments chosen to represent compositional changes at the glass/Si3N4, grain interface. Calculated binding energies Indicate Al-N binding is favorable at the Si3N4 grain surface, where aluminum occupancy can promote the growth of SiAlON, further enhancing the cross-bonding mechanism of interfacial strengthening. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Painter, GS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 511EC UT WOS:000173250800013 ER PT J AU Pezzotti, G Painter, GS AF Pezzotti, G Painter, GS TI Mechanisms of dopant-induced changes in intergranular SiO2 viscosity in polycrystalline silicon nitride SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Ceram Soc ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY VISCOSITY; CERAMICS AB Mechanical spectroscopic methods and first-principles density functional calculations were applied to attempt a quantitative analysis of both atomic structure and viscous behavior of Si3N4 grain boundaries. In particular, the effect on the intergranular structure/viscosity of small fractions of selected anion/cation dopants was examined in comparison with the undoped polycrystal. From the point of view of mechanical spectroscopy, emphasis was placed on the morphologic analysis, as a function of frequency of oscillation, of a relaxation peak that originates from grain boundary sliding. The morphologic characteristics of the grain-boundary peak clearly revealed the presence of significant chemical gradients among different grain boundaries for particular dopants (e.g., Cl and Ba). On dopant addition, a reduction In activation energy for viscous intergranular flow was observed which broadened the grain-boundary peak. Chemical inhomogeneities also broadened the peak shape by generating a spectrum of activation energies. First-principles density functional calculations were conducted for cluster fragment models representative of the amorphous SiO2 intergranular film. The results explicitly showed the mechanism by which the respective dopants break bonds in the host, an action that directly reduces the viscosity of the SiO2 film. These complementary theoretical studies assist understanding and atomic-scale rationalization of the differences in segregation behavior of different dopants incorporated into the SiO2 film. C1 Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Mat, Ceram Phys Lab, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pezzotti, G (reprint author), Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Mat, Ceram Phys Lab, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 511EC UT WOS:000173250800018 ER PT J AU Tohver, V Morissette, SL Lewis, JA Tuttle, BA Voigt, JA Dimos, DB AF Tohver, V Morissette, SL Lewis, JA Tuttle, BA Voigt, JA Dimos, DB TI Direct-write fabrication of zinc oxide varistors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RHEOLOGY; INDUSTRY AB Zinc oxide (ZnO)-based pastes with tailored rheological properties have been developed for direct-write fabrication of thick-film varistor elements in highly integrated, multifunctional electroceramic devices. Such pastes exhibited pseudoplastic behavior with a low shear apparent viscosity of roughly 1 X 10(4) Pa.s. Upon aging, the pastes attained printable, steady-state viscosities of approximately 3 X 10(2) Pa.s at 10 s(-1). Square and rectangular elements were patterned on dense alumina substrates and sintered at varying temperatures between 800degrees and 1250degreesC. Varistor elements fired at 900degreesC exhibited nonlinearity coefficients (alpha = 30) that were equivalent to high-density (>95%) varistors formed by cold isostatic pressing at 100 MPa (15 ksi) of a similar chemically derived powder heat-treated under analogous conditions. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 511EC UT WOS:000173250800025 ER PT J AU Kim, HD Han, BD Park, DS Lee, BT Becher, PF AF Kim, HD Han, BD Park, DS Lee, BT Becher, PF TI Novel two-step sintering process to obtain a bimodal microstructure in silicon nitride SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CERAMICS; CARBON; SI3N4; TRANSFORMATION; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR; DESIGN; SYSTEM; SI3N4-SIO2-Y2O3 AB A two-step sintering process is described in which the first step suppresses densification while allowing the alpha-to-beta phase transformation to proceed, and the second step, at higher temperatures, promotes densification and grain growth. This process allows one to obtain a bimodal microstructure in Si2N4 without using beta-Si3N4 seed crystals. A carbothermal reduction process was used in the first step to modify the densification and transformation rates of the compacts consisting of Si3N4, Y2O3, Al2O3, and a carbon mixture. The carbothermal reduction process reduces the oxygen:nitrogen ratio of the Y-Si-Al-O-N glass that forms, which leads to the precipitation of crystalline oxynitride phases, in particular, the apatite phase. Precipitation of the apatite phase reduces the amount of liquid phase and retards the densification process up to 1750degreesC; however, the a-to-p phase transformation is not hindered. This results in the distribution of large P-nuclei in a porous fine-grained beta-Si3N4 matrix. Above 1750degreesC, liquid formed by the melting of apatite resulted in a rapid increase in densification rates, and the larger beta-nuclei also grew rapidly, which promoted the development of a bimodal microstructure. C1 Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Ceram Mat Grp, Kyungnam 641010, South Korea. Kongju Natl Univ, Div Adv Mat Engn, Kong Ju 314701, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Ceram Mat Grp, Kyungnam 641010, South Korea. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 511EC UT WOS:000173250800046 ER PT J AU Fahrenholtz, WG Loehman, RE Ewsuk, KG AF Fahrenholtz, WG Loehman, RE Ewsuk, KG TI Reactive hot pressing of alumina-molybdenum disilicide composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE; PHASE; TOUGHNESS AB Al2O3-MoSi2 composites were prepared by reactive hot pressing using molybdenum, aluminum, and mullite powders as precursors. The Gibbs free energy was highly negative for the composite-forming reaction, which indicated that the products were stable relative to the reactants. After the reaction, the composites had high relative density, similar to96%. Based on the composite-forming reaction, the composites should have contained 18 vol% MoSi2 in an Al2O3 matrix. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the MoSi2 inclusions were elongated, with an average thickness of similar to5 mum and inclusion lengths that ranged from 5 to 50 mum. Average composite strength was 467 MPa, and toughness was 3.7 MPa(.)m(1/2). C1 Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Fahrenholtz, WG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. OI Fahrenholtz, William/0000-0002-8497-0092 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 258 EP 260 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 511EC UT WOS:000173250800049 ER PT J AU Masselon, C Tolmachev, AV Anderson, GA Harkewicz, R Smith, RD AF Masselon, C Tolmachev, AV Anderson, GA Harkewicz, R Smith, RD TI Mass measurement errors caused by "local" frequency perturbations in FTICR mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; SPACE-CHARGE; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; IMAGE CHARGE; FT-ICR; RESOLUTION; ACCURACY; SPECTRA; SHIFTS; MS AB One of the key qualities of mass spectrometric measurements for biomolecules is the mass measurement accuracy (MMA) obtained. FTICR presently provides the highest MMA over a broad m/z range. However, due to space charge effects, the achievable MMA crucially depends on the number of ions trapped in the ICR cell for a measurement. Thus, beyond some point, as the effective sensitivity and dynamic range of a measurement increase, MMA tends to decrease. While analyzing deviations from the commonly used calibration law in FTICR we have found systematic errors which are not accounted for by a "global" space charge correction approach. The analysis of these errors and their dependence on charge population and post-excite radius have led us to conclude that each ion cloud experiences a different interaction with other ion clouds. We propose a novel calibration function which is shown to provide an improvement in MMA for all the spectra studied. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2002, 13, 99-106) (C) 2002 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MS K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Masselon, Christophe/A-2340-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA81654] NR 30 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(01)00333-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 504QX UT WOS:000172868300013 PM 11777206 ER PT J AU Penner, JE Zhang, SY Chin, M Chuang, CC Feichter, J Feng, Y Geogdzhayev, IV Ginoux, P Herzog, M Higurashi, A Koch, D Land, C Lohmann, U Mishchenko, M Nakajima, T Pitari, G Soden, B Tegen, I Stowe, L AF Penner, JE Zhang, SY Chin, M Chuang, CC Feichter, J Feng, Y Geogdzhayev, IV Ginoux, P Herzog, M Higurashi, A Koch, D Land, C Lohmann, U Mishchenko, M Nakajima, T Pitari, G Soden, B Tegen, I Stowe, L TI A comparison of model- and satellite-derived aerosol optical depth and reflectivity SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; SULFUR CYCLE; GLOBAL-MODEL; EMISSIONS; SULFATE; OCEAN; CLIMATOLOGY; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION AB The determination of an accurate quantitative understanding of the role of tropospheric aerosols in the earth's radiation budget is extremely important because forcing by anthropogenic aerosols presently represents one of the most uncertain aspects of climate models. Here the authors present a systematic comparison of three different analyses of satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth based on the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-measured radiances with optical depths derived from six different models. Also compared are the model-derived clear-sky reflected shortwave radiation with satellite-measured reflectivities derived from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) satellite. The three different satellite-derived optical depths differ by between -0.10 and 0.07 optical depth units in comparison to the average of the three analyses depending on latitude and month, but the general features of the retrievals are similar. The models differ by between -0.09 and +0.16 optical depth units from the average of the models. Differences between the average of the models and the average of the satellite analyses range over -0.11 to +0.05 optical depth units. These differences are significant since the annual average clear-sky radiative forcing associated with the difference between the average of the models and the average of the satellite analyses ranges between -3.9 and 0.7 W m(-2) depending on latitude and is -1.7 W m(-2) on a global average annual basis. Variations in the source strengths of dimethylsulfide-derived aerosols and sea salt aerosols can explain differences between the models, and between the models and satellite retrievals of up to 0.2 optical depth units. The comparison of model-generated reflected shortwave radiation and ERBE-measured shortwave radiation is similar in character as a function of latitude to the analysis of modeled and satellite-retrieved optical depths, but the differences between the modeled clear-sky reflected flux and the ERBE clear-sky reflected flux is generally larger than that inferred from the difference between the models and the AVHRR optical depths, especially at high latitudes. The difference between the mean of the models and the ERBE-analyzed clear-sky flux is 1.6 W m(-2). The overall comparison indicates that the model-generated aerosol optical depth is systematically lower than that inferred from measurements between the latitudes of 10degrees and 30degreesS. It is not likely that the shortfall is due to small values of the sea salt optical depth because increases in this component would create modeled optical depths that are larger than those from satellites in the region north of 30degreesN and near 50degreesS. Instead, the source strengths for DMS and biomass aerosols in the models may be too low. Firm conclusions, however, will require better retrieval procedures for the satellites, including better cloud screening procedures, further improvement of the model's treatment of aerosol transport and removal, and a better determination of aerosol source strengths. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ibaraki, Japan. Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Satellite Res Lab, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Penner, JE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM penner@umich.edu RI Herzog, Michael/B-4722-2010; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Nakajima, Teruyuki/H-2370-2013; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; chuang, cathy/H-4814-2012; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Nakajima, Teruyuki/0000-0002-9042-504X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578 NR 39 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 441 EP 460 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0441:ACOMAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300012 ER PT J AU Smirnov, A Holben, BN Kaufman, YJ Dubovik, O Eck, TF Slutsker, I Pietras, C Halthore, RN AF Smirnov, A Holben, BN Kaufman, YJ Dubovik, O Eck, TF Slutsker, I Pietras, C Halthore, RN TI Optical properties of atmospheric aerosol in maritime environments SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CHARACTERIZATION EXPERIMENT ACE-1; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; SAHARAN DUST; ARABIAN-SEA; WESTERN PACIFIC; ATLANTIC-OCEAN AB Systematic characterization of aerosol over the oceans is needed to understand the aerosol effect on climate and on transport of pollutants between continents. Reported are the results of a comprehensive optical and physical characterization of ambient aerosol in five key island locations of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) of sun and sky radiometers, spanning over 2-5 yr. The results are compared with aerosol optical depths and size distributions reported in the literature over the last 30 yr. Aerosol found over the tropical Pacific Ocean (at three sites between 20degreesS and 20degreesN) still resembles mostly clean background conditions dominated by maritime aerosol. The optical thickness is remarkably stable with mean value of tau(a) (500 nm) = 0.07, mode value at tau(am) = 0.06, and standard deviation of 0.02-0.05. The average Angstrom exponent range, from 0.3 to 0.7, characterizes the wavelength dependence of the optical thickness. Over the tropical to subtropical Atlantic (two stations at 7degreesS and 32degreesN) the optical thickness is significantly higher: taua (500 nm) = 0.14 and tau(am) = 0.10 due to the frequent presence of dust, smoke, and urban-industrial aerosol. For both oceans the atmospheric column aerosol is characterized by a bimodal lognormal size distribution with a fine mode at effective radius R-eff = 0.11 +/- 0.01 mum and coarse mode at R-eff = 2.1 +/- 0.3 mum. A review of the published 150 historical ship measurements from the last three decades shows that tau(am) was around 0.07 to 0.12 in general agreement with the present finding. The information should be useful as a test bed for aerosol global models and aerosol representation in global climate models. With global human population expansion and industrialization, these measurements can serve in the twenty-first century as a basis to assess decadal changes in the aerosol concentration, properties, and radiative forcing of climate. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biosper Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biosper Sci Branch, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; NR 145 TC 224 Z9 234 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 501 EP 523 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0501:OPOAAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300015 ER PT J AU Remer, LA Kaufman, YJ Levin, Z Ghan, S AF Remer, LA Kaufman, YJ Levin, Z Ghan, S TI Model assessment of the ability of MODIS to measure top-of-atmosphere direct radiative forcing from smoke aerosols SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AIRBORNE SIMULATOR; SCAR-B; TRANSPORT; SULFATE; SURFACE AB The new generation of satellite sensors such as the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) will be able to detect and characterize global aerosols with an unprecedented accuracy. The question remains whether this accuracy will be sufficient to narrow the uncertainties in estimates of aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere. The discussion is narrowed to cloud-free direct forcing. Satellite remote sensing detects aerosol with the least amount of relative error when aerosol loading is high. Satellites are less effective when aerosol loading is low. The monthly mean results of two global aerosol transport models are used to simulate the spatial distribution of smoke aerosol in the Southern Hemisphere during the tropical biomass burning season. This spatial distribution allows us to determine that 87%-94% of the smoke aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere occurs in grid squares with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to be detectable from space. The uncertainty of quantifying the smoke aerosol forcing in the Southern Hemisphere depends on the uncertainty introduced by errors in estimating the background aerosol, errors resulting from uncertainties in surface properties, and errors resulting from uncertainties in assumptions of aerosol properties. These three errors combine to give overall uncertainties of 1.2 to 2.2 W m(-2) (16%-60%) in determining the Southern Hemisphere smoke aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere. Residual cloud contamination uncertainty is not included in these estimates. Strategies that use the satellite data to derive flux directly or use the data in conjunction with ground-based remote sensing and aerosol transport models can reduce these uncertainties. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Remer, LA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM remer@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 657 EP 667 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0657:MAOTAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300025 ER PT J AU Harshvardhan Schwartz, SE Benkovitz, CM Guo, G AF Harshvardhan Schwartz, SE Benkovitz, CM Guo, G TI Aerosol influence on cloud microphysics examined by satellite measurements and chemical transport modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID REFLECTED SOLAR-RADIATION; EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ALBEDO; SULFATE; ATLANTIC; ASTEX; PARAMETERIZATION AB Anthropogenic aerosols are hypothesized to decrease cloud drop radius and increase cloud droplet number concentration enhancing cloud optical depth and albedo. Here results have been used from a chemical transport model driven by the output of a numerical weather prediction model to identify an incursion of sulfate-laden air from the European continent over the mid-North Atlantic under the influence of a cutoff low pressure system during 2-8 April 1987. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) measurements of visible and near-infrared radiance are used to infer microphysical properties of low-altitude (T = 260-275 K) maritime clouds over the course of the event. Examination of the cloud optical depth, drop radius, and drop number concentration on the high- and low-sulfate days has allowed identification of the increase in cloud droplet number concentration and decrease in cloud drop radius associated with the sulfate incursion. These observations are consistent with the Twomey mechanism of indirect radiative forcing of climate by aerosols. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Harshvardhan (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 714 EP 725 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0714:AIOCME>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 514CD UT WOS:000173418300029 ER PT J AU Rao, LF Zhang, ZC Friese, JI Ritherdon, B Clark, SB Hess, NJ Rai, D AF Rao, LF Zhang, ZC Friese, JI Ritherdon, B Clark, SB Hess, NJ Rai, D TI Oligomerization of chromium(III) and its impact on the oxidation of chromium(III) by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROLYTIC POLYMERIZATION; HYDROXIDE; EXAFS; SCATTERING; MECHANISM; KINETICS; ION AB Monomeric, dimeric and trimeric chromium(III) species in solution were separated by ion exchange and characterized with UV/Vis absorption and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (EXAFS). The kinetics of the oxidation of the separated species by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solutions were studied by conventional and stopped-flow UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Results indicate that the intensity of Cr-Cr scattering in the EXAFS spectra (d(Cr-Cr) similar to2.99 Angstrom), a measure of the degree of oligomerization, increases as the solution alkalinity is increased. As the oligomerization proceeds, the rate of oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solutions decreases in the order: monomer > dimer > trimer > aged/unseparated alkaline chromium(III) solution where higher oligomers dominate. The dominant redox pathway has an inverse order with respect to C-NaOH. The data suggest that the rate-determining step involves the weakening of the bridging bonds in the oligomer and a concomitant release of one hydroxyl group from the chromium(III) moiety upon the attack by hydrogen peroxide. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zhang, Zhicheng/B-3887-2010; OI Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2002 IS 2 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1039/b104154c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 515BZ UT WOS:000173476700021 ER PT J AU Shafir, A Fiedler, D Arnold, J AF Shafir, A Fiedler, D Arnold, J TI Formation of 1 : 1 complexes of ferrocene-containing salen ligands with Mg, Ti and Zr SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; 1,1'-DIAMINOFERROCENE AB Condensation of 1,1'-diaminoferrocene with a range of salicylaldehydes resulted in the formation of the corresponding salen-type ligands in high yields. The ability of these compounds to serve as ligands was demonstrated by the formation of several 1 : 1 Zr and Ti complexes, one of which was structurally characterized and was found to feature a (t-Bu)Salfen(2-) ligand in a square-planar conformation. In addition, a related Schiff-base ligand was synthesized by condensing diaminoferrocene with 2,4-petanedione and a Zr complex of this ligand was isolated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Shafir, Alexandr/D-1676-2009; Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Shafir, Alexandr/0000-0002-8127-2299; Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2002 IS 4 BP 555 EP 560 DI 10.1039/b107066p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 521BL UT WOS:000173818700014 ER PT J AU Hope-Weeks, LJ Mays, MJ Woods, AD AF Hope-Weeks, LJ Mays, MJ Woods, AD TI Synthesis of thio and mixed donor atom macrocycles containing coordinated diyne units SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CROWN THIOETHER CHEMISTRY; METAL-COMPLEXES; ALKYNE COMPLEXES; OXATHIAETHERS; SILVER(I); COBALT AB The acid-catalysed reaction of the diyne complex [{Co-2 (CO)(6)}(2) (mu-eta(2):mu-eta(2)-HOCH2C2C2CH2OH)] with a range of dithiols leads in each case to the formation of at least two cyclic products, a monomeric product [{Co-2 (CO)(6)}(2) ( (mu-eta(2):mu-eta(2)-SCH2C2C=CCH2SR)] and a dimeric product [{Co-2 (CO)(6)}(2) (mu:eta(2):mu:eta(2) -SCH2C2C2CH2SR)](2), [R = (CH2)(n) (n = 3-6)]. This method may also be applied to dithiols that contain additional donor atoms such as S or O to give crown type macrocycles. The crystal structures of several of the above new complexes are reported. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mays, MJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2002 IS 8 BP 1812 EP 1819 DI 10.1039/b109341j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 547GY UT WOS:000175325700039 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Rao, LF Di Bernardo, P Zanonato, P Bismondo, A AF Jiang, J Rao, LF Di Bernardo, P Zanonato, P Bismondo, A TI Complexation of uranium(VI) with acetate at variable temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL MOLAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; HIGH-PRESSURES; THEORETICAL PREDICTION; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; STANDARD; ION; COORDINATION AB The complexation between uranium(VI) and acetate in 1.05 mol kg(-1) NaClO4 was studied at variable temperatures (25, 35, 45, 55 and 70 degreesC). The formation constants of three successive complexes, UO2 (OOCCH3)(+), UO2 (OOCCH3)(2) and UO2 (OOCCH3)(3)(-), and the molar enthalpies of complexation were determined by potentiometry and calorimetry. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (EXAFS) provided structural information to identify the coordination modes of the acetate in the complexes in solution, which helped to interpret the trends in the enthalpy and entropy of the complexation. The effect of temperature on the stability of the complexes is discussed in terms of the electrostatic model. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. CNR, Ist Chim & Tecnol Mat Avanzati, Padua, Italy. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 51 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2002 IS 8 BP 1832 EP 1838 DI 10.1039/b106642k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 547GY UT WOS:000175325700042 ER PT J AU Matonic, JH Neu, MP Enriquez, AE Paine, RT Scott, BL AF Matonic, JH Neu, MP Enriquez, AE Paine, RT Scott, BL TI Synthesis and crystal structure of a ten-coordinate plutonium(IV) ion complexed by 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine N,P-dioxide: [Pu(NO3)(3){2-[(C6H5)(2)P(O)CH2]C5H4NO}(2)]-[Pu(NO3)(6)](0.5) SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; NITRATE COMPLEXES; PU(IV); N,P,P'-TRIOXIDE; AMERICIUM(III); SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDES AB The bifunctional ligand 2-[(C6H5)(2)P(O)CH2]C5H4NO (2), in EtOH, combined in a 1:1 ratio with Pu(IV) in an aqueous nitric acid solution, produced an orange-brown coordination complex. The complex was characterized in MeOH solution by UV/vis/near-IR spectroscopy and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the solid state, the complex exists as a 2:1 coordination complex, [Pu(2)(2)(NO3)(3)(+)][Pu(NO3)(6)(2-)](0.5,) with the two ligands (2) bonded to the Pu(IV) ion in a bidentate fashion. Six oxygen atoms from three bidentate nitrate ions also occupy inner-sphere coordination positions. The complex cation charge is balanced by a hexanitratoplutonium(IV) dianion that resides on an inversion center between two monocationic [Pu(2)(2)(NO3)(3)(+)] units. The ten-vertex coordination polyhedron of the cation is distorted from square antiprismatic towards a sphenocorona. Optical absorbance spectra of the Pu(IV) in MeOH containing varying concentrations of nitrate and 2, show that multiple complexes form in solution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Neu, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Matonic, John/0000-0002-6059-1514 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2002 IS 11 BP 2328 EP 2332 DI 10.1039/b106624m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 556PL UT WOS:000175858100014 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J AF Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J TI Synthesis and characterization of a series of sterically-hindered amidines and their lithium and magnesium complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID TRIP = C6H2-2,4,6-I-PR-3; X-RAY STRUCTURES; NONHEME DIIRON ENZYMES; LOW-VALENT CHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; BENZAMIDINATE LIGANDS; BIS(AMIDINATE) COMPLEXES; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; ALKYL DERIVATIVES; BENZOATE LIGAND AB A series of sterically hindered amidinate ligands containing terphenyl substituents at the carbon atom of the amidinate backbone have been synthesized in high yields; their lithium derivatives were prepared, including the first two examples of monodentate lithium amidinates. Additionally, two independent routes to magnesium amidinates have been developed, yielding both mono- and bis-amidinate magnesium complexes. The presence of substituents at the 2', 6', 2", and 6" positions on the terphenyl moieties attached to the amidinate backbone induces a strong steric effect. In the free-base amidines, equilibria between E-syn and Z-syn isomers were dependent upon the size of these groups, while in the lithium amidinates, the steric bulk of these ligands led to the formation of the first monodentate lithium amidinates. Finally, in the magnesium amidinates, short C-N bond lengths and reduced N-C-N bond angles were observed within the amidinate backbone. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 62 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2002 IS 14 BP 2890 EP 2899 DI 10.1039/b202235b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 573GY UT WOS:000176822000021 ER PT J AU Cui, CM Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J AF Cui, CM Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J TI An unsolvated lithium trihydroaluminate and the correponding trialkynylaluminates supported by an anionic triazacyclononane ligand SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COMPLEXES; ALUMINUM; AMINES; LIALH4 AB Reaction of the anionic tacn ligand (( tacn) H = 1,4-diisopropyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) with LiAlH4 in THF afforded a dimeric, unsolvated lithium trihydroaluminate, which upon treatment with terminal acetylenes HCCR (R = Ph, SiMe3) yielded the corresponding monomeric trialkynylaluminates in which one acetylide ligand bridges the Li and Al atom at the C-alpha atom while the two terminal acetylide ligands are coordinated to the Al atom. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2002 IS 15 BP 2992 EP 2994 DI 10.1039/b202238a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 576AV UT WOS:000176981400010 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J AF Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J TI First-row transition metal complexes of sterically-hindered amidinates SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID LOW-VALENT CHEMISTRY; X-RAY STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; BENZAMIDINATE LIGANDS; COBALT(II) COMPLEXES; AMIDE DERIVATIVES; ALKYL DERIVATIVES; NICKEL-COMPLEXES AB Complexes of sterically-hindered amidinate ligands with first-row transition metals are described. The amidinate ligands feature bulky terphenyl substituents [2,6-(2,4,6-Me3Ph)(2)Ph or 2,6-(4-(BuPh)-Bu-t)(2)Ph] attached to the backbone carbon atoms, providing bowl-shaped ligand environments. When employing divalent transition metal halides, bis-amidinate metal complexes are formed exclusively, whereas the use of Ni(acac)(2) or CuCl allows access to mono-amidinate species. Additionally, the solid-state structure of one mono-amidinate [(L-But)Ni(acac)] and three bis-amidinate complexes [(LMe)(2)M; M = Mn, Co, Ni] are presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 75 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2002 IS 18 BP 3454 EP 3461 DI 10.1039/b202737m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 592HN UT WOS:000177931900009 ER PT J AU Xu, H Xu, XH Dabestani, R Brown, GM Fan, L Patton, S Ji, HF AF Xu, H Xu, XH Dabestani, R Brown, GM Fan, L Patton, S Ji, HF TI Supramolecular fluorescent probes for the detection of mixed alkali metal ions that mimic the function of integrated logic gates SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 2 LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER SENSORS; MOLECULAR WIRES; CROWN ETHERS; 1,3-ALTERNATE; PROTONS; CESIUM; SWITCH; CALIX<4>ARENES; RECOGNITION; MEMBRANES AB Two fluorescent probes 1 and 2 are developed that are capable of measuring two different metal ions under basic and acidic conditions, respectively. These probes contain a fluorophore, whose two forms are interconvertible in acidic and basic solutions and have the potential to measure the concentration of each metal ion in a mixture of caesium-potassium or sodium-potassium ions, respectively. Probe molecules 1 and 2 can also be portrayed as logic gates that function as a combination of one AND and one INHIBIT gate. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ji, HF (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM hji@chem.latech.edu NR 54 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-779X J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 2 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 2 PY 2002 IS 3 BP 636 EP 643 DI 10.1039/b107935m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 524UP UT WOS:000174031500041 ER PT J AU Striebel, KA Sakai, E Cairns, EJ AF Striebel, KA Sakai, E Cairns, EJ TI Impedance studies of the thin film LiMn2O4/electrolyte interface SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; SPINEL ELECTRODES; MANGANESE SPINELS; LITHIUM BATTERIES; CELLS AB Impedance measurements at thin-film LiMn2O4 electrodes in LiPF6-EC-DMC have been used to identify the spontaneous room temperature formation of LiMn2O4 at the interface at voltages of 3.7 and higher. The impedance of the LiMn2O4 films exhibited two time constants, at about 14 kHz and 60 to 200 Hz. The high frequency loop is dependent on film morphology and was attributed to the substrate/oxide interface. The low frequency behavior was dependent on both state-of-charge (SOC) and time at a given SOC. At full charge the impedance in this electrolyte was stable at room temperature over several days. At high lithium contents, film open-circuit voltage and impedance tended to grow logarithmically with time, with lower rates for lower Mn3+ content in the film. The increased impedance was removed by oxidation of the film to 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+. The observations are consistent with a reversible disproportionation of part of the LiMn2O4 into Li2Mn2O4 and a lithium-deficient spinel. With extended constant current cycling part of the Li2Mn2O4 degrades to the Mn2O3, and the process is no longer reversible. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Striebel, KA (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 21 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 149 IS 1 BP A61 EP A68 DI 10.1149/1.1427075 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 505WQ UT WOS:000172938900010 ER PT J AU Istratov, AA Weber, ER AF Istratov, AA Weber, ER TI Physics of copper in silicon SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID N DIFFUSION-BARRIERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; CZOCHRALSKI-GROWN SILICON; REACTIVELY SPUTTERED TIN; INDUCED STACKING-FAULTS; BORON-DOPED SILICON; P-TYPE SILICON; CU THIN-FILMS AB This article reviews the progress made in the studies of copper in silicon over the last several years and puts forward a comprehensive model of the behavior of copper in silicon. Technical aspects of this model are discussed in detail. It is shown that many important aspects of the behavior of copper in silicon are not shared with the other 3d transition metals. The positive charge state of interstitial copper makes its defect reactions Fermi-level-dependent, and results in a noticeable difference in the out-diffusion and precipitation behavior of copper in n-Si and p-Si. The extremely high diffusivity of copper in silicon, which is a consequence of the small ionic radius of copper and its relatively weak interaction with the silicon lattice, makes it highly mobile at room temperature and impacts the stability of copper complexes. Large lattice strains and electrostatic effects in p-Si make the formation of copper-silicide precipitates in the bulk energetically unfavorable, unless the chemical driving force for precipitation is high enough to overcome the nucleation and precipitation barrier. Literature data on the effect of copper on minority carrier lifetime and device yield are analyzed using our improved understanding of the physics of copper in silicon. Finally, the impact of the physics of copper in silicon on the development and characterization of copper diffusion barriers is discussed. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. EM istratov@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 208 TC 239 Z9 243 U1 9 U2 74 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 149 IS 1 BP G21 EP G30 DI 10.1149/1.1421348 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 505WQ UT WOS:000172938900042 ER PT J AU Gnanasekar, KI Rambabu, B Langry, KC AF Gnanasekar, KI Rambabu, B Langry, KC TI Role of grain boundaries in exceptionally H-2 sensitive highly oriented laser ablated thin films of SnO2 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAS SENSORS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GROWTH AB A comparative study on growth, electrical conductivity, and sensor characteristics of highly oriented (transparent) and randomly oriented thin films of SnO2 grown by pulsed laser (KrF; lambda = 248 nm) ablation technique have been carried out. Sensors made of randomly oriented polycrystalline films (deposited at 725 degreesC on alumina) exhibited a sensitivity of about 90% for 50 ppm of H-2 at sensor operating temperatures above 240 degreesC with a good response (similar to 30 s) and retracing times (180 s). Sensors made of a axis orientated films [deposited on LaAlO3(100) at 525 degreesC] exhibited an exceptionally high sensitivity of 30 to 40% even for 1 ppm of H-2 at 310 degreesC with a shorter response time of about 15 s. However, the retrace time was very long (about 20 min). Sensors made of predominantly (101) orientated films [grown at 525 degreesC on sapphire (1102)] exhibited an exceptional sensitivity of 90% even for 5 ppm H-2 at 300 degreesC also had remarkably short response times of a axis oriented films as well as the quick retracing times of polycrystalline films. Thin films, which exhibited exceptionally high sensitivity showed large changes in electrical conductivity and activation energy as function of oxygen partial pressure. Atomic force microscopy investigation reveals that the films are highly granular with average size of about 150-200 nm which is ten times larger than the critical size of 8 nm (2 x L-D, as L-D being 8 nm for SnO2). Analysis of results based on the model for carrier transport across the grain boundaries in polycrystalline semiconductors reveals that the surface barrier height of the grain boundaries is responsible for the large variation in activation energy and sensitivity. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 So Univ, Dept Phys, Surface Sci Spect & Solid State Ion Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Agr & Mech Coll, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Detect Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gnanasekar, KI (reprint author), So Univ, Dept Phys, Surface Sci Spect & Solid State Ion Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. RI Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 149 IS 1 BP H19 EP H27 DI 10.1149/1.1425799 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 505WQ UT WOS:000172938900057 ER PT J AU Yelton, WG Pfeifer, KB Staton, AW AF Yelton, WG Pfeifer, KB Staton, AW TI Porous Al2O3 nanogeometry sensor films - Growth and analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-AREA; ADSORPTION; OXIDE; BET AB Material studies of thin films of porous anodized Al2O3 have been undertaken to determine their applicability as sensing films for application on surface acoustic wave sensors. We describe the production of these films including their growth parameters and provide an analysis of their crystal morphology. These films were then exposed to various concentrations of analyte and their surface areas determined using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-type analysis. Finally, the surface area as a function of anodization potential is provided for the films. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yelton, WG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 149 IS 1 BP H1 EP H5 DI 10.1149/1.1421608 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 505WQ UT WOS:000172938900054 ER PT J AU Lofaj, F Wiederhorn, SM Long, GG Hockey, BJ Jemian, PR Browder, L Andreason, J Taffner, U AF Lofaj, F Wiederhorn, SM Long, GG Hockey, BJ Jemian, PR Browder, L Andreason, J Taffner, U TI Non-cavitation tensile creep in Lu-doped silicon nitride SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Applications CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Ceram & Vidrio, European Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Commiss Res DG, United Engn Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Ind Technol, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Junta Andalucia, Univ Sevilla DE silicon nitride; tensile creep; lutetium; cavity suppression; solution-precipitation ID O-N GLASSES; SOLUTION-PRECIPITATION CREEP; X-RAY-SCATTERING; LIQUID-PHASE; COMPRESSION CREEP; GAS-TURBINE; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS; ALLOYS; COMPONENTS AB The tensile creep behavior of a Lu-doped silicon nitride was studied in the temperature range 1400 1550 degreesC with test periods of up to 10200 h. Strain rates were 3-4 orders of magnitude less than those for Yb-doped grades of silicon nitride under the same conditions, suggesting a potential for prolonged operation of this material at temperatures up to 1470 degreesC. The stress exponent, n, and the activation energy, Q, for creep are 5.3 +/- 2.0 and (757 +/- 117) kJ/mol, respectively. Precise density and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that, in contrast to other grades of silicon nitride, cavitation could not be detected in the material studied. Redistribution of the secondary phases via solution-precipitation combined with grain boundary sliding is discussed as a possible creep mechanism. A discussion of the effect of Lu on viscosity indicates that replacement of Y by Lu may explain the improvement of creep behavior. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mat Res, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Illinois, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Knox Coll, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA. Illinois State Univ, Lincoln, IL 62656 USA. Max Planck Inst Metalkunde, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Lofaj, F (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mat Res, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 56 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 14-15 BP 2479 EP 2487 AR PII S0955-2219(02)00106-1 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00106-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 597ZZ UT WOS:000178251800006 ER PT J AU de Arellano-Lopez, AR Goretta, KC Park, ET Dorris, SE Balchandran, U Routbort, JL AF de Arellano-Lopez, AR Goretta, KC Park, ET Dorris, SE Balchandran, U Routbort, JL TI High-temperature deformation of a BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-y+Nicomposite SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Applications CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Ceram & Vidrio, European Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Commiss Res DG, United Engn Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Ind Technol, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Junta Andalucia, Univ Sevilla DE deformation; creep; membrane; perovskite; ceramic-metal composite; threshold stress ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; MIXED CONDUCTORS; DOPED BACEO3; CREEP; PROTON AB Steady-state compressive creep experiments have been performed on a 60 vol.% BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-y/40 vol.% Ni composite in the temperature range of 1100-1370 degreesC at stresses of 2-150 MPa. The addition of Ni to BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-y increases the creep rate compared to BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-y without Ni. The composite creep response is modeled on the basis of hard grains (BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-y) surrounded by the soft Ni phase. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sevilla, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, Seville, Spain. RP Routbort, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI R. de Arellano Lopez, Antonio/0000-0002-7443-0244 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 14-15 BP 2555 EP 2560 AR PII S0955-2219(02)00116-4 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00116-4 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 597ZZ UT WOS:000178251800016 ER PT J AU Wuchina, E Opeka, M Gutierrez-Mora, F Koritala, RE Goretta, KC Routbort, JL AF Wuchina, E Opeka, M Gutierrez-Mora, F Koritala, RE Goretta, KC Routbort, JL TI Processing and mechanical properties of materials in the Hf-N system SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Applications CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Ceram & Vidrio, European Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Commiss Res DG, United Engn Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Ind Technol, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Junta Andalucia, Univ Sevilla DE brittle-to-ductile transition (temperature); dislication-based plasticity; HF-N alloys; Hf-N solid solutions; solid-solution hardening; stress exponent; threshold stress ID DEFORMATION AB Samples of hexagonal alpha-Hf containing up to 30 at.% N in solid solution were made by a solid-state reaction. The brittle-to-ductile transition temperature increased as the %N increased. Steady-state compressive deformation has been measured from 20 to 1000 degreesC. The data for pure Hf could be fit using a threshold stress with a stress exponent of 5. The stress exponent of the Hf-N solid solution materials was between 5 and 8. The experiments could be interpreted on the basis of dislocation-controlled plasticity, with N acting as classical solid-solution hardening solutes. Transmission electron microscopy supported this interpretation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wuchina, E (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, 9500 MacArthur Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 14-15 BP 2571 EP 2576 AR PII S0955-2219(02)00118-8 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00118-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 597ZZ UT WOS:000178251800018 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Mora, F Dominguez-Rodriguez, A Jimenez-Melendo, M AF Gutierrez-Mora, F Dominguez-Rodriguez, A Jimenez-Melendo, M TI Plasticity of nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Applications CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Ceram & Vidrio, European Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Commiss Res DG, United Engn Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Ind Technol, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Junta Andalucia, Univ Sevilla DE plasticity; creep; grain boundary ID DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; SUPERPLASTIC FLOW; CREEP; CERAMICS; TEMPERATURES; STRESSES AB The high-temperature behavior of nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) with an initial grain size of 120 nm has been studied in uniaxial compression as a function of stress (5-200 MPa) and temperature (1150-1250 degreesC). The creep parameters, n=2 and Q-630 kJ/mol, were obtained for all experimental conditions. Evaluation of the strain rates showed that the material was more creep resistant than expected for very fine-grained materials. An interface-controlled mechanism is proposed to account for the experimental results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sevilla, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Seville 41080, Spain. RP Gutierrez-Mora, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015; OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163; Jimenez Melendo, Manuel/0000-0002-8423-5928; Dominguez-Rodriguez, Arturo/0000-0003-1598-5669 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 14-15 BP 2615 EP 2620 AR PII S0955-2219(02)00124-3 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00124-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 597ZZ UT WOS:000178251800024 ER PT J AU Andrews, MJ Ferber, MK Lara-Curzio, E AF Andrews, MJ Ferber, MK Lara-Curzio, E TI Mechanical properties of zirconia-based ceramics as functions of temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Applications CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Ceram & Vidrio, European Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Commiss Res DG, United Engn Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Ind Technol, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Junta Andalucia, Univ Sevilla DE fatigue; fracture; CeO2-ZrO2; MgO-ZrO2 AB Commercially available ceramics, MgO ZrO2, CeO2 ZrO2, and an in-house fabricated zirconia-toughened mullite were examined in this study for use as a structural component in diesel engines. The fast fracture strengths of these materials were measured by loading ASTM C-1161-B specimens in four-point flexure at 30 MPa/s and at 20, 200, 400, 600, and 850 C. The dynamic fatigue or slow crack growth susceptibility was assessed at 20 and 850 C by combining the fast fracture strengths with strength data obtained by testing the same specimens in four-point flexure at 0.30 and 0.003 MPa/s stressing rates, as specified in the ASTM C 1368 standard. Fracture toughness was measured following the ASTM C-1421 standard and using chevron notch specimens in three-point flexure at room and elevated temperatures. The strength of the zirconia-toughened mullite was invariant to increases in the temperature and decreases in the loading rate, while the MgO-ZrO2 and CeO2-ZrO2 materials exhibited strength degradation as temperatures increased and the loading rates decreased. Temperature was observed to have the greatest influence on facture toughness. As temperatures increased, the fracture toughness values dramatically decreased for all the materials examined in this study. Improvements in the fracture toughness are needed most for these ceramic materials in order to meet the structural requirements and to develop a more durable and reliable diesel engine component. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Caterpillar Inc, Adv Mat Technol, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Andrews, MJ (reprint author), Caterpillar Inc, Adv Mat Technol, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 14-15 BP 2633 EP 2639 AR PII S0955-2219(02)00127-9 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00127-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 597ZZ UT WOS:000178251800027 ER PT J AU Kimmel, J Miriyala, N Price, J More, K Tortorelli, P Eaton, H Linsey, G Sun, E AF Kimmel, J Miriyala, N Price, J More, K Tortorelli, P Eaton, H Linsey, G Sun, E TI Evaluation of CFCC liners with EBC after field testing in a gas turbine SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Applications CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Ceram & Vidrio, European Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Commiss Res DG, United Engn Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Ind Technol, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Junta Andalucia, Univ Sevilla DE composites; EBC; electron microscopy; engine components; SiC ID COMBUSTION AB Under the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a team led by Solar Turbines Incorporated has successfully designed engines, utilizing silicon carbide/silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite (CFCC) combustor liners. Their potential for low NOx and CO emissions was demonstrated in eight field-engine tests for a total duration of more than 35,000 h. In the first four field tests, the durability of the liners was limited primarily by the long-term stability of SiC in the high steam environment of the gas turbine combustor. Consequently, the need for an environmental barrier coating (EBC) to meet the 30,000-h life goal was recognized. An EBC developed under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration high speed civil transport, enabling propulsion materials program was improved and optimized under the CSGT program and applied on the SiC/SiC liners by United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) from the fifth field test onwards. The evaluation of the EBC on SiC/SiC liners after the fifth field test with 13,937-h at Texaco, Bakersfield, CA, USA is presented in this paper. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Solar Turbines Inc, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Kimmel, J (reprint author), Solar Turbines Inc, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. RI Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 7 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 14-15 BP 2769 EP 2775 AR PII S0955-2219(02)00142-5 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00142-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 597ZZ UT WOS:000178251800043 ER PT J AU Lin, HT Ferber, MK AF Lin, HT Ferber, MK TI Mechanical reliability evaluation of silicon nitride ceramic components after exposure in industrial gas turbines SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Structural Ceramics and Ceramic Composites for High Temperature Applications CY OCT 07-12, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Soc Espanola Ceram & Vidrio, European Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, European Commiss Res DG, United Engn Fdn, USA Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Ind Technol, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, Minist Ciencia & Technol, Junta Andalucia, Univ Sevilla DE ceramic components; gas turbines; mechanical reliability; Si3N4 ID SIO2 SCALE VOLATILITY; WATER-VAPOR; COMBUSTION CONDITIONS; RECESSION; OXIDATION; CARBIDE; MODEL AB Several studies have recently been undertaken to examine the mechanical reliability and thermal stability of silicon nitride ceramic components that are currently being considered for structural application in industrial gas turbines. Specifically, ceramic components evaluated included a bow-shaped silicon nitride nozzle evaluated in an engine test rig, silicon nitride vanes exposed in an engine field test, and an air-cooled silicon nitride vane that is currently under development. Despite the differences in field test conditions all of the exposed silicon nitride ceramic components exhibited a significant material recession arising from the oxidation of silicon nitride and subsequent volatilization of the oxide (i.e., silica). The fracture strength of exposed airfoils was also decreased due to the formation of a subsurface damage zone induced by the turbine environments. In addition, studies indicated that the properties of as-processed ceramic components, especially in airfoil regions, were not always comparable to those generated from the standard specimens with machined surface extracted from production billets. The component characterization efforts provided an important insight into the effect of gas turbine environments on the material recession and mechanical reliability of materials as functions of exposure time and conditions, which were very difficult to obtain from a laboratory scale test. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM linh@ornl.gov NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 14-15 BP 2789 EP 2797 AR PII S0955-2219(02)00146-2 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(02)00146-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 597ZZ UT WOS:000178251800045 ER PT J AU Banks, PS Feit, MD Perry, MD AF Banks, PS Feit, MD Perry, MD TI High-intensity third-harmonic generation SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MATCHED 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL COEFFICIENTS; BETA-BARIUM BORATE; 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; LASER-PULSES; 2ND-ORDER; PHASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ULTRAVIOLET; BETA-BAB2O4 AB The azimuthal dependence of third-order and cascaded second-order nonlinear coupling are used to measure the relative contributions of each to direct third-harmonic generation in beta-barium borate. This enabled the measurement of the values of chi(10)((3)),chi(11)((3)), and chi(16)((3)) relative to the known chi(ij)((2).) Finally, conversion efficiencies to 3omega of up to 6% from a single crystal were achieved with a femtosecond chirped-pulso-amplification laser with 200 GW/cm(2) in collimated beams. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Banks, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Program, POB 808,L-477, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 50 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 102 EP 118 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.000102 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 511GW UT WOS:000173257100014 ER PT J AU Ciric-Marjanovic, G Marjanovic, B Stamenkovic, V Vitnik, Z Antic, V Juranic, I AF Ciric-Marjanovic, G Marjanovic, B Stamenkovic, V Vitnik, Z Antic, V Juranic, I TI Structure and stereochemistry of electrochemically synthesized poly-(1-naphthylamine) from neutral acetonitrile solution SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE coupling routes; infrared spectroscopy; polymer structure; poly-(1-naphthylamine) films; stereochemistry ID FILM; PERFORMANCE; POLYMER AB Poly-(1-naphthylamine) films were synthesized potentiodinamically and potentiostatically from 1-naphthylamine in neutral acetonitrile medium using a platinum electrode. These polymer films were investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Contrary to earlier published results neglecting the stereochemistry of die poly-(1-naphthylamine), we predict on the basis of quantum stereochemical analysis of the possible structural subunits of the polymer, that the ordinary N-C(4) coupled product is riot predominant in the polymer because it is far removed from the expected planarity. Based on the results of IR investigations and semiempirical quantum chemical calculations, it is proposed that the polymer products are formed via mixed N-C(4). N-C(5) and N-C(7) coupling routes. The heats of formation of the oxidized 1-naphthylamine dimers and hexamers were calculated. C1 Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys Chem, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Centrohem, YU-22300 Stara Pazova, Yugoslavia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Ctr Chem, Inst Chem Technol & Met, YU-11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. RP Ciric-Marjanovic, G (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys Chem, Studentski Trg 16,POB 137, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. RI Ciric-Marjanovic, Gordana/F-2568-2013 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, PO BOX 462, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2002 VL 67 IS 12 BP 867 EP 877 DI 10.2298/JSC0212867C PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 631XE UT WOS:000180192500009 ER PT J AU Kwiatek, WM Drewniak, T Gajda, M Galka, M Hanson, AL Cichocki, T AF Kwiatek, WM Drewniak, T Gajda, M Galka, M Hanson, AL Cichocki, T TI Preliminary study on the distribution of selected elements in cancerous and non-cancerous kidney tissues SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trace elements; kidney; cancer; synchrotron; perfusion ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; TRACE-ELEMENTS; TUMORS AB In this study special interest was given to trace elements recognized as to be carcinogenic to humans. The kidney tissue sections were analyzed in order to determine the concentrations of elements present in the sample. The Synchrotron Radiation Induced X-ray Emission (SRIXE) technique was applied using a white photon microbeam. The results from cancerous parts of the kidney tissues were compared to non-cancerous parts and to the control group. In addition the iron concentration level was determined in the serum of those patients. Two-dimensional scans are presented to illustrate the differences between perfused and not-perfused tissues. According to this study there is no significant difference in the Mn concentration between cancerous and non-cancerous parts of the kidney, but the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ti, V, Cu, Se, and Zn are at a lower concentration Level in the cancerous parts than in the non-cancerous parts. A converse observation has been made for Fe. This may be associated with different metabolism and dynamics of the cancer process and both higher vascularization and need of higher blood supply in the cancerous tissue. The two-dimensional scanning of thin kidney sections showed differences in the trace element distributions depending on the analyzed samples: perfused and non-perfused. Perfusion removed blood mostly from the peritubular capillaries while in the glomerulus some capillaries had a relatively high Fe content. A low Fe concentration was observed in nephron tubules while a converse observation has been made for Cd. This may indicate that Cd is localized in the cells but not in the blood. C1 H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Dept Nucl Spect, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Collegium Medicum UJ, Urol Klin, Krakow, Poland. Collegium Medicum UJ, Katedra Histol, Krakow, Poland. Szpital Miejski G Narutowicza, Krakow, Poland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, DAT, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kwiatek, WM (reprint author), H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Dept Nucl Spect, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. OI Gajda, Mariusz/0000-0002-3788-7528 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0946-672X J9 J TRACE ELEM MED BIO JI J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0946-672X(02)80018-9 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 610LH UT WOS:000178961200005 PM 12437151 ER PT J AU Wang, LQ Ferris, KF Herman, GS AF Wang, LQ Ferris, KF Herman, GS TI Interactions of H2O with SrTiO3(100) surfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ENERGY LOSS; ATOMIC CONTROL; WATER; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; TIO2; DISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SRTIO3(001); ADSORBATES AB Interactions of H2O with SrTiO3(100) surfaces were investigated using temperature-programed desorption (TPD) spectroscopy. TPD spectra show that water desorbs below 300 K on stoichiometric TiO2-tcrminated SrTiO3(100) surfaces. TPD features at 200-300 K are attributed to the nondissociative adsorption of H2O on cation sites while the TPD feature at 160 K is assigned to the desorption of multilayer water. However, TPD spectra for H2O on reduced SrTiO3(100) surfaces exhibit additional desorption features at 300-500 K, resulting from the dissociative adsorption of water. Comparisons of TPD spectra for H2O on SrTiO3(100) with unreconstructed TiO2(110) and (100) surfaces reveal a structural influence on the water adsorption and desorption behavior. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LQ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 26 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1116/1.1430246 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 517YJ UT WOS:000173638000039 ER PT J AU Passian, A Wig, A Meriaudeau, F Ferrell, TL AF Passian, A Wig, A Meriaudeau, F Ferrell, TL TI Potential distribution and field intensity for a hyperboloidal probe in a uniform field SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY AB The scalar potential and electric field distributions in the gap region of a probe-substrate system are calculated. The probe, modeled as a dielectric medium with the geometry of a one sheeted hyperboloid of revolution, is located above a charged substrate surface which is modeled as a dielectric half space interfaced with a uniform surface charge density. The potential and field distributions are then calculated as functions of the dielectric constant of the medium filling the space between the tip and the surface, and as functions of the hyperboloidal shape parameter. Comparisons are made with the case of a dielectric spheroidal body. The analytical results attained can be used to study other related quantities such as energy density or Coulomb interaction in the neighborhood of the nanometer sized apex region without resorting to numerical methods. This investigation allows for tip shape related field variation in various dielectric media to be studied. Application of this approach to modeling probe tip-sample (probe tip-substrate) interaction in scanning probe microscopy, or to modeling dielectric breakdown processes, are examples of the potential use of the method. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Photometr Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Bourgogne, IUT Creusot, F-71200 Le Creusot, France. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Passian, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Photometr Grp, Div Life Sci, Bethal Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1116/1.1428268 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 523YQ UT WOS:000173985500014 ER PT J AU Gullikson, EM Cerjan, C Stearns, DG Mirkarimi, PB Sweeney, DW AF Gullikson, EM Cerjan, C Stearns, DG Mirkarimi, PB Sweeney, DW TI Practical approach for modeling extreme ultraviolet lithography mask defects SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Soc Amer AB An approximate method is proposed to calculate the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) scattering from a defect within a multilayer coating. In this single surface approximation (SSA) the defective multilayer structure is replaced by a single reflecting surface with the shape of the top surface of the multilayer. The range of validity of this approximation has been investigated for Gaussian line defects using two-dimensional finite-difference-time-domain simulations. The SSA is found to be valid for sufficiently low aspect ratio defects such as those expected for the critical defects nucleated by particles on the mask substrate. The critical EUVL defect size is calculated by combining the SSA with a multilayer growth model and aerial image simulations. Another approximate method for calculating the aerial image of an unresolved defect is also discussed. Although the critical substrate defects may be larger than the resolution of higher numerical aperture cameras, the point defect approximation provides a useful framework for understanding the printability of a wide range of defects. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OS Associates, Mt View, CA 94040 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gullikson, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 13 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1116/1.1428269 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 523YQ UT WOS:000173985500015 ER PT J AU Reijonen, J Ji, Q King, TJ Leung, KN Persaud, A Wilde, S AF Reijonen, J Ji, Q King, TJ Leung, KN Persaud, A Wilde, S TI Compact focusing system for ion and electron beams SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Soc Amer AB A compact ion and electron beam focusing column design has been developed in Plasma and Ion Source Technology Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The electrostatic ion beam-focusing column was simulated using 2D IGUN [R. Becker and W. B. Herrmansfeldt, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 2756 (1992)] ion extraction and beam transport code. A new method has been developed to include finite ion temperature to the IGUN simulation (Reijonen et al., Proceedings of the LINAC Conference, 2000). The focused ion beam system includes an ion temperature collimator, which eliminates the large angle beam trajectories resulting in a small beam spot size. The small holes in the column electrodes are laser drilled, and are aligned by an optical comparator. Simulations show that focused beam spot size as small as 147 nm is achievable for a 40 keV argon beam. The compact electron beam focusing system consists of three elements: the plasma cathode, an electron temperature collimator (similar to the ion beam temperature collimator), and the focusing electrode elements. The total length of the system is less than 10 mm. The column design is performed using EGUN (W. B. Herrmansfeldt, Slac Report No. 331, 1988), electron beam computation code, and IGUN. Space charge effects as well as the electron temperature are incorporated in the computation. The simulations show that focused beam spot size of 60 nm can be achieved. Both columns use similar type rf-induction plasma generator. P+, BF2+, and O-2(+) ion species production by such source is also demonstrated. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reijonen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1116/1.1431951 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 523YQ UT WOS:000173985500032 ER PT J AU Norton, DP Park, C Lee, YE Budai, JD AF Norton, DP Park, C Lee, YE Budai, JD TI Strontium silicide termination and silicate epitaxy on (001) Si SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GATE DIELECTRICS; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS; OXIDE; GROWTH; STABILITY; TRANSISTORS; DEPOSITION AB We have investigated the epitaxial growth of (Sr,Ba)-based oxides on SrSi2-terminated (001) Si using laser-molecular beam epitaxy. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) confirms the formation of a commensurate submonolayer of (Ba,Sr)Si-2 when strontium and barium ablation targets are used as the metal sources. Stability of the silicide RHEED peak intensity between laser ablation pulses indicates that the submonolayer SrSi2 coverage is relatively stable during formation despite the required high temperatures. While the subsequent growth of BaO via Ba metal ablation and O-2 flux on the SrSi2-terminated surface is favored at low temperatures, the formation of an epitaxial silicate is observed for oxide formation at temperatures above 550degreesC. X-ray diffraction confirms that the Ba2SiO4 film formed with elevated temperature oxidation is in-plane aligned. These results suggest that while epitaxial BaO can be realized on SrSi2-terminated Si, the interface may be susceptible to silicate formation upon thermal treatment. These results also demonstrate that laser-molecular beam epitaxy can be effective in achieving submonolayer surface coverage specifically for terminating silicon for oxide epitaxy. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 100 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Yoon, Sejin/F-7637-2013; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1116/1.1434968 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 523YQ UT WOS:000173985500046 ER PT J AU Tomkins, C Prestridge, K Rightley, P Vorobieff, P Benjamin, R AF Tomkins, C Prestridge, K Rightley, P Vorobieff, P Benjamin, R TI Flow morphologies of two shock-accelerated unstable gas cylinders SO JOURNAL OF VISUALIZATION LA English DT Article DE visualization; Richtmyer-Meshkov instability; shock wave; vortex dynamics ID CURTAIN AB Our highly reproducible shock-tube experiments examine the interaction of two unstable, compressible gas cylinders accelerated by a planar shock wave. Flow visualization shows that the evolution of the double-cylinder flow morphologies is dominated by two counter-rotating vortex pairs, the strength and behavior of which are observed to be highly sensitive to the initial cylinder separation. Simulations of the flow based on idealized vortex dynamics predict grossly different morphologies than those observed experimentally, suggesting that interactions at early time weaken the inner vortices. A correlation-based ensemble averaging procedure permits decomposition of the concentration field into mean and fluctuating components, providing evidence that energy is transferred from the intermediate to the small scales at late time. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Tomkins, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Vorobieff, Peter/B-3376-2011; Prestridge, Kathy/C-1137-2012 OI Prestridge, Kathy/0000-0003-2425-5086 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1343-8875 J9 J VISUAL-JAPAN JI J. Vis. PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 273 EP 283 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 593KE UT WOS:000177989800014 ER PT J AU Rotstein, DS Schoeb, TR Davis, LM Glenn, TC Arnold, BS Gross, TS AF Rotstein, DS Schoeb, TR Davis, LM Glenn, TC Arnold, BS Gross, TS TI Detection by microsatellite analysis of early embryonic mortality in an alligator population in Florida SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE American alligator; Alligator mississippiensis; blastodisk; DNA; fertilization; genetics ID DNA AB In the 1980s, alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) of Lake Apopka (Florida USA) underwent a population decline associated with decreased egg viability, effects that have been associated with endocrine-disrupting, persistent organochlorine pesticides. It is currently unknown whether the decreased egg viability is due to fertilization failure or early embryonic death. Therefore, we conducted a preliminary study to evaluate file use of microsatellite DNA loci to determine the fertilization status of nonviable eggs. Using microsatellite analysis, we compared genotypes from blasto-disks and embryos with the genotypes from females trapped at the nest. Four of five nonviable egg samples tested yielded evidence of fertilization. No evidence of unfertilized eggs was obtained, but amplifiable DNA could not be obtained from one entirely nonviable clutch. Thus, we demonstrate that early embryonic mortality in alligators can be detected by microsatellite analysis, but also suggest substantial effort is needed to improve the recovery of DNA and amplification of alligator microsatellite loci. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Div Comparat Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Gross, TS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES07375] NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518VT UT WOS:000173689100020 PM 11838207 ER PT S AU Biedron, SG Bartolini, R Ciocci, F Dattoli, G Fawley, WM Felici, G Freund, HP Nuhn, HD Ottaviani, PL Renieri, A AF Biedron, SG Bartolini, R Ciocci, F Dattoli, G Fawley, WM Felici, G Freund, HP Nuhn, HD Ottaviani, PL Renieri, A BE Basu, S Riker, JF TI Exotic harmonic generation schemes in high-gain, free-electron lasers SO LASER AND BEAM CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Beam Control Technologies CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE free-electron laser; FEL; self-amplified spontaneous emission; SASE; nonlinear harmonics; after-burners; SASE; harmonic generation; frequency conversion; two-undulator harmonic generation scheme; TUHGS; intense particle beams; and radiation sources ID DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS; FEL; SIMULATION; SATURATION; WIGGLERS AB The mechanism of nonlinear harmonic generation in the exponential gain regime, which is driven by bunching at the fundamental wavelength, may provide a path toward both enhancing and extending the usefulness of an x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) facility. Related "exotic" generation schemes, which exploit properties of harmonic production in various undulator topologies, have been discussed both in the past and more recently. Using three different numerical simulation codes, we explore the possible utility of such schemes (e.g., harmonic "afterburners" and biharmonic undulators) at future light source facilities. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Biedron, SG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI bartolini, riccardo/B-1021-2012 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4371-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4632 BP 50 EP 65 DI 10.1117/12.469761 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU92W UT WOS:000177420800006 ER PT S AU Benson, S Neil, G Shinn, M AF Benson, S Neil, G Shinn, M BE Basu, S Riker, JF TI Lasing with a near-confocal cavity in a high power FEL SO LASER AND BEAM CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Beam Control Technologies CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE accelerator; FEL; infrared; laser; superconducting; resonators ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; RESONATOR AB Lasing at high power in FELs has been achieved so far only with a near-concentric resonator [1]. Though this design can scale up to quite high power, it is ultimately limited by the mirror steering stability as the resonator design approaches concentricity. This constraint may be avoided by using a near-confocal resonator operated in a ring configuration. It is found that, if a small amount of gain focusing is present, the near-confocal resonator eigenmodes are modified such that the lowest order mode collapses around the electron beam and is large in the return (non-focusing) direction. This eigenmode is stable and is relatively insensitive to changes in the mirror radii of curvature and the strength of the electron beam focusing. This paper will present the theory of this new concept. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Benson, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4371-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4632 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.469762 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU92W UT WOS:000177420800011 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Bitton, G Cheinet, P Garrett, WR Liu, HK Braiman, Y AF Liu, Y Bitton, G Cheinet, P Garrett, WR Liu, HK Braiman, Y BE Basu, S Riker, JF TI Enhancement of coherence and intensity in a broad-area semiconductor laser array with injection locking SO LASER AND BEAM CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Beam Control Technologies CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE laser diode array; broad-area laser; injection locking; phase locking; coherence; synchronization ID DIODE-LASER; EXTERNAL-CAVITY; BEAM; OPERATION AB This paper describes a method of enhancing coherence and intensity of a broad-area laser array. An experimental scheme has been proposed to injection lock a single or multiple broad-area high-power lasers in a commercially available 19-laser array driven by a common current source. We experimentally demonstrate both the injection locking of each individual broad-area laser and the simultaneous injection of two broad-area lasers in a 19-laser array using a single-mode laser as the source of injection. The method and required conditions for the simultaneous locking of all 19 lasers have been discovered from the experimental results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4371-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4632 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.469753 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU92W UT WOS:000177420800015 ER PT S AU Brachmann, A Alley, R Browne, MJ Cates, GD Clendenin, J deLamare, J Frisch, J Galetto, T Hughes, EW Humenskey, TB Kumar, KS Mastromarino, P Sodja, J Turner, J Witte, K Woods, M AF Brachmann, A Alley, R Browne, MJ Cates, GD Clendenin, J deLamare, J Frisch, J Galetto, T Hughes, EW Humenskey, TB Kumar, KS Mastromarino, P Sodja, J Turner, J Witte, K Woods, M BE Basu, S Riker, JF TI SLAC's polarized electron source laser system for the E-158 parity violation experiment SO LASER AND BEAM CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Beam Control Technologies CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE parity violation; polarized electrons; Ti : sapphire laser AB SLAC E158 is an experiment to make the first measurement of parity violation in Moller scattering. The left-right cross-section asymmetry in the elastic scattering of a 45-GeV polarized electron beam off unpolarized electrons in a liquid hydrogen target will be measured to an accuracy of better than 10(-8), with the expected Standard Model asymmetry being approximately 10(-7). An intense circularly polarized laser beam for the polarized electron source is required with the ability to quickly switch between left and right polarization states with minimal left-right asymmetries in the parameters of the electron beam. This laser beam is produced by a unique SLAC-designed, flash-lamp pumped, Ti:Sapphire laser. We present this laser system design and initial results from recent commissioning runs. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Brachmann, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4371-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4632 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1117/12.469769 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU92W UT WOS:000177420800023 ER PT S AU Wall, M Plitzko, J Fluss, MJ AF Wall, M Plitzko, J Fluss, MJ BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Initiation identification in fused silica 35-nm optics SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE fused-silica; transmission electron-microscopy; cracks; particles AB Thermo-mechanical surface damage initiation and growth in fused-silica 3omega (355nm) optics are important performance and cost issues for high-power lasers (fluences of 4-14 J/cm(2)) in the few ns pulse length regime. We are working to characterize and identify the extrinsic origins of damage initiation; impurities, particulates, and manufacturing defects. We have performed a materials characterization survey approach using transmission electron microscopy to identify the chemistry and morphology of particles, and structural defects. TEM offers high chemical or elemental specificity and small analytical spot size yielding complementary materials characterization data and powerful clues to manufacturing improvements. We will report on our characterization of the near surface of one commercially manufactures fused silica optic, where the results indicate both the efficacy and potential value of this approach. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wall, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-592, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Plitzko, Juergen/H-9576-2014 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.461724 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200002 ER PT S AU Hrubesh, LW Norton, MA Molander, WA Donohue, EE Maricle, SM Penetrante, BM Brusasco, RM Grundler, W Butler, JA Carr, JW Hill, RM Summers, LJ Feit, MD Rubenchik, A Key, MH Wegner, PJ Burnham, AK Hackel, LA Kozlowski, MR AF Hrubesh, LW Norton, MA Molander, WA Donohue, EE Maricle, SM Penetrante, BM Brusasco, RM Grundler, W Butler, JA Carr, JW Hill, RM Summers, LJ Feit, MD Rubenchik, A Key, MH Wegner, PJ Burnham, AK Hackel, LA Kozlowski, MR BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Methods for mitigating surface damage growth on NIF final optics SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage; chemical etching; damage growth mitigation; plasma etching; C-02 laser processing AB We report a summary of the surface damage, growth mitigation effort at 3omega for fused silica optics at LLNL. The objective was to experimentally validate selected methods that could be applied to pre-initiated or retrieved-from-service optics, to stop further damage growth. A specific goal was to obtain sufficient data and information on successful methods for fused silica optics to select a single approach for processing NIF optics. This paper includes the test results and the evaluation thereof, for several mitigation methods for fused silica. The mitigation methods tested in this study are wet chemical etching, cold plasma etching, CO2 laser processing, and micro-flame torch processing. We found that CO2 laser processing produces the most significant and consistent results to halt laser-induced surface damage growth on fused silica. We recorded successful mitigation of the growth of laser-induced surface damage sites as large as 0.5mm. diameter, for 1000 shots at fluences in the range of 8 to 13 J/cm(2). We obtained sufficient data for elimination of damage growth using CO2 laser processing on subaperture representative optics, to proceed with application to full-scale NIF optics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hrubesh, LW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 8 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.461723 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200003 ER PT S AU Brusasco, RM Penetrante, BM Butler, JA Maricle, SM Peterson, JE AF Brusasco, RM Penetrante, BM Butler, JA Maricle, SM Peterson, JE BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI CO2-laser polishing for reduction of 351-nm surface damage initiation in fused silica SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE CO2 laser polishing; raster scanning; surface damage; fused silica ID LASER AB We have applied a carbon dioxide (CO2) raster scanning laser polishing technique on two types of fused silica flat optics to determine the efficacy of CO2-laser polishing as a method to increase the 351-nm laser damage resistance of optic surfaces. R-on-1 damage test results show that the fluence for any given 355-nm damage probability is 1015 J/cm(2) higher (at 3 ns pulse length, scaled) for the CO2-laser polished samples. Poor quality and good quality surfaces respond to the treatment such that their surface damage resistance is brought to approximately the same level. Surface stress and the resultant effect on wavefront quality remain key technology issues that would need to be addressed for a robust deployment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brusasco, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-228, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.461720 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200004 ER PT S AU Brusasco, RM Penetrante, BM Butler, JA Hrubesh, LW AF Brusasco, RM Penetrante, BM Butler, JA Hrubesh, LW BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Localized CO2 laser treatment for mitigation of 351 nm damage growth on fused silica SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage; laser damage mitigation; CO2 laser mitigation; fused silica AB A technique for inhibiting the growth of laser-induced surface damage on fused silica, initiated and propagated at the 351 nm laser wavelength, has been investigated. The technique exposes the damage sites to single pulses of a CO2 laser operating at the 10.6 mum wavelength at or near beam focus. This method results in a very localized treatment of the laser damage site and modifies the site such that laser damage does not propagate further. A laser damage site initiated with a single pulse of 355 run laser light at approximate to45 J cm(-2) and 7.5 ns pulse duration grows rapidly upon further illumination at 8 J cm(-2) with 100% probability. Treatment of these sites with single pulses of 10.6 mum laser light for one second at a power level of between 17 and 37 Watts with a beam diameter of 5 mm alters the damage site such that it does not grow with subsequent 351 nm laser illumination at 8 J cm(-2) 10 ns pulse duration for > 1000 shots. The technique has been found to be 100% effective at stopping,the growth of the laser damage. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brusasco, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-228, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.461711 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200005 ER PT S AU Brusasco, RM Penetrante, BM Peterson, JE Maricle, SM Menapace, JA AF Brusasco, RM Penetrante, BM Peterson, JE Maricle, SM Menapace, JA BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI UV laser conditioning for reduction of 351-nm damage initiation in fused silica SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE UV laser surface damage; laser conditioning; damage initiation; fused silica ID KDP; OPTICS AB This paper describes the effect of 355-nm laser conditioning on the concentration of UV-laser-induced surface damage sites on large-aperture fused silica optics. We will show the effect of various 355-nm laser conditioning methodologies on the reduction of surface-damage initiation in fused silica samples that have varying qualities of polishing. With the best, generally available fused silica optic, we have demonstrated that 355-nrn laser conditioning can achieve up to 10x reduction in surface damage initiation concentration in the fluence range of 10-14 J/cm(2) (355-nm @ 3 ns). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brusasco, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-228, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1117/12.461718 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200006 ER PT S AU Menapace, JA Penetrante, B Golini, D Slomba, A Miller, PE Parham, T Nichols, M Peterson, J AF Menapace, JA Penetrante, B Golini, D Slomba, A Miller, PE Parham, T Nichols, M Peterson, J BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Cambined advanced finishing and UV-Laser conditioning for producing UV-damage-resistant fused silica optics SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE magnetic fluid; polishing abrasives; magnetorheological finishing; subsurface damage; etching; UV laser conditioning; damage threshold; surface modification; polishing layer ID MRF AB Laser induced damage initiation on fused silica optics can limit the lifetime of the components when used in high power UV laser environments. Foe example in inertial confinement fusion research applications, the optics can be exposed to temporal laser pulses of about 3-nsec with average fluences of 8 J/cm(2) and peak fluences between 12 and 15 J/cm(2). During the past year, we have focused on optimizing the damage performance at a wavelength of 355-nm (3omega), 3-nsec pulse length, for optics in this category by examining a variety of finishing technologies with a challenge to improve the laser damage initiation density by at least two orders of magnitude. In this paper, we describe recent advances in improving the 3omega damage initiation performance of laboratory-scale zirconium oxide and cerium oxide conventionally finished fused silica optics via application of processes incorporating magnetorheological finishing (MRF), wet chemical etching, and UV laser conditioning. Details of the advanced finishing procedures are described and comparisons are made between the procedures based upon large area 3omega damage performance, polishing layer contamination, and optical subsurface damage. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Menapace, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 56 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.461725 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200007 ER PT S AU Rubenchik, AM Feit, MD AF Rubenchik, AM Feit, MD BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Initiation, growth and mitigation of UV laser induced damage in fused silica SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage; initiators; crater formation; mitigation ID BREAKDOWN; SURFACES; DIOXIDE; CRACKS; SIO2 AB Laser damage of large fused silica optics initiates at imperfections. Possible initiation mechanisms are considered. We demonstrate that a model based on nanoparticle explosions is consistent with the observed initiation craters. Possible mechanisms for growth upon subsequent laser irradiation, including material modification and laser intensification, are discussed. Large aperture experiments indicate an exponential increase in damage size with number of laser shots. Physical processes associated with this growth and a qualitative explanation of self-accelerated growth is presented. Rapid growth necessitates damage growth mitigation techniques. Several possible mitigation techniques are mentioned, with special emphasis on CO2 processing. Analysis of material evaporation, crack healing, and thermally induced stress are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rubenchik, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 36 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 79 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.461680 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200010 ER PT S AU Hamza, AV Siekhaus, WJ Rubenchik, AM Feit, M Chase, LL Savina, M Pellin, MJ Hutcheon, ID Nostrand, MC Runkel, M Choi, BW Staggs, M Fluss, MJ AF Hamza, AV Siekhaus, WJ Rubenchik, AM Feit, M Chase, LL Savina, M Pellin, MJ Hutcheon, ID Nostrand, MC Runkel, M Choi, BW Staggs, M Fluss, MJ BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Engineered defects for investigation of laser-induced damage of fused silica at 355nm SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE nanoparticles; controlled indentations; controlled scratches; laser-induced damage at 355 nm ID SURFACES; 355-NM; CRACKS AB Embedded gold and mechanical deformation in silica were used to investigate initiation of laser-induced damage at 355-nm (7.6 ns). The nanoparticle-covered surfaces were coated with between 0 and 500 nm Of SiO2 by e-beam deposition. The threshold for observable damage and initiation site morphology for these "engineered" surfaces was determined. The gold nanoparticle coated surfaces with 500nm SiO2 coating exhibited pinpoint damage threshold of <0.7 J/cm(2) determined by light scattering and Nomarski microscopy. The gold nanoparticle coated surfaces with the 100nm SiO2 coatings exhibited what nominally appeared to be film exfoliation damage threshold of 19 J/cm(2) via light scattering and Nomarski microscopy. With atomic force microscopy pinholes could be detected at fluences greater than 7 J/cm(2) and blisters at fluences greater than 3 J/cm(2) on the 100 rim-coated surfaces. A series of mechanical indents and scratches were made in the fused silica substrates using a nano-indentor. Plastic deformation without cracking led to damage thresholds of similar to25 J/cm(2), whereas indents and scratches with cracking led to damage thresholds of only similar to5 J/cm(2). Particularly illuminating was the deterministic damage of scratches at the deepest end of the scratch, as if the scratch acted as a waveguide. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hamza, AV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.461716 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200011 ER PT S AU Kubota, A Caturla, MJ Davila, L Stolken, J Sadigh, B Quong, A Rubenchik, A Feit, MD AF Kubota, A Caturla, MJ Davila, L Stolken, J Sadigh, B Quong, A Rubenchik, A Feit, MD BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Structural modifications in fused silica due to laser damage induced shock compression SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser-materials interactions; fused silica; shock compression; densification; phase transformation; molecular dynamics simulations; laser damage ID SIO2 AB High power laser pulses can produce damage in high quality fused silica optics that can lead to its eventual obscuration and failure. Current models suggest the initiation of a plasma detonation due to absorbing initiators and defects, leading to the formation of shock waves. Recent experiments have found a densified layer at the bottom of damage sites, as evidence of the laser-damage model. We have studied the propagation of shock waves through fused silica using molecular dynamics. These simulations show drastic modifications in the structure and topology of the networks in agreement with experimental observations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kubota, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-370, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.461717 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200012 ER PT S AU Burnham, AK Hackel, L Wegner, P Parham, T Hrubesh, L Penetrante, B Whitman, P Demos, S Menapace, J Runkel, M Fluss, M Feit, M Key, M Biesiada, T AF Burnham, AK Hackel, L Wegner, P Parham, T Hrubesh, L Penetrante, B Whitman, P Demos, S Menapace, J Runkel, M Fluss, M Feit, M Key, M Biesiada, T BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Improving 351-nm damage performance of large-aperture fused silica and DKDP optics SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE fused silica; DKDP; laser damage; laser damage mitigation; laser damage growth ID LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE; SURFACE DAMAGE; SCIENCES LASER; SIO2 SURFACES; RAPID-GROWTH; 355 NM; KDP; CRYSTALS; VACUUM AB A program to identify and eliminate the causes of UV laser-induced damage and growth in fused silica and DKDP has developed methods to extend optics lifetimes for large-aperture, high-peak-power, UV lasers such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Issues included polish-related surface damage initiation and growth on fused silica and DKDP, bulk inclusions in fused silica, pinpoint bulk damage in DKDP, and UV-induced surface degradation in fused silica and DKDP in a vacuum. Approaches included an understanding of the mechanism of the damage, incremental improvements to existing fabrication technology, and feasibility studies of non-traditional fabrication technologies. Status and success of these various approaches are reviewed. Improvements were made in reducing surface damage initiation and eliminating growth for fused silica by improved polishing and post-processing steps, and improved analytical techniques are providing insights into mechanisms of DKDP damage. The NIF final optics hardware has been designed to enable easy retrieval, surface-damage mitigation, and recycling of optics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Burnham, AK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-592, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1117/12.461712 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200020 ER PT S AU Ferris, KF Windisch, CF Marmolejo, TL Exarhos, GJ AF Ferris, KF Windisch, CF Marmolejo, TL Exarhos, GJ BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Evaluation of materials selection criteria for composite optical limiters SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE optical limiting; refractive index; electronic structure; nonlinear optics ID POLARIZABILITY; MODEL AB Methods for predicting the refractive indices of materials are evaluated with respect to the design criteria for composite optical limiters. The efficiency of a non-linear Christiansen optical limiter is dependent upon refractive index of the individual phases of the composite device and their comparative response characteristics. The overall performance of the structure-property relationships for the linear refractive indices is generally excellent within the training sets; however, the accuracy of an individual case sample is challenged by the low energy case requirements. Outside the general class of materials for which these methods were designed, significant degradation occurs as a result in incomplete parameterizations or compounding errors of imprecise predictions. Accurate predictions of linear and nonlinear refractive indices by TDHF methods are more problematic, yet these techniques demonstrate sensitivity to chemical bonding environments. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ferris, KF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1117/12.461697 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200025 ER PT S AU Whitman, P Norton, M Nostrand, M Molander, W Nelson, A Engelhard, M Gaspar, D Baer, D Siekhaus, W Auerbach, J Demos, S Staggs, M Burnham, A AF Whitman, P Norton, M Nostrand, M Molander, W Nelson, A Engelhard, M Gaspar, D Baer, D Siekhaus, W Auerbach, J Demos, S Staggs, M Burnham, A BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Performance of bare and sol-gel coated DKDP crystal surfaces exposed to multiple 351-nm laser pulses in vacuum and air SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE KDP; potassium dihydrogen phosphate; photoemission; fluorescence; photoluminescence; vacuum; surface roughening; laser damage ID OPTICAL-MATERIALS; DAMAGE; ABSORPTION; GROWTH; SILICA AB We have investigated the surface degradation of bare and sol-gel coated deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals when exposed to 351-nm laser pulses in atmospheric air and nitrogen and at pressures ranging from atmospheric down to 10(-5) Torr vacuum. Optical microscopy, surface topography, surface chemical analyses, 351-nm pumped photoemission maps, and photometry results have been used to characterize these samples. We report the occurrence of two potentially linked surface degradation phenomena: the development of increased photoemission and the development of unacceptable surface roughening in the region exposed to the beam in vacuum. We note no degradation for surfaces exposed in air or nitrogen at pressures exceeding I torr. Diamond-tamed DKDP surfaces show a ubiquitous, low-intensity photoemission signature before exposure to any laser fluence. The observed reduction of this emission signal as a function of operating pressure and accumulated laser energy when crystals are exposed to 35 1-nm laser pulses in air can be correlated with the removal of surface carbon. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Whitman, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-487, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1117/12.461721 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200029 ER PT S AU Demos, SG Nostrand, MC Staggs, M Carr, CW Hahn, D Kozlowski, MR Sheehan, L Battersby, C Burnham, A AF Demos, SG Nostrand, MC Staggs, M Carr, CW Hahn, D Kozlowski, MR Sheehan, L Battersby, C Burnham, A BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Investigation of fluorescence microscopy as a tool for noninvasive detection and imaging of damage precursors at 351-nm SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE KDP; DKDP; SiO2; laser-induced damage ID FUSED-SILICA SURFACES; LASER-DAMAGE; CONTAMINATION AB This work is an experimental investigation to evaluate the potential of fluorescence microscopy as a tool to detect surface contamination as well as reveal surface damage precursors on DKDP and SIO2 optics. To achieve these technical objectives, microscopic imaging systems were built that also incorporated in-situ damage testing capabilities. Fluorescence imaging experiments were performed using 351-nm laser excitation while damage testing was performed at relatively high laser fluences. The experimental results demonstrated the potential of this technique to address the aforementioned technical issues. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Demos, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-411, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1117/12.461715 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200039 ER PT S AU Carr, CW Radousky, HB Staggs, M Rubenchik, AM Feit, MD Demos, SG AF Carr, CW Radousky, HB Staggs, M Rubenchik, AM Feit, MD Demos, SG BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Time-resolved spectroscopic investigation of emission observed during damage in the bulk of fused silica and DKDP crystals SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE fused silica; DKDP crystals; spectroscopic investigation ID FLUORIDE-PHOSPHATE GLASSES; RADIATION-INDUCED DEFECTS AB We have investigated the flash of light that accompanies laser damage using time-resolved spectroscopy. Damage events were initiated in the bulk of both fused silica and DKDP crystals with 355-nm 3-ns pulsed radiation. Spectra from the accompanying flash were recorded in the 200 - 500 ran wavelength range with 5-ns temporal resolution, Ten ns following damage initiation, the spectra were found to be roughly blackbody with temperatures on the order of 5000 K to 7000 K, depending on the material studied and excitation energy used, The observed temperatures and cooling rates can be related to the size and electron density of the plasma "fireball" that initiates the damage event. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Carr, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 360 EP 367 DI 10.1117/12.461714 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200040 ER PT S AU Runkel, M Neeb, K Staggs, M Auerbach, J Burnham, A AF Runkel, M Neeb, K Staggs, M Auerbach, J Burnham, A BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI The results of raster-scan laser conditioning studies on DKDP triplers using Nd : YAG and excimer lasers SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE KDP; DKDP; laser damage; laser conditioning; excimer lasers; induced absorption ID OPTICAL SCIENCES LASER; RAPID-GROWTH KDP; DAMAGE PERFORMANCE; 355 NM; DISTRIBUTIONS; CRYSTALS AB In this paper we present the results of damage tests performed at 1064 and 355-nm at 8-10 ns on conventional and rapid growth DKDP tripler crystals. The crystals were laser conditioned prior to damage testing by raster scanning using either Nd:YAG (1064 and 355 nm, 8-10ns) or excimer lasers at 248, 308 or 351 nm with pulse durations of approximately 30-47 ns. The results show that it is possible to attain increases in 355-nm damage probability fluences of 2X for excimer conditioning at 248 and 308 run. However these wavelengths can induce absorption sufficient to induce bulk fracture by thermal shock when impurities such as arsenic, rubidium and sulfur are present in the crystals in sufficient quantity. Tests to evaluate the efficiency of 351-nm conditioning (XeF excimer) show improvements of 2X and that thermal fracture by induced absorption is not a problem. We also discuss our recent discovery that low fluence raster scanning at UV wavelengths leads to 1064-nm damage thresholds of over 100 J/cm(2) (10-ns pulses). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Runkel, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-250, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 368 EP 383 DI 10.1117/12.461713 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200041 ER PT S AU Whitman, PK Staggs, M Carr, CW Dixit, S Sell, W Milam, D AF Whitman, PK Staggs, M Carr, CW Dixit, S Sell, W Milam, D BE Exarhos, G Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Performance of thin borosilicate glass sheets at 351-nm SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2001 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 01-02, 2001 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, QinetiQ, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Off Res & Sch Opt, Cierra Photon Inc, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE borosilicate glass; non-linear absorption; ultra-violet light ID SILICATE-GLASSES; RADIATION AB Commercial thin borosilicate glass sheets have been evaluated for use as a single-shot optic "debris shield" to separate the radiation and contamination produced by the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiment from the expensive precision laser optics which focus and shape the 351-nm laser beam which irradiates the target. The goal of this work is identification of low cost materials that can deliver acceptable beam energy and focal spots to the target. The two parameters that dominate the transmitted beam quality are the transmitted wave front error and bulk absorption. This paper focuses on the latter. To date, the materials with the lowest linear 3 5 1-nm absorption have also generally demonstrated the lowest non-linear absorption. Commercial materials have been identified which approach the beam energy and focus requirements for many ICF missions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Whitman, PK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-487, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Whitman, Pamela/B-2336-2013; Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4418-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4679 BP 384 EP 391 DI 10.1117/12.461722 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU66B UT WOS:000176632200042 ER PT S AU Stolz, CJ Menapace, JA Genin, FY Ehrmann, PR Miller, PE Rogowski, GT AF Stolz, CJ Menapace, JA Genin, FY Ehrmann, PR Miller, PE Rogowski, GT BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Influence of BK7 substrate solarization on the performance of hafnia and silica multilayer mirrors SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE solarization; color center; BK7 glass; mirrors; hafnia/silica multilayers; gamma irradiation; bleaching kinetics ID LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE; POLARIZER COATINGS; GLASS AB Transport mirrors-within the National Ignition Facility, a 192-beam 4-MJ fusion laser at 1053 nm, will be exposed to backscattered light from plasmas created from fusion targets and backlighters. This backscattered light-covers the UV and visible spectrum from 351-600 nm. The transport mirror BK7 substrates will be intentionally solarized to absorb >95% of the backscattered light to prevent damage to the metallic mechanical support hardware. Solarization has minimal impact on the 351- and 1053-nm laser-induced damage threshold or the reflected wavefront of the multilayer hafnia silica coating. Radiation sources of various energies were examined for BK7 darkening efficiency within the UV and visible region with 1.1 MeV gamma rays from a Cobalt 60 source ultimately being selected. Finally, bleaching rates were measured at elevated, temperatures to generate a model for predicting the lifetime at ambient conditions (20degreesC), before solarized BK7 substrates exceed 5% transmission in the UV and-visible region. Over a 30-mm thickness, BK7 glass will bleach in 10 years to 5% transmission at 600 nm, the most transmissive wavelengths over the 351-660 nm regions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stolz, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 38 EP 47 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500005 ER PT S AU Shinn, M AF Shinn, M BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Operation of the Jefferson Lab FEL - optics lessons learned SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE free-electron laser; high average power laser; ultrafast lasers C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Shinn, M (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 88 EP 90 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500011 ER PT S AU Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM AF Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Mechanisms Of CO2 laser mitigation of laser damage growth in fused silica SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage growth; fused silica; laser mitigation AB Theoretical models for heating, evaporation, material flow, and stress and strain generation accompanying CO2 laser damage mitigation and surface treatment of fused silica are developed to aid understanding of scaling with-process parameters. We find that lateral nonlinear heat transport is an important cooling mechanism, more significant than evaporative cooling. Scaling laws relating experiments with different set of parameters are presented. Transverse conduction, together with the increased thermal conductivity at high temperatures, allows a gentle evaporation regime at low laser intensity in which the rate can be controlled via laser fluence. For higher laser intensity, recoil momentum imparted by rapid evaporation generates pressure, which can lead to transverse flow of the melted material. Only a very thin layer can flow because viscosity increases rapidly with depth. Evaporation and flow are subject to instabilities that can impact surface quality, especially surface flatness, if large areas are processed. Also material flow can heal cracks and improve material quality. Analysis of stress indicates that maximal tensile stresses of order 0.1 GPa, comparable to the tensile strength, can be generated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Feit, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 91 EP 102 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500012 ER PT S AU Chow, R Thomas, MD Bickel, R Taylor, JR AF Chow, R Thomas, MD Bickel, R Taylor, JR BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Comparison of anti-reflective coated and uncoated surfaces figured by pitch-polishing and magneto-rheological processes SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage; polishing; lenses; surface roughness ID OPTICS AB When completed, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will provide laser energies in the Mega-joule range. Successful pulse amplification to these extremely high levels requires that all small optics, found earlier in the beamline, have stringent surface and laser fluence requirements. In addition, they must operate reliably for 30 years constituting hundreds of thousands of shots. As part of the first four beamlines, spherical and aspherical lenses were required for the beam relaying telescopes. The magneto-rheological technique allows for faster and more accurate finishing of aspheres. The spherical and aspherical lenses were final figured using both conventional-pitch polishing processes for high quality laser optics and the magneto-rheological finishing process. The purpose of this paper is to compare the surface properties between these two finishing processes. Some lenses were set aside from production for evaluation. The surface roughness in the mid-frequency range was measured and the scatter was studied. Laser damage testing at 1064 nm (3-ns pulse width) was performed on surfaces in both the uncoated and coated condition. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chow, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 112 EP 118 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500014 ER PT S AU Runkel, M Nostrand, MC AF Runkel, M Nostrand, MC BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI An. overview of raster scanning for ICF-class laser optics SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL ID SILICA AB Recent work has shown that the damage resistance of both ICF-class (1600 cm(2)) DKDP tripler crystals and SiO2 components (lenses, gratings and debris shields) benefits from laser raster scanning using-pulsed lasers in the 350 nm range. For laser raster scanning to be a viable optical improvement tool for these large optics, damage improvement must be optimized while maintaining scan times of less than 8 hours/optic. In this paper we examine raster scanning with small beams from tabletop laser systems. We show that 120 Watts of average power is required for a tabletop scanning system at one optic/day. Next, we develop equations for total scan time for square and round top hat beams and round and rectangular gaussian beams. We also consider the effect of packing geometry (square vs. hexagonal), examine the deviations from uniform coverage with each scan geometry and show that hexagonal packing yields lower scan times but is less efficient in coverage than square geometry. We also show that multiple passes at low packing densities are temporally equivalent to a single pass with higher packing density, and discuss the advantages of each method. In addition, we show that the differences between hexagonal and square scan geometries are negated when pointing errors and fluence fluctuations from the laser are considered. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Runkel, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 136 EP 146 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500018 ER PT S AU Hrubesh, LW Brusasco, RB Grundler, W Norton, MA Donohue, EE Molander, WA Thompson, SL Strodtbeck, SR Whitman, PK Shirk, MD Wegner, PJ Nostrand, MC Burnham, AK AF Hrubesh, LW Brusasco, RB Grundler, W Norton, MA Donohue, EE Molander, WA Thompson, SL Strodtbeck, SR Whitman, PK Shirk, MD Wegner, PJ Nostrand, MC Burnham, AK BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Methods for mitigating growth of laser-initiated surface damage on DKDP optics at 351nm SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage; DKDP; surface damage growth mitigation; CO2 laser processing; micro-machining ID FUSED-SILICA AB We report an experimental investigation of mitigating surface damage growth at. 351nm for machine-finished DKDP optics. The objective was to determine which methods could be applied to pre-initiated or retrieved-from-service optics, in order to stop further damage growth for large aperture DKDP optics used in high-peak-power laser applications. The test results, and the, evaluation thereof, are presented for several mitigation methods applied to DKDP surface damage. The mitigation methods tested were CW-CO2 laser processing, aqueous wet-etching, short-pulse laser ablation, and micro-machining. We found that micro-machining, using a single crystal diamond tool to completely remove the damage pit, produces the most consistent results to halt the growth of surface damage on DKDP. We obtained the successful mitigation of laser-initiated surface damage sites as large as 0.14mm diameter, for up to 1000 shots at 351nm and fluences in the. range of 2 to 13J/cm(2), similar to11ns pulse length. Data obtained to-date indicates that micro-machining is the preferred method to process large-aperture optics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hrubesh, LW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Whitman, Pamela/B-2336-2013 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 180 EP 191 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500022 ER PT S AU Nostrand, MC Thompson, S Siekhaus, W Fluss, M Hahn, D Whitman, P Burnham, A AF Nostrand, MC Thompson, S Siekhaus, W Fluss, M Hahn, D Whitman, P Burnham, A BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Identification and elimination of fluorescent surface-damage precursors on DKDP optics SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE DKDP; laser-induced damage; fluorescence; diamond finishing ID LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE; NONINVASIVE DETECTION; CONTAMINATION; MICROSCOPY; THRESHOLD; 351-NM AB Fluorescing surface defects that led to damage upon 351-nm laser exposure below 7 J/cm(2) (3-ns) in DKDP optics were reported in these proceedings by this group a year ago.(1) Subsequent laser damage experiments have correlated the density of these damage precursors to single-point diamond finishing conditions. Every diamond-finishing schedule contains brittle-mode cutting and ductile-mode cutting in a taper-down sequence. Finishing experiments have traced the occurrence of these defects to insufficient ductile-mode removal of subsurface damage incurred during prior brittle-mode cutting. Additionally, a correlation between defect fluorescence, laser-induced damage, and defect morphology has been established. Laser-induced damage tests also suggest a correlation between growth method and damage probability. Current experiments indicate that damage-prone defects can be minimized with the proper choice of diamond finishing conditions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nostrand, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-592, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 192 EP 201 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500023 ER PT S AU Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM AF Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Analysis of raster scanning damage and conditioning experiments SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL ID FUSED-SILICA; OPTICS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rubenchik, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808-L399, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 238 EP 249 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500028 ER PT S AU Exarhos, GJ Ferris, KF Samuels, WD Owings, RR AF Exarhos, GJ Ferris, KF Samuels, WD Owings, RR BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Optical limiting based on liquid-liquid immiscibility SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE Christiansen filter; optical limiting; refractive index; scattering; z-scan ID SCATTERING; INDEX; REFRACTION; ABSORPTION; LIMITERS; LIGHT AB Nonionic surfactants are used to stabilize a dispersed droplet phase in a continuous liquid phase when two immiscible liquids are mixed. As both liquid phases approach the index-matched condition, interfacial scattering is suppressed, and the mixture takes on the characteristics of a Christiansen-Shelyubskii filter. If, in addition, one of the liquids exhibits a substantial nonlinear optical response, then interfacial light scattering can be reversibly turned on when a laser beam incident upon the filter exceeds a critical fluence. To demonstrate this effect, an organic phase (dichloroethane) was dispersed in an aqueous phase containing sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) using an alkyl end-capped polyethylene glycol ether. Optical limiting was observed through this transparent medium under conditions where the focused second-harmonic output of a Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser was on the order of about 50 mJ/cm(2). An open-aperture z-scan technique was used to quantify the limiting behavior. Since the thiocyanate anion is both isostructural and isoelectronic with carbon disulfide which exhibits a large optical nonlinearity, the mechanism of optical limiting is proposed to be associated with a nonlinear shift in the aqueous fluid index of refraction, resulting in an index mismatch-between the disparate phases at high laser fluence. Index mismatch between the two phases leads to multiple reflections, loss of coherence, and a significant transmission decrease due to Tyndall scattering. Fundamental studies of such systems are used to verify theoretical predictions of the limiting effect, and aid in the design and development of improved sub nanosecond limiters based upon this optical deflection approach. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Exarhos, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, POB 999,MS K2-44, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 319 EP 333 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500037 ER PT S AU Carr, CW Radousky, HB Demos, SG AF Carr, CW Radousky, HB Demos, SG BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Experimental study of wavelength dependent damage threshold in DKDP SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage; initiation mechanisms; wavelength; OPO; DKDP ID BULK LASER DAMAGE; INDUCED BREAKDOWN; IRRADIATION; KDP AB Using an OPO (optical parametric oscillator) laser we have measured the damage thresholds of deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) from 312 nm to 532 nm by the 1 on 1 method. Distinct steps are observed in the damage threshold at 318 nm and 487 nm. The wavelength dependence to the damage threshold is compared to various models from the literature to demonstrate the relevance of each to damage initiation in DKDP. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carr, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500043 ER PT S AU Runkel, M Bruere, J Sell, W Weiland, T Milam, D Hahn, D Nostrand, M AF Runkel, M Bruere, J Sell, W Weiland, T Milam, D Hahn, D Nostrand, M BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Effects of pulse duration on bulk laser damage in 350-nm rasterscanned DKDP SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL AB In this paper we present the results of bulk damage experiments done on Type-II DKDP triple harmonic generator crystals that were raster conditioned with 351-355 rim wavelengths and pulse durations of 4 and 23.2 ns. In the first phase of experiments 20 different scan protocols were rastered into a sample of rapid growth DKDP. The sample was then rastered at damage-causing fluences to determine the three most effective protocols. These three protocols were scanned into a 15-cm sample of conventional-growth DKDP and then exposed to single shots of a I-cm. beam from LLNL's Optical Sciences Laser at fluences ranging from 0.5 - 1.5X of the 10% damage probability fluence and nominal pulse durations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.8, 3.2, 7.0 and 20 ns. The experiment showed that pulse durations in the 1-3 ns range were much more effective at conditioning than pulses in the 16.3 ns range and that the multiple pass "peak fluence" scan was more effective than the single pass "leading edge" scan for 23.2 ns XeF scans. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Runkel, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-491, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 405 EP 414 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500046 ER PT S AU Carr, CW McMillian, TH Staggs, MC Radousky, HB Demos, SG AF Carr, CW McMillian, TH Staggs, MC Radousky, HB Demos, SG BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Evolution of bulk damage initiation in DKDP crystals SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2002 AND 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers/7th International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY SEP 16-19, 2002 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Wissensch Gesell Laser Tech, Univ Stuttgart, Inst Strahlwerkzeuge HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage; bulk damage growth; DKDP AB We investigate the evolution of laser-induced damage initiated in the bulk of DKDP crystals using in-situ microscopy. Experimental results indicate that at peek fluences greater than 10 j/cm(2), damage sites are formed with increasing number as a function of the laser fluence. Following plasma formation, cracks are observed which grow in size for tens of seconds after the termination of the laser pulse. Subsequent irradiation leads to modest increase in size only during the initial 2-5 pulses. Experimental results suggest that there is also relaxation of the stresses adjacent to a damage site for several hours after initial damage. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carr, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4727-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4932 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BX06D UT WOS:000184147500050 ER PT J AU Barci, DG Fraga, ES Ramos, RO AF Barci, DG Fraga, ES Ramos, RO TI Microscopic evolution of a weakly interacting homogeneous Bose gas SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SUPERFLUIDITY; EQUILIBRIUM; TRANSITION; GROWTH; TRAP AB We provide a detailed description of the nonequilibrium time evolution of an interacting homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate. We use a nonperturbative in-medium quantum field theory approach as a microscopic model for the Bose gas. The real-time dynamics of the condensate is encoded in a set of self-consistent equations which corresponds to an infinite sum of ladder Feynman diagrams. The crucial role played by the interaction between fluctuations for the instability generation is thoroughly described. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Teor, BR-20550013 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Barci, DG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Ramos, Rudnei/C-4492-2008; Barci, Daniel /H-8532-2013 OI Ramos, Rudnei/0000-0001-8781-4928; Barci, Daniel /0000-0001-5266-8780 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 521GW UT WOS:000173831700006 ER PT J AU Panjehpour, M Julius, CE Phan, MN Vo-Dinh, T Overholt, S AF Panjehpour, M Julius, CE Phan, MN Vo-Dinh, T Overholt, S TI Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy for in vivo diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancers SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE BCC; SCC; actinic keratosis; in vivo fluorescence intensity; nitrogen/dye laser ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC EVALUATION; PIGMENTED LESIONS; AUTOFLUORESCENCE; DYSPLASIA; TUMORS; LOCALIZATION; BRONCHOSCOPY; ESOPHAGUS; SPECTRA AB Background and Objectives: Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique previously used for detection of cancer in a variety of organ systems. The objective of this study was to determine whether in vivo laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy alone at the visible excitation wavelength of 410 nm could be used to detect non-melanoma skin cancers. Study Design/Materials and Methods: The system consisted of a nitrogen/dye laser tuned at 410 nm, an optical multichannel analyzer, and a fiber optic probe for excitation of tissue and collection of fluorescence emission. Two hundred and seventy nine measurements were performed from normal and abnormal tissues in 49 patients. Patients were classified as having either skin types 1, 11, or III. Biopsy of the abnormal tissues were then performed. Each measurement was assigned as either normal, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), precancerous, or benign. Total emission photon count was used as the discriminating index. A threshold value was calculated to separate normal tissue indices from indices of cancer tissues. The classification accuracy of each data point was determined using the threshold value. Results: Cancers were classified 93, 89, and 78% correctly in patients with skin types 1, 11, and III, respectively. Normal tissues were classified 93, 88, and 50% correctly in patients with skin types I, II, and III, respectively. Using the same threshold, pre-cancerous spectra were classified 78 and 100% correctly in skin types I and III, respectively. Benign lesions were classified 100, 46, and 27% correctly in patient with skin types I, II, and III, respectively. Conclusions: In vivo laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy at 410 nm excitation and using the intensity of emission signal is effective for detection of BCC, SCC, and actinic keratosis, specially in patients with light colored skin. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Thompson Canc Survival Ctr, Ctr Laser, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Panjehpour, M (reprint author), Thompson Canc Survival Ctr, Ctr Laser, 1915 White Ave, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. NR 26 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1002/lsm.10125 PG 7 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 626XT UT WOS:000179899700012 PM 12430156 ER PT J AU Maitland, DJ Metzger, MF Schumann, D Lee, A Wilson, TS AF Maitland, DJ Metzger, MF Schumann, D Lee, A Wilson, TS TI Photothermal properties of shape memory polymer micro-actuators for treating stroke SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diode laser; hemorrhagic stroke; ischemic stroke; biomaterial ID RHEOLYTIC CATHETER; THROMBECTOMY AB Background and Objectives: In this paper the photothermal engineering issues of novel shape memory polymer (SMP) microactuators for treating stroke are presented. The engineering issues for using lasers to heat and subsequently actuate these SMP devices are presented in order to provide design criteria and guidelines for intravascular, laser activated SMP devices. Materials and Methods: A total of three devices will be presented: two interventional ischemic stroke devices (coil and umbrella) and one device for releasing embolic coils (microgripper). The optical properties of SMP, methods for coupling laser light into SMP, heating distributions in the SMP devices, and the impact of operating the thermally activated material in a blood vessel are presented. Results: Actuating the devices requires device temperatures in the range of 65-85degreesC. Attaining these temperatures under flow conditions requires critical engineering of the SMP optical properties, optical coupling into the SMP, and device geometries. Conclusion: Laser-activated SMP devices are a unique combination of laser-tissue and biomaterial technologies. Successful deployment of the microactuator requires well-engineered coupling of the light from the diffusing fiber through the blood into the SMP. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maitland, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, 7000 E Ave,Mail Stop L-174, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 177 Z9 179 U1 3 U2 66 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 514DT UT WOS:000173423500001 PM 11857597 ER PT J AU Armstrong, WB Neev, JA Da Silva, LB Rubenchik, AM Stuart, BC AF Armstrong, WB Neev, JA Da Silva, LB Rubenchik, AM Stuart, BC TI Ultrashort pulse laser ossicular ablation and stapedotomy in cadaveric bone SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Western Section of the American-Laryngological-Rhinological-and-Otological-Society CY JAN 05-07, 2001 CL CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Laryngol Rhinol & Otolog Soc, Western Sect DE femtosecond; hard tissue; otolaryngology; otosclerosis; stapes; Ti : Sapphire ID HOLMIUM-YAG LASER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ERBIUM LASER; STAPES FOOTPLATE; TISSUE ABLATION; CALVARIAL BONE; OTIC CAPSULE; EAR SURGERY; SYSTEMS; OTOSCLEROSIS AB Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ablation of ossicular tissue using a 1,053 run Ti:Sapphire chirped pulse amplifier laser system configured to deliver ultrashort pulses of 350 femtoseconds (fs) (3.5 x 10(-13) seconds) in cadaver temporal bone. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Ablation of the formalin-fixed incus and stapes was performed using an ultrashort pulse laser (USPL) (0.4 mm beam diameter, pulse fluence of 2.0 J/cm(2), and pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz). The ablation rate was measured using optical micrometry, and crater surface morphology examined using scanning electron microscopy. Results: The laser produced precise bone ablation at a rate of 1.26 mum/pulse, with almost no evidence of thermal damage, and very little evidence of photomechanical injury. Conclusions: Ultrashort pulse lasers may provide a useful clinical tool for otologic and skull base surgery, where precise hard tissue ablation is required adjacent to critical structures. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:216-220, 2002. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Orange, CA 92868 USA. Y Beam Technol, Lake Forest, CA 92630 USA. Pearl Technol Holdings LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Armstrong, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 101 City Dr S,Bldg 25,Suite 191, Orange, CA 92868 USA. RI Stuart, Brent/K-4988-2015 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 216 EP 220 AR PII 10.1002/lsm.10034 DI 10.1002/lsm.10034 PG 5 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 537GZ UT WOS:000174751700006 PM 11891741 ER PT J AU Ho, DDM London, R Zimmerman, GB Young, DA AF Ho, DDM London, R Zimmerman, GB Young, DA TI Laser-tattoo removal - A study optimal treatment strategy via of the mechanism and the computer simulations SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE laser-tattoo interaction; photoacoustic; breakup of tattoos ID ABSORPTION AB Background and Objective: The physical mechanisms for laser-tattoo interactions and the tattoo particle breakup process are not well understood. This study investigates whether the mechanism of the breakup process can be identified via computer simulations and proposes a treatment strategy that can potentially minimize the collateral damage to the surrounding tissues. Note that the "removal" of tattoo particles is defined here as breakup of particles into smaller ones with sizes approaching or smaller than the visible wavelength of light so that they become less visible. Study Design/Materials and Methods: The radiation-hydrodynamics code LATIS is used for the modeling. We first identify the magnitude of the tensile stress generated inside graphite tattoo particles as functions of laser pulse length and particle size. We then calculate the relationship between the surface laser fluence (defined as the time integrated energy flux) and the tensile strength of the tattoo particle at a given depth. Results: If the laser pulse length is sufficiently short, strong acoustic waves with tensile strengths exceeding the fracture thresholds for graphite are generated. The strength of the wave decreases with particle size and increases as the laser pulse length decreases. Simulation results are in general agreement with clinical studies. Although temperatures of the tattoo particles never reach the melting point, a cavitation bubble around the particle can be formed. The steam generated can get into the cracked particles and induce steam-carbon reactions. Laser energy density decreases rapidly with the skin depth. Therefore, the minimum surface laser fluence, for a given pulse length, required for breaking up tattoo particles at a given skin depth, increases with particle depth. Conclusions: Computer simulations confirm that the breakup of tattoo particles is photoacoustic. For the same amount of laser energy, a shorter pulse is more efficient. The optimal pulse length is approximately 10-100 pico-second to minimize the laser fluence and the collateral damage. It is more difficult to break up the smallest tattoo particles that have diameters smaller than 10 nm; however, smaller particles are less important because they are less visible. Tissue surrounding the tattoo particles can be damaged by cavitation bubbles. These bubbles could be the cause of the empty vacuoles in the ash-white lesions throughout the dermis seen after treatment. Steam-carbon reactions can be induced. Particles then become grossly transparent because of this reaction. Different laser intensity should be used for pigments at different depths in order to minimize the collateral damage to the dermis. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ho, DDM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1002/lsm.10065 PG 9 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 568ZV UT WOS:000176575600011 PM 12116333 ER PT J AU Sankaran, V Walsh, JT AF Sankaran, V Walsh, JT TI Birefringence to monitor pathway-dependent collagen denaturation SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. RI Walsh, Joseph/B-7636-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PY 2002 SU 14 MA 24 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 536XE UT WOS:000174726500025 ER PT S AU Brightwell, R Lawry, W Maccabe, AB Wilson, C AF Brightwell, R Lawry, W Maccabe, AB Wilson, C GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Improving processor availability in the MPI implementation for the ASCI/Red supercomputer SO LCN 2002: 27TH ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Local Computer Networks Conference (LCN 2002) CY NOV 06-08, 2002 CL TAMPA, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Commun DE system-area network; message-passing; MPI; performance analysis AB This paper describes how a portable benchmark suite that measures the ability of an MPI implementation to overlap computation and communication can be used to discover and diagnose performance problems. We describe the approach of the benchmark suite and discuss a performance problem that we uncovered with the MPI implementation on the ASCI/Red supercomputer A slight modification to the MPI implementation has resulted in a significant gain CPU availability and band-width with a slight degradation in latency performance. We present a detailed analysis of these results and discuss how the benchmark suite has enabled its to tailor the MPI implementation to optimize for all three measurements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Syst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0742-1303 BN 0-7695-1591-6 J9 CONF LOCAL COMPUT NE PY 2002 BP 639 EP 647 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV68W UT WOS:000179772300078 ER PT S AU Riesen, R Maccabe, AB AF Riesen, R Maccabe, AB GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI RMPP: The reliable message passing protocol SO LCN 2002: 27TH ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Local Computer Networks Conference (LCN 2002) CY NOV 06-08, 2002 CL TAMPA, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Commun AB Large-scale clusters built out of commercial components face similar scalability obstacles as the massively parallel processors (MPP) of the 1980's. This is especially, true when they are used ,for scientific computing. Their networks are the descendants of the MPP networks, but the communication software in use has been designed for wide-area networks with client/server applications in mind. We present a communication protocol which has been designed specifically for large-scale clusters with a scientific application workload. The protocol takes advantage of the low error rate and high performance of these networks. It is adapted to the peculiarities of these MPP-like networks and the communication characteristics of scientific applications. This paper only presents the protocol itself and the ideas behind it. We refer the reader to other publications for more information about scalability, performance, and usage of the protocol presented here. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Riesen, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0742-1303 BN 0-7695-1591-6 J9 CONF LOCAL COMPUT NE PY 2002 BP 658 EP 666 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV68W UT WOS:000179772300080 ER PT S AU Bierbaum, N AF Bierbaum, N GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI MPI and embedded TCP/IP gigabit ethernet cluster computing SO LCN 2002: 27TH ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Local Computer Networks Conference (LCN 2002) CY NOV 06-08, 2002 CL TAMPA, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Commun AB A group of lower cost PC's connected via Gigabit Ethernet and using MPI for communications between multiple Parallel processes running simultaneously on all hosts provides a cost effective and powerful computing solution. The processing load for interprocess communications via TCP is significant when the parallel processes must exchange a large amount of data. When using a standard gigabit network interface card (NIC), TCP communications at near wire speed (above 800 Mbit/sec) use almost the entire processing capacity of a 1 GHz Pentium 3 processor or around 30% of a 2.4 GHz Pentium IV. This communications overhead significantly reduces the computational power of economical two processor systems. NICs that perform the protocol processing on the card offer the possibility of reducing this significantly. This study evaluates the performance and cost effectiveness of using a NIC with embedded TCP/IP processing to offload the network processing and allow more MPI processes per host. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bierbaum, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0742-1303 BN 0-7695-1591-6 J9 CONF LOCAL COMPUT NE PY 2002 BP 733 EP 734 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV68W UT WOS:000179772300090 ER PT S AU Madduri, RK Hood, CS Allcock, WE AF Madduri, RK Hood, CS Allcock, WE GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Reliable file transfer in grid environments SO LCN 2002: 27TH ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - CONFERENCE ON LOCAL COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Local Computer Networks Conference (LCN 2002) CY NOV 06-08, 2002 CL TAMPA, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Commun AB Grid-based computing environments are becoming increasingly popular for scientific computing. One of the key issues for scientific computing is the efficient transfer of large amounts of data across the Grid In this poster we present a Reliable File Transfer (RFT) service that significantly improves the efficiency of large-scale file transfer. RFT can detect a variety of failures and restart the file transfer from the point of failure. It also has capabilities for improving transfer performance through TCP tuning. C1 IIT, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Madduri, RK (reprint author), IIT, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 1 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0742-1303 BN 0-7695-1591-6 J9 CONF LOCAL COMPUT NE PY 2002 BP 737 EP 738 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV68W UT WOS:000179772300092 ER PT S AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, L BE Plessas, W Mathelitsch, L TI The color glass condensate and small-x physics SO LECTURES ON QUARK MATTER SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Schladming-Winter-School on Dense Matter CY MAR 03-10, 2001 CL SCHLADMING, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fed Minist Educ, Sci, & Culture, Govt Styria ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PARTON SATURATION; GLUON PRODUCTION; FIELD; SCATTERING; DENSITY; MODEL; QCD AB The Color Glass Condensate is a state of high-density gluonic matter which controls the high-energy limit of hadronic matter. The article begins with a discussion of general problems of high-energy strong interactions. The infinite-momentum-frame description of a single hadron at very small x is developed, and this picture is applied to the description of ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions. Recent developments in the renormalization group description of the Color Class Condensate are reviewed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-43234-5 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2002 VL 583 BP 291 EP 334 DI 10.1007/3-540-45792-5_8 PG 44 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BU39Q UT WOS:000175883300008 ER PT J AU Radosevich, JL Wilson, WJ Shinn, JH DeSantis, TZ Andersen, GL AF Radosevich, JL Wilson, WJ Shinn, JH DeSantis, TZ Andersen, GL TI Development of a high-volume aerosol collection system for the identification of air-borne micro-organisms SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE BACTERIA; CHAIN-REACTION; DNA; DIVERSITY; VIEW AB Aims: A high-volume aerosol collector was developed to efficiently capture airborne bacteria in order to assess levels of diversity in the air. Methods and Results: Particulate matter was collected on a device designed to filter 1.4 x 10(6) litres of air in a 24 h period on a 1-mum pore size polyester membrane. Methods were optimized for extraction of genomic DNA from the air filter concentrate. Preparation times of 90 s with 0-5-0-05 mm diameter zirconia/silica beads yielded the highest concentration genomic DNA that was able to support PCR. A 24-h air sample was taken in Salt Lake City, Utah and the microbial composition was determined by the amplification and sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA fragments. Conclusions: Sequence analysis revealed a large diversity in the type of microbial species present including clones matching the sequence of Clostridium botulinum. The primary components of the aerosol sample included many different spore-forming bacteria as well as more fragile members of the Proteobacteria division. Significance and Impact of the Study: The high-volume air collection and genomic DNA recovery system allows for the rapid detection of both cultivable as well as culture-resistant organisms in the environment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-441 POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 16 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01048.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 532FX UT WOS:000174464600002 PM 11874535 ER PT J AU Burton, H AF Burton, H TI Arguing AI: The battle for twenty-first century science. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burton, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1 BP 138 EP + PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 509WN UT WOS:000173173000274 ER PT J AU Albright, ED AF Albright, ED TI Undertaker of the mind: John Monro and mad-doctoring in eighteenth-century England. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Albright, ED (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1 BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 509WN UT WOS:000173173000283 ER PT S AU Gougar, MLD Simpson, MF Battisti, TJ Scheetz, BE AF Gougar, MLD Simpson, MF Battisti, TJ Scheetz, BE BE Schneider, WA TI Ion exchange of fission products between zeolite and a molten salt SO LIGHT METALS 2002 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 131st TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc AB In an electrometallurgical process to treat spent nuclear fuel, a molten chloride salt solution accumulates fission products from the alkali, alkaline earth, lanthanide, and actinide families. One technique that has been identified for removing these fission products and extending the usable life of the molten salt is ion exchange with zeolite A. Salt fills the micropores of the zeolite and ion exchange of fission products can then occur between the molten salt phase and the solid zeolite phase. Batch contact experiments have been performed using both radioactive, fission-product-loaded salt and non-radioactive surrogate salt. The time for the establishment of equilibrium has been determined, and initial data has been obtained in support of the development of a multi-component equilibrium model for the ion exchange of fission products between molten chloride salt and zeolite A. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83406 USA. RP Gougar, MLD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83406 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-519-0 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2002 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU35M UT WOS:000175748000004 ER PT S AU Simpson, M Lance, S Moore, G AF Simpson, M Lance, S Moore, G BE Schneider, WA TI Kinetics of molten chloride salt sorption into zeolite-4a SO LIGHT METALS 2002 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 131st TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc AB A critical step in the EBR-II spent fuel treatment process involves blending fission-product loaded chloride salt with anhydrous zeolite-4A. The salt-loaded zeolite is a precursor for the final ceramic wasteform, which is comprised of glass-bonded socialite. The blending is achieved by heating granular salt and zeolite to 500degreesC in a rotating v-blender for no more than 24 hours. The salt is ultimately occluded inside of the zeolite's alpha cages due to this process. Numerous salt sorption kinetics experiments have been performed in an effort to understand the factors that contribute to the rate of salt occlusion. A kinetic model for salt sorption in the zeolite has also been formulated with kinetic parameters estimated based on the experimental results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83406 USA. RP Simpson, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83406 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-519-0 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2002 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU35M UT WOS:000175748000006 ER PT S AU Westphal, BR Krsul, JR Maddison, DW AF Westphal, BR Krsul, JR Maddison, DW BE Schneider, WA TI Molten salt separation from uranium during the processing of spent nuclear fuel SO LIGHT METALS 2002 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 131st TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc AB As part of the spent fuel treatment program at Argonne National Laboratory, a vacuum distillation process is being employed for the recovery of uranium following an electrorefining process. Distillation of a molten salt electrolyte, primarily consisting of a eutectic mixture of lithium and potassium chlorides with minor amounts of fission product chlorides, from uranium is achieved by a batch operation called cathode processing. The degree of molten salt separation from uranium at the cathode processor is termed distillation efficiency. This paper discusses the efficiency of the cathode processor via the use of representative isotopic tracers of the fission product chlorides. The relationship between distillation efficiencies, chloride vapor pressures, and relative concentrations is also discussed and applied to other chloride species of the system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Westphal, BR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-519-0 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2002 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU35M UT WOS:000175748000007 ER PT S AU Han, Q Viswanathan, S Spainhower, DL Das, SK AF Han, Q Viswanathan, S Spainhower, DL Das, SK BE Schneider, WA TI Nature and formation of surface cracks in DC cast ingots SO LIGHT METALS 2002 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 131st TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; BILLETS; HEAT AB Surface cracks are critical defects that increase the cost and reduce the yield of the DC casting process. However, there is some debate about the nature of surface cracks in the literature. In this study, surface cracks on an aluminum 3004 alloy ingot were examined in detail. Optical microscopy showed that the crack occurred along grain boundaries. Dendrites were clearly seen on the fracture surface using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Auger Electron Spectroscopy indicated that silicon and magnesium were highly segregated on the fracture surface. When coupled with a simulation of the solidification of aluminum 3004 alloy, the results suggest that the surface cracks that occur during DC casting of aluminum alloys are hot tears that form above the solidus temperature, rather than cold cracks that form below the solidus temperature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Han, Q (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-519-0 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2002 BP 975 EP 979 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU35M UT WOS:000175748000139 ER PT S AU Hryn, JN Krumdick, GK AF Hryn, JN Krumdick, GK BE Schneider, WA TI Recycling aluminum salt cake SO LIGHT METALS 2002 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 131st TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hryn, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-519-0 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2002 BP 1053 EP 1053 PG 1 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU35M UT WOS:000175748000149 ER PT S AU Gourishankar, K Redey, L Williamson, M AF Gourishankar, K Redey, L Williamson, M BE Schneider, WA TI Electrochemical reduction of metal oxides in molten salts SO LIGHT METALS 2002 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 131st TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc AB Argonne National Laboratory has demonstrated a direct electrochemical reduction process for converting uranium oxide to uranium metal in molten LiCl-Li2O salt at 650degreesC. ne reduction process is versatile and can be extended to the extraction of other actinide and rare-earth metals from their oxides. Although the direct electrochemical reduction process has been demonstrated with UO2 in molten LiCl-Li2O electrolyte at 650degreesC, the choice of electrolyte and process temperature depends on the composition of the oxide charge and the system thermodynamics and kinetics. For example, the reduction of rare-earth oxides requires low oxide activity in molten LiCl-Li2O at 650degreesC, while the oxide activity restriction is less severe in CaCl2-CaO melts at 800-900degreesC. However, the fundamental mechanism underlying the technology is the same: the metal species in the metal oxide charge is reduced to metal at the cathode, oxide ions leave the metal oxide lattice and dissolve in the molten electrolyte; and the dissolved oxide ions are transported to the anode, where they are oxidized to oxygen gas. The electrochemical cell consists of a non-consumable anode and a cathode configured to contain the oxide charge. Independent reference electrodes are used to monitor the anode and cathode potentials. ne cell is operated under constant current or constant potential. This paper will discuss the reaction mechanism and the cell design and operation and will present results from UO2 reduction experiments in molten LiCl-Li2O at 650degreesC. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gourishankar, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-519-0 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2002 BP 1075 EP 1082 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU35M UT WOS:000175748000153 ER PT J AU Grothues, TM Cowen, RK Pietrafesa, LJ Bignami, F Weatherly, GL Flagg, CN AF Grothues, TM Cowen, RK Pietrafesa, LJ Bignami, F Weatherly, GL Flagg, CN TI Flux of larval fish around Cape Hatteras SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; GULF-STREAM WATER; NEW-YORK BIGHT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NURSERY HABITATS; TRANSPORT; RECRUITMENT; NORTH AB Convergence of shelf water flows from the Middle and South Atlantic Bights (MAB and SAB) upon Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, presents a potential barrier to the exchange of fish larvae between bights. Impinging water often turns northeastward with the Gulf Stream, and larvae of both cool temperate and warm temperate/subtropical shelf fishes suffer expatriation. Transient oceanographic features exist, however, facilitating shelf retention, cross-bight exchange, and return of expatriated larvae. The impact of these features is mitigated by specific distribution with relation to hydrography, resulting in a selective permeability of this barrier. Dynamic oceanography may result in dynamic recruitment success. We measured the springtime (1996) flux of seven larval fish species assemblages across the confluence by coupling measured water mass/depth specific larval fish concentration with water mass transport values obtained from an extensive moored instrument survey. Strong flows of shallow shelf water from the MAB to the SAB dominated transport of MAB-spawned larvae even for groups with highest concentrations in waters without strong net flows. Most of these larvae passed from the MAB or the open sea into the study region shelf and from there into the SAB. Net flow of SAB water into the convergence retained SAB-affiliated larvae arriving from the south, but nearshore MAB flows transported low numbers from the MAB to the SAB. The importance of this is tied to the unknown point of introduction of these SAB larvae to MAB waters (e.g., well north of the confluence), but northward exchange of SAB-spawned fish was always prevented along the southern MAB shelf. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Brookhaven Natl Labs, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Grothues, TM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn,800 C-O 132 Great Bay Blvd, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. OI BIGNAMI, FRANCESCO/0000-0003-1997-1811 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 516AM UT WOS:000173529200016 ER PT S AU Smith, RS Dohnalek, Z Kimmel, GA Stevenson, KP Kay, BD AF Smith, RS Dohnalek, Z Kimmel, GA Stevenson, KP Kay, BD BE Fourkas, JT TI The relationship between the self-diffusivity of supercooled and amorphous solid water SO LIQUID DYNAMICS: EXPERIMENT, SIMULATION, AND THEORY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Study of Dynamics in Liquid held at the 220th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc ID LIQUID WATER; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; 150 K; T-G; ICE; CRYSTALLIZATION; STABILITY AB We summarize the existing experimental data for the self-diffusivity of supercooled liquid water and review two proposals for the temperature dependence of these data. These data are compared to the recently published measurements Of the self-diffusivity of amorphous solid water, We discuss the implications of these data regarding the continuity between ASW and supercooled liquid data. The advantages and limitations of using nanoscale thin films to Measure the physical properties of metastable amorphous materials are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, 3335 Q Ave,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Scott/G-2310-2015; OI Smith, Scott/0000-0002-7145-1963; Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3762-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 820 BP 198 EP 211 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BW14V UT WOS:000180991400015 ER PT S AU Ullom, JN AF Ullom, JN BE Porter, FS McCammon, D Galeazzi, M Stahle, CK TI Physics and applications of NIS junctions SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP NASA Gooddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV WISCONSIN ID SUPERCONDUCTOR TUNNEL JUNCTION; HOT-ELECTRON-MICROCALORIMETERS; PARTICLE-DETECTION; NORMAL-METAL; REFRIGERATION AB This paper reviews the physics and applications of Normal-Insulator-Superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions. The current-voltage properties of NIS junctions are diode-like with a strong temperature dependence. Hence, these structures can be used as sensitive thermometers at temperatures well below the energy gap, Delta, of the superconducting electrode. For junction voltages comparable to Delta/q, current flow removes energy from the normal electrode. This property has been exploited to build refrigerators capable of cooling thin-film circuits from 0.3 K to 0.1 K. Calorimeters and bolometers for the detection of X-rays and millimeter-wave radiation, respectively, have successfully been built from NIS junctions, NIS junctions have also been used to probe the superconducting state. Finally, recent ideas for the use of NIS junctions as simple circuit elements are described. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ullom, JN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0049-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 605 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU53Q UT WOS:000176260300032 ER PT S AU Beeman, J Silver, E Bandler, S Schnopper, H Murray, S Madden, N Landis, D Haller, EE Barbera, M AF Beeman, J Silver, E Bandler, S Schnopper, H Murray, S Madden, N Landis, D Haller, EE Barbera, M BE Porter, FS McCammon, D Galeazzi, M Stahle, CK TI The Constellation-X focal plane microcalorimeter array: An NTD-germanium solution SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP NASA Gooddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV WISCONSIN ID RAY AB The hallmarks of Neutron Transmutation Doped (NTD) germanium cryogenic thermistors include high reliability, reproducibility, and long term stability of bulk carrier transport properties. Using micro-machined NTD Ge thermistors with integral "flying" leads, we can now fabricate two-dimensional arrays that are built up from a series of stacked linear arrays. We believe that this modular approach of building, assembling, and perhaps replacing individual modules of detectors is essential to the successful fabrication and testing of large multi-element spectrometers. Details of construction are presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beeman, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0049-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 605 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU53Q UT WOS:000176260300049 ER PT S AU Miyazaki, T Yamazaki, M Futamoto, K Mitsuda, K Fujimoto, R Iyomoto, N Oshima, T Audley, D Ishisaki, Y Kagei, T Ohashi, T Yamasaki, N Shoji, S Kudo, H Yokoyama, Y AF Miyazaki, T Yamazaki, M Futamoto, K Mitsuda, K Fujimoto, R Iyomoto, N Oshima, T Audley, D Ishisaki, Y Kagei, T Ohashi, T Yamasaki, N Shoji, S Kudo, H Yokoyama, Y BE Porter, FS McCammon, D Galeazzi, M Stahle, CK TI AC Calorimeter Bridge; A new multi-pixel readout method for TES calorimeter arrays SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP NASA Gooddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV WISCONSIN ID SENSORS AB In order to realize a large format (e.g. similar to 32 x 32) calorimeter array, it is essential to multiplex calorimeter signals at cryogenic temperatures without losing signal to noise ratio. For this purpose we propose a brand-new readout method, the CABBAGE ((ca) under bar lorimeter (B) under bar ridge (B) under bar iased by an (A) under barC Generator) where an AC biased calorimeters are placed in resistance bridges. In this paper we first describe the principles of CABBAGE and investigate its response and noise. We propose the large format calorimeter array readout using CABBAGEs, and discuss the new TES microcalorimeter readout method without using SQUIDs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miyazaki, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0049-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 605 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU53Q UT WOS:000176260300072 ER PT S AU Friedrich, S Niedermayr, T Funk, T Drury, O van den Berg, ML Cunningham, MF Ullom, JN Loshak, A Cramer, SP Frank, M Labov, SE AF Friedrich, S Niedermayr, T Funk, T Drury, O van den Berg, ML Cunningham, MF Ullom, JN Loshak, A Cramer, SP Frank, M Labov, SE BE Porter, FS McCammon, D Galeazzi, M Stahle, CK TI A multichannel cryogenic detector system for synchrotron-based x-ray spectroscopy SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP NASA Gooddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV WISCONSIN ID HIGH-RESOLUTION AB Fluorescence-detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy probes the fine structure of electronic energy levels with sub-eV resolution by scanning a monochromatic synchrotron beam through the corresponding absorption edge and measuring the intensity of the resulting x-ray fluorescence. For dilute samples, grating spectrometers lack the detection efficiency and conventional Si(Li) or Ge detectors often lack the energy resolution to separate the weak fluorescence signal from strong nearby emission lines. We have built a high-resolution, high-efficiency cryogenic detector system for synchrotron-based soft x-ray spectroscopy. The sensor is a 3 x 3 array of 200 mum x 200 mum superconducting Nb-Al-AlOx-Al-Nb tunnel junctions with an energy resolution of approximate to15 eV below I keV and a total count rate capability of approximate to100,000 counts/second. This sensor array is cooled to below 0.4 K by a two-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator while held at the end of a 40-cm-long cold finger that can be inserted into a UHV sample chamber for x-ray fluorescence measurements. We present absorption spectra of dilute compounds (approximate to1000 ppm) and will discuss spectrometer performance with respect to the analysis of metalloproteins. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Friedrich, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-418, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0049-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 605 BP 359 EP 362 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU53Q UT WOS:000176260300082 ER PT S AU Niedermayr, T Friedrich, S Cunningham, MF Frank, M Briand, JP Labov, SE AF Niedermayr, T Friedrich, S Cunningham, MF Frank, M Briand, JP Labov, SE BE Porter, FS McCammon, D Galeazzi, M Stahle, CK TI X-ray spectroscopy of ion-surface interactions using superconducting tunnel junctions SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP NASA Gooddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV WISCONSIN ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; RESOLUTION; ENERGY AB We have conducted low energy X-ray spectroscopy of ion/surface interactions with superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detectors. The STJ detectors (Nb-Al-AlOx-Al-Nb) developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have a high energy resolution and a high count-rate capability. The detectors are operated in an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator with 60 mK base temperature at the end of a 40 cm long cold finger, which can be inserted into a UHV sample chamber connected to an ion source. We have studied the interaction of Ar9+, O7+, N6+ and C5+ with various targets (Au, SiH and SiO2) at a kinetic energy of 10 keV/q. The resolution of 12-15 eV below I keV allows the different satellite lines emitted by these ions to be separated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Niedermayr, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-418, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0049-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 605 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU53Q UT WOS:000176260300083 ER PT S AU Sadoulet, B AF Sadoulet, B BE Porter, FS McCammon, D Galeazzi, M Stahle, CK TI Cosmology and low temperature detectors SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP NASA Gooddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV WISCONSIN AB We review sonic of the most central questions of cosmology: the flatness of space, dark matter, dark energy, structure formation, and the origins of the universe. We describe the specific role that low temperature detectors have already played and could play in the future and how they are complementary to other technologies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sadoulet, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0049-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 605 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU53Q UT WOS:000176260300132 ER PT S AU Kobayashi, MN Hasebe, N Miyachi, T Doke, T Kikuchi, J Okada, H Oka, A Okudaira, O Souri, H Yamashita, N Shibamura, E Kashiwagi, T Takashima, T Narasaki, K Tsurumi, K Mori, K d'Uston, C Maurice, S Grande, M Reedy, RC AF Kobayashi, MN Hasebe, N Miyachi, T Doke, T Kikuchi, J Okada, H Oka, A Okudaira, O Souri, H Yamashita, N Shibamura, E Kashiwagi, T Takashima, T Narasaki, K Tsurumi, K Mori, K d'Uston, C Maurice, S Grande, M Reedy, RC BE Foing, BH Heather, DJ TI High-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometer with stirling cycle cryocooler SO LUNAR EXPLORATION 2000 SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT B0 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission B held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP European Space Agcy, Comm Space Res ID LUNAR PROSPECTOR; ICE AB The Japanese lunar polar orbiter SELENE carries a gamma-ray spectrometer which uses a high-purity Ge detector cooled to 80-90 K by a Stirling mechanical cooler. The Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) consists of a large volume n-type Ge detector (252 cc) as the main detector and bismuth-germanate (BGO) and plastic scintillators as an active shielding. The engineering model still maintains excellent energy resolution even after severe vibration testing. The Gamma-Ray Spectrometer will globally map of the Moon for the major elements of O, Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Fe, etc. and natural radioisotopes of K, Th and U with a high precision. The energy resolution of the GRS is such that it would identify prompt gamma-ray line from hydrogen and the location and the amount of ice, if it exists at the polar regions. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Saitama Prefectural Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Saitama, Japan. Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Yakohama, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd, Niihama Works, Niihama, Ehime, Japan. Clear Pulse Ltd, Ohta Ku, Tokyo 1430024, Japan. UPS, CNRS, CESR, F-31062 Toulouse, France. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Dedicot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kobayashi, MN (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1 Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. RI Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013; OI Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618; Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1927 EP 1931 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00490-8 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00490-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV98N UT WOS:000180590600010 ER PT J AU Garrett, JT Lin, JS Runt, J AF Garrett, JT Lin, JS Runt, J TI Influence of preparation conditions on microdomain formation in poly(urethane urea) block copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS; PHASE-SEPARATION; HARD SEGMENTS; MORPHOLOGY; LENGTH; FTIR AB Selected poly(urethane urea) block copolymers were prepared under different conditions and their microphase-separated morphologies analyzed primarily with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Preparation conditions were varied by adjusting the temperature and vacuum pressure during solution casting. Copolymers with relatively high hard segment contents prepared under "low" vacuum conditions, where solvent is removed comparatively slowly and the copolymers spend a longer period of time in the presence of a plasticizer (i.e., solvent), produced films with higher degrees of phase separation. The longer casting times associated with the low vacuum pressure conditions also resulted in larger mean interdomain spacings. We speculate that this may be due to secondary hard domain coalescence. Attenuated total reflectance FT-IR and wide-angle X-ray diffraction experiments were performed, but these were not sensitive to the microdomain organization of these copolymers. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Runt, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI He, Yong/F-8752-2012 NR 31 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1021/ma010915d PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 507JG UT WOS:000173023200023 ER PT J AU Beck, B Plant, DH Grant, SC Thelwall, PE Silver, X Mareci, TH Benveniste, H Smith, M Collins, C Crozier, S Blackband, SJ AF Beck, B Plant, DH Grant, SC Thelwall, PE Silver, X Mareci, TH Benveniste, H Smith, M Collins, C Crozier, S Blackband, SJ TI Progress in high field MRI at the University of Florida SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the International-Society-for-Magnetic-Resonance-in-Medicine CY FEB 23-25, 2001 CL CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OHIO SP Int Soc Magnet Resonance Med HO CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV DE high field MRI; University of Florida; signal-to-noise ratio ID NMR; SPECTROSCOPY AB In this article we report on progress in high magnetic field MRI at the University of Florida in support of our new 750MHz wide bore and 11.7T/40cm MR instruments. The primary emphasis is on the associated rf technology required, particularly high frequency volume and phased array coils. Preliminary imaging results at 750MHz are presented. Our results imply that the pursuit of even higher fields seems warranted. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Struct Biol, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, SUNY SB Med Dept, Dept Anesthesiol, New York, NY USA. Penn State Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Hershey, PA USA. Univ Queensland, Ctr Magnet Resonance, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Blackband, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. RI Crozier, Stuart/C-4981-2013; Grant, Samuel/D-8744-2013 OI Grant, Samuel/0000-0001-7738-168X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR016105, P41 RR16105]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB000454]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS36992, P01 NS35702, R01 NS036992] NR 18 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8661 J9 MAGN RESON MATER PHY JI Magn. Reson. Mat. Phys. Biol. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 152 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S1352-8661(01)00140-5 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 512HM UT WOS:000173319000004 PM 11755090 ER PT S AU Smith, MS Meyer, RA AF Smith, MS Meyer, RA BE Aprahamian, A Cizewski, JA Pittel, S Zamfir, NV TI Nuclear data strategies for mapping the cosmos SO MAPPING THE TRIANGLE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Structure Mapping the Triangle CY MAY 22-25, 2002 CL GRAND TETON NATL PK, WY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Yale Univ, Phys Dept, Inst Phys AB Significant advances are being made in understanding the structure of nuclei, especially those far from stability. The information from many such studies is vital to solving some important puzzles in astrophysics, such as the origin of the elements and the evolution of stars. However, dedicated efforts in data compilation, evaluation, dissemination, and coordination are needed to ensure that the latest nuclear measurements and theoretical calculations can be effectively utilized for astrophysics studies. A number of nuclear data strategies for astrophysics are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0093-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 638 BP 131 EP 132 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV62T UT WOS:000179580700022 ER PT S AU Rykaczewski, KP Grzywacz, RK Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Gross, CJ Fong, D Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Hausladen, P Hwang, JK Karny, A Krolas, W Larochelle, Y Lewis, TA Maier, KH McConnell, JW Piechaczek, A Tantawy, MN Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Shapira, D Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF Kruppa, AT Nazarewicz, W Vertse, T Hagino, K AF Rykaczewski, KP Grzywacz, RK Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Gross, CJ Fong, D Hamilton, JH Hartley, DJ Hausladen, P Hwang, JK Karny, A Krolas, W Larochelle, Y Lewis, TA Maier, KH McConnell, JW Piechaczek, A Tantawy, MN Ramayya, AV Rykaczewski, K Shapira, D Winger, JA Yu, CH Zganjar, EF Kruppa, AT Nazarewicz, W Vertse, T Hagino, K BE Aprahamian, A Cizewski, JA Pittel, S Zamfir, NV TI Fine structure in proton emission SO MAPPING THE TRIANGLE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Structure Mapping the Triangle CY MAY 22-25, 2002 CL GRAND TETON NATL PK, WY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Yale Univ, Phys Dept, Inst Phys ID NPNN SCHEME; EMITTERS; DECAY; RADIOACTIVITY; NUCLEI; HO-141 AB Deformations and wave functions of proton-radioactive nuclei are studied using measured fine structure properties of proton emission and microscopic theoretical models. The experimental data are available for Eu-131 and Tm-145 decays, as well as for Ho-141gs, where an observation of fine structure in proton emission is reported for the first time. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rykaczewski, KP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011; Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0093-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 638 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV62T UT WOS:000179580700025 ER PT S AU Ginocchio, JN AF Ginocchio, JN BE Aprahamian, A Cizewski, JA Pittel, S Zamfir, NV TI Pseudospin symmetry: A relativistic symmetry in nuclei SO MAPPING THE TRIANGLE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Structure Mapping the Triangle CY MAY 22-25, 2002 CL GRAND TETON NATL PK, WY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Yale Univ, Phys Dept, Inst Phys ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS; TRANSITIONS; POTENTIALS; SCATTERING; ALIGNMENT AB We briefly review the evidence that pseudospin symmetry is an SU(2) symmetry of the Dirac Hamiltonian. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0093-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 638 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV62T UT WOS:000179580700032 ER PT S AU Becker, JA AF Becker, JA BE Aprahamian, A Cizewski, JA Pittel, S Zamfir, NV TI Nuclear excitation by electronic transition - NEET SO MAPPING THE TRIANGLE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Structure Mapping the Triangle CY MAY 22-25, 2002 CL GRAND TETON NATL PK, WY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Yale Univ, Phys Dept, Inst Phys AB Experiments seeking to demonstrate nuclear excitation induced by synchrotron radiation have been enabled by the development of intense synchrotron radiation. The phenomena has been demonstrated in Au-197, while realistic upper limits for Os-189 have been established. These new experiments report probabilities for NEET which are orders of magnitude below earlier experiments. A new experiment to measure atomic-nuclear mixing in Os-189 is described. The experimental claim of NEET in isomeric Hf-178 is not credible. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Becker, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0093-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 638 BP 199 EP 203 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV62T UT WOS:000179580700033 ER PT S AU Janssens, RVF AF Janssens, RVF BE Aprahamian, A Cizewski, JA Pittel, S Zamfir, NV TI Octupole effects at super and normal deformation SO MAPPING THE TRIANGLE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Structure Mapping the Triangle CY MAY 22-25, 2002 CL GRAND TETON NATL PK, WY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Yale Univ, Phys Dept, Inst Phys ID SUPERDEFORMED BANDS; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; EXCITED BANDS; HIGH-SPIN; NUCLEI; HG-190; DY-152; PARITY AB This presentation deals with recent results on the onset of octupole collectivity in superdeformed nuclei of the A similar to 190 and A similar to 150 regions as well as in actinide nuclei at normal deformation. It is shown that most of the properties of these negative parity sequences can be understood in terms of Random Phase Approximation (RPA) calculations, although the observations in some Pu isotopes continue to be a challenge to interpret. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Janssens, RVF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0093-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 638 BP 205 EP 212 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV62T UT WOS:000179580700034 ER PT S AU Fotiades, N Cizewski, JA Krucken, R Clark, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Becker, JA McNabb, DP Younes, W Bernstein, LA AF Fotiades, N Cizewski, JA Krucken, R Clark, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Becker, JA McNabb, DP Younes, W Bernstein, LA BE Aprahamian, A Cizewski, JA Pittel, S Zamfir, NV TI High-spin states in neutron-rich Rh isotopes SO MAPPING THE TRIANGLE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Structure Mapping the Triangle CY MAY 22-25, 2002 CL GRAND TETON NATL PK, WY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Yale Univ, Phys Dept, Inst Phys AB High-spin states in the neutron-rich Rh-106,Rh-108,Rh-110,Rh-111,Rh-112 isotopes have been investigated in the fission of the compound system formed in three heavy-ion induced reactions. Four bands were assigned to (106,108,110,112) Rh, respectively. Comparison with the lighter odd-odd Rh isotopes supports the assignment of the bands to the pig(9/2) circle times vh(11/2) configuration. In Rh-111 the level scheme consists of two rotational bands. In the ground-state band the odd-proton occupies the pig(9/2) orbital. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fotiades, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0093-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 638 BP 237 EP 238 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV62T UT WOS:000179580700041 ER PT S AU Page, PR AF Page, PR BE Aprahamian, A Cizewski, JA Pittel, S Zamfir, NV TI Which dynamical symmetries does the Dirac equation have? SO MAPPING THE TRIANGLE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Structure Mapping the Triangle CY MAY 22-25, 2002 CL GRAND TETON NATL PK, WY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Yale Univ, Phys Dept, Inst Phys AB It is known that the Dirac equation has two dynamical symmetries, spin and pseudospin symmetry. Both are approximately realised in nature: spin symmetry in heavy-light mesons and pseudospin symmetry in nuclei. We prove that the spin and pseudospin symmetries axe the only symmetries of their type that is possible for a parity conserving Dirac equation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011; Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0093-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 638 BP 251 EP 252 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV62T UT WOS:000179580700048 ER PT B AU Barrett, CL Marathe, MV Engelhart, DC Sivasubramaniam, A AF Barrett, CL Marathe, MV Engelhart, DC Sivasubramaniam, A BE Boukerche, A Das, SK Majumdar, S TI Analyzing the short-term fairness of IEEE 802.11 in wireless multi-hop radio networks SO MASCOTS 2002: 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MODELING, ANALYSIS, AND SIMULATION OF COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems (MASCOTS 2002) CY OCT 11-16, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Simulat, ACM SIGSIM, ACM SIGARCH AB We extensively analyze the short (and long) term fairness performance of wireless ad hoc networks. The primary goal of our study was to investigate how multi-hop routing in an ad hoc network would affect the fairness of the MAC layer Recently the fairness of the MAC layer of such systems has been studied. We demonstrate that higher-level protocols must also be considered when studying fairness. We analyze the behavior of a network using DSR and DSDV as an ad hoc routing protocol. The MAC layer used was IEEE 802.11. The study is carried out for a wide range of independent parameters. These include: (i) network topology, (ii) the number of connections and their spatial location and (iii) the injection rate and burstiness of individual connections. We also studied the correlation between fairness and reception ratio. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barrett, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1840-0 PY 2002 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1109/MASCOT.2002.1167070 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV46F UT WOS:000179050500015 ER PT B AU Canalizo, G Stockton, A AF Canalizo, G Stockton, A BE Crenshaw, DM Karemer, SB George, IM TI Low-ionization BAL QSOs in ultraluminous infrared systems SO MASS OUTFLOW IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mass Outflow in Active Galactic Nuclei: New Perspectives CY MAR 08-10, 2001 CL CATHOLIC UNIV AMER, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO CATHOLIC UNIV AMER ID BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; IRAS-07598+6508; GALAXIES; EMISSION; SPECTRUM AB Low-ionization broad absorption line (BAL) QSOs present properties that cannot generally be explained by simple orientation effects. We have conducted a deep spectroscopic and imaging study of the host galaxies of the only four BAL QSOs that are currently known at z < 0.4, and found that all four objects reside in dusty, starburst or post-starburst, merging systems. The starburst ages derived from modeling the stellar populations axe in every case a few hundred million years or younger. There is strong evidence that the ongoing mergers triggered both the starbursts and the nuclear activity, thus indicating that the QSOs have been recently triggered or rejuvenated. The low-ionization BAL phenomenon then appears to be directly related to young systems, and it may represent a short-lived stage in the early life of a large fraction of QSOs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, 7000 East Ave,L413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM canalizo@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-095-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 255 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU68L UT WOS:000176705100034 ER PT S AU Johnson, SG Simmons, JA AF Johnson, SG Simmons, JA BE Wehrspohn, RB Marz, R Noda, S Soukoulis, C TI Materials for solid state lighting SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONICS AND MICROPHOTONICS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Materials and Devices for Optoelectronics and Photonics/Photonic Crystals - From Materials to Devices held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID EXTERNAL-QUANTUM-EFFICIENCY; EMITTING-DIODES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; THIN-FILM; GROWTH; EMISSION; DEVICES; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; SUBSTRATE; CRYSTALS AB Dramatic improvement in the efficiency of inorganic and organic light emitting diodes (LEDs and OLEDs) within the last decade has made these devices viable future energy efficient replacements for current light sources. However, both technologies must overcome major technical barriers, requiring significant advances in material science, before this goal can be achieved. Attention will be given to each technology associated with the following major areas of material research: 1) material synthesis, 2) process development, 3) device and defect physics, and 4) packaging. dThe discussion on material synthesis will emphasize the need for further development of component materials, including substrates and electrodes, necessary for improving device performance. The process technology associated with the LEDs and OLEDs is very different, but in both cases it is one factor limiting device performance. Improvements in process control and methodology are expected to lead to additional benefits of higher yield, greater reliability and lower costs. Since reliability and performance are critical to these devices, an understanding of the basic physics of the devices and device failure mechanisms is necessary to effectively improve the product. The discussion will highlight some of the more basic material science problems remaining to be solved. In addition, consideration will be given to packaging technology and the need for the development of novel materials and geometries to increase the efficiencies and reliability of the devices. The discussion will emphasize the performance criteria necessary to meet lighting applications, in order to illustrate the gap between current status and market expectations for future product. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-658-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 722 BP 53 EP 64 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV34S UT WOS:000178623500008 ER PT S AU Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Yun, F Morkoc, H Sone, C Park, SS Lee, KY AF Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Yun, F Morkoc, H Sone, C Park, SS Lee, KY BE Wehrspohn, RB Marz, R Noda, S Soukoulis, C TI Microstructures of GaN and InxGa1-xN films grown by MOCVD on freestanding GaN templates SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONICS AND MICROPHOTONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Materials and Devices for Optoelectronics and Photonics/Photonic Crystals - From Materials to Devices held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; X-RAY; LAYERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEPOSITION; REDUCTION AB We summarize structural properties of thick HVPE GaN templates from the point of view of their application as substrates for growth of nitride layers. This is followed by the results of optical and structural studies, mostly transmission electron microscopy, of nitride layers grown by MOCVD on top of the HVPE substrates. The results indicate high structural quality of these layers with a low density of threading dislocations (in the range of 10(6) cm(-2)). Convergent beam electron diffraction studies showed that the MOCVD GaN films have Ga-polarity, the same polarity as the HVPE GaN substrates. Structural studies of an InGaN layer grown on top of the MOCVD GaN film showed the presence of two layers, which differed in lattice parameter and composition. The upper layer, on the top of the structure had a c-lattice parameter about 2% larger than that of GaN and contained 10.3 +/- 0.8% of In. Values measured for the thinner, intermediate layer adjacent to the GaN layer were about 2.5 times lower. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jasinski, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-658-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 722 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV34S UT WOS:000178623500011 ER PT S AU Shapiro, NA Feick, H Hong, W Gardner, NF Goetz, WK Yang, JW Weber, ER AF Shapiro, NA Feick, H Hong, W Gardner, NF Goetz, WK Yang, JW Weber, ER BE Wehrspohn, RB Marz, R Noda, S Soukoulis, C TI Luminescence energy and carrier lifetime as a function of applied biaxial strain in InGaN/GaN quantum-well structures SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONICS AND MICROPHOTONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Materials and Devices for Optoelectronics and Photonics/Photonic Crystals - From Materials to Devices held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Photoluminescence (PL) and Time-resolved PL (TR-PL) are used to measure the luminescence energy and carrier lifetime of InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) structures as a function of biaxial strain and excitation density. A blueshift of the transition energy and a decrease in the carrier lifetime reveal a field-dependent spatial electron-hole (e-h) wavefunction separation. This behavior is observed both under the application of tensile, biaxial strain, which directly affects the piezo-related field, and under increased excitation density, which effectively screens the electric field. Our results show an increased carrier separation with increasing QW thickness. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shapiro, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-658-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 722 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV34S UT WOS:000178623500013 ER PT S AU Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Estrada, S Hu, E AF Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Estrada, S Hu, E BE Wehrspohn, RB Marz, R Noda, S Soukoulis, C TI Transmission electron microscopy studies of electrical active GaAs/GaN interface obtained by wafer bonding SO MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR OPTOELECTRONICS AND MICROPHOTONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Materials and Devices for Optoelectronics and Photonics/Photonic Crystals - From Materials to Devices held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID DIRECTLY BONDED GAAS; INP; SAPPHIRE AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies of GaAs/GaN interfaces, obtained by direct wafer bonding, are presented. TEM observations show that most of the interface area was well bonded. A thin oxide layer, confirmed by EDX, was present at the interface in the well-bonded regions. Plan-view TEM studies showed the presence of two dislocation networks in such regions. They formed to accommodate: (1) tilt between bonded crystals and (2) strain, which appeared during sample cooling due to mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients. Asymmetrical, often elongated, cavities, formed on the GaAs side, were present at the interface between the well-bonded regions. It was shown by EDX that the walls of these cavities are covered with native oxide. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jasinski, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-658-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 722 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV34S UT WOS:000178623500028 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Lin, HT AF Schneibel, JH Lin, HT TI Creep properties of molybdenum silicide intermetallics containing boron SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE creep; molybdenum silicide intermetallics; boron ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR; MO AB Alloys with the nominal composition Mo-12Si-8.5B (at. %) were prepared by arc-melting and drop casting. They consisted of approximately 38 vol% alpha-Mo in a brittle matrix of Mo3Si and Mo5SiB2. Screening tests were carried out to assess their oxidation resistance. Their high temperature strength was investigated in tensile creep (constant applied stress) and in compression (constant applied cross-head speed) at temperatures ranging from about 1200 to 1400degreesC and stresses ranging from 50 to 540 MPa. A phenomenological creep equation describing the creep strength of this material was derived. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA PO BOX 81,, NORTHWOOD HA6 3DN, MIDDX, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 550HA UT WOS:000175496500004 ER PT S AU Benedek, R Vaughey, JT AF Benedek, R Vaughey, JT BE Manthiram, A Kumta, PN Sundaram, SK Ceder, G TI Modeling and design of intermetallic electrodes for lithium batteries SO MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 103rd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; AB-INITIO; SOLID-STATE; INSERTION ELECTRODES; LI; ALLOYS; TIN AB Intermetallic compounds are being investigated as a possible alternative to carbonaceous materials as anodes in lithium batteries. Upon lithium insertion, intermetallic compounds undergo two basic types of reactions, addition (to form a ternary compound) and displacement (in which Li substitutes for the less active element, which is extruded). The displacement reaction is unique to compounds and does not occur in pure metal electrodes. Theoretical modeling of the thermodynamics and kinetics of such reactions is discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-135-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 127 BP 235 EP 248 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BW33M UT WOS:000181620900024 ER PT S AU Guidotti, RA Irvin, DJ Even, WR Gross, K AF Guidotti, RA Irvin, DJ Even, WR Gross, K BE Schwarz, RB Ceder, G Ringel, SA TI Preparation and characterization of tin/carbon composites for lithium-ion cells SO MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE, GENERATION AND TRANSPORT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Energy Storage, Generation and Transport held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab AB A number of Sn/C composites were prepared for evaluation as anode materials for Li-ion cells. In one case, samples were prepared by incorporation of Sn species into organic precursors that were then pyrolyzed under an Ar/H-2 cover gas to prepare the Sn/C composites. They were also prepared by decoration of various types of carbon with nanoparticles of Sn by electroless deposition using hydrazine. The carbons examined included a disordered carbon prepared in house from poly(methacrylonitrile), a mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) carbon, and a platelet graphite. The Sn/C composites were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and were also analyzed for Sn content. They were then tested as anodes in three-electrode cells against Li metal using 1M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) solution. The best overall electrochemical performance was obtained with a Sn/C composite made by electroless deposition of 10% Sn onto platelet graphite. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Guidotti, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-666-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 730 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BV85T UT WOS:000180245500004 ER PT S AU Curtis, CJ Rivkin, T Miedaner, A Alleman, J Perkins, J Smith, L Ginley, DS AF Curtis, CJ Rivkin, T Miedaner, A Alleman, J Perkins, J Smith, L Ginley, DS BE Schwarz, RB Ceder, G Ringel, SA TI Direct-write printing of silver metallizations on silicon solar cells SO MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE, GENERATION AND TRANSPORT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Energy Storage, Generation and Transport held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab AB Direct-write technologies offer the potential for low-cost materials-efficient deposition of contact metallizations for photovoltaics. We report on the inkjet printing of metal organic decomposition (MOD) inks with and without nanoparticle additions, Near-bulk conductivity of printed and sprayed metal films has been achieved for Ag and Ag nanocomposites. Good adhesion and ohmic contacts with a measured contact resistance of 400 muOmega.cm(2) have been observed between the sprayed silver films and a heavily doped n-type layer of Si. Silver deposited using the MOD ink bums through the Si3N4 antireflection coating when annealed at 850degreesC to form an ohmic contact to the n-Si underneath. An active solar cell device was fabricated using a top contact that was spray printed using the Ag MOD ink. Inkjet printed films show adhesion differences as a function of the process temperature and solvent. Silver lines with good adhesion and conductivity have been printed on glass with 100 mum resolution. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Curtis, CJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-666-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 730 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BV85T UT WOS:000180245500013 ER PT S AU Jankowski, AF Hayes, JP Graff, RT Morse, JD AF Jankowski, AF Hayes, JP Graff, RT Morse, JD BE Schwarz, RB Ceder, G Ringel, SA TI Micro-fabricated thin-film fuel cells for portable power requirements SO MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE, GENERATION AND TRANSPORT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Energy Storage, Generation and Transport held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab AB Fuel cells have gained renewed interest for applications in portable power since the energy is stored in a separate reservoir of fuel rather than as an integral part of the power source, as is the case with batteries. While miniaturized fuel cells have been demonstrated for the low power regime (1-20 Watts), numerous issues still must be resolved prior to deployment for applications as a replacement for batteries. As traditional fuel cell designs are scaled down in both power output and physical footprint, several issues impact the operation, efficiency, and overall performance of the fuel cell system. These issues include fuel storage, fuel delivery, system startup, peak power requirements, cell stacking, and thermal management. The combination of thin-film deposition and micro-machining materials offers potential advantages with respect to stack size and weight, flow field and manifold structures, fuel storage, and thermal management. The micro-fabrication technologies that enable material and fuel flexibility through a modular fuel cell platform will be described along with experimental results from both solid oxide and proton exchange membrane, thin-film fuel cells. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jankowski, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-666-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 730 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BV85T UT WOS:000180245500015 ER PT S AU Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW Dai, JX Reiner, DE AF Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW Dai, JX Reiner, DE BE Schwarz, RB Ceder, G Ringel, SA TI Preparation and characterization of nanostructured FeS2 and CoS2 for high-temperature batteries SO MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE, GENERATION AND TRANSPORT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Energy Storage, Generation and Transport held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab ID PYRITE AB In this paper, we report on the preparation of synthetic FeS2 and CoS2 using a relatively inexpensive aqueous process. This avoids the material and handling difficulties associated with a high-temperature approach. An aqueous approach also allows ready scale-up to a pilot-plant size facility. The FeS2 and CoS2 were characterized with respect to their physical and chemical properties. The synthetic disulfides were incorporated into catholyte mixes for testing in single cells and batteries over a range of temperatures. The results of these tests are presented and compared to the performance of natural FeS2 (pyrite) and a commercial source of CoS2. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Guidotti, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-666-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 730 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BV85T UT WOS:000180245500033 ER PT S AU Christen, DK Cantoni, C Thompson, JR Paranthaman, M Chisholm, MF Kerchner, HR Christen, HM AF Christen, DK Cantoni, C Thompson, JR Paranthaman, M Chisholm, MF Kerchner, HR Christen, HM BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Superconducting properties of high-J(c) MgB2 coatings SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID FILMS AB We report the fabrication and superconducting properties of similar to0.5 mum thick, fine-grained polycrystalline coatings of MgB2 on single-crystal substrate surfaces. The films exhibit large critical current densities, implying little effect from the grain boundaries. Analyses for thermal activation effects are inconclusive, and evidence is presented that the irreversibility line is dominated by the combined influences of H-c2 anisotropy and polycrystallinity. Comparative studies of the magnetic persistent currents and electrical transport properties reveal excellent agreement over a wide range of temperature and magnetic field. This result is contrary to similar comparisons on high-temperature cuprates, where disparities arise from the effects of large flux creep and the diverse electric field regimes probed by the two techniques. The MgB2 films exhibit extremely sharp voltage-current relations away from the irreversibility line, in qualitative agreement with observed large J(c) values and low rates of magnetic flux creep. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Christen, DK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300003 ER PT S AU Serquis, A Schulze, R Zhu, YT Coulter, JY Peterson, DE Moreno, NO Pagliuso, PG Indrakanti, SS Nesterenko, VF Mueller, FM AF Serquis, A Schulze, R Zhu, YT Coulter, JY Peterson, DE Moreno, NO Pagliuso, PG Indrakanti, SS Nesterenko, VF Mueller, FM BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Synthesis, characterization and ageing of MgB2 SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES AB We studied the influence of sample preparation and defects in the superconducting properties samples using atomic ratios of Mg:B= 1:1 and Mg:B=1:2. Samples were characterized by SEM, and XRD, and the magnetization properties were examined in a SQUID magnetometer. The presence of Mg vacancies was determined by Rietveld analysis. Most of the samples exhibited sharp superconducting transitions with Tcs between 37 - 39 K. We found a strong correlation between the crystal strain and the Tc. This strain was related to the presence of Mg vacancies. In addition, results showed that some samples degraded with time when exposed to ambient conditions. In these samples the Tc did not change with time, but the superconducting transition became broader and the Meissner fraction decreased. This effect was only present in samples with poor connectivity between grains and smaller grain sizes. The degradation was related to a surface decomposition as observed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. No correlation was found between this effect and the presence of Mg vacancies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Serquis, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Superconduct Technol Ctr, MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300006 ER PT S AU Holesinger, TG AF Holesinger, TG BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI The early stages of the microstructural development of the colony structure in Bi-2223 tapes SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID PHASE-FORMATION; SHEATHED TAPES; DIFFRACTION; MECHANISM; PLATELETS; KINETICS AB The current protocol for processing (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-x (Bi-2223) multifilamentary tapes involves the in situ formation of the primary phase from a suitable mixture of precursor phases. As such, the developments during the first few minutes of heat treatment determine to a large extent the efficiency of primary phase development, competing secondary phase development, texture evolution, and grain-to-grain connectivity. This work documents the development of the liquid phase, secondary phases, defects which may affect alignment and reaction kinetics, and the precipitation of Bi-2223 from the liquid phase. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holesinger, TG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300008 ER PT S AU Chen, J Bhattacharya, R Padmanabhan, R Blaugher, R AF Chen, J Bhattacharya, R Padmanabhan, R Blaugher, R BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Preparation of Bi-2212/Ag tapes by electrodeposition SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; FILMS AB Bi-2212 precursor films were deposited on both sides of polycrystalline Ag tapes by electrodeposition. After a melt-solidification process in flowing oxygen atmosphere, c-axis textured Bi-2212 films with J(c) (0T, 4.2K) up to 820,000 A/cm(2) were obtained. A post annealing in flowing nitrogen at 475degreesC for 25 minutes increased T-c from 72 K to 92 K, and J(c)(H=0T) > 17, 000A/cm(2) was observed at 60 K. No scaling behavior of the pinning force was observed, indicating more than one pinning mechanism in thus obtained Bi-2212/Ag tapes. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300015 ER PT S AU Kerchner, HR Cantoni, C Paranthaman, M Christen, DK Christen, HM Thompson, JR AF Kerchner, HR Cantoni, C Paranthaman, M Christen, DK Christen, HM Thompson, JR BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Heavy-ion damage to magnesium diboride films: Electrical transport-current characterization SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; THIN-FILMS AB The use of magnesium diboride in superconducting magnets, transmission lines, or other large-scale applications depends on the transport-current characteristics of this material in magnetic field, and how they compare to the properties of conventional and high-temperature superconductors. Thin films of boron grown on sapphire substrates during electron-beam evaporation were exposed to Mg vapor to produce 0.5-mum thick layers of the metallic compound MgB2. Four-terminal measurements of their voltage-current relations, E(J), were carried out before and after exposure to B-phi=1-T and higher doses of 1-Gev U ions. These doses lowered critical temperatures T(c)approximate to39 K less than 0.1 degree, raised the normal-state resistivity, and reduced the loss-free critical current density, J, Higher doses added little. The reduction of current densities was greater in the presence of applied magnetic field greater than 0.1 T. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kerchner, HR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300018 ER PT S AU Hawsey, RA AF Hawsey, RA BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Overview of US department of energy superconductivity program for electric power SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THICK-FILMS; DEPOSITION; TAPES AB A top priority of the U.S. government is to improve the energy delivery infrastructure. According to the report issued May 2001 by the National Energy Policy Development (NEPD) Group, "For the electricity we need, we must be ambitious. Transmission grids stand in need of repair, upgrading, and expansion...if we put these connections in place, we'll go a long way to avoiding future blackouts." Superconductivity is such an important aspect of our nation's energy future that we should "...expand the Department's research and development on transmission reliability and superconductivity." Prototype superconducting power cables that will help upgrade our power grid when commercialized later this decade are being demonstrated today in Carrollton, Georgia and Detroit, Michigan. Much research remains, however, if the superconducting wires are to have the electrical performance and low-cost features necessary for U.S. companies to fully commercialize new transmission cables that will help eliminate the bottlenecks in urban areas. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) leads the U.S. national effort to develop high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires and to demonstrate prototype electric power applications using the best wires available today. The industry-led Second Generation Wire Initiative is exploiting breakthroughs at the national laboratories that promise unprecedented current carrying capacity in HTS wires at lower cost than first-generation "BSCCO" wires. Some of the recent progress in the U.S. development of HTS "coated conductors" and in fielding prototype applications is presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hawsey, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300029 ER PT S AU Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Sathyamurthy, S Kang, BW Beach, DB Vallet, CE Specht, ED Lee, DF Feenstra, R Goyal, A Kroeger, DM Leonard, KJ Martin, PM Christen, DK AF Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Sathyamurthy, S Kang, BW Beach, DB Vallet, CE Specht, ED Lee, DF Feenstra, R Goyal, A Kroeger, DM Leonard, KJ Martin, PM Christen, DK BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI High-J(c) YBCO coatings on reel-to-reel dip-coated Gd2O3 seed buffer layers epitaxially fabricated on biaxially textured Ni and Ni-(3at%W-1.7at%Fe) alloy tapes SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID GROWTH; FILMS AB A low-cost, non-vacuum reel-to reel dip-coating system has been used to continuously fabricate epitaxial Gd2O3 buffer layers on mechanically strengthened, biaxially textured Ni-(3at.%W-1.7at%Fe), defined as Ni-alloy, metal tapes. X-ray diffraction analysis of the seed Gd2O3 layers indicated that well textured films can be obtained at processing temperatures (T-p) between I 100 and 1175degreesC. Processing speed did not significantly affect the crystalline quality of the Gd2O3. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a continuous, dense and crack-free surface morphology for these dip-coated buffers. The Gd2O3 layer thickness led to remarkable differences in the growth characteristics of the subsequent YSZ and CeO2 layers deposited by rf-magnetron sputtering. Epitaxial YBCO films grown by pulsed laser deposition on the short prototype CeO2/YSZ/Gd2O3/Ni-(3at%W-1.7at%Fe) conductors yielded self-field critical current densities (J(c)) as high as 1.2x10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K. Pure Ni tapes were used to asses the viability of dip-coated buffers for long length coated conductor fabrication. The YBCO films, grown on 80 cm long and I cm wide CeO2/YSZ/Gd2O3 buffered Ni tapes by the industrially scalable ex-situ BaF2 precursor process, exhibited end-to-end self-field J(c) of 6.25x10(5) A/cm(2) at 77 K. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Aytug, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 211 EP 216 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300030 ER PT S AU Tang, YL Miller, DJ Ma, B Koritala, RE Balachandran, U AF Tang, YL Miller, DJ Ma, B Koritala, RE Balachandran, U BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Structure characteristics of ISD coated conductors SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID BUFFER LAYERS; EPITAXIAL DEPOSITION; FILMS; CEO2 AB The inclined-substrate deposition (ISD) method for growth of biaxially textured MgO is of interest due to its applications in coated conductors based on high-temperature superconductor (HTS). The ISD method is especially attractive since it offers the potential to produce a high-quality biaxially textured layer in a simple and efficient process. In this work, YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) coated conductors based on two-step deposited MgO buffer layers (ISD and homo-epitaxial) on Hastelloy tapes were examined by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) to study both the structure of individual layers and, especially, the interfaces between them. Special attention was paid to the MgO buffer layer because of its importance to biaxial YBCO formation TEM investigation shows the MgO [111] direction is not parallel to the substrate normal but tilted slightly toward the deposition direction. The second layer of MgO has a good epitaxial relationship with the first layer, while dislocations were found near the interface area of the MgO layers. Twin boundaries, which are in the (111) plane, were found between the ISD MgO columns. The multi-buffer layers gave better growth of epitaxial YBCO. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tang, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300035 ER PT S AU Specht, ED List, FA AF Specht, ED List, FA BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Texture by the kilometer SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID TAPES AB A novel x-ray diffractometer has been used to characterize the texture of 2 km of textured tape in segments up to 20 in long. Techniques have been developed for the study of the uniformity of texture and for the detection of second phases, deviations from cube texture, and the sharpness of cube texture, in metal substrates, oxide buffer layers, and YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) superconductors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Specht, ED (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300040 ER PT S AU Ayala, A Holesinger, TG Peterson, EJ Archuleta, M AF Ayala, A Holesinger, TG Peterson, EJ Archuleta, M BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Phase diagram studies in the SrO-CuO-TiO2 system; Applications to YBCO coated conductors SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; FILMS; MGO AB SrTiO3 (STO) is a Potential buffer layer material for use in YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) coated conductors based on the IBAD MgO process. However, the interactions with YBCO are not yet fully understood and little information exists in the way of phase diagrams, With this in mind, the tie-line between STO and SrCuO2 in the pseudo-ternary system SrO-CuO-TiO2 was investigated. Phase assemblages and compositions were determined by x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy in the temperature range of 1000degreesC to 1100degreesC in oxygen partial pressures of 1%, 10%, and 100%. Preliminary results showed that an appreciable amount of copper substitutes into the STO crystal structure. Conversely, Ti substitution into the SrCuO2 phase was not detected. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ayala, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300042 ER PT S AU Balachandran, U Ma, B Li, M Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Erck, RA Dorris, SE AF Balachandran, U Ma, B Li, M Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Erck, RA Dorris, SE BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Fabrication by inclined-substrate deposition of biaxially textured buffer layer for coated conductors SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID THIN-FILMS; MGO; BICRYSTALS AB Inclined substrate deposition (ISD) offers the potential for rapid production of high-quality biaxially textured buffer layers suitable for YBCO-coated conductors. We have grown biaxially textured MgO films by ISD at deposition rates of 20-100 Angstrom/sec. Columnar grain structures with a roof-tile-shaped surface were observed in the ISD-MgO films. X-ray pole figure analysis revealed that the (002) planes of the ISD-MgO films are titled at an angle from the substrate normal. A small phi-scan full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximate to9degrees was observed on MgO films deposited at an inclination angle of 55degrees. YBCO films were also grown on ISD-MgO-buffered Hastelloy C276 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. We obtained a critical current density of approximate to2 x 10(5) A/cm(2) at 77 K in self-field on 0.5-mum-thick, 0.5-cm-wide, 1-cm-long samples. This work has demonstrated that biaxially textured ISD MgO buffer layers deposited on metal substrates are promising candidates for fabrication of high-quality YBCO-coated conductors. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 303 EP 314 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300044 ER PT S AU Paranthaman, MP Aytug, T Zhai, HY Sathyamurthy, S Christen, HM Martin, PM Christen, DK Erickson, RE Thomas, CL AF Paranthaman, MP Aytug, T Zhai, HY Sathyamurthy, S Christen, HM Martin, PM Christen, DK Erickson, RE Thomas, CL BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Single buffer layer technology for YBCO coated conductors SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin AB In an effort to develop alternative single buffer layer technology for YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coated conductors, we have investigated LaMnO3 (LMO) as a potential buffer layer. High-quality LMO films were grown directly on biaxially textured Ni and Ni-W (3%) substrates using rf magnetron sputtering. YBCO films were then grown on LMO buffers using pulsed laser deposition. Detailed X-ray studies have shown that both YBCO and LMO layers were grown with a single epitaxial orientation. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) analyses have indicated the ratio of La to Mn ratio is 1:1. SEM micrographs indicated that 3000-Angstrom-thick LMO films on biaxially textured Ni (100) substrates were dense, continuous and crack-free. A high J(c) of over I MA/cm(2) at 77 K and self-field was obtained on YBCO films grown on LMO-buffered Ni or Ni-W substrates. We have identified LaMnO3 as a good diffusion barrier layer for Ni and it also provides a good template for growing high current density YBCO films. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paranthaman, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 2 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300046 ER PT S AU Holesinger, TG Gibbons, BJ Coulter, JY Foltyn, SR Groves, JR Arendt, PN AF Holesinger, TG Gibbons, BJ Coulter, JY Foltyn, SR Groves, JR Arendt, PN BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Engineered microstructures and transport properties in YBCO coated conductors SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID BUFFER LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; LASER DEPOSITION; YBA2CU3O7-X; GROWTH AB Each process used to deposit or make the bi-axially textured template, buffer layer(s), and the superconductor in a coated conductor creates interfaces along which defects or interfacial reactions may result. These defects can be additive and propagate through the entire film structure to affect the growth and properties of the superconducting film. Defects within the films and their corresponding transport properties have been correlated with the differences in the thickness of the underlying buffer layer material. This knowledge can be used to control and engineer the structure of the coated conductor to maximize critical current densities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holesinger, TG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300047 ER PT S AU Cantoni, C Christen, DK Goyal, A Heatherly, L Ownby, GW Zehner, DM Norton, DP Rouleau, CM Christen, HM AF Cantoni, C Christen, DK Goyal, A Heatherly, L Ownby, GW Zehner, DM Norton, DP Rouleau, CM Christen, HM BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Effect of sulfur surface structure on nucleation of oxide seed layers on textured metals for coated conductor applications SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID OXYGEN; FILMS; NICKEL AB We present a study of the {100}<100> biaxially textured Ni (001) surface and oxide seed layer nucleation by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. Our observations revealed the existence of a c(2x2) superstructure on the textured Ni surface due to segregation of sulfur contained in the bulk metal. The sulfur superstructure promotes the epitaxial (002) nucleation of seed layers such as Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) and CeO2 on the metal and optimizes the biaxial texture necessary for high J(c) superconductors on RABiTS. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cantoni, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 349 EP 354 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300049 ER PT S AU Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, M Kang, BW Zhai, HY Aytug, T Christen, HM Specht, ED Kowalewski, MM Goyal, A Martin, PM AF Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, M Kang, BW Zhai, HY Aytug, T Christen, HM Specht, ED Kowalewski, MM Goyal, A Martin, PM BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Fabrication of high J(c) YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors using sol-gel buffer layers on nickel and nickel alloy substrates SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin ID THIN-FILMS AB Sol-gel processing of La2Zr2O7 (LZO) buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-3 at.% W alloy substrates using a continuous reel-to-reel dip-coating unit has been studied. The epitaxial LZO films obtained have a strong cube texture and uniform microstructure. The effect of increasing the annealing speed on the texture, microstructure and the carbon content retained in the film were studied. On top of the LZO films, epitaxial layers of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and Ceria (CeO2) were deposited using rf sputtering, and YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) films were then deposited using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). A critical current density (J(c)) of 1.9 MA/cm(2) at 77K and self-field and 0.34 MA/cm(2) at 77K and 0.5T have been obtained on these films. These values are comparable to those obtained on YBCO films deposited on all-vacuum deposited buffer layers, and are the highest ever obtained using solution seed layers. The use of all-solution buffers for coated conductor processing has also been explored. A critical current density of 1.1 MA/cm(2) at 77 K and self-field was obtained on YBCO films grown be PLD on LZO buffered nickel substrates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sathyamurthy, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 357 EP 362 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300050 ER PT S AU Brown, GW Hawley, ME Peterson, EJ Coulter, JY Dowden, PC Arendt, PN Foltyn, SR Mueller, FM AF Brown, GW Hawley, ME Peterson, EJ Coulter, JY Dowden, PC Arendt, PN Foltyn, SR Mueller, FM BE Paranthaman, MP Rupich, MW Salama, K Mannhart, J Hasegawa, T TI Characterizing transport current defects in 1-cm-wide YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors SO MATERIALS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for High-Temperature Superconductor Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, ANL, IGC SuperPower, LANL, MicroCoating Tech, ORNLL, Univ Wisconsin AB We have used a low temperature magnetic imaging system to determine current pathways in 5 cm long "good" and "bad" regions of a 1-cm-wide YBa2Cu3O7-partial derivative Coated conductor. The good and bad regions were identified with 4 point probe measurements taken at I cm intervals along the tape length. The current density map from the good region showed the expected edge peaked structure, similar to that seen in previous work on high quality test samples grown on single crystal substrates. The structure was also consistent with theoretical understanding of thin film superconductors where demagnetizing effects are strong. The maps from the bad region showed that the current was primarily confined to the right half of the sample. The left half carried only a small current that reached saturation quickly. Effectively halving the sample width quantitatively explains the critical current measured in that section. Spatially resolved x-ray analysis with I mm resolution was used to farther characterize the bad section and suggested an abnormally large amount of a-axis YBCO present. This may be the result of non-uniform heating leading to a low deposition temperature in that area. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, GW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Struct Property Relat MST-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-625-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 689 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU84A UT WOS:000177163300053 ER PT S AU Lea, S Baer, D Paparazzo, E Northover, P Salter, C AF Lea, S Baer, D Paparazzo, E Northover, P Salter, C BE Vandiver, PB Goodway, M Mass, JL TI Achieving high spatial resolution in elemental mapping of metal samples from archaeological contexts SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Improving the characterisation of archaeological artifacts brings a need to understand better the relationships between composition, structure and properties. With archaeological material there is also a requirement to consider the effects of ageing and environmental interactions in altering the original structure and composition, both in the bulk and at the surface. However, curatorial constraints and, frequently, the condition of the objects preclude the sampling methods required for the most powerful means of structural analysis of materials, the high resolution transmission electron microscope. The samples normally available are small bulk samples and we must find other means of maximising spatial resolution in microchemical and micro structural analysis of both bulk and surface regions of the samples. This paper describes ways in which this is being achieved using the scanning proton microprobe (SPM) with both particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and Rutherford back scattered proton (RBS) spectra at resolutions down to ca. 1 mum, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) at 250-300nm, and scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) at resolutions of 10-20nm, but only from the surface layers of atoms in a sample. Examples will be given which demonstrate the contribution that each instrument can make, and that new and useful information is obtained each time resolution is increased. They will also show that structural features can be identified which are invisible to other microscopies. It will also be shown how modern PC-based software has greatly enhanced the mapping capability of all instruments. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lea, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, 902 Batelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-648-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 712 BP 129 EP 136 PG 8 WC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science GA BV74A UT WOS:000179917500016 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T AF Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T TI Powder X-ray diffraction study of the rhombohedral to cubic phase transition in TiF3 SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE fluorides; X-ray diffraction; phase transitions ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE PHASES; PEROVSKITES; FEF3 AB Synchrotron powder diffraction has been used to examine the crystal structure of the TiF3 between 20 and 450 K with emphasis on the cubic to rhombohedral structural phase transition near 370 K. This transition involves an apparently continuous reduction in the tilts of the TiF6 octahedra. A remarkable difference in the thermal expansion coefficients in the two phases is observed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Heavy Met Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kennedy, BJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Heavy Met Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Kennedy, Brendan/0000-0002-7187-4579 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 AR PII S0025-5408(01)00800-5 DI 10.1016/S0025-5408(01)00800-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 537YQ UT WOS:000174787600008 ER PT S AU Habermehl, S Carmignani, C AF Habermehl, S Carmignani, C BE Ayon, AA Buchheit, TE Kahn, H Spearing, SM TI Charge transport in low stress Si-rich silicon nitride thin films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) DEVICES IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Science of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices IV CY NOV 25-28, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Field dependent bulk charge transport in Si-rich, low stress silicon nitride thin films is studied in correlation to the local atomic Si-N bond strain. Across a range of film compositions varying from fully stoichiometric Si3N4 to Si-rich SiN0.54, Poole-Frenkel emission is determined to be the dominant charge transport mechanism with the Poole-Frenkel barrier height found to decrease concomitantly from 1.10 to 0.52 eV. Across the same composition range the local residual Si-N bond strain, as measured by FTIR spectroscopy, is observed to vary from 0.006 to -0.0026. Comparison of the barrier height to the residual strain reveals a direct correlation between the two quantities. It: is concluded that reductions in the Poole-Frenkel barrier height are a manifestation of compositionally induced strain relief at the molecular level. Reductions in the barrier height result in increased Poole-Frenkel emission detrapping rates and consequently higher leakage currents in Si-rich films. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Habermehl, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microelect Dev Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-623-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 687 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU83Y UT WOS:000177163100016 ER PT S AU Garino, TJ Morales, A Buchheit, T Boyce, B AF Garino, TJ Morales, A Buchheit, T Boyce, B BE Ayon, AA Buchheit, TE Kahn, H Spearing, SM TI The fabrication of stainless steel parts for MEMs SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) DEVICES IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Science of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices IV CY NOV 25-28, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB A micro-molding process was used to fabricate parts in the 0.1 to 10 mm size range from a stainless steel nano-powder. The two types of molds used were both produced from parts fabricated using the LIGA process so that they had precise dimensional tolerance and straight sidewalls. Rigid PMMA molds were made by injection molding and flexible silicone rubber molds were made by casting. Mold filling was accomplished by mixing the powder with epoxy to form a putty-like material that was then pressed into the mold cavities and allowed to cure. After pyrolysis of the epoxy, the parts were sintered in forming gas. The densification kinetics were measured in situ using a video system. Full densification was achieved after 1 hour at 1350degreesC. The microstructure of the sintered parts was examined using the SEM. The mechanical strength, hardness, dimensional tolerance and surface roughness of the sintered parts were also measured. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Garino, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-623-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 687 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU83Y UT WOS:000177163100022 ER PT S AU Chandross, M Park, B Stevens, M Grest, GS AF Chandross, M Park, B Stevens, M Grest, GS BE Ayon, AA Buchheit, TE Kahn, H Spearing, SM TI Frictional properties of self-assembled alkylsilane chains on silica SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) DEVICES IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Science of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices IV CY NOV 25-28, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; FIELD AB We present the results of molecular dynamics simulations of pairs of alkylsilane monolayers on silica surfaces under shear. In particular, we investigate the effects of shear velocity on the friction for chains of 6, 8; 12, and 18 carbon atoms covalently bonded to a crystalline surface. Our studies are performed at loads close to 0.2 and 2 GPa for relative velocities of 0.2, 2.0, and 20.0 m/s. We find that for perfect (defect-free) monolayers, the effects of chain length and velocity are weak, indicating that the experimentally measured dependence of friction on these properties is primarily due to defects in the monolayer. We have investigated possible finite size effects by varying our system dimensions from 43 Angstrom x 50 Angstrom to 174 Angstrom x 201 Angstrom. We find that increasing the surface area by a factor of N reduces the noise in the shear stress by a factor of rootN, and has a comparable effect to averaging the smaller system data over bins of rootN points. This indicates that finite size effects are negligible in our simulations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chandross, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-623-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 687 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU83Y UT WOS:000177163100027 ER PT S AU Muhlstein, CL Stach, EA Ritchie, RO AF Muhlstein, CL Stach, EA Ritchie, RO BE Ayon, AA Buchheit, TE Kahn, H Spearing, SM TI On the mechanism of fatigue in micron-scale structural films of polycrystalline silicon SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) DEVICES IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Science of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices IV CY NOV 25-28, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; CRACK-GROWTH; FRACTURE; MEMS AB 2-mum thick structural films of polycrystalline silicon are shown to display "metal-like" stress-life fatigue behavior in room air, with failures occurring after >10(11) cycles at stresses as low as half the fracture strength. Using in situ measurements of the specimen compliance and transmission electron microscopy to characterize such damage, the mechanism of thin-film silicon fatigue is deduced to be sequential oxidation and moisture-assisted cracking in the native SiO2 layer. This mechanism can also occur in bulk silicon but it is only relevant in thin films where the critical crack size for catastrophic failure can be exceeded within the oxide layer. The fatigue susceptibility of thin-film silicon is shown to be suppressed by alkene-based self-assembled monolayer coatings that prevent the formation of the native oxide. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muhlstein, CL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-623-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 687 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU83Y UT WOS:000177163100043 ER PT J AU Ito, A Sugiyama, K Shinohara, N Sugita, Y Sakurai, S Kameda, J AF Ito, A Sugiyama, K Shinohara, N Sugita, Y Sakurai, S Kameda, J TI In-service degradation of metallurgical and mechanical properties of aluminized coatings and substrates in gas turbine blades SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE gas turbine; blade; coating; nickel-base superalloy; degradation; small punch test; mechanical property ID SMALL-PUNCH; COCRALY COATINGS AB In-service degradation of metallurgical and mechanical properties of aluminized CoCrAlY coatings and Ni-base superalloy substrates in advanced gas turbine blades has been studied. The aluminized coatings of the unexposed and in-service exposed blades consisted of four layers with different microstructure and chemical composition. In-service environmental attack led to the deposition of Fe oxides on the top aluminized coating and formation of a thin-layered Al2O3. While in-service, Ni diffused extensively from the substrate into the near-surface coating region. The interdiffusion of Co/Ni resulted in the formation of Al/Ni rich precipitates in all the coating regions, except a near-surface coating region indicating Cr rich precipitates. A number of Cr rich precipitates were found in the substrate near the interdiffusion zone. The near-interface coating region and substrate softened at room and elevated temperatures. The ductility and low cycle fatigue life of the internal coating region at room temperature was not degraded. However, the ductility of the internal and near-interface coating regions and substrate at elevated temperatures was substantially degraded. In-service mechanical degradation of the aluminized CoCrAlY coatings is discussed in light of the metallurgical evolution. C1 Chubu Elect Power Co Inc, Elect Power Res & Dev Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4598522, Japan. Hitachi Ltd, Mech Engn Res Lab, Hitachi, Ibaraki 3178511, Japan. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chubu Elect Power Co Inc, Elect Power Res & Dev Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4598522, Japan. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.2320/matertrans.43.11 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 530KY UT WOS:000174357900003 ER PT S AU Vitek, JM Babu, SS David, SA AF Vitek, JM Babu, SS David, SA BE Cerjak, H TI Experimental investigation and simulation of nonequilibrium solidification SO Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena 6 SE MATERIALS MODELLING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Seminar on Numerical Analysis of Weldability CY OCT, 2001 CL Schloss Seggau, Graz, AUSTRIA SP Univ Graz, IWZ Technol, Int Inst Welding, Working Grp Numer Analys Weldabil Commiss HO Schloss Seggau ID CR-NI ALLOYS; STEEL AB Welding conditions, particularly those prevalent during high energy density beam processes, often lead to non-equilibrium solidification effects. Traditional solidification theories and models can take many of these effects into account, and call predict solidification microstructures, temperatures, and compositions. Sample calculations using these models are presented. An alternative approach to study solidification behaviour during welding, Using computational thermodynamics and kinetics calculations, will also be discussed. Finally, recent results of in-situ experiments that directly show non-equilibrium solidification in a commercial low alloy steel weld will be illustrated. Additionally, the paer will describe current limitations and needs for future work in order to better model non-equilibrium solidification behaviour. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1352-9692 BN 1-902653-56-4 J9 MAT MODELLING SER PY 2002 BP 291 EP 304 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Mathematics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCR37 UT WOS:000230907900016 ER PT J AU Dolan, ED More, JJ AF Dolan, ED More, JJ TI Benchmarking optimization software with performance profiles SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE benchmarking; guidelines; performance; software; testing; metric; tuning AB we propose performance profiles - distribution functions for a performance metric - as a tool for benchmarking and comparing optimization software. we show that performance profiles combine the best features of other tools for performance evaluation. C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dolan, ED (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 18 TC 1038 Z9 1076 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 91 IS 2 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s101070100263 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 517TE UT WOS:000173625300001 ER PT B AU Cao, CS Titi, ES AF Cao, CS Titi, ES BE Elaydi, S Titi, ES Saleh, M Jain, SK AbuSaris, R TI Asymptotic behavior of viscous 1-D scalar conservation laws with neumann boundary conditions SO MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Mathematics and Mathematics Education CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL Bethlehem Univ, Bethlehem, ISRAEL SP Palestinian Soc Math Sci, Palestinian Minist Higher Educ HO Bethlehem Univ ID FORCED BURGERS TURBULENCE; EQUATION AB In this paper we consider the long-time behavior of a generalized viscous Burgers equation - a one dimensional scalar conservation law with viscosity - subject to Neumann boundary conditions. We show that all the steady state solutions of this problem are constant functions. Furthermore, we prove that, for any initial data, the time dependent solution converges to a steady state solution, as the time grows unboundedly to infinity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cao, CS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4720-6 PY 2002 BP 306 EP 324 DI 10.1142/9789812778390_0025 PG 19 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Mathematics SC Education & Educational Research; Mathematics GA BCI10 UT WOS:000229422500025 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, RM TI An evaluation of linear cumulative damage (Miner's Law) using kinetic crack growth theory SO MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE kinetic crack growth; linear cumulative damage ID VISCOELASTIC MEDIA; PREDICTION; COMPOSITES; INITIATION; FRACTURE; FAILURE AB Taking a basis set of creep failure functions as specifying the failure properties for a class of materials, various damage laws can be used to predict failure under any type of stress history. A particularly convenient form is that of Miner's law also known as Linear Cumulative Damage. However, such damage laws are entirely empirical and of uncertain value. A kinetic crack growth theory developed for polymers is used to evaluate Linear Cumulative Damage. LCD is found to be generally unsatisfactory. However, there is an important sub-class of cases where it does perform well, and this can be of importance in an accelerated testing methodology for polymers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-255, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2000 J9 MECH TIME-DEPEND MAT JI Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. PY 2002 VL 6 IS 4 BP 363 EP 377 DI 10.1023/A:1021297914883 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA 619KT UT WOS:000179475700003 ER PT B AU Ricks, RC AF Ricks, RC BE Ricks, RC Berger, ME OHara, FM TI The radiation-accident patient in the new millennium: Past history and future threats SO MEDICAL BASIS FOR RADIATION-ACCIDENT PREPAREDNESS: THE CLINICAL CARE OF VICTIMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International REAC/TS Conference CY MAR, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, REAC, YS, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ricks, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, REAC, YS, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-84214-090-6 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Nuclear Science & Technology SC General & Internal Medicine; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU41G UT WOS:000175938000001 ER PT B AU Goans, RE AF Goans, RE BE Ricks, RC Berger, ME OHara, FM TI Clinical care of the radiation-accident patient: Patient presentation, assessment, and initial diagnosis SO MEDICAL BASIS FOR RADIATION-ACCIDENT PREPAREDNESS: THE CLINICAL CARE OF VICTIMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International REAC/TS Conference CY MAR, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL ID THERAPY C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, REACT, TS, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Goans, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, REACT, TS, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-84214-090-6 PY 2002 BP 11 EP 22 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Nuclear Science & Technology SC General & Internal Medicine; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU41G UT WOS:000175938000002 ER PT B AU Toohey, RE AF Toohey, RE BE Ricks, RC Berger, ME OHara, FM TI Role of the health physicist in dose assessment SO MEDICAL BASIS FOR RADIATION-ACCIDENT PREPAREDNESS: THE CLINICAL CARE OF VICTIMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International REAC/TS Conference CY MAR, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL ID RADIATION ACCIDENT; LUMINESCENCE DOSIMETRY; RECONSTRUCTION; CHERNOBYL C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, REAC, YS, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Toohey, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, REAC, YS, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-84214-090-6 PY 2002 BP 33 EP 43 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Nuclear Science & Technology SC General & Internal Medicine; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU41G UT WOS:000175938000004 ER PT B AU Berger, ME Sadoff, RL AF Berger, ME Sadoff, RL BE Ricks, RC Berger, ME OHara, FM TI Psychological support of radiation - Accident patients, families, and staff SO MEDICAL BASIS FOR RADIATION-ACCIDENT PREPAREDNESS: THE CLINICAL CARE OF VICTIMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International REAC/TS Conference CY MAR, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, REAC TS, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Berger, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, REAC TS, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-84214-090-6 PY 2002 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Nuclear Science & Technology SC General & Internal Medicine; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU41G UT WOS:000175938000016 ER PT B AU Goans, RE AF Goans, RE BE Ricks, RC Berger, ME OHara, FM TI Update on the treatment of internal contamination SO MEDICAL BASIS FOR RADIATION-ACCIDENT PREPAREDNESS: THE CLINICAL CARE OF VICTIMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International REAC/TS Conference CY MAR, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL ID HYDROXYPYRIDINONATE LIGANDS; EFFICACY; TOXICITY; DECORPORATION; URANIUM C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, REAC TS, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Goans, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, REAC TS, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER LA6 2LA, ENGLAND BN 1-84214-090-6 PY 2002 BP 201 EP 216 PG 16 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Nuclear Science & Technology SC General & Internal Medicine; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU41G UT WOS:000175938000017 ER PT S AU Leach, RR Azevedo, SG Berryman, JG Bertete-Aguirre, HR Chambers, DH Mast, JE Littrup, P Duric, N Johnson, SA Wuebbeling, F AF Leach, RR Azevedo, SG Berryman, JG Bertete-Aguirre, HR Chambers, DH Mast, JE Littrup, P Duric, N Johnson, SA Wuebbeling, F BE Insana, MF Walker, WF TI Comparison of ultrasound tomography methods in circular geometry SO MEDICAL IMAGE 2002: ULTRASONIC IMAGING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2002 Conference CY FEB 24-28, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Phys Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Mfg Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE ultrasound tomography; experimental ultrasound scanner; transducer geometry; image reconstruction; qualitative and quantitative acoustic parameters ID BREAST AB Extremely high quality data was acquired using an experimental ultrasound scanner developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory using a 2D ring geometry with up to 720 transmitter/receiver transducer positions. This unique geometry allows reflection and transmission modes and transmission imaging and quantification of a 3D volume using 2D slice data. Standard image reconstruction methods were applied to the data including straight-ray filtered back projection, reflection tomography, and diffraction tomography. Newer approaches were also tested such as full wave, full wave adjoint method, bent-ray filtered backprojection, and full-aperture tomography. A variety of data sets were collected including a formalin-fixed human breast tissue sample, a commercial ultrasound complex breast phantom, and cylindrical objects with and without inclusions. The resulting reconstruction quality of the images ranges from poor to excellent. The method and results of this study are described including like-data reconstructions produced by different algorithms with side-by-side image comparisons. Comparisons to medical B-scan and x-ray CT scan images are also shown. Reconstruction methods with respect to image quality using resolution, noise, and quantitative accuracy, and computational efficiency metrics will also be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leach, RR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave L-541, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4432-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4687 BP 362 EP 377 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU54Z UT WOS:000176292800038 ER PT S AU Chambers, DH Littrup, P AF Chambers, DH Littrup, P BE Insana, MF Walker, WF TI Ultrasound imaging using diffraction tomography in a cylindrical geometry SO MEDICAL IMAGE 2002: ULTRASONIC IMAGING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2002 Conference CY FEB 24-28, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Phys Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Mfg Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB Tomographic images of tissue phantoms and a sample of breast tissue have been produced from an acoustic synthetic array system for frequencies near 500 kHz. The images for sound speed and attenuation show millimeter resolution and demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining high-resolution tomographic images with frequencies that can deeply penetrate tissue. The image reconstruction method is based on the Born approximation to acoustic scattering and is a simplified version of a method previously used by Andre (Andre, et. al., Int. J. Imaging Systems and Technology, Vol 8, No. 1, 1997) for a circular acoustic array system. The images have comparable resolution to conventional ultrasound images at much higher frequencies (3-5 MHz) but with lower speckle noise. This shows the potential of low frequency, deeply penetrating, ultrasound for high-resolution quantitative imaging. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chambers, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4432-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4687 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.1117/12.462181 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU54Z UT WOS:000176292800043 ER PT S AU Descalle, MA Chuang, CF Pouliot, J AF Descalle, MA Chuang, CF Pouliot, J BE Mun, SK TI Creation of a reference image with Monte Carlo simulations for online EPID verification of daily patient setup SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2002: VISUALIZATION, IMAGE-GUIDED PROCEDURES, AND DISPLAY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2002 Conference CY FEB 24-28, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Phys Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Mfg Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE Monte Carlo simulations; portal imaging; image correlation; reference image; set-up error ID PORTAL DOSE IMAGES; PHOTON BEAMS; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ALGORITHM; SCATTER; RADIOTHERAPY; CODE; DISTRIBUTIONS; INCIDENT; SYSTEM AB Patient positioning accuracy remains an issue for external beam radiotherapy. Currently, kilovoltage verification images are used as reference by clinicians to compare the actual patient treatment position with the planned position. These images are qualitatively different from treatment-time megavoltage portal images. This study will investigate the feasibility of using PEREGRINE, a 3D Monte Carlo calculation engine, to create reference images for portal image comparisons. Portal images were acquired using an amorphous-silicon flat-panel EPID for 1) the head and pelvic sections of an anthropomorphic phantom with 7 - 8 mm displacements applied, and 2) a prostate patient on five treatment days. Planning CT scans were used to generate simulated reference images with PEREGRINE. A correlation algorithm quantified the setup deviations between simulated and portal images. Monte Carlo simulated images exhibit similar qualities to portal images, the phantom slabs appear clearly. Initial positioning differences and applied displacements were detected and quantified. We find that images simulated with Monte Carlo methods can be used as reference images to detect and quantify set-up errors during treatment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Descalle, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4426-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4681 BP 138 EP 147 DI 10.1117/12.466914 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery SC Computer Science; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Surgery GA BU70B UT WOS:000176733900017 ER PT B AU Okandan, M Galambos, P Mani, S Jakubczak, J AF Okandan, M Galambos, P Mani, S Jakubczak, J GP IEEE IEEE TI BioMEMS and microfluidics applications of surface micromachining technology SO MEMS: 2001 MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Microelectromechanical Systems Conference CY AUG 24-26, 2001 CL BERKELEY, CA SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE, Atomasoft C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Okandan, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7224-7 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BU34G UT WOS:000175725000001 ER PT J AU Headley, TJ Brooks, JA AF Headley, TJ Brooks, JA TI A new bcc-fcc orientation relationship observed between ferrite and austenite in solidification structures of steels SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WELDS AB A new crystallographic orientation relationship (OR) between delta-ferrite and austenite has been observed in solidification microstructures of 304L and 309S austenitic stainless steels and a ternary Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. Evidence for the new OR was obtained from electron diffraction patterns in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This relationship, (111)(fcc)//(110)(bcc) and [(1) over bar 10](fcc)//[(1) over bar 10](bcc),has not been previously reported for bcc-fcc systems. The (110)(fcc)//(110)(bcc) alignment is distinctive among known bcc-fcc ORs. The new OR is related to the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) and Nishiyama-Wassermann (N-W) ORs by relative rotations of 35.26 and 30 deg, respectively, about the normal to the parallel close-packed planes. In 304L fabricated by laser-engineered net shaping (LENS), delta-ferrite with the new OR was found to coexist in the microstructure with both K-S and N-W oriented ferrite, but in separate austenite grains and with less frequent occurrence. In gas-tungsten arc (GTA) welds of 309S and the Fe-Cr-Ni alloy, the new OR was the only one observed within a few grains, whereas ferrite within other grains did not establish an apparent OR with the austenite matrix. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Headley, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 16 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0001-0 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 514WG UT WOS:000173463600001 ER PT S AU Shen, TD Harms, U Schwarz, RB AF Shen, TD Harms, U Schwarz, RB BE Ma, E Atzmon, M Koch, CC TI Bulk Fe-Based metallic glass with extremely soft ferromagnetic properties SO METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN HO UNIV MICHIGAN DE anomalous factor; bulk ferromagnetic glass; coercivity; Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12B5.5C5; magnetic properties; permeability; power loss ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB We have investigated the DC and AC magnetic properties of a bulk glassy Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12B5.5C5 alloy. In the annealed state the alloy has coercivity H-C and maximum DC permeability mu(m) of approximately 0.4 A/m (5 mOe) and 2.8x10(5), comparable to those found in annealed zero-magnetostriction Co-based alloys. The low H-C found in our bulk glassy alloy is attributed to the low ratio of surface-roughness to sample thickness, and low residual internal-stress. The total power loss in our annealed bulk glass is about one order of magnitude lower than that of rapidly quenched Fe-based glassy ribbons. This is attributed to a low anomalous eddy-current loss. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shen, TD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Struct Property Relat Grp, MST-8,Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-892-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 386-3 BP 441 EP 446 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BT98Y UT WOS:000174657900066 ER PT S AU Vaidya, RU Rangaswamy, P Butt, DP Misra, A Gallegos, DE Castro, RG Petrovic, JJ AF Vaidya, RU Rangaswamy, P Butt, DP Misra, A Gallegos, DE Castro, RG Petrovic, JJ BE Ma, E Atzmon, M Koch, CC TI Use of a cobalt-based metallic glass for joining MoSi2 to stainless steel SO METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN HO UNIV MICHIGAN DE instrumented indentation; metallic glasses; MoSi2; residual stresses; stainless steel ID TEMPERATURE STRUCTURAL SILICIDES; OXIDATION AB The successful use of a cobalt-based metallic glass in joining molybdenum disilicide (MOSi (2)) to stainless steel 316L was demonstrated. Such joints are being investigated for sensor tube applications in glass melting operations. The cobalt-based metallic-glass (METGLAS(TM) 2714A) was found to wet the MOSi2 and stainless steel surfaces and provide high quality joints. Joining was completed at 1050 degreesC for 60 minutes in two different ways; either by feeding excess braze into the braze gap upon heating or by constraining the MOSi2/stainless steel assembly with an alumina (Al2O3) fixture during the heating cycle. These steps were necessary to ensure the production of a high quality void free joint. Post-brazing metallographic evaluations coupled with quantitative elemental analysis indicated the presence of a Co-Cr-Si ternary phase with CoSi and COSi2 precipitates within the braze. The residual stresses in these molybdenum disilicide (MOSi2)/stainless steel 316 L joints were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and instrumented indentation techniques. These measurements revealed that significant differences are induced in the residual stresses in MOSi2 and stainless steel depending on the joining technique employed. Push-out tests were carried out on these joints to evaluate the joint strength. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Vaidya, RU (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 OI Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864; NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-892-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 386-3 BP 535 EP 540 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BT98Y UT WOS:000174657900080 ER PT S AU Harms, U Schwarz, RB AF Harms, U Schwarz, RB BE Ma, E Atzmon, M Koch, CC TI Anomalous elastic properties of metal-metal interfaces SO METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN HO UNIV MICHIGAN DE interface; modulus; Rayleigh waves; thin films ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERLATTICES AB We use Rayleigh waves to measure in situ the elastic modulus of elemental and alloy thin films prepared by e-beam evaporation in an ultra-high vacuum. A high-resolution surface-acoustic-wave velocity technique (I part in 10 7) enables us to measure the film modulus while it is being deposited. We investigate several metal-metal thin-film combinations. Many metal interfaces (e.g. Pd, Au or Ag on Co) show no change in modulus, even for mono-layer thickness. However, a 0.7-nm thick Pd film deposited onto Ir shows an up to threefold increase in modulus. We propose that the modulus increase is not due to a stiff 0.7 rim Pd film, but is due to the repairing effect that this I'd film has on the topmost 5 rim of the underlying Ir layer. Conditions that favor this effect are film combinations of high and low melting point materials. This study sheds new light on the controversial Supermodulus effect in metallic multilayers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harms, U (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Struct Property Relat Grp, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-892-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 386-3 BP 583 EP 588 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BT98Y UT WOS:000174657900088 ER PT S AU Di Rosa, MD Crane, SG Kitten, JJ Taylor, WA Vieira, DJ Zhao, X AF Di Rosa, MD Crane, SG Kitten, JJ Taylor, WA Vieira, DJ Zhao, X BE Wilkerson, CW TI Ultrasensitive detection of radioactive cesium isotopes using a magneto-optical trap SO METHODS FOR ULTRASENSITIVE DETECTION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Methods for Ultrasensitive Detection II CY JAN 21-22, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE magneto-optical trap; mass separator; cesium; ultrasensitive detection; radionuclides ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RB-82 ATOMS; CS-137; SHIFT; LINE; CS AB We report the first magneto-optical trapping of radioactive Cs-135 and Cs-137 and a promising means for detecting these isotopes to ultrasensitive levels by using a magneto-optical trap (MOT) coupled to a mass separator. A sample containing both isotopes was placed in the source of a mass separator, ionized, mass separated, and implanted in a Zr foil within the MOT cell. After implantation, atoms were released from the foil by inductive heating and then captured in a MOT that used large diameter beams and a dry-film-coated cell to achieve high trapping efficiency. MOT fluorescence signals were measured for trapped-atoni numbers from 10(4) to 10(7) and were found to increase linearly with the number of atoms implanted in the foil. The slope of signal versus number implanted was equal for each isotope to within 4%, signifying our ability to measure (CS)-C-137/Cs-135 ratios to within 4% for MOT signal levels exceeding that associated with our present detection limit of 4000 trapped atoms. The MOT-based detection scheme was shown capable of suppressing interference from stable Cs-133 by more than seven orders of magnitude. Including an isotopic Selectivity Of 105 of the mass separator, the overall suppression of Cs-133 in the case of detecting either Cs-135 and Cs-137 is expected to exceed 10(12). At present, the overall sample detection sensitivity is < 1 X 10(6) atoms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Di Rosa, MD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4373-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4634 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.463836 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BU46U UT WOS:000176067700004 ER PT S AU Bisson, SE Kulp, TJ Bambha, R Armstrong, K Levi, O Pinguet, T Eyres, LA Fejer, MM AF Bisson, SE Kulp, TJ Bambha, R Armstrong, K Levi, O Pinguet, T Eyres, LA Fejer, MM BE Wilkerson, CW TI Long-wave IR chemical sensing based on difference frequency generation in orientation-patterned GaAs SO METHODS FOR ULTRASENSITIVE DETECTION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Methods for Ultrasensitive Detection II CY JAN 21-22, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE quasi-phasematching; orientation-patterned gallium arsenide; difference frequency generation; IR chemical sensing ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE AB Lightsources employing quasiphasematched (QPM) nonlinear materials have demonstrated unique attributes for chemical sensing in the near- to mid-infrared spectral range (1-5 mum). The advent of patterned-growth GaAs allows the first practical extension of QPM materials to operation in the long-wave IR (5-12 mum). That wavelength range is particularly attractive for chemical sensing because it contains an atmospheric window, many molecular groups absorb there at distinct frequencies, and their absorptions tend to be strong relative to those in the near- and mid-IR. Here, the application of orientation-patterned GaAs (OPGaAs) for use in a continuous wave (cw) difference frequency spectrometer is described. The outputs of two external-cavity diode lasers operating in the 1.3 and 1.5 mum telecom bands are mixed in a OPGaAs crystal, producing tunable radiation at wavelengths near 8 mum, The application of the source to the measurement of a water vapor rovibrational absorption line is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bisson, SE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4373-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4634 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1117/12.463834 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BU46U UT WOS:000176067700008 ER PT J AU Findlay, S Tank, J Dye, S Valett, HM Mulholland, PJ McDowell, WH Johnson, SL Hamilton, SK Edmonds, J Dodds, WK Bowden, WB AF Findlay, S Tank, J Dye, S Valett, HM Mulholland, PJ McDowell, WH Johnson, SL Hamilton, SK Edmonds, J Dodds, WK Bowden, WB TI A cross-system comparison of bacterial and fungal biomass in detritus pools of headwater streams SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; WOODLAND STREAM; LEAF BREAKDOWN; ORGANIC-MATTER; APPALACHIAN STREAM; LITTER; ECOSYSTEMS; WATERS; GROWTH; EXPORT AB The absolute amount of microbial biomass and relative contribution of fungi and bacteria are expected to vary among types of organic matter (OM) within a stream and will vary among streams because of differences in organic matter quality and quantity. Common types of benthic detritus [leaves, small wood, and fine benthic organic matter (FBOM)] were sampled in 9 small (1st-3rd order) streams selected to represent a range of important controlling factors such as surrounding vegetation, detritus standing stocks, and water chemistry. Direct counts of bacteria and measurements of ergosterol (a fungal sterol) were used to describe variation in bacterial and fungal biomass. There were significant differences in bacterial abundance among types of organic matter with higher densities per unit mass of organic matter on fine particles relative to either leaves or wood surfaces. In contrast, ergosterol concentrations were significantly greater on leaves and wood, confirming the predominance of fungal biomass in these larger size classes. In general, bacterial abundance per unit organic matter was less variable than fungal biomass, suggesting bacteria will be a more predictable component of stream microbial communities. For 7 of the 9 streams, the standing stock of fine benthic organic matter was large enough that habitat-weighted reach-scale bacterial biomass was equal to or greater than fungal biomass. The quantities of leaves and small wood varied among streams such that the relative contribution of reach-scale fungal biomass ranged from 10% to as much as 90% of microbial biomass. Ergosterol concentrations were positively associated with substrate C:N ratio while bacterial abundance was negatively correlated with C:N. Both these relationships are confounded by particle size, i.e., leaves and wood had higher C:N than fine benthic organic matter. There was a weak positive relationship between bacterial abundance and streamwater soluble reactive phosphorus concentration, but no apparent pattern between either bacteria or fungi and streamwater dissolved inorganic nitrogen. The variation in microbial biomass per unit organic matter and the relative abundance of different types of organic matter contributed equally to driving differences in total microbial biomass at the reach scale. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Landcare Res, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand. RP Findlay, S (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB,65 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Bowden, William/J-9219-2014; Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014 OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017 NR 48 TC 106 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 44 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1007/10.1007/s00248-001-1020-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 539XA UT WOS:000174896300006 PM 11984629 ER PT B AU Tiquia, SM Michel, FC AF Tiquia, SM Michel, FC BE Insam, H Riddech, N Klammer, S TI Bacterial diversity in livestock manure composts as characterized by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) of PCR-amplifled 16s rRNA gene sequences SO MICROBIOLOGY OF COMPOSTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Microbiology of Composting CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA SP Univ Innsbruck, Austrian Soc Soil Biol, European Commiss, Fed Minist Forestry, Agr & Environ, Fed Minist Sci, Province Tyrol, City Innsbruck, Austrian Airlines Grp, Thoni Ind, Linde Inc, Komptech Inc, TEG Environmental plc ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION AB Composts contain a large and diverse community of microorganisms that play a central role in the decomposition of organic matter during the composting process. However, microbial communities active in composts have not been well described in the past. In the present study, the phylogenetic diversity of bacterial communities in livestock manure compost was determined based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) of 16S rRNA genes. This technique uses a PCR in which one of the primers is fluorescently labeled. After amplification, the PCR product is then digested with restriction enzymes such as HhaI, MspI, and RsaI to generate T-RFLP fingerprints of bacterial communities. In the present study, a mixture of dairy and horse manure (dairy+horse manure; 1:1 ratio w/w) was composted in windrows and invessel to investigate compost bacterial diversity. The DNA was isolated from the feedstocks (day 0) and after 21 and 104 days of in-vessel and windrow composting, respectively, for T-RFLP analysis. A variety of techniques were then used to analyze T-RFLP data to gain insights about the structure of the bacterial community from these compost samples. Results of the T-RFLP analysis revealed high species diversity in the feedstocks sample. As many as 27 to 39 different terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) were found in these samples, revealing high diversity in the livestock manure composts. After composting, an increase in the T-RFLP-based Shannon diversity index was observed in the in-vessel compost, while a decrease was found in the windrow compost. Differences in chemical properties were also observed in the windrow and in-vessel composts. The windrow compost had lower water, organic matter (OM) and C contents and higher C and OM loss than the in-vessel compost. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tiquias@ornl.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67568-X PY 2002 BP 65 EP 82 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BU80B UT WOS:000177064700006 ER PT B AU Tiquia, SM AF Tiquia, SM BE Insam, H Riddech, N Klammer, S TI Microbial transformation of nitrogen during composting SO MICROBIOLOGY OF COMPOSTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Microbiology of Composting CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA SP Univ Innsbruck, Austrian Soc Soil Biol, European Commiss, Fed Minist Forestry, Agr & Environ, Fed Minist Sci, Province Tyrol, City Innsbruck, Austrian Airlines Grp, Thoni Ind, Linde Inc, Komptech Inc, TEG Environmental plc ID SPENT PIG LITTER AB Microorganisms are fundamentally involved in important changes to the N compounds during composting. However, their role in composting systems is not well understood. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the microbial transformation of nitrogen during composting of spent pig litter-sludge and poultry litter in forced-aeration piles. Most N in spent pig litter sludge and poultry litter is in organic forms, which serve as a reservoir of N. During composting, some of the organic N was slowly converted to the much smaller inorganic N pools. The mineralization process was continued further by conversion of ammonium to nitrite/nitrate by nitrifiers. The ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria are the microorganisms that gain their energy from these inorganic oxidations. Denitrification occurred during the early stage of composting, as indicated by a higher population of denitrifying bacteria. However, as composting proceeded, the population of denitrifying bacteria declined significantly, indicating that very little denitrification took place once the air was forced into the pile. The multiple regression analysis showed that the physico-chemical properties of the spent pig litter-sludge and poultry litter are the most critical factors affecting the changes in N and its different forms during composting. The equilibria and rates of N were affected by interactions between microbial biomass community structure and the physico-chemical properties of the manure such as temperature, water content, pH, and C:N ratio during composting. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tiquia, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67568-X PY 2002 BP 237 EP 245 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BU80B UT WOS:000177064700020 ER PT S AU Mirzabekov, AD AF Mirzabekov, AD BE Kordal, R Usmani, A Law, WT TI Properties, manufacturing, and applications of MicroArrays of Gel-Immobilized Compounds and Cells on a chip SO MICROFABRICATED SENSORS: APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR DNA ANALYSIS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID GENERIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROCHIPS; MASSIVE PARALLEL ANALYSIS; OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE MICROCHIPS; BINDING-SPECIFICITY; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATIONS AB A MicroArray of Gel-Immobilized Compounds and Cells on a chip (MAGICChip) contains oligonucleotides, DNA, proteins, or other compounds tethered within gel micropads, The gel pads can be used both as a support for immobilization and as nanoliter test tubes to carry out different chemical or enzymatic reactions with tethered compounds. Nucleic acid hybridization; specific interactions between nucleic acid, proteins, and small ligands; and kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of some of these interactions have been carried out by using MAGICChips. MAGICChips have also been applied to perform DNA fractionation, ligation, PCR amplifications, and minisequencing. Different processes were monitored within the microchip pads by using specially constructed fluorescence microscopes and laser scanners, as well as a MALDI mass spectrometer. The oligonucleotide microchips have been applied to i) identify different bacteria and viruses and different genes (toxin and drug resistance genes) in their genomes; ii) detect mutations and nucleotide polymorphism in the human genome, microorganisms, and in viruses; and iii) monitor gene expression. The protein microchips have been tested to determine their effectiveness in detecting specific antigens and antibodies, evaluate ligand specificity for receptors, and measure kinetics of enzymatic reactions and inhibition. The presence of different antibiotics was monitored with bacterial cell microchips. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Engelhardt Inst Mol Biol, Joint Biochip Program, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Mirzabekov, AD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3763-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 815 BP 23 EP 41 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BU35B UT WOS:000175745500002 ER PT B AU Zavadil, KR Rising, MA Galambos, PC AF Zavadil, KR Rising, MA Galambos, PC BE Hesketh, P Ang, SS Davidson, JL Hughes, HG Misra, D TI Limits of electrochemical processes at Si electrodes used at high field for aqueous microfluidic MEMS applications SO MICROFABRICATED SYSTEMS AND MEMS VI, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Microfabricated Systems and MEMS CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div ID ANODIC-OXIDATION; WATER AB The limits of dielectric breakdown, H2O electrolysis and anodization are explored for conductive polycrystalline Si electrodes in a microfluidic MEMs device. Dielectric breakdown does not occur in H2O-filled micron-sized gaps for an electric field in excess of 55 V(.)mum(-1) on a 2 to 4 mus time frame, despite the presence of gas bubbles and cell current densities approaching 10(3) A(.)cm(-2). This stability is either intrinsic to the small gap dimension or a result of the current regulating properties of the passive oxide on Si. Electrolytic decomposition of H2O is sufficiently facile to produce gas bubbles at 12 to 16 V(.)mum(-1). An aqueous mixture of ethylene and diethylene glycol suppresses the electrolysis rate by an order of magnitude, eliminating bubble formation. Repetitive pulsing produces a decrease in both current density and field across the fluid due to cumulative modification of the passive oxide properties. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zavadil, KR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-372-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 6 BP 144 EP 152 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW03C UT WOS:000180672200016 ER PT B AU Stevenson, KA Mehta, A Hansen, KM Thundat, TG AF Stevenson, KA Mehta, A Hansen, KM Thundat, TG BE Hesketh, P Ang, SS Davidson, JL Hughes, HG Misra, D TI Stability of thiolated DNA on gold-coated microcantilevers SO MICROFABRICATED SYSTEMS AND MEMS VI, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Microfabricated Systems and MEMS CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div ID ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; EXCHANGE AB Bimetallic (Au/Si) microcantilever sensors readily discern biomolecular interactions, specifically DNA hybridization and antibody-antigen interactions. These biomolecules are typically immobilized on the gold cantilever surface via thiol chemistry. Enzymatic manipulation of the functionalized surfaces, whether for patterning or subsequent reactions, often requires the use of buffers containing small thiol compounds to maintain the active state of the enzyme and facilitate the reaction. In this study we examine the potential for loss of thiol-immobilized DNA from the cantilever surface due to competition and exchange with thiols in reaction buffer solutions. Optical deflection assays and fluorescence imaging of cantilevers indicate that thiol-immobilized DNA is indeed lost from the sensor surface upon exposure to thiol-containing buffers. Caution should be used when designing sensor surfaces: functionalization strategies must be compatible with the intended use of the sensor. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stevenson, KA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-372-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 6 BP 218 EP 225 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW03C UT WOS:000180672200024 ER PT J AU Moore, KT Stach, EA Howe, JM Elbert, DC Veblen, DR AF Moore, KT Stach, EA Howe, JM Elbert, DC Veblen, DR TI A tilting procedure to enhance compositional contrast and reduce residual diffraction contrast in energy-filtered TEM imaging of planar interfaces SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM); electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS); signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); energy-filtered image (EFI); elemental map; jump-ratio image; semiconductor interfaces ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; PHASES; SOLIDS AB This paper systematically demonstrates that energy-filtered transmission electron microscope (EFTEM) images of a planar interface between two single crystals have increased compositional contrast and decreased residual diffraction contrast when the sample is oriented so that the electron beam is parallel to the interface, but not directly on a zone axis. This off-axis orientation reduces diffraction contrast in the unfiltered (and zero-loss) image, which in turn, reduces residual diffraction contrast in single energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) images, thickness maps, jump-ratio images, and elemental maps. Most importantly, this procedure produces EFTEM images that are more directly interpretable and, in most cases, possess superior spatial resolution compared to EFTEM images acquired directly on a zone axis. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Moore, KT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0968-4328(00)00072-X PG 13 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 474MG UT WOS:000171110600006 PM 11473813 ER PT J AU Volkov, VV Zhu, Y De Graef, M AF Volkov, VV Zhu, Y De Graef, M TI A new symmetrized solution for phase retrieval using the transport of intensity equation SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE phase retrieval; transport of intensity equation; Lorentz microscopy ID IRRADIANCE AB We propose a novel symmetrization method for solving the transport of intensity equation (TIE) using fast Fourier transforms for situations where the input images may or may not exhibit spatial periodicity. The method is derived from the analysis of intensity conservation law and the internal symmetry of the TIE, and is illustrated for both a computational and an experimental data set. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Volkov, VV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010; Volkov, Vyacheslav/D-9786-2016 OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226; NR 10 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2002 VL 33 IS 5 BP 411 EP 416 AR PII S0968-4328(02)00017-3 DI 10.1016/S0968-4328(02)00017-3 PG 6 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 554GV UT WOS:000175728200001 PM 11976028 ER PT J AU Joy, DC AF Joy, DC TI Improving matrix corrections SO MIKROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop of the European-Microbeam-Analysis-Society (EMAS) CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND SP Euro Microbeam Anal Soc (EMAS) DE mass absorption; electron stopping power; ionization cross-section; fluorescent yield; backscatter yield ID STOPPING POWER; LOW ENERGIES; ELECTRONS AB Except in the idealized case where the unknown and the standard are essentially identical obtaining accurate matrix corrections requires a knowledge of the absolute value and functional behavior of a number of quantities such the mass absorption coefficient, the electron stopping power, ionization cross sections and fluorescent yields. This talk examines the accuracy of the data available in each category, and the range of elements and compounds for which values have been published. It is found that the quality and quantity of data available varies greatly and that, with only a few exceptions, much more work is required to produce the reliable and inclusive data base required for accurate matrix corrections. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Joy, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 1414 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0026-3672 J9 MIKROCHIM ACTA JI Mikrochim. Acta PY 2002 VL 138 IS 3-4 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s006040200017 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 551KJ UT WOS:000175560100003 ER PT J AU Eguchi, M Kahn, M AF Eguchi, Masakatsu Kahn, Michael TI Preface SO MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Eguchi, Masakatsu; Kahn, Michael] Pacific Northwest Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Eguchi, M (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Res Inst, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM meguchi@pnri.org; mkahn@pnri.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-5575 EI 1875-5607 J9 MINI-REV MED CHEM JI Mini-Rev. Med. Chem. PY 2002 VL 2 IS 5 BP I EP I DI 10.2174/1389557023405800 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA V33DC UT WOS:000208998500001 ER PT J AU Eguchi, M Kahn, M AF Eguchi, Masakatsu Kahn, Michael TI Design, Synthesis, and Application of Peptide Secondary Structure Mimetics SO MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review AB The secondary structure peptidomimetic approach is a rational way to develop novel nonpeptide pharmaceutical agents based upon biologically significant proteinaceous leads. A part of this approach elaborated in this laboratory over the past ten years is reviewed along with the recent developments in this field. C1 [Eguchi, Masakatsu; Kahn, Michael] Pacific Northwest Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Kahn, M (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Res Inst, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM mkahn@pnri.org NR 89 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-5575 EI 1875-5607 J9 MINI-REV MED CHEM JI Mini-Rev. Med. Chem. PY 2002 VL 2 IS 5 BP 447 EP 462 DI 10.2174/1389557023405783 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA V33DC UT WOS:000208998500003 PM 12370046 ER PT J AU Zhang, YG Wolfson, O AF Zhang, YG Wolfson, O TI Untitled SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Texas, Dept Comp Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USA, Res Labs, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NASA, Ctr Excellence Space Data & Informat Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Comp Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 512MJ UT WOS:000173327900001 ER PT J AU Xu, B Wolfson, O Chamberlain, S Rishe, N AF Xu, B Wolfson, O Chamberlain, S Rishe, N TI Cost based data dissemination in satellite networks SO MOBILE NETWORKS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE data replication; distributed databases; satellite networks AB We consider the problem of data dissemination in a broadcast network. In contrast to previously studied models, broadcasting is among peers, rather than client server. Such a model represents, for example, satellite communication among widely distributed nodes, sensor networks, and mobile ad hoc networks. We introduce a cost model for data dissemination in peer to peer broadcast networks. The model quantifies the tradeoff between the inconsistency of the data, and its transmission cost; the transmission cost may be given in terms of dollars, energy, or bandwidth. Using the model we first determine the parameters for which eager (i.e. consistent) replication has a lower cost than lazy (i.e. inconsistent) replication. Then we introduce a lazy broadcast policy and compare it with several naive or traditional approaches to solving the problem. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Databases & Mobile Comp Lab, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Mobile Informat Syst Ctr, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NASA, Ctr Excellence Space Data & Informat Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Databases & Mobile Comp Lab, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-469X EI 1572-8153 J9 MOBILE NETW APPL JI Mobile Netw. Appl. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 49 EP 66 DI 10.1023/A:1013277313373 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 512MJ UT WOS:000173327900005 ER PT S AU Matlin, OS Lusk, E McCune, W AF Matlin, OS Lusk, E McCune, W BE Boesnaecki, D Leue, S TI SPINning parallel systems software SO MODEL CHECKING SOFTWARE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International SPIN Workshop CY APR 11-13, 2002 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE ID PROGRAMS AB We describe our experiences in using SPIN to verify parts of the Multi-Purpose Daemon (MPD) parallel process management system. MPD is a distributed collection of processes connected by Unix network sockets. Its dynamic nature is easily expressible in the SPIN/PROMELA framework but poses performance and scalability challenges. We present here the results of expressing some of the parallel algorithms of MPD and executing verification runs with SPIN. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Matlin, OS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43477-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2318 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW25X UT WOS:000181349100016 ER PT S AU Groce, A Visser, W AF Groce, A Visser, W BE Boesnaecki, D Leue, S TI Heuristic model checking for Java programs SO MODEL CHECKING SOFTWARE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International SPIN Workshop CY APR 11-13, 2002 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Ames, IA USA. RP Groce, A (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43477-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2318 BP 242 EP 245 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW25X UT WOS:000181349100021 ER PT S AU Balazs, B Maxwell, R deTeresa, S Dinh, L Gee, R AF Balazs, B Maxwell, R deTeresa, S Dinh, L Gee, R BE Zavaliangos, A Tikare, V Olevsky, EA TI Damage mechanisms of filled siloxanes for predictive multiscale modeling of aging behavior SO MODELING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MATERIALS BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Materials Behavior and Evolution held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Predictions of component performance versus lifetime are often risky for complex materials in which there may be many underlying aging or degradation mechanisms. In order to develop more accurate predictive models for silica-filled siloxane foam components, we are studying damage mechanisms over a broad range of size domains, linked together through several modeling efforts. Atomistic and molecular dynamic modeling has elucidated the chemistry of the silica filler to polymer interaction, as this interaction plays a key role in this material's aging behavior. This modeling work has been supported by experimental data on the removal of water from the silica surface, the effect of the surrounding polymer on this desiccation, and on the subsequent change in the mechanical properties of the system. Solid State NMR efforts have characterized the evolution of the polymer and filler dynamics as the material is damaged through irradiation or desiccation. These damage signatures have been confirmed by direct measurements of changes in polymer crosslink density and filler interaction as measured by solvent swelling, and by mechanical property tests. Data from the changes at these molecular levels are simultaneously feeding the development of age-aware constitutive models for polymer behavior. In addition, the microstructure of the foam, including while under load, has been determined by Computed Tomography, and these data are being introduced into Finite Element Analysis codes to allow component level models. All of these techniques are directed towards the incorporation of molecular and microstructural aging signatures into predictive models for overall component performance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balazs, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-667-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 731 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mathematics; Materials Science GA BV34T UT WOS:000178623800001 ER PT S AU Marian, J Wirth, BD Schaublin, R Perlado, JM AF Marian, J Wirth, BD Schaublin, R Perlado, JM BE Zavaliangos, A Tikare, V Olevsky, EA TI < 100 > dislocation loop formation and characterization in ferritic materials: Comparison between experiments and modeling SO MODELING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MATERIALS BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Materials Behavior and Evolution held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID BCC IRON; CLUSTERS; ENERGY AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of irradiated ferritic materials reveals the existence of large, interstitial dislocation loops with Burgers vectors 1/2 <111> and <100>. These loops cause hardening of the material by pinning dislocations and impeding their glide during deformation. However, numerous molecular dynamics simulations of collision cascades in alpha-Fe have evidenced the exclusive formation of small, highly mobile, 1/2 <111> clusters. Additionally, continuum dislocation theory and atomistic simulations have shown that 1/2 <111> loops are energetically favored. This introduces the need to explain the mechanisms of formation and growth of <100> loops from small, cascade-produced clusters. The understanding of the physics underlying these phenomena is important for the development of solid damage accumulation models in ferritic materials that are being considered for fusion applications. In this work we propose a comprehensive set of dislocation reactions that explain the nucleation of <100> loops from 1/2 <111> clusters. The growth up to TEM visible sizes of <100> loops through absorption of one-dimensionally migrating 1/2 <111> clusters is also assessed. Finally, a direct comparison of TEM experimental micrographs with atomistic simulation-derived images is presented to show an example of how to help close the gap that exists between modeling and experiments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Marian, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015; Schaeublin, Robin/O-1426-2016 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285; Schaeublin, Robin/0000-0002-8379-9705 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-667-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 731 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mathematics; Materials Science GA BV34T UT WOS:000178623800008 ER PT S AU Barabash, RI Ice, GE Walker, FJ AF Barabash, RI Ice, GE Walker, FJ BE Zavaliangos, A Tikare, V Olevsky, EA TI Modeling and numerical simulations of microdiffraction from deformed crystals SO MODELING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MATERIALS BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Materials Behavior and Evolution held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID X-RAY MICROBEAMS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STRAIN; DEFORMATION; SCATTERING; ROTATION; TEXTURE AB Brilliant synchrotron microprobes offer new opportunities for the analysis of stress/strain and deformation distributions in crystalline materials. Polychromatic x-ray microdiffraction is emerging as a particularly important tool because it allows for local crystal-structure measurements in highly deformed or polycrystalline materials where sample rotations complicate alternative methods; a complete Lane pattern is generated in each volume element intercepted by the probe beam. Although a straightforward approach to the measurement of stress/strain fields through white-beam Lane microdiffraction has been demonstrated, a comparable method for determining the plastic-deformation tensor has not been established. Here we report on modeling efforts that can guide automated fitting of plastic-deformation-tensor distributions in three dimensions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Walker, Frederick/0000-0002-8094-249X NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-667-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 731 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mathematics; Materials Science GA BV34T UT WOS:000178623800014 ER PT S AU Tikare, V Braginsky, MV AF Tikare, V Braginsky, MV BE Zavaliangos, A Tikare, V Olevsky, EA TI Modeling microstructural evolution during sintering in a complex powder compact SO MODELING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MATERIALS BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Materials Behavior and Evolution held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID POTTS-MODEL; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GRAIN-GROWTH; DIFFUSION; KINETICS; SURFACE AB Sintering theory has been developed either as the application of complex diffusion mechanisms to a simple geometry or as the deformation and shrinkage of a continuum body. We present a model that can treat in detail both the evolution of microstructure and the sintering mechanisms, on the mesoscale, so that constitutive equations with detailed microstructural information can be generated. The model is capable of simulating vacancy diffusion by grain boundary diffusion, annihilation of vacancies at grain boundaries resulting in densification, and coarsening of the microstructural features. In this paper, we review the capabilities of this model and present a number of different problems that have been treated by the model. Finally, we discuss the limitations of this model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tikare, V (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-667-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 731 BP 221 EP 225 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mathematics; Materials Science GA BV34T UT WOS:000178623800034 ER PT B AU Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Sherby, OD AF Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Sherby, OD BE Srivatsan, TS Lesuer, DR Taleff, EM TI Modeling the evolution of strength during wire drawing SO MODELING THE PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Modeling the Performance of Engineering Structural Materials CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL COLUMBUS, OH SP Struct Mat Div, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, ASM Int ID PEARLITIC STEEL WIRES; HEAVILY COLD DRAWN AB Extensive plastic deformation during wire drawing is commonly used to produce steel wires with very high strengths. Typically these steels are eutectoid and hypereutectoid steels and drawing strains up to 4 are used during processing. The resulting materials can have tensile strengths in excess of 4000 MPa. The evolution of microstructure and the strengthening mechanisms resulting from wire drawing have been studied for eutectoid and hypereutectoid steels. Strength has been shown to be a function of pearlite colony size, interlamellar spacing and the size of the stable dislocation cells that are produced during wire drawing. The results have been used to model the evolution of strength during wire drawing. Model predictions for the evolution of tensile strength with drawing strain show excellent agreement with data derived from a number of eutectoid and hyperectectoid steels as a function of drawing strain. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lesuer, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-529-8 PY 2002 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV47H UT WOS:000179074400017 ER PT J AU Waller, KL Nunomura, W Cooke, BM Mohandas, N Coppel, RL AF Waller, KL Nunomura, W Cooke, BM Mohandas, N Coppel, RL TI Mapping the domains of the cytoadherence ligand Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) that bind to the knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; malaria; PfEMP1; KAHRP; protein-protein interactions ID HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; RED-CELL MEMBRANE; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; SURFACE; IDENTIFICATION; ADHERENCE; RECEPTOR; SPECTRIN; ANTIGEN; ACTIN C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Tokyo Womens Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628666, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Coppel, RL (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-32094] NR 18 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 119 IS 1 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00395-4 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 514UW UT WOS:000173460300015 PM 11755194 ER PT J AU Krawitz, DC Kama, T Kaufman, PD AF Krawitz, DC Kama, T Kaufman, PD TI Chromatin assembly factor I mutants defective for PCNA binding require Asf1/Hir proteins for silencing SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-REPLICATION INVITRO; CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; C-TERMINAL REGION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HISTONE GENES; MATING LOCI; YEAST; TRANSCRIPTION; INHERITANCE; REPAIR AB Chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-I) is a conserved histone H3/H4 deposition complex. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants lacking CAF-I subunit genes (CAC1 to CAC3) display reduced heterochromatic gene silencing. In a screen for silencing-impaired cac1 alleles, we isolated a mutation that reduced binding to the Cac3p subunit and another that impaired binding to the DNA replication protein PCNA. Surprisingly, mutations in Cac1p that abolished PCNA binding resulted in very minor telomeric silencing defects but caused silencing to be largely dependent on Hir proteins and Asf1p, which together comprise an alternative silencing pathway. Consistent with these phenotypes, mutant CAF-I complexes defective for PCNA binding displayed reduced nucleosome assembly activity in vitro but were stimulated by Asf1p-histone complexes. Furthermore, these mutant CAF-I complexes displayed a reduced preference for depositing histones onto newly replicated DNA. We also observed a weak interaction between Asf1p and Cac2p in vitro, and we hypothesize that this interaction underlies the functional synergy between these histone deposition proteins. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Donner Lab 351, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kaufman, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Donner Lab 351, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 R01 GM55712, R01 GM055712] NR 62 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 614 EP 625 DI 10.1128/MCB.22.2.614-625.2002 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 506QU UT WOS:000172983900021 PM 11756556 ER PT J AU Yoshizawa, N Dresselhaus, MS Fu, RW Satcher, J Boumann, T AF Yoshizawa, N Dresselhaus, MS Fu, RW Satcher, J Boumann, T TI TEM observation of metal-loaded carbon aerogels prepared by an ion-exchange method SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE carbon aerogel; sol-gel polymerization; TEM; XPS; Cu AB Cu-loaded carbon aerogel was prepared by soaking sol-gel production, obtained from K-salt of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, into Cu(NO3)(2) solution. XPS measurement demonstrated that Cu concentration is higher in the outside region of bulk samples, indicating that Cu may be incorporated through an immersing process rather than ion-exchanging. TEM observation showed that, like an aerogel sample with K ions, Cu-loaded organic aerogels had porous texture in which gel particles about 20-30 nmphi were interconnected with each other. Metal-loading process used in this study was considered as a promising method to disperse metals without changing original structure of carbon aerogels. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Zhongshan Univ, PCFM Lab, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yoshizawa, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2002 VL 388 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1080/10587250290113899 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 624GF UT WOS:000179751400013 ER PT J AU Geiser, U Kini, AM Schlueter, JA Wang, HH Williams, JM AF Geiser, U Kini, AM Schlueter, JA Wang, HH Williams, JM TI The search for new superconductors at Argonne National Laboratory SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Chemical Congress of the Pacific-Basin-Societies (Paccifichem 2000) CY DEC 14-19, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Pacific Basin Soc DE organic superconductors bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene; history ID PRESSURE ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; BEDT-TTF; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RADICAL SALT; CONDUCTOR; BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; KAPPA-(ET)2CUCL; BETA-(BEDT-TTF)2I3; TEMPERATURE AB The organic superconductors program at Argonne National Laboratory was started by Jack M. Williams in 1981, Initial studies centered around structural effects in the TMTSF salts. Since 1984, the major emphasis has been on salts of the electron donor bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET). Important milestones include the discovery of a number of new superconductors, among them: beta-(ET)(2)IBr2 (T-c = 2.8 K) and beta-(ET)(2)AuI2 (T-c = 4-5K). These salts led to the first structure-properties relationship in ET salts. kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br (T-c = 11.8 K, ambient pressure) and kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Cl (T-c = 12.5 K at 0.3 kbar pressure) are still the cation radical superconductors with the highest known transition temperatures. The families of kappa(L)- and kappa(H)=(ET)(2)[M(CF3)(4)] (solvent) salts (T-c = 2-11 K) yielded at least 25 new closely related organic superconductors with M = Cu, Ag, Au, and solvent = 1,1,2-trihaloethane. beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 (T-c = 5 K) was the first superconductor where both the radical cation and the charge balancing anion were organic, Recent results in the synthesis and characterization of ET salts with anions similar to SF5CH2CF2SO3- are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Geiser, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2002 VL 380 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1080/10587250290101333 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 589WQ UT WOS:000177784900005 ER PT J AU Eldridge, JE Lin, Y Schlueter, J Wang, HH Kini, AM AF Eldridge, JE Lin, Y Schlueter, J Wang, HH Kini, AM TI Raman and infrared studies of the sharp 890 cm(-1) mode in organic superconductors SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Chemical Congress of the Pacific-Basin-Societies (Paccifichem 2000) CY DEC 14-19, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Pacific Basin Soc DE Raman; infrared; organic; superconductors; electron-phonon ID BEDT-TTF; X-RAY; PHONON; KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)(2)CUBR AB Raman and infrared spectra of several organic superconductors are presented, showing some unusual behaviours of a sharp line at 890 cm(-1) in both spectra. These include a frequency shift below T-c, a positive deuterium isotope shift, frequency softening at low temperatures and sensitivity to lattice superstructure, It is proposed that either the ion or the neutral molecule has a distortion with a strong v(60)(B-3g) mode component. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Eldridge, JE (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2002 VL 380 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1080/10587250290101414 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 589WQ UT WOS:000177784900013 ER PT J AU Brooks, JS Balicas, L Storr, K Ward, BH Uji, S Terashima, T Terakura, C Schlueter, JA Winter, RW Mohtasham, J Gard, GL Papavassiliou, GC Tokumoto, M AF Brooks, JS Balicas, L Storr, K Ward, BH Uji, S Terashima, T Terakura, C Schlueter, JA Winter, RW Mohtasham, J Gard, GL Papavassiliou, GC Tokumoto, M TI Electronic structure of novel cation-radical salts in high magnetic fields SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies CY DEC 14-19, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Chem Soc DE organic conductors; high magnetic fields; electronic structure tomography ID ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR BETA''-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3; BEDT-TTF; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB Two organic conducting materials, where unusual aspects of their composition play important roles, are explored: beta"-(BEDT-TTF)(2)SF(5)XSO(3) which exhibits superconductivity, or a metal-insulator transition (for X = CH(2)CF(2) or CHF respectively), and tau-(P-S,S-DMEDT-TTF)(2)(AuBr(2))(AuBr(2))(y) which exhibits a large, hysteretic, negative magnetoresistance. Detailed angular dependent magnetoresistance studies that allow a tomographic view of the electronic structure of these materials with increasing magnetic fields are presented. C1 Florida State Univ, NHMFL Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Tsukuba Magnet Lab NRIM, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. NHRF, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, Athens, Greece. Electrotech Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Brooks, JS (reprint author), Florida State Univ, NHMFL Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM brooks@magnet.fsu.edu RI Terakura, Chieko/A-5959-2009 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2002 VL 380 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1080/713738693 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 589WQ UT WOS:000177784900015 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Ward, BH Geiser, U Mohtasham, J Winter, RW Gard, GL AF Schlueter, JA Ward, BH Geiser, U Mohtasham, J Winter, RW Gard, GL TI Chemical modification of the superconducting beta ''-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 structure through use of CF3CRR ' SO3- anions SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Chemical Congress of the Pacific-Basin-Societies (Paccifichem 2000) CY DEC 14-19, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Pacific Basin Soc DE organic superconductors; trifluoroethylsulfonate anions bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene; crystal structure ID BEDT-TTF; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL AB Discrete, organic anions provide an attractive alternative for the synthesis of molecular superconductors. M! have previously prepared the first completely organic superconductor, beta"-(BEDT-TTF)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 [BEDT-TTF hereafter abbreviated ET is bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiofulvalene]. Molecular metals which contain organic anions are essentially free of the magnetic impurities (i.e. Cu+2) that often plague the physical property studies of organic superconductors such as kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br. We have undertaken a research effort aimed at the crystallization of conducting charge transfer salts which possess fluorinated alkylsulfonate anions as the charge compensating entities, Herein we report the extension of this work to include the synthesis and characterization of ET suits of the trifluoromethylsulfonate anions, CF3CRR'SO3- (R, R'= F H). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2002 VL 380 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1080/10587250290101469 PG 5 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 589WQ UT WOS:000177784900018 ER PT J AU Watanabe, K Furukawa, Y Kumagai, KI Borsa, F Gatteschi, D AF Watanabe, K Furukawa, Y Kumagai, KI Borsa, F Gatteschi, D TI Mn-55-NMR study of internal magnetic structure of the molecular nanomagnet Mn-12-acetate SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Cooperative Phenomena of Assembled Metal Complexes (AMC2001) CY NOV 15-17, 2001 CL OSAKA, JAPAN DE Mn12 cluster; internal structure; Mn-55-NMR ID CLUSTER; NMR AB Mn-55 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been carried out in Mn12 clusters in order to investigate microscopically the magnetic properties of inner spin structure of the molecule in its high spin S=10 ground state. The external magnetic field dependence of Mn-55-NMR spectrum gives a direct confirmation of the internal magnetic structure of the Mn12 cluster, in which spin moments of Mn4+ (S=3/2) ions are polarized antiparallel to that of Mn3+ (S=2) ions. It is proved that the microscopic spin configuration rotates rigidly when a field up to 8T is applied perpendicular to the easy-axis. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600180, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-271000 Pavia, Italy. Unita INFM Pavia, I-271000 Pavia, Italy. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50144 Florence, Italy. RP Watanabe, K (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600180, Japan. RI Gatteschi, Dante/B-5429-2008; OI Gatteschi, Dante/0000-0002-4859-4317 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2002 VL 379 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1080/10587250290090453 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 587LP UT WOS:000177642600029 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Aizawa, K Kumagai, KI Lascialfari, A Aldrovandi, S Borsa, F Sessoli, R Gatteschi, D AF Furukawa, Y Aizawa, K Kumagai, KI Lascialfari, A Aldrovandi, S Borsa, F Sessoli, R Gatteschi, D TI Spin dynamics of the molecular nanomagnet Fe8 studied by H-1-NMR SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Cooperative Phenomena of Assembled Metal Complexes (AMC2001) CY NOV 15-17, 2001 CL OSAKA, JAPAN DE nanomagnet; Fe8 cluster; nuclear magnetic resonance ID IRON CLUSTER; MAGNETIZATION; RELAXATION AB The proton nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1, has been measured as a function of temperature (T=1.4-4.2K) and magnetic field (H=0.6-5T) in the Fe8 cluster in its high spin S=10 ground state. The strong temperature and field dependence of 1/T-1, can be fitted well by using a simple model in terms of the thermal fluctuations of the total spin S=10 of the cluster originating from the spin-phonon interactions. 1/T-1, data of protons in a partially deuterated Fe8 cluster is also reported. The results indicate that the spin phonon coupling constant is not affected by the change of mass of the isotopes in the Fe8 cluster. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600180, Japan. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-271000 Pavia, Italy. Unita INFM Pavia, I-271000 Pavia, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50144 Florence, Italy. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600180, Japan. RI Gatteschi, Dante/B-5429-2008; Sessoli, Roberta/K-5863-2015; OI Sessoli, Roberta/0000-0003-3783-2700; Gatteschi, Dante/0000-0002-4859-4317 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2002 VL 379 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1080/10587250290090462 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 587LP UT WOS:000177642600030 ER PT J AU Risser, SM Ferris, KF AF Risser, SM Ferris, KF TI Molecular and electronic structure of n-alkyl cyanobiphenyl nematogens SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article DE electronic structure; cyanobiphenyl molecules; dipole moment; liquid crystals ID NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ORIENTATIONAL ORDER; ORBITAL METHODS; PERDEUTERATED BIPHENYL; SUBSTITUTED BIPHENYLS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; GASEOUS STATE AB First principle electronic structure calculations (ab initio and density functional) were performed on a series of substituted cyanobiphenyls to examine the structural and electronic properties as a function of the alkyl tail length and changes in torsion angle about the central bond connecting the rings. We find good agreement between our results and previous electronic structure studies for the optimized torsion angle between phenyls in the cyanobiphenyls, and changes in dipole moment for the cyanobiphenyls. We also find the torsion angle and rotational barriers in cyanobiphenyls to be similar to that in simple biphenyl. However, we find large discrepancies with the recent density functional calculations, which reported a much smaller torsion angle in the cyanobiphenyls. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Core Technol Grp, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Ferris, KF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2002 VL 373 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1080/10587250210545 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 557BE UT WOS:000175886800011 ER PT S AU Pantelides, ST Di Ventra, M Lang, ND AF Pantelides, ST Di Ventra, M Lang, ND BE Aviram, A Ratner, M Mujica, V TI First-principles simulations of molecular electronics SO MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS II SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Molecular Electronics 2000 Conference CY DEC 10-14, 2000 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP United Engn Fdn, Kraft Foods Co, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, USN, Off Naval Res DE I-V characteristics; molecular transistor; molecular contact; benzene molecule ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; RESISTANCE; DEVICE AB This paper gives an overview of recent work by the authors in first-principles, parameter-free calculations of electronic transport in molecules in the context of experimental measurements of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of several molecules by Reed et al. The results show that the shape of I-V characteristics is determined by the electronic structure of the molecule in the presence of the external voltage, whereas the absolute magnitude of the current is determined by the chemistry of individual atoms at the contacts. A three-terminal device has been simulated, showing gain. Finally, recent data that show large negative differential resistance and a peak that shifts substantially as a function of temperature have been accounted for in terms of rotations of ligands attached to the main molecule, a phenomenon that is not present in semiconductor nanostructures. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37861 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Pantelides, ST (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Di Ventra, Massimiliano/E-1667-2011 OI Di Ventra, Massimiliano/0000-0001-9416-189X NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-410-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 960 BP 177 EP 183 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BU38E UT WOS:000175851300012 PM 11971798 ER PT B AU Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Kini, AM Wang, HH AF Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Kini, AM Wang, HH BE Graja, A Bulka, BR Kajzar, F TI Organic superconductors: Designing materials for the future SO MOLECULAR LOW DIMENSIONAL AND NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED APPLICATIONS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Molecular Low-Dimension and Nanostructured Material for Advanced Applications CY SEP 01-05, 2001 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP NATO, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Molec, Polish Comm Sci Res, Polish Acad Sci, Comm Phys, Polski Koncern Nattowy Orlen SA, W L Electronics Bruker- Serv, Lambda Phys, SCHULSTAD Sp z o o ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; T-C; BEDT-TTF; CRYSTAL; BETA''-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3; KAPPA-(ET)(2)CU(NCS)(2); PRESSURE; ANIONS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0578-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 59 BP 139 EP 148 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU81M UT WOS:000177115900013 ER PT J AU Schulte, JA Macey, JR Pethiyagoda, R Larson, A AF Schulte, JA Macey, JR Pethiyagoda, R Larson, A TI Rostral horn evolution among agamid lizards of the genus Ceratophora endemic to Sri Lanka SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE reptilia; squamata; Iguania; Agamidae; Ceratophora; mitochondrial DNA; phylogenetics; character evolution ID TRANSFER-RNA GENES; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; TESTING HYPOTHESES; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; LAUDAKIA-CAUCASIA; IRANIAN PLATEAU; SPECIES GROUP; DNA AB The first phylogenetic hypothesis for the Sri Lankan agamid lizard genus Ceratophora is presented based on 1670 aligned base positions (472 parsimony informative) of mitochondrial DNA sequences, representing coding regions for eight tRNAs, ND2, and portions of ND1 and COI. Phylogenetic analysis reveals multiple origins and possibly losses of rostral horns in the evolutionary history of Ceratophora. Our data suggest a middle Miocene origin of Ceratophora with the most recent branching of recognized species occurring at the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary. Haplotype divergence suggests that an outgroup species, Lyriocephalus scutatus, dates at least to the Pliocene. These phylogenetic results provide a framework for comparative studies of the behavioral ecological importance of horn evolution in this group. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Comparat Genom, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Wildlife Heritage Trust, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka. RP Schulte, JA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Pethiyagoda, Rohan/C-2307-2009 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 26 U1 15 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1006/mpev.2001.1041 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 514DW UT WOS:000173423800010 PM 11796034 ER PT J AU Li, HC McCabe, C Cui, ST Cummings, PT Cochran, HD AF Li, HC McCabe, C Cui, ST Cummings, PT Cochran, HD TI Development of a force field for molecular simulation of the phase equilibria of perfluoromethylpropyl ether SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HELIX REVERSAL DEFECTS; LIQUID MOLAR VOLUMES; ATOMIC CHARGES; FLUORINATED AMPHIPHILES; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; POTENTIAL MODEL; VAPOR-PRESSURES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; ALKANES AB A first step towards the development of a general, realistic potential model for perfluoroether compounds has been to parameterize a united atom model for a short chain perfluoroether perfluoromethylpropyl ether (CF3CF2CF2OCF3). The potential model takes the usual form in which separate bond bending and torsional terms describe the intramolecular interactions with the addition of van der Waals and electrostatic terms to describe the non-bonded interactions. Ab initio quantum calculations have been carried out to obtain the partial charges and intramolecular torsional and bending potentials. Phase equilibrium data were then used to optimize the van der Waals interaction parameters through Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. The resulting model reproduces vapour-liquid equilibrium densities, the critical temperature and the critical density of perfluoromethylpropyl ether, in good agreement with those from experiment. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cochran, HD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 100 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1080/00268970110086336 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 510ZM UT WOS:000173237500003 ER PT S AU Mehta, A Muralidharan, G Passian, A Cherian, S Ferrell, TL Thundat, T AF Mehta, A Muralidharan, G Passian, A Cherian, S Ferrell, TL Thundat, T BE Shea, KJ Yan, M Roberts, MJ Cremer, PS Crooks, RM Sailor, MJ TI A self-locking technique with fast response and high sensitivity for micro-cantilever based sensing of analytes SO MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED MATERIALS-SENSORS AND OTHER DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Molecularly Imprinted Materials/Chemical and Biological Sensors-Materials and Devices held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID DYNAMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE STRESS; MICROCANTILEVERS; FREQUENCY; SENSORS; LIQUID AB MEMS based microcantilevers have been employed as sensors in both liquid and ambient conditions. One scheme for detection is based upon monitoring the change in microcantilever resonant frequency as a function of the adsorbed analyte concentration. However, the sensitivity is limited by the accuracy of the frequency measurements, which is a function of the Q-factor of the vibrating element and the measurement bandwidth. In this paper, we present a feedback scheme for self-locking amplification of the small-amplitude thermal oscillations of the microcantilever. Using this approach, we demonstrate an improvement in the Q-factor by two to three orders of magnitude as compared to that of the undriven microcantilever. Use of this technique eliminates the need for lock-in detection and results in improved response times for sensor applications. Experiments using the proposed feedback amplification technique show improved sensitivity for the detection of biological molecules in liquids, and for adsorbed vapors under ambient conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-659-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 723 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BV58F UT WOS:000179443300021 ER PT S AU Muralidharan, G Wig, A Pinnaduwage, LA Hedden, DL Datskos, PG Thundat, T Lareau, RT AF Muralidharan, G Wig, A Pinnaduwage, LA Hedden, DL Datskos, PG Thundat, T Lareau, RT BE Shea, KJ Yan, M Roberts, MJ Cremer, PS Crooks, RM Sailor, MJ TI Chemical sensing with resistive microcantilevers SO MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED MATERIALS-SENSORS AND OTHER DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Molecularly Imprinted Materials/Chemical and Biological Sensors-Materials and Devices held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID RESONATING MICROCANTILEVERS; EXPLOSIVES DETECTION; SENSORS AB MEMS-based microcantilevers have been proposed for a variety of biological and chemical sensing applications. Measuring the magnitude of microcantilever deflection due to adsorption-induced bending, and following the variation in the resonant frequency of the microcantilevers due to the adsorbed mass are two techniques commonly employed for sensing analytes. Apart from possessing a high level of sensitivity to small changes in mass, microcantilevers: are also very sensitive to small changes in temperature and hence the flow of heat. One way of achieving high sensitivity in thermal measurements is by using a bimaterial microcantilever and measuring its deflection as a result of thermal fluctuations. Commercially available piezoresistive microcantilevers are an example of bimaterial cantilevers and in this study, we propose the use of such cantilevers for sensing explosives. We show that sensing can be accomplished by following the differences in the thermal response of the cantilevers introduced by the presence of explosives adsorbed from the vapor phase onto the surface of the cantilever. We discuss the issues involved in determining the sensitivity of detection and selectivity of detection. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Muralidharan, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-659-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 723 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BV58F UT WOS:000179443300022 ER PT B AU Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW AF Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Performance of Li-alloy/Ag2CrO4 couples in molten LiNO3-KNO3 eutectic electrolyte SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div ID SYSTEM AB In recent years, there has been increasing activity at Sandia to develop a suitable system that could be used at temperatures of 250degreesC or less to power instrumentation used in geothermal and oil/gas boreholes. One system under study is based on the LiNO3-KNO3 eutectic, which melts at 124.5degreesC. As part of this effort, we have been studying the performance of various oxide-based couples in this electrolyte. In this work, we report on the performance Ag2CrO4 cathodes with Li(Si) and Li(Al) alloy anodes. Chemical-compatibility studies of these materials with the molten-nitrate electrolyte were conducted using differential scanning calorimetry. The couples were then tested in single cells at temperatures of 150degrees to 300degreesC at a current density of 7.6 mA/cm(2). In this paper, we present the results of those galvanostatic discharge tests. The relative merits of each system will be described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Guidotti, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 31 EP 42 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100003 ER PT B AU Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW AF Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI All-lithium, iodide-based, low-melting electrolytes for high-temperature batteries SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div AB A number of iodide-based electrolytes were prepared and characterized for potential use in high-temperature batteries. These electrolytes contain only Li cations and are candidate replacements for the current all-Li, LiCl-LiBr-LiF minimum-melting electrolyte that is normally used for high-power thermally activated ("thermal") batteries. The main interest in these alternative electrolytes is their lower melting points relative to that of the present all-Li electrolyte that melts at 436degreesC. The larger liquidus range should allow its use to lower operating temperatures, thereby extending the maximum life of the batteries. In this work, the candidate electrolyte were tested with the Li(Si)/FeS2 couple over a range of operating temperatures to bracket typical operating conditions of thermal batteries. One of the compositions tested shows promise for this application. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Guidotti, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 63 EP 74 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100006 ER PT B AU Dai, S Yuan, CY Lee, BW Liang, CD Makote, RD Luo, HM AF Dai, S Yuan, CY Lee, BW Liang, CD Makote, RD Luo, HM BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Room-temperature ionic liquids for synthesis of advanced materials SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; CHLORIDE MOLTEN-SALT; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; SILICA AEROGEL; SOLVENTS; CONDUCTIVITIES; VISCOSITIES AB A short review of our published results using ionic liquids for synthesis of advanced materials has been given. These results demonstrated superior performance of ionic liquids in synthesizing aerogels, nanocomposite materials, and liquid membranes. We expect that these new materials may find applications in areas such as separation, catalysis, and sensors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 295 EP 304 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100028 ER PT B AU Del Cul, GD Williams, DF Toth, LM Caja, J AF Del Cul, GD Williams, DF Toth, LM Caja, J BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Redox potential of novel electrochemical buffers useful for corrosion prevention in molten fluorides SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div AB Cyclic voltammetry was used to evaluate the standard electrode potential of potential buffers such as Sm(III/II), Yb(III/II), U(IV)/U(III),V(III/II), and Eu(III/II) dissolved in FliNaK (LiF-NaF-KF [46.5-11.5-42.0 mol%]) at 610degreesC. These varied from -1.45V for Yb to -0.64V for Eu, respectively. The value for Sm could not be measured because the reduction potential was below that for the reduction of FLiNaK. A reversible behavior was found for Eu and Yb, while U and V showed a more complex behavior that needs to be further evaluated. The results have shown to be invaluable in selecting a redox buffer for corrosion prevention of structural materials in contact with a molten salt at very high temperatures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Del Cul, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 431 EP 436 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100041 ER PT B AU Costa, DA Oldham, WJ Chavarria, R AF Costa, DA Oldham, WJ Chavarria, R BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Investigation of uranium in bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide based ionic liquids SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div ID MOLTEN-SALTS; TEMPERATURE AB The development of industrial scale ionic liquid based flow sheets is the anticipated outgrowth of fundamental ionic liquid research. The Nuclear Materials Technology (NMT) and Engineering Sciences and Applications (ESA) Divisions at Los Alamos National Laboratory are continuing the development of advanced uranium Decontamination and Conversion (D&C) systems based on the electrolytic stripping of plutonium contaminated uranium surfaces. Development of the aqueous D&C flow sheet has presented several challenges. Chief among these is the need to mitigate the safety concerns associated with the generation of hydrogen during electrolysis. We have found that the effectiveness of the stripping process is in some cases limited by film formation on the uranium anode. The aqueous flow sheet is further complicated by the requirement for pH control throughout the run, and by the ill-defined plutonium baring hydrolysis residues. Our presentation will focus on the preliminary development work toward an ionic liquid based alternative to the current aqueous process. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div NMT 15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Costa, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div NMT 15, Mail Stop E-530, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 500 EP 507 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100049 ER PT B AU Li, SX AF Li, SX BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Anodic process of electrorefining spent nuclear fuel in molten LiCl-KCl-UCl3/Cd system SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div AB This article summarizes the experimental results and engineering aspects regarding the anodic process for electrorefining 100 irradiated driver fuel assemblies, a demonstration project for the Department of Energy (DOE) to treat spent nuclear fuel. The focus is on the anode due to its unique geometry (fuel dissolution baskets loaded with chopped irradiated fuel segments), complex chemical compositions, highly demanding process goals and their significance to the entire spent fuel treatment process. Chemical analysis results of cladding hull samples were used as the key criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of the uranium dissolution and noble metal retention. Parametric study indicated that the diffusion of reactants in the porous fuel matrix was the rate-controlling step to the uranium dissolution from the chopped fuel segments. Anode resistance was the most effective parameter to assess the completeness of uranium dissolution and noble metal retention. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Li, SX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 541 EP 552 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100053 ER PT B AU Oldham, WJ Williams, DB AF Oldham, WJ Williams, DB BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Coordination chemistry and speciation of metal complexes in room-temperature ionic liquids SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div ID LIGAND; CRYSTAL; ANIONS; DONOR AB The most common organic salts used in our lab to prepare ionic liquids include a variety of imidazolium, pyrrolidinium, or acyclic ammonium cations combined with the N-(SO2CF3)(2) anion. This anion has been found to yield ionic liquids with the best combination of physical properties for routine use in chemical applications. Unfortunately, the coordination chemistry of metal complexes in these solvents is almost completely unknown. This proceedings contribution outlines a series of structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical studies undertaken to obtain detailed characterization of the primary coordination sphere of electrophilic metal ions dissolved in N-(SO2CF3)(2) based ionic liquids. It is demonstrated that the N-(SO2CF3)(2) anion can behave as a competent ligand, coordinating to electrophilic metal ions through direct M-N or M-O bonds. The consequences of N-(SO2CF3)(2) coordination on the electronic properties and electrochemical behavior of metal species in these novel chemical environments is presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oldham, WJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, NMT-15,Mail Stop J-514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 983 EP 990 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100098 ER PT J AU Stalker, JR Knupp, KR AF Stalker, JR Knupp, KR TI A method to identify convective cells within multicell thunderstorms from multiple Doppler radar data SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOWNDRAFTS; PRECIPITATION; DRIVEN; MODEL AB Convective cell identification methods, besides their operational utility, are useful to identify cells, to understand cell interactions within multicell thunderstorms, and to distinguish between convective and stratiform regions within mesoscale convective systems. The method developed in this note was utilized for research on cell interactions within the 9 August 1991 Convection and Precipitation/Electrification (CaPE) multicell thunderstorm. A critical component of such research is an objective method to accurately depict all significant convective cells within an evolving multicell thunderstorm. While conventional methods based upon radar reflectivity can be successfully used in identifying cells, especially when the cells are in their growth stage, the methods are not as useful during the later stages of cell growth. This is because updraft and precipitation cores are not collocated at these advanced stages, and thus the reflectivity (precipitation) core may not be a good indicator of convectively active regions. The method presented in this note uses four objective criteria to define and identify convective cells within multicell thunderstorms. These criteria are chosen from a prestorm proximity sounding using the air parcel theory. The four objective criteria and their threshold values for the CaPE storm included in parentheses are 1) a threshold updraft W-d (similar to8 m s(-1)), 2) a threshold cloud-layer depth D-d (similar to4.9 km), 3) a threshold updraft area A(d) (similar to1 km(2)), and 4) cell origin within the planetary boundary layer indicated by the W-pbl (similar to3 m s(-1)) contour. Since the method is based upon upward motion and not reflectivity factor, multiple Doppler radar data are required to utilize this method. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alabama, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Stalker, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, EES-8,Mail Stop D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2002 VL 130 IS 1 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0188:AMTICC>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 502AU UT WOS:000172721600015 ER PT J AU Zhuang, D Edgar, JH Liu, LH Liu, B Walker, L AF Zhuang, D Edgar, JH Liu, LH Liu, B Walker, L TI Wet chemical etching of AlN single crystals SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Anisotropic chemical etching is an important means for characterizing the polarity and defect density of single crystals. In this letter, we present the results of our studies on the etching of bulk AlN crystals in aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. The nitrogen polarity (0001) basal plane initially etched rapidly, while the aluminum polarity basal plane, and prismatic (1 (1) over bar 00) planes were not etched. The etch rate of the nitrogen polarity basal plane eventually decreased to zero, as the surface became completely covered with hexagonal hillocks which were bounded by {1 (1) over bar 01} planes. The hillock density for the self-seeded AlN crystals studied was typically in the range of 5 x 10(7) cm(-2) to 10(9) cm(-2). From our analysis of etched AlN crystals, we infer that freely nucleated crystals predominately have the nitrogen to aluminum direction pointing out from the nucleation surface, that is the ends of the AlN crystals facing the source are aluminum polarity. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhuang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 12 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 18 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2002 VL 7 IS 4 AR 4 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 570NM UT WOS:000176664400001 ER PT B AU Parker, LE Fregene, K Guo, Y Madhavan, R AF Parker, LE Fregene, K Guo, Y Madhavan, R BE Schultz, AC Parker, LE TI Distributed heterogeneous sensing for outdoor multi-robot localization, mapping, and path planning SO MULTI-ROBOT SYSTEMS: FROM SWARMS TO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Multi-Robot Systems CY MAR, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Naval Res Lab DE distributed sensing; heterogeneous robots; outdoor navigation AB Our objective is to develop a team of autonomous mobile robots that are able to operate in previously unfamiliar outdoor environments. In these environments, the robot teams should be able to cooperatively localize even when DGPS is not consistently available, to autonomously generate rough elevation maps of their terrain, and to use these generated maps to plan multi-robot paths that enable them to accomplish their mission objective, such as reconnaissance and surveillance or perimeter security. This paper briefly outlines our approaches to achieving this objective, along with some of our implementation results on our team of four ATRV-mini mobile robots. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parker, LE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0679-9 PY 2002 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BV23S UT WOS:000178302300003 ER PT B AU Feddema, JT Schoenwald, DA AF Feddema, JT Schoenwald, DA BE Schultz, AC Parker, LE TI Stability analysis of decentralized cooperative controls SO MULTI-ROBOT SYSTEMS: FROM SWARMS TO INTELLIGENT AUTOMATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Multi-Robot Systems CY MAR, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Naval Res Lab DE mobile robotics; optimal cooperative controls AB This paper describes how large-scale decentralized control theory may be used to analyze the stability of multiple cooperative robotic vehicles. Models of cooperation are discussed from a decentralized control system point of view. Whereas decentralized control research in the past has concentrated on using decentralized controllers to partition complex physically interconnected systems, this work uses decentralized methods to connect otherwise independent non-touching robotic vehicles so that they behave in a stable, coordinated fashion. A vector Liapunov method is used to prove stability of two examples: the controlled motion of multiple vehicles along a line and the controlled motion of multiple vehicles in a plane. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM Jtfedde@sandia.gov; daschoe@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0679-9 PY 2002 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BV23S UT WOS:000178302300012 ER PT B AU Parkinson, WJ Smith, RE Mortensen, FN Wantuck, PJ Jamshidi, M Ross, T AF Parkinson, WJ Smith, RE Mortensen, FN Wantuck, PJ Jamshidi, M Ross, T BE Jamshidi, M Hata, Y Fathi, M Homaifar, A Jamshidi, JS TI Fuzzy SPC filter for a feed-forward control system for a three-phase oil field centrifuge SO MULTIMEDIA, IMAGE PROCESSING AND SOFT COMPUTING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE centrifuge; fuzzy logic; feed-forward control; signal filter; statistical process control (SPC) AB In this work we describe a signal filter for a feed-forward controller based on the application of fuzzy logic combined with statistical process control (SPC). The feed-forward controller is for a three-phase oil field centrifuge. The centrifuge system is used to separate meta-stable three-phase emulsions consisting of oil and water stabilized by solids. These emulsions are considered to be unusable wastes and must be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. The centrifuge is capable of fuming these wastes into clean saleable oil, water that can be reused in an operating process or re-injected into oil wells and, solids that can be disposed of in landfills. The feed-forward controller is used for feed disturbance rejection. It works in conjunction with and, is capable of over-riding the actions of, a feedback controller. The measured feed variables for the feed-forward controller each exhibit reasonably large random fluctuations. It is therefore quite important to use a signal filter that truly recognizes the difference between random noise and a "caused" event, in order to prevent overriding a perfectly good correction from the feedback controller. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Parkinson, WJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-18-5 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 13 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV86P UT WOS:000180264900009 ER PT B AU Smith, RE Parkinson, WJ Miller, NJ AF Smith, RE Parkinson, WJ Miller, NJ BE Jamshidi, M Hata, Y Fathi, M Homaifar, A Jamshidi, JS TI Comparison of soft computing techniques for a three-phase oil field centrifuge SO MULTIMEDIA, IMAGE PROCESSING AND SOFT COMPUTING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE fuzzy logic; neural networks; soft sensor; soft computing AB In this work we compare fuzzy techniques to neural network techniques for building a soft sensor for a three-phase oil field centrifuge. The soft sensor is used in a feed-forward control system that augments a feedback control system. Two approaches were used to develop the soft sensor. The first approach was to use a fuzzy rule based system based upon the experience of an expert operator. The expert operator's experience was supplemented using a computer model of the system. The second approach was to use a neural network to build the inverse of the computer model. The pros and cons of both techniques are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Smith, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-18-5 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 13 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV86P UT WOS:000180264900011 ER PT B AU Hench, K Christensen, W Gallant, D Hinde, R Lopez, A Martin, C Phillips, T AF Hench, K Christensen, W Gallant, D Hinde, R Lopez, A Martin, C Phillips, T BE Jamshidi, M Hata, Y Fathi, M Homaifar, A Jamshidi, JS TI Modeling eddy current analysis data to determine depth of weld penetration SO MULTIMEDIA, IMAGE PROCESSING AND SOFT COMPUTING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE eddy current inspection; weld penetration; neural networks AB The Applied Engineering Technology Group in the Engineering Sciences and Applications Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory is currently providing the design, engineering, assembly, and testing of an eddy current instrument for weld inspection. This instrument is designed to provide an in situ weld depth measurement of nuclear weapons primary components during fabrication. The goal of this effort is to improve the accuracy and reliability of the measurement of the weld joint depth and provide a mechanism for inspection without removing the part from the fixture. This feature is essential to accommodate the re-welding process if the inspection fails. The production system consists of a commercially available eddy current instrument and eddy current probe connected to a portable PC. The objective of the system software is acquire and analyze voltage and phase angle data to produce a near-real time estimate of weld depth. The data obtained from the instrument are perfectly suited for analysis by a neural network technique. This paper compares the effectiveness of a neural network application with traditional mathematical models for the analysis of weld depth information. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hench, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-18-5 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 13 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV86P UT WOS:000180264900012 ER PT B AU Booker, JM Meyer, MA AF Booker, JM Meyer, MA BE Jamshidi, M Hata, Y Fathi, M Homaifar, A Jamshidi, JS TI Uncertainty quantification: Methods and examples from probability and fuzzy theories SO MULTIMEDIA, IMAGE PROCESSING AND SOFT COMPUTING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE uncertainty quantification; expert judgment; fuzzy set theory; probability theory AB Uncertainties arise from many sources: random effects, measurement errors, modeling choices, parameter choices, inference processes, application of expertise, decision making, and lack of knowledge, to name a few. Characterizing or estimating these is often a daunting task, involving the gathering and analysis of data, knowledge and information. Often this information is in qualitative form, and often the source is from human experience and cognitive processes. Because uncertainty is a broadly encompassing topic, we will provide some definitions to focus the issues and present a philosophy with some guidelines for understanding and handling uncertainties of specific types. As part of that philosophy, we recommend formal expert elicitation and analysis methods for estimating, quantifying and propagating uncertainties through a complex problem. Some examples are presented illustrating some of the aspects in quantifying uncertainties of various types. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Booker, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-18-5 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 13 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV86P UT WOS:000180264900022 ER PT B AU Reardon, BJ Booker, JM Dolin, RM Faust, CL Hamada, MS AF Reardon, BJ Booker, JM Dolin, RM Faust, CL Hamada, MS BE Jamshidi, M Hata, Y Fathi, M Homaifar, A Jamshidi, JS TI Engineering index: The quantification of uncertain margins and reliabilities with sparse data SO MULTIMEDIA, IMAGE PROCESSING AND SOFT COMPUTING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE uncertainty quantification; capability index; Bayesian inference AB The Engineering Index (EI) provides a measure of goodness for engineered systems, subsystems, components, and product functions. The El supports certification and planning endeavors by assessing both a product's current state as well as inferring how a system potentially changes over time relative to their requirements. This work will show how Bayes Theorem can be used to accomplish this inference. The inference available through El allows decision makers to plan for, and possibly mitigate, problems ahead of a crisis by estimating how a product's changes impacts system performance. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reardon, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-18-5 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 13 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV86P UT WOS:000180264900023 ER PT B AU Bott, TF Elsenhawer, SW AF Bott, TF Elsenhawer, SW BE Jamshidi, M Hata, Y Fathi, M Homaifar, A Jamshidi, JS TI Evaluating complex systems when numerical information is sparse SO MULTIMEDIA, IMAGE PROCESSING AND SOFT COMPUTING: TRENDS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE TSI PRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biannual World Automation Congress CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Univ Cent Florida, Florida Atlantic Univ DE system modeling; uncertainty; approximate reasoning; fuzzy sets AB Analyzing complex systems for which there is insufficient information for a complete quantitative characterization is a common problem encountered in military and research applications. As a result of repeated experience with this situation, we developed an approach that uses integrated logic modeling and approximate reasoning to make sophisticated and complicated predictions and decisions about systems with significant gaps in quantitative understanding. We describe how a process tree can be used to gain better understanding of complex physical or operational processes. We show how this understanding can be used to develop an approximate reasoning decision model that efficiently uses experience and expert judgment to make reasonable decisions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bott, TF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSI PRESS PI ALBUQUERQUE PA PO BOX 14126, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87191-4126 USA BN 1-889335-18-5 J9 TSI PRESS S PY 2002 VL 13 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV86P UT WOS:000180264900024 ER PT S AU Stoller, P Celliers, PM Reiser, KM Rubenchik, AM AF Stoller, P Celliers, PM Reiser, KM Rubenchik, AM BE Periasamy, A So, PTC TI Imaging collagen orientation using polarization-modulated second harmonic generation SO MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY IN THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences II CY JAN 20-22, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE second harmonic generation; polarization; ultra-short pulse laser; scanning microscopy; collagen; rat-tail tendon; liver fibrosis; knee cartilage; porcine skin ID LASER-PULSES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; MICROSCOPY AB We use polarization-modulated second harmonic generation to image fiber orientation in collagen tissues, with an axial resolution of about 10 gm and a transverse resolution of up to 1 gin. A linearly polarized ultra-short pulse (200 fs) Ti:Sapphire laser beam is modulated using an electro-optic modulator and quarter-wave plate combination and focused onto a translation stage mounted sample using a microscope objective. The generated second harmonic light is collected using a photomultiplier tube and demodulated using phase sensitive detection to obtain signal intensity and fiber orientation information. In order to obtain second harmonic generation images of different types of collagen organization, we analyze several different tissues, including rat-tail tendon, mouse aorta, mouse fibrotic liver, and porcine skin. We can use our technique to image fibrotic tissue in histological sections of damaged liver and to identify burned tissue in porcine skin to a depth of a few hundred microns. Polarization-modulated second harmonic generation potentially could be a useful clinical technique for diagnosing collagen related disease or damage, especially in the skin. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stoller, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, POB 808,L-174, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4359-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4620 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.470690 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics GA BU92R UT WOS:000177418400020 ER PT S AU Chawla, NV Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Moore, TE Kegelmeyer, WP AF Chawla, NV Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Moore, TE Kegelmeyer, WP BE Roli, F Kittler, J TI Distributed pasting of small votes SO MULTIPLE CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems CY JUN 24-26, 2002 CL CAGLIARI, ITALY SP Univ Cagliari, Dept Elect & Electr Engn, Univ Surrey, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit ID DECISION TREES; CLASSIFICATION AB Bagging and boosting are two popular ensemble methods that achieve better accuracy than a single classifier. These techniques have limitations on massive datasets, as the size of the dataset can be a bottleneck. Voting many classifiers built on small subsets of data ("pasting small votes") is a promising approach for learning from massive datasets. Pasting small votes can utilize the power of boosting and bagging, and potentially scale up to massive datasets. We propose a framework for building hundreds or thousands of such classifiers on small subsets of data in a-distributed environment. Experiments show this approach is fast, accurate, and scalable to massive datasets. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Engn & Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chawla, NV (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43818-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2364 BP 52 EP 61 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV79N UT WOS:000180068000005 ER PT S AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV BE Hyder, AK Shahbazian, E Waltz, E TI Multisensor fusion under unknown distributions finite-sample performance guarantees SO MULTISENSOR FUSION SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Multisensor Data Fusion CY JUN 25-JUL 07, 2000 CL PITOCHRY, SCOTLAND SP NATO Adv Stud Inst ID FEEDFORWARD SIGMOIDAL NETWORKS; NADARAYA-WATSON ESTIMATOR; NEURAL NETWORKS; SENSOR FUSION; BOUNDED WEIGHTS; COMBINATIONS; COMPLEXITY; EFFICIENT; LEARNERS; SYSTEMS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci, Adv Res Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci, Adv Res Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Raons@ornl.gov NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-0723-X; 1-4020-0722-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2002 VL 70 BP 295 EP 329 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV25Q UT WOS:000178338700012 ER PT S AU Phillips, TD Lemke, SL Grant, PG AF Phillips, TD Lemke, SL Grant, PG BE DeVries, JW Trucksess, MW Jackson, LS TI Characterization of clay-based enterosorbents for the prevention of aflatoxicosis SO MYCOTOXINS AND FOOD SAFETY SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mycotoxins and Food Safety CY AUG 21-23, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID SODIUM-CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; KI-RAS ONCOGENE; HIGH-AFFINITY; IN-VITRO; BROILER-CHICKENS; T-2 TOXICOSIS; GROWING SWINE; TOXICITY; EFFICACY; RATS AB Appropriate chemical interventions that can block, retard, or significantly diminish foodborne exposure to aflatoxins are high priorities. A practical and effective approach to the aflatoxin problem has been the dietary inclusion of a processed calcium montmorillonite clay (HSCAS). HSCAS acts as an enterosorbent that rapidly and preferentially binds aflatoxins in the gastrointestinal tract resulting in decreased aflatoxin uptake and bioavailability. In mechanistic studies, we have shown that the intact dicarbonyl system in aflatoxin is essential for optimal sorption by HSCAS. Evidence also suggests that aflatoxins react at multiple sites on HSCAS clay surfaces (especially those within the interlayer region). Due to conceivable risks associated with the dietary inclusion of nonspecific binding agents, all aflatoxin enterosorbents should be tested in sensitive animal models for efficacy, safety, and the potential for nutrient interactions. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Fac Toxicol, VAPH, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Phillips, TD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Fac Toxicol, VAPH, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42-ES04917, ES09106] NR 89 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46780-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2002 VL 504 BP 157 EP 171 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU17X UT WOS:000175261000013 PM 11922083 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Wong, SS AF Banerjee, S Wong, SS TI Functionalization of carbon nanotubes with a metal-containing molecular complex SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Raw and oxidized carbon nanotubes have been reacted with Vaska's complex. It has been found that Ir coordinates to these nanotubes by two distinctive pathways. With raw nanotubes, the process is through a eta(2)-coordination process. With oxidized nanotubes, the reaction occurs by coordination through the increased number of oxygen atoms, forming a hexacoordinate structure around the Ir atom. The reaction process significantly increases oxidized nanotube solubility in dimethylformamide. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 25 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1021/nl010070j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 525NQ UT WOS:000174078200011 ER PT S AU Wilkinson, TJ Perry, DL Spiller, E Berdahl, P Derenzo, SE Weber, MJ AF Wilkinson, TJ Perry, DL Spiller, E Berdahl, P Derenzo, SE Weber, MJ BE Singh, RK Hofmann, H Senna, M Partch, R Muhammed, M TI A facile wet synthesis of nanoparticles of litharge, the tetragonal form of PbO SO NANOPARTICULATE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoparticulate Materials held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID PHASE-TRANSITION; TRANSFORMATION AB The red, tetragonal form of lead oxide, alpha-PbO, litharge, has been synthesized in the nanoparticle range using a rapid, one-step reaction sequence using water as the reaction medium. The product was characterized by powder x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. With time at room temperature, the original material slowly changed in color intensity, indicating its alteration to beta-PbO, massicot. Grinding the aged material converted it back to the original litharge form. The role of impurities in the experimental synthesis of the material and microstructural variations in the final product are discussed, along with the PbO-phase compositions of commercial products. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilkinson, TJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-1150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-640-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 704 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BV02Q UT WOS:000177647200018 ER PT S AU Rehn, LE Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE Baldo, PM Funk, L AF Rehn, LE Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE Baldo, PM Funk, L BE Singh, RK Hofmann, H Senna, M Partch, R Muhammed, M TI Shock-wave synthesis of nanoparticles during ion sputtering SO NANOPARTICULATE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoparticulate Materials held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CLUSTERS; SILVER AB We report electron microscopy studies of nanoparticles (500 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 10(4), where n is the number of atoms in a given cluster) that are sputtered from the surface by high-energy ion impacts. Measurements of the sizes of these clusters yielded an inverse power-law distribution with an exponent of -2 that is independent of irradiating ion species and total sputtering yield. This inverse-square dependence indicates that these nanoclusters are produced when shock waves, generated by sub-surface displacement cascades, impact and ablate the surface. Such nanoparticles consist of simple fragments of the original surface, i.e., ones that have not undergone any large thermal excursion. As discussed below, this "ion ablation" technique should therefore be useful for synthesizing nanoparticles of a wide variety of alloy compositions and phases. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehn, LE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Donnelly, Stephen/0000-0002-9749-5550 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-640-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 704 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BV02Q UT WOS:000177647200028 ER PT S AU White, CW Withrow, SP Budai, JD Boatner, LA Sorge, KD Thompson, JR Beaty, KS Meldrum, A AF White, CW Withrow, SP Budai, JD Boatner, LA Sorge, KD Thompson, JR Beaty, KS Meldrum, A BE Singh, RK Hofmann, H Senna, M Partch, R Muhammed, M TI Formation of ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticles by ion implantation SO NANOPARTICULATE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanoparticulate Materials held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GRANULAR THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Oriented ferromagnetic FePt narroparticles with the face-centered tetragonal L 10 structure were produced in Al2O3 single crystal hosts by ion implantation and annealing. Both the orientation and particle-size of the FePt particles depend strongly on the implantation conditions. The magnetic coercivities are extremely high, reaching values in excess of 20 kOe for Pt concentrations of similar to45% in the FePt alloy. Ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticles were also produced in amorphous SiO2 by ion implantation and annealing. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP White, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Budai, John/R-9276-2016; OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Buchanan, Kristen/0000-0003-0879-0038 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-640-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 704 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BV02Q UT WOS:000177647200029 ER PT S AU Yang, HS Eastman, JA Thompson, LJ Bai, GR AF Yang, HS Eastman, JA Thompson, LJ Bai, GR BE Komarneni, S Parker, JC Vaia, RA Lu, GQ Matsushita, JI TI Grain-size-dependent thermal transport properties in nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia SO NANOPHASE AND NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials IV held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTANCE AB Understanding the role of grain boundaries in controlling heat flow is critical to the success of many envisioned applications of nanocrystalline materials. This study focuses on the effect of grain boundaries on thermal transport behavior in nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. A strong grain-size-dependent reduction in thermal conductivity is observed at all temperatures from 6-480 K. The behavior is due primarily to the effect of interfacial (Kapitza) resistance on thermal transport. In response to the application of heat to a material, interfacial resistance results in a small temperature discontinuity at every grain boundary, an effect that is magnified in nanocrystalline materials because of the large number of grain boundaries. The observed behavior in YSZ is compared with predictions derived from a diffuse-mismatch model. Implications for the possible development of improved thermal barriers based on nano-layered structures with large interfacial thermal resistance are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, HS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-639-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 703 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86Z UT WOS:000177252100026 ER PT S AU Allen, CW Birtcher, RC Dahmen, U Furuya, K Song, M Donnelly, SE AF Allen, CW Birtcher, RC Dahmen, U Furuya, K Song, M Donnelly, SE BE Komarneni, S Parker, JC Vaia, RA Lu, GQ Matsushita, JI TI What Xe nanocrystals in Al can teach us in materials science SO NANOPHASE AND NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS IV SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials IV held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; COALESCENCE; ALUMINUM; BEHAVIOR AB Noble gases are generally very insoluble in solids. For example, Xe implanted into Al at 300 K forms a fine dispersion of crystalline precipitates and, at large enough fluence, fluid precipitates, both of which are stabilized, relative to the gas phase, by the Laplace pressure due to precipitate/matrix interface tensions. High resolution electron microscopy has been performed to determine the largest Xe nanocrystalline precipitate in local equilibrium with fluid Xe precipitates within the Al matrix. From the shape and size of the largest crystal and the Laplace pressure associated with its interface, we show that the interface tensions can be derived by setting the Laplace pressure equal to the pressure for solid/fluid Xe equilibrium derived from bulk Xe compression isotherms at the temperature of equilibration and observation. The Xe/Al interface tensions thus derived are in the range of accepted values of surface tensions for the Al matrix. Furthermore, it is suggested that this same technique may be employed to estimate unknown surface tensions of a solid matrix from the size and shape of maximal nanocrystals of a noble gas element, which have been equilibrated in that matrix at the temperature of observation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allen, CW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Donnelly, Stephen/0000-0002-9749-5550 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-639-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 703 BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86Z UT WOS:000177252100069 ER PT S AU Lewis, LH Crew, DC AF Lewis, LH Crew, DC BE Komarneni, S Parker, JC Vaia, RA Lu, GQ Matsushita, JI TI The coercivity - Remanence tradeoff in nanocrystalline permanent magnets SO NANOPHASE AND NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials IV held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ND-FE-B AB The energy product (BH)(max) is a figure of merit quantifying the maximum amount of useful work that can be performed by the magnet. The energy product is determined by the magnetic remanence and the coercivity which, as extrinsic properties, are determined by the magnets' microstructure. Thus, in principle, magnetic material microstructures may be tailored to obtain defined parameters to produce optimal permanent magnets. However, as asserted by the eponymous Murphy, "Nature favors the hidden flaw". While there is still much undeveloped potential in nanomagnetic materials, with relevant length scales on the order of 100 (A)over circle, accumulating evidence strongly suggests that maximum remanence and maximum coercivity are mutually exclusive in nanocrystalline magnetic materials. Diverse experimental and computational results obtained from nanocrystalline Nd2Fe14B-based magnets produced by melt-spinning techniques and subjected to various degrees of thermomechanical deformation confirm this conclusion. Recent results obtained from temperature-dependent magnetic measurement, magnetic force microscopy and simple micromagnetic modeling will be reviewed and summarized. The results, while somewhat discouraging, do hint at possible materials design routes to sidestep the inherent performance limitations of the magnetic nanostructures. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lewis, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-639-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 703 BP 565 EP 576 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86Z UT WOS:000177252100085 ER PT S AU Zhang, ZT Blom, DA Dai, S AF Zhang, ZT Blom, DA Dai, S BE Sayari, A Jaroniec, M TI Organizing one-dimensional molecular wires in ordered mesoporous silica SO NANOPOROUS MATERIALS III SE PERSPECTIVES IN ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Nanoporous Materials CY JUN 12-15, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Univ Ottawa, Fac Sci, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Molec Sci ID MIXED-VALENCE COMPLEXES; PLATINUM COMPLEXES; PALLADIUM; MCM-41; SIEVES; PORES AB We have successfully developed a methodology to assemble molecular wires inside channels of MCM-41. The new method can be generalized to prepare other interesting molecular wires based on charge stabilization between the walls of MCM-41 and molecular wires. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-51113-X J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2002 VL 141 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BW11S UT WOS:000180926800021 ER PT S AU Fryxell, GE Lin, YH Wu, H Kemner, KM AF Fryxell, GE Lin, YH Wu, H Kemner, KM BE Sayari, A Jaroniec, M TI Environmental applications of self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SAMMS) SO NANOPOROUS MATERIALS III SE PERSPECTIVES IN ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Nanoporous Materials CY JUN 12-15, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Univ Ottawa, Fac Sci, Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Molec Sci AB The field of mesoporous ceramics has provided a versatile foundation upon which to create high efficiency environmental sorbents. These nanostructured materials provide a huge amount of surface area in a very small volume. Self-assembled monolayers provide a simple and direct method of chemically derivatizing ceramic oxide surfaces. The marriage of mesoporous ceramics with self-assembled monolayer chemistry has created a powerful new class of environmental sorbent materials. These nanoporous hybrid materials are highly efficient sorbents, whose interfacial chemistry has been fine-tuned to selectively sequester a specific target species, such as heavy metals (e.g. mercury, cadmium and lead), and oxometallate anions (e.g. chromate, arsenate). Details addressing the design, synthesis and characterization of SAMMS materials specifically designed to sequester radionuclides of importance to the post-Cold War DOE clean-up (such as plutonium and cesium), as well as evaluation of their binding properties are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-51113-X J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2002 VL 141 BP 583 EP 590 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BW11S UT WOS:000180926800074 ER PT S AU Noy, A Miller, AE Klare, JE Weeks, BL Woods, BW DeYoreo, JJ AF Noy, A Miller, AE Klare, JE Weeks, BL Woods, BW DeYoreo, JJ BE Cao, G Kirk, WP TI Fabrication of luminescent nanostructures by dip-pen nanolithography SO NANOSCALE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoscale Optics and Applications CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE dip-pen nanolithography; single molecules; polymer nanowires; deposition kinetics ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; INK; AFM AB We used a combination of dip-pen nanolithography and scanning optical confocal microscopy to fabricate and visualize luminescent nanoscale patterns of various materials on glass substrates. We show that this method can be used successfully to push the limits, of dip-pen nanolithography down to controlled deposition of single molecules. We also demonstrate that this method is able to create and visualize protein patterns on surfaces. Finally, we show that our method can be used to fabricate polymer nanowires of controlled size using conductive polymers. We also present a kinetic model that accurately describes the deposition process. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94538 USA. RP Noy, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-234, Livermore, CA 94538 USA. RI Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4577-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4809 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1117/12.451184 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BV73V UT WOS:000179916900030 ER PT S AU Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Schittenhelm, H Fan, XD Britt, PF Guillorn, MA Simpson, ML Merkulov, VI Austin, DW Pennycook, SJ Joy, DC AF Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Schittenhelm, H Fan, XD Britt, PF Guillorn, MA Simpson, ML Merkulov, VI Austin, DW Pennycook, SJ Joy, DC BE Murakami, K Geohegan, DB Trager, F TI Laser-synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes with time-resolved in situ diagnostics SO NANOSCIENCE USING LASER-SOLID INTERACTIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoscience Using Laser-Solid Interactions CY JAN 24-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID VAPORIZATION; ABLATION; DYNAMICS; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH AB Laser vaporization (LV) is a remarkably versatile technique for the catalytically-aided synthesis of nanomaterials, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). SWNT show remarkable promise for future generations of electronics and structural materials, however their application and commercialization has been hampered by a lack of control over the synthesis process, and low production quantities. Time-resolved in situ spectroscopic investigations of the laser-vaporization SWNT-synthesis process are described which are yielding some of the first direct determinations of carbon nanotube growth mechanisms and rates necessary to evaluate strategies for controllable synthesis and large-scale production. Our measurements indicate that SWNT grow over extended annealing times during the LV process by the conversion of condensed phase nanoparticulate feedstock. These measurements were extended to grow carbon nanotubes by CO2-laser-annealing heat treatments of carbon and metal nanoparticle mixtures, offering an alternative synthesis approach to vapor-phase methods. These results present opportunities for scaled-up production of nanomaterials compatible with commercial high-power laser technology. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geohegan, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4375-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4636 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.459725 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU46V UT WOS:000176068200001 ER PT B AU Mao, SS Russo, RE Yang, PD AF Mao, SS Russo, RE Yang, PD BE Peckerar, MC Postek, MT TI Optical energy conversion in crystalline nanowires SO NANOSTRUCTURE SCIENCE, METROLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructure Science, Metrology, and Technology CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, USN, Off Res DE nanowire; laser; exciton ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CARBON AB One-dimensional nanostructures hold the promise of becoming critical elements for next generation nanoscale electronic and photonic devices. While significant efforts have been devoted to the development of nanotube or nanowire based transistors, little has been done on their photonic counterpart. Here we summarize our recent efforts on one-dimensional crystalline nanostructures, in particular, the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires grown on a sapphire substrate. ZnO is a wide bandgap (3.37 eV) compound semiconductor that is especially suitable for blue and ultraviolet (UV) optoelectronic applications. Room-temperature optical energy conversion and stimulated UV light emission from ZnO nanowires are emphasized, along with a discussion of potential applications of nanoscale lasers. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-4347-6 PY 2002 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1117/12.438455 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV16M UT WOS:000178040400027 ER PT S AU Jinschek, JR Kisielowski, C Radetic, T Dahmen, U Lentzen, M Thust, A Urban, K AF Jinschek, JR Kisielowski, C Radetic, T Dahmen, U Lentzen, M Thust, A Urban, K BE Plitzko, JM Duscher, G Zhu, Y Ichinose, H TI Quantitative HRTEM investigation of an obtuse angle dislocation reaction in gold with a C-s corrected field emission microscope SO NANOSTRUCTURED INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanostructured Interfaces held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-04, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION AB We investigate quantitatively the non periodic arrangement of atom columns surrounding an obtuse angle dislocation reaction in gold utilizing a CM200 FEG instrument equipped with a spherical aberration corrector. The in-plane component of the Burgers vector of the observed stair-rod dislocation is 1/6 [110]. Column positions are determined from single lattice images and compared with those from a reconstructed electron exit wave. We find that absolute position measurements of 1-3 pm require knowledge of the defocus to better than 1 nm which can be achieved by a reconstruction of the exit-plane wave. In contrast, a defocus value of 8.9 nm already leads to apparent displacements as large as 35 pm if single lattice images are considered. Such discrepancies are either caused by residual lens aberrations or by the superposition of delocalization effects at interfaces caused by defocusing of the objective lens. Commonly, however, only relative displacements are of interest. In this case the C-S corrector improves the interpretability of single defocused lattice images with a remarkable signal to noise ratio which is advantageous for in-situ experiments. As an example for analyzing in-situ experiments we determine displacements recorded in a time resolved experiment of radiation induced atom motion on surfaces. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NCEM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jinschek, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NCEM, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 72-125, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Thust, Andreas/K-5856-2013; Lentzen, Markus/K-8291-2013 OI Thust, Andreas/0000-0001-6416-7617; Lentzen, Markus/0000-0003-1609-7823 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-663-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 727 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BV71D UT WOS:000179873200001 ER PT J AU Perelson, AS AF Perelson, AS TI Modelling viral and immune system dynamics SO NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; CD8(+) T-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; IN-VIVO; HIV-1 INFECTION; MATHEMATICAL-ANALYSIS; COMBINATION THERAPY AB During the past 6 years, there have been substantial advances in our understanding of human immunodeficiency virus I and other viruses, such as hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, that cause chronic infection. The use of mathematical modelling to interpret experimental results has made a significant contribution to this field. Mathematical modelling is also improving our understanding of T-cell dynamics and the quantitative events that underlie the immune response to pathogens. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 101 TC 440 Z9 452 U1 8 U2 44 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1474-1733 J9 NAT REV IMMUNOL JI Nat. Rev. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1038/nri700 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 635KP UT WOS:000180398300021 PM 11905835 ER PT J AU Korolev, S Ikeguchi, Y Skarina, T Beasley, S Arrowsmith, C Edwards, A Joachimiak, A Pegg, AE Savchenko, A AF Korolev, S Ikeguchi, Y Skarina, T Beasley, S Arrowsmith, C Edwards, A Joachimiak, A Pegg, AE Savchenko, A TI The crystal structure of spermidine synthase with a multisubstrate adduct inhibitor SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYLTRANSFERASE; POLYAMINES; ALIGNMENT; DATABASE; THERMUS AB Polyamines are essential in all branches of life. Spermidine synthase (putrescine aminopropyltransferase, PAPT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of spermidine, a ubiquitous polyamine. The crystal structure of the PAPT from Thermotoga maritima(TmPAPT) has been solved to 1.5 Angstrom resolution in the presence and absence of AdoDATO (S-adenosyl-1,8- diamino-3-thiooctane), a compound containing both substrate and product moieties. This, the first structure of an aminopropyltransferase, reveals deep cavities for binding substrate and cofactor, and a loop that envelops the active site. The AdoDATO binding site is lined with residues conserved in PAPT enzymes from bacteria to humans, suggesting a universal catalytic mechanism. Other conserved residues act sterically to provide a structural basis for polyamine specificity. The enzyme is tetrameric; each monomer consists of a C-terminal domain with a Rossmann-like fold and an N-terminal beta-stranded domain. The tetramer is assembled using a novel barrel-type oligomerization motif. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. Univ Hlth Network Clin Genom Ctr Proteom, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062414, P50 GM062414-01] NR 30 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1038/nsb737 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 514FR UT WOS:000173428500010 PM 11731804 ER PT J AU Dilmanian, FA Button, TM Le Duc, G Zhong, N Pena, LA Smith, JAL Martinez, SR Bacarian, T Tammam, J Ren, B Farmer, PM Kalef-Ezra, J Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Niederer, JA Recksiek, FP Fuchs, A Rosen, EM AF Dilmanian, FA Button, TM Le Duc, G Zhong, N Pena, LA Smith, JAL Martinez, SR Bacarian, T Tammam, J Ren, B Farmer, PM Kalef-Ezra, J Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Niederer, JA Recksiek, FP Fuchs, A Rosen, EM TI Response of rat intracranial 9L gliosarcoma to microbeam radiation therapy SO NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; MICROPLANAR BEAM; X-RAYS; SYNCHROTRON-WIGGLER; BRAIN TUMORS; EGS4 CODE; SCATTERING; ABLATION; PHOTON AB Radiotherapeutic doses for malignant gliomas are generally palliative because greater, supposedly curative doses would impart clinically unacceptable damage to nearby vital CNS tissues. To improve radiation treatment for human gliomas, we evaluated microbeam radiation therapy, which utilizes art array of parallel, microscopically thin (<100 μm) planar beams (microbeams) of synchrotron-generated X rays. Rats with i.e. 9L gliosarcoma tumors were exposed laterally to a single microbeam, 27 pm wide and 3.8 mm high, stepwise, to produce irradiation arrays with 50, 75, or 100 μm of on-center beam spacings and 150, 250, 300, or 500 Gy of in-slice, skin-entrance, single-exposure doses. The resulting array size was 9 mm wide and 10.4 mm high (using three 3.8-mm. vertical tiers); the beam's median energy was &SIM;70 keV. When all data were collated, the median survival was 70 days; no depletion of nerve cells was observed. However, when data from the highest skin-entrance dose and/or the smallest microbeam spacings were excluded, the median survival time of the subset of rats was 170 days, and no white matter necrosis was observed. Others have reported unilateral single-exposure broad-beam irradiation of i.e. 9L gliosarcomas at 22.5 Gy with a median survival of only &SIM;34 days and with severe depletion of neurons. These results suggest that the therapeutic index of unidirectional microbeams is larger than that of the broad beams and that an application for microbeam radiation therapy in treating certain malignant brain tumors may be found in the future. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, New Hyde Pk, NY 11040 USA. Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Pharmacycl Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Dilmanian, FA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 7 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 1522-8517 J9 NEURO-ONCOLOGY JI Neuro-Oncology PD JAN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1215/15228517-4-1-26 PG 13 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540FE UT WOS:000174918200004 PM 11772430 ER PT J AU Haueisen, J Tuch, DS Ramon, C Schimpf, PH Wedeen, VJ George, JS Belliveau, JW AF Haueisen, J Tuch, DS Ramon, C Schimpf, PH Wedeen, VJ George, JS Belliveau, JW TI The influence of brain tissue anisotropy on human EEG and MEG SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article ID NEUROMAGNETIC FIELDS; CONDUCTIVITY CHANGES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; INVERSE PROBLEM; HEAD; POTENTIALS; SIMULATION; MODELS; TORSO AB The influence of gray and white matter tissue anisotropy on the human electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) was examined with a high resolution finite element model of the head of an adult male subject. The conductivity tensor data for gray and white matter were estimated from magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging. Simulations were carried out with single dipoles or small extended sources in the cortical gray matter. The inclusion of anisotropic volume conduction in the brain was found to have a minor influence on the topology of EEG and MEG (and hence source localization). We found a major influence on the amplitude of EEG and MEG (and hence source strength estimation) due to the change in conductivity and the inclusion of anisotropy. We expect that inclusion of tissue anisotropy information will improve source estimation procedures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science. C1 Univ Jena, Biomagnet Zentrum, Jena, Germany. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, NMR Ctr, Charlestown, MA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Spokane, WA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Haueisen, J (reprint author), Univ Jena, Biomagnet Zentrum, Jena, Germany. RI Haueisen, Jens/B-7183-2011 OI Haueisen, Jens/0000-0003-3871-2890 NR 24 TC 137 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1006/nimg.2001.0962 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 509XJ UT WOS:000173174900016 PM 11771984 ER PT J AU Ferrere, S Gregg, BA AF Ferrere, S Gregg, BA TI New perylenes for dye sensitization of TiO2 SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCURRENT CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; SOLAR-CELLS; NANOCRYSTALLINE; RECOMBINATION; INHIBITION; ADSORPTION; FILMS AB We describe a new generation of perylene photosensitizers based upon N-(2,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)perylene-3,4-dicarboximide. The new sensitizers have more favorable energetics for electron injection into TiO2 and better light absorption properties for solar conversion than previous sensitizers based upon perylene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. Syntheses, absorption properties, and electrochemical potentials for the new perylenes are reported. We compare the solar conversion efficiencies of the dyes in the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and discuss trends in terms of energetics and structural differences that may affect the injection and recombination processes. These are the highest efficiencies yet reported for perylene sensitizers in the DSSC. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ferrere, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 22 TC 185 Z9 186 U1 4 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2002 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1155 EP 1160 DI 10.1039/b203260k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 586UF UT WOS:000177603300012 ER PT S AU Kharzeev, DE Raufeisen, J AF Kharzeev, DE Raufeisen, J BE Elze, HT Ferreira, E Kodama, T Letessier, J Rafelski, J Thews, RL TI High energy nuclear interactions and QCD: an introduction SO NEW STATES OF MATTER IN HADRONIC INTERACTIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PASI New States of Matter in Hadronic Interactions Meeting CY JAN 07-18, 2002 CL CAMPOS DO JORDAO, BRAZIL SP Pan Amer Study Inst, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn, CLAF, CNPq, FAPESP, FAPERJ ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; AU+AU COLLISIONS; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV; CP CONSERVATION; SOFT POMERON; INSTANTONS AB The goal of these lectures, oriented towards the students just entering the field, is to provide an elementary introduction to QCD and the physics of nuclear interactions at high energies. We first introduce the general structure of QCD and discuss its main properties. Then we proceed to Glauber multiple scattering theory which lays the foundation for the theoretical treatment of nuclear interactions at high energies. We introduce the concept of Gribov's inelastic shadowing, crucial for the understanding of quantum formation effects. We outline the problems facing Glauber approach at high energies, and discuss how asymptotic freedom of QCD helps to resolve them, introducing the concepts of parton saturation and color glass condensate. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kharzeev, DE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0086-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 631 BP 27 EP 69 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV48E UT WOS:000179110000002 ER PT S AU Roland, C AF Roland, C CA PHOBOS Collaboration BE Elze, HT Ferreira, E Kodama, T Letessier, J Rafelski, J Thews, RL TI Survey of recent results from the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC SO NEW STATES OF MATTER IN HADRONIC INTERACTIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PASI New States of Matter in Hadronic Interactions Meeting CY JAN 07-18, 2002 CL CAMPOS DO JORDAO, BRAZIL SP Pan Amer Study Inst, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn, CLAF, CNPq, FAPESP, FAPERJ ID PLUS AU COLLISIONS; CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; AU+AU COLLISIONS; FLOW; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIGNATURE; SPS AB We present an over-view of the latest results for interactions of Au+Au ions at center-of-mass energies of root(NN)(S) of 56, 130 and 200 GeV obtained by the PHOBOS collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). These data have allowed us to perform an extensive study of the pseudorapidity density of primary charged particles as a function of incident energy, centrality and pseudorapidity. Our results show a non-trivial evolution of particle densities with both centrality and collision energy, reaching significantly higher values per participating nucleon than at lower energies or in nucleon-nucleon collisions. Further we present results on the azimuthal asymmetry of particle production observed in the root(NN)(S) of 130 GeV data set. The observed strong event anisotropy of nu(2)(max) > 0.06, reaching beyond the value predicted in hadronic cascade models, indicates a closer approach to local thermal equilibration than at lower collision energies. The measured antiparticle-particle ratios of production rates for pions kaons and protons in central Au+Au interactions at root(NN)(S) of 130 GeV are compatible with predictions from statistical models, showing an approach to a baryon free region in mid-rapidity with die increase in collision energy. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0086-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 631 BP 349 EP 357 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV48E UT WOS:000179110000013 ER PT S AU Raufeisen, J AF Raufeisen, J BE Elze, HT Ferreira, E Kodama, T Letessier, J Rafelski, J Thews, RL TI Nuclear effects in the Drell-Yan process SO NEW STATES OF MATTER IN HADRONIC INTERACTIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PASI New States of Matter in Hadronic Interactions Meeting CY JAN 07-18, 2002 CL CAMPOS DO JORDAO, BRAZIL SP Pan Amer Study Inst, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn, CLAF, CNPq, FAPESP, FAPERJ ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; SATURATION AB In the target rest frame and at high energies, Drell-Yan (DY) dilepton production looks like bremsstrahlung of massive photons, rather than parton annihilation. The projectile quark is decomposed into a series of Fock states, Configurations with fixed transverse separations in impact parameter space are interaction eigenstates for pp scattering. The DY cross section can then be expressed in terms of the same color dipole cross section as DIS. We compare calculations in this dipole approach with E772 data and with next-to-leading order parton model calculations. This approach is especially suitable to describe nuclear effects, since it allows one to apply Glauber multiple scattering theory. We go beyond the Glauber eikonal approximation by taking into account transitions between states, which would be eigenstates for a proton target. We calculate nuclear shadowing at large Feynman-x(F) for DY in proton-nucleus collisions and compare to E772 data. Nuclear effects on the transverse momentum distribution are also investigated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Raufeisen, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0086-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 631 BP 525 EP 532 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV48E UT WOS:000179110000023 ER PT B AU Wurtz, R Wishnow, E Blais-Ouellette, S Cook, K Carr, D Lewis, I Grandmont, F Stubbs, C AF Wurtz, R Wishnow, E Blais-Ouellette, S Cook, K Carr, D Lewis, I Grandmont, F Stubbs, C BE Brown, MJI Dey, A TI Astronomy with a visible-band imaging fourier transform spectrometer SO NEXT GENERATION WIDE-FIELD MULTI-OBJECT SPECTROSCOPY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Next Generation Wide-Field Multi-Object Spectroscopy CY OCT 11-12, 2001 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV AB Imaging through a Fourier transform spectrograph produces a high-throughput spectrum for every pixel in a field of typical CCD imaging sizes, a few arcminutes. We describe the design of the Livermore Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrograph for visible-band astronomy. We present astronomical observations with this instrument at the 3.5-meter Apache Point Observatory. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wurtz, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-123-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 280 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Spectroscopy GA BW23L UT WOS:000181290900019 ER PT S AU Stowell, R Davidson, RC AF Stowell, R Davidson, RC BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Two-stream instabilities in guiding-center plasmas for antihydrogen recombination schemes SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID ANTIPROTONS; PROGRESS AB Two-stream instabilities are studied analytically in the guiding-center kinetic regime, which is chosen in order that the results may be applied to the mixing of antiprotons and positrons preceding antihydrogen recombination. The guiding-center kinetic description is valid for a range of parameters which includes cases in which magnetic fields are 3 - 5 T; temperatures are 4 10 K; positron densities are 10(7) - 10(8) cm(-3); and antiproton densities are 1 04 - 2 x 10(7) cm(-3). The species occupy long, cylindrical columns coaxial with an outer, conducting, cylindrical wall. Plasma column radii are between 0.05 and 0.3 wall radii. A constant, axial, externally generated magnetic field permeates the system. Linear stability of the plasma is studied as a function of the species' temperatures, densities and column radii; the mean antiproton velocity; and wavenumber. Drifting Maxwellian distribution functions are considered. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Stowell, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800008 ER PT S AU Schiffer, JP AF Schiffer, JP BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Specific heat and latent heat in finite and infinite one-component plasmas SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID EQUILIBRIUM; TEMPERATURE AB The phase transition from liquid to ordered state has been explored in Molecular Dynamics simulations of confined one-component plasma clouds (as in ion traps). The latent heat and specific heat have been extracted and compared with Coulombic matter. The transition temperature is Found to be lower for finite systems than for infinite matter, and the difference depends on the number of confined particles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 203,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM schiffer@anl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800015 ER PT S AU Holder, JP Gruber, L Church, DA Schneider, D AF Holder, JP Gruber, L Church, DA Schneider, D BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Cold highly charged ions in a Penning trap: Experiment and simulation SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID PLASMAS AB Using the LLNL EBIT/RETRAP system non-neutral plasmas of highly charged ions were produced and cooled to temperatures around one Kelvin. These strongly coupled plasmas can model white dwarf astrophysical plasmas in the laboratory. These systems may also have potential application to quantum computation. The experimental results from the last operations of the trap at Livermore are discussed. Molecular dynamics simulation results are discussed as a guide to past and future experiments. The status and future plans for RETRAP at LBNL's 88 inch Cyclotron are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Holder, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-280, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 164 EP 173 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800019 ER PT S AU Jenkins, TG Morrison, KA Davidson, RC Paul, SF AF Jenkins, TG Morrison, KA Davidson, RC Paul, SF BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Large amplitude m=1 diocotron mode measurements in the electron diffusion gauge experiment SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID MALMBERG-PENNING TRAP; FINITE-LENGTH; PLASMA; DYNAMICS; WAVES AB Smaller-diameter pure electron plasmas are generated in the Electron Diffusion Gauge (EDG) using a thoriated tungsten filament wound into a spiral shape with an outer diameter which is 1/4 of the trap wall diameter. The m = 1 diocotron mode is excited in the plasma by means of the resistive-wall instability, using a resistor-relay circuit which allows the mode to be induced at various initial amplitudes, The dynamics of this mode may be predicted using linear theory when the amplitude is small. However, it has been observed [e.g., Fine et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, 63, 2232 ( 1989)] [1] that at larger amplitudes the frequency of this mode (relative to the small-amplitude frequency) exhibits a quadratic dependence on the mode amplitude. In this paper, the frequency shift and nonlinear dynamics of the m = 1 diocotron mode in the EDG device are investigated. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Jenkins, TG (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, MS 30,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 298 EP 304 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800035 ER PT S AU Paul, SF Morrison, KA Davidson, RC Jenkins, TG AF Paul, SF Morrison, KA Davidson, RC Jenkins, TG BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI m=1 diocotron mode damping in the electron diffusion gauge (EDG) experiment SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID BACKGROUND NEUTRAL GAS; MALMBERG-PENNING TRAP; ELASTIC COLLISIONS; PLASMA; EXPANSION; INSTABILITY; DYNAMICS AB The evolution of the amplitude of the m = 1 diocotron mode is used to measure the background neutral pressure in the Electron Diffusion Gauge (EDG), a Malmberg-Penning trap, Below 5 x 10(-8) Torr, the dependence on pressure scales as P-1/4, and is sensitive to pressure changes as small as DeltaP = 5 x 10(-11) Torr. Previous studies on the EDG showed that the diocotron mode is more strongly damped at higher neutral pressures.Both the diocotron mode damping rate and the plasma expansion rate depend similarly on experimental parameters, i.e., conditions which favor expansion also favor suppression of the diocotron mode. The sensitivity of the mode evolution is examined as a function of the resistive growth driving conditions, which are controlled by the amount of wall resistance connected to the trap. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Paul, SF (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS 17, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 305 EP 310 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800036 ER PT S AU Delzanno, GL Pariev, VI Lapenta, G Finn, JM AF Delzanno, GL Pariev, VI Lapenta, G Finn, JM BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Diocotron spectrum with compression effects SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID HOLLOW ELECTRON COLUMNS; NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; INSTABILITY AB The diocotron spectrum for a simplified model of Malmberg-Penning traps that includes compression effects due to end curvature is investigated herein. Performing an initial value treatment, we find that there is a class of length profiles for which the linearized eigenvalue equation of the model can be integrated in quadratures (integrable case). In this case, there is only algebraic growth when the effective angular frequency has a maximum (hollow profile) or a minimum, and the model is mathematically equivalent to the zero curvature (2D Euler) case. Furthermore, we study profiles that are slightly different from the integrable one (the difference being characterized by a small parameter, epsilon), finding that the frequency of the unstable l = 1 mode scales as epsilon(2/3). Analytical calculations and numerical simulations are found in remarkable agreement. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop C-305, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800040 ER PT S AU Gilson, EP Fajans, J AF Gilson, EP Fajans, J BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Quadrupole induced resonant particle transport in a pure electron plasma SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID ASYMMETRY-INDUCED TRANSPORT AB We performed experiments that explore the effects of a quadrupole magnetic field on a pure electron plasma confined in a Malmberg-Penning trap. This work is important both as an example of resonant particle transport and for antihydrogen (H). The H experiments plan to use magnetic quadrupole neutral atom traps to confine H atoms created in double-well positron/antiproton Malmberg-Penning traps. Our results show that a quadrupole field of only 0.020 G/cm can cause significant transport when applied to a I cm radius plasma confined by an axial field of 100 G. Our model describes the shape of the plasma and shows that resonant electrons follow trajectories that take them on large radial excursions, leading to enhanced transport. If the electrons are off resonance, then diffusion will not be greatly enhanced. The measured diffusion scales like the square of the quadrupole field strength, inversely like the square of the axial magnetic field and, below resonance, like the square of the E x B rotation frequency. The location of the resonance in parameter space scales accordingly as we vary the length and temperature of the plasma. However, the temperature used in fitting the data differs from the independently measured temperature by a factor of four, suggesting that our description of the effect as purely diffusive is not correct. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gilson, EP (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS 17, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM egilson@pppl.gov; joel@plasma.berkeley.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 378 EP 387 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800047 ER PT S AU Morrison, KA Davidson, RC Paul, SF Jenkins, TG AF Morrison, KA Davidson, RC Paul, SF Jenkins, TG BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Investigation of the expansion rate scaling of plasmas in the Electron Diffusion Gauge experiment SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID MALMBERG-PENNING TRAP; BACKGROUND GAS-PRESSURE; ELASTIC COLLISIONS; INDUCED TRANSPORT; NEUTRAL GAS; DYNAMICS; CONTAINMENT; TIME AB The expansion of the Electron Diffusion Gauge (EDG) pure electron plasma due to collisions with background neutral gas atoms is characterized by the pressure and magnetic field scaling of the profile expansion rate (d/dt) (r(2)). Data obtained at higher background gas pressures[ 1] than previously studied[2] is presented. The measured expansion rate in the higher pressure regime is found to be in good agreement with the classical estimate of the expansion rate[3]. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Morrison, KA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 416 EP 421 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800051 ER PT S AU Lapenta, G Delzanno, GL Finn, JM AF Lapenta, G Delzanno, GL Finn, JM BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Nonlinear PIC simulation in a Penning trap SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; INSTABILITY; FLOWS; FLIP AB We study the nonlinear dynamics of a Penning trap plasma, including the effect of the finite length and end curvature of the plasma column. A new cylindrical PIC code, called KANDINSKY, has been implemented by using a new interpolation scheme. The principal idea is to calculate the volume of each cell from a particle volume, in the same manner as it is done for the cell charge. With this new method, the density is conserved along streamlines and artificial sources of compressibility are avoided. The code has been validated with a reference Eulerian fluid code. We compare the dynamics of three different models; a model with compression effects, the standard Euler model and a geophysical fluid dynamics model. The results of our investigation prove that Penning traps can really be used to simulate geophysical fluids. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lapenta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Div Theoret, MS C305, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 486 EP 495 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800060 ER PT S AU Barlow, SE Taylor, AE Swanson, K AF Barlow, SE Taylor, AE Swanson, K BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Analytic potentials for realistic electrodes SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO AB We show how LaPlace's equation can be accurately solved when the boundary conditions are not amenable to direct analytic treatment. This problem arises for nearly all real electrodes. Our approach systematically combines numerical relaxation techniques with analytic expansions to produce a provably unique solution. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, W R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Barlow, SE (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, W R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 519 EP 524 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800064 ER PT S AU Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Gilson, E Majeski, R Qin, H AF Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Gilson, E Majeski, R Qin, H BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Paul Trap Simulator Experiment (PTSX) to simulate intense beam propagation through a periodic focusing quadrupole field SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO AB The Paul Trap Simulator Experiment (PTSX) is under construction at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory to simulate intense beam propagation through a periodic quadrupole magnetic field. In the Paul trap configuration, a long nonneutral plasma column is confined axially by dc voltages on end cylinders at z = +L and z = -L, and transverse confinement is provided by segmented cylindrical electrodes with applied oscillatory voltages +/-V-0(t) over 90degrees segments. Because the transverse focusing force is similar in waveform to that produced by a discrete set of periodic quadrupole magnets in a frame moving with the beam, the Paul trap configuration offers the possibility of simulating intense beam propagation in a compact laboratory facility. The experimental layout is described, together with the planned experiments to study beam mismatch, envelope instabilities, halo particle production, and collective wave excitations. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Davidson, RC (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 576 EP 581 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800072 ER PT S AU Schauer, MM Barnes, DC Umstadter, KR AF Schauer, MM Barnes, DC Umstadter, KR BE Anderegg, F Schweikhard, L Driscoll, CF TI Ion trapping in the virtual cathode of the Penning Fusion eXperiment-Ions SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS IV SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, UCSD HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO ID ELECTRON; EQUILIBRIUM; CONFINEMENT AB The goal of the Penning Fusion eXperiment-Ions (PFX-I) is the production of thermonuclear conditions in a Penning trap by means of spatial and/or temporal compression of a high temperature plasma. The present approach involves the confinement of positive ions in a virtual cathode produced by a nonthermal electron plasma held within a modified Penning trap. We report here on the first evidence of ions trapped in three dimensions in this manner. Experimental evidence of the maintenance of the non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution needed to produce the virtual cathode is presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schauer, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0050-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 606 BP 596 EP 602 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT97S UT WOS:000174609800075 ER PT S AU Allen, DW Sohn, H Worden, K Farrar, CR AF Allen, DW Sohn, H Worden, K Farrar, CR BE Gyekenyesi, AL Shepard, SM Huston, DR Aktan, AE Shull, PJ TI Utilizing the sequential probability ratio test for building joint monitoring SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND HEALTH MONITORING OF AEROSPACE MATERIALS AND CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring of Aerospace Materials and Civil Infrastructures CY MAR 18-19, 2002 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE DE damage detection; time series analysis; sequential probability ratio test; extreme value statistics; statistical pattern recognition; vibration test AB In this application of the statistical pattern recognition paradigm, a prediction model of a chosen feature is developed from the time domain response of a baseline structure. After the model is developed, subsequent feature sets are tested against the model to determine if a change in the feature has occurred. In the proposed statistical inference for damage identification there are two basic hypotheses; (1) the model can predict the feature, in which case the structure is undamaged or (2) the model can not accurately predict the feature, suggesting that the structure is damaged. The Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) develops a statistical method that quickly arrives at a decision between these two hypotheses and is applicable to continuous monitoring. In the original formulation of the SPRT algorithm, the feature is assumed to be Gaussian and thresholds are set accordingly. It is likely, however, that the feature used for damage identification is sensitive to the tails of the distribution and that the tails may not necessarily be governed by Gaussian characteristics. By modeling the tails using the technique of Extreme Value Statistics, the hypothesis decision thresholds for the SPRT algorithm may be set avoiding the normality assumption. The SPRT algorithm is utilized to decide if the test structure is undamaged or damaged and which joint is exhibiting the change. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Response Grp, Engn Sci & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Allen, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Response Grp, Engn Sci & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4452-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4704 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.470707 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV06M UT WOS:000177733400001 ER PT B AU Laughton, C AF Laughton, C BE Ozdemir, L TI Planning the construction of new particle accelerators SO NORTH AMERICAN TUNNELING 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT North American Tunneling Conference 2002 CY MAY 18-22, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA AB A new generation of particle accelerator projects is being planned. The accelerator systems will be housed in tunnels up to 230 km in length, and large experimental caverns and access shafts will be placed along the alignment. Early conceptual layouts for these accelerators have incorporated a wide range of tunnel design and construction ideas and addressed some of the more critical end-user requirements. These studies were reviewed at a workshop held at Snowmass, Colorado, in July 2001. This paper summarizes the findings of the workshop and outlines directions for future work. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Laughton, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-376-X PY 2002 BP 47 EP 49 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BW47Q UT WOS:000182113200005 ER PT S AU Chow, WW Schneider, HC AF Chow, WW Schneider, HC BE Meyer, JR Gmachl, CG TI Gain and carrier-induced refractive index change in group-III nitride quantum wells SO NOVEL IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor-laser gain; group-III nitride semiconductors ID MICROSCOPIC THEORY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LASER GAIN; SPECTRA AB This paper analyses the gain and carrier-induced refractive index change in group-III nitride quantum wells. An approach based on the semiconductor Bloch equations with carrier-carrier collisions treated at the level of quantum kinetic theory is used. The influences of the strong carrier-carrier Coulomb interaction and the quantum-confined Stark effect on laser threshold and output beam quality are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Schneider, Hans Christian/B-9450-2009 OI Schneider, Hans Christian/0000-0001-7656-4919 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4390-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4651 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.467943 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU75F UT WOS:000176914000002 ER PT J AU Weaver, WL Tomlinson, ET Aumiller, DL AF Weaver, WL Tomlinson, ET Aumiller, DL TI A generic semi-implicit coupling methodology for use in RELAP5-3D (c) SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB A generic semi-implicit coupling methodology has been developed and implemented in the RELAP5-3W(C) computer program. This methodology allows RELAP5-3D(C) to be used with other computer programs to perform integrated analyses of nuclear power reactor systems and related experimental facilities. The coupling methodology potentially allows different programs to be used to model different portions of the system. The programs are chosen based on their capability to model the phenomena that are important in the simulation in the various portions of the system being considered and may use different numbers of conservation equations to model fluid flow in their respective solution domains. The methodology was demonstrated using a test case in which the test geometry was divided into two parts, each of which was solved as a RELAP5-3D(C) simulation. This test problem exercised all of the semi-implicit coupling features that were implemented in RELAP5-3D(C) The results of this verification test case show that the semi-implicit coupling methodology produces the same answer as the simulation of the test system as a single process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Bechtel Bettis, Bettis Atom Power Lab, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. RP Weaver, WL (reprint author), Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 211 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(01)00422-8 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 510HV UT WOS:000173203400002 ER PT J AU Xu, XQ Cohen, RH Nevins, WM Porter, GD Rensink, ME Rognlien, TD Myra, JR D'Ippolito, DA Moyer, RA Snyder, PB Carlstrom, TN AF Xu, XQ Cohen, RH Nevins, WM Porter, GD Rensink, ME Rognlien, TD Myra, JR D'Ippolito, DA Moyer, RA Snyder, PB Carlstrom, TN TI Turbulence simulations of X point physics in the L-H transition SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK BOUNDARY PLASMAS; DIII-D TOKAMAK; EDGE TURBULENCE; VELOCITY-SHEAR; DIVERTOR GEOMETRY; MODE TRANSITION; TRANSPORT; STABILITY; LAYER; PARADIGM AB The resistive X point mode is shown to be the dominant mode in boundary plasmas in X point divertor geometry. The poloidal fluctuation phase velocity from the simulation results of the resistive X point turbulence shows a structure across the separatrix that is experimentally measured in many fusion devices. The fluctuation phase velocity is larger than the E x B velocity in both L and H mode phases. It is also demonstrated that there is a strong poloidal asymmetry of particle flux in the proximity of the separatrix. Turbulence suppression in the L-H transition results when sources of energy and particles drive sufficient gradients, as in the experiments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Xu, XQ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 AR PII S0029-5515(02)32310-X DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/1/304 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545JM UT WOS:000175213800004 ER PT J AU Jackson, GL Murakami, M McKee, GR Baker, DR Boedo, JA La Haye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Messiaen, AM Ongena, J Staebler, GM Unterberg, B Wade, MR Watkins, JG West, WP AF Jackson, GL Murakami, M McKee, GR Baker, DR Boedo, JA La Haye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Messiaen, AM Ongena, J Staebler, GM Unterberg, B Wade, MR Watkins, JG West, WP TI Effects of impurity seeding in DIII-D radiating mantle discharges SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID D TOKAMAK; HIGH-CONFINEMENT; EDGE RADIATION; HIGH-DENSITY; PLASMAS; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; INJECTION; MODE; PERFORMANCE AB Impurity injection with noble gases has been used in DIII-D to increase radiation in the mantle region, with confinement enhancements above the ITERL-89P L mode scaling relation in both diverted and limited discharges. For discharges with an L mode edge, impurity injection produces a prompt increase in confinement and a more gradual increase in density. These changes occur at densities and radiated power fractions significantly lower than those observed in the TEXTOR tokamak device. ELMing H mode discharges with active pumping and high deuterium gas feed (puff and pump) exhibit an increase in density with no degradation in energy confinement after impurity injection, increasing to nearly the Greenwald density limit following a spontaneous transition several hundred milliseconds after impurity injection. The highest density phase of both L mode and ELMing H mode radiating mantle discharges is usually terminated after the onset of n = 2 MHD activity. identified as an m/n = 3/2 neoclassical tearing mode. A reduction in density fluctuations after impurity injection in the mantle region has been measured using beam emission spectroscopy in L mode discharges and is coincident with reductions in thermal diffusivity and increases in core toroidal rotation. The similarities and differences between these types of impurity seeded discharge will be presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Ecole Royale Mil Koninklijke Mil Sch, EURATOM Assoc, Plasma Phys Lab, Brussels, Belgium. Forchungszentrum Julich GmbH, EURATOM Assoc, Julich, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jackson, GL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Unterberg, Bernhard/0000-0003-0866-957X NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 28 EP 41 AR PII S0029-5515(02)32323-8 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/1/305 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545JM UT WOS:000175213800005 ER PT J AU Mahdavi, MA Osborne, TH Leonard, AW Chu, MS Doyle, EJ Fenstermacher, ME McKee, GR Staebler, GM Petrie, TW Wade, MR Allen, SL Boedo, JA Brooks, NH Colchin, RJ Evans, TE Greenfield, CM Porter, GD Isler, RC La Haye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Maingi, R Moyer, RA Schaffer, MJ Stangeby, PG Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG Wolf, NS AF Mahdavi, MA Osborne, TH Leonard, AW Chu, MS Doyle, EJ Fenstermacher, ME McKee, GR Staebler, GM Petrie, TW Wade, MR Allen, SL Boedo, JA Brooks, NH Colchin, RJ Evans, TE Greenfield, CM Porter, GD Isler, RC La Haye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Maingi, R Moyer, RA Schaffer, MJ Stangeby, PG Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG Wolf, NS TI High performance H mode plasmas at densities above the Greenwald limit SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID DIII-D; DISCHARGES; TRANSPORT; DIVERTOR; TOKAMAKS; EXHAUST; EDGE AB Densities of up to 40% above the Greenwald limit are reproducibly achieved in high confinement (H-ITER89P = 2) ELMing H mode discharges. Simultaneous gas fuelling and divertor pumping were used to obtain these results. Confinement of these discharges, similar to moderate density H mode, is characterized by a stiff temperature profile, and is therefore sensitive to the density profile. A particle transport model is presented that explains the roles of divertor pumping and geometry for access to high densities. The energy loss per ELM at high density is a factor of five lower than the predictions of an earlier scaling, based on data from lower density discharges. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mahdavi, MA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 27 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 AR PII S0029-5515(02)32299-3 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/1/308 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545JM UT WOS:000175213800008 ER PT J AU Budny, RV Alper, B Borba, DN Cordey, JG Ernst, DR Giraud, C Gowers, CW Gunther, K Hahm, TS Hammett, GW Hawkes, NC Horton, LD Saibene, G Sartori, R Synakowski, EJ von Hellermann, MG Zastrow, KD AF Budny, RV Alper, B Borba, DN Cordey, JG Ernst, DR Giraud, C Gowers, CW Gunther, K Hahm, TS Hammett, GW Hawkes, NC Horton, LD Saibene, G Sartori, R Synakowski, EJ von Hellermann, MG Zastrow, KD TI Local physics basis of confinement degradation in JET ELMy H mode plasmas and implications for tokamak reactors SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; HIGH FUSION POWER; TURBULENCE SIMULATIONS; TFTR TOKAMAK; ASPECT RATIO; FLOW SHEAR; DIII-D; TRANSPORT; PARAMETERS; SUPERSHOT AB First results of gyrokinetic analysis of JET ELMy H mode plasmas are presented. ELMy H mode plasmas form the basis of conservative performance predictions for tokamak reactors of the size of ITER. Relatively high performance for long durations has been achieved and the scaling appears to be favourable. It will be necessary to sustain low Z(eff) and high density for high fusion yield. The article studies the degradation in confinement and the increase in the anomalous heat transport observed in two JET plasmas: one with an intense gas puff and the other with a spontaneous transition from type I to III ELMS at the heating power threshold. Linear gyrokinetic analysis gives the growth rate gamma(lin) of the fastest growing modes. The flow shearing rate gamma(ExB) and gamma(lin) are large near the top of the pedestal. Their ratio decreases approximately at the time when the confinement degrades and the transport increases. This suggests that tokamak reactors may require intense toroidal or poloidal torque input to maintain sufficiently high gamma(ExB)/gamma(lin) near the top of the pedestal for high confinement. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Inst Super Tecn, EURATOM, Lisbon, Portugal. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EFDA Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP Budny, RV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM budny@princeton.edu RI Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011; Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010; Borba, Duarte/K-6148-2015 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647; Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809; Borba, Duarte/0000-0001-5305-2857 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 66 EP 75 AR PII S0029-5515(02)32320-2 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/1/310 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545JM UT WOS:000175213800010 ER PT J AU Goldhagen, P Reginatto, M Kniss, T Wilson, JW Singleterry, RC Jones, IW Van Steveninck, W AF Goldhagen, P Reginatto, M Kniss, T Wilson, JW Singleterry, RC Jones, IW Van Steveninck, W TI Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray induced neutrons aboard an ER-2 high-altitude airplane SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Field Spectrometry in Science, Technology and Radiation Protection (NEUSPEC 2000) CY JUN 04-08, 2000 CL PISA, ITALY DE neutron spectrometry; cosmic rays; Bonner spheres; neutron dosimetry; radiation protection ID MAXIMUM-ENTROPY DECONVOLUTION; BONNER-SPHERE SET; RADIATION ENVIRONMENT; SPECTROMETER; ACCELERATOR; ATMOSPHERE; ZUGSPITZE; EXPOSURE; FLUENCE; COUNTER AB Crews working on present-day jet aircraft are a large occupationally exposed group with a relatively high average effective dose from galactic cosmic radiation. Crews of future high-speed commercial aircraft flying at higher altitudes would be even more exposed. To help reduce the significant uncertainties in calculations of such exposures, the atmospheric ionizing radiation (AIR) project, an international collaboration of 15 laboratories, made simultaneous radiation measurements with 14 instruments on five flights of a NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft. The primary AIR instrument was a highly sensitive extended-energy multisphere neutron spectrometer with lead and steel shells placed within the moderators of two of its 14 detectors to enhance response at high energies. Detector responses were calculated for neutrons and charged hadrons at energies up to 100 GeV using MCNPX. Neutron spectra were unfolded from the measured count rates using the new MAXED code. We have measured the cosmic-ray neutron spectrum (thermal to > 10 Gev), total neutron fluence rate, and neutron effective dose and dose equivalent rates and their dependence on altitude and geomagnetic cutoff. The measured cosmic-ray neutron spectra have almost no thermal neutrons, a large "evaporation" peak near 1 MeV and a second broad peak near 100 MeV which contributes about 69,% of the neutron effective dose. At high altitude, geomagnetic latitude has very little effect on the shape of the spectrum, but it is the dominant variable affecting neutron fluence rate, which was eight times higher at the northernmost measurement location than it was at the southernmost. The shape of the spectrum varied only slightly with altitude from 21 km down to 12 km (56-201 g cm(-2) atmospheric depth), but was significantly different on the ground. In all cases, ambient dose equivalent was greater than effective dose for cosmic-ray neutrons. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. Keithley Instruments Inc, Cleveland, OH 44139 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Goldhagen, P (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, 201 Varick St,5th Floor, New York, NY 10014 USA. EM goldhagn@eml.doe.gov NR 37 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 51 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01386-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01386-9 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 522FT UT WOS:000173885900008 PM 12033224 ER PT J AU Benck, S d'Errico, F Denis, JM Meulders, JP Nath, R Pitcher, EJ AF Benck, S d'Errico, F Denis, JM Meulders, JP Nath, R Pitcher, EJ TI In-phantom spectra and dose distributions from a high-energy neutron therapy beam SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Field Spectrometry in Science, Technology and Radiation Protection (NEUSPEC 2000) CY JUN 04-08, 2000 CL PISA, ITALY DE dosimetry; spectrometry; superheated emulsions; transport simulation ID SUPERHEATED DROP DETECTOR; KERMA FACTORS; DOSIMETRY AB In radiotherapy with external beams, healthy tissues surrounding the target volumes are inevitably irradiated. In the case of neutron therapy, the estimation of dose to the organs surrounding the target volume is particularly challenging, because of the varying contributions from primary and secondary neutrons and photons of different energies. The neutron doses to tissues surrounding the target volume at the Louvain-la-Neuve (LLN) facility were investigated in this work. At LLN, primary neutrons have a broad spectrum with a mean energy of about 30 MeV. The transport of a 10 x 10 cm(2) beam through a water phantom was simulated by means of the Monte Carlo code MCNPX. Distributions of energy-differential values of neutron fluence, kerma and kerma equivalent were estimated at different locations in a water phantom. The evolution of neutron dose and dose equivalent inside the phantom was deduced. Measurements of absorbed dose and of dose equivalent were then carried out in a water phantom using an ionization chamber and superheated drop detectors (SDDs). On the beam axis, the calculations agreed well with the ionization chamber data, but disagreed significantly from the SDD data due to the detector's under-response to neutrons above 20 MeV. Off the beam axis, the calculated absorbed doses were significantly lower than the ionization chamber readings, since gamma fields were not accounted for. The calculated data are doses from neutron-induced charge particles, and these agreed with the values measured by the photon-insensitive SDDs. When exposed to the degraded spectra off the beam axis, the SDD offered reliable estimates of the neutron dose equivalent. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Catholique Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Benck, S (reprint author), Univ Catholique Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, Chemin Cyclotron 2, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 131 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01407-3 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01407-3 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 522FT UT WOS:000173885900022 ER PT J AU Reginatto, M Goldhagen, P Neumann, S AF Reginatto, M Goldhagen, P Neumann, S TI Spectrum unfolding, sensitivity analysis and propagation of uncertainties with the maximum entropy deconvolution code MAXED SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Field Spectrometry in Science, Technology and Radiation Protection (NEUSPEC 2000) CY JUN 04-08, 2000 CL PISA, ITALY DE neutron spectrometry; unfolding; deconvolution; maximum entropy ID PHOTON SPECTROMETRY; NEUTRON; PRINCIPLE; DISTRIBUTIONS; FIELDS AB MAXED was developed to apply the maximum entropy principle to the unfolding of neutron spectrometric measurements. The approach followed in MAXED has several features that make it attractive: it permits inclusion of a priori information in a well-defined and mathematically consistent way, the algorithm used to derive the solution spectrum is not ad hoc (it can be justified on the basis of arguments that originate in information theory), and the solution spectrum is a non-negative function that can be written in closed form. This last feature permits the use of standard methods for the sensitivity analysis and propagation of uncertainties of MAXED solution spectra. We illustrate its use with unfoldings of NE 213 scintillation detector measurements of photon calibration spectra, and of multisphere neutron spectrometer measurements of cosmic-ray induced neutrons at high altitude (similar to 20 km) in the atmosphere. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Reginatto, M (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM marcel.reginatto@ptb.de NR 17 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 242 EP 246 AR PII S0168-9002(01)0139-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01439-5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 522FT UT WOS:000173885900043 ER PT J AU McDonald, JC Siebert, BRL Alberts, WG AF McDonald, JC Siebert, BRL Alberts, WG TI Neutron spectrometry for radiation protection purposes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Field Spectrometry in Science, Technology and Radiation Protection (NEUSPEC 2000) CY JUN 04-08, 2000 CL PISA, ITALY DE neutron; spectrometry; radiation protection; dosimetry ID DOSE-EQUIVALENT; FIELDS; DOSIMETERS AB Determination of the dose equivalent is required for radiation protection purposes, however such a determination is quite difficult for neutron radiation. In order to perform accurate dosimetric determinations, it is advantageous to acquire information about the neutron fluence spectrum in the workplace as well as the reference radiations used to calibrate dosimetric instruments. This information can then be used to select the appropriate dosimetric instrument, the optimum calibration condition or to establish correction factors that account for the differences in calibration and workplace conditions. For quite some time, neutron spectrometry has been used for these purposes. A brief review of the applications of spectrometers in radiation protection and some recommendations for further development are given here. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP McDonald, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 347 EP 352 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01460-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01460-7 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 522FT UT WOS:000173885900062 ER PT J AU Scherpelz, RI Tanner, JE AF Scherpelz, RI Tanner, JE TI Neutron measurements at nuclear power reactors [55] SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Field Spectrometry in Science, Technology and Radiation Protection (NEUSPEC 2000) CY JUN 04-08, 2000 CL PISA, ITALY DE neutron; spectrometry; radiation protection; dosimetry AB Staff from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (operated by Battelle Memorial Institute), have performed neutron measurements at a number of commercial nuclear power plants in the United States. Neutron radiation fields at light water reactor (LWR) power plants are typically characterized by low-energy distributions due to the presence of large amounts of scattering material such as water and concrete. These low-energy distributions make it difficult to accurately monitor personnel exposures, since most survey meters and dosimeters are calibrated to higher-energy fields such as those produced by bare or D2O-moderated (255)-Cf sources. Commercial plants typically use thermoluminescent dosimeters in an albedo configuration for personnel dosimetry and survey meters based on a thermal-neutron detector inside a cylindrical or spherical moderator for dose rate assessment, so their methods of routine monitoring are highly dependent on the energy of the neutron fields. Battelle has participated in neutron assessments at a number of LWR facilities to characterize neutron radiation fields and to evaluate the responses of plant dosimeters and survey instruments. In these studies, the tissue equivalent proportional counter was used for measuring neutron dose and dose equivalent rates, and multisphere spectrometers were used to measure energy distributions. The use of these instruments in LWR work locations is usually difficult because of extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures. These studies have confirmed the presence of low-energy neutron fields in most work locations. The studies have also found that albedo dosimeters used at power plants typically overrespond significantly when using a calibration based on californium exposures. Survey instruments also respond highly in typical LWR environments. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Scherpelz, RI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 400 EP 404 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01478-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01478-4 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 522FT UT WOS:000173885900072 ER PT J AU Devine, RT Romero, LL Gray, DW Seagraves, DT Olsher, RH Johnson, JP AF Devine, RT Romero, LL Gray, DW Seagraves, DT Olsher, RH Johnson, JP TI Evaluation of spectrum measurement devices for operational use SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Field Spectrometry in Science, Technology and Radiation Protection (NEUSPEC 2000) CY JUN 04-08, 2000 CL PISA, ITALY DE neutron dosimetry measurements ID NEUTRON AB Several neutron spectrometers manufactured by Bubble Technology Industries (BTI) were tested and evaluated in a variety of neutron fields. Findings and conclusions are presented for the following BTI instruments: a modification of the Rotational Spectrometer (ROSPEC) that includes a thermal and epithermal capability, the Simple Scintillation Spectrometer that is used in conjunction with the ROSPEC to extend its high-energy range, and the MICROSPEC N-Probe which is capable of providing a crude spectrum over the energy range from thermal to 18 MeV. The main objective of these measurements was to determine the accuracy of both the energy spectrum and dose equivalent information generated by these devices. In addition, the dose response of the Wide-Energy Neutron Detection Instrument (WENDI-II) was measured in all neutron fields relative to a bare Cf-252 calibration. The performance of the WENDI-II rem meter was compared to the dose information generated by the neutron spectrometers. The instruments were irradiated to bare Cf-252 and (AmBe)-Am-241 sources, and in a series of moderated Cf-252 fields using a standard D2O sphere and a set of polyethylene spheres. The measured spectra were benchmarked with a set of detailed Monte Carlo calculations with the same energy bin structure as that of the instruments under test. These calculations allowed an absolute comparison to be made with the measurements on a bin by bin basis. The simulations included the effects of room return and source anisotropy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Devine, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G761 ESH-4,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 476 IS 1-2 BP 416 EP 422 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01481-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01481-4 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 522FT UT WOS:000173885900075 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Liang, JF Alton, GD Beene, JR Zhou, Z Wollnik, H AF Liu, Y Liang, JF Alton, GD Beene, JR Zhou, Z Wollnik, H TI Collisional cooling of negative-ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE beam cooling; RF-quadrupole ion guide; negative-ion beams ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; BUFFER-GAS; TRAP; SIMULATION; EXCITATION; SEPARATOR; MOTION; GUIDE AB Studies have been conducted to determine the feasibility of using collisional cooling for reducing emittances and energy spreads in negative-ion beams to levels commensurate with effective isobaric purification with conventional high-resolution electromagnetic isobar separators as required for use at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF). We have designed a gas-filled radio frequency quadrupole ion cooler equipped with provisions for retarding energetic negative-ion beams to energies below thresholds for electron detachment at injection and for re-acceleration to initial energies after the cooling process. The device has been used to cool several ion beams with initial energy spreads, DeltaE > 10 eV to final energy spreads, DeltaE similar to 2 eV FWHM, including O- and F-. Overall transmission efficiencies of similar to14% for F- beams have been obtained. Experimental results show that electron detachment is the major loss mechanism for negative ions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 6000,MS-6368, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yliu@mail.phy.ornl.gov NR 35 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2002 VL 187 IS 1 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00844-8 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 511XX UT WOS:000173291800013 ER PT B AU Pieper, SC AF Pieper, SC BE Nazarewicz, W Vretenar, D TI Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of P-shell nuclei SO NUCLEAR MANY-BODY PROBLEM 2001 SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Research Workshop onNuclear Many-Body Promblem 2001 CY JUN 02-05, 2001 CL BRIJUNI, CROATIA SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div ID SCATTERING DATA C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pieper, SC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0462-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 53 BP 11 EP 18 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BU39B UT WOS:000175880800002 ER PT B AU Ginocchio, JN Leviatan, A AF Ginocchio, JN Leviatan, A BE Nazarewicz, W Vretenar, D TI Relativistic pseudospin symmetry in nuclei SO NUCLEAR MANY-BODY PROBLEM 2001 SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Research Workshop onNuclear Many-Body Promblem 2001 CY JUN 02-05, 2001 CL BRIJUNI, CROATIA SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS; SCATTERING; ALIGNMENT; STATES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0462-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 53 BP 117 EP 124 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BU39B UT WOS:000175880800016 ER PT B AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ BE Nazarewicz, W Vretenar, D TI Thermal phase transitions in finite quantum systems SO NUCLEAR MANY-BODY PROBLEM 2001 SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Research Workshop onNuclear Many-Body Promblem 2001 CY JUN 02-05, 2001 CL BRIJUNI, CROATIA SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; CLASSIFICATION; PARTICLES; BOSONS; GASES C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008,MS 6373, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0462-1 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 53 BP 359 EP 366 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BU39B UT WOS:000175880800050 ER PT S AU Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Phair, L Wozniak, GJ Mader, CM Chappars, A AF Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Phair, L Wozniak, GJ Mader, CM Chappars, A BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Theoretical approaches and experimental evidence for liquid-vapor phase transitions in nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID LATTICE-GAS MODEL; 3-DIMENSIONAL ISING-MODEL; FINITE EXCITED SYSTEMS; FISHERS DROPLET MODEL; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; MONTE-CARLO; CLUSTER MULTIPLICITIES; HOT NUCLEI; MULTIFRAGMENTATION; FRAGMENTATION AB The leptodermous approximation is applied to nuclear systems for T > 0. The introduction of surface corrections leads to anomalous caloric curves and to negative heat capacities in the liquid-gas coexistence region. Clusterization in the vapor is described by associating surface energy to clusters according to Fisher's formula. The three-dimensional Ising model, a leptodermous system par excellence, does obey rigorously Fisher's scaling up to the critical point. Multi fragmentation data from several experiments including the ISiS and EOS Collaborations, as well as compound nucleus fragment emission at much lower energy follow the same scaling, thus providing the strongest evidence yet of liquid-vapor coexistence. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 182 EP 196 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600017 ER PT S AU Poon, AWP AF Poon, AWP BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Neutrino observations from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; SOLAR NEUTRINOS; REAL-TIME; SCATTERING; DEUTERON; DETECTOR; SNO; B-8 AB The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is a water imaging Cherenkov detector. Its usage of 1000 metric tons of D2O as target allows the SNO detector to make a solar-model independent test of the neutrino oscillation hypothesis by simultaneously measuring the solar v, flux and the total flux of all active neutrino species. Solar neutrinos from the decay of B-8 have been detected at SNO by the charged-current (CC) interaction on the deuteron and by the elastic scattering (ES) of electrons. While the CC reaction is sensitive exclusively to v(e), the ES reaction also has a small sensitivity to V-mu and v(tau). In this paper, recent solar neutrino results from the SNO experiment are presented. It is demonstrated that the solar flux from B-8 decay as measured from the ES reaction rate under the no-oscillation assumption is consistent with the high precision ES measurement by the Super-Kamiokande experiment. The v(e) flux deduced from the CC reaction rate in SNO differs from the Super-Kamiokande ES results by 3.3sigma. This is evidence for an active neutrino component, in additional to v(e), in the solar neutrino flux. These results also allow the first experimental determination of the total active B-8 neutrino flux from the Sun, and is found to be in good agreement with solar model predictions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Poon, AWP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 218 EP 230 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600020 ER PT S AU Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, L Miller, J Fukumura, A Iwata, Y Murakami, T MacGibbon, J Pinsky, L Wilson, T AF Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, L Miller, J Fukumura, A Iwata, Y Murakami, T MacGibbon, J Pinsky, L Wilson, T BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Nuclear fragmentation cross sections for NASA database development SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID TARGETS AB Heavy ions with energies of hundreds to thousands of MeV/nucleon are present in the Galactic Cosmic Rays and will be a source of risk to astronaut health when long-duration crewed missions are undertaken. Nuclear interactions of these GCR ions in shielding materials must be accurately modeled by transport codes in order to estimate the dose and dose equivalent at points inside a spacecraft. Uncertainties in the nuclear fragmentation cross sections are propagated into these estimates, and the overall uncertainties increase as shielding depth increases. A program of fragmentation cross section measurements has therefore been undertaken to reduce these uncertainties, using GCR-like ion species and energies in particle accelerators in the United States, at the Brookhaven National Laboratory's Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and in Japan at the National Institute of Radiological Science's Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). An extensive set of data has been obtained with beams ranging from helium to iron and including most of the species that are prominent in the GCR. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zeitlin, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 285 EP 289 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600025 ER PT S AU McMahan, MA Koga, R AF McMahan, MA Koga, R BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Radiation effects testing at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at LBNL SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY AB The effects of ionizing particles on sensitive microelectronics is an important component of the design of systems as diverse as satellites and space probes, detectors for high energy physics experiments and even internet server farms. Understanding the effects of radiation on human cells is an equally important endeavor directed towards future manned missions in space and towards cancer therapy. At the 88-Inch Cyclotron at the Berkeley Laboratory, facilities are available for radiation effects testing (RET) with heavy ions and with protons. The techniques for doing these measurements and the advantages of using a cyclotron will be discussed, and the Cyclotron facilities will be compared with other facilities worldwide. RET of the same part at several facilities of varying beam energy can provide tests of the simple models used in this field and elucidate the relative importance of atomic and nuclear effects. The results and implications of such measurements will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McMahan, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 290 EP 294 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600026 ER PT S AU Klein, S AF Klein, S CA STAR Collaboration BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Ultra-peripheral collisions of relativistic heavy ions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID VECTOR-MESON PRODUCTION; DISSOCIATION AB We report the first observation of exclusive p production in ultra-peripheral collisions at RHIC. The p are produced electromagnetically at large impact parameters where no hadronic interactions occur. The produced p have a small perpendicular momentum, consistent with production that is coherent on both the photon emitting and scattering nuclei. We observe both exclusive p production, and p production accompanied by electromagnetic dissociation of both nuclei. We discuss models of vector meson production and the correlation with nuclear breakup. We also observe e(+)e(-) pair production in these ultra-peripheral collisions. RP Klein, S (reprint author), 70-319 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 410 EP 414 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600050 ER PT S AU Reimer, PE Awes, TC Beddo, ME Brooks, ML Brown, CN Bush, JD Carey, TA Chang, TH Cooper, WE Gagliardi, CA Garvey, GT Geesaman, DF Hawker, EA He, XC Isenhower, LD Kaplan, DM Kaufman, SB Kirk, PN Koetke, DD Kyle, G Lee, DM Lee, WM Leitch, MJ Makins, NCR McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Mueller, BA Nord, PM Papavassiliou, V Park, BK Peng, JC Petitt, G Sadler, ME Sondheim, WE Stankus, PW Thompson, TN Towell, RS Tribble, RE Vasiliev, MA Webb, JC Willis, JL Wise, DK Young, GR AF Reimer, PE Awes, TC Beddo, ME Brooks, ML Brown, CN Bush, JD Carey, TA Chang, TH Cooper, WE Gagliardi, CA Garvey, GT Geesaman, DF Hawker, EA He, XC Isenhower, LD Kaplan, DM Kaufman, SB Kirk, PN Koetke, DD Kyle, G Lee, DM Lee, WM Leitch, MJ Makins, NCR McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Mueller, BA Nord, PM Papavassiliou, V Park, BK Peng, JC Petitt, G Sadler, ME Sondheim, WE Stankus, PW Thompson, TN Towell, RS Tribble, RE Vasiliev, MA Webb, JC Willis, JL Wise, DK Young, GR BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Measurement of polarization observables in gamma and psi production with 800 GeV p+Cu collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID S = 27.4; DIMUON PRODUCTION; HEAVY QUARKONIUM; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; GLUON FRAGMENTATION; HADRON COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; CROSS-SECTIONS; HIGH ENERGIES; J/PSI AB Despite QCD's success in describing many aspects of the strong interaction, an adequate description of quarkonia production is still missing. While the production of the heavy Q (Q) over bar pair from gluon-gluon fusion or quark-antiquark annihilation can be perturbatively calculated, the long-distance process involving the formation of the bound states is presently not amenable to calculation. Various models of quarkonia production have been proposed, including color singlet and octet components, and these models make predictions for polarization of the quarkonia. FNAL E866 has measured the polarization of quarkonia production in the psi and gamma families. The data show that the gamma(1S) is produced with only slight polarization, and only at large fractional longitudinal momentum (x(F)) or large transverse momenta (P-T), while the Y(2S) and (3S) states are completely polarized. In the psi family, the J/psi is produced with only slight polarization, which changes from transverse to longitudinal as a function of increasing x(F). These results are particularly important to both RHIC and CERN, where charmonium formation plays a critical role in the search for a quark-gluon plasma. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reimer, PE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600052 ER PT S AU Bardayan, DW AF Bardayan, DW BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Recent results in nuclear astrophysics using radioactive fluorine beams at the HRIBF SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID HOT CNO CYCLE; F-18(P,ALPHA)O-15 REACTION; REACTION-RATES; NE-18; STATE; F-17(P,GAMMA)NE-18; ENERGIES; F-18; O-14(ALPHA,P)F-17; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB In explosive environments such as novae and X-ray bursts, the rates of charged-particle induced reactions on proton-rich radioactive nuclei can become faster than their beta decays. These reactions have a profound effect on the characteristics of the explosions, influencing observables such as the luminosity, the nucleosynthesis, and the amounts of radioisotopes synthesized. Knowledge of the reaction rates on proton-rich nuclei is, therefore, vital to the understanding of these cataclysmic stellar events. At the ORNL Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF), we are making some of the first measurements of critical reaction cross sections and properties of astrophysically important nuclear resonances using radioactive beams of fluorine atoms. The results of these measurements have resolved significant uncertainties in the (17) F(p, gamma)Ne-18, F-18(p,alpha)O-15, and O-14(alpha,p)F-17 stellar reaction rates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bardayan, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 451 EP 455 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600058 ER PT S AU Glendenning, NK Weber, F AF Glendenning, NK Weber, F BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Spin clustering of accreting x-ray neutron stars as possible evidence of quark matter SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID MAGNETIC-FIELD EVOLUTION; RADIO PULSARS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BLACK-HOLES; DECONFINEMENT; BINARY; SIGNAL AB A neutron star in binary orbit with a low-mass non-degenerate companion becomes a source of x-rays with millisecond variability when mass accretion spins it up. Centrifugally driven changes in density profile may initiate a phase transition in a growing region of the core parallel to what may take place in an isolated millisecond pulsar, but in reverse. Such a star will spend a longer time in the spin frequency range over which the transition occurs than elsewhere because the change of phase, paced by the spinup rate, is accompanied by a growth in the moment of inertia. The population of accreters will exhibit a clustering in the critical frequency range. A phase change triggered by changing spin and the accompanying adjustment of moment of inertia has its analogue in rotating nuclei. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glendenning, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 470 EP 474 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600062 ER PT S AU Debbe, R AF Debbe, R CA BRAHMS Collaboration BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Charged particle multiplicities at BRAHMS SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID PLUS AU COLLISIONS; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV AB This report presents the measurement of charged particle multiplicity densities dN/deta in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions as function of eta and the centrality of the collisions. This distributions were extracted from data collected by the BRAHMS collaboration during the first RHIC run with gold ions at rootS(NN) = 130GeV. The analysis method is described and, results are compared to some model predictions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Debbe, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 512 EP 516 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600070 ER PT S AU Filimonov, K Adamova, D Agakichiev, G Appelshauser, H Belaga, V Braun-Munzinger, P Cherlin, S Damjanovic, S Dietel, T Drees, A Esumi, SI Fomenko, K Fraenkel, Z Garabatos, C Glassel, P Hering, G Kushpil, V Lenkeit, B Maas, A Marin, A Milosevic, J Milov, A Miskowiec, D Panebrattsev, Y Petchenova, O Petracek, V Pfeiffer, A Rak, J Ravinovich, I Rehak, P Sako, H Schmitz, W Schukraft, J Sedykh, S Seipp, W Shimansky, S Slivova, J Specht, HJ Stachel, K Sumbera, M Tilsner, H Tserruya, I Wessels, JP Wienold, T Windelband, B Wurm, JP Xie, W Yurevich, S Yurevich, V AF Filimonov, K Adamova, D Agakichiev, G Appelshauser, H Belaga, V Braun-Munzinger, P Cherlin, S Damjanovic, S Dietel, T Drees, A Esumi, SI Fomenko, K Fraenkel, Z Garabatos, C Glassel, P Hering, G Kushpil, V Lenkeit, B Maas, A Marin, A Milosevic, J Milov, A Miskowiec, D Panebrattsev, Y Petchenova, O Petracek, V Pfeiffer, A Rak, J Ravinovich, I Rehak, P Sako, H Schmitz, W Schukraft, J Sedykh, S Seipp, W Shimansky, S Slivova, J Specht, HJ Stachel, K Sumbera, M Tilsner, H Tserruya, I Wessels, JP Wienold, T Windelband, B Wurm, JP Xie, W Yurevich, S Yurevich, V BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI New results on Pb-Au collisions at 40 AG eV from the CERES/NA45 experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PARTICLE; ENHANCEMENT; DILEPTONS; GEV/C C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Filimonov, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 556 EP 560 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600079 ER PT S AU Huovinen, P AF Huovinen, P BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Hydrodynamical analysis of flow at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW AB We use a hydrodynamical model to describe the evolution of the collision system at collision energies roots = 130 and 200 GeV. At lower roots = 130 GeV energy we compare the results obtained assuming fast or slow thermalization (thermalization times tau(0) = 0.6 and 4.1 fm/c, respectively) and show that slow thermalization fails to reproduce the observed anisotropy of particle distribution. At roots = 200 GeV collision energy our results show anisotropies similar to those observed at roots = 130 GeV. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huovinen, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 571 EP 575 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600082 ER PT S AU Moss, JM Garvey, GT Johnson, MB Leitch, MJ McGaughey, PL Peng, JC Kopeliovich, BZ Potashnikova, IK AF Moss, JM Garvey, GT Johnson, MB Leitch, MJ McGaughey, PL Peng, JC Kopeliovich, BZ Potashnikova, IK BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Energy loss of fast quarks in nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID DIMUON PRODUCTION; DEPENDENCE AB We report an analysis of the nuclear dependence of the yield of Drell-Yan (DY) dimuons from the 800 GeV/c proton bombardment of H-2, C, Ca, Fe, and W targets. A light-cone formulation of the DY process is employed in the rest frame of the nucleus. In this frame, for x(2) much less than x(1), DY production appears as bremsstrahlung of a virtual photon followed by decay into dileptons. We treat the two sources of nuclear suppression, energy loss and shadowing, in a consistent formulation. Shadowing, involving no free parameters, is calculated within the light-cone dipole formalism. Initial-state energy loss, the only unknown in the problem, is determined from a fit to the nuclear-dependence ratio versus x(1). With the assumption of constant energy loss per unit path length, we find -dE/dz = 2.32+/-0.52+/-0.5 GeV/fm. This is the first observation of a nonzero energy loss of partons traveling in nuclear environment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moss, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 576 EP 580 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600083 ER PT S AU Phair, L Moretto, LG Jing, KX Beaulieu, L Breus, D Elliott, JB Fan, TS Rubehn, T Wozniak, GJ AF Phair, L Moretto, LG Jing, KX Beaulieu, L Breus, D Elliott, JB Fan, TS Rubehn, T Wozniak, GJ BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Precise shell effects and barriers from fission probabilities of neighboring isotopes SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID SCALING LAWS; NUCLEAR; MASSES AB Fission excitation functions have been measured and analyzed for a chain of neighboring compound nuclei, from Po-207 to Po-212. We present a new analysis which provides an accurate description of the fission barriers and ground state shell effects. Estimates of the fusion cross section are also obtained. The improved accuracy achieved in this analysis may lead to a future detailed exploration of the saddle mass surface. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Phair, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 618 EP 622 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600091 ER PT S AU Younes, W Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Garrett, PE McGrath, CA McNabb, DP Nelson, RO Johns, GD Wilburn, WS Drake, DM AF Younes, W Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Garrett, PE McGrath, CA McNabb, DP Nelson, RO Johns, GD Wilburn, WS Drake, DM BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Transition from asymmetric to symmetric fission in the U-235(n,f) reaction SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID NEUTRON AB Prompt gamma rays from the neutron-induced fission of U-235 have been studied using the GEANIE spectrometer situated at the LANSCE/WNR "white" neutron facility. Gamma-ray production cross sections for 29 ground-state-band transitions in 18 even-even fission fragments were obtained as a function of incident neutron energy, using the time-of-flight technique. Independent yields were deduced from these cross sections and fitted with standard formulations of the fragment charge and mass distributions to study the transition from asymmetric to symmetric fission. The results are interpreted in the context of the disappearance of shell structure at high excitation energies. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Younes, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 673 EP 677 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600102 ER PT S AU Elliott, JB Moretto, LG Phair, L Wozniak, GJ Beaulieu, L Breuer, H Korteling, RG Kwiatkowski, K Lefort, T Pienkowski, L Ruangma, A Viola, VE Yennello, SJ Albergo, S Bieser, F Brady, FP Caccia, Z Cebra, DA Chacon, AD Chance, JL Choi, Y Costa, S Gilkes, ML Hauger, JA Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Insolia, A Justice, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Lindenstruth, V Lisa, MA Matis, HS McMahan, M McParland, C Muller, WFJ Olson, DL Partlan, MD Porile, NT Potenza, R Rai, G Rasmussen, J Ritter, HG Romanski, J Romero, JL Russo, GV Sann, H Scharenberg, RP Scott, A Shao, Y Srivastava, BK Symons, TJM Tincknell, M Tuve, C Wang, S Warren, P Wieman, HH Wienold, T Wolf, K AF Elliott, JB Moretto, LG Phair, L Wozniak, GJ Beaulieu, L Breuer, H Korteling, RG Kwiatkowski, K Lefort, T Pienkowski, L Ruangma, A Viola, VE Yennello, SJ Albergo, S Bieser, F Brady, FP Caccia, Z Cebra, DA Chacon, AD Chance, JL Choi, Y Costa, S Gilkes, ML Hauger, JA Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Insolia, A Justice, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Lindenstruth, V Lisa, MA Matis, HS McMahan, M McParland, C Muller, WFJ Olson, DL Partlan, MD Porile, NT Potenza, R Rai, G Rasmussen, J Ritter, HG Romanski, J Romero, JL Russo, GV Sann, H Scharenberg, RP Scott, A Shao, Y Srivastava, BK Symons, TJM Tincknell, M Tuve, C Wang, S Warren, P Wieman, HH Wienold, T Wolf, K BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI The coexistence curve of finite charged nuclear matter SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID GAS PHASE-TRANSITION; SYSTEMS AB The multi fragmentation data of the ISiS Collaboration and the EOS Collaboration are examined. Fisher's droplet formalism, modified to account for Coulomb energy, is used to determine the critical exponents tau and sigma, the surface energy coefficient c(0), the pressure-temperature-density coexistence curve of finite nuclear matter and the location of the critical point. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Elliott, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yennello, Sherry/B-5803-2015; Insolia, Antonio/M-3447-2015 OI Yennello, Sherry/0000-0003-3963-5217; Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 683 EP 687 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600104 ER PT S AU Macchiavelli, AO Harris, Z Fallon, P AF Macchiavelli, AO Harris, Z Fallon, P BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI A model study of T=0 and T=1 pairing in a single j shell SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID NUCLEI AB We review the experimental data on binding energy differences for nuclei along the N = Z line and compare these results with calculations based on single l and single j shell models. In spite of their simplicity, these models incorporate the main ingredients of the np pairing correlations and provide a firm basis to support some general arguments that can be used to rule out the formation of a condensate of isoscalar np pairs C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Macchiavelli, AO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 783 EP 787 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600124 ER PT S AU Ward, D Swiatecki, W Diamond, RM Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Fallon, P Gorgen, A Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Myers, W Stephens, FS Svensson, CE Vetter, K AF Ward, D Swiatecki, W Diamond, RM Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Fallon, P Gorgen, A Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Myers, W Stephens, FS Svensson, CE Vetter, K BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Search for the Jacobi shape transition in rapidly rotating nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY AB We have studied the continuous gamma radiation from reactions of Ca-48 beams on targets of Ti-50, Ni-64, Zr-96, and Sn-124 at very high angular momentum. In all but the heaviest target, the nuclear moments of inertia rise rapidly with increasing angular momentum and the data suggest that the gamma ray energies may reach a maximum value. Whether this arises from a gradual transition towards a highly deformed Jacobi-like shape, or from other effects, is unclear. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ward, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 835 EP 838 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600134 ER PT S AU Ginocchio, JN AF Ginocchio, JN BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Pseudospin symmetry: A relativistic symmetry in nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS; TRANSITIONS; POTENTIALS; SCATTERING; ALIGNMENT AB We briefly review the evidence that pseudospin symmetry is an SU(2) symmetry of the Dirac Hamiltonian. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 895 EP 899 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600146 ER PT S AU Murata, J AF Murata, J CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Construction of the PHENIX south muon arm SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY AB Installation of the south PHENIX muon arm was completed in January 2001. The role of the muon arm is to track and identify muons, providing good rejection of pions; and kaons. In order to accomplish this, we employ a radial field magnetic spectrometer with precision tracking (muon tracker) followed by a stack of absorber/low resolution tracking layers (muon identifier). We report the design, construction and performance of the muon tracker and the muon identifier. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Murata, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 947 EP 951 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600156 ER PT S AU Beeman, JW Haller, EE McDonald, RJ Norman, EB Smith, AR Giuliani, A Pedretti, M Ventura, G Balata, M Bucci, C Pobes, C Palmieri, V Frossati, G de Waard, A Brofferio, C Capelli, S Carbone, L Cremonesi, O Fiorini, E Giugni, D Negri, P Nucciotti, A Pavan, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Previtali, E Vanzini, M Zanotti, L Avignone, FT Creswick, RJ Farach, HA Rosenfeld, C Cembrian, S Irastorza, G Morales, A AF Beeman, JW Haller, EE McDonald, RJ Norman, EB Smith, AR Giuliani, A Pedretti, M Ventura, G Balata, M Bucci, C Pobes, C Palmieri, V Frossati, G de Waard, A Brofferio, C Capelli, S Carbone, L Cremonesi, O Fiorini, E Giugni, D Negri, P Nucciotti, A Pavan, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Previtali, E Vanzini, M Zanotti, L Avignone, FT Creswick, RJ Farach, HA Rosenfeld, C Cembrian, S Irastorza, G Morales, A BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI CUORE: The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; GE-76; IGEX AB The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) will be a large-scale, multi-purpose observatory that is planned for construction in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory in Italy. Its primary focus will be on a search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of Te-130, The source/detector will be composed of one thousand 5-cm x 5-cm x 5-cm single crystals of TeO2 all housed in a common dilution refrigerator. Attached to each crystal will be one or more neutron-transmutation-doped (NTD) germanium thermistors that will measure the small temperature rise produced in a crystal when radiation is absorbed. The high natural isotopic abundance of Te-130 (33.8%) makes the use of isotopically enriched material unnecessary. In addition, the high Q-value for the double-beta decay of Te-130 means that the peak in the summed electron energy spectrum expected from the neutrinoless mode will occur in an energy region of very little natural background. Once constructed, CUORE can also be used in searches for dark matter, solar axions, and other rare decay processes in nuclear physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beeman, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012 OI Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 978 EP 979 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600162 ER PT S AU Chrien, RE AF Chrien, RE BE Norman, E Schroeder, L Wozniak, G TI Production of light S=-2 hypernuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, JM Nitschke Fund E Bay Community Fdn HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID DECAYS AB Experiment AGS-E906, demonstrating the production of double-A hypernuclei in (K-,K+) reactions on Be-9, was carried out at the D6 bean-dine. The technique was the observation of pions produced in sequential mesonic weak decay. The results indicate production of a significant number of (4)(Lambda)(Lambda) H and the twin hypernuclei (4)(Lambda) H and 3(Lambda)(H). An implication of this experiment is that the existence of an S=-2 dibaryon more than a few MeV below the LambdaLambda mass is unlikely. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chrien, RE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0056-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 610 BP 1024 EP 1028 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV19Q UT WOS:000178112600171 ER PT J AU Tsiklauri, G Newman, D Omberg, R Meriwether, G Korolev, V Filippov, G Bogoyavlensky, R AF Tsiklauri, G Newman, D Omberg, R Meriwether, G Korolev, V Filippov, G Bogoyavlensky, R TI Pebble-bed boiling water reactor concept SO NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the American-Nuclear-Society CY NOV, 2001 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Nucl Soc C1 Nucl Power Engn & Dev Inst, Moscow, Russia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tsiklauri, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU EQES INC PI GLEN ELLYN PA 799 ROOSEVELT RD, BUILDING 6, STE 208, GLEN ELLYN, IL 60137-5925 USA SN 0892-2055 J9 NUCL PLANT J JI Nucl. Plant J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 37 EP + PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 527YN UT WOS:000174215700024 ER PT B AU Hassberger, JA AF Hassberger, JA BE Leventhal, P Tanzer, S Dolley, S TI Technical Opportunities for Increasing Proliferation Resistance of Nuclear Power Systems [TOPS] task force SO NUCLEAR POWER AND THE SPREAD OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS: CAN WE HAVE ONE WITHOUT THE OTHER? LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclear Power and the Spread of Nuclear Weapons CY APR 09, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Nucl Control Inst C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hassberger, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRASSEYS INC PI STERLING PA 22841 QUICKSILVER DR, STERLING, VA 20166 USA BN 1-57488-494-8 PY 2002 BP 157 EP + PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Social Issues SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Social Issues GA BX51F UT WOS:000185571100011 ER PT B AU Davis, ZS AF Davis, ZS BE Leventhal, P Tanzer, S Dolley, S TI Overview of nuclear power and nuclear weapons SO NUCLEAR POWER AND THE SPREAD OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS: CAN WE HAVE ONE WITHOUT THE OTHER? LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclear Power and the Spread of Nuclear Weapons CY APR 09, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Nucl Control Inst C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Z Div, Foreign Nucl Programs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Davis, ZS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Z Div, Foreign Nucl Programs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRASSEYS INC PI STERLING PA 22841 QUICKSILVER DR, STERLING, VA 20166 USA BN 1-57488-494-8 PY 2002 BP 185 EP 188 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Social Issues SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Social Issues GA BX51F UT WOS:000185571100013 ER PT J AU Franke, BC Larsen, EW AF Franke, BC Larsen, EW TI Radial moment calculations of coupled electron-photon beams SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SCREENED RUTHERFORD SCATTERING; SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION METHODS; FORWARD-PEAKED SCATTERING; FOKKER-PLANCK; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; SN EQUATIONS; MONTE-CARLO; TRANSPORT; OPTIMIZATION; DIFFUSION AB We consider the steady-state transport of normally incident pencil beams of radiation in slabs of material. A method has been developed for determining the exact radial moments of three-dimensional (3-D) beams of radiation as a function of depth into the slab, by solving systems of one-dimensional (1-D) transport equations. We implement these radial-moment equations in the ONEBFP discrete ordinates code and simulate energy-dependent, coupled electron-photon beams using CEPXS-generated cross sections. Modified PN synthetic acceleration is employed to speed up the iterative convergence of the 1-D charged-particle calculations. For high-energy photon beams, a hybrid Monte Carlo/discrete ordinates method is examined. We demonstrate the efficiency of the calculations and make comparisons with 3-D Monte Carlo calculations. Thus, by solving 1-D transport equations, we obtain realistic multidimensional information concerning the broadening of electron-photon beams. This information is relevant to fields such as industrial radiography, medical imaging, radiation oncology, particle accelerators, and lasers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Simulat Technol Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Franke, BC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Simulat Technol Res Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 140 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 503XM UT WOS:000172827000001 ER PT J AU Pautz, SD Adams, ML AF Pautz, SD Adams, ML TI An asymptotic study of discretized transport equations in the Fokker-Planck limit SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SLAB GEOMETRY AB Recent analyses have shown that the Fokker-Planck equation is an asymptotic limit of the transport equation given a forward-peaked scattering kernel satisfying certain constraints. Discretized transport equations in the same limit are studied, both by asymptotic analysis and by numerical testing. It is shown that spatially discretized discrete ordinates transport solutions can be accurate in this limit if and only if the scattering operator is handled in a certain nonstandard way. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Pautz, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, CCS-4,POB 1663,MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 140 IS 1 BP 51 EP 69 PG 19 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 503XM UT WOS:000172827000003 ER PT J AU Carew, JF Hu, K AF Carew, JF Hu, K TI Application of neutron dosimetry measurements in the determination of reactor pressure vessel fluence SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Pressure vessel surveillance and benchmark dosimetry measurements are used to determine the effects of the plant-specific as-built core/internals/vessel materials and geometry on the vessel fluence. In several recent applications, uncertainties in these measurements and their interpretation have prevented the use of the dosimetry measurements in the benchmarking of the vessel fluence calculations. In this analysis, the uncertainties having a significant effect on the measurement-to-calculation comparisons used in the benchmarking are identified and evaluated, and the effect of these uncertainties on the >1-MeV vessel fluence derived from the measurements is determined. The vessel >1-MeV fluence is determined by a weighted sum of the response from a set of Cu-63, Ti-46, Ni-58, Fe-54, U-238, and Np-237 fast neutron dosimeters located on the outer wall of the thermal shield, vessel inner wall and/or in the cavity outside the vessel. The uncertainty estimates assume a well-maintained and calibrated measurement system and the use of state-of-the-art methods for interpreting the measurements. In the case where the effects of the individual uncertainties on the fluence are correlated, the specific correlation is calculated and properly included in the fluence uncertainty estimate. The uncertainty in the >1-MeV fluence inferred from dosimeters located on the outer wall of the thermal shield or on the inner wall of the vessel ranges from 11 to 15% (1 sigma) depending on the specific type of fast neutron dosimeter. The uncertainty in the >1-MeV fluence inferred from dosimeters located in the cavity is significantly higher, due to the uncertainty in the iron cross section and the resulting uncertainty in the extrapolation to the vessel inner wall, and ranges from 19 to 23% depending on the type of dosimeter. These vessel fluence uncertainties are substantially larger than the uncertainty in the measured dosimeter reaction rates of 6 to 8% from which the fluence was derived. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carew, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 140 IS 1 BP 70 EP 85 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 503XM UT WOS:000172827000004 ER PT J AU Benck, S Slypen, I Meulders, JP Corcalciuc, V Chadwick, MB AF Benck, S Slypen, I Meulders, JP Corcalciuc, V Chadwick, MB TI Fast neutron-induced emission of light charged particles on aluminum (E-n=25 to 55 MeV) SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PROTON; MODEL AB Double-differential cross sections (spectra)for light charged particle (proton, deuteron, triton, and alpha) emission in fast neutron-induced reactions on aluminum are reported for eight incident neutron energies between 25 and 55 MeV, augmenting previous results at 63 MeV Angular distributions were measured at 15 laboratory angles between 20 and 160 deg, Procedures for data taking and data reduction are presented. Deduced energy-differential and total production cross sections are also reported. Experimental cross sections are compared to existing experimental proton-induced data and to nuclear model calculations that include preequilibrium and compound nucleus decay mechanisms. These calculations formed the basis of a recent set of higher-energy ENDF/B-VI data evaluations (the LA150 Library), and therefore, the present measurements facilitate a testing of the accuracy of these evaluated cross sections. This is important for accelerator-driven-systems design, where radiation transport simulation codes require accurate nuclear data to guide engineering design. Comparisons between the experimental data and the calculated values indicate that while proton, triton, and alpha-particle emission are modeled fairly accurately, deuteron emission is only poorly described, and further improvements to the nuclear reaction models for preequilibrium cluster emission are needed. C1 Univ Catholique Louvain, Inst Nucl Phys, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Univ Catholique Louvain, Inst Nucl Phys, Chemin Cyclotron 2, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 140 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 503XM UT WOS:000172827000005 ER PT J AU Gelbart, WM Bayraktaroglu, L Crosby, M Emmert, D Hradecky, P Huang, Y Matthews, B Russo, S Smutniak, F Ashburner, M de Grey, A Drysdale, R Foulger, R Knight, K Millburn, G Yamada, C Kaufman, T Matthews, K Gilbert, D Grumblin, G Strelets, V Shemen, C Rubin, G Frise, E Harris, N Kaminker, J Lewis, S Marshall, B Misra, S Mungall, C Richter, J Shu, S Tupy, J AF Gelbart, WM Bayraktaroglu, L Crosby, M Emmert, D Hradecky, P Huang, Y Matthews, B Russo, S Smutniak, F Ashburner, M de Grey, A Drysdale, R Foulger, R Knight, K Millburn, G Yamada, C Kaufman, T Matthews, K Gilbert, D Grumblin, G Strelets, V Shemen, C Rubin, G Frise, E Harris, N Kaminker, J Lewis, S Marshall, B Misra, S Mungall, C Richter, J Shu, S Tupy, J CA FlyBase Consortium TI The FlyBase database of the Drosophila genome projects and community literature SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB FlyBase (http://flybase.bio.indiana.edu/) provides an integrated view of the fundamental genomic and genetic data on the major genetic model Drosophila melanogaster and related species. Following on the success of the Drosophila genome project, FlyBase has primary responsibility for the continual reannotation of the D.melanogastergenome. The ultimate goal of the reannotation effort is to decorate the euchromatic sequence of the genome with as much biological information as is available from the community and from the major genome project centers. The current cycle of reannotation focuses on establishing a comprehensive data set of gene models (i.e. transcription units and CDSs). There are many points of entry to the genome within FlyBase, most notably through maps, gene ontologies, structured phenotypic and gene expression data, and anatomy. C1 Harvard Univ, Biol Labs, FlyBase, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NCBI, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Gelbart, WM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Biol Labs, FlyBase, 16 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gelbart@morgan.harvard.edu OI Foulger, Rebecca/0000-0001-8682-8754; Lewis, Suzanna/0000-0002-8343-612X; Rubin, Gerald/0000-0001-8762-8703 NR 4 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 106 EP 108 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 508FB UT WOS:000173077100027 ER PT J AU Chandonia, JM Walker, NS Conte, LL Koehl, P Levitt, M Brenner, SE AF Chandonia, JM Walker, NS Conte, LL Koehl, P Levitt, M Brenner, SE TI ASTRAL compendium enhancements SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN STRUCTURES; DATABASE; PDB AB The ASTRAL compendium provides several databases and tools to aid in the analysis of protein structures, particularly through the use of their sequences. It is partially derived from the SCOP database of protein domains, and it includes sequences for each domain as well as other resources useful for studying these sequences and domain structures. Several major improvements have been made to the ASTRAL compendium since its initial release 2 years ago. The number of protein domain sequences included has doubled from 15 190 to 30 867, and additional databases have been added. The Rapid Access Format (RAF) database contains manually curated mappings linking the biological amino acid sequences described in the SEQRES records of PDB entries to the amino acid sequences structurally observed (provided in the ATOM records) in a format designed for rapid access by automated tools. This information is used to derive sequences for protein domains in the SCOP database. In cases where a SCOP domain spans several protein chains, all of which can be traced back to a single genetic source, a 'genetic domain' sequence is created by concatenating the sequences of each chain in the order found in the original gene sequence. Both the original-style library of SCOP sequences and a new library including genetic domain sequences are available. Selected representative subsets of each of these libraries, based on multiple criteria and degrees of similarity, are also included. ASTRAL may be accessed at http://astral.stanford.edu/. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MRC, Mol Biol Lab, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Brenner, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Kishland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Levitt, Michael/E-4582-2012; Koehl, Patrice/K-5708-2013; Brenner, Steven/A-8729-2008 OI Levitt, Michael/0000-0002-8414-7397; Koehl, Patrice/0000-0002-0908-068X; Brenner, Steven/0000-0001-7559-6185 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [1-K22-HG00056, K22 HG000056]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1-P50-GM62412, GM1455, P50 GM062412] NR 15 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 260 EP 263 DI 10.1093/nar/30.1.260 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 508FB UT WOS:000173077100070 PM 11752310 ER PT J AU Xenarios, I Salwinski, L Duan, XQJ Higney, P Kim, SM Eisenberg, D AF Xenarios, I Salwinski, L Duan, XQJ Higney, P Kim, SM Eisenberg, D TI DIP, the Database of Interacting Proteins: a research tool for studying cellular networks of protein interactions SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE AB The Database of Interacting Proteins (DIP: http://dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu) is a database that documents experimentally determined protein-protein interactions. It provides the scientific community with an integrated set of tools for browsing and extracting information about protein interaction networks. As of September 2001, the DIP catalogs similar to11 000 unique interactions among 5900 proteins from >80 organisms; the vast majority from yeast, Helicobacter pylori and human. Tools have been developed that allow users to analyze, visualize and integrate their own experimental data with the information about protein-protein interactions available in the DIP database. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, POB 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Xenarios, Ioannis/0000-0002-3413-6841 NR 16 TC 890 Z9 937 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 303 EP 305 DI 10.1093/nar/30.1.303 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 508FB UT WOS:000173077100081 PM 11752321 ER PT J AU Maltsev, N Marland, E Yu, GX Bhatnagar, S Lusk, R AF Maltsev, N Marland, E Yu, GX Bhatnagar, S Lusk, R TI Sentra, a database of signal transduction proteins SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FAMILIES AB Sentra (http://www-wit.mcs.anl.gov/sentra) is a database of signal transduction proteins with the emphasis on microbial signal transduction. The database was updated to include classes of signal transduction systems modulated by either phosphorylation or methylation reactions such as PAS proteins and serine/threonine kinases, as well as the classical two-component histidine kinases and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. Currently, Sentra contains signal transduction proteins from 43 completely sequenced prokaryotic genomes as well as sequences from SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL. Signal transduction proteins are annotated with information describing conserved domains, paralogous and orthologous sequences, and conserved chromosomal gene clusters. The newly developed user interface supports flexible search capabilities and extensive visualization of the data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maltsev, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 349 EP 350 DI 10.1093/nar/30.1.349 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 508FB UT WOS:000173077100094 PM 11752334 ER PT J AU Klosterman, PS Tamura, M Holbrook, SR Brenner, SE AF Klosterman, PS Tamura, M Holbrook, SR Brenner, SE TI SCOR: A Structural Classification of RNA database SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SYNTHETASE; RIBOZYME; COMPLEX AB The Structural Classification of RNA (SCOR) database provides a survey of the three-dimensional motifs contained in 259 NMR and X-ray RNA structures. In one classification, the structures are grouped according to function. The RNA motifs, including internal and external loops, are also organized in a hierarchical classification. The 259 database entries contain 223 internal and 203 external loops; 52 entries consist of fully complementary duplexes. A classification of the well-characterized tertiary interactions found in the larger RNA structures is also included along with examples. The SCOR database is accessible at http://scor.lbl.gov. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brenner, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Brenner, Steven/A-8729-2008 OI Brenner, Steven/0000-0001-7559-6185 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [1 K22 HG00056, K22 HG000056] NR 21 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 392 EP 394 DI 10.1093/nar/30.1.392 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 508FB UT WOS:000173077100106 PM 11752346 ER PT S AU Davis, K Smaragdakis, Y Striegnitz, J AF Davis, K Smaragdakis, Y Striegnitz, J BE Frohner, A TI Multiparadigm programming with OO languages SO OBJECT-ORIENTED TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ECOOP 2001 Workshop CY JUN 18-22, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Univ Eotvos Lorand, Informat Dept, Assic Int Technol Objects, ACM/SIGPLAN AB While OO has become ubiquitous for design, implementation, and even conceptualization, many practitioners recognize the need for other programming paradigms, according to problem domain. We seek answers to the question of how to address the need for other programming paradigms in the general context of OO languages. Can OO programming languages effectively support other programming paradigms? The tentative answer seems to be affirmative, at least for some paradigms; for example, significant progress has been made for the case of functional programming in C++. Additionally, several efforts have been made to integrate support for other paradigms as a front-end for OO languages (the Pizza language, extending Java, is a prominent example). This workshop seeks to bring together practitioners and researchers in this developing field to 'compare notes' on their work-that is, to describe techniques, idioms, methodologies, language extensions, software, or supporting theoretical work for expressing non-OO paradigms in OO languages. Work-in-progress descriptions are welcome, as are experience papers if they present a lesson to be learned. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Res Ctr Juelich, John von Neumann Inst Comp, Julich, Germany. RP Davis, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-43675-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2323 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW25Z UT WOS:000181349900010 ER PT S AU Neilsen, EH Kron, RG Boroski, WN AF Neilsen, EH Kron, RG Boroski, WN BE Quinn, PJ TI Sloan Digital Sky Survey observing time tracking and efficiency measurement SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS TO OPTIMIZE SCIENTIFIC RETURN III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Observatory Operations to Optimize Scientific Return CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE astronomical observatories; telescope operation; efficiency; time tracking AB Accurate and consistent time tracking is essential for evaluating the efficiency of survey observing operations and identifying areas that need improvement. Off the shelf time tracking software, which requires users to enter activities by hand, proved tedious to use and insufficiently flexible. In this paper, we present an alternate time tracking system developed specifically for Sloan Digital Sky Survey observing. This system uses an existing logging system, murmur, to log the beginning and ending times of tracked circumstances, including activities, weather, and problems which effect observing. Operations software automatically generates most entries for routine observing activities; in a night of routine observing, time tracking requires little or no attention from the observing staff. A graphical user interface allows observers to make entries marking time lost to weather and equipment, and to correct inaccurate entries made by the observing software. The last is necessary when the change in activity is not marked by a change in the state of the software or instruments, or when the time is used for engineering or other observing not part of routine survey data collection. A second utility generates reports of time usage from these logs. These reports include totals for the time spent for each observing task, time lost to weather and problems, efficiency statistics for comparison with the survey baseline, and a detailed listing of what activities and problems were present in any covered time period. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Neilsen, EH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4623-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4844 BP 130 EP 138 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW25B UT WOS:000181335200015 ER PT J AU Bleck, R AF Bleck, Rainer TI An oceanic general circulation model framed in hybrid isopycnic-Cartesian coordinates SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article AB A newly developed hybrid-coordinate ocean circulation model is documented and tested. Coordinate surfaces in this model adhere to isopycnals wherever this does not violate minimum layer thickness requirements; elsewhere, coordinate surfaces are geometrically constrained. The intent of this approach, some of whose features are reminiscent of the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) technique, is to combine the best features of isopycnic-coordinate and fixed-grid circulation models within a single framework. The hybrid model is an offshoot of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model whose solutions, obtained under identical geographic and forcing conditions, serve as reference. Century-scale simulations on a coarse-mesh near-global domain show considerable similarities in the modeled thermohaline-forced circulation. Certain architectural details, such as the choice of prognostic thermodynamic variables (rho, S versus T, S) and the algorithm for moving coordinate surfaces toward their reference isopycnals, are found to only have a minor impact on the solution. Emphasis in this article is on the numerical resiliency of the hybrid coordinate approach. Exploitation of the model's flexible coordinate layout in areas of ocean physics where pure isopycnic coordinate models only have limited options, such as mixed-layer turbulence parameterization, will be the subject of forthcoming articles. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bleck, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B296 EES-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bleck@lanl.gov NR 37 TC 499 Z9 518 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 55 EP 88 AR PII S1463-5003(01)00012-9 DI 10.1016/S1463-5003(01)00012-9 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA V05FJ UT WOS:000207111600003 ER PT J AU Dutay, JC Bullister, JL Doney, SC Orr, JC Najjar, R Caldeira, K Campin, JM Drange, H Follows, M Gao, Y Gruber, N Hecht, MW Ishida, A Joos, F Lindsay, K Madec, G Maier-Reimer, E Marshall, JC Matear, RJ Monfray, P Mouchet, A Plattner, GK Sarmiento, J Schlitzer, R Slater, R Totterdell, IJ Weirig, MF Yamanaka, Y Yool, A AF Dutay, J. -C. Bullister, J. L. Doney, S. C. Orr, J. C. Najjar, R. Caldeira, K. Campin, J. -M. Drange, H. Follows, M. Gao, Y. Gruber, N. Hecht, M. W. Ishida, A. Joos, F. Lindsay, K. Madec, G. Maier-Reimer, E. Marshall, J. C. Matear, R. J. Monfray, P. Mouchet, A. Plattner, G. -K. Sarmiento, J. Schlitzer, R. Slater, R. Totterdell, I. J. Weirig, M. -F. Yamanaka, Y. Yool, A. TI Evaluation of ocean model ventilation with CFC-11: comparison of 13 global ocean models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Models; Ocean ventilation; Transient tracers; CFC AB We compared the 13 models participating in the Ocean Carbon Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP) with regards to their skill in matching observed distributions of CFC-11. This analysis characterizes the abilities of these models to ventilate the ocean on timescales relevant for anthropogenic CO(2) uptake. We found a large range in the modeled global inventory (+/- 30%), mainly due to differences in ventilation from the high latitudes. In the Southern Ocean, models differ particularly in the longitudinal distribution of the CFC uptake in the intermediate water, whereas the latitudinal distribution is mainly controlled by the subgrid-scale parameterization. Models with isopycnal diffusion and eddy-induced velocity parameterization produce more realistic intermediate water ventilation. Deep and bottom water ventilation also varies substantially between the models. Models coupled to a sea-ice model systematically provide more realistic AABW formation source region; however these same models also largely overestimate AABW ventilation if no specific parameterization of brine rejection during sea-ice formation is included. In the North Pacific Ocean, all models exhibit a systematic large underestimation of the CFC uptake in the thermocline of the subtropical gyre, while no systematic difference toward the observations is found in the subpolar gyre. In the North Atlantic Ocean, the CFC uptake is globally underestimated in subsurface. In the deep ocean, all but the adjoint model, failed to produce the two recently ventilated branches observed in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Furthermore, simulated transport in the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) is too sluggish in all but the isopycnal model, where it is too rapid. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dutay, J. -C.; Orr, J. C.; Monfray, P.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bullister, J. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Doney, S. C.; Hecht, M. W.; Lindsay, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Najjar, R.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Caldeira, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Campin, J. -M.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Astron & Geophys G Lamaitre, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Follows, M.; Marshall, J. C.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gruber, N.; Sarmiento, J.; Slater, R.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ishida, A.; Yamanaka, Y.] Inst Global Change Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Joos, F.; Plattner, G. -K.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Madec, G.] Lab Oceanog Dynam & Climatol Paris, Paris, France. [Maier-Reimer, E.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Matear, R. J.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Schlitzer, R.; Weirig, M. -F.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Totterdell, I. J.; Yool, A.] Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Mouchet, A.] Univ Liege, Astrophys & Geophys Inst, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. RP Dutay, JC (reprint author), Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM dutay@lsce.saclay.cea.fr RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Mouchet, Anne/K-1911-2014; gao, yongqi/N-9347-2014; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/H-7393-2012; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/A-5245-2016; Orr, James/C-5221-2009; madec, gurvan/E-7825-2010; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Follows, Michael/G-9824-2011; Yool, Andrew/B-4799-2012; matear, richard/C-5133-2011 OI Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Mouchet, Anne/0000-0002-8846-3063; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/0000-0003-3369-3248; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/0000-0002-3765-0045; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080; madec, gurvan/0000-0002-6447-4198; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Yool, Andrew/0000-0002-9879-2776; NR 87 TC 138 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 89 EP 120 AR PII S1463-5003(01)00013-0 DI 10.1016/S1463-5003(01)00013-0 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA V05FK UT WOS:000207111700001 ER PT J AU Bleck, R AF Bleck, Rainer TI An Oceanic general circulation model framed in hybrid isopycnic-Cartesian coordinates (vol 4, pg 55, 2002) SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Correction C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bleck, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B296 EES-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bleck@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 219 EP 219 AR PII S1463-5003(01)00017-8 DI 10.1016/S1463-5003(01)00017-8 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA V05FK UT WOS:000207111700006 ER PT B AU Harbour, JL AF Harbour, JL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Assessing offshore vulnerabilities and counter-response capabilities using RapidOps SO OCEANS 2002 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION, VOLS 1-4, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans 2002 Conference CY OCT 29-31, 2002 CL BILOXI, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB Offshore hydrocarbon exploration, production, and transport capabilities represent critical national and international energy assets and infrastructures. As such, ensuring their continued protection against a diverse array of threats represents a top priority among government and industrial organizations alike. A first step in offering such assurances is the ability to conduct realistic vulnerability assessments of these key offshore assets and to evaluate various response capabilities. A recently developed tool (RapidOps) and associated method for evaluating vulnerabilities and response effectiveness is described. RapidOps links time- and probability-based modeling in a graphic, intuitive, easy-to-use, and field-deployable computer-assisted environment. This paper summarizes the basic concepts associated with assessing vulnerabilities and counter-response capabilities, especially related to deliberate, malevolent attacks. It then describes and illustrates the salient and applicable features of RapidOps and demonstrates how it can be specifically applied to assessing offshore vulnerabilities and response capabilities. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Harbour, JL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS 3605, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7534-3 PY 2002 BP 1176 EP 1179 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53J UT WOS:000182293200185 ER PT S AU Demos, SG Staggs, M Gandour-Edwards, R Ramsamooj, R White, RD AF Demos, SG Staggs, M Gandour-Edwards, R Ramsamooj, R White, RD BE Alfano, RR TI Tissue imaging for cancer detection using NIR autofluorescence SO OPTICAL BIOPSY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Biopsy IV CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE tissue imaging; backscattering; polarization; tissue autofluorescence AB Near infrared imaging using elastic light scattering and tissue fluorescence under long-wavelength laser excitation are explored for cancer detection. Various types of normal and malignant human tissue samples were utilized in this investigation. A set of images of each tissue sample is recorded. These images are then compared with the histopathology of the tissue sample to reveal the optical fingerprint characteristics suitable for cancer detection. The experimental results indicate that the above approaches can help image and differentiate cancer from normal tissue. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Demos, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-411, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4352-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4613 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.465260 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU69V UT WOS:000176733000006 ER PT S AU Wilcoxon, JP Newcomer, P AF Wilcoxon, JP Newcomer, P BE Gaburro, Z TI Optical properties of II-VI semiconductor nanoclusters for use as phosphors SO OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Properties of Nanocrystals CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture ID CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GROWTH; GOLD; MICELLES; CDSE AB The optical properties of both II-VI (direct gap) and type IV (indirect gap) nanosize semiconductors are significantly affected not only by their size, but by the nature of the chemical interface of the cluster with the embedding medium. This affects the light conversion efficiency and can alter the shape and position (i.e. the color) of the photoluminescence (PL). As the goal of our work is to embed nanoclusters into either organic or inorganic matrices for use as near UV, LED-excited phosphor thin films, understanding and controlling this interface is very important for preserving the high Q.E. of nanoclusters known for dilute solution conditions. We describe a room temperature synthesis of semiconductor nanoclusters which employs inexpensive, less toxic ionic precursors (metal salts), and simple coordinating solvents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran). This allows us to add passivating agents, ions, metal or semiconductor coatings to identical, highly dispersed bare clusters, post-synthesis. We can also increase the cluster size by heterogeneous growth on the "seed" nanoclusters. One of the most interesting observations for our II-VI nanomaterials is that both the absorbance excitonic features and the photoluminescence (PL) energy and intensity depend on the nature of the surface as well as the average size. In CdS, for example, the presence of electron traps (i.e Cd(II) sites) decreases the exciton absorbance peak amplitude but increases the PL nearly two-fold. Hole traps (i.e. S(II)) have the opposite effect. In the coordinating solvents used for the synthesis, the PL yield for dsimilar to2 nm, blue emitting CdSe clusters increases dramatically with sample age as the multiple absorbance features sharpen. Liquid chromatographic (LC) separation of the nanoclusters from other chemicals and different sized clusters is used to investigate the intrinsic optical properties of the purified clusters and identify which clusters are contributing most strongly to the PL. Both LC and dynamic fight scattering, show that as the nanocluster concentration approaches 1 x 10(4)M and above, a large loss in light emission occurs due to association or "clumping" of the clusters. Overcoming this natural tendency toward aggregation may be the most significant technical obstacle to the use of nanoclusters in thin film phosphors. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Adv Mat Chem Dept 1122, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilcoxon, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Adv Mat Chem Dept 1122, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4576-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4808 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.451976 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV72Z UT WOS:000179913200011 ER PT S AU Kneipp, K Kneipp, H Itzkan, I Dasari, RR Feld, MS Dresselhaus, MS AF Kneipp, K Kneipp, H Itzkan, I Dasari, RR Feld, MS Dresselhaus, MS BE Shalaev, VM TI Nonlinear Raman probe of single molecules attached to colloidal silver and gold clusters SO OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED RANDOM MEDIA SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review ID SAPPHIRE LASER EXCITATION; MODE-LOCKED TI; SCATTERING SERS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; CARBON NANOTUBES; RHODAMINE 6G; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODE; PYRIDINE AB We review surface-enhanced linear and nonlinear Raman scattering experiments on molecules and single wall carbon nanotubes attached to colloidal silver and gold clusters. Surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering and surface-enhanced anti-Stokes Raman scattering from pumped vibrational levels are studied as two-photon excited Raman processes where the scattering signal depends quadratically on the excitation laser intensity. The experimental results are discussed in the framework of strongly enhanced electromagnetic fields predicted for such cluster structures in so-called ''hot spots.'' The electromagnetic enhancement factors for Stokes. pumped anti-Stokes, and hyper-Raman scattering scale as theoretically predicted, and the field strengths in the hot spots, it is inferred, are enhanced of the order of 10(3). From our experiments we claim a very small density of hot spots (0.01 % of the cluster surface ) and lateral confinement of the strong field enhancement within domains that can be as small as 10 nm. Effective cross sections of the order of 10(-16) cm(2) and 10(-42) cm(4) S for Stokes and pumped anti-Stokes scattering. respectively, are adequate for one- and two-photon Raman spectroscopy of single molecules. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. US DOE, Off Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Kneipp, K (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM kneipp@usa.net RI Kneipp, Katrin/B-1024-2011 NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 3-540-42031-2 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2002 VL 82 BP 227 EP 247 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BT98C UT WOS:000174624800011 ER PT S AU Chow, R Bickel, R Ertel, J Pryatel, J Loomis, GE Stowers, IF Taylor, JR AF Chow, R Bickel, R Ertel, J Pryatel, J Loomis, GE Stowers, IF Taylor, JR BE Chen, PTC Uy, OM TI Cleanliness validation of NIF small optics SO OPTICAL SYSTEM CONTAMINATION: EFFECTS, MEASUREMENTS, AND CONTROL VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical System Contamination - Effects, Measurements, and Control VII CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ Coll Sci, Washington State Univ Coll Engn, Washington State Univ Coll Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol DE optics cleanliness; non-volatile residues; particulates AB The National Ignition Facility will be the highest energy laser in the world when completed. Many small optics (5 14" in diameter) have stringent transport efficiency and some have very high laser fluence requirements. For optics to sustain high spectral efficiencies and survive high fluences; for a 30-year operation, these optics have cleanliness requirements to assure optimal laser system performance. These optical components have insufficient surface areas to validate the particulate and organic contamination requirements by methods used for mechanical parts. Also, the common validation techniques require some sort of surface contact which is not compatible with handling of laser optics. This presentation describes alternate cleanliness validation methods developed for the NIF small optical components. An organic validation procedure was devised based on the spectral transmission sensitivity to contamination layers on coated and uncoated fused silica windows. Optics were scanned in the near infrared before and after an application of a specific amount of organic contamination onto the surface. Changes in transmission correlated to organic contamination levels and used to determine non-volatile organic contamination optics. A validation method for particulate contamination was demonstrated on a large window, showing that acceptable cleanliness levels could be achieved after a wet-wipe and inspection with a high intensity light. The method is similar to that used to inspect the surface quality of optical components. C1 Natl Ignit Facil, LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Chow, R (reprint author), Natl Ignit Facil, LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4541-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4774 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.481661 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV35G UT WOS:000178662100003 ER PT J AU Tkachuk, AM Ivanova, SE Isaenko, LI Yelisseyev, AP Payne, S Solarz, R Page, R Nostrand, M AF Tkachuk, AM Ivanova, SE Isaenko, LI Yelisseyev, AP Payne, S Solarz, R Page, R Nostrand, M TI Spectroscopic study of neodymium-doped potassium-lead double chloride Nd3+: KPb2Cl5 crystals SO OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID TELECOMMUNICATION AMPLIFIERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LASERS; MEDIA AB Optical spectra, radiative and nonradiative transition intensities, and luminescence kinetics of neodymium-doped potassium-lead double chloride crystals Nd3+:KPb2Cl5, (Nd3+:KPC) are investigated. Crystals were grown by the Stockbarger-Bridgman technique. Experimental studies of absorption and luminescence spectra are performed, intensity parameters are obtained by the Judd-Ofelt method, radiative transition probabilities and branching ratios are calculated, and nonradiative transition probabilities are estimated. Luminescence kinetics of K-2(13/2), P-2(3/2), and D-4(3/2) radiative levels of neodymium under selective excitation in the 355-nm region are studied. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, All Russia Res Ctr, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Technol Inst Single Crystals, Novosibirsk 630058, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tkachuk, AM (reprint author), SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, All Russia Res Ctr, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RI Isaenko, Ludmila/H-7620-2013; Yelisseyev, Alexander/A-3846-2014; Isaenko, Ludmila/A-5272-2014 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0030-400X J9 OPT SPECTROSC+ JI Opt. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1134/1.1446585 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 524VJ UT WOS:000174033300014 ER PT J AU Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV AF Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV TI Demonstration of improved beam quality in an image-rotating optical parametric oscillator SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We performed laboratory and numerical modeling studies of an optical parametric oscillator with 90 degrees intracavity image rotation. We found that the signal beam was more symmetric than that from comparable cavities without image rotation, and it had low values of the beam quality factor, M-2. Oscillator performance agreed well with our numerical model. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Armstrong, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Dept 1118, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000040 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 504ZP UT WOS:000172886500014 PM 18007709 ER PT S AU Shu, DM Han, YF Toellner, TS Alp, EE AF Shu, DM Han, YF Toellner, TS Alp, EE BE Hatheway, AE TI A linear actuator system with 1-angstrom closed-loop control resolution and 50-milimeter travel range SO OPTOMECHANICAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Design and Engineering CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Res Associates, SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ Coll Sci, Washington State Univ Coll Engn, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ Coll Architecture DE linear encoder; angular encoder; laser encoder; high resolution; actuator ID MECHANISM; DESIGN AB We have designed and tested a novel linear actuator system with 1-angstrom closed-loop control resolution and 50-mm. travel range. There are two major ultraprecision motion control techniques that have been applied to this actuator: A novel laser Doppler encoder system with multiple-reflection optics. A specially designed high-stiffness weak-link mechanism with stacked thin metal sheets having sub-angstrom driving sensitivity with excellent stability. In this paper, we present the system design and test results of this linear actuator. Applications of this new actuator system are also discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shu, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Av, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4538-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4771 BP 78 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.482148 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV35F UT WOS:000178662000009 ER PT S AU Preissner, C Lee, SH Royston, TJ Shu, DM AF Preissner, C Lee, SH Royston, TJ Shu, DM BE Hatheway, AE TI Optimal dynamic performance for high-precision actuators/stages SO OPTOMECHANICAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Design and Engineering CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Res Associates, SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ Coll Sci, Washington State Univ Coll Engn, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ Coll Architecture DE vibration; modal analysis; high precision; multibody; optimization ID VIBRATORY RESPONSE; POSITIONING SYSTEM; VERIFICATION AB System dynamic performance of actuator/stage groups, such as those found in optical instrument positioning systems and other high-precision applications, is dependent upon both individual component behavior and the system configuration. Experimental modal analysis techniques were implemented to determine the six degree of freedom stiffnesses and damping for individual actuator components. These experimental data were then used in a multibody dynamic computer model to investigate the effect of stage group configuration. Running the computer model through the possible stage configurations and observing the predicted vibratory response determined the optimal stage group configuration. Configuration optimization can be performed for any group of stages, provided there is stiffness and damping data available for the constituent pieces. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Preissner, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4538-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4771 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.482149 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV35F UT WOS:000178662000010 ER PT S AU Lee, SH Preissner, C Lai, B Cai, ZH Shu, DM AF Lee, SH Preissner, C Lai, B Cai, ZH Shu, DM BE Hatheway, AE TI Enhancement of the vibration stability of a microdiffraction goniometer SO OPTOMECHANICAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Design and Engineering CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Opt Res Associates, SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ Coll Sci, Washington State Univ Coll Engn, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ Coll Architecture DE vibration; damping device; gonoimeter; viscoelastic materials; finite element analysis AB High-precision instrumentation, such as that for x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and other optical micropositioning systems, requires the stability that comes from vibration-isolated support structures. Structure-born vibrations impede the acquisition of accurate experimental data through such high-precision instruments. At the Advanced Photon Source, a multiaxis goniometer is installed in the 2-ID-D station for synchrotron microdiffraction investigations. However, ground vibration can excite the kinematic movements of the goniometer linkages, resulting in critically contaminated experimental data. In this paper, the vibration behavior of the goniometer has been considered. Experimental vibration measurements were conducted to define the present vibration levels and determine the threshold sensitivity of the equipment. In addition, experimental modal tests were conducted and used to guide an analytical finite element analysis. Both results were used for finding the best way to reduce the vibration levels and to develop a vibration damping/isolation structure for the 2-ID-D goniometer. The device that was designed and tested could be used to reduce local vibration levels for the vibration isolation of similar high-precision instruments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4538-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4771 BP 100 EP 110 DI 10.1117/12.482150 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV35F UT WOS:000178662000011 ER EF