FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Perkins, JD del Cueto, JA Alleman, JL Warmsingh, C Keyes, BM Gedvilas, LM Parilla, PA Li, X To, B Readey, DW Van Hese, M Ginley, DS AF Perkins, JD del Cueto, JA Alleman, JL Warmsingh, C Keyes, BM Gedvilas, LM Parilla, PA Li, X To, B Readey, DW Van Hese, M Ginley, DS GP IEEE IEEE TI Discovery and optimization of In-Zn-Sn-O based transparent conductors by combinatorial and pulsed laser deposition approaches SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID STANNATE THIN-FILMS; OXIDES; CONDUCTIVITY; ZN2SNO4 AB There is an expanding interest in the development of new transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) for a host of applications including photovoltaics, flat panel displays, and low-e and electrochromic windows. In this paper, we discuss the application of compositional spread combinatorial techniques for the initial characterization of the ZnO-SnO2 TCO tie line. Local maxima in the composition dependence of the conductivity were found for Zn/Sn approximate to 2:1 (Zn2SnO4) and Zn/Sn approximate to 1:1 (ZnSnO3). Interesting compositions were further explored by pulsed laser deposition. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1126 EP 1129 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190804 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600278 ER PT B AU Levi, DH Nelson, BP Perkins, JD Moutinho, HR AF Levi, DH Nelson, BP Perkins, JD Moutinho, HR GP IEEE IEEE TI In-situ characterization of the amorphous to microscrystalline transition in hot wire CVD growth of Si : H using real time spectroscopic ellipsometry SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID FILM AB We have used in-situ real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) to characterize the morphology and crystallinity of hot-wire CVD (HWCVD) Si:H films as a function of hydrogen dilution R=[H]/[H+SiH4], substrate temperature T-s, and film thickness d(b). Transitions from one mode of film growth to another are correlated with changes in the magnitude of the surface roughness during growth. The degree of crystallinity of the film can be determined from the form of the dielectric function. We have studied the growth parameter space for R from 0 to 14, T-s of 250degreesC and 500degreesC, and db from 0 to 1 um. We have mapped out the crystallinity vs. R, T-s, and d(b) based on our analysis of the RTSE data. These results have been corroborated using Raman scattering and atomic force microscopy to characterize the crystallinity and surface morphology of the films. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, DH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1146 EP 1149 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190809 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600283 ER PT B AU Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E Yang, J Lord, K Guha, S Wang, KD Han, DX AF Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E Yang, J Lord, K Guha, S Wang, KD Han, DX GP IEEE IEEE TI Wide-gap thin film Si n-i-p solar cells deposited by hot-wire CVD SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; EFFICIENCIES AB High-voltage wide bandgap thin-film Si n-i-p solar cells have been made using the hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) technique. The best open-circuit voltage. (V-OC) has exceeded 0.94 V in solar cells using HWCVD in the entire n-i-p structure. A V-OC of 0.97V has been achieved using HWCVD in the n and i layers and plasma-enhanced (PE) CVD for the p layer. The high voltages are attributed to the wide-gap i layer and an improved p/i interface. the wide-gap i layer is obtained by using low substrate temperatures and sufficient hydrogen dilution during the growth of the i layer to arrive at the amorphous-to-microcrystalline phase transition region. The optical band gap (E-04) of the i layer is found to be 1.90 eV. These high-voltage cells also exhibit good fill factors exceeding 0.7 with short-circuit-current densities of 8 to 10 mA/cm(2) on bare stainless steel substrates. We have also carried out photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy studies and found a correlation between V-OC and the PL peak energy position. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1222 EP 1225 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190828 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600302 ER PT B AU Moutinho, HR Romero, MJ Jiang, CS Xu, Y Nelson, BP Jones, KM Mahan, AH Al-Jassim, MM AF Moutinho, HR Romero, MJ Jiang, CS Xu, Y Nelson, BP Jones, KM Mahan, AH Al-Jassim, MM GP IEEE IEEE TI Physical properties of HWCVD microcrystalline silicon thin films SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SOLAR-CELLS AB Microcrystalline silicon films were grown with different thicknesses and different hydrogen dilution ratios on glass and Si substrates. Some films were deposited with a seed layer, whereas others were deposited directly on the substrate. We used atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction to study the morphology and crystalline structure of the samples. We did not find a significant influence of the different substrates on the morphology or crystalline structure. The presence of the seed layer enhanced the crystallization process, decreasing the amount of amorphous layer present in the films. The microstructure of most films was formed by grains, with a subgrain structure. Films grown with low values of dilution ratio had (220) texture and elongated grains, whereas films deposited with high values of dilution ratio were randomly oriented and had an irregular shape. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, HR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1250 EP 1253 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190835 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600309 ER PT B AU Rivkin, T Curtis, C Miedaner, A Perkins, J Alleman, J Ginley, D AF Rivkin, T Curtis, C Miedaner, A Perkins, J Alleman, J Ginley, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Direct write processing for photovoltaic cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Direct writing of solar cell components is an attractive processing approach. We have fabricated a 6.8% Si solar cell using silver ink based electrodes. Ohmic contact through the antireflection (AR) coating was obtained with pure Ag electrodes at 850 degreesC. We also report on highly conductive silver metallizations and initial results on direct-write TCO demonstrating a 100-micron spatial resolution produced by inkjet printing. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rivkin, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1326 EP 1329 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190854 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600328 ER PT B AU Matson, R McConnell, R AF Matson, R McConnell, R GP IEEE IEEE TI DOE/NREL fundamental and exploratory research into solar cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PHOTOVOLTAICS; SILICON; PHASE; POLYCRYSTALLINE; ENERGY AB The U.S. Department of Energy / National Renewable Energy Laboratory supports fundamental and exploratory research into solar cells. The purpose of the following set of research projects is twofold: (1) to provide fundamental experimental and theoretical foundations to existing photovoltaic (PV)/solar cell technologies, and (2) to explore whole new possibilities in PV/solar cell technologies, however revolutionary or nonconventional they might be. As surely as a number of revolutionary new solar cell technologies will most likely involve high-risk, long-term R&D to bring them to fruition, and may also well be needed as a complement to a future energy portfolio, so we also need timely results. As such, one of the primary driving motives for this effort is the possibility of developing one or more "leapfrog" technologies. These are technologies that have the distinct possibility of "leaping ahead" of existing technologies rather than taking the more characteristic development time of 10 to 20 years. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Matson, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1343 EP 1347 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190858 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600332 ER PT B AU Bonn, RH AF Bonn, RH GP IEEE IEEE TI Developing a "next generation" PV inverter SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The most serious reliability issue for photovoltaics (PV) is the inverter. Mean time to first failure (MTFF) is estimated to be about five years. Recent efforts to rapidly expand the production of grid-tied inverters have not resulted in improved reliability. At this time the inverter industry is uniquely positioned to develop a 'next generation' inverter that has ten-year MTFF, better performance and lower cost. The recent advents of new technologies such as DSP (digital signal processing), the growth in. sales to a few hundred thousand inverters per year and the emergence of larger companies with interest in PV inverters make this possible today. At this time the Department of Energy is considering the development of a new inverter for use in distributed energy applications [1]. This report summarizes the status of power electronics. today, identifies technology issues, and identifies inverter manufacturer attributes thought to be essential for the production of a ten-year lifetime inverter. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bonn, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1352 EP 1355 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190860 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600334 ER PT B AU King, DL Boyson, WE Kratochvil, JA AF King, DL Boyson, WE Kratochvil, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Analysis of factors influencing the annual energy production of photovoltaic systems SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The most relevant basis for designing photovoltaic systems is their annual energy production, which is also the best metric for monitoring their long-term performance. An accurate array performance model based on established testing procedures is required to confidently predict energy available from the array. This model, coupled with the performance characteristics of other balance-of-system components, provides the tool necessary to calculate expected system performance and to compare actual versus expected energy production. Using such a tool, this paper quantifies the affect of the primary factors influencing the dc-energy available from different photovoltaic module technologies, and contrasts these influences with other system-level factors that often result in significantly less ac-energy delivered to the load than the array is capable of providing. Annual as well as seasonal energy production is discussed in the context of both grid-tied and stand-alone photovoltaic systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlking@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1356 EP 1361 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190861 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600335 ER PT B AU Osterwald, CR Anderberg, A Rummel, S Ottoson, L AF Osterwald, CR Anderberg, A Rummel, S Ottoson, L GP IEEE IEEE TI Degradation analysis of weathered crystalline-silicon PV modules SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS AB We present an analysis of the results of a solar weathering program that found a linear relationship between maximum power degradation and the total UV exposure dose for four different types of commercial crystalline Si modules. The average degradation rate for the four modules types was 0.71% per year. The analysis showed that losses of short-circuit current were responsible for the maximum power degradation. Judging by the appearance of the undegraded control modules, it is very doubtful that the short-circuit current losses were caused by encapsulation browning or obscuration. When we compared the quantum efficiency of a single cell in a degraded module to one from an unexposed control module, it appears that most of the degradation has occurred in the 800 - 1100 nm wavelength region, and not the short wavelength region. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Osterwald, CR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1392 EP 1395 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190869 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600344 ER PT B AU Bower, W Whitaker, C AF Bower, W Whitaker, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Certification of photovoltaic inverters: The initial step toward PV system certification SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB There is no complete photovoltaic product (component or system) certification program in effect today in the United States. Photovoltaic (PV) modules and inverters are listed for, safety (using standards UL1703 and UL1741, respectively), and certification for environmental qualification of PV modules is conducted [1,2]. However these do not provide critical performance information such as PV module energy rating, inverter performance characteristics, or system performance. Domestic and international standards organizations have begun writing requirements for photovoltaic system certification that are aimed primarily at small stand-alone applications. The module and balance-of-system industries often provide inconsistent or insufficient specifications and data to designers and customers to allow adequate comparison or a true prediction of performance for installed systems. This paper describes an. industry consensus process to establish necessary testing, protocols for certification of inverters. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, PV Syst R&D, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bower, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, PV Syst R&D, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1406 EP 1409 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190872 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600347 ER PT B AU Hund, TD Gates, S AF Hund, TD Gates, S GP IEEE IEEE TI PV hybrid system and battery test results from Grasmere Idaho SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB In large PV hybrid power systems. battery management is critical due to the continuous operation of the power system, the limited power available for temperature control in the battery room, and the high cost, of maintenance. A new C&D CPV deep-cycle low antimony vented battery has been tested in the laboratory and at the Grasmere Idaho PV hybrid power system to evaluate battery capacity, charge requirements, temperature, and cost. Laboratory cycle tests on the battery were used to evaluate appropriate charge control for PV hybrid applications and battery field performance was verified after 2.5-years of. operation at Grasmere Idaho. Test results demonstrated that with proper system and battery, design using appropriate charge control, the battery will operate reliably with minimal maintenance under the continuous operational requirements of a large PV hybrid power system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tdhund@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1424 EP 1427 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190876 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600351 ER PT B AU King, DL Hund, TD Boyson, WE Kratochvil, JA AF King, DL Hund, TD Boyson, WE Kratochvil, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Experimental optimization of the performance and reliability of stand-alone photovoltaic systems SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Stand-alone photovoltaic systems are deceptively complex. Optimizing the performance and reliability of these systems requires a complete understanding of their behavior as a function of site-dependent environmental conditions. Individual component specifications provide useful design information. However, to fully understand the interactions between components, it is necessary to simultaneously characterize the performance of the system and its separate components under actual operating conditions. T his paper describes how a new 30-day outdoor testing procedure was coupled with array performance modeling to accomplish this objective. The procedure measures battery capacity, determines appropriate set-points for charging, and based on daily intervals quantifies dc-energy available from the array, charge-controller efficiency,. battery efficiency, Inverter efficiency, overall system efficiency, days of autonomy, and,ac-energy available by month. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP King, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1428 EP 1431 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190877 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600352 ER PT B AU Mitchell, RL Witt, CE King, R Ruby, D AF Mitchell, RL Witt, CE King, R Ruby, D GP IEEE IEEE TI PVMaT advances in the photovoltaic industry and the focus of future PV manufacturing R&D SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The DOE Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) Project has conducted cost-shared manufacturing R&D with the photovoltaic industry for over 10 years. During, this time, research has focused on the project's stated objectives of improving photovoltaic manufacturing processes and products, lowering manufacturing costs, and providing a foundation for the scale-up of U.S. photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing. Progress made by each of the U.S. PV industry participants in this project has resulted in a significant reduction in the industry's direct PV module-manufacturing costs and an impressive scale-up in U.S. PV manufacturing capacity. The majority of the efforts have been module related. Results in terms of automation, yield, and throughput have provided a significant reduction in direct manufacturing costs. Cost reductions and capacity increases resulting from these efforts are discussed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mitchell, RL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1444 EP 1447 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190881 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600356 ER PT B AU Thomas, HP Basso, TS Kroposki, B AF Thomas, HP Basso, TS Kroposki, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Status of the IEEE P1547 draft interconnection standard and distributed energy resources R & D SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The Department of Energy (DOE) Distributed Power Program (DPP) is conducting work to complete, validate in the field, and support the development of a national interconnection standard for distributed energy resources (DER), and to address the institutional and regulatory barriers affecting the commercial adoption of DER systems. This work includes support for the IEEE interconnection standard development process, including P1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, P1589 Standard for Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, and the P1608 Application Guide. Work is also in progress on system integration research and development (R&D) on the interface and integration of control of DER with local energy systems. Additional efforts are supporting DER's role in providing high-reliability power for industry, evaluating innovative concepts for DER applications, and exploring effective interface. and control technologies. for - intelligent autonomous interconnection systems. This paper summarizes (1) the current status of the IEEE interconnection standards and application guides in support of DER and (2) the R&D in progress at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for interconnection and system integration. and application of distributed energy resources. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Thomas, HP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1448 EP 1451 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190882 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600357 ER PT B AU Hanley, C Ross, M Foster, R Estrada, L Cisneros, G Rovero, C Ojinaga, L Verani, A AF Hanley, C Ross, M Foster, R Estrada, L Cisneros, G Rovero, C Ojinaga, L Verani, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Using renewable energy for rural connectivity and distance education in Latin America SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Throughout Latin America, rural connectivity is a topic of increasing interest. Country governments, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector are all teaming to bring a variety of innovative programs to rural areas that provide services such as telephony, distance education, and access to the internet. Photovoltaic (PV) technologies are helping to bring these services to the more isolated communities located beyond the electric grid. Sandia National Laboratories and its partners are facilitating the increased use of PV for these new and growing applications through capacity building and technology development, with emphasis on Mexico and Central America. The work described herein is sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hanley, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1481 EP 1484 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190890 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600365 ER PT B AU del Cueto, JA AF del Cueto, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Comparison of energy production and performance from flat-plate photovoltaic module technologies deployed at fixed tilt SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Performance data for 14 photovoltaic modules deployed at fixed latitude tilt in the field are presented and compared. Module performance is monitored continuously for optimum power characteristics. Flat-plate module technologies representative of crystalline, amorphous, and polycrystalline silicon, and cadmium telluride and copper indium diselenide, are scrutinized for energy production, effective efficiency and performance ratio (PR)-ratio of effective to reference efficiency. Most performance ratios exhibit seasonal fluctuations largely correlated to air or,module temperatures, varying between 80% and 100%. These ratios tend toward larger values during winter and vise versa, except for amorphous silicon and cadmium telluride modules. In a-Si modules, the situation appears reversed: better PRs are obtained during late summer. The effective efficiency, PR, and average daily and yearly energy production are analyzed and quantified. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP del Cueto, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1523 EP 1526 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190901 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600376 ER PT B AU Barber, GD Jorgensen, GJ Terwilliger, K Glick, SH Pern, J McMahon, TJ AF Barber, GD Jorgensen, GJ Terwilliger, K Glick, SH Pern, J McMahon, TJ GP IEEE IEEE TI New barrier coating materials for PV module backsheets SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB High moisture barrier high resistivity coatings on polyethylene terepthalate (PET) have been fabricated and characterized for use in PV module back sheet applications. These thin film barriers exhibit water vapor transmission rates (WVTR)r as low as 0.1 g/m(2)-day at 37.8 degreesC and have shown excellent adhesion (> 10 N/mm) to both ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and PET even after filtered xenon arc lamp UV exposure. The WVTR and adhesion values for this construction are compared to and shown to be superior to candidate polymeric backsheet materials. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Barber, GD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1541 EP 1544 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190906 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600381 ER PT B AU Myers, DR Emery, K Gueymard, C AF Myers, DR Emery, K Gueymard, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Terrestrial solar spectral modeling tools and applications for photovoltaic devices SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc ID EARTHS SURFACE; IRRADIANCE AB Variations in terrestrial spectral irradiance on photovoltaic devices can be an important consideration in photovoltaic device design and performance.. This paper describes three available atmospheric transmission models, MODTRAN, SMARTS2, and SPCTRAL2. We describe the basics of their operation and performance, and applications in the photovoltaic community. Examples of model input and output data and comparisons between the model results for each under similar conditions are presented. The SMARTS2 model is shown to be much easier to use, as accurate as the complex MODTRAN model, and more accurate than the historical NREL SPCTRAL2 model. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1683 EP 1686 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190943 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600417 ER PT B AU Emery, K DelCueto, J Zaaiman, W AF Emery, K DelCueto, J Zaaiman, W GP IEEE IEEE TI Spectral corrections based on optical air mass SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The measurement of the photovoltaic (PV) performance with respect to reference conditions requires measuring the performance with respect to a reference spectrum. Procedures were developed in the mid 1980s to correct measurements for errors relating to the spectral irradiance of the light source being different from the standard and the responsivity of the irradiance detector being different from the device under test. In principle, these procedures are exact, but require the measurement of the spectral irradiance of the light source and responsivity of the test device. This is problematic for most facilities that measure module performance. It has been suggested that a polynomial fit of the short-circuit current (I-sc) measured under natural sunlight divided by the total broadband irradiance as a function of air mass provides an accurate spectral correction factor. The. polynomial correction factor is, normalized to unity at an absolute air mass of 1.5. The polynomial correction factor is compared with the spectral correction factor for a variety of devices at two locations. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Emery, K (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1725 EP 1728 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190954 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600428 ER PT B AU Symko-Davies, M Noufi, R Kurtz, S AF Symko-Davies, M Noufi, R Kurtz, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Identifying critical pathways to high performance PV SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB The High-Performance Photovoltaic (HiPerf PV)Project was initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy to substantially increase the viability of photovoltaics (PV) for cost-competitive applications so that PV can contribute significantly to our energy supply and our environment in the 21st century. To accomplish this, the NCPV directs in-house and subcontracted research in high-performance polycrystalline thin-film and multijunction concentrator devices. Details of the subcontractor and in-house progress will be described toward identifying critical pathways of 25% polycrystalline thin-film tandem cells - and developing multijunction concentrator modules to 33%. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Symko-Davies, M (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1729 EP 1732 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190955 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600429 ER PT B AU McConnell, R AF McConnell, R GP IEEE IEEE TI First International Conference on Solar Electric Concentrators SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-NINTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY MAY 19-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB More than 100 attendees from 11 countries attended this auxiliary session to the 29(th) IEEE PV Specialists Conference, listed in the program as the "Solar Electric Concentrator Meeting." Oral and poster presentations described recent concentrator projects from around the world, lessons learned from earlier projects, and pathways for PV concentrator systems entering markets for large-scale electricity generation. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McConnell, R (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7471-1 PY 2002 BP 1737 EP 1741 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190957 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW41E UT WOS:000181924600431 ER PT J AU Rensink, ME Lasnier, CJ Petrie, TW Porter, GD Rognlien, TD AF Rensink, ME Lasnier, CJ Petrie, TW Porter, GD Rognlien, TD TI Simulation of edge plasmas in DIII-D double-null configurations SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 10-12, 2001 CL ESPOO, FINLAND ID DIVERTOR AB We present fluid model simulation results for the edge plasma in the DIII-D tokamak with unbalanced double-mill magnetic configurations, including cross field drifts. Input parameters are typical of low-power operation in DIII-D. For high-recycling the plasma tends to be detached from all divertor plates. Midplane plasma and electric field profiles are relatively insensitive to the magnetic imbalance. Divertor heat flux profiles exhibit sharp peaks due to cross-field drifts when the ion grad-B drift direction is away from the x-point toward the magnetic axis. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. RP Rensink, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-4 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200204)42:2/4<181::AID-CTPP181>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 540TF UT WOS:000174944500007 ER PT J AU Rognlien, TD Rensink, ME AF Rognlien, TD Rensink, ME TI Edge-plasma properties in liquid-wall environments SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 10-12, 2001 CL ESPOO, FINLAND ID FUSION AB Flowing liquid walls have been proposed as the first wall and/or divertor plates for magnetic fusion energy devices because they may solve a number of technological problems for fusion power plants. A key question for their successful use is the edge-plasma shielding of wall-vapor impurities from the core plasma. A self-consistent analysis of the combined hydrogen/impurity edge plasmas for distributed wall impurity sources is performed using the two-dimension fluid transport code UEDGE for tokamak parameters. Three regimes of edge-plasma response are identified. Comparisons are made between previous results for lithium (from Li or SnLi walls) and fluorine (from the molten salt Flibe walls), and new results for Sn (from Sn walls). Owing to its lower vapor pressure, Su is found to have the lowest impact on the edge and core plasma. For the Sn wall, the effects of toroidal versus slab geometries are studied, as well as the influence of spatial variations in evaporation fluxes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM trognlien@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 EI 1521-3986 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-4 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200204)42:2/4<193::AID-CTPP193>3.0.CO;2-P PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 540TF UT WOS:000174944500009 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH Fielding, S Helander, P Ryutov, DD AF Cohen, RH Fielding, S Helander, P Ryutov, DD TI Theory issues for induced plasma convection experiments in the divertor of the MAST spherical tokamak SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 10-12, 2001 CL ESPOO, FINLAND ID MAGNETIC-FIELD AB This paper surveys theory issues associated with inducing convective cells through divertor tile biasing in a tokamak to broaden the scrape-off layer (SOL). The theory is applied to the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST), where such experiments are planned. Criteria are presented for achieving strong broadening and for exciting shear-flow turbulence in the SOL; these are shown to be attainable in practice. It is also shown that the magnetic shear present in the vicinity of the X-point is likely to confine the potential perturbations to the divertor region below the X-point, with little impact on the main SOL. The current created by the biasing and the associated heating power are found to be modest. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxfordshire, England. RP Cohen, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-4 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200204)42:2/4<296::AID-CTPP296>3.3.CO;2-0 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 540TF UT WOS:000174944500025 ER PT J AU Groth, M Mahdavi, AM Porter, GD Rognlien, TD AF Groth, M Mahdavi, AM Porter, GD Rognlien, TD TI Study of plasma detachment in a simplified 2D geometry using UEDGE SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 10-12, 2001 CL ESPOO, FINLAND AB A generic plasma in a two-dimensional slab geometry has been used to study the location of the ionisation front in dependence of the core plasma density and input heating power. The ratio of the recombination to ionisation current and the volumetric momentum losses in the computational domain have been used to quantify the degree of detachment. Contours of constant ratio of these parameters in the core plasma density - heating power parameter space indicate that high volumetric momentum losses can be achieved at high heating power and even low core plasma density. High fractions of recombination to ionisation, however, at high heating power also require high core densities to sufficiently separate the plasma from the target plate. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM groth@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 EI 1521-3986 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-4 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200204)42:2/4<389::AID-CTPP389>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 540TF UT WOS:000174944500038 ER PT J AU Adams, ML Scott, HA AF Adams, ML Scott, HA TI Inclusion of radiation effects in plasma-neutral codes SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 10-12, 2001 CL ESPOO, FINLAND ID DIVERTOR AB Experiments on Aleator C-Mod have demonstrated edge plasma conditions with optically thick hydrogenic Lyman lines [1, 2]. In these high opacity plasma regions, the total neutral particle density and excited-state populations depend on the radiation field. Current edge plasma-neutral fluid codes ignore this dependence in their atomic physics models. For instance, collisional-radiative models are commonly used to define effective ionization, recombination and energy loss rates exclusively as functions of the local electron density and electron temperature [3]. To include radiation effects in plasma-neutral codes, we are working towards two goals: (1) extending the local atomic physics model to account for a spatially varying radiation field; and (2) driving the extended model with results from a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium atomic kinetics and radiation transfer code. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Adams, ML (reprint author), MIT, NW16-230,167 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-4 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200204)42:2/4<395::AID-CTPP395>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 540TF UT WOS:000174944500039 ER PT J AU Escarguel, A Guirlet, R Koubiti, M De Michelis, C Mattioli, M Hogan, J O'Mullane, M Azeroual, A Pegourie, B Capes, H Stamm, R AF Escarguel, A Guirlet, R Koubiti, M De Michelis, C Mattioli, M Hogan, J O'Mullane, M Azeroual, A Pegourie, B Capes, H Stamm, R CA Tore-Supra Team TI D alpha experimental study in Tore-Supra Ergodic Divertor plasmas: Molecular deuterium density measurements SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hydrogen in the Plasma Edge CY OCT 19-20, 2000 CL JULICH, GERMANY ID LINE-INTENSITIES; IONIZING PLASMA; TOKAMAK PLASMA; HYDROGEN; IONIZATION; EDGE AB The deuterium Dalpha line emitted in front of an equatorial neutraliser plate in Ergodic Divertor Tore Supra plasmas is a common diagnostic of recycling particles in present Tokamaks. First, the possible perturbation of the Dalpha spectral lineshape by the nearby HeII line Brbeta has been studied. Although its effect on the Dalpha line profile shape is evaluated to be non negligible in plasmas with large Helium contents, it is concluded that it should be of no influence in usual fusion plasmas. Second, a detailed study of the Dalpha spectral lineshape has been performed to obtain temperatures and densities of the different neutral deuterium species. A synthetic profile method taking into account Zeeman and Doppler effects has been used. This shows that two deuterium populations with specific behaviours have to be considered: the first one ('cold atoms') is composed of atomic deuterium coming from D-2 desorbed from the neutraliser plate, while the second one ('warm atoms') is composed of charge exchange (CX) and reflected deuterium. The Doppler temperature of cold atoms increases with the edge electron density, n(e)(edge) (1.4 eV < T-D(c) < 2.5 eV). The possible heating of cold atoms by D+ ions is evaluated to explain this effect. Molecular and atomic deuterium densities behaviour versus edge electron temperature T-e are analysed with the use of the warm and ;cold Dalpha brightnesses coupled to a collisional radiative deuterium model. The results are compared to the numerical code EDCOLL. An important molecular density (> 10(18) m(-3)) is found for the whole range of edge electron temperature (10 eV < T-e < 40 eV) while the ratio of the atomic to the molecular densities is around 1.8. The density of atoms coming from molecular dissociation is similar to 0.8 times the density of atoms created by charge exchange or reflection of deuterons on the neutraliser. C1 CEA Cadarache, Dept Rech Fus Controlee, Assoc EURATOM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Univ Aix Marseille 1, UMR 6633, CNRS, Ctr St Jerome, F-13397 Marseille, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Glasgow G4 ONG, Lanark, Scotland. RP Escarguel, A (reprint author), CEA Cadarache, Dept Rech Fus Controlee, Assoc EURATOM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM escar@drfc.cad.cea.gr RI Artaud, Jean-Francois/G-8480-2011; ANIEL, Thierry/G-8734-2011; Artaud, Jean-Francois/J-2068-2012 OI ANIEL, Thierry/0000-0002-2598-9551; NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 EI 1521-3986 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6-7 BP 622 EP 629 DI 10.1002/1521-3986(200211)42:6/7<622::AID-CTPP622>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 618NY UT WOS:000179425200010 ER PT S AU Krassig, B AF Krassig, B BE Madison, DH Schulz, M TI A complete experiment on photo-double ionization of helium SO CORRELATIONS, POLARIZATION, AND IONIZATION IN ATOMIC SYSTEMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on (e,2e), Double Photonization and Related Topics/11th International Symposium on Polarization and Correlation in Electr and Atom Collisions CY JUL 25-28, 2001 CL ROLLA, MO ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-ATOM IONIZATION; DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; THRESHOLD LAW; PARAMETRIZATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; HE AB A formalism is presented to experimentally determine the shapes, magnitudes, and relative complex phase of the correlation functions f(g) and f(u) which govern the photo-double ionization process in helium. The formalism is applied to a data set from a COLTRIMS measurement of helium double ionization at 99 eV photon energy. With the results of this procedure it is possible to predict all observables of helium photo-double ionization at this energy, with the exception of the direction of the circular dichroism and of the spins. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krassig, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0048-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 604 BP 12 EP 17 PG 2 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BU06X UT WOS:000174905500003 ER PT B AU Isaacs, HS AF Isaacs, HS BE Frankel, GS Isaacs, HS Scully, JR Sinclair, JD TI Aspects of corrosion from the Electrochemical Society publications SO CORROSION SCIENCE: A RETROSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS IN HONOR OF ROBERT P FRANKENTHAL SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion Science - A Retrospective and Current Status in Honor of Robert P Frankenthal CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-335-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 13 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW02F UT WOS:000180661700004 ER PT B AU Zavadil, KR Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG Barbour, JC AF Zavadil, KR Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG Barbour, JC BE Frankel, GS Isaacs, HS Scully, JR Sinclair, JD TI Point defect generation in tailored passive oxides on aluminum in the study of localized corrosion SO CORROSION SCIENCE: A RETROSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS IN HONOR OF ROBERT P FRANKENTHAL SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion Science - A Retrospective and Current Status in Honor of Robert P Frankenthal CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div ID MODEL AB The electrochemical impact of oxygen vacancy incorporation into a 45 A thick, plasma-formed oxide on aluminum using low energy electron irradiation has been studied. A low oxygen vacancy concentration stabilizes the oxide by increasing the mean pitting potential by +60 mV in de-aerated 50 mM NaCl, while higher levels of vacancies return the pitting potential to the value of the intrinsic oxide. Vacancy incorporation increases ion mobility in the film leading to an increased probability for localized oxide growth at low field. Spatially resolved SIMS and TEM are used to show that 2 to 3 nm diameter voids form in the oxide preferentially but not exclusively at the ends of grain boundaries with oxide growth. The relative insensitivity of the pitting potential and the large variation in ionic mobility to defect concentration suggest that oxygen vacancies are not a dominant determinant of the stability of the oxide toward localized corrosion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zavadil, KR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-335-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 13 BP 209 EP 217 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW02F UT WOS:000180661700019 ER PT B AU Missert, N Copeland, RG Wall, FD Johnson, CM Barbour, JC Kotula, P AF Missert, N Copeland, RG Wall, FD Johnson, CM Barbour, JC Kotula, P BE Frankel, GS Isaacs, HS Scully, JR Sinclair, JD TI Aluminum corrosion at systems of engineered copper particles SO CORROSION SCIENCE: A RETROSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS IN HONOR OF ROBERT P FRANKENTHAL SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion Science - A Retrospective and Current Status in Honor of Robert P Frankenthal CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LOCALIZED CORROSION; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PITTING CORROSION; PIT INITIATION; ALLOY 2024-T3; INCLUSIONS; MODEL; NACL AB Corrosion at engineered arrays of Cu particles on Al thin-film electrodes was studied by simultaneously measuring open circuit potential, current flow between particles, and local pH. During exposure to aerated 0.05 M NaCl and 0.1 mM fluorescein, the open circuit potential of the single electrode array drops before alkalinity is observed in the solution above the Cu particles. This sequence of events is consistent with galvanically induced breakdown. Measurement of anodic and cathodic currents, using five-element linear arrays of single Cu particles on electrically isolated Al electrodes, showed that pitting at particles can either occur independently or be coupled through cathodic currents to particles at other sites. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Missert, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-335-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 13 BP 307 EP 313 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW02F UT WOS:000180661700028 ER PT B AU Lillard, RS AF Lillard, RS BE Frankel, GS Isaacs, HS Scully, JR Sinclair, JD TI Relationships between pitting corrosion and crystallographic orientation, an historical perspective SO CORROSION SCIENCE: A RETROSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS IN HONOR OF ROBERT P FRANKENTHAL SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion Science - A Retrospective and Current Status in Honor of Robert P Frankenthal CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div ID ELECTRON-DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD; ALUMINUM; BERYLLIUM; DIFFRACTION; SURFACES AB Over the past half-century numerous authors have reported relationships between pitting Corrosion and crystallographic orientation of the metal substrate. These observations can generally be divided into two categories: 1) relationships between pitting susceptibility (nucleation) and crystallographic orientation and 2) relationships between pit morphology (propagation) and crystallographic orientation. This paper will review the published literature on the topic and present a novel model for crystallographic pitting which describes dissolution of the active interface in terms of bonding in the crystal. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-335-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 13 BP 334 EP 343 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW02F UT WOS:000180661700031 ER PT B AU Evans, KJ Rebak, RB AF Evans, KJ Rebak, RB BE Frankel, GS Isaacs, HS Scully, JR Sinclair, JD TI Passivity of alloy 22 in concentrated electrolytes effect of temperature and solution composition SO CORROSION SCIENCE: A RETROSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS IN HONOR OF ROBERT P FRANKENTHAL SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion Science - A Retrospective and Current Status in Honor of Robert P Frankenthal CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div ID COBALT-BASED ALLOYS; NICKEL AB Alloy 22 (UNS N60622) has been proposed for the corrosion resistant outer barrier of a two-layer waste package container at the potential repository site in Yucca Mountain. Alloy 22, a commercial alloy, is extensively used in aggressive industrial applications, especially due to its resistance to localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in high chloride environments. The purpose of this work was to characterize the corrosion behavior of Alloy 22 in concentrated environments that could be representative of evaporated underground water. The investigated environmental variables included immersion time, potential, temperature and anion concentration. Results show that Alloy 22 has a general corrosion rate less than 100 nm/year after immersion for one week in a multi-ionic solution (SAW) at 90degreesC. Using cyclic polarization curves, Alloy, 22 was found susceptible to localized corrosion in a 10 M chloride solution at 90degreesC but this susceptibility disappeared when nitrate was added to obtain a chloride over nitrate molar ratio of 10. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evans, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-335-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 13 BP 344 EP 354 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW02F UT WOS:000180661700032 ER PT B AU Kolman, DG AF Kolman, DG BE Frankel, GS Isaacs, HS Scully, JR Sinclair, JD TI The aqueous corrosion behavior of plutonium metal exposed to nitric acid solutions SO CORROSION SCIENCE: A RETROSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS IN HONOR OF ROBERT P FRANKENTHAL SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion Science - A Retrospective and Current Status in Honor of Robert P Frankenthal CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div ID NITRATE AB Although plutonium is of great technological importance, the electrochemical behavior of the metal exposed to aqueous solution has not been studied. Anecdotal evidence has suggested that plutonium can be passivated however there have no been no electrochemical studies to date. This work is the first to examine the polarization behavior of plutonium metal. Studies using 1 mM to 1 M nitric acid solutions show that plutonium is spontaneously passive. Polarization results contradict the predicted active behavior in equilibrium potential - pH diagrams. In contrast to prior plutonium solution chemistry work using inert electrodes, a significant overpotential is required to convert Pu+4 to Pu+6. Thus transpassivity occurs at very noble potentials and a broad passivity range is observed in acidic solutions. Pitting is observed upon polarization in I mM solutions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kolman, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Mail Stop E530, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-335-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 13 BP 527 EP 534 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW02F UT WOS:000180661700048 ER PT J AU Lin, DNC Murray, SD AF Lin, DNC Murray, SD TI The formation of first generation stars and globular clusters in protogalactic clouds SO COSMIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article ID L1630 MOLECULAR CLOUD; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; PROTOGLOBULAR CLUSTERS; GALAXIES; MASSES; GAS; PHOTOIONIZATION; FRAGMENTATION; INSTABILITIES; POPULATION C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lin, DNC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2002 IS 187 BP 165 EP 174 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU60Y UT WOS:000176502200021 ER PT S AU Makdisi, YI AF Makdisi, YI BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Acceleration and use for physics of polarized proton beams at RHIC SO COSMOLOGY AND ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Coral-Gables Conference on Cosmology and Elementary Particle Physics CY DEC 12-16, 2001 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Global Fdn, Alpha Omega Res Fdn ID SPIN AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider completed its second year for physics with gold beam collisions at center of mass energy of 200 GeV per nucleon. An important component of the physics program is the acceleration and collisions of polarized proton beams at center of mass energies up to 500 GeV, luminosity of 2.10(32) cm(-2). sec(1) and beam polarization of 70%. The primary focus of the spin physics program is the study of the spin structure of the nucleon. Particular emphasis is on the polarized gluon structure function through direct photon production and inclusive jet production as well as the study of flavor separated quark and antiquark structure functions from W+/- production. In this presentation I will discuss our progress in acceleration and preservation of polarized pro-ton beams at high energies and the expected physics reach using the installed STAR and PHENIX detectors. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Makdisi, YI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0073-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 624 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BU96E UT WOS:000177508800021 ER PT J AU Wolfe, AK Bjornstad, DJ AF Wolfe, AK Bjornstad, DJ TI Why would anyone object? An exploration of social aspects of phytoremediation acceptability SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE phytoremediation; contamination; technology acceptability; decision making ID PUBLIC PERCEPTION; BIOTECHNOLOGY; RISK; FRAMEWORK; ATTITUDES; VALUES AB Phytoremediation comprises a suite of promising cleanup technologies that use plants to remove or contain contaminants in soil and water. To be deployed, phytoremediation must be both technically and socially acceptable. This article explores the potential social acceptability of phytoremediation options proposed for use at specific sites and describes the conceptual framework that guides our exploration. The framework, called PACT (Public Acceptability of Controversial Technologies), consists of Dialog, Technology, Constituent, and Context dimensions. It posits that remediation. decision making is a social process informed by scientific and technical information, rather than a science- or technology-driven process. Although empirical data are scarce, applying PACT shows that a number of issues have the potential to impose conditions on the social acceptability of phytoremediation, and that some issues could lead to outright rejection. Further, because many of these issues concern values and goals, they cannot be resolved simply by providing better or more detailed technical information about phytoremediation. PACT is instructive in showing how even seemingly benign or desirable technologies such as phytoremediation have the potential to generate public controversy, delineating issues in ways that can help lead to their resolution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wolfe, AK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1080/0735-260291044304 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 607QM UT WOS:000178802300001 ER PT J AU Lodewyckx, C Vangronsveld, J Porteous, F Moore, ERB Taghavi, S Mezgeay, M van der Lelie, D AF Lodewyckx, C Vangronsveld, J Porteous, F Moore, ERB Taghavi, S Mezgeay, M van der Lelie, D TI Endophytic bacteria and their potential applications SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA GR12-2; GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; XYLI SUBSP CYNODONTIS; PLANT-GROWTH; ROOT COLONIZATION; AZOSPIRILLUM-BRASILENSE; SUGAR-CANE; WHEAT ROOT; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BURKHOLDERIA-CEPACIA C1 Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Limburgs Univ Ctr, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, Soil Qual & Protect Programme, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. CEN SCK, Ctr Studies Nucl Energy, Microbiol Lab, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RP van der Lelie, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 130 TC 223 Z9 262 U1 11 U2 74 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 583 EP 606 DI 10.1080/0735-260291044377 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 623HM UT WOS:000179697300003 ER PT S AU Schroeppel, R Beaver, C Gonzales, R Miller, R Draelos, T AF Schroeppel, R Beaver, C Gonzales, R Miller, R Draelos, T BE Kaliski, BS Koc, CK Paar, C TI A low-power design for an elliptic curve digital signature chip SO CRYPTOGRAPHIC HARDWARE AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS - CHES 2002 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems CY AUG 13-15, 2002 CL REDWOOD SHORES, CALIFORNIA DE digital signature; elliptic curve; ECDSA; Optimal El Garnal; characteristic 2; field towers; trinomial basis; quadratic equation; qsolve; almost-inverse algorithm; point halving; signed sliding window; GF(2(89)); GF(2(178)); hardware; VHDL; low power AB We present a VHDL design that incorporates optimizations intended to provide digital signature generation with as little power, space, and time as possible. These three primary objectives of power, size, and speed must be balanced along with other important goals, including flexibility of the hardware and ease of use. The highest-level function offered by our hardware design is Elliptic Curve Optimal El Carnal digital signature generation. Our parameters are defined over the finite field GF(2(178)), which gives security that is roughly equivalent to that provided by 1500-bit RSA signatures. Our optimizations include using the point-halving algorithm for elliptic curves, field towers to speed up the finite field arithmetic in general, and further enhancements of basic finite field arithmetic operations. The result is a synthesized VHDL digital signature design (using a CMOS 0.5mum, 5V, 25degreesC library) of 191,000 gates that generates a signature in 4.4 ms at 20 MHz. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schroeppel, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00409-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2523 BP 366 EP 380 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW58B UT WOS:000182489200026 ER PT S AU Li, DQ Yu, CT AF Li, DQ Yu, CT BE Stach, EA Chason, EH Hull, R Bader, SD TI Self-assembled magnetic dots, antidots, dot chains, and stripes: Epitaxial Co on Ru(0001) SO CURRENT ISSUES IN HETEROEPITAXIAL GROWTH-STRESS RELAXATION AND SELF ASSEMBLY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Current Issues in Heteroepitaxial Growth-Stress Relaxation and Self Assembly held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; SURFACES; FE; GROWTH; NANOSTRUCTURES; NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION; PD(110) AB Lateral magnetic nanostructures have been grown via molecular beam epitaxy in ultrahigh vacuum and characterized ex-situ with atomic force and magnetic force microscopy. We observed that epitaxial growth of Co onto Ru(0001) at elevated temperature results in three-dimensional Co islands (dots) or a flat Co film network with deep holes (antidots) in truncated pyramidal shapes. The lateral size of these dots/antidots, in the order of 100 nm, tends to be uniform at each given coverage. We attribute the growth mode mainly to strain relaxation of Co epitaxy on Ru, which has a 8% lattice mismatch. In addition, we have explored the placement of these dots on a grooved Ru(0001) surface. The dots automatically align into linear chains along the asymmetric grooves to form either dot chains or continuous stripes, which would open new opportunities in creating either ordered magnetic arrays or arbitrary arrangements. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, DQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-632-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 696 BP 255 EP 264 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU94Z UT WOS:000177472000038 ER PT J AU Price, SJ Chittenden, LR Flaherty, L O'Dell, B Guay-Woodford, LM Stubbs, L Bryda, EC AF Price, SJ Chittenden, LR Flaherty, L O'Dell, B Guay-Woodford, LM Stubbs, L Bryda, EC TI Characterization of the region containing the jcpk PKD gene on mouse Chromosome 10 SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; MAP; MUTATIONS; GENOME; MODEL AB The jcpk gene on mouse Chromosome 10 causes a severe, early onset form of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) when inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. In order to positionally clone this gene, high resolution genetic and radiation hybrid maps were generated along with a detailed physical map of the approximately 500-kb region containing the jcpk gene. Additionally, sixty-nine kidney-specific ESTs were evaluated as candidates for jcpk and subsequently localized throughout the mouse genome by radiation hybrid mapping analysis. Previous studies indicating non-complementation of the jcpk mutation and 67Gso, a new PKD translocation mutant had suggested that 67Gso represents a new allele of jcpk. Fluoresence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using key bacterial artificial chromosome clones from the jcpk critical region, refined the 67Gso breakpoint and provided support for the allelism of jcpk and 67Gso. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Marshall Univ, Joan C Edwards Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Mol Genet & Immunol, Huntington, WV 25704 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Wadsworth Ctr, Genomics Inst, Albany, NY USA. Albany Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Univ Alabama, Div Genet & Translat Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Bryda, EC (reprint author), Marshall Univ, Joan C Edwards Sch Med, Dept Microbiol Mol Genet & Immunol, 1542 Spring Valley Dr, Huntington, WV 25704 USA. OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK52882, DK54732] NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2002 VL 98 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1159/000068534 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 651KF UT WOS:000181318500009 PM 12584442 ER PT J AU Liehr, T Weise, A Heller, A Starke, H Mrasek, K Kuechler, A Weier, HUG Claussen, U AF Liehr, T Weise, A Heller, A Starke, H Mrasek, K Kuechler, A Weier, HUG Claussen, U TI Multicolor chromosome banding (MCB) with YAC/BAC-based probes and region-specific microdissection DNA libraries SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PAINTING PROBES; HUMAN-GENOME; HUMAN KARYOTYPE; MULTIPLEX-FISH; RESOLUTION; AMPLIFICATION; DUPLICATIONS; MARKER AB Multicolor chromosome banding (MCB) allows the delineation of chromosomal regions with a resolution of a few megabasepairs, i.e., slightly below the size of most visible chromosome bands. Based on the hybridization of overlapping region-specific probe libraries, chromosomal subregions are hybridized with probes that fluoresce in distinct wavelength intervals, so they can be assigned predefined pseudo-colors during the digital imaging and visualization process. The present study demonstrates how MCB patterns can be produced by region-specific microdissection derived (mcd) libraries as well as collections of yeast or bacterial artificial chromosomes (YACs and BACs, respectively). We compared the efficiency of an mcd library based approach with the hybridization of collections of locus-specific probes (LSP) for fluorescent banding of three rather differently sized human chromosomes, i.e., chromosomes 2, 13, and 22. The LSP sets were comprised of 107 probes specific for chromosome 2, 82 probes for chromosome 13, and 31 probes for chromosome 22. The results demonstrated a more homogeneous coverage of chromosomes and thus, more desirable banding patterns using the microdissection library-based MCB. This may be related to the observation that chromosomes are difficult to cover completely with YAC and/or BAC clones as single-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments showed. Mcd libraries, on the other hand, provide high complexity probes that work well as region-specific paints, but do not readily allow positioning of breakpoints on genetic or physical maps as required for the positional cloning of genes. Thus, combinations of mcd libraries and locus-specific large insert DNA probes appear to be the most efficient tools for high-resolution cytogenetic analyses. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ Jena, Inst Human Genet & Anthropol, D-07740 Jena, Germany. Univ Jena, Dept Radiat Oncol, D-07740 Jena, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Liehr, T (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Human Genet & Anthropol, D-07740 Jena, Germany. FU NCI NIH HHS [1R33 CA88258, 1R01 CA80792] NR 45 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2002 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1159/000064043 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 607BW UT WOS:000178771400009 PM 12438737 ER PT J AU Nolan, J Gallegos, L Nolan, R Graves, S Cai, H White, PS AF Nolan, J Gallegos, L Nolan, R Graves, S Cai, H White, PS TI Molecular microbiology: Detection and identification of bacterial and viral pathogens SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 27 EP 28 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400034 ER PT J AU Habbersett, RC Jett, J AF Habbersett, RC Jett, J TI Analysis of conformational variations of DNA molecules, with the potential to locate hybridization probes, by scanning along the length of individual polymers extended in a flow system developed for DNA fragment sizing SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400052 ER PT J AU Yan, XM Habbersett, RC Yoshida, TM Jett, JH Marrone, BL AF Yan, XM Habbersett, RC Yoshida, TM Jett, JH Marrone, BL TI Analysis of SYTOX orange stain-DNA fast binding kinetics for applications in DNA fragment sizing flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400058 ER PT J AU Gerena, Y Melendez, J Nolan, JP Schwartz, A Fernandez-Repollet, E AF Gerena, Y Melendez, J Nolan, JP Schwartz, A Fernandez-Repollet, E TI Quantification of EGFP expression in molt-4 T cells using calibration standards SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 38 EP 39 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400063 ER PT J AU Nolan, JP Deshpande, A Valdez, Y Zhou, F Cai, H White, PS AF Nolan, JP Deshpande, A Valdez, Y Zhou, F Cai, H White, PS TI Pharmacogenetics and flow cytometry: New applications in disease diagnostics and therapeutics SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 43 EP 43 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400075 ER PT J AU Deshpande, A Wheeler, CM Valdez, YE Nolan, JP AF Deshpande, A Wheeler, CM Valdez, YE Nolan, JP TI TNF alpha promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to cervical cancer - An association study, using SNP-GAMMArrays (genomic analyses using multiplexed microsphere arrays) SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400077 ER PT J AU Chin, K De Solorzano, CO Knowles, D Chou, W Miranda, M Kuo, WL Chew, K Waldman, F Ljung, BM Lockett, SJ Gray, JW AF Chin, K De Solorzano, CO Knowles, D Chou, W Miranda, M Kuo, WL Chew, K Waldman, F Ljung, BM Lockett, SJ Gray, JW TI In situ analysis of genomic instability in breast cancer SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010 OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400104 ER PT J AU Cui, HH Valdez, JG Engler, DE Steinkamp, JA Crissman, HA AF Cui, HH Valdez, JG Engler, DE Steinkamp, JA Crissman, HA TI Selection of monochromatic probes for fluorescence lifetime-based measurement of DNA and RNA using a novel phase-sensitive flow cytometer SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400136 ER PT J AU Steinkamp, JA Cui, HH Valdez, JG Engler, DE Crissman, HA AF Steinkamp, JA Cui, HH Valdez, JG Engler, DE Crissman, HA TI Resolution of DNA and RNA in HL-60 cells labeled with a single monochromatic fluorescent probe by phase-sensitive flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400184 ER PT J AU Jett, J Yan, XM Habbersett, RC Lemanski, C Yoshida, T Marrone, BL AF Jett, J Yan, XM Habbersett, RC Lemanski, C Yoshida, T Marrone, BL TI Bacterial strain analysis by DNA fragment sizing flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400218 ER PT J AU Bell, CS Jett, JH Sklar, LA Nolan, JP AF Bell, CS Jett, JH Sklar, LA Nolan, JP TI The National Flow Cytometry Resource SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400299 ER PT J AU Martin, JC Parson, JD Rutherford, EC Ruscetti, T Ambrose, WP AF Martin, JC Parson, JD Rutherford, EC Ruscetti, T Ambrose, WP TI Development of an imaging flow cytometer SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 119 EP 119 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400303 ER PT J AU Graves, SW Habbersett, RC Nolan, JP AF Graves, SW Habbersett, RC Nolan, JP TI Dynamic thermoregulation of the sample in flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 121 EP 121 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400310 ER PT J AU Graves, SW Nolan, JR Jett, JH Martin, JC Chigaev, A Sklar, LA AF Graves, SW Nolan, JR Jett, JH Martin, JC Chigaev, A Sklar, LA TI Nozzle design effects on rapid delivery and rapid kinetic measurements in flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Dept Cytometry & Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 121 EP 121 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400309 ER PT J AU Nolan, RL Goodwin, PM Zhou, F Nolan, JP Cai, H AF Nolan, RL Goodwin, PM Zhou, F Nolan, JP Cai, H TI Detection of fusion genes by two-color fluorescence correlation spectroscopy SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400368 ER PT J AU Jett, J Albright, K Graves, S Habbersett, R Martin, J Naivar, M Parson, J Wilder, M Yoshida, T AF Jett, J Albright, K Graves, S Habbersett, R Martin, J Naivar, M Parson, J Wilder, M Yoshida, T TI Spectral analysis flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400372 ER PT J AU Bentley, MA Williams, SJ Joss, DT O'Leary, CD Bruce, AM Cameron, JA Carpenter, MP Fallon, P Frankland, L Gelletly, W Lister, CJ Martinez-Pinedo, G Poves, A Regan, PH Reiter, P Rubio, B Sanchez-Solano, J Seweryniak, D Svensson, CE Vincent, SM Warner, DD AF Bentley, MA Williams, SJ Joss, DT O'Leary, CD Bruce, AM Cameron, JA Carpenter, MP Fallon, P Frankland, L Gelletly, W Lister, CJ Martinez-Pinedo, G Poves, A Regan, PH Reiter, P Rubio, B Sanchez-Solano, J Seweryniak, D Svensson, CE Vincent, SM Warner, DD TI Mirror symmetry and Coulomb effects in light N approximate to Z nuclei SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advanced-Study-Institute on Symmetries and Spin CY JUL 15-28, 2001 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Czech Minist Ind & Trade, IMMA spol, fro, Compas Consortium, Int Spin Phys Comm ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; BAND TERMINATION; MN-51; FE-51; SHELL; CR-49; MN-49 AB In this overview, some latest results from gamma-ray spectroscopic studies of high spin states of isobaric multiplets will be presented. An experimental programme is underway to examine exited states of isobaric multiplets of total isospin T = (1)/(2) and T = 1 and the comparison of energies of excited states can be interpreted in terms of Coulomb effects. Through a systematic study of these Coulomb effects, and through examination of the calculated Coulomb energies from full pf-shell model calculations, it is now becoming clear that measurement of Coulomb energies can yield very detailed information on the evolution of nuclear structure phenomena as a function of energy and angular momentum. In this contribution, latest results of studies of isobaric analogue states at high spin in the A = 50, 51 and 53 systems will be presented. C1 Univ Keele, Sch Chem & Phys, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Brighton, Dept Mech Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor C11, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. CLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Univ Keele, Sch Chem & Phys, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. EM M.A.Bentley@staffs.ac.uk; cameron@iucf.indiana.edu RI Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; Rubio, Berta/M-1060-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Rubio, Berta/0000-0002-9149-4151; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2002 VL 52 SU C BP C597 EP C606 DI 10.1007/s10582-002-0152-7 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 686TX UT WOS:000183338000021 ER PT J AU Krisch, AD Roser, T AF Krisch, AD Roser, T TI Lazarus Ratner 1923-2000 SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Krisch, AD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2002 VL 52 SU C BP C11 EP C12 DI 10.1007/s10582-002-0093-1 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 686TW UT WOS:000183337900003 ER PT B AU Madejski, G AF Madejski, G BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV Viollier, RD TI Black holes in active galactic nuclei SO DARK MATTER IN ASTRO- AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dark Matter in Astro- and Particle Physics (DARK 2002) CY FEB 04-09, 2002 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Univ Cape Town, Phys Dept, Max Planck Inst Kernphys Heidelberg, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch gmBH ID EMISSION; GALAXY; DISK; NGC-4945; REGION AB The most viable scenario for modelling of active galactic nuclei includes a supermassive black hole (with the mass of 10(6)-10(9) Solar masses) accreting the galaxian matter from its vicinity. The release of the gravitational energy of the infalling matter is ultimately responsible for the large radiative output of those objects, and in some cases, for formation and acceleration of powerful relativistic jets. This paper outlines our current understanding of the structure of AGN, and summarizes the observational evidence for black holes in those objects. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Madejski, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-44257-X PY 2002 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BW59A UT WOS:000182527600004 ER PT B AU Drake, AJ Becker, AC Clocchiati, A Cook, KH Covarrubias, R Hiriart, R Keller, S Miknaitis, G Nikolaev, S Olsen, K Prochter, G Rest, A Schmidt, BP Smith, C Stubbs, CW Suntzeff, N Welch, DL AF Drake, AJ Becker, AC Clocchiati, A Cook, KH Covarrubias, R Hiriart, R Keller, S Miknaitis, G Nikolaev, S Olsen, K Prochter, G Rest, A Schmidt, BP Smith, C Stubbs, CW Suntzeff, N Welch, DL BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV Viollier, RD TI A next generation microlensing search: SuperMacho. SO DARK MATTER IN ASTRO- AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dark Matter in Astro- and Particle Physics (DARK 2002) CY FEB 04-09, 2002 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Univ Cape Town, Phys Dept, Max Planck Inst Kernphys Heidelberg, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch gmBH ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; MACHO PROJECT; DARK-MATTER AB Past microlensing experiments such as the MACHO project have discovered the presence of a larger than expected number of microlensing events towards the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). These events could represent a large fraction of the dark matter in the halo of our Galaxy, if they are indeed due to halo lenses. However, the locations of most of the lenses axe poorly defined. The SuperMacho project will detect and follow up similar to 60 microlensing events toward the LMC over the next 5 years. The expected discovery of a number of microlensing events exhibiting special properties due to binarity, etc., will allow us to better determine the location and nature of the lenses causing the LMC microlensing events. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Drake, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-44257-X PY 2002 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BW59A UT WOS:000182527600008 ER PT B AU Hime, A AF Hime, A CA SNO Collaboration BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV Viollier, RD TI Results and implications of first SNO SO DARK MATTER IN ASTRO- AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dark Matter in Astro- and Particle Physics (DARK 2002) CY FEB 04-09, 2002 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Univ Cape Town, Phys Dept, Max Planck Inst Kernphys Heidelberg, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch gmBH ID SOLAR-NEUTRINO OBSERVATIONS; OSCILLATIONS; DETECTOR; MODELS; MATTER; TIME; B-8 AB The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is an imaging, water Cerenkov detector operating deep underground in an active nickel mine near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. By exploiting 1000 tonnes of heavy water as a solar neutrino target, SNO is capable of making a model-independent test of the Solar Neutrino Problem using charged-current (CC), elastic-scattering (ES), and neutral-current (NC) interactions of B-8 solar neutrinos on deuterium. Based upon 240 live days of data obtained during the pure-D2O running phase, a comparison of the CC interaction rate measured at SNO with the ES interaction rate measured at SuperKamiokande yields strong evidence for electron neutrino flavor conversion into active, non-electron neutrino species. In addition, the total active flux of B-8 neutrinos has been experimentally determined for the first time and is in good agreement with the Standard Solar Model (SSM) prediction. The results and implications of these experiments are presented along with prospects and hopes for the future. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hime, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-44257-X PY 2002 BP 553 EP 563 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BW59A UT WOS:000182527600052 ER PT J AU Guay, CKH Bishop, JKB AF Guay, CKH Bishop, JKB TI A rapid birefringence method for measuring suspended CaCO3 concentrations in seawater SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE oceanography; carbon cycle; calcium carbonates; optical properties; analytical techniques; instruments ID 1991 COCCOLITHOPHORE BLOOM; CENTRAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN AB The extreme birefringence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) relative to other major components of marine particulate matter provides a basis for making optical in situ measurements of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) in seawater. This concept was tested with a benchtop spectrophotometer equipped with a 1- and 10-cm path length sample cell and modified with linear polarizers to measure the birefringence of suspended particles. Sample suspensions containing 3-100% CaCO3 (by weight) were prepared from calcareous marine sediment material and varying amounts of non-birefringent diatomaceous earth. The samples ranged in total suspended material from 0.003 to 249 mg l(-l) and PIC from 0.03 to 1820 mu mol CaCO3 l(-1). A positive relationship was observed between birefringence and PIC, with response falling off as the total particle concentration and the relative abundance of non-CaCO3 particles in the sample increased. Sensitivity increased linearly with optical path length, and absolute detection limits of 0.2-0.4 and 0.04-0.08 mu mol CaCO3 l(-1), respectively, were determined for path lengths of 1- and 10-cm based on the intrinsic signal noise of the modified spectrophotometer. Conventional (i.e., non-polarized) transmittance measurements were used to correct the birefringence signal for the sensitivity loss due to interference from scattering and absorption. Without further modification, this spectrophotometer-based method can be used (with a 10-cm cell) to quantify PIC in most surface ocean waters-including those influenced by coccolithophore blooms. The spectrophotometer results define performance requirements and design parameters for an in situ instrument capable of operating over the oceanic range of PIC. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guay, CKH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ckguay@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 197 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00049-8 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 506CY UT WOS:000172953400013 ER PT J AU Lamb, MF Sabine, CL Feely, RA Wanninkhof, R Key, RM Johnson, GC Millero, FJ Lee, K Peng, TH Kozyr, A Bullister, JL Greeley, D Byrne, RH Chipman, DW Dickson, AG Goyet, C Guenther, PR Ishii, M Johnson, KM Keeling, CD Ono, T Shitashima, K Tilbrook, B Takahashi, T Wallace, DWR Watanabe, YW Winn, C Wong, CS AF Lamb, MF Sabine, CL Feely, RA Wanninkhof, R Key, RM Johnson, GC Millero, FJ Lee, K Peng, TH Kozyr, A Bullister, JL Greeley, D Byrne, RH Chipman, DW Dickson, AG Goyet, C Guenther, PR Ishii, M Johnson, KM Keeling, CD Ono, T Shitashima, K Tilbrook, B Takahashi, T Wallace, DWR Watanabe, YW Winn, C Wong, CS TI Consistency and synthesis of Pacific Ocean CO2 survey data SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ANALYSIS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; WATER COLUMN; INORGANIC CARBON; SEAWATER MEDIA; MARINE; ACID; CALIBRATION AB Between 1991 and 1999, carbon measurements were made on twenty-five WOCE/JGOFS/OACES cruises in the Pacific Ocean. Investigators from 15 different laboratories and four countries analyzed at least two of the four measurable ocean carbon parameters (DIC, TAlk, fCO(2), and pH) on almost all cruises. The goal of this work is to assess the quality of the Pacific carbon survey data and to make recommendations for generating a unified data set that is consistent between cruises. Several different lines of evidence were used to examine the consistency, including comparison of calibration techniques, results from certified reference material analyses, precision of at-sea replicate analyses, agreement between shipboard analyses and replicate shore based analyses, comparison of deep water values at locations where two or more cruises overlapped or crossed, consistency with other hydrographic parameters, and internal consistency with multiple carbon parameter measurements. With the adjustments proposed here, the data can be combined to generate a Pacific Ocean data set., with over 36,000 unique sample locations analyzed for at least two carbon parameters in most cases. The best data coverage was for DIC, which has an estimated overall accuracy of similar to3 mu mol kg(-1). TAlk, the second most common carbon parameter analyzed, had an estimated overall accuracy of similar to 5 mu mol kg(-1). To obtain additional details on this study, including detailed crossover plots and information on the availability of the compiled, adjusted data set, visit the Global Data Analysis Project web site at: http://cdiac.esd.oml.gov/oceans/glodap. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. US DOE, BNL, Upton, NY 11971 USA. Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama 2368648, Japan. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Abiko, Chiba 2701194, Japan. Antarctic CRC, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. CSIRO, Marine Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Natl Inst Resources & Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827 NR 53 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00093-5 PG 38 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 507CE UT WOS:000173008600002 ER PT J AU Ashjian, CJ Smith, SL Flagg, CN Idrisi, N AF Ashjian, CJ Smith, SL Flagg, CN Idrisi, N TI Distribution, annual cycle, and vertical migration of acoustically derived biomass in the Arabian Sea during 1994-1995 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER; ZOOPLANKTON DISPLACEMENT VOLUME; NORTHWESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; US JGOFS; MESOZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; SPRING INTERMONSOON; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC AB The distinguishing characteristic that sets the Arabian Sea apart from other oceanic regions is the regular oscillation of monsoonal atmospheric conditions that produces predictable periods of upwelling or convective mixing, with associated biological response, during the Southwest and Northeast monsoons, respectively. This oscillation is also evident in cycles of standing stocks of zooplankton and micronekton. The vertical distribution and spatial pattern of zooplankton and micronekton biomass were estimated using an acoustic Doppler current profiler along a 1000-km transect extending from the continental shelf of Oman to the central Arabian Sea during ten cruises on the R/V Thomas G. Thompson (November 1994-December 1995). The influence of the Southwest Monsoon, and accompanying upwelling and enhanced acoustically derived biomass, was the dominant feature in the spatial-temporal distributions of both zooplankton and micronekton near the Omani coast. The diel vertical migration of predators (myetophids, pelagic crabs), and the seasonal changes in the strength of this signal, was the most significant pattern observed in the vertical distribution of biomass and imparted a strong day-night signal to the integrated upper water-column biomass. Significant differences in the magnitude of integrated upper water-column biomass, both zooplankton (day) and migrator-zooplankton (night), were seen between inshore and offshore of the atmospheric Findlater Jet. A station located in the central Arabian Sea demonstrated seasonal changes in biomass over the year, despite being quite far from the influence of the monsoonal oscillations. Predation pressure was greater offshore of the Findlater Jet than in the region inshore of the Jet or in the central Arabian Sea. The pelagic community of the Arabian Sea may have evolved life history strategies to coincide with the predictable monsoonal cycle. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM cashjian@whoi.edu NR 100 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2377 EP 2402 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00041-3 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00041-3 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 567PQ UT WOS:000176493600007 ER PT J AU Verity, PG Bauer, JE Flagg, CN DeMaster, DJ Repeta, DJ AF Verity, PG Bauer, JE Flagg, CN DeMaster, DJ Repeta, DJ TI The Ocean Margins Program: an interdisciplinary study of carbon sources, transformations, and sinks in a temperate continental margin system SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; CAPE-HATTERAS; NORTH-CAROLINA; SLOPE SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COASTAL ZONE; GULF-STREAM; CO2 FLUXES AB The cycling of carbon on the US east coast shelf and upper slope has been studied for 20 years in a variety of interdisciplinary programs focused on the, Mid and South Atlantic Bights. The culmination of this research was a comprehensive field study conducted in 1996 to ascertain whether the Cape Hatteras shelf was a net source or sink for atmospheric CO(2), and the associated transformations and pathways of inorganic and organic carbon. The rationale, objectives, design, and overview of the Ocean Margins Program are given here as a framework to interpret the results of the papers presented in this special issue. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Verity, PG (reprint author), Skidaway Inst Oceanog, 10 Ocean Sci Circle, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. EM peter@skio.peachnet.edu NR 96 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 20 BP 4273 EP 4295 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00120-0 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00120-0 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 607KX UT WOS:000178791700002 ER PT J AU Flagg, CN Pietrafesa, LJ Weatherly, GL AF Flagg, CN Pietrafesa, LJ Weatherly, GL TI Springtime hydrography of the southern Middle Atlantic Bight and the onset of seasonal stratification SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF NORTH; GULF-STREAM WATER; CAPE-HATTERAS; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; SLOPE WATERS; CIRCULATION; ENTRAINMENT AB The Ocean Margins Program was a major multi-disciplinary observational effort in the southern Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB), focusing on the transformation, retention, and export of biogenic materials from the shelf. The observational effort peaked in the spring and summer of 1996 with four ship-based surveys, augmented by an array of 26 moorings supporting 126 temperature and 118 salinity sensors. The data from the cruises and moored array are used to describe how the springtime hydrographic evolution takes place in an area in which five water masses locally vie for dominance and that is subject to strong wind stress, heat flux, and offshore forcing. The results show that the region is subject to large-scale intrusions from both the north and south, which materially affect the timing and development of stratified conditions. The intrusions from the north are wind driven and provide cold, moderately saline, unstratifed water, delaying the development of stratified conditions. Intrusions also occur from the south, where warmer and generally more saline waters from the South Atlantic Bight are driven into the area by alongshore winds and/or intrusions of Gulf Stream waters pushed shoreward by Gulf Stream frontal eddies. In 1996, an intrusion of saline water from the south, combined with a reversal of the alongshore winds from the north, slowed the southward flow of cold MAB water, and subsequently caused low-salinity Virginia Coastal Waters to spread out from the coastal plume over the denser water from the north. With the reduced alongshelf flow and an initial stratification provided by the low-salinity coastal water, solar insolation and sensible heat fluxes were then able to warm the surface layer, permanently establishing the seasonal thermocline/halocline for the area not directly impacted by intrusions from the Gulf Stream and South Atlantic Bight. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Flagg, CN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 20 BP 4297 EP 4329 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00121-2 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00121-2 PG 33 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 607KX UT WOS:000178791700003 ER PT J AU Pietrafesa, LJ Flagg, CN Xie, L Weatherly, GL Morrison, JM AF Pietrafesa, LJ Flagg, CN Xie, L Weatherly, GL Morrison, JM TI The winter/spring 1996 OMP current, meteorological, sea state and coastal sea level fields SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHTS; SHELF; MODEL; EAST AB The time series of atmospheric winds, coastal sea level, surface gravity waves, currents, water temperature, and salinity for the period February-May 1996 across the OMP moored array defined a well-organized physical oceanographic system. The M2 tide, a frictionally modified Poincare wave, was manifested as a clockwise-rotating, elliptically polarized wave, with predominantly cross-shelf orientation of the ellipse, and an axis ratio of similar to0.6 in upper layer waters and in offshore waters. However, bottom friction compressed and rotated the tidal ellipses in shallow and near-bottom waters. Elliptically polarized, clockwise-rotating motions were evident at near-inertial (similar to 20 h) and diurnal (similar to24h) periods. The wind field was dominated by 2-14 day events centered about 4-8 days. Due to the location and track of mesoscale atmospheric events, the wind field over the southern portion of the array was far more energetic than over the northern portion. The winds prior to 17 April had higher variances than after 17 April. Sub-diurnal frequency currents were dynamically responsive to the wind field at all locations and were stronger in the southern portion of the array. The shelf-wide, southward drift of Middle Atlantic Bight waters contributed to the weekly to monthly scales of motion. Shelf-wide, the record length means were generally southward, with an offshore component in near-bottom waters. However, a significant finding was that near the 21 m isobath on the north line of moorings, just south of the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, the mean flow was into the Bay, providing a means for the import of marine sediment into the estuary. In the southeastern-most corner of the array, north of Diamond Shoals in 36 m of water, the flows were persistently directed offshore. Following southward wind events, an inability to propagate Kelvin waves northward along the coast traps a buildup of water against Diamond Shoals such that the only way for it to relax is through a geostrophically balanced offshore transport of shelf waters. The Chesapeake Bay Plume and Middle Atlantic Bight Waters often breached Diamond Shoals and invaded the South Atlantic Bight during the passage of movement northward with southward-directed wind events, particularly extra-tropical cyclones. Following the mid-April transition to persistent northward winds, Carolina Capes Water moved northward across Diamond Shoals and induced a transition from well-mixed wintertime to vertically stratified summertime hydrographic conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Pietrafesa, LJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 20 BP 4331 EP 4354 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00166-2 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00166-2 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 607KX UT WOS:000178791700004 ER PT J AU Lohrenz, SE Redalje, DG Verity, PG Flagg, CN Matulewski, KV AF Lohrenz, SE Redalje, DG Verity, PG Flagg, CN Matulewski, KV TI Primary production on the continental shelf off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; GULF-STREAM WATER; NEW-YORK BIGHT; QUANTUM YIELD; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; FRONTAL STRUCTURE; BIOGENOUS MATTER AB Distributions of primary production and chlorophyll size structure were examined in relationship to hydrographic properties during March and July 1996 in continental shelf waters off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Chlorophyll concentrations ranged highest (> 10 mg m(-3)) during March. Peak values were associated with subsurface maxima near the shelf edge, which were dominated by larger ( > 8 mum) phytoplankton. In July, chlorophyll concentrations were generally lower with higher proportions associated with the < 8 mum size fraction. Primary production was determined using a wavelength-resolved photosynthesis-irradiance model. Model performance was evaluated by comparison of modeled and measured estimates of optical properties and simulated in situ primary production. Regional patterns of primary production determined using the model revealed high water-column-integrated primary production during March (>2.0 g cm(-2) d(-1)) in association with the shelf-slope front. In contrast, highest values in July (>3.0 g C m(-2) d(-1)) were associated with an intrusion of high-salinity, high-nutrient water into the southern portion of the study region. Average shelf-wide productivities were 1.3 g C m(-2) d(-1) in March and 2.1 g C M(-2) d(-1) in July. Contemporaneous Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer sea-surface temperature imagery revealed that regions of high productivity were proximal to Gulf Stream circulation features. In March, cross-shelf sections of hydrographic properties and nutrients provided evidence for onshore displacement of the shelf-slope front, apparently related to the combined effects of the strong winds prior to the cruise and the offshore presence of energetic Gulf Stream processes. We speculate that variable forcing, related to the dynamics of the Gulf Stream and wind, resulted in significant frontal displacement and frontal velocity fluctuations leading to enhanced mixing and injection of nutrients across the frontal boundary. In July, Gulf Stream circulation, in conjunction with upwelling favorable conditions, resulted in a subsurface intrusion of high-nutrient water onto the shelf analogous to similar phenomena observed in the South Atlantic Bight. Localized regions of enhanced productivity appear to be quantitatively important in the overall carbon/nitrogen budget of the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight shelf. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lohrenz, SE (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM steven.lohrenz@usm.edu; donald.redalje@usm.edu; peter@skio.peachnet.edu; flagg@bnl.gov OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 93 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 20 BP 4479 EP 4509 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00126-1 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00126-1 PG 31 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 607KX UT WOS:000178791700011 ER PT J AU Redalje, DG Lohrenz, SE Verity, PG Flagg, CN AF Redalje, DG Lohrenz, SE Verity, PG Flagg, CN TI Phytoplankton dynamics within a discrete water mass off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina: the Lagrangian experiment SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CARBON FLUX; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SPRING BLOOM; BIOMASS; EXPORT; VARIABILITY; NUTRIENTS AB As part of the Department of Energy Ocean Margins Program, we examined the spatial and temporal variability in primary production and phytoplankton pigments during two cruises to the shelf waters between the Chesapeake Bay and Cape Hatteras. The first cruise was conducted in March 1996, reflecting well-mixed conditions just prior to the spring transition, while the second cruise was conducted during July 1996 when the water column was more stratified. During each cruise, primary production and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigments for the whole community and <8-mum size fraction were determined for several successive days within a discrete water mass by following a near-surface tracking drogue. In March, production ranged from 0.50 to 0.65 g C m(-2) d(-1), with 52-62% of the production attributed to the smaller size fraction. About 50% of the total chlorophyll a (chl a) was found in the > 8-mum size fraction. Pigment composition was dominated by chlorophylls a, c(1) and c(2), and fucoxanthin, indicating the importance of diatoms. In July, production was more variable, ranging from 0.38 to 2.09 g C m(-2) d(-1), with 41-83% of production attributed to the <8-mum size fraction. Rates increased over the 4-day study. Most of the chi a was found in the <8-mum size fraction. The phytoplankton pigments were dominated by chi a and fucoxanthin with chlorophylls c(1) and c(2), again indicating the importance of diatoms during this cruise.CHEMTAX (Mackey et al. CHEMTAX User's Manual: a program for estimating class abundances from chemical markers-application to HPLC measurements of phytoplankton pigments. CSIRO Marine Laboratories, Report 229, Hobart, 42 pp.), a factor analysis computer program, was used to examine phytoplankton community structure using marker pigments from our HPLC analyses to determine the relative importance of various taxa. In March, diatoms dominated whole water samples, with consistent contributions from dinoflagellates and cryptophytes. The <8-mum fraction was dominated by small diatoms, chrysophytes, cryptophytes and dinoflagellates. In July, diatoms were still present and important, but prymnesiophytes, cryptophytes and cyanobacteria contributed in both size classes. Correlation analyses indicated that primary production was positively correlated with light and temperature. Chl a biomass was positively correlated with the concentrations of NO2 + NO3 and negatively correlated with temperature. These correlations support the observation that temperature played a major role in the phytoplankton dynamics in this shelf ecosystem. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Redalje, DG (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, 1020 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 20 BP 4511 EP 4531 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00127-3 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00127-3 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 607KX UT WOS:000178791700012 ER PT J AU Paffenhofer, GA Flagg, CN AF Paffenhofer, GA Flagg, CN TI Interannual variability of metazooplankton biomass in ocean margins: late winter vs. summer SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION; ABUNDANCE; SHELF; PHYTOPLANKTON; COPEPODS; MESOZOOPLANKTON; BLOOMS; GROWTH AB The main goal of this part of the Department of Energy's (DOE) Ocean Margin Program (OMP) was to quantify metazooplankton biomass and its composition in relation to hydrographic variables. The study periods were March, and June/July 1994 and 1996. Meteorological forcing was not pronounced during the periods of observation. Hydrographic conditions differed clearly between March 1994 and 1996, which was reflected in zooplankton biomass in the entire water column (mg C m(-2)), which was higher in 1994 and 1996. There was little difference during summer in hydrographic conditions and metazooplankton biomass between 1994 and 1996. Local biomass maxima were much more pronounced in March than during summer. The magnitudes of biomass abundance in March are close to the highest values encountered elsewhere on continental shelves and slopes. Those in summer only occasionally reflect those of highly productive ocean margins. The composition of dominant taxa hardly varied between the March studies, but differed to some extent between June 1994 and July 1996. The composition of post-naupliar stages of the abundant copepod genera Centropages and Temora differed within seasons, showing different states of reproductive activity. Short-term observations like ours on the abundance, distribution and composition of metazooplankton assemblages provide limited insight into intraseasonal and interannual variability. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Paffenhofer, GA (reprint author), Skidaway Inst Oceanog, 10 Ocean Sci Circle, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 20 BP 4533 EP 4552 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00128-5 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00128-5 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 607KX UT WOS:000178791700013 ER PT J AU Verity, PG Redalje, DG Lohrenz, SR Flagg, C Hristov, R AF Verity, PG Redalje, DG Lohrenz, SR Flagg, C Hristov, R TI Coupling between primary production and pelagic consumption in temperate ocean margin pelagic ecosystems SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ORGANIC-MATTER; SPRING BLOOM; CARBON FLUX; SEEP-I; MICROZOOPLANKTON; RATES AB Three fates potentially consume primary production occurring on ocean margins: portions can be oxidized within the water column, portions can sediment to shelf/slope depots, and portions can be exported to the interior ocean. Zooplankton mediate all three of these processes and thus can alter the pathway and residence time of particulate organic carbon. As part of both US DOE- and NSF-sponsored studies on the Cape Hatteras and South Atlantic Bight (SAB) shelves, the role of microzooplankton in these processes was determined by measuring phytoplankton production and its consumption by microzooplankton. Grazing and growth rates were measured during 46 dilution incubation experiments using chlorophyll a (chl a) as a proxy for phytoplankton (prey) biomass. Chl a production and grazing were determined for the < 200 gm phytoplankton community and also the < 8 gm size class. Primary production at Cape Hatteras was determined using (HCO3-)-C-14 incubations during two Lagrangian drifter studies lasting several days in March and July 1996. From similar measurements during cross-shelf transects over larger spatial scales, primary production was also calculated for the Hatteras study area using a wavelength-resolved bio-optical model. Primary production during the Lagrangian studies was generally 0.5-1.0gC/m(2)/d in March and 0.5-2.0 gC/m(2)/d in July. Modeled estimates of primary production for the larger Hatteras study region in March and July averaged 1.8 gC/m(2)/d . Typically, < 8 mum cells contributed one-half or more of primary production. Positive linear regressions described relationships between phytoplankton production measured as changes in chl a and its grazing by microzooplankton. In the dilution experiments conducted throughout the SAB and Hatteras shelves, microzooplankton grazed 65% of <200 mum chl a production, and 81% of < 8 mum chl a production. These relationships were temperature-dependent: losses of chl a production in both size fractions to microzooplankton herbivory increased with increasing temperature. Higher grazing rates were found in the < 8 mum compared to the < 200 mum size class. Model regressions were used to estimate the impact of microzooplankton grazing on (HCO3-)-C-14-derived estimates of primary production in Cape Hatteras shelf waters. Integrated water column grazing removed 40% and 58% of <200 mum and <8 mum primary production, respectively, during the Lagrangian experiment in March, and 61 % and 74% in July. Averaged over larger spatial scales using a bio-optical model, microzooplankton ingested 42% and 61 % of primary production in March and July, respectively, with an overall mean of 52%. These data generally support the notion that, contrary to traditional paradigms about shelf ecosystems, small autotrophs contributed significantly to production, and that this carbon was actively incorporated into the microbial food web. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Verity, PG (reprint author), Skidaway Inst Oceanog, 10 Ocean Sci Circle, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. NR 83 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 20 BP 4553 EP 4569 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00164-9 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00164-9 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 607KX UT WOS:000178791700014 ER PT J AU Miller, LA Yager, PL Erickson, KA Amiel, D Bacle, J Cochran, JK Garneau, ME Gosselin, M Hirschberg, DJ Klein, B LeBlanc, B Miller, WL AF Miller, LA Yager, PL Erickson, KA Amiel, D Bacle, J Cochran, JK Garneau, ME Gosselin, M Hirschberg, DJ Klein, B LeBlanc, B Miller, WL TI Carbon distributions and fluxes in the North Water, 1998 and 1999 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA CO2 EXCHANGE; ROSS SEA; POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION; GREENLAND SEA; ARCTIC-OCEAN; POLYNYA; PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; ALKALINITY; PCO(2) AB As part of the first investigation of the North Water region of Baffin Bay to specifically examine carbon cycling in this unique and highly productive area, we found that the distributions of carbon within these waters were controlled by a complex system of transport and biological processes. We systematically collected samples throughout the North Water during April-July 1998 and August-September 1999 and analyzed them for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon, and total suspended particulate carbon. Consistent with biogenic drawdown, surface DIC concentrations dropped by as much as 250 mumol kg(-1) during the summer and began to increase again by the end of September. Although the surface waters were supersaturated with carbon dioxide in early spring, extensive ice cover limited CO2 outgassing at that time. As the ice cleared, decreasing surface DIC concentrations supported significant fluxes Of CO2 into the ocean. In late September and early October, when ice again was beginning to cover the area, the surface waters were still undersaturated in CO2, implying that the North Water could be a net sink of atmospheric carbon, if winter air-sea fluxes are minimal. There is strong evidence that horizontal advection plays an important role in controlling DIC distributions, although we were unable to independently quantify the advective fluxes. Based on the observed changes in total carbon concentrations and estimates of air-sea fluxes, we found that carbon was lost from the surface waters between April 1998 and October 1999, probably due to both biological and advective export. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Div Ocean Sci & Prod, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Oceanog Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11778 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. Univ Quebec, Inst Sci Mer, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. Univ Laval, Grp Interuniv Rech Oceanog Quebec, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. RP Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Div Ocean Sci & Prod, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM millerli@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Yager, Patricia/K-8020-2014; Gosselin, Michel/B-4477-2014 OI Yager, Patricia/0000-0002-8462-6427; Gosselin, Michel/0000-0002-1044-0793 NR 44 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 22-23 BP 5151 EP 5170 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00183-2 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00183-2 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 612CD UT WOS:000179055800016 ER PT S AU Sopori, B Zhang, Y Reedy, R Jones, K Ravindra, NM Rangan, S Ashok, S AF Sopori, B Zhang, Y Reedy, R Jones, K Ravindra, NM Rangan, S Ashok, S BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Johnson, NM Sopori, BL Okushi, H TI Trapping and detrapping of H in Si: Impact on diffusion properties and solar cell processing SO DEFECT AND IMPURITY ENGINEERED SEMICONDUCTORS AND DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect and Impurity Engineered Semiconductors and Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; HYDROGEN DIFFUSION; DOPED SILICON; N-TYPE; P-TYPE; PASSIVATION; IMPURITIES; PLASMA; DONOR AB Influence of trapping and detrapping on the diffusion behavior of H in Si is investigated using both experiment and theory. Experimental H (or D) diffusion profiles, produced by plasma and ion implantation processes, are fitted with a theoretical model. This model includes three kind of traps-stationary, process-induced, and mobile. Excellent correlation between theory and experiment is observed. Best-fit parameters provide an insight into the trapping mechanisms. We also show how some of the problems resulting from trapping can be circumvented by suitable process conditions. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-665-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 719 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV34P UT WOS:000178622200018 ER PT S AU Janotti, A Zhang, SB Wei, SH AF Janotti, A Zhang, SB Wei, SH BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Johnson, NM Sopori, BL Okushi, H TI Nitrogen-stabilized H-2* defects in GaP : N SO DEFECT AND IMPURITY ENGINEERED SEMICONDUCTORS AND DEVICES III SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect and Impurity Engineered Semiconductors and Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; HYDROGEN MOLECULES; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; COMPLEXES; SEMICONDUCTORS; FREQUENCIES; GAAS AB The presence of N in III-V compounds such as GaAs and GaP drastically changes the behavior of H. We studied atomic structures of N-related hydrogen complexes in GaP:N using first-principles method. We show that the formation of the strong N-H bond is responsible for the stabilization of H-2* complex that is otherwise unstable against the formation of H-2 molecule. This provides the first theoretical proof that H-2* can be stable in III-V semiconductor. The previously proposed H-N-H dihydride model is found to be unstable against spontaneously transforming into H-2*, which involves only monohydrides, H-N and H-Ga. The calculated local vibration frequencies and isotope shifts are in good agreement with experiment. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; Janotti, Anderson/F-1773-2011 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; Janotti, Anderson/0000-0001-5028-8338 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-665-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 719 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV34P UT WOS:000178622200023 ER PT S AU Buonassisi, T Vyvenko, OF Istratov, AA Weber, ER Schindler, R AF Buonassisi, T Vyvenko, OF Istratov, AA Weber, ER Schindler, R BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Johnson, NM Sopori, BL Okushi, H TI Application of X-ray synchrotron techniques to the characterization of the chemical nature and recombination activity of grown-in and process-induced defects and impurities in solar cells SO DEFECT AND IMPURITY ENGINEERED SEMICONDUCTORS AND DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect and Impurity Engineered Semiconductors and Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Results of the application of a combination of synchrotron radiation based analytical techniques, X-ray Beam Induced Current (XBIC) and microprobe X-ray Fluorescence (mu-XRF) to the analysis of shunts and lifetime limiting defects in solar cells are reported. XBIC, a new lifetime measurement technique similar to the Laser Beam Induced Current (LBIC) technique, uses a focused X-ray beam to generate minority charge carriers, which are then collected by the p-n junction of the solar cell. The X-ray beam is focused down to a spot size varying from approximately 1x1 mum to 5x5 mum, depending on the settings of focusing mirrors and slits. The sample stage is moved by computer-controlled step motors with sub-micron accuracy. Since the X-ray Beam Induced Current, which characterizes the minority carrier diffusion length in the spot where the X-ray beam hits the sample, and the X-ray Fluorescence signal, which characterizes the chemical nature of the precipitates under the beam, are measured at the same time, the chemical nature of the defects and impurities and their recombination activity can be studied simultaneously, in situ, and with a micron-scale resolution. We present the results of the applications of these techniques to low lifetime regions in fully processed solar cells, The solar cells were pre-characterized by LBIC and thermography, and regions of interest (containing shunts) were selected. An mu-XRF scan in this area of low lifetime revealed the presence of silver and titanium far from the contact strip, suggesting a process-induced defect. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Buonassisi, T (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Vyvenko, Oleg/I-6539-2013 OI Vyvenko, Oleg/0000-0001-6077-3679 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-665-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 719 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV34P UT WOS:000178622200026 ER PT S AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ Wang, CM AF Jiang, W Weber, WJ Wang, CM BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Johnson, NM Sopori, BL Okushi, H TI Defect accumulation and recovery in ion-implanted 6H-SiC SO DEFECT AND IMPURITY ENGINEERED SEMICONDUCTORS AND DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect and Impurity Engineered Semiconductors and Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SILICON-CARBIDE; DISORDER; CERAMICS; CARBON AB Single crystal wafers of <0001>-oriented 6H-SiC were irradiated at different temperatures using a variety of ion species. The-disorder on both the Si and C sublattices has been studied in situ using a combination of ion beam analyses in multiaxial channeling geometry. The fraction of the irradiation-induced defects surviving simultaneous recovery processes decreases with decreasing ion mass and with increasing irradiation temperature. Some of the Si and C defects are well aligned with the <0001> axis and the rate of C disordering is higher than that of Si disordering. Three recovery stages in Au2+-irradiated 6H-SiC have been identified. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-665-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 719 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV34P UT WOS:000178622200046 ER PT S AU Albin, D Dhere, R Wu, X Gessert, T Romero, MJ Yan, Y Asher, S AF Albin, D Dhere, R Wu, X Gessert, T Romero, MJ Yan, Y Asher, S BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Johnson, NM Sopori, BL Okushi, H TI Perturbation of copper substitutional defect concentrations in CdS/CdTe heterojunction solar cell devices SO DEFECT AND IMPURITY ENGINEERED SEMICONDUCTORS AND DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect and Impurity Engineered Semiconductors and Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EFFICIENCY; STABILITY; CDTE; CU AB The efficacy of implementing terrestrial-based photovoltaics is dictated by trade-offs in device performance, cost, and reliability. Presently, the highest efficiency polycrystalline CdS/CdTe superstrate solar cells utilize back contacts containing copper as an intentional dopant. Accelerated stress data correlates copper diffusion from this contact with performance degradation. Degradation at the device level exhibits two characteristic modes that are influenced by CdTe surface treatments prior to contacting. Rapid degradation associated with a rapidly decreasing open-circuit voltage can occur in cases where processing favors stoichiometric CdTe surfaces. Slower degradation associated with roll-over is typified by treatments favoring the presence of Te at the back contact. The chemical composition and extent of Te-rich contact interfaces is revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Deep-level transient spectroscopy of NP etched and non-etched devices show Te-rich conditions are necessary for the detection of deep-acceptor Cu-Cd defect levels at (E-v +0.28 to 0.34 eV). Low keV cathodoluminescence measurements show that these defects can be found localized at the back surface of CdS/CdTe devices. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Albin, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-665-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 719 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV34P UT WOS:000178622200056 ER PT S AU Romero, MJ Gessert, TA Al-Jassim, MM Dhere, RG Albin, DS Moutinho, HR AF Romero, MJ Gessert, TA Al-Jassim, MM Dhere, RG Albin, DS Moutinho, HR BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Johnson, NM Sopori, BL Okushi, H TI The role of interfaces in thin-film CdTe solar cells SO DEFECT AND IMPURITY ENGINEERED SEMICONDUCTORS AND DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect and Impurity Engineered Semiconductors and Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CU AB Thin-film CdTe solar cells are, very promising for future cost-effective photovoltaics. The photovoltaic effect in these cells is based on the extraction of photoexcited carriers by the field provided by the CdTe/CdS heterojunction. An additional interface with non-rectifying characteristics is needed to close the external circuit on the other side of the CdTe thin film. Finally, the transport of photoexcited carriers is influenced by the presence of grain boundaries (GBs). In this contribution, we investigate several aspects of these interfaces and their effects on the operation of CdTe solar cells by electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-665-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 719 BP 389 EP 394 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV34P UT WOS:000178622200057 ER PT S AU Jaffe, JE Bliss, M AF Jaffe, JE Bliss, M BE Ashok, S Chevallier, J Johnson, NM Sopori, BL Okushi, H TI Native defect formation and ionization energies in cadmium telluride SO DEFECT AND IMPURITY ENGINEERED SEMICONDUCTORS AND DEVICES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect and Impurity Engineered Semiconductors and Devices III held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID BROKEN-SYMMETRY APPROACH; CORE-HOLE; CDTE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Deep intrinsic energy levels near the middle of the band gap in CdTe have been reported in a number of experiments. Based on earlier defect-supercell electronic structure calculations, at least some of these features have been attributed to the second ionization level of the Cd vacancy, while the Te-Cd antisite, possibly complexed with a Cd vacancy, has also been suggested to account for some midgap levels. Using high-accuracy LDA calculations with full lattice relaxation out to third neighbors, we find that (i) both acceptor states of the Cd vacancy. are shallow, (ii) the donor states of an isolated Te-Cd are both more than 1 eV above the valence band maximum, (iii) the Te-Cd-V-Cd complex does indeed have acceptor states near midgap in CdTe and probably accounts for the native defect states in that energy range. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jaffe, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bliss, Mary/G-2240-2012 OI Bliss, Mary/0000-0002-7565-4813 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-665-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 719 BP 451 EP 456 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV34P UT WOS:000178622200067 ER PT S AU Burakovsky, L Preston, DL AF Burakovsky, L Preston, DL BE Fisher, DJ TI Shear moduli of silicon and germanium in semiconducting and metallic phases SO DEFECTS AND DIFFUSION IN SEMICONDUCTORS: ANNUAL RETROSPECTIVE V SE Defect and Diffusion Forum LA English DT Article DE germanium; metals; semiconductors; shear modulus; silicon ID FIRST-PRINCIPLES THEORY; PRESSURE; SI; TRANSITION; GPA; GE; ELEMENTS; EQUATION; DYNAMICS; STATE AB The shear moduli, G, of silicon and germanium axe modeled in their semi-conducting cubic diamond and metallic beta-Sn phases at all densities and temperatures. The models axe based on the Preston-Wallace form for the shear modulus, G(rho, T) = G (rho, 0) (1 - delta T/T-m (rho)), where delta is a constant and T-m (rho) is the melting temperature at density rho. The thermal softening coefficient, delta, is fixed by experimental data. In the semi-conducting phases, T-m(rho) is obtained by fitting to data, while in the metallic phases it is constructed on the basis of the Lindemann criterion and a recently developed analytic model of the Gruneisen parameter. In the metallic phases, G(rho, 0) is determined by utilizing the relation G(rho, T-m (rho)) = C rho T-m (rho), where C is a constant, which follows from our theory of dislocation-mediated melting of metals. We argue that our model for the shear modulus of silicon can be applied up to compressions of order 2. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burakovsky, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 BN 3-908450-73-X J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2002 VL 210-2 BP 43 EP 54 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BV78T UT WOS:000180004400005 ER PT J AU Kalyanaraman, R Haynes, TE Venezia, VC Jacobson, DC Gossmann, HJL Rafferty, CS AF Kalyanaraman, R Haynes, TE Venezia, VC Jacobson, DC Gossmann, HJL Rafferty, CS TI Quantitative measurements of vacancy defects in high-energy ion-implanted Si SO DEFECTS AND DIFFUSION IN SEMICONDUCTORS SE DEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM LA English DT Article DE Au labelling; excess vacancies; high-energy implantation ID SILICON; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; CLUSTERS; DAMAGE AB This paper details the quantitative measurement of excess vacancy (V-ex) defects created in Si via high-energy ion implantation. Qualitative evidence for the existence of these defects is predicted by Monte Carlo simulation codes like SRIM and has been confirmed experimentally. These excess defects arise due to the net displacement of the interstitials with respect to vacancies from the Frenkel pairs produced in implant damage cascades. Until recently, the quantitative measurement of vacancies (V), as compared to interstitials (I) in Si has proved to be extremely difficulty. In this work, we present recent experiments that calibrate the Au labeling technique, which can be used to profile vacancy cluster type defects in Si. The calibration, given in terms of the calibration factor, k, gives the relation between the number of vacancies and Au atoms, as obtained to be 1.2+/-0.2. Using k, we have performed unique measurements of the dependence of excess vacancy production on implant ion dose and mass in float zone (FZ) Si(100). These preliminary experiments were compared with simulation using the Monte Carlo code SRIM. The experimental results show that the efficiency of V-ex production increases with increasing mass. The number of V-ex produced per implanted ion is similar to0.0056 for B, 0.048 for Si and 0.19 for Ge. This ability to quantitatively measure vacancies in clusters via the Au labeling technique will further the understanding of damage production and its subsequent evolution under various conditions in ion-implanted Si. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Kalyanaraman, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCITEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI UETIKON-ZUERICH PA UNTERMUHLEWEG 11, CH-8707 UETIKON-ZUERICH, SWITZERLAND J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2002 VL 200-2 BP 177 EP 187 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BT57N UT WOS:000173404600012 ER PT S AU Sweeney, MA AF Sweeney, MA BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI History of z-pinch research in the US SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab ID INSTABILITIES; GENERATORS; PHYSICS; POWER AB Over the years, the scientific community has been fascinated with z pinches. Z-pinch references include papers on the quest for fusion, on applications for radiation effects testing, lithography, x-ray microscopy, and pumping x-ray lasers; and on the production of intense magnetic fields. Because much of the research has been pursued elsewhere-in the USSR, Russia, England, Germany, and Chile, among other countries-we must place the U.S. work in an international context. We assert here that the z pinch is a valuable asset for its applications, chiefly those related to the production of x rays, but it is a tool that has sometimes deceived. us with its seeming simplicity. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sweeney, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600002 ER PT S AU McDaniel, DH Mazarakis, MG Bliss, DE Elizondo, JM Harjes, HC Ives, HC Kitterman, DL Maenchen, JE Pointon, TD Rosenthal, SE Smith, DL Struve, KW Stygar, WA Weinbrecht, EA Johnson, DL Corley, JP AF McDaniel, DH Mazarakis, MG Bliss, DE Elizondo, JM Harjes, HC Ives, HC Kitterman, DL Maenchen, JE Pointon, TD Rosenthal, SE Smith, DL Struve, KW Stygar, WA Weinbrecht, EA Johnson, DL Corley, JP BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI The ZR refurbishment project SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab AB ZR is a refurbished (R) version of Z aiming to improve its overall performance, reliability, precision, pulse shape tailoring and reproducibility. Z, the largest pulsed power machine at Sandia, began in December 1985 as the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II (PBFA II). PBFA II was modified in 1996 to a z-pinch driver by incorporating a high-current (20-MA, 2.5-MV) configuration in the inner similar to 4.5 meter section. Following its remarkable success as z-pinch driver, PBFA 11 was renamed Z in 1997. Currently Z fires 170 to 180 shots a year with a peak load current of the order of 18-20 MA. The maximum z-pinch output achieved to date is 1.6-MJ, 170-TW radiated energy and power from a single 4-cm diameter, 2-cm tall array, and 215 eV temperature from a dynamic hohlraum. ZR in turn will, operating in double shift, enable 400 shots per year, deliver a peak current of 26 MA into a standard 4cm x 2cm Z-pinch load, and should provide a total radiated x-ray energy and power of 3 MJ and 350 TW, respectively, achieve a maximum hohlraum temperature of 260 eV, and include a pulse-shaping flexibility extending from 100ns to 300ns for equation of state and isentropic compression studies. To achieve this performance ZR will incorporate substantial modifications and upgrades to Marx generator, intermediate store capacitors, gas and water switches, water transmission lines and the laser triggering system. Test beds are. already in place; and the new pulsed power components are undergoing extensive evaluation. The Z refurbishment (ZR) will be operational by 2006 and will cost approximately $60M. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McDaniel, DH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600004 ER PT S AU Sanford, TWL Peterson, DL Lemke, RW Mock, RC Chandler, GA Chittenden, JP Chrien, RE Idzorek, GC Leeper, RJ Ruiz, CL Watt, RG AF Sanford, TWL Peterson, DL Lemke, RW Mock, RC Chandler, GA Chittenden, JP Chrien, RE Idzorek, GC Leeper, RJ Ruiz, CL Watt, RG BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI Characteristics and dynamics of a 215-eV dynamic-hohlraum x-ray source on Z SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab ID Z-PINCH; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; WIRE-NUMBER; POWER; ENHANCEMENT AB A radiation source has been developed on the 20-MA Z facility, that produces a high power x-ray pulse (9.7+/-1.8 TW, 52+/-10 kJ), generated primarily from the interior of an imploding dynamic-hohlraum target centered along the z-axis. The radiation pulse, characterized here together with its underlying dynamics, is used for performing radiation-flow and ICF experiments with drive temperatures in excess of 200 eV. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sanford, TWL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600061 ER PT S AU Lindemuth, I Bauer, B Fuelling, S Kirkpatrick, R Makhin, V Presura, R Sheehey, P Siemon, R AF Lindemuth, I Bauer, B Fuelling, S Kirkpatrick, R Makhin, V Presura, R Sheehey, P Siemon, R BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI The inverse Z-pinch as a physics test bed, and a possible target plasma for Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab AB From an overall fusion system perspective, there remains an untested and interesting possibility of compressing a magnetized target plasma with beta greater than unity by a magnetically driven imploding liner, or other target pusher driver. This approach, known as Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF), operates in an intermediate density regime and time scale between magnetic and inertial fusion, which are separated by twelve orders of magnitude. Even if magnetized plasma transport is Bohm-like, fusion gain in the MTF parameter space appears accessible with existing drivers, which means MTF does not require a major financial investment in driver technology. The physics of plasma confinement by material walls, and the thermal transport of magnetized high-beta plasma in the MTF regime, has received relatively little study theoretically, computationally, or experimentally. This paper describes a proposed experiment to test wall confinement in a regime of plasma parameters relevant to MTF. The geometry being considered is an inverse pinch designed to heat plasma to 100-eV temperatures. By using a current crowbar, the plasma formed in the pinch can be held against an outer wall (the return conductor) and the rate of cooling can be measured and compared with predictions from theory and numerical models. The well-benchmarked two-dimensional radiation-MHD code MHRDR, is being used to guide the design activity. The existing 2-terawatt Zebra generator at the Nevada Terawatt Facility is the power supply under consideration. Results from the code show adequate heating, formation of a quasi-static magnetic equilibrium, and a near-classical cooling rate to a room temperature boundary, even in the presence of substantial plasma convection. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lindemuth, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 279 EP 282 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600063 ER PT S AU Lemke, RW Knudson, MD Robinson, AC Haill, TA Struve, KW Mehlhorn, TA Asay, JR AF Lemke, RW Knudson, MD Robinson, AC Haill, TA Struve, KW Mehlhorn, TA Asay, JR BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI Considerations for generating up to 10 Mbar magnetic drive pressures with the refurbished Z-machine (ZR) SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION AB The intense magnetic field generated in the 20 MA Z-machine is used to accelerate flyer plates to high velocity for EOS experiments. A peak magnetic drive pressure on the order of 2 Mbar can be generated, which accelerates an approximately 0.2 g aluminum (Al) disc to 21 km/s. In a planned refurbishment of Z, called ZR, it is expected that up to 26 MA will be delivered to certain loads (e.g., dynamic hohlraums). We have used magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to predict the peak magnetic drive pressure (and flyer velocity) that can be generated in a shock physics load on ZR. MHD simulations show that motion of the electrodes during the rise to peak current significantly increases the load inductance, which limits the peak current to values less than the expected maximum. This reduces the peak drive pressure to a value below what would be estimated using the expected peak current in a static geometry. However, MHD simulations also show that starting with a load geometry that maximizes magnetic flux on one wall of the anode, it is possible to reduce dynamic geometry effects by tapering the rise of the voltage pulse in combination with using a stiff material for the cathode: Simulations predict that peak magnetic pressures of 6 Mbar in Al, and 10 Mbar in tungsten are possible on ZR. In addition, it is predicted that flyer velocities of 40 km/s and larger can be achieved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lemke, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1186, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 299 EP 304 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600068 ER PT S AU Pointon, TD Savage, ME Harjes, HC AF Pointon, TD Savage, ME Harjes, HC BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI 3-D modeling of modifications to the Z accelerator for generating shaped pulses SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab AB One option to temporally shape the power pulse at the load on the Z accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories is timing delays between the 36 pulse-forming lines. However, this can lead to the formation of magnetic nulls in the vacuum section, with the potential for greatly increasing electron losses to-and possibly damaging-the anode. Three-dimensional computer simulations are now being conducted to study this concern. The simulation geometry models a single level of Z, with a radial transmission line driven by nine parallel-plate lines. Every third line is driven early relative to the other six. Results from preliminary runs without particle emission are presented. Voltage and current diagnostics agree quite well with circuit simulations, and spatial field profiles illustrate the evolution of the magnetic nulls in detail. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pointon, TD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 305 EP 308 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600069 ER PT S AU Chittenden, JP Lebedev, SV Cuneo, ME Jennings, CA Ciardi, A AF Chittenden, JP Lebedev, SV Cuneo, ME Jennings, CA Ciardi, A BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI How 3D effects limit X-ray power in wire array Z-pinches SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab AB The effect of the complex 3D structure of imploding wire array Z-pinch plasmas on their X-ray power production is investigated using a 3D resistive MHD code. The break up of the wires at the start of the implosion is found to produce "debris" which shunts the current away from the implosion and limits the level of plasma compression at stagnation and hence the radiative power. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chittenden, JP (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 354 EP 357 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600080 ER PT S AU Rousculp, CL Barnes, DC AF Rousculp, CL Barnes, DC BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI Computational MHD on Lagrangian grids SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab AB Conservative, multidimensional, Lagrangian, staggered-grid hydrodynamics algorithms are well known[1]. Here, these principles are extended to include magnetic fields in the discretized momentum and energy equations. A magnetic vector potential, A, formulation is centered on edges so that the divergence law, del(.)B = 0 is maintained to round-off error. The magnetic field is cellcentered. Magnetic forces from Maxwell's stress tensor are expressed in terms of the field and geometric quantities. This assures momentum and energy conservation. The method is expressed in 3D, but is generalizable to 1 or 2D. Resistive diffusion of the madoes not serve to straighten the azimuthal magnetic field lines [2]. magnetic field is handled by implicit time differencing and is solved by preconditioned, conjugate gradient methods. Multi-material, Z-pinch, test-problems are shown. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rousculp, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600084 ER PT S AU Shlyaptsev, VN Dunn, J Moon, SJ Fournier, KB Osterheld, AL Rocca, JJ Filevich, J Marconi, M Jankowska, E Hammarsten, EC Sakadzic, S Rahman, A Frati, M Tomasel, FG Fornaciari, N Buchenauer, D Bender, HA Karim, S Kanouff, M Dimkoff, J Kubiak, G Shimkaveg, G Silfvast, WT AF Shlyaptsev, VN Dunn, J Moon, SJ Fournier, KB Osterheld, AL Rocca, JJ Filevich, J Marconi, M Jankowska, E Hammarsten, EC Sakadzic, S Rahman, A Frati, M Tomasel, FG Fornaciari, N Buchenauer, D Bender, HA Karim, S Kanouff, M Dimkoff, J Kubiak, G Shimkaveg, G Silfvast, WT BE Davis, J Deeney, C Pereira, NR TI Modeling of capillary discharge plasma for x-ray lasers, XUV lithography and other applications SO DENSE Z-PINCHES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Air Force Res Lab ID FIELD AB It is long ago recognized that Z-pinches represent very natural medium for x-ray lasers (XRL) due to its favorable geometry and achievable high densities and temperatures. They also are very efficient x-ray sources. One of their variants, the capillary discharges, attracted attention of plasma physics researchers for almost two decades. It has been used for hot dense plasma formation and x-ray lasers[ 1,2], for transportation of laser beams and XUV radiation generation in x-ray lithography[3,4], for basic Z-pinch research and some others. The combination of efficiency, simplicity and low cost of capillary electrical discharges allowed to scale capillary x-ray lasers to table-top dimensions. In this paper we show the modeling results for next, 3-4 times shorter wavelength x-ray lasers. As an efficient x-ray source of line and continuum radiation it can be used for many practically important application in science and technology. In particular, the capillary discharge can appear as powerful potential candidate for emerging XUV microlithography. We present here the results of numerical modeling of spectra and density of Xe EUV source which involved plasma heating and dynamics, detailed atomic kinetics and radiation transport and material ablation physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shlyaptsev, VN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0109-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 651 BP 416 EP 419 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BV93X UT WOS:000180455600095 ER PT S AU Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Divan, R DeCarlo, F Yaeger, J AF Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Divan, R DeCarlo, F Yaeger, J BE Mancini, DC TI X-ray lenses fabricated by deep x-ray lithography SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics CY JUL 09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE x-ray lens; x-ray lithography; LIGA; x-ray focusing AB Refractive x-ray lenses have been fabricated using deep x-ray lithography. Lenses were produced directly in 1 to 6-mm-thick sheets of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with as many as 100 cylindrical lenses along the optical axis. The fabrication process consists of exposing the PMMA sheets to high-energy synchrotron radiation through a mask of 50-micron-thick gold on silicon and subsequent development in ketone. The lenses are suitable for use in synchrotron radiation from a bending magnet at the Advanced Photon Source in the energy range of 8-16 keV. Results of measurements of focus quality, flux density gain, and scatter are presented and discussed with regard to the quality of lens material and fabrication method. Means for improving the performance of the lenses is discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Opt Fabricat & Metrol Grp, Expt Facilities Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mancini, DC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Opt Fabricat & Metrol Grp, Expt Facilities Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4550-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4783 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.451021 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78B UT WOS:000179995900004 ER PT S AU Khounsary, A Shastri, SD Mashayekhi, A Macrander, A Smither, R Kraft, FF AF Khounsary, A Shastri, SD Mashayekhi, A Macrander, A Smither, R Kraft, FF BE Mancini, DC TI Fabrication, testing, and performance of a variable-focus x-ray compound lens SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics CY JUL 09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE x-ray optics; focusing; compound x-ray lens; variable focus lens; aluminum extrusion AB Design, fabrication, testing, and performance of an x-ray lens assembly are described. The assembly consists of a number of precisely stacked and aligned parts, each of which is a section of an extruded aluminum piece having 16 parabolic cavities. The wall thickness between adjacent cavities is 0.2 mm. By stacking a number of long, extruded parts and cutting the assembly diagonally, a variable-focus lens system is devised. Moving the lens horizontally allows the incident beam to pass through fewer or more cavities focusing the emerging beam at any desired distance from the lens. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Frank, Kraft/D-3373-2014 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4550-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4783 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1117/12.455689 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78B UT WOS:000179995900006 ER PT S AU Howells, MR Charalambous, P He, H Marcesini, S Spence, JCH AF Howells, MR Charalambous, P He, H Marcesini, S Spence, JCH BE Mancini, DC TI An off-axis zone-plate monochromator for high-power undulator radiation SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics CY JUL 09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE zone plate; monochromator; undulator; diffraction imaging AB We report the design and construction of an off-axis zone-plate monochromator for diffraction-imaging experiments at beam line 9.0.1 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron-radiation facility at Berkeley USA. The device is based on an off-axis zone plate which can be conveniently inserted into or retracted from the beam. We discuss design issues such as the efficiency and spectral purity of the system and the technique for designing heat-tolerant windows for soft x-ray undulator beams. The monochromator functions successfully and good-quality diffractions patterns are being made with the beam it delivers. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Howells, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4550-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4783 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.453809 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78B UT WOS:000179995900008 ER PT S AU Maser, J Lai, B Yun, W Shastri, SD Cai, Z Rodrigues, W Xu, S Trackhtenberg, E AF Maser, J Lai, B Yun, W Shastri, SD Cai, Z Rodrigues, W Xu, S Trackhtenberg, E BE Mancini, DC TI Near-field stacking of zone plates in the x-ray range SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics CY JUL 09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID RESOLUTION AB We use Fresnel zone plates as focusing optics in hard x-ray microprobes at energies typically between 6 and 30 keV. While a spatial resolution close to 0.1 mum can currently be achieved, highest spatial resolution is obtained only at reduced diffraction efficiency due to manufacturing limitations with respect to the aspect ratios of zone plates. To increase the effective thickness of zone plates, we are stacking several identical zone plates on-axis in close proximity. If the zone plates are aligned laterally to within better than an outermost zone width and longitudinally within the optical near-field, they form a single optical element of larger effective thickness and improved efficiency and reduced background from undiffracted radiation. This allows us both to use zone plates of moderate outermost zone width at energies of 30 keV and above, as well as to increase the efficiency of zone plates with small outermost zone widths particularly for the energy range of 6 - 15 keV. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facilities Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maser, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facilities Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4550-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4783 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1117/12.451396 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78B UT WOS:000179995900009 ER PT S AU Divan, R Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Lai, B Assoufid, L Leonard, Q Cerrina, F AF Divan, R Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Lai, B Assoufid, L Leonard, Q Cerrina, F BE Mancini, DC TI Progress in the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio zone plates by soft x-ray lithography SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics CY JUL09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE Fresnel zone plate; high aspect ratio; hard x-rays; soft x-ray lithography ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; RESIST; LENSES AB Fabrication of Fresnel zone plates for the hard x-ray spectral region combines the challenge of high lateral resolution (similar to100 nm) with a large thickness requirement for the phase-shifting material (0.5-3 mum). For achieving a high resolution, the initial mask was fabricated by e-beam lithography and gold electroforming. To prevent the collapse of the structures between the developing and electroforming processes, drying was completely eliminated. Fabrication errors, such as nonuniform gold electroplating and collapse of structures, were systematically analyzed and largely eliminated. We optimized the exposure and developing processes for 950k and 2200k polymethylmethacrylate of different thicknesses and various adhesion promoters. We discuss the effects of these fabrication steps on the zone plate's resolution and aspect ratio. Fresnel zone plates with 110 run outermost zone width, 150 mum diameter, and 1.3 mum gold thickness were fabricated. Preliminary evaluation of the FZPs was done by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The FZP focusing performance was characterized at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM divan@aps.anl.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4550-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4783 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1117/12.451019 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78B UT WOS:000179995900010 ER PT S AU Sinn, H Moldovan, N Said, AH Alp, EE AF Sinn, H Moldovan, N Said, AH Alp, EE BE Mancini, DC TI Development of a two-dimensional focusing faceted X-ray analyzer SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics CY JUL 09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE Inelastic X-ray scattering; two-dimensional bender ID MEV ENERGY RESOLUTION; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present a new concept for an X-ray analyzer for meV-spectroscopy with hard X-rays in the range of 20 keV. The analyzer consists of a F-diameter planar glass disk with about 8000 silicon crystal pixels glued to it. With a spherical bender it is bent to a radius of 6 m. The slope error over a 4"-diameter area is about 0.8 mum. RMS. Used in a spectrometer for inelastic X-ray scattering as an analyzer, an overall energy resolution of 1.0 meV at 25.7 keV and of 1.8 meV at 21.6 keV is obtained. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sinn, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4550-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4783 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.451185 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78B UT WOS:000179995900015 ER PT S AU Moldovan, N Paterson, D Divan, R Mancini, DC Lin, J Nugent, KA McNulty, I AF Moldovan, N Paterson, D Divan, R Mancini, DC Lin, J Nugent, KA McNulty, I BE Mancini, DC TI Fabrication of uniformly redundant arrays and Young's slits for coherence measurements in X-rays SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics CY JUL 09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE microfabrication; lithography; electroforming; diffraction; coherence; x-rays; synchrotron radiation AB We have perfected a micromachining technology based on microlithography and electroforming for producing uniformly redundant arrays (URA) and Young's slits for coherence measurements in synchrotron radiation beamlines. The structures may act as absorbent objects or as phase objects. Two microfabrication techniques were used. Optical lithography in thin photoresists followed by gold electroforming on silicon nitride membranes produced structures 0.5-2.0 mum thick. Soft x-ray lithography in thick resists using the structures produced by optical lithography as a mask, followed by gold electroforming, produced structures up to 6.3 mum thick. Young s slits, one dimensional (ID), and two dimensional (2D) URA structures with feature sizes as small as 1 mum were produced in this way and used for coherence measurements in the soft and hard x-ray regimes at the Advanced Photon Source. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Divan, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012 OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4550-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4783 BP 165 EP 175 DI 10.1117/12.451017 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78B UT WOS:000179995900020 ER PT S AU Tobin, KW Lakhani, F Karnowski, TP AF Tobin, KW Lakhani, F Karnowski, TP BE Starikov, A Tobin, KW TI An industry survey of automatic defect classification technologies, methods, and performance SO DESIGN, PROCESS INTEGRATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION FOR MICROELECTRONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design, Process Integration, and Characterization for Microelectronics CY MAR 06-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE DE automatic defect classification; industry survey; yield leaming; inspection; semiconductor manufacturing; process characterization; control ID SEMICONDUCTOR AB To be productive and profitable in a modem semiconductor fabrication environment, large amounts of manufacturing data must be collected, analyzed, and maintained. This data is increasingly being used to design new processes, control and maintain tools, and to provide the information needed for rapid yield learning and prediction. Towards this end, a significant level of investment has been made over the past decade to bring to maturity viable technologies for Automatic Defect Classification (ADC) as a means of automating the recognition and analysis of defect imagery captured during in-line inspection and off-line review. ADC has been developed to provide automation of the tedious manual inspection processes associated with defect review. Although significant advances have been achieved in the capabilities of ADC systems today, concerns continue to persist regarding effective integration, maintenance, and usability of commercial ADC technologies. During the Summer of 2001, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and International SEMATECH performed an industry survey of eight major semiconductor device manufacturers to address the issues of ADC integration, usability, and maintenance for the various in-line inspection and review applications available today. The purpose of the survey was to determine and prioritize those issues that inhibit the effective adoption, integration, and application of ADC technology in today's fabrication environment. In this paper, we will review the various ADC technologies available to the semiconductor industry today and discuss the results of the survey. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4439-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4692 BP 46 EP 53 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18J UT WOS:000178076700005 ER PT S AU Gleason, SS Ferrell, RK Karnowski, TP Tobin, KW AF Gleason, SS Ferrell, RK Karnowski, TP Tobin, KW BE Starikov, A Tobin, KW TI Detection of semiconductor defects using a novel fractal encoding algorithm SO DESIGN, PROCESS INTEGRATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION FOR MICROELECTRONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design, Process Integration, and Characterization for Microelectronics CY MAR 06-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor defect detection; fractal encoding; active contours; snakes; data reduction; computer vision AB This paper introduces a new non-referential defect detection (NRDD) algorithm for application to digital images of semiconductor wafers acquired during the manufacturing process. This new algorithm is composed of two major steps: (1) defect detection via the use of fractal image encoding and (2) enhanced defect boundary delineation using active contours. One primary application for this technology is the redetection of defects within archived databases of historical defect imagery. Defect images are commonly stored by semiconductor manufacturers for future diagnostic purposes, but reference (golden) images are usually unavailable. The ability to automatically redetect a defect is crucial in an automated diagnostic system that uses the historical defect images for defect sourcing. Results are presented for four large data sets of semiconductor images. Three of these data sets are composed of scanning-electron microscope (SEM) images and the fourth contains optical microscope images. Performance criteria were created that score the NRDD segmentation result as a percentage based on a comparison to a manually outlined version of the defect. The overall NRDD score across all four databases ranged from 50% to 84% using the same set of manually-determined parameters on all images within each database. By using an automated parameter setting algorithm these performance values improved to 57% to 92%. The NRDD algorithm performance depends, in part, on the size of the defect and the level of complexity of the background of the semiconductor image. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gleason, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 3500,MS 6010, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4439-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4692 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.475642 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18J UT WOS:000178076700007 ER PT S AU Karnowski, TP Tobin, KW Ferrell, RK Jatko, WB Lakhani, F AF Karnowski, TP Tobin, KW Ferrell, RK Jatko, WB Lakhani, F BE Starikov, A Tobin, KW TI Using an image retrieval system for image data management SO DESIGN, PROCESS INTEGRATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION FOR MICROELECTRONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design, Process Integration, and Characterization for Microelectronics CY MAR 06-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE DE content-based image retrieval; data management; defect detection AB Images of semiconductor defects are maintained in semiconductor yield-management systems to help diagnose problems that arise during the manufacturing process. A common problem in future systems is the number of images to maintain, which is increasing at an alarming rate due to the growing use of in-line and off-line imaging systems. A manufacturing-specific content-based image retrieval system, or Automated Image Retrieval (AIR) system, was developed by ORNL in coordination with International SEMATECH during 1998-1999. The system uses commercial databases to store image information and uses a customized indexing technology to rapidly retrieve similar images based on visual content. In addition to acting as a yield management tool based on storing and retrieving images, the system can be utilized as a tool for data management by helping determine when images are redundant in relation to previously stored data. Ideally this information can be used to time-stamp the data for future purging based on a variety of ratings such as "long-term", "mid-term", and "short-term". In some situations the feedback from the AIR system can even be used to omit the image entirely based on pre-existing close matches. In this paper we explore techniques for using the AIR system to assist in image data management. Experimental results are shown with simulated image data representing various degrees of image clustering or redundancy, and manufacturing image data accumulated during earlier field-testing of the AIR system at industry sites. Early results indicate substantial reductions in the size of industry databases may be achievable while continuing to maintain an adequate representation and history of the manufacturing process. To reduce the number of stored images, AIR technology can be used in place of, or as a guide for, the typical "store for N months and purge" approach to image management. This approach will enhance the use of the image database, since the real bottleneck in such a procedure is the need to sort such massive amounts of stored data as opposed to actual disk space. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Karnowski, TP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Escarabajal, Juan Antonio/C-5644-2012 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4439-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4692 BP 120 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.475648 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV18J UT WOS:000178076700013 ER PT S AU Rodacy, PJ Bender, SFA Bromenshenk, JJ Henderson, CB Bender, G AF Rodacy, PJ Bender, SFA Bromenshenk, JJ Henderson, CB Bender, G BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI The training and deployment of honeybees to detect explosives and other agents of harm SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE honeybee; bee; explosives; detection; environmental; landmines; training; explosive detection; stand-off detection AB Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has been collaborating with the University of Montana's (UM) engineered honeybee colony research under the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Controlled Biological and Biomimetric Systems (CBBS) program. Prior work has shown that the monitoring of contaminants that are returned to a hive by honeybees (Apis mellifera) provides a rapid, inexpensive method to assess chemical distributions and environmental impacts. Members from a single colony make many tens of thousands of foraging trips per day over areas as large as 2 km(2). During these foraging trips, the insects are in direct contact with most environmental media (air, water, plants, and soil) and, in the process, encounter contaminants in gaseous, liquid and particulate form. These contaminants are carried back to the hive where analysis can be conveniently conducted. Three decades of work by UM and other investigators has demonstrated that honeybees can effectively and rapidly screen large areas for the presence of a wide array of chemical contaminants and for the effects of exposures to these chemicals. Recently, UM has been exploring how bee-based environmental measurements can be used to quantify risks to humans or ecosystems. The current DARPA program extends this work to the training of honeybees to actively search for contaminants such as the explosive residue that is being released by buried landmines. UM developed the methods to train bees to detect explosives and chemical agent surrogates. Sandia provided the explosives expertise, test facilities, electronics support, and state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation. We will present an overview of the training procedures, test parameters employed, and a summary of the results of field trials that were performed in Montana and at DARPA field trials in San Antonio, TX. Data showing the detection limits of the insects will be included. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodacy, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 474 EP 481 DI 10.1117/12.479119 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200046 ER PT S AU Phelan, JM Barnett, JL AF Phelan, JM Barnett, JL BE Broach, JT Harmon, RS Dobeck, GJ TI Chemical sensing thresholds for mine detection dogs SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE landmine detection; chemical sensing; mine detection dogs; vapor sensing thresholds; soil physics ID EXPLOSIVES; SIGNATURES AB Mine detection dogs have been found to be an effective method to locate buried landmines. The capabilities of the canine olfaction method are from a complex combination of training and inherent capacity of the dog for odor detection. The purpose of this effort was to explore the detection thresholds of a limited group of dogs that were trained specifically for landmine detection. Soils were contaminated with TNT and 2,4-DNT to develop chemical vapor standards to present to the dogs. Soils contained ultra trace levels of TNT and DNT, which produce extremely low vapor levels. Three groups of dogs were presented the headspace vapors from the contaminated soils in work environments for each dog group. One positive sample was placed among several that contained clean soils and, the location and vapor source (strength, type) was frequently changed. The detection thresholds for the dogs were determined from measured and extrapolated dilution of soil chemical residues and, estimated soil vapor values using phase partitioning relationships. The results showed significant variances in dog sensing thresholds, where some dogs could sense the lowest levels and others had trouble with even the highest source. The remarkable ultra-trace levels detectable by the dogs are consistent with the ultra-trace chemical residues derived from buried landmines; however, poor performance may go unnoticed without periodic challenge tests at levels consistent with performance requirements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phelan, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4492-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4742 BP 532 EP 543 DI 10.1117/12.479126 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54P UT WOS:000179321200052 ER PT J AU Kelly, WG Schaner, CE Dernburg, AF Lee, MH Kim, SK Villeneuve, AM Reinke, V AF Kelly, WG Schaner, CE Dernburg, AF Lee, MH Kim, SK Villeneuve, AM Reinke, V TI X-chromosome silencing in the germline of C-elegans SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE C. elegans; germline; silencing; X-inactivation; histone modifications; gametogenesis ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HISTONE H3; POLYCOMB GROUP; MALE MEIOSIS; DROSOPHILA; GENE; SEX; EXPRESSION; BODY AB Germline maintenance in the nematode C elegans requires global repressive mechanisms that involve chromatin organization. During meiosis, the X chromosome in both sexes exhibits a striking reduction of histone modifications that correlate with transcriptional activation when compared with the genome as a whole. The histone modification spectrum on the X chromosome corresponds with a lack of transcriptional competence, as measured by reporter transgene arrays. The X chromosome in XO males is structurally analogous to the sex body in mammals, contains a histone modification associated with 479 heterochromatin in other species and is inactivated throughout meiosis. The synapsed X chromosomes in hermaphrodites also appear to be silenced in early meiosis, but genes on the X chromosome are detectably expressed at later stages of oocyte meiosis. Silencing of the sex chromosome during early meiosis is a conserved feature throughout the nematode phylum, and is not limited to hermaphroditic species. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kelly, WG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. OI Dernburg, Abby/0000-0001-8037-1079 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM063310, F32 GM019975, GM043077, GM053804, GM19975, GM63310, R01 GM043977, R01 GM053804, R01 GM063102] NR 59 TC 194 Z9 199 U1 0 U2 7 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD JAN PY 2002 VL 129 IS 2 BP 479 EP 492 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 520BB UT WOS:000173759100019 PM 11807039 ER PT S AU De Carlo, F Albee, P Chu, YS Mancini, DC Tieman, B Wang, SY AF De Carlo, F Albee, P Chu, YS Mancini, DC Tieman, B Wang, SY BE Bonse, U TI High-throughput real-time x-ray microtomography at the Advanced Photon Source SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography CY AUG 02-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray microtomography; real-time; parallel processing ID SYSTEM AB It is now possible for large volumes of synchrotron-radiation-generated micro-tomography data to be produced at gigabyte-per-minute rates, especially when using currently available CCD cameras at a high-brightness source, such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Recent improvements in the speed of our detectors and stages, combined with increased photon flux supplied by a newly installed double multilayer monochromator, allow us to achieve these data rates on a bending magnet beamline. Previously, most x-ray microtomography experiments have produced data at comparatively lower rates, and often the data were analyzed after the experiment. The time needed to generate complete data sets meant putting off analysis to the completion of a run, thus preventing the user from evaluating the usefulness of a data set and consequently impairing decision making during data acquisition as to how to proceed. Thus, the ability to provide to a tomography user a fully reconstructed data set in few minutes is one of the major problems to be solved when dealing with high-throughput x-ray tomography. This is due to the complexity of the data analysis that involves data preprocessing, sinogram generation, 3D reconstruction, and rendering. At the APS, we have developed systems and techniques to address this issue. We present a method that uses a cluster-based, parallel-computing system based on the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard. Among the advantages of this approach are the portability, ease-of-use, and low cost of the system. The combination of high-speed, online analysis with high-throughput acquisition allows us to acquire and reconstruct a 512x512x512-voxel sample with a few microns resolution in less than ten minutes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP De Carlo, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Av, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4217-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4503 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1117/12.452840 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BU16C UT WOS:000175177400001 ER PT S AU Schneider, G Knochel, C Vogt, S Weiss, D Anderson, E AF Schneider, G Knochel, C Vogt, S Weiss, D Anderson, E BE Bonse, U TI Nanotomography of labelled cryogenic cells SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography CY AUG 02-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray imaging; zone plates; cryo technique; computed tomography; protein mapping ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; TOMOGRAPHY AB By employing the natural absorption contrast of organic matter in water at 0.5 keV photon energy, X-ray microcopy has resolved 30 run structures in animal cells. To protect the cells from radiation damage caused by x-rays, imaging of the samples was performed at cryogenic temperatures, which makes it possible to take multiple images of a single cell. Due to the small numerical aperture of zone plates, X-ray objectives have a depth of focus on the order of several microns. By treating the X-ray microscopic images as projections of the sample absorption, computed tomography (CT) can be performed. Since cryogenic biological samples are resistant to radiation damage, it is possible to reconstruct frozen-hydrated cells imaged with a full-field X-ray microscope. This approach is used to obtain three-dimensional information about the location of specific proteins in cells. To localize proteins in cells, immunolabelling with strongly X-ray absorbing nanoparticles was performed. With the new tomography apparatus developed for the X-ray microscope XM-1 installed at the ALS, we have performed tomography of immunolabelled frozen-hydrated cells to detect protein distributions in all three dimensions inside of cells. As a first example, the distribution of the nuclear protein, male specific lethal I (MSL-1) in the Drosophila melanogaster cell was studied. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schneider, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4217-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4503 BP 156 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.452839 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BU16C UT WOS:000175177400017 ER PT J AU Corrigan, TD Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Zapol, P Chang, RPH AF Corrigan, TD Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Zapol, P Chang, RPH TI The effect of nitrogen addition to Ar/CH4 plasmas on the growth, morphology and field emission of ultrananocrystalline diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; plasma; ultrananocrystalline diamond ID VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; THIN-FILMS AB The effect of the addition of nitrogen to plasmas during the CVD growth of diamond films on field emission properties has been studied. Ultrananocrystalline diamond with 5-15 nm grain size has been grown with the incorporation of nitrogen up to 8 x 10(20) atoms/cm(3). Field emission onsets as low as 2 V/mum have been achieved. UV Raman and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements show an increase in the sp(2) content in the films with nitrogen in the plasma compared to films without N-2 addition. A model is discussed in which the nitrogen preferentially enters the grain boundaries and promotes sp(2) bonding in the neighboring carbon atoms. The increase in the sp(2) content appears to improve the field emission properties of the films. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Corrigan, TD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chang, R.P.H/B-7505-2009; Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 22 TC 101 Z9 109 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00517-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 517CM UT WOS:000173593600007 ER PT S AU Kemme, SA Warren, ME Sweatt, WC Wendt, JR Peters, DW Hadley, GR Carter, TR Samora, S Peterson, DW Geib, KM AF Kemme, SA Warren, ME Sweatt, WC Wendt, JR Peters, DW Hadley, GR Carter, TR Samora, S Peterson, DW Geib, KM BE Magnusson, R TI Moving diffractive optical elements from stand-alone components into micro-optical systems SO DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS AND MICRO-OPTICS, PROCEEDINGS VOLUME SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Topical Meeting on Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ ID ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; GRATINGS AB Three Sandia National Laboratories programs are presented to illustrate ways that system considerations modify integrated diffractive optical element (DOE) material choices, layout configurations, and ultimately DOE component performance. In the liquid phase mu ChemLab (TM) project, an optimal substrate material is identified for both the optical and chemical functions. An additional material is needed to satisfy the bonding and metalization requirements of the electrical function. Incorporating a resonant subwavelength grating (RSG) into a limited extent array format results in a reduced peak efficiency, as expected. Even so, the narrow spectral FWHM and the low sidebands are maintained. The meso-/micro-optical system interface coupling schemes present solutions to efficient optical coupling, through self-alignment, while simultaneously satisfying electrical and mechanical functions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kemme, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-710-5 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2002 VL 75 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCU28 UT WOS:000231245800023 ER PT S AU Sweatt, WC Christenson, TR AF Sweatt, WC Christenson, TR BE Magnusson, R TI Fabrication of micro-optical systems with deep x-ray lithography SO DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS AND MICRO-OPTICS, PROCEEDINGS VOLUME SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Topical Meeting on Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ AB Preassembled, prealigned microlens systems have been fabricated in PMMA using Deep X-ray Lithography (DXRL)(1). These systems consist of crossed cylindrical lenses with approximate to 0.3-mm apertures. Lithographically defined masks and two exposures from a synchrotron beam can produce arrays of micro-imagers, micro-spectrometers, etc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-710-5 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2002 VL 75 BP 140 EP 142 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCU28 UT WOS:000231245800029 ER PT S AU Peters, DW Kemme, SA Hadley, GR AF Peters, DW Kemme, SA Hadley, GR BE Magnusson, R TI Low-sideband resonant subwavelength grating array design SO DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS AND MICRO-OPTICS, PROCEEDINGS VOLUME SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Topical Meeting on Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ ID FILTERS AB We describe a systematic method for the design of arrayed resonant subwavelength gratings. The resulting design has a peak reflectance of unity at 850nm with a spectral bandwidth of 1.66nm, and sideband reflectivity under 0.035 over a range of 300nm when analyzed with rigorous coupled wave analysis. It is shown that variation in grating period results in a linear shift of the resonant frequency, thus allowing for easy fabrication of a monolithic array of pixels with discrete resonant wavelengths. Finite-extent gratings are then investigated using a finite difference method to determine the effect on sideband and resonant reflectivities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peters, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-710-5 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2002 VL 75 BP 290 EP 295 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCU28 UT WOS:000231245800056 ER PT S AU Rohwer, JA Abdallah, CT El-Osery, A AF Rohwer, JA Abdallah, CT El-Osery, A BE Rao, RM Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Power control algorithms in wireless communications SO DIGITAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digital Wireless Communications IV CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEMS; SIR-ESTIMATION; CDMA; PERFORMANCE; CONVERGENCE; ENVIRONMENT; FRAMEWORK; CAPACITY; NETWORKS AB This paper presents a comprehensive review of the published algorithms on power control for cellular systems. The majority of the research is focused on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, although a small fraction of the reviewed literature pertains to Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rohwer, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0986, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4490-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4740 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1117/12.472963 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BV08Q UT WOS:000177782000016 ER PT S AU Kelly, JF Disselkamp, RS Sams, RL Blake, TA Sharpe, SW Richter, DA Fried, A AF Kelly, JF Disselkamp, RS Sams, RL Blake, TA Sharpe, SW Richter, DA Fried, A BE Fried, A TI Optimization of cw-QC lasers for Doppler and sub-Doppler molecular spectroscopy SO DIODE LASERS AND APPLICATIONS IN ATMOSPHERIC SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diode Lasers and Applications in Atmospheric Sensing CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ Coll Sci, Washington State Univ Coll Engn, Washington State Univ Coll Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol DE QC-lasers; infrared absorption spectroscopy; sub-Doppler saturation spectroscopy; Doppler-spectroscopy; atmospheric chemistry; infrared diode lasers; AM-pulsation dips; nitric oxide; methyl iodide ID FREQUENCY-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY; CASCADE LASERS; CAVITY; NOISE AB Inter-subband (Type 1) quantum-cascade (QC) lasers have shown the potential to generate tunable mid-IR radiation with narrow intrinsic linewidths (< 160 KHz in 15 mSec sweeps) and excellent amplitude stability (< 3 ppm averaged over minutes). Our bench-scale efforts to develop the Type I distributed feedback (DFB)-QC lasers for fieldable atmospheric chemistry campaigns, where multipass (Herriot or White) cells are used to enhance path-length, have not yet realized performance to the low intrinsic noise levels seen in these devices. By comparison, many operational systems' levels of noise-equivalent-absorbance (NEA) using Pb-salt lasers can routinely achieve at least one-order of magnitude better cw-performance, and with much lower powers. We have found that instability effects from weak back-scattered laser light -primarily from the Herriot cell- results in feedback-implicated technical noise well above the thermal and shot-noise of standard IR detectors. Of more fundamental concern is the fact that planar-stripe DFB-QC lasers undergo beam steering and transverse spatial-mode competitions during current tuning. It is the variability of the spatial-mode competitions and beam pointing that really cause practical concerns when considering the development of fully automated sub-ppbV sensitive IR chem-sensors. It is possible to reach low-ppm levels of absorptance change-detection (DeltaI/I-0) over small wavelength regions with careful alignment to 100 M Herriott cells, but extreme care in spatial filtering is critical. However in the case of optical configurations which preclude significant optical feedback and need for stringent mode coupling alignments, the cw-DFB-QC lasers show great promise to do high resolution sub-Doppler spectroscopy. By serendipitous events, a variant of 'mode- or level-crossing' spectroscopy was probably rediscovered, which may allow very high resolution, sub-Doppler features and/or hyperfine alignments to be probed with 'uni-directional' topologies. We will primarily discuss the basic features of this 'uni-directional' sub-Doppler spectroscopy concept in this report. It shows potential to be exploitable in multi-pass cells or ring configurations. The phenomena of saturation 'dips' in molecular transitions appear to be very accessible with sinusoidally current-modulated DFB-QC lasers. Observations of sub-Doppler structures, either induced by residual AM 'pulsation dips' and/or hyperfine level-crossing effects (due to weak Zeeman splittings by the earth's B-field) can be recovered with good contrast. If this phenomena is indeed implicated with long-lived coherent hyperfine alignments, due perhaps to coherent population trapping in 'dark-states,' then sub-Doppler signals from saturated 'level-crossings' can potentially be seen without recourse to expensive polarization optics, nor elaborate beam shaping and isolation techniques. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kelly, JF (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4585-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4817 BP 43 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.452124 PG 30 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BV36S UT WOS:000178711700006 ER PT S AU Blake, TA Kelly, JF Stewart, TL Hartman, JS Sharpe, SW Sams, RL AF Blake, TA Kelly, JF Stewart, TL Hartman, JS Sharpe, SW Sams, RL BE Fried, A TI Absorption spectroscopy in hollow-glass waveguides using infrared diode lasers SO DIODE LASERS AND APPLICATIONS IN ATMOSPHERIC SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diode Lasers and Applications in Atmospheric Sensing CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ Coll Sci, Washington State Univ Coll Engn, Washington State Univ Coll Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington Coll Engn, Univ Washington Ctr Nanotechnol DE hollow-glass waveguide; infrared absorption spectroscopy; infrared diode laser; broadband FM spectroscopy; nitric oxide; ethylene ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; WAVE-GUIDES AB Hollow-glass waveguides may be a viable technology that, in some cases, may supplant heavier multi-pass cells such as White or Herriott cells for performing trace detection using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. We report here a series of experiments for testing the suitability of waveguides for infrared spectroscopy. The loss characteristics of I nun bore diameter waveguides have been measured for straight and coiled lengths. The minimum linear loss coefficient is 0.46 (+/- 0.10) dB/m while the bending loss coefficient is 0.42 dB. Using a flow of 1 ppm nitric oxide in nitrogen mixture through a coiled 3 meter length of waveguide (coil diameter 50 cm) we could detect the fundamental R(8.5), Omega = 3/2 transition of NO with a signal-to-noise (RMS) ratio of 44:1 in direct absorption using a single mode, lead-salt diode laser with six minutes of signal averaging. Using direct absorption spectroscopy we have found that the absorption pathlength is approximately equal to the physical length of the waveguide. Broadband FM diode laser spectroscopy produces for the same transition and waveguide sample conditions a comparable signal-to-noise ratio with less than a second of signal averaging. Finally, we have also performed near-infrared spectroscopy of nitrous oxide flowing through a waveguide using a telecommunications diode laser. The RMS baseline noise for these measurements, in absorbance units, was 2 x 10(-5). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Blake, TA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4585-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4817 BP 216 EP 232 DI 10.1117/12.453761 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BV36S UT WOS:000178711700023 ER PT J AU Collier, TL Lecomte, R McCarthy, TJ Meikle, S Ruth, TJ Scopinaro, F Signore, A VanBrocklin, H Van de Wiele, C Waterhouse, RN AF Collier, TL Lecomte, R McCarthy, TJ Meikle, S Ruth, TJ Scopinaro, F Signore, A VanBrocklin, H Van de Wiele, C Waterhouse, RN TI Assessment of cancer-associated biomarkers by positron emission tomography: Advances and challenges SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Review ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE; CELL LUNG-CANCER; FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; IN-VIVO EVALUATION; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; ANIMAL PET SCANNER; WHOLE-BODY PET; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; HUMAN RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-1 AB Positron emission tomography (PET) provides a powerful means to non-invasively image and quantify protein expression and biochemical changes in living subjects at nano- and picomolar levels. As the field of molecular imaging develops, and as advances in the biochemistry, pharmacology, therapeutics, and molecular biology of disease are made, there is a corresponding increase in the number of clinically relevant, novel disease-associated biomarkers that are brought to the attention of those developing imaging probes for PET. In addition, due to the high specificity of the PET radiotracers being developed, there is a demand for PET cameras with higher sensitivity and resolution. This manuscript reviews advances over the past five years in clinical and pre-clinical PET instrumentation and in new PET probes and imaging methods associated with the latest trends in the molecular imaging of cancer. Included in the PET tracer review is a description of new radioligands for steroid receptors, growth factor receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, sigma receptors, tumor-associated enzymes, gene reporter probes, markers for tumor hypoxia and metabolism, and sites associated with angiogenesis and cellular proliferation. The use of PET imaging in drug development, including the monitoring of cancer chemotherapy, also is discussed. C1 PETNET Pharmaceut, N Wales, PA USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Med Nucl & Radiobiol, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. Univ British Columbia, UBC TRIUMF PET Program, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Pharmacia, Peapack, NJ USA. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept PET & Nucl Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Nucl Med, Rome, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Hosp Ghent, Div Nucl Med, Ghent, Belgium. RP Waterhouse, RN (reprint author), New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Dept Psychiat, 1051 Riverside Dr,Box 126, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM rnw7@columbia.edu RI Signore, Alberto/E-5812-2010; Meikle, Steven/A-5470-2009; OI Meikle, Steven/0000-0001-7397-0364; Scopinaro, Francesco/0000-0003-1924-3005; LECOMTE, Roger/0000-0002-8541-0783 NR 339 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5-6 BP 211 EP 247 PG 37 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 761QP UT WOS:000187919700002 PM 14646039 ER PT J AU Babich, LP Donskoy, EN Zelenskii, KF Il'kaev, RI Kutsyk, IM Loiko, TV Roussel-Dupre, RA AF Babich, LP Donskoy, EN Zelenskii, KF Il'kaev, RI Kutsyk, IM Loiko, TV Roussel-Dupre, RA TI Observation of the initial stage in the development of an avalanche of relativistic runaway electrons under normal atmospheric conditions SO DOKLADY PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIONOSPHERIC PULSE PAIRS; AIR-BREAKDOWN; THUNDERSTORM; SPRITES C1 All Russia Sci Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607188, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Babich, LP (reprint author), All Russia Sci Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Pr Mira 37, Sarov 607188, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PUBL PI MELVILLE PA C/O AMERICAN INST PHYSICS, 2 HUNTINGTON QUANDRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1028-3358 J9 DOKL PHYS JI Dokl. Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1134/1.1450650 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Mechanics; Physics GA 526PW UT WOS:000174139700001 ER PT J AU Rusch, GM Garrett, R Tobin, P Falke, E Lu, PY AF Rusch, GM Garrett, R Tobin, P Falke, E Lu, PY TI The development of acute exposure guideline levels for hazardous substances SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Natl Res Counil, Natl Acad Sci ID HISTORY AB The National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances (NAC/AEGL) was created to develop guideline levels for short-term exposures to airborne concentrations for approximately 400-500 high priority, acutely hazardous substances. The program should be completed within the next 10 years. These Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) are being applied to a wide range of planning, response, and prevention applications both within the United States and abroad. The NAC/AEGL Committee seeks to develop the most scientifically credible, acute (short-term) exposure guideline levels possible within the constraints of data availability, resources and time. The program begins with comprehensive data gathering, data evaluation and data summarization. The resulting Technical Support Documents (TSD) are first reviewed by a small review committee; (chemical manager, two chemical reviewers and the author), then, by the full AEGL committee. After that review, a summary is published in the Federal Register for Public comment. When these comments have been addressed, the TSDs are sent to the National Research Council's (NRC) Subcommittee on AEGLs for a peer review. Following acceptance by the NRC, they are published by the Academy. The NAC/AEGL Committee currently comprises representatives of federal, state, and local agencies and representatives from France, Germany, and the Netherlands, private industry, medicine, academia and other organizations in the private sector that will derive programmatic or operational benefits from the existence of the AEGL values. AEGL values are determined for three different health effect end-points. These values are intended for the general public where they are applicable to emergency (accidental) situations. Threshold exposure values are developed for five exposure periods (10 and 30 min, I h, 4 h, 8 h). Each threshold value is distinguished by varying degrees of severity of toxic effects, as initially conceived by the American Industrial Hygiene Association's Emergency Response Planning Committee, subsequently defined in the NAS' National Research Council publication of the Guideline for Developing Community Emergency Exposure Levels for Hazardous Substances and further categorized in the Standing Operating Procedures of the NAC/AEGL Committee. To date, the committee has reviewed almost 100 chemicals. C1 Honeywell, Morristown, NJ 07962 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Rusch, GM (reprint author), Honeywell, 101 Columbia Rd, Morristown, NJ 07962 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1081/DCT-120014786 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 600QF UT WOS:000178401800002 PM 12378946 ER PT J AU Bleasby, K Mohrenweiser, HW Pritchard, JB AF Bleasby, K Mohrenweiser, HW Pritchard, JB TI Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human organic anion transporter hOAT1 SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th North-American-International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics Meeting CY OCT 27-31, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP N Amer Int Soc Study Xenobiot C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2002 VL 34 SU 1 MA 165 BP 83 EP 83 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 609WC UT WOS:000178927200165 ER PT J AU Adapa, PK Sokhansanj, S Schoenau, GJ AF Adapa, PK Sokhansanj, S Schoenau, GJ TI Performance study of a re-circulating cabinet dryer using a household dehumidifier SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE batch drying; continuous drying; heat pump; low temperature drying; SMER ID HEAT-PUMP; SIMULATION; MODEL AB The performance and operating characteristics of a low temperature re-circulating cabinet dryer using a dehumidifier loop were studied using alfalfa. Chopped alfalfa, initially at 70% moisture content, was dried to 10% moisture content in the dryer. Two dryer setups were used. The dryers in each case had a partitioned cabinet with trays of material on one side and a stack of one or two small household dehumidifiers on the other side, Air was re-circulated through the material from bottom to the top and back through the dehumidifiers. Two drying configurations were tested. In one, the material was left on the trays until drying was complete (batch or fixed tray drying). In the other configuration, the trays were moved from top to bottom, introducing a new tray at the top while removing an old tray from bottom. Drying air temperature ranged from 25 to 45degreesC. The average air velocity through the material was 0.38 m/s. Alfalfa chops dried in 5 h in the fixed tray drying and in 411 in the moving tray drying. The specific moisture extraction rate ranged from 0.35 to 1.02 kg/kWh for batch drying and stayed at an average value of 0.50 kg/kWh for continuous/moving tray drying. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Engn, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Adapa, PK (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Engn, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-3937 EI 1532-2300 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1673 EP 1689 DI 10.1081/DRT-120015407 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 595WX UT WOS:000178132500009 ER PT S AU Dmitriev, A Popov, G Degtyarev, V Chudnenko, S Reeves, G AF Dmitriev, A Popov, G Degtyarev, V Chudnenko, S Reeves, G BE Russell, CT Savin, S Kruglanski, M TI Mini-belt as a fine spatial structure of the outer radiation belt in quiet and disturbed conditions SO DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE CRITICAL MAGNETOSPHERIC REGIONS AND RADIATION BELT MODELS, PROCEEDINGS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D3 5/PSRBI Symposium of the COSPAR Scientific Commission D held at the 33rd COSPAR Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Comm Space Res, Int Higher Educ Acad Sci, MI Bank ID ELECTRON-FLUXES; GEOSTATIONARY AB Electron flux data from LANL geostationary spacecrafts were statistically treated and ordered in a special magnetic coordinate system (effective L-coordinate and MLT). The data treating procedure allowed to obtain the dynamics of quasi-trapped electrons of different energies on effective L-shells ranging from 6.6 to 7.0. It was found that in quiet conditions a stable fine spatial structure of quasi-trapped electrons exists with maximum of fluxes near L = 6.78 and MLT=12. This structure may be looked at as an asymmetrical "mini-belt". The position of the maximum depends on electron energy and changes with magnetic activity. The dynamics of this mini-belt for both quiet and disturbed periods is illustrated and discussed. During isolated magnetic storms the mini-belt maximum shifts in a regular manner outward and inward; a diffusion wave of quasi-trapped particles propagates from outside of the geostationary orbit and serves as a source of new particles for the mini-belt The azimuthal geometry of this diffusion wave extracted from experimental data is illustrated. The possible role of the "mini-belt" is discussed in relation with well-known "anomalous" dynamics of the inner radiation belt. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Irkutsk State Econ Acad, Irkutsk 664015, Russia. Inst Solar Terrestrial Phys, Irkutsk 664033, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dmitriev, A (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. RI Dmitriev, Alexei/J-6161-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Dmitriev, Alexei/0000-0001-8038-251X; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2855 EP 2859 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00717-2 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)80434-3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW04V UT WOS:000180725900031 ER PT S AU del-Castillo-Negrete, D AF del-Castillo-Negrete, D BE Dauxois, T Ruffo, S Arimondo, E Wilkens, M TI Dynamics and self-consistent chaos in a mean field Hamiltonian model SO DYNAMICS AND THERMODYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS WITH LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Systems with Long-Range Interactions CY FEB 18-22, 2002 CL LES HOUCHES, FRANCE SP CNRS, Dept Sci Phys & Math, European Sci Fdn, Conseil Reg Rhones Alpes ID MARGINALLY STABLE PLASMAS; WAVE; TRANSITION; SHEAR; PERTURBATIONS; INSTABILITY; EVOLUTION; MECHANICS; REGIME; BEAM AB We study a mean field Hamiltonian model that describes the collective dynamics of marginally stable fluids and plasmas in the finite N and N --> infinity kinetic limit (where N is the number of particles). The linear stability of equilibria in the kinetic model is studied as well as the initial value problem including Landau damping. Numerical simulations show the existence of coherent, rotating dipole states. We approximate the dipole as two macroparticles and show that the N = 2 limit has a family of rotating integrable solutions that provide an accurate description of the dynamics. We discuss the role of self-consistent Hamiltonian chaos in the formation of coherent structures, and discuss a mechanism of "violent" mixing caused by a self-consistent elliptic-hyperbolic bifurcation in phase space. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP del-Castillo-Negrete, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-44315-0 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2002 VL 602 BP 407 EP 436 PG 30 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Mathematics GA BV96P UT WOS:000180545900013 ER PT S AU Jarzynski, C AF Jarzynski, C BE Garbaczewski, P Olkiewicz, R TI What is the microscopic response of a system driven far from equilibrium? SO DYNAMICS OF DISSIPATION SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Karpacz Winter School of Theoretical Physics CY FEB 06-15, 2002 CL LADEK ZDROJ, POLAND SP Univ Wroclaw, Univ Zielona Gora, Polish Minist Educ, Polish Acad Sci, Fdn Karpacz Winter Sch Theoret Phys, Dr Wilhelm Heinrich Heraeus & Else Heraeus Stift ID FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES; NONEQUILIBRIUM MEASUREMENTS; JARZYNSKI EQUALITY AB The central theme of this lecture is that there exists a surprisingly simple and general answer to the question posed in the title, provided that we frame the question statistically. I will present this result along with several derivations, and will discuss some of its implications and generalizations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jarzynski, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-44111-5 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2002 VL 597 BP 63 EP 82 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BV85P UT WOS:000180240700003 ER PT J AU Snyder, GT Fehn, U Goff, R AF Snyder, GT Fehn, U Goff, R TI Iodine isotope ratios and halide concentrations in fluids of the Satsuma-Iwojima volcano, Japan SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; RESIDENCE TIMES; NEW-ZEALAND; I-129; GASES; GEOCHEMISTRY; WATERS AB Fumarolic condensates and acid spring waters from Satsuma-lwojima were sampled between 1993 and 1998 and analyzed for I-129/I and (CI)-C-36/Cl ratios and chloride, bromine, and iodine concentrations. Halogen concentrations suggest that the fumarolic condensates represent mostly magmatic fluids, but that the hot springs are a mixture between magmatic fluids and meteoric water with some presence of seawater. The magmatic component is best preserved in the high-temperature fumaroles collected in 1998 and has a I-129/I ratio of 756 +/- 47 x 10(-15). This I-129/I ratio yields an iodine age of 15.5 +/- 1.5 Ma, which is compatible with derivation of iodine from subducted marine sediments in this region. Ratios of I/Cl, and Br/Cl in the fumaroles also indicate that halides in the magmatic component were mainly derived from marine sediments subducted. in the Nankai Trough. These observations suggest that recycling of subducted sediments is an active source of halides in the Satsuma-Iwojima volcanic system. The comparison of I-129/I ratios obtained from fumaroles over the sampling period shows that a recent meteoric component was present in 1993, but not in 1998. This observation might reflect reorganization of the fumarolic system during this period, which expelled the more recent meteoric water from the fumarolic system after 1993. The acid hot springs on the flanks of the volcano maintain a I-129 isotopic signature indicative of substantial dilution of magmatic waters by mixing with old meteoric water and seawater. Fumarolic gases and hot spring waters were also analyzed for Cl-36/Cl, but the measured ratios were at, or below, the detection limit of AMS, also indicating that recent contributions of Cl from meteoric water are small in the fumaroles and coastal hot springs. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Snyder, GT (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. OI Snyder, Glen/0000-0001-5289-7903 NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 265 EP 273 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 533HJ UT WOS:000174523300011 ER PT J AU Saito, G Stimac, JA Kawanabe, Y Goff, F AF Saito, G Stimac, JA Kawanabe, Y Goff, F TI Mafic-felsic magma interaction at Satsuma-Iwojima volcano, Japan: Evidence from mafic inclusions in rhyolites SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; MOUNT-PINATUBO; CLEAR-LAKE; CALIFORNIA; ROCKS; ORIGIN; DACITE; SULFUR; SYSTEM; ARC AB Geochemical and petrographic studies of the rhyolites and mafic inclusions from Satsuma-Iwojima volcano were carried out in order to investigate evolution of a silicic, bimodal magma system during the post-caldera stage. Abundant mafic inclusions, which are fine-grained with vesicles in their cores, are present in the Showa-Iwojima rhyolitic lava. Inclusions with similar textures are found in Iwodake volcanic bombs but are less common than in the Showa-Iwojima lava. The major and trace element compositions of the inclusions plot along mixing lines connecting the host rhyolites with spatially and temporally associated basaltic to basaltic andesite magmas. Plagioclase phenocrysts in the inclusions have a large variation in core compositions (An(42) to An(96)), and exhibit various zoning profiles and reaction textures, indicating they coexisted with melts ranging from basaltic to rhyolitic composition. Pyroxenes also exhibit a wide range in composition and a variety of zoning patterns consistent with multiple sources. These results suggest that a stratified magma chamber exists beneath the volcano, consisting of a lower basaltic layer, an upper rhyolitic layer and an episodically-present, thin middle layer of andesite. Variations in the chemistry of the Iwodake and Showa-Iwojima mafic inclusions suggest that multiple injections of very similar basaltic magma have occurred since the growth of the Iwodake dome. More extensive textural disequilibrium shows that the Showa-Iwojima rhyolites formed through more extensive interaction with mafic magma. The mafic-felsic interaction is consistent with degassing model of a magma chamber estimated by other researchers, which consists of degassing of upper rhyolitic magma by convection in a conduit and supply of a CO2-rich volatile phase from underlying basaltic magma to the rhyolitic magma. C1 AIST, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Philippine Geothermal Inc, Makati, Philippines. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saito, G (reprint author), AIST, Geol Survey Japan, Cent 7,Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3 BP 303 EP 325 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 533HJ UT WOS:000174523300015 ER PT S AU Wei, J Macek, RJ AF Wei, J Macek, RJ BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Electron-cloud effects in high-intensity proton accelerators SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN ID INSTABILITY; BEAM; PSR AB One of the primary concerns in the design and operation of high-intensity proton synchrotrons and accumulators is the electron cloud and associated beam loss and instabilities. Electron-cloud effects are observed at high-intensity proton machines like the Los Alamos National Laboratory's PSR and the CERN SPS, and investigated experimentally and theoretically. In the design of next-generation high-intensity proton accelerators like the Spallation Neutron Source ring, emphasis is made in minimizing electron production and in enhancing Landau damping. This paper reviews the present understanding of the electron-cloud effects and presents mitigation measures. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wei, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 29 EP 40 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500004 ER PT S AU Wolski, A AF Wolski, A BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Electron cloud in linear collider damping rings SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN AB The positron damping rings for a future linear collider will operate at energies and with beam currents where electron cloud effects could be a significant problem. Both coupled-bunch and single-bunch instabilities would adversely affect damping ring performance, by limiting the stored current, or by increasing the transverse bunch size; either effect would reduce the luminosity of the collider. Recent work has estimated, for TESLA and the NLC, the thresholds and growth rates of instabilities driven by the electron cloud, with results from simulation and analytical investigation in reasonable agreement. We review the results, which strongly suggest that serious consideration needs to be given to ways in which the effects of electron cloud can be mitigated. C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wolski, A (reprint author), LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500005 ER PT S AU Fischer, W Brennan, JM Blaskiewicz, M Satogata, T AF Fischer, W Brennan, JM Blaskiewicz, M Satogata, T BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Electron cloud measurements and simulations for RHIC SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN AB Intense ion beams in RHIC lead to a rise in the vacuum pressure. Electron clouds can contribute to such a process. To measure electron cloud densities the coherent tune shift along the bunch train was observed with different bunch spacings and intensities. From the measured coherent tune shift electron cloud densities are computed and compared with densities obtained in electron cloud simulations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fischer, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500008 ER PT S AU Harkay, KC Rosenberg, RA Furman, MA Pivi, M AF Harkay, KC Rosenberg, RA Furman, MA Pivi, M BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Simulations of electron cloud build-up and saturation in the APS SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN ID ACCELERATOR AB In studies with positron beams in the Advanced Photon Source, a dramatic amplification was observed in the electron cloud for certain bunch current and bunch spacings. In modeling presented previously, we found qualitative agreement with the observed beam-induced multipacting condition, provided reasonable values were chosen for the secondary electron yield parameters, including the energy distribution. In this paper, we model and discuss the build-up and saturation process observed over long bunch trains at the resonance condition. Understanding this saturation mechanism in more detail may have implications for predicting electron cloud amplification, multipacting, and instabilities in future rings. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Harkay, KC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500009 ER PT S AU Decker, FJ Caspers, F Zimmermann, F AF Decker, FJ Caspers, F Zimmermann, F BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Impact of microwaves on the electron cloud and incoherent effects SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN AB We consider the use of microwaves for manipulating the electron cloud, describing an exploratory experiment at PEP-II as well as computer simulations of the electron cloud build up in the presence of a microwave for an LHC dipole. We then show that the incoherent effects of the electron cloud - energy loss and transverse emittance growth due to scattering off the electrons - are negligible. This suggests that the disturbance of the coherent electron motion may be another possible application of microwaves, which could prevent beam emittance growth and beam loss. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. RP Decker, FJ (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500012 ER PT S AU Heifets, S AF Heifets, S BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Qualitative analysis of electron cloud effects in the NLC damping ring SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN ID POSITRON STORAGE-RINGS; BUNCHED BEAM; INSTABILITY AB The qualitative analysis of the electron cloud formation is presented. Results are compared with simulations for the NLC damping ring [1]. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Heifets, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500017 ER PT S AU Pivi, M Furman, MA AF Pivi, M Furman, MA BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Electron-cloud updated simulation results for the PSR, and recent results for the SNS. SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN AB We present recent simulation results for the main features of the electron cloud in the storage ring of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge, and updated results for the Proton Storage Ring (PSR) at Los Alamos. In particular, a complete refined model for the secondary emission process including the so called true secondary, rediffused and backscattered electrons has been included in the simulation code. C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pivi, M (reprint author), LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 137 EP 140 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500018 ER PT S AU Cai, YH AF Cai, YH BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Simulation of head-tail instability caused by electron cloud in the positron ring at PEP-II SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN ID STORAGE-RINGS; BEAM AB The head-tail instability caused by an electron cloud in positron storage rings is studied numerically using a simple model. In the model, the positron beam is longitudinally divided into many slices that have a fixed transverse size. The centroid of each slice evolves dynamically according to the interaction with a two-dimensional electron cloud at a given azimuthal location in the ring and a six-dimensional lattice map. A sudden and huge increase of the projected beam size and the mode coupling in the dipole spectrum are observed in the simulation at the threshold of the instability. Even below the threshold, the vertical beam size increases along a bunch train that has 8.5 ns bunch spacing. Above the threshold, a positive chromaticity can damp down the centroid motion but has very little effect on the blowup of the beam size. The results of the simulation are consistent with many observations at PEP-II. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Cai, YH (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500019 ER PT S AU Heifets, S AF Heifets, S BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Electron cloud at high beam currents SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN AB The density and the wake fields of the e-cloud are quite different at low and high beam currents. The wake fields are derived and applied to the upgraded PEP-II B-factory. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Heifets, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 195 EP 198 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500024 ER PT S AU Molvik, AW Cohen, RH Lund, SM Bieniosek, FM Lee, EP Prost, LR Seidl, PA Vay, JL AF Molvik, AW Cohen, RH Lund, SM Bieniosek, FM Lee, EP Prost, LR Seidl, PA Vay, JL BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Electron cloud effects in intense, ion beam linacs theory and experimental planning for heavy-ion fusion SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN ID ANALYZER AB Heavy-ion accelerators for heavy-ion inertial fusion energy (HIF) will operate at high aperture-fill factors with high beam current and long durations. (Injected currents of order 1A and 20 mus at a few MeV for each of similar to100 beams, will be compressed to the order of 100 A and 0.2 mus, reaching GeV energies in a power plant driver.) This will will be accompanied by beam ions impacting walls, liberating gas molecules and secondary electrons. Without special preparation, the similar to10% electron population predicted for driver-scale experiments will affect beam transport; but wall conditioning and other mitigation techniques should result in substantial reduction. Theory and particle-in-cell simulations suggest that electrons, from ionization of residual and desorbed gas and secondary electrons from vacuum walls, will be radially trapped in the similar to4 kV ion beam potential. Trapped electrons can modify the beam space charge, vacuum pressure, ion transport, dynamics, and halo generation, and can potentially cause ion-electron instabilities. Within quadrupole (and dipole) magnets, the longitudinal electron velocity is limited to drift velocities (E x B and delB) and the electron density can vary azimuthally, radially, and longitudinally. These variations can cause centroid misalignment, emittance growth and halo growth. Diagnostics are being developed to measure the energy and flux of electrons and gas evolved from walls, and the net charge and gas density within magnetic quadrupoles. We will also measure the depth of trapping of electrons, their axial and radial translport, and the effects of electrons on the ion beam. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Molvik, AW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500034 ER PT S AU Macek, RJ AF Macek, RJ BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Possible cures for electron cloud problems SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN AB This paper reviews and evaluates and approaches that nave been considered an or explored at the Los Alamos PSR for mitigating the e-cloud problems. The two main approaches are (1) methods to suppress the e-cloud generation and (2) direct methods (such as damping the e-p instability) to control the adverse impact of the e-cloud on accelerator performance. In the first category, we have explored (a) suppression of the primary or "seed" electrons (reduction of losses, improved vacuum, control of the "convoy" electrons at the stripper foil, clearing fields, and suppression of secondary emission at the stripper foil), (b) reduction of electron amplification by beam-induced multipacting (TiN coatings, beam scrubbing, weak solenoids, and shaping the beam pulse), and (c) reduction of electrons that survive the gap (clearing electrodes, and reduction of beam leaking into the gap). While many of these measures suppress multipactor electrons, it is not yet demonstrated that this will cure the e-p instability at PSR. In the second category, we have had success in controlling the e-p instability by various forms of Landau damping (increasing the momentum spread by a variety of methods, multiples, skew quads and inductive inserts) and in controlling the impact on diagnostics by use of bias fields. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Macek, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 259 EP 268 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500035 ER PT S AU Macek, RJ AF Macek, RJ BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Summary of session I, experimental observations at existing accelerators and concerns for future machines SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN AB This report briefly summarizes the first session (1) at the mini-workshop, ECLOUD'02, held at CERN, 15-18 April 2002. As the title indicates, this session focused on experimental observations at existing accelerators and concerns for future machines. Observations were reported from KEKB, PEP-II, SPS, and PSR and design issues involving the electron cloud were presented for SNS, Linear Collider Damping Rings and the LHC. These represent a good sample of the broad spectrum of accelerator types impacted by electron cloud effects (ECE). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Macek, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500039 ER PT S AU Furman, MA AF Furman, MA BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Summary of Session III SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN AB This is a summary of the talks presented in Session III ("Simulations of Electron-Cloud Build Up") of the Mini-Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams ECLOUD-02, held at CERN, 15-18 April 2002. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Furman, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500041 ER PT S AU Chou, W Bruning, O Giovannozzi, M Metral, E AF Chou, W Bruning, O Giovannozzi, M Metral, E BE Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Summary report of Session VI SO ECLOUD'02: MINI-WORKSHOP ON ELECTRON-CLOUD SIMULATION FOR PROTON AND POSITRON BEAMS, PROCEEDINGS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mini Workshop on Electron-Cloud Simulations for Proton and Positron Beams CY APR 15-18, 2002 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND HO CERN AB This report gives a brief review of the presentations in Session VI of the Ecloud'02 Workshop and summarizes the major points during the discussions. Some points (e.g., the critical mass phenomenon) are not conclusive and even controversial. But it has been agreed that further investigations are warranted. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chou, W (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-193-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 1 BP 307 EP 309 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BV36V UT WOS:000178712500044 ER PT J AU King, AW With, KA AF King, AW With, KA TI Dispersal success on spatially structured landscapes: when do spatial pattern and dispersal behavior really matter? SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE dispersal; fractal landscapes; neutral landscape models; percolation; spatially explicit population models ID EXPLICIT POPULATION-MODELS; NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; METAPOPULATION PERSISTENCE; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; FRACTAL LANDSCAPES; MOVEMENT; CONNECTIVITY; DYNAMICS; FRAGMENTATION AB Dispersal is a fundamental component of many spatial population models. Concerns over the need to incorporate detailed information on dispersal behavior in spatially explicit population models (SEPMs) motivated us to undertake a simulation study in which we explored (1) the conditions under which landscape structure affects dispersal success and (2) the dependency of dispersal success on the choice of dispersal algorithm. We simulated individual dispersal as a random process (the mean-field approximation), a percolation process (PD) or a nearest-neighbor process (NND) on random and fractal neutral landscapes across gradients of habitat fragmentation and abundance (0.1-90%). Both landscape structure and dispersal behavior affected dispersal success in landscapes with < 30-40% habitat. Landscape structure, in the form of contagious habitat, was always important for predicting the success of weak dispersers constrained to move within a local neighborhood, unless habitat was abundant (greater than or equal to 80%). Dispersers generally attained highest success on landscapes in which habitat had high spatial contagion. Habitat clumping may thus mitigate the negative effects of habitat loss on dispersal success. Spatial pattern is generally not important for predicting dispersal success when habitat abundance exceeds 40% and the mean-field approximation (random dispersal) adequately describes dispersal success in these landscapes. Because species of conservation concern generally occur in landscapes with < 20% habitat, modeling dispersal as a random process may not be warranted for these species. In these cases, the required interaction between spatial structure and dispersal may be captured adequately by a simple local dispersal algorithm such that detailed movement rules may not be needed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP King, AW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 1509,MS 6335, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI With, Kimberly/J-5124-2014 OI With, Kimberly/0000-0001-5570-1515 NR 48 TC 120 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00400-8 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511FV UT WOS:000173254700003 ER PT J AU Fleck, RJ Criss, RE Eaton, GF Cleland, RW Wavra, CS Bond, WD AF Fleck, RJ Criss, RE Eaton, GF Cleland, RW Wavra, CS Bond, WD TI Age and origin of base and precious metal veins of the Coeur d'Alene mining district, Idaho SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Review ID U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; ORE-FORMING EVENTS; SOUTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MESOZOIC CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; NORTHERN IDAHO; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; BELT SUPERGROUP AB Ore-fearing quartz-carbonate veins of the Coeur d'Alene mining district yield Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios of 0.74 to >1.60 for low Rb/Sr, carbonate gangue minerals, similar to current ranges measured in Middle Proterozoic, high Rb/Sr rocks of the Belt Supergroup. Stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies establish a genetic relationship between vein formation and metamorphic-hydrothermal systems of the region. These extraordinary Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios require accumulation of radiogenic Sr-87. in a high Rb/Sr system over an extended period prior to incorporation of Sr into the hydrothermal veins. Evaluation of the age and composition of potential sources of highly radiogenic Sr indicates that the ore-bearing reins of the Coeur d'Alene district formed during the Cretaceous from components scavenged from rocks of the Belt Supergroup, the primary host rocks of the district. Proterozoic Pb isotope, ratios observed in galena from mane Coeur d'Alene veins were established when Pb separated from uranium during deposition or diagenesis of the Belt Supergroup at 1400 to 1500 Ma, possibly as disseminated syngenetic deposits. K-Ar and Rb-Sr apparent ages and delta(18)O values of Belt Supergroup rocks decrease front the Coeur d'Alene district toward the Idaho and Kaniksu batholiths, approximately normal to the trends of metamorphic isograds, fold axes, foliation. rind the major reverse faults of the district. Isoclinal folding, thrust faulting, high-temperature metamorphism, granitie plutonism, and regional-scale metamorphic-hydrothermal activity is documented in the region between 140 and 45 Ma, representing the only such combination of events in the Coeur d'Alene region subsequent to about 1300 Ma. The Sr and oxygen results and geologic evidence favor formation of the ore-hearing carbonate veins by fluids related to a complex metamorphic-hydrothermal system during the Cretaceous, Pb with Proterozoic isotopic compositions seas probably mobilized and incorporated like other metals into tire hydrothermal veins during this event. The ore-bearing veins were sheared and displaced during early Tertian northwest-trending dextral strike-slip faulting along the Osburn fault and related strictures of the Lewis and Clark line. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sunshine Precious Met Co, Kellogg, ID 83837 USA. RP Fleck, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 937,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM fleck@usgs.gov NR 129 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 97 IS 1 BP 23 EP 42 DI 10.2113/97.1.23 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 549WY UT WOS:000175470900004 ER PT J AU Larocque, ACL Stimac, JA McMahon, G Jackman, JA Chartrand, VP Hickmott, D Gauerke, E AF Larocque, ACL Stimac, JA McMahon, G Jackman, JA Chartrand, VP Hickmott, D Gauerke, E TI Ion-microprobe analysis of FeTi oxides: Optimization for the determination of invisible gold SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SULFIDE; ARSENOPYRITE; MINERALS; BEHAVIOR; DEPOSIT; PYRITE; AU AB Magnetite is a common mineral in a wide variety of hydrothermal Au-bearing ore-deposit types. FeTi oxides also occur as phenocrysts in some Au-bearing silicic volcanic rocks. In oxidized plutons, or reduced plutons that are undersaturated with respect to sulfide, FeTi oxides likely are an important host of Au. To evaluate the volumetric importance of magnetite and ilmenite as hosts for Au in igneous rocks and hydrothermal ore deposits, it is necessary to quantify Au in FeTi oxide minerals. We used secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to analyze magnetite and ilmenite standards implanted with Au-197. Samples were sputtered with a Cs+ primary beam, and negative secondary ions were measured, Because of the small diameter of oxide phenocrysts in volcanic rocks. small raster size and beam-diameter are required. We used a 10-mum diam beam rastered over an area with 50-mum sides. To obtain sufficient background counts and optimum dynamic range, Au-197(-) counts were measured for up to 5 s per cycle, We obtained measured detection-limits (MDL) of 10 ppb An in magnetite and 240 ppb Au in ilmenite operating in high-mass-resolution (HMR) mode (M/DeltaM = 4,000 to 5,000). HMR mode was required to eliminate an interference with (CsTiO-)-Cs-133-Ti-48-O-16 during analysis of ilmenite. The high MDL for ilmenite was due to the high inherent-Au content of the unimplanted standard. The siting of Au has important implications for both ore genesis and ore extraction, Quantification of Au in FeTi oxides may lead to more accurate mineralogical balances for hydrothermal An deposits, as well as resolving questions regarding the partitioning of Au in silicic magmas and the behavior of An in some magmatic-hydrothermal ore-forming systems. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Larocque, ACL (reprint author), Unocal Philippines, 14141 SW Freeway, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. RI Hickmott, Donald/C-2886-2011; McMahon, Greg/C-3991-2013 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 97 IS 1 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.2113/97.1.159 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 549WY UT WOS:000175470900012 ER PT J AU Dixon, PM AF Dixon, PM TI Nearest-neighbor contingency table analysis of spatial segregation for several species SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spatial pattern; point process; dioecious plant; toroidal rotation; random labelling ID INHOMOGENEOUS POPULATIONS; DIOECIOUS PLANTS; PATTERN; MODELS; SEXES AB Spatial segregation of species occurs when a species is more likely) to be located in the vicinity of conspecifics. This can be investigated by mapping and identifying all locations in a study area, then analyzing the nearest-neighbor contingency table. where each location is classified by its species and the species of its nearest neighbor. Nearest-neighbor contingency tables for two species call be analyzed using the methods in Dixon (1994). Here, I present methods to analyze contingency tables for any number of species. Calculation and interpretation of the multispecies contingency table are illustrated by two examples: spatial segregation of species in a swamp forest. with five types of points (Fraxinus caroliniana. Nyssa sylvatica, Nyssa aquatica, Taxodium disticum and "other species"). and spatial segregation in the gamodioecious tree Nyssa aquatica. with three types of points (male, female. and juvenile). Two issues that affect the results and their interpretation are the choice of randomization (random labelling or toroidal rotation) and the choice of test (pairwise or multispecies). C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Dixon, PM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 19 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON ALEXANDRE-VACHON, UNIV LAVAL, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 142 EP 151 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 568ER UT WOS:000176529900003 ER PT S AU Rankin, JE Hill, MR Halpin, J Chen, HL Hackel, LA Harris, F AF Rankin, JE Hill, MR Halpin, J Chen, HL Hackel, LA Harris, F BE Dias, AM Pina, J Batista, AC Diogo, E TI The effects of process variations on residual stress induced by laser peening SO ECRS 6: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6) CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Reitoria Univ Coimbra, Fund Ciencia Tecnol, Minist Ciencia Technol, Apoio Programa Operat Ciencia, Tech, Inovacao Quadro Commun Apoio III, Fund Calouste Gulbenkian, Camara Municipal Coimbra, Governo Civil Coimbra, Comiss Coordenac Reg Ctr, Embaicada Franca, BPI DE laser peening; residual stress measurement; slitting method; fatigue AB Measurements of the distribution of residual stress with depth from the surface in laser peened coupons were made in a high-strength aluminum alloy. Residual stresses were measured using slitting (also known as the crack compliance method). Measurements were made on several coupons to: compare laser peening (LP) and shot peening residual stresses; ascertain the influence of LP parameters on residual stress; determine whether tensile residual stress existed outside the peened area; assess the variation of residual stress with in-plane position relative to the layout of the laser spots used for peening; and, determine the importance of a uniform spatial distribution of laser energy within the spot. Residual stress 0.1 mm from the surface due to LP and shot peening were comparable and the depth of the compressive stress for LP was far greater than for shot peening. Variations of most LP parameters did not significantly alter residual stress at shallow depths. Residual stresses adjacent to the peened area were found to be compressive. Decreased levels of surface residual stress were found when laser spots had a non-uniform distribution of laser intensity. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Sci & Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Met Improvement Co, LaserPeening Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rankin, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Hill, Michael/A-2525-2016 OI Hill, Michael/0000-0002-9168-211X NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-900-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 404-7 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU87K UT WOS:000177256900015 ER PT S AU Aydiner, CC Ustundag, E Prime, MB Peker, A AF Aydiner, CC Ustundag, E Prime, MB Peker, A BE Dias, AM Pina, J Batista, AC Diogo, E TI Residual stresses in bulk metallic glasses - II: Measurement SO ECRS 6: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6) CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Reitoria Univ Coimbra, Fund Ciencia Tecnol, Minist Ciencia Technol, Apoio Programa Operat Ciencia, Tech, Inovacao Quadro Commun Apoio III, Fund Calouste Gulbenkian, Camara Municipal Coimbra, Governo Civil Coimbra, Comiss Coordenac Reg Ctr, Embaicada Franca, BPI DE metallic glass; thermal tempering; residual stress; crack compliance method ID STRAINS; PLATES AB New multi-component metallic alloys with exceptional glass forming ability have recently been developed at Caltech. These alloys allow the processing of large amorphous specimens. The possibility of formation of thermal-tempering-induced residual stresses during the processing of these bulk metallic glass (BMG) specimens was investigated. The crack compliance method was used to measure the stress profiles in a BMG plate that was cast in a copper mold. The measured profiles were roughly parabolic suggesting that thermal tempering was the dominant residual stress generation mechanism. However, the magnitude of the measured stresses was significantly lower than modeling predictions. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are presented in relation to the actual casting process and material properties. C1 CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Appl Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Liquidmetal Technol, Lake Forest, CA 92630 USA. RP Ustundag, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Ersan@caltech.edu RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Aydiner, Cahit/0000-0001-8256-6742; Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-900-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 404-7 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU87K UT WOS:000177256900039 ER PT S AU Prime, MB Martineau, RL AF Prime, MB Martineau, RL BE Dias, AM Pina, J Batista, AC Diogo, E TI Mapping residual stresses after foreign object damage using the contour method SO ECRS 6: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6) CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Reitoria Univ Coimbra, Fund Ciencia Tecnol, Minist Ciencia Technol, Apoio Programa Operat Ciencia, Tech, Inovacao Quadro Commun Apoio III, Fund Calouste Gulbenkian, Camara Municipal Coimbra, Governo Civil Coimbra, Comiss Coordenac Reg Ctr, Embaicada Franca, BPI DE HSLA-100 steel; impact; penetration; ballistic; residual stress; armor; projectile ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE AB A 51-mm thick plate of High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA-100) steel was impacted by a 6.4 mm diameter tungsten carbide sphere traveling at 2.2 km/sec. The projectile penetration left a 10 mm diameter and 12 nun deep crater. A residual stress map over a cross-section through the crater was measured by the contour method. The predominant feature of the stress map was a peak compressive stress of 900 MPa, or 1.3 times the yield strength, centered about 1 1/2 crater radii below the crater floor. The results were compared with an explicit finite element simulation of the impact event. The model has good agreement with the measured residual stresses. As part of the study, residual stresses in the as-received HSLA-100 plate were also measured and found to be a typical quenching stress distribution with peak compressive stress of about 165 MPa a few nun below the surface and tensile stress of 200 MPa in the center of the plate thickness. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prime, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM prime@lanl.gov OI Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-900-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 404-7 BP 521 EP 526 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU87K UT WOS:000177256900081 ER PT S AU Clausen, B Lee, SY Ustundag, E Kim, CP Brown, DW Bourke, MAM AF Clausen, B Lee, SY Ustundag, E Kim, CP Brown, DW Bourke, MAM BE Dias, AM Pina, J Batista, AC Diogo, E TI Deformation of in-situ-reinforced bulk metallic glass matrix composites SO ECRS 6: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6) CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Reitoria Univ Coimbra, Fund Ciencia Tecnol, Minist Ciencia Technol, Apoio Programa Operat Ciencia, Tech, Inovacao Quadro Commun Apoio III, Fund Calouste Gulbenkian, Camara Municipal Coimbra, Governo Civil Coimbra, Comiss Coordenac Reg Ctr, Embaicada Franca, BPI DE bulk metallic glass; composite; in-situ loading; neutron diffraction; self-consistent modeling ID POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; TUNGSTEN; TEXTURE; STRAIN AB Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are potentially superb structural materials due to a unique combination of properties such as a large elastic strain limit, high strength and good fracture toughness. However, most BMGs are prone to catastrophic failure during unconstrained loading due to high concentration of shear deformation in the form of a shear band. This problem has been addressed by the development of BMG-matrix composites that suppress this failure mode. In this study we have utilized neutron diffraction measurements to investigate the load sharing in such a BMG-matrix composite, where the second phase is formed in-situ during quenching. The properties of the second phase itself have also been investigated in the monolithic form. The diffraction data has been compared to the predictions of self-consistent models resulting in good agreement. C1 CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ustundag, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, M-C 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ersan@caltech.edu RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-900-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 404-7 BP 553 EP 558 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU87K UT WOS:000177256900086 ER PT S AU Goudeau, P Villain, P Renault, PO Tamura, N Celestre, RS Padmore, H AF Goudeau, P Villain, P Renault, PO Tamura, N Celestre, RS Padmore, H BE Dias, AM Pina, J Batista, AC Diogo, E TI Macro stress mapping on thin film buckling SO ECRS 6: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6) CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Reitoria Univ Coimbra, Fund Ciencia Tecnol, Minist Ciencia Technol, Apoio Programa Operat Ciencia, Tech, Inovacao Quadro Commun Apoio III, Fund Calouste Gulbenkian, Camara Municipal Coimbra, Governo Civil Coimbra, Comiss Coordenac Reg Ctr, Embaicada Franca, BPI DE thin film; residual stresses; delamination; micro X-ray diffraction; strain mapping ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION AB Thin films deposited by Physical Vapour Deposition techniques on substrates generally exhibit large residual stresses which may be responsible of thin film buckling in the case of compressive stresses. Since the 80's, a lot of theoretical work has been done to develop mechanical models but only a few experimental work has been done on this subject to support these theoretical approaches and nothing concerning local stress measurement mainly because of the small dimension of the buckling (few 10(th) mum). This paper deals with the application of micro beam X-ray diffraction available on synchrotron radiation sources for stress mapping analysis of gold thin film buckling. C1 Univ Poitiers, UMR 6630 CNRS, Met Phys Lab, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. RP Goudeau, P (reprint author), Univ Poitiers, UMR 6630 CNRS, Met Phys Lab, SP2MI,Teleport2,Bd M&P Curie,BP 30179, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. OI renault, pierre olivier/0000-0002-0736-2333 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-900-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 404-7 BP 709 EP 714 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU87K UT WOS:000177256900110 ER PT S AU Brown, DW Varma, R Bourke, MAM Ely, T Holden, TM Spooner, S AF Brown, DW Varma, R Bourke, MAM Ely, T Holden, TM Spooner, S BE Dias, AM Pina, J Batista, AC Diogo, E TI A neutron diffraction study of residual stress and plastic strain in welded beryllium rings SO ECRS 6: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6) CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Reitoria Univ Coimbra, Fund Ciencia Tecnol, Minist Ciencia Technol, Apoio Programa Operat Ciencia, Tech, Inovacao Quadro Commun Apoio III, Fund Calouste Gulbenkian, Camara Municipal Coimbra, Governo Civil Coimbra, Comiss Coordenac Reg Ctr, Embaicada Franca, BPI DE neutron diffraction; intergranular strain; residual stress; plastic deformation; welding ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT; DEFORMATION AB We present a study of residual stresses associated with the welding of beryllium rings. Using novel analysis techniques, information about residual stresses and plastic deformation of the base metal were obtained. In the post-welded state, the rings have a strong tensile circumferential residual stress and show evidence of significant plastic deformation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-900-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 404-7 BP 741 EP 746 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU87K UT WOS:000177256900115 ER PT S AU Agnew, SR Brown, DW Vogel, SC Holden, TM AF Agnew, SR Brown, DW Vogel, SC Holden, TM BE Dias, AM Pina, J Batista, AC Diogo, E TI In-situ measurement of internal strain evolution during deformation dominated by mechanical twinning SO ECRS 6: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6) CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Reitoria Univ Coimbra, Fund Ciencia Tecnol, Minist Ciencia Technol, Apoio Programa Operat Ciencia, Tech, Inovacao Quadro Commun Apoio III, Fund Calouste Gulbenkian, Camara Municipal Coimbra, Governo Civil Coimbra, Comiss Coordenac Reg Ctr, Embaicada Franca, BPI DE deformation twin; neutron diffraction; internal strain ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TEXTURE; AL AB Measurements of internal strain development during in-situ deformation of a textured magnesium alloy plate represent the first direct observations of intergranular (type II) strains, which allow for definitive statements about the magnitude of stresses within (i) parent grains when mechanical twins are beginning to form, (ii) the mechanical twins themselves as they are being formed, and (iii) the development of stresses within twins during subsequent deformation. These data will be extremely valuable for developing accurate constitutive models incorporating twinning. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Agnew, SR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-900-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 404-7 BP 747 EP 752 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU87K UT WOS:000177256900116 ER PT S AU Hanan, JC Ustundag, E Clausen, B Sivasambu, M Beyerlein, IJ Brown, DW Bourke, MAM AF Hanan, JC Ustundag, E Clausen, B Sivasambu, M Beyerlein, IJ Brown, DW Bourke, MAM BE Dias, AM Pina, J Batista, AC Diogo, E TI Residual strain evolution during the deformation of single fiber metal matrix composites SO ECRS 6: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6) CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Reitoria Univ Coimbra, Fund Ciencia Tecnol, Minist Ciencia Technol, Apoio Programa Operat Ciencia, Tech, Inovacao Quadro Commun Apoio III, Fund Calouste Gulbenkian, Camara Municipal Coimbra, Governo Civil Coimbra, Comiss Coordenac Reg Ctr, Embaicada Franca, BPI DE metal matrix composites; thermal residual stress; fiber failure; Al/Al(2)O(3) composite AB Successful application of metal matrix composites often requires strength and lifetime predictions that account for the deformation of each phase. Yet, the deformation of individual phases in composites usually differs significantly from their respective monolithic behaviors. An approach is presented that quantifies the deformation parameters of each phase using neutron diffraction measurements before, during, and after failure under tensile loading in model composites consisting of a single alumina fiber embedded in an aluminum matrix. The evolution of residual strains after loading was examined including the effects of fiber failure. C1 CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ustundag, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, M-C 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ersan@caltech.edu RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-900-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 404-7 BP 907 EP 911 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU87K UT WOS:000177256900141 ER PT S AU Hanan, JC Clausen, B Swift, GA Ustundag, E Beyerlein, IJ Almer, JD Lienert, U Haeffner, DR AF Hanan, JC Clausen, B Swift, GA Ustundag, E Beyerlein, IJ Almer, JD Lienert, U Haeffner, DR BE Dias, AM Pina, J Batista, AC Diogo, E TI Microscale residual strains in monolayer unidirectional fiber composites SO ECRS 6: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS 6) CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL COIMBRA, PORTUGAL SP Reitoria Univ Coimbra, Fund Ciencia Tecnol, Minist Ciencia Technol, Apoio Programa Operat Ciencia, Tech, Inovacao Quadro Commun Apoio III, Fund Calouste Gulbenkian, Camara Municipal Coimbra, Governo Civil Coimbra, Comiss Coordenac Reg Ctr, Embaicada Franca, BPI DE Ti-6Al-4V; SiC; metal matrix composites; residual strains; plastic anisotropy; X-ray diffraction ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB Thermal residual stress is common in fiber reinforced metal matrix composites and significantly affects their mechanical properties. The calculation of these stresses typically assumes continuum mechanics holds. As the fiber diameter in most composites approaches the grain size of the matrix, the continuum assumption can become invalid. Since the mechanical properties depend on the residual strain state of the composite, it is therefore necessary to determine the residual strains using spatially resolved microscale measurements. In order to quantify these residual strains, X-ray diffraction of both the fiber and matrix was employed using a sampling volume less than the fiber diameter. Results were compared to macroscopic measurements including many fibers. The measurements were performed in transmission using high-energy synchrotron X-rays yielding strains representative of the entire thickness of the composite. Evolution of these residual strains after application of load was also investigated. Spatial variations in residual strains showed significant deviation from the macroscopically observed residual strains. C1 CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ustundag, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, M-C 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Ersan@caltech.edu RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-900-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 404-7 BP 913 EP 918 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU87K UT WOS:000177256900142 ER PT S AU Ahrenkiel, RK Lojek, B AF Ahrenkiel, RK Lojek, B BE Gerhardt, RA Washabaugh, AP Alim, MA Choi, GM TI Analysis of ion implantation damage in silicon wafers by a contactless microwave diagnostic SO ELECTRICALLY BASED MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrically Based Microstructural Characterization III Symposium held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE AB Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of lattice damage created by heavy ion implantation damage is required to maintain the integrity of semiconductor material used for submicron-integrated circuit devices. A quick, efficient, and contactless diagnostic of the implantation damage is highly desirable in both research and production environments. A contactless measurement technique has been recently applied to this problem that uses a deeply penetrating low-frequency microwave probe frequency operating at 420 MHz. Here, we will demonstrate the use of this high frequency resonance-coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD) technique, which, when combined with a tunable optical excitation source, enables us to map the radiation damage in boron and arsenic-implanted silicon wafers. We quantify the damage by mapping the minority-carrier lifetime as a function of optical penetration depth. In this work, we quickly and efficiently compared the effectiveness of various RTA processes by the RCPCD diagnostic. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Measurements & Characterizat Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Measurements & Characterizat Div, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-635-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 699 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV35T UT WOS:000178664800027 ER PT S AU Haslam, JJ Wall, MA Johnson, DL Mayhall, DJ Schwartz, AJ AF Haslam, JJ Wall, MA Johnson, DL Mayhall, DJ Schwartz, AJ BE Gerhardt, RA Washabaugh, AP Alim, MA Choi, GM TI Phase transformation hysteresis in a plutonium alloy system: Modeling the resistivity during the transformation SO ELECTRICALLY BASED MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrically Based Microstructural Characterization III Symposium held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, US DOE AB We have induced, measured, and modeled the delta-alpha' martensitic transformation in a Pu-Ga alloy by a resistivity technique on a 2.8-mm diameter disk sample. Our measurements of the resistance by a 4-probe technique were consistent with the expected resistance obtained from a finite element analysis of the 4-point measurement of resistivity in our round disk configuration. Analysis by finite element methods of the postulated configuration of alpha' particles within model delta grains suggests that a considerable anisotropy in the resistivity may be obtained depending on the arrangement of the alpha' lens shaped particles within the grains. The resistivity of these grains departs from the series resistance model and can lead to significant errors in the predicted amount of the alpha' phase present in the microstructure. An underestimation of the amount of alpha' in the sample by 15%, or more, appears to be possible. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Haslam, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-635-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 699 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV35T UT WOS:000178664800041 ER PT S AU Gao, J Sansinena, JM Wang, HL AF Gao, J Sansinena, JM Wang, HL BE BarCohen, Y Zhang, QM Fukada, E Bauer, S Chrisey, DB Danforth, SC TI Fabrication and characterization of polyaniline integrally skinned asymmetric membranes for the construction of monolithic chemical actuators. SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS AND RAPID PROTOTYPING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rapid Prototyping Technologies-From Tissue Engineering to Conformal Electronics held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ARTIFICIAL MUSCLE; POLYPYRROLE; DEFORMATION; FILMS AB Polyaniline Integrally Skinned Asymmetric Membranes (PANI ISAMs) were prepared using phase inversion technique and the effect of polyaniline emeraldine base (EB) concentration on the structure of the PANI ISAMs cross-section was studied. These membranes show a density gradient and porous structure which facilitates ion movement and cause volume change that is density gradient dependent upon chemical doping/dedoping. It was also found that the increase of the EB concentration leads to the formation of membranes with less and smaller macrovoids, consequently resulting in all increase in both their density and mechanical properties. Immersing the membranes into acidic media results in bending toward the porous side and bending in the opposite direction in basic solution. This bending movement is faster for membranes prepared from lower EB concentration because the porous structure allows a faster acid or base diffusion in and out of the membrane. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div Michelson Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gao, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div Michelson Resource, MS J-586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-634-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 698 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86W UT WOS:000177251300002 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, M Lee, HS Sun, X Yang, XQ Moodenbaugh, AR McBreen, J Fischer, DA Fu, Z AF Balasubramanian, M Lee, HS Sun, X Yang, XQ Moodenbaugh, AR McBreen, J Fischer, DA Fu, Z TI Formation of SEI on cycled lithium-ion battery cathodes - Soft X-ray absorption study SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on LiNi0.85Co0.15O2 cathodes front lithium-ion cells cycled at 40 and 70 degreesC was observed and characterized using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). XAS Measurements were made in the energy region between 500 and 950 eV. encompassing the Ni and Co L3- and L-2-edges and at the K-edges of O and F. Measurements, obtained in the total electron yield mode, are surface sensitive, probing to a depth of 5 rim, XAS at the F K-edge demonstrates the presence of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) in addition to LiF oil the surface of cycled electrodes. The results indicate that the PVdF in the cycled electrodes is largely intact and that the LiF comes front decomposition of LiPF6 from the electrolyte XAS also suggests Fe contamination of cycled cathodes. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balasubramanian, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 12 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 68 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 BP A22 EP A25 DI 10.1149/1.1423802 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 503MX UT WOS:000172803200006 ER PT B AU Wright, RB Jamison, DK Duong, TQ Sutula, RA AF Wright, RB Jamison, DK Duong, TQ Sutula, RA BE Brodd, RJ Doughty, DH Kim, JH Morita, M Naoi, K Nagasubramanian, G Nanjundiah, C TI Performance testing of selected commercial ultracapacitors SO ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITOR AND HYBRID POWER SOURCES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Electrochemical Capacitors and Hybrid Power Systems CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Battery, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div AB This paper presents the electrical performance test results of a group of four commercial ultracapacitors, Two different capacitors from CCR Corporation (two capacitors Model #CCR2001A rated at 3000 F at 23 V; two capacitors, Model #CCR3000 rated at 3000 F at 2.3 V); two capacitors from Maxwell Technologies Inc. (Model #PC2500 rated at 2700 F and 2.7 V); three different capacitors from Panasonic Industrial Company (two Model #UP-Cap 1200 rated at 1200 F and 2.3 V; two Model #UP-Cap 2000 rated at 2000 F and 2.3 V), and one Model #UP-Cap 2500 rated at 2500 F and 2.3 V), and two capacitors from SAFT (Model #D.L. SC3500F rated at 3500 F and 2.7 V). The following tests were conducted on the capacitors. constant-current charge and discharge tests, constant-power discharge tests, leakage-current tests, and self-discharge tests. Each of these tests was conducted at -20degreesC, +25degreesC, and +50degreesC. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wright, RB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS-3830, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-325-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 7 BP 240 EP 265 PG 26 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BW02A UT WOS:000180659300022 ER PT B AU Braithwaite, JW Barbour, JC Lucero, SJ Sorensen, NR AF Braithwaite, JW Barbour, JC Lucero, SJ Sorensen, NR BE Vanysek, P Alodan, M Lipowski, J Mangussen, OM TI Kinetics of atmospheric copper sulfidation SO ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF COPPER, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electrochemical Science and Technology of Copper CY OCT 22-27, 2000 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem, Div, Electrochem Soc, Corros Div AB Atmospheric corrosion is a common degradation mode in high-reliability electrical and electronic components. A project is underway at Sandia to develop an analytical tool-set that can be used to assess the effects of corrosion on the reliability of these types of devices. To be truly predictive, the tool-set must have a physical or mechanistic basis. Our efforts to better understand and quantify one important form of corrosion (copper sulfidation in atmospheric environments) are described in this paper. The results from this study are ultimately relevant to many components of interest, including connectors, contacts, and several types of coated or plastic encapsulated devices (e.g., microelectronics, circuit boards, diodes). Two of the interesting and unexpected findings from this study include the very fast reaction rate associated with the initial stage of sulfidation (actually can be controlled by gas-phase mass transport of H2S), and the effect of relative humidity on the transition from the linear initial stage to a parabolic second stage. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Braithwaite, JW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-297-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2000 IS 30 BP 205 EP 216 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BX89R UT WOS:000186759600021 ER PT S AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV BE Luijten, R Wong, E Makki, K Park, EK TI Probabilistic guarantees on message delays over wide-area networks using in-situ instruments SO ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks CY OCT 14-16, 2002 CL MIAMI, FL SP IEEE, COMSOC, TCCC, IBM, Avaya, Nokia, Army Res Lab, Florida Int Univ, Miami Dade Community Coll, ETCOTA, Citrix, AT&T, Telecommun & Informat Technol Inst ID QUICKEST PATH PROBLEM AB Messages transported over wide-area networks are subject to various delays at the intermediate nodes and hosts. In addition to bandwidth limits, the delays have an apparent "random" component due to the complicated dynamics of the network traffic. We consider that the messages sent over the network are subjected to three types of delays: (a) propagation delays along the links, (b) delays due to bandwidth availability on the links, and (c) "other delays" at the intermediate nodes which are randomly distributed according to unknown distributions. We propose an overlay network of in-situ instruments on such a network to collect delay measurements, and to compute and implement paths for message transport. We propose an algorithm to compute a path whose message delay is close to the optimal expected delay with a high probability, based entirely on measurements. We then present a multiple path method for achieving low end-to-end delays, which is implemented over the Internet using user-level daemons. These daemons realize multiple paths among themselves without explicit support from the underlying network routers, and achieve higher aggregated bandwidths compared to the usual transport methods. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 0-7803-7553-X J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2002 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1109/ICCCN.2002.1043053 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BV60K UT WOS:000179483500017 ER PT B AU Anders, A AF Anders, A BE Oks, E TI Cohesive energy rule for vacuum arcs SO EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF VACUUM-ARC PRODUCED PLASMA, ION AND ELECTRON BEAMS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Workshop on Emerging Applications of Vacuum-Arc-Produced Plasma, Ion and Electron Beams CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL LAKE BAIKAL, RUSSIA SP NATO ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; CATHODE SPOTS; PARAMETERS; PLASMAS; VOLTAGE AB The Cohesive Energy Rule for vacuum arcs describes an empirical relationship between the cathode material and the arc burning voltage, namely, that the burning voltage depends approximately linearly on the cohesive energy. For Berkeley's vacuum arc ion source system it was quantified as V = V-0 +A E-CE, with V-0 approximate to 14.3 V and A = 1.69 V/(eV/atom). Two arguments are brought forward to identify physical justifications for the empirical rule. First, the self-adjusting burning voltage determines the power input for a given arc current, and therefore the Cohesive Energy Rule connects a material property with the energy conservation law. In order to accomplish the phase transition from the solid to the plasma, energy must be invested, and the cohesive energy represents the energy needed to reach the vapor phase. Only a small fraction of power is directly dissipated in the cathode, and the much larger fraction dissipated in the plasma moves away with the expanding plasma. A possible response of the discharge is to self-adjust the total burning voltage. Through this path, the cohesive energy would affect plasma parameters via the causal chain: cohesive energy - burning voltage - power dissipation - electron temperature - ion charge state and ion kinetic energy. The second reason to justify the rule is that many physical parameters show periodicity as expressed in the Periodic Table of the Elements. Therefore, the periodicity shown by the cohesive energy acts as a proxy for the periodicity exhibited by other quantities, for example, melting and boiling temperatures or ionization energies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1066-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 88 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW75P UT WOS:000183068800001 ER PT B AU Hershcovitch, A Batalin, VA Bugaev, AS DeBolt, N Gushenets, VI Johnson, BM Kolomiets, AA Kuibeda, RP Kulevoy, TV Oks, EM Patton, F Pershin, VI Petrenko, SV Seleznev, DN Rostoker, N VanDrie, A Wessel, FJ Yushkov, GY AF Hershcovitch, A Batalin, VA Bugaev, AS DeBolt, N Gushenets, VI Johnson, BM Kolomiets, AA Kuibeda, RP Kulevoy, TV Oks, EM Patton, F Pershin, VI Petrenko, SV Seleznev, DN Rostoker, N VanDrie, A Wessel, FJ Yushkov, GY BE Oks, E TI Underlying physics of E-MEVVA operation: Explaining past results, guiding future improvements SO EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF VACUUM-ARC PRODUCED PLASMA, ION AND ELECTRON BEAMS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Workshop on Emerging Applications of Vacuum-Arc-Produced Plasma, Ion and Electron Beams CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL LAKE BAIKAL, RUSSIA SP NATO ID VACUUM-ARC PLASMAS; CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; ION-SOURCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BEAMS AB Recently substantial enhancement of high ion charge states was clearly observed in both the HCEI and ITEP E-MEVVA ion sources. These experimental setups have two different methods of measuring the ion charge state distributions. The results can be considered as a proof of the E-MEVVA principle. These results sparked discussions regarding which physics effects are dominant. Basic physics seems straightforward, an ion charge state in E-MEVVA is determined by the number of collisions with fast electrons versus the number of encounters with neutrals and lower charge state ions during an ion dwell time in the drift channel. However, the fluxes of fast electrons, lower charge state ions, and neutrals encountered by an ion may be a consequence of numerous effects. Factors determining neutral fluxes might be poor vacuum conditions, desorption of adsorbed gas by the electron beam directly or indirectly due to stacking (E-beam reflection) and/or instabilities that cause heating and desorption. Flux and energy of the fast electrons is primarily determined by the electron gun output. But significant contributions from electron beam stacking, instabilities, as well as plasma electron heating, are possible. The various contributions are evaluated to account for past results and to guide future progress. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hershcovitch, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1066-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 88 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW75P UT WOS:000183068800005 ER PT S AU Monteiro, OR Delplancke-Ogletree, MP AF Monteiro, OR Delplancke-Ogletree, MP BE Oks, E TI Vacuum arc deposited DLC based coatings SO EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF VACUUM-ARC PRODUCED PLASMA, ION AND ELECTRON BEAMS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Workshop on Emerging Applications of Vacuum-Arc-Produced Plasma, Ion and Electron Beams CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL LAKE BAIKAL, RUSSIA SP NATO ID CARBON; FILMS AB The great interest in the use of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films as a coating material is justified by the superior wear resistance and hardness, chemical inertness, and very low friction coefficients of these coatings. Vacuum arc deposition is well suited to prepare superhard films with high sp(3)/Sp(2) ratios. However, the high level of internal stresses originating during growth prevents the deposition of thick films, and their hardness makes it difficult for DLC layers to comply with substrate deformations. In order to overcome these limitations, different approaches are possible. Multilayer structures are one means to maintain the surface mechanical properties of the DLC while relieving the internal stresses. Another possibility is to dope the DLC films in order to reduce the internal stress and to stabilize the desirable sp(3) bonds to higher temperatures. At higher doses of dopants, the formation of nanocrystals is possible and the properties of the coatings change drastically. All these approaches were investigated on films prepared by cathodic arc and a synthesis of the results is presented here. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-1066-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2002 VL 88 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW75P UT WOS:000183068800019 ER PT B AU Brown, IG Monteiro, OR Blakely, EA Bjornstad, KA Galvin, JE Sangyuenyongpipat, S AF Brown, IG Monteiro, OR Blakely, EA Bjornstad, KA Galvin, JE Sangyuenyongpipat, S BE Oks, E TI Applications of vacuum arc plasmas to neuroscience SO EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF VACUUM-ARC PRODUCED PLASMA, ION AND ELECTRON BEAMS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Workshop on Emerging Applications of Vacuum-Arc-Produced Plasma, Ion and Electron Beams CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL LAKE BAIKAL, RUSSIA SP NATO ID ION-IMPLANTATION; NETWORKS; DEPOSITION AB To understand how large systems of neurons communicate, we need to develop, among other things, methods for growing patterned networks of large numbers of neurons. Success with this challenge will be important to our understanding of how the brain works, as well as to the development of novel kinds of computer architecture that may parallel the organization of the brain. Large in vitro networks could show, for example, the emergence of stable patterns of activity and could lead to an understanding of how groups of neurons learn after repeated stimulation. We have investigated the use of metal ion implantation using a vacuum arc ion source, and plasma deposition with a filtered vacuum arc system, as a means of forming regions of selective neuronal attachment on surfaces. Lithographic masks created by treating surfaces with ion species that enhance or inhibit neuronal cell attachment allow subsequent proliferation and/or differentiation of the neurons to form desired patterns. Plasma deposition of optically transparent, electrically conducting, ultra-thin metal films can also be used to form electrodes for extra-cellular electrical stimulation of neurons. Substrates tested in our work were primarily glass microscope slides; some of the experiments made use of simple masks to form patterns of ion beam or plasma deposition treated regions. PC-12 rat neurons were then cultured on the treated substrates coated with Type I Collagen, and the growth and differentiation was monitored. Particularly good results were obtained, for example, for the case of plasma deposition of carbon to form a diamondlike carbon film of thickness about one hundred Angstroms. Neuron proliferation and the elaboration of dendrites and axons after the addition of nerve growth factor both showed excellent contrast, with prolific growth and differentiation on the treated surfaces and very low growth on the untreated surfaces. Here we describe our preliminary investigations, and summarize the results to date. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brown, IG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1066-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 88 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW75P UT WOS:000183068800020 ER PT S AU Naulleau, PP Goldberg, KA Anderson, EH Attwood, D Batson, P Bokor, J Denham, P Gullikson, E Harteneck, B Hoef, B Jackson, K Olynick, D Rekawa, S Salmassi, F Blaedel, K Chapman, H Hale, L Soufli, R Spiller, E Sweeney, D Taylor, J Walton, C Ray-Chaudhuri, A O'Connell, D Stulen, R Tichenor, D Gwyn, CW Yan, PY Zhang, GJ AF Naulleau, PP Goldberg, KA Anderson, EH Attwood, D Batson, P Bokor, J Denham, P Gullikson, E Harteneck, B Hoef, B Jackson, K Olynick, D Rekawa, S Salmassi, F Blaedel, K Chapman, H Hale, L Soufli, R Spiller, E Sweeney, D Taylor, J Walton, C Ray-Chaudhuri, A O'Connell, D Stulen, R Tichenor, D Gwyn, CW Yan, PY Zhang, GJ BE Englestad, RL TI Static microfield printing at the advanced light source with the ETS set-2 optic SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; synchrotron radiation; microfield printing; decoherentizing illuminator ID POINT-DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; UNDULATOR RADIATION; SYSTEM AB While interferometry is routinely used for the characterization and alignment of lithographic optics, the ultimate performance metric for these optics is printing in photoresist. The comparison of lithographic imaging with that predicted from wavefront performance is also useful for verifying and improving the predictive power of wavefront metrology. To address these issues, static, small-field printing capabilities have been added to the EUV phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) implemented at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The combined system remains extremely flexible in that switching between interferometry and imaging modes can be accomplished in approximately two weeks. Relevant printing studies with the ETS projection optics require illumination partial coherence with sigma of approximately 0.7. However, this sigma value is very different from the coherent illumination naturally provided by synchrotron undulator beamline and required by the high accuracy EUV PS/PDI. Adding printing capabilities to the PS/PDI experimental system has thus necessitated the development of an alternative illumination system capable of quantitatively reducing the inherent coherence of the bean-dine. The implemented illuminator is an angular scanning system capable of in situ coherence control. Moreover, this illuminator design readily enables the implementation of conventional resolution-enhancing pupil fills and modeling of the unique Engineering Test Stand (ETS) pupil fill. This new static microfield exposure tool has been used to lithographically characterize the static imaging performance of the ETS Set-2 projection optics. Excellent performance has been demonstrated down to the 70-nm 1:1 line/space level with a focus latitude exceeding 1 mum and a dose latitude of approximately 8%. Moreover, dense-line printing down to a resolution of 50 am has been demonstrated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.472318 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600007 ER PT S AU Tichenor, DA Replogle, WC Lee, SH Ballard, WP Leung, AH Kubiak, GD Klebanoff, LE Graham, S Goldsmith, JEM Jefferson, KL Wronosky, JB Smith, TG Johnson, TA Shields, H Hale, LC Chapman, HN Taylor, JS Sweeney, DW Folta, JA Sommargren, GE Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Attwood, DT Gullikson, EM AF Tichenor, DA Replogle, WC Lee, SH Ballard, WP Leung, AH Kubiak, GD Klebanoff, LE Graham, S Goldsmith, JEM Jefferson, KL Wronosky, JB Smith, TG Johnson, TA Shields, H Hale, LC Chapman, HN Taylor, JS Sweeney, DW Folta, JA Sommargren, GE Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Attwood, DT Gullikson, EM BE Englestad, RL TI Performance upgrades in the EUV engineering test stand SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE EUVL; lithography; optical fabrication; optical design; laser-produced plasma; laser plasma source; maglev; magnetic levitation; stages; precision engineering AB The EUV Engineering Test Stand (ETS) has demonstrated the printing of 100-nm-resolution scanned images. This milestone was first achieved while the ETS operated in an initial configuration using a low power (40 watt) laser and a developmental projection system, PO Box 1. The drive laser has been upgraded to a single chain of the three-chain Nd:YAG laser developed by TRW. The resulting exposure time is similar to4 seconds for static exposures. One hundred nanometer dense features have been printed in step-and-scan operation with the same image quality obtained in static printing. These experiments are the first steps toward achieving operation using all three laser chains for a total drive laser power of 1500 watts. In a second major upgrade the developmental wafer stage platen, used to demonstrate initial full-field imaging, has been replaced with the final low-expansion platen made of Zerodur(TM). Additional improvements in the hardware and control software have demonstrated combined x and y jitter from 2 to 4 nm RMS over most of the wafer stage travel range, while scanning at the design scan speed of 10 mm/s at the wafer. This value, less than half of the originally specified jitter, provides sufficient stability to support printing of 70 nm features as planned, when the upgraded projection system is installed. The third major upgrade will replace PO Box I with an improved projection system, PO Box 2, having lower figure error and lower flare. In addition to these upgrades, dose sensors at the reticle and wafer planes and an EUV-sensitive aerial image monitor have been integrated into the ETS. This paper reports on ETS system upgrades and the impact on system performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tichenor, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 72 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.472328 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600008 ER PT S AU Fornaciari, NR Bender, H Buchenauer, D Dimkoff, J Kanouff, M Karim, S Romeo, C Shimkaveg, G Silfvast, WT Stewart, KD AF Fornaciari, NR Bender, H Buchenauer, D Dimkoff, J Kanouff, M Karim, S Romeo, C Shimkaveg, G Silfvast, WT Stewart, KD BE Englestad, RL TI Power scale-up of the extreme ultraviolet electric capillary discharge source SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE EUVL; EUV source; plasma discharge source; capillary discharge source ID LITHOGRAPHY AB Recent development work on the EUV electric capillary discharge source been has focused on two areas: increasing EUV power generation and minimizing debris deposition on plasma facing optics. To achieve high-power operation, a pulser capable of driving the source up to 1.7 kHz and a new high-power lamp have been integrated. An EUV flux of 9 W into pi-sr and a 2% bandwidth has been generated in burst mode at 1000 Hz. Three additional parametric studies are discussed. The first compares the EUV power generation and spectral output for three different capillary materials. The second study compares the source efficiency for 3 nun and 6 nun length capillaries. And the third parametric study measures the EUV output stability over a one million pulse run. The second focus area has been to increase mirror reflectance lifetimes through the further development of the gas curtain debris mitigation approach. A new gas curtain laboratory has been built with more than a I Ox increase in flow capability and a IN reduction in chamber background pressure. Measurements of the gas curtain efficiency have demonstrated a reduction in particulate deposition rate of at least a factor of eighty. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fornaciari, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9409, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.472282 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600012 ER PT S AU Folta, JA Davidson, JC Larson, CC Walton, CC Kearney, PA AF Folta, JA Davidson, JC Larson, CC Walton, CC Kearney, PA BE Englestad, RL TI Advances in low-defect multilayers for EUVL mask blanks SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUVL; next generation lithography; NGL; mask; multilayer; defect; defect detection; defect mitigation ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY AB Low-defect multilayer coatings are required to fabricate mask blanks for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL). The mask blanks consist of high reflectance EUV multilayers on low thermal expansion substrates. A defect density of 0.0025 printable defects/cm(2) for both the mask substrate and the multilayer is required to provide a mask blank yield of 60%. Current low defect multilayer coating technology allows repeated coating-added defect levels of 0.05/cm(2) for defects greater than 90 nm polystyrene latex sphere (PSL) equivalent size for lots of 20 substrates. Extended clean operation of the coating system at levels below 0.08/cm(2) for 3 months of operation has also been achieved. Two substrates with zero added defects in the quality area have been fabricated, providing an existence proof that ultra low defect coatings are possible. Increasing the ion source-to-target distance from 410 to 560 nun to reduce undesired coating of the ion source caused the defect density to increase to 0.2/cm(2). Deposition and etching diagnostic witness substrates and deposition pinhole cameras showed a much higher level of ion beam spillover (ions missing the sputter target) than expected. Future work will quantify beam spillover, and test designs to reduce spillover, if it is confirmed to be the cause of the increased defect level. The LDD system will also be upgraded to allow clean coating of standard format mask substrates. The upgrade will confirm that the low defect process developed on Si wafers is compatible with the standard mask format 152 nun square substrates, and will provide a clean supply of EUVL mask blanks needed to support development of EUVL mask patterning processes and clean mask handling technologies. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Folta, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1117/12.472287 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600017 ER PT S AU Rader, DJ Dedrick, DE Beyer, EW Leung, AH Klebanoff, LE AF Rader, DJ Dedrick, DE Beyer, EW Leung, AH Klebanoff, LE BE Englestad, RL TI Verification studies of thermophoretic protection for EUV masks SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE EUV lithography; particle contamination control; thermophoretic pellicle; thermophoresis ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; WAFER AB A "thermophoretic pellicle" has been proposed as an alternative to the traditional organic pellicle as a means of protecting EUV lithographic photomasks from particle contamination. The thermophoretic pellicle protects a mask from particles by exploiting the thermophoretic force, which is exerted on a particle by a surrounding gas in which a temperature gradient exists. Two critical requirements of the thermophoretic pellicle are: 1) the mask is kept warmer than its surroundings (either by heating the mask or by cooling the surroundings) and 2) the surrounding gas pressure is kept sufficiently high to enable thermophoretic protection. Experiments are presented which verify the viability of thermophoretic protection for EUV masks under model conditions. In these experiments, wafers are exposed to monodisperse polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres under carefully controlled experimental conditions. Robust thermophoretic protection is observed over a wide range of argon gas pressures (50-1600 mTorr or 6.66-213 Pa), particle sizes (65-300 nm), and temperature gradients (2-15 K/cm). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rader, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0834, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 182 EP 193 DI 10.1117/12.472288 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600018 ER PT S AU Ballard, WP Bernardez, LJ Lafon, RE Anderson, RJ Perras, Y Leung, A Shields, H Petach, MB Pierre, RJS Bristol, R AF Ballard, WP Bernardez, LJ Lafon, RE Anderson, RJ Perras, Y Leung, A Shields, H Petach, MB Pierre, RJS Bristol, R BE Englestad, RL TI High-power, laser-produced-plasma EUV source SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE EUVL; lithography; laser-produced plasma; laser plasma source ID ULTRAVIOLET AB The Engineering Test Stand (ETS) is an "alpha-class" Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography tool designed to demonstrate full-field EUV imaging and provide data required to accelerate production-tool development. The illumination system of the ETS is based on a laser-produced plasma (LPP) source using a recirculating Xe target medium. A Nd:YAG laser focused onto a Xe-gas or liquid target creates a plasma producing 13.4 nm radiation, at the center of the Si/Mo multilayer mirror passband. A condenser system, comprised of multilayer-coated and grazing incidence mirrors, collects the ELTV radiation and directs it onto a reflecting reticle. A 1500 W LPP source has been integrated with the ETS and used for lithography. Two Xe spray sources have been evaluated, a cluster jet and a liquid sprThe Engineering Test Stand (ETS) is an "alpha-class" Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography tool designed to demonstrate full-field EUV imaging and provide data required to accelerate production-tool development. The illumination system of the ETS is based on a laser-produced plasma (LPP) source using a recirculating Xe target medium. A Nd:YAG laser focused onto a Xe-gas or liquid target creates a plasma producing 13.4 nm radiation, at the center of the Si/Mo multilayer mirror passband. A condenser system, comprised of multilayer-coated and grazing incidence mirrors, collects the EUV radiation and directs it onto a reflecting reticle. A 1500 W LPP source has been integrated with the ETS and used for lithography. Two Xe spray sources have been evaluated, a cluster jet and a liquid spray jet. The cluster jet Xe source output rapidly degraded from heating of the hardware by the plasma causing the Xe clusters to be too small for efficient conversion. The TRW-designed liquid spray jet operates stably for hours and with tripled conversion efficiency into the condenser optics (0.2% into 2% bandwidth and pi steradians), producing EUV in the ETS.ay jet. The cluster jet Xe source output rapidly degraded from heating of the hardware by the plasma causing the Xe clusters to be too small for efficient conversion. The TRW-designed liquid spray jet operates stably for hours and with tripled conversion efficiency into the condenser optics (0.2% into 2% bandwidth and 2pi steradians), producing EUV in the ETS. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ballard, WP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9409,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1117/12.472303 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600030 ER PT S AU Klebanoff, LE Grunow, PA Graham, S Cliff, WM Leung, AH Haney, SJ AF Klebanoff, LE Grunow, PA Graham, S Cliff, WM Leung, AH Haney, SJ BE Englestad, RL TI Environmental data from the Engineering Test Stand SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE optics; contamination; EUV; lithography; cleaning; ETS AB The EUV Engineering Test Stand (ETS) has demonstrated the printing of 100 nm resolution scanned images. This milestone was achieved with the ETS operating in an initial low-power configuration using a 40 W laser combined with a Xe clusterjet. The third condenser component is referred to as "C3, of which there are six individual optics. The first set of "C3" Illuminator optics was removed after this low-power operation, and extensively characterized for EUV-induced contamination. EUV reflectivity data indicate a decrease in reflectivity from an initial 66% to similar to48-56% (depending on location), with the more intensely illuminated areas of the C3 having the smaller final reflectivity. Auger electron spectroscopy indicated the observed reflectivity decrease can be largely attributed to carbon contamination, similar to 150-300Angstrom thick depending on location. No evidence was found for optic oxidation, indicating EtOH successfully prevented EUV/H2O oxidation of the outermost Si layer during exposure to both EUV and out-of-band radiation. Measurements of the reflectivity centroid wavelength showed a negligible change, suggesting the observed variations were due to surface contamination and not bulk multilayer radiation damage. The carbon contamination could be removed by RF-O-2 cleaning. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Klebanoff, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 310 EP 315 DI 10.1117/12.472304 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600031 ER PT S AU Sommargren, GE Phillion, DW Johnson, MA Nguyen, NQ Barty, A Snell, FJ Dillon, DR Bradsher, LS AF Sommargren, GE Phillion, DW Johnson, MA Nguyen, NQ Barty, A Snell, FJ Dillon, DR Bradsher, LS BE Englestad, RL TI 100-picometer interferometry for EUVL SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; aspheric mirrors; interferometry AB Future extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) steppers will, in all likelihood, have six-mirror projection cameras. To operate at the diffraction Emit over an acceptable depth of focus each aspheric mirror will have to be fabricated with an absolute figure accuracy approaching 100pm rms. We are currently developing visible light interferometry to meet this need based on modifications of our present phase shifting diffraction interferometry (PSDI) methodology where we achieved an absolute accuracy of 250pm. The basic PSDI approach has been further simplified, using lensless imaging based on computational diffractive back-propagation, to eliminate auxiliary optics that typically limit measurement accuracy. Small remaining error sources, related to geometric positioning, CCD camera pixel spacing and laser wavelength, have been modeled and measured. Using these results we have estimated the total system error for measuring off-axis aspheric EUVL mirrors with this new approach to interferometry. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sommargren, GE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 316 EP 328 DI 10.1117/12.472305 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600032 ER PT S AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Bokor, J Chapman, HN AF Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Bokor, J Chapman, HN BE Englestad, RL TI Honing the accuracy of extreme ultraviolet optical system testing: at-wavelength and visible-light measurements of the ETS Set-2 projection optic SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE interferometry; extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUV; at-wavelength testing; EUV visible-light comparison ID POINT-DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETER; EUV; TOOL AB As the quality of optical systems for extreme ultraviolet lithography improves, high-accuracy wavefront metrology for alignment and qualification becomes ever more important. To enable the development of diffraction-limited EUV projection optics, visible-light and EUV interferometries must work in close collaboration. We present a detailed comparison of EUV and visible-light wavefront measurements performed across the field of view of a lithographic-quality EUV projection optical system designed for use in the Engineering Test Stand developed by the Virtual National Laboratory and the EUV Limited Liability Company. The comparisons reveal that the present level of RMS agreement ties in the 0.3-0.4-nm range. Astigmatism is the most significant aberration component for the alignment of this optical system; it is also the dominant term in the discrepancy, and the aberration with the highest measurement uncertainty. With EUV optical systems requiring total wavefront quality in the; lambda(Euv)/50 (0.25 nm) range, and even higher surface-figure quality for the individual mirror elements, improved accuracy through future comparisons, and additional studies, are required. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1117/12.472306 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600033 ER PT S AU Barty, A Mirkarimi, PB Stearns, DG Sweeney, D Chapman, HN Clift, M Hector, S Yi, MS AF Barty, A Mirkarimi, PB Stearns, DG Sweeney, D Chapman, HN Clift, M Hector, S Yi, MS BE Englestad, RL TI EUVL mask blank repair SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; mask; reticle; defect; multilayer; printability; cost of ownership AB EUV mask blanks are fabricated by depositing a reflective Mo/Si multilayer film onto super-polished substrates. Small defects in this thin film coating can significantly alter the reflected field and introduce defects in the printed image. Ideally one would want to produce defect-free mask blanks; however, this may be very difficult to achieve in practice. One practical way to increase the yield of mask blanks is to effectively repair multilayer defects, and to this effect we present two complementary defect repair strategies for use on multilayer-coated EUVL mask blanks. A defect is any area on the mask which causes unwanted variations in EUV dose in the aerial image obtained in a printing tool, and defect repair is correspondingly defined as any strategy that renders a defect unprintable during exposure. The term defect mitigation can be adopted to describe any strategy which renders a critical defect non-critical when printed, and in this regard a non-critical defect is one that does not adversely affect device function. Defects in the patterned absorber layer consist of regions where metal, typically chrome, is unintentionally added or removed from the pattern leading to errors in the reflected field. There currently exists a mature technology based on ion beam milling and ion beam assisted deposition for repairing defects in the absorber layer of transmission lithography masks, and it is reasonable to expect that these this technology will be extended to the repair of absorber defects in EUVL masks'. However, techniques designed for the repair of absorber layers can not be directly applied to the repair of defects in the mask blank, and in particular the multilayer film. In this paper we present for the first time a new technique for the repair of amplitude defects as well as recent results on the repair of phase defects. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barty, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1117/12.472313 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600039 ER PT S AU Yi, MS Park, M Mirkarimi, P Larson, C Bokor, J AF Yi, MS Park, M Mirkarimi, P Larson, C Bokor, J BE Englestad, RL TI At-wavelength inspection of defect smoothing in EUVL masks SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE at-wavelength; actinic; defect smoothing; EUVL; mask; phase defect; inspection ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY AB Results of at-wavelength inspection of EUVL mask substrate defects which were smoothed using multilayer coatings are presented. Programmed mask substrate defects were made with 80nm gold (Au) spheres, which were deposited on the mask substrate before the Mo/Si reflective multilayer coating. After coating, at-wavelength and visible-light inspection of the mask substrates were performed. The smoothing process was found to be effective in significantly suppressing the EUV visibility of the defects. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yi, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1117/12.472314 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600040 ER PT S AU Graham, S Malinowski, ME Steinhaus, CE Grunow, PA Klebanoff, LE AF Graham, S Malinowski, ME Steinhaus, CE Grunow, PA Klebanoff, LE BE Englestad, RL TI Studies of EUV contamination mitigation SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE RF discharge cleaning; atomic hydrogen; optics; contamination ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; DISCHARGE AB Carbon contamination removal was investigated using remote RF-O-2, RF-H-2, and atomic hydrogen experiments. Samples consisted of silicon wafers coated with 100 A sputtered carbon, as well as bare Si-capped Mo/Si optics. Samples were exposed to atomic hydrogen or RF plasma discharges at 100 W, 200 W, and 300 W. Carbon removal rate, optic oxidation rate, at-wavelength (13.4 nm) peak reflectance, and optic surface roughness were characterized. Data show that RF- O-2 removes carbon at a rate approximately 6 times faster RF- H-2 for a given discharge power. However, both cleaning techniques induce Mo/Si optic degradation through the loss of reflectivity associated with surface oxide growth for RF-O-2 and an unknown mechanism with hydrogen cleaning. Atomic hydrogen cleaning shows carbon removal rates sufficient for use as an in-situ cleaning strategy for EUVoptics with less risk of optic degradation from overexposures than RF-discharge cleaning. While hydrogen cleaning (RF and atomic) of EUV optics has proven effective in carbon removal, attempts to dissociate hydrogen in co-exposures with EUV radiation have resulted in no detectable removal of carbon contamination. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Graham, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 431 EP 441 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600044 ER PT S AU Malinowski, M Steinhaus, C Clift, M Klebanoff, LE Mrowka, S Soufli, R AF Malinowski, M Steinhaus, C Clift, M Klebanoff, LE Mrowka, S Soufli, R BE Englestad, RL TI Controlling contamination in Mo/Si multilayer mirrors by Si surface-capping modifications SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE multilayer mirror; extreme ultraviolet; carbon deposition; photoelectrons; ETS ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; CARBON CONTAMINATION AB The performance of Mo/Si multilayer mirrors (MLMs) used to reflect extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation in an EUV + hydrocarbon (HC) vapor environment can be improved by optimizing the silicon capping layer thickness on the MLM in order to minimize the initial buildup of carbon on MLMs. Carbon buildup is undesirable since it can absorb EUV radiation and reduce MLM reflectivity. A set of Mo/Si NILMs deposited on Si wafers was fabricated such that each MLM had a different Si capping layer thickness ranging from 2 nm to 7 nm. Samples from each MLM wafer were exposed to a combination of EUV light + (HC) vapors at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron in order to determine if the Si capping layer thickness affected the carbon buildup on the MLMs. It was found that the capping layer thickness had a major influence on this "carbonizing" tendency, with the 3 nm layer thickness providing the best initial resistance to carbonizing and accompanying EUV reflectivity loss in the MLM. The Si capping layer thickness deposited on a typical EUVL optic is 4.3 nm. Measurements of the absolute reflectivities performed on the Calibration and Standards beamline at the ALS indicated the EUV reflectivity of the 3 nm-capped MLM was actually slightly higher than that of the normal, 4 nm Si-capped sample. These results show that the use of a 3 nm capping layer represents an improvement over the 4 nm layer since the 3 nm has both a higher absolute reflectivity and better initial resistance to carbon buildup. The results also support the general concept of minimizing the electric field intensity at the MLM surface to minimize photoelectron production and, correspondingly, carbon buildup in a EUV+HC vapor environment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Malinowski, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 442 EP 453 DI 10.1117/12.472320 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600045 ER PT S AU Blaedel, KL Taylor, JS Hector, SD Yan, PY Ramamoorthy, A Brooker, PD AF Blaedel, KL Taylor, JS Hector, SD Yan, PY Ramamoorthy, A Brooker, PD BE Englestad, RL TI Vendor capability for low thermal expansion mask substrates for EUV Lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VI CY MAR 05-07, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, International SEMATECH DE EUV lithography; EUVL reticles; EUVL substrates; EUVL masks ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; THIN-FILMS AB Development of manufacturing infrastructure is required to ensure a commercial source of mask substrates for the timely introduction of EUVL. Improvements to the low thermal expansion materials that compose the substrate have been made, but need to be scaled to production quantities. We have been evaluating three challenging substrate characteristics to determine the state of the infrastructure for the finishing of substrates. First, surface roughness is on track and little risk is associated with achieving the roughness requirement as an independent specification. Second, with new flatness-measuring equipment just coming on line, the vendors are poised for improvement toward the SEMI P37 flatness specification. Third, significant acceleration is needed in the reduction of defect levels on substrates. The lack of high-sensitivity defect metrology at the vendors' sites is limiting progress in developing substrates for EUVL. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Blaedel, KL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4434-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4688 BP 767 EP 778 DI 10.1117/12.472273 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV06G UT WOS:000177731600079 ER PT S AU Telford, JW AF Telford, JW GP ISA ISA TI Instrumentation considerations for manufacturing facilities SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES UPDATE, VOL II SE TECHNICAL PAPERS OF ISA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Emerging Technologies Conference CY OCT 22-23, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Instrumentat Syst & Automat Soc DE process monitoring; reliability; process database AB This study will examine the design and development of a comprehensive instrumentation package. The case in point involves a shielded, atmospherically controlled facility and the instrumentation deals with monitoring of multiple, separate glove box units. Design considerations include environmental problems, reliability concerns, database setup, reporting, alarming, and the relationship between process control systems and process monitoring systems. Factors such as cost, ease of installation, ease of maintenance, ease of upgrading, and operator convenience will be discussed and compared. Process monitoring is an emerging development at our facilities. It is based on the need for increased security and safety and not on the control of the actual manufacturing. One of the unique features of our efforts is the redirection of existing instrumentation techniques to monitor parameters that were not previously observed. This is a refinement in terms of the use of automated measurements to increase the quality envelope. For example, by monitoring the quality of the electrical power fed to a process, we can prevent damage to costly equipment. By monitoring atmospheric quality, we can prevent product damage that would only be noticed in inspections much further down on the assembly line. By monitoring atmospheric pressures in the shielded areas, we can prevent injuries to employees caused by leakage of hazardous components. In many high technology environments, this need to protect workers is becoming even more critical because of the, complexity of our modem systems. Participants will emerge with a set of guidelines useful for designing instrumentation systems as separate entities from process control systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Telford, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LA-UR 02-5284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 1054-0032 J9 TECH PAPERS ISA PY 2002 VL 426 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW53T UT WOS:000182321600008 ER PT S AU Santini, DJ Vyas, AD Anderson, JL An, F AF Santini, DJ Vyas, AD Anderson, JL An, F GP TRB TI Hybridizing with engine power reduction SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2002: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Res & Special Programs Adm, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB Although many studies that use vehicle simulation models to estimate fuel economy gains for a range of hybrid vehicles have attempted to control for the comparability of performance between conventional and hybrid vehicles, different rules and simulation models have been used. The fuel economy gain estimates versus performance change for a set of those studies are reviewed, and causes for the wide range in estimates of fuel economy gain when hybridizing a gasoline-fueled vehicle are examined. Data are compiled, and relationships are discussed in detail for 18 cases: three studies of four or more cases each. The data are used to develop statistical models to evaluate the causes of variation in fuel economy gain within and across the studies. Three studies (each evaluating one case only) that predict lower fuel economy gains than the first three are also examined. Explanations and adjustments are provided to illustrate that the differences across the studies are less than a cursory reading would imply. Most notably, potential fuel economy gain via hybridization increases as the 0-to-60-mph times of the compared vehicle pairs drop (and power-to-weight ratios increase). Also a reduction in engine power is necessary to obtain large benefits. The most complex statistical model developed indicates that an increase in electric motor power relative to engine power improves the fuel economy of hybrids, up to a point. Finally, results indicate that continuous top-speed and grade-climbing ability win drop if a less powerful engine is used. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Novi, MI 48375 USA. RP Santini, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07742-7 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1815 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BW20M UT WOS:000181177500003 ER PT S AU Saricks, CL AF Saricks, CL GP TRB TI Estimating air pollutant reduction credits for alternative-fuel vehicles with AirCred SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2002: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Res & Special Programs Adm, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB Primarily to assist the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Cities coalitions in estimating the net benefits of reducing air pollutant emissions gained by acquiring original equipment manufacture (OEM) alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVs), Argonne National Laboratory has developed a graphical user interface-based benefit calculation model called AirCred. The application of this modeling tool has been extended to the estimation of state implementation plan credits for AFVs that may be claimed in nonattainment and maintenance regions for ozone and carbon monoxide. The tool also has been approved for and applied to the quantification of projected program benefits in applications for grant support to purchase OEM AFVs under the U.S. Department of Transportation's Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Program. First, the model's founding principles and relatively simple mechanics are presented, accompanied by graphic displays of data input screens and comparative results for various vehicular categories. Current and future plans are cited for enhancement of the tool, including its respecification for consistency with MOBILE6 and for air planning in the yet-to-be-designated nonattainment areas for ambient particulate matter of 2.5 mum and smaller. Then some issues and controversies about how and where AirCred should be applied are chronicled. Finally, some example applications are presented to illustrate the residual benefits of AFVs over time relative to their conventionally fueled counterparts of the same (recent) model year. Results indicate that AFVs of certain categories will remain viable and attractive candidates for reducing air emissions in ozone and carbon monoxide air quality control regions well into the future. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Transportat Technol Res & Dev Ctr, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Saricks, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Transportat Technol Res & Dev Ctr, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave,ES-362-2G, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07742-7 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1815 BP 38 EP 46 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BW20M UT WOS:000181177500005 ER PT S AU Tonn, BE Das, S AF Tonn, BE Das, S GP TRB TI Assessment of platinum availability for advanced fuel-cell vehicles SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2002: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Res & Special Programs Adm, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc ID TECHNOLOGY AB The supply and demand of platinum-group metals (PGMs) are assessed through 2030. Recent increases in PGM demand and tight supplies from the two main sources have caused platinum and palladium prices to rise substantially. Future PGM demand driven by new technologies could significantly outstrip supplies. Five scenarios are based on different assumptions about demand for platinum in automotive fuel cells, demand for new vehicles in developing countries, the market penetration of vehicles with fuel cells and advanced catalytic converters, and several other factors. The scenarios suggest a midterm boom in the PGM market caused by increasing demand for platinum for fuel-cell vehicles and an increased use of advanced catalytic converters containing high amounts of PGMs, which could squeeze supplies between 2005 and 2020. This period would potentially be followed by a bust in PGM demand by 2030, as recycling exerts an influence on overall demand in developing countries. Demand for PGMs could outstrip supplies regardless of the market penetration rates of fuel-cell vehicles because of the demand for relatively high amounts of PGMs for advanced catalytic converters. Future research should focus on assessing costs associated with increasing PGM production and on PGM market dynamics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tonn, BE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6207,Bldg 4500N, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07742-7 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1815 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BW20M UT WOS:000181177500012 ER PT J AU Saripalli, P McGrail, P AF Saripalli, P McGrail, P TI Semi-analytical approaches to modeling deep well injection of CO2 for geological sequestration SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; underground CO2 storage; deep well injection; modeling ID BASIN AB Geological sequestration of CO2 has been recognized as an important strategy for reducing the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Simple and easy to use modeling tools would be valuable in assessing the performance of a deep well operation during and after injection. Presented here is a semi-analytical model to simulate the deep well injection of CO2 for geological sequestration. Equations governing the radial injection of an immiscible CO2 phase into saturated confined formations (representing deep saline aquifers and reservoirs), its axisymmetric flow around the injector and eventual buoyancy driven floating with simultaneous dissolution were formulated. The effect of pertinent fluid, reservoir and operational characteristics on the deep well injection Of CO2 was investigated. The results indicate that the injected CO2 initially grows as a bubble radially outward, a part of which eventually dissolves in the formation waters, floats toward the top due to buoyancy and settles near the top confining layer. It was shown that the formation permeability and porosity, as well as the rate and pressure of injection, all have a significant influence on the growth and ultimate distribution of the immiscible CO2 phase. Further, dissolution Of CO2 also was shown to have a significant effect on the growth and distribution of the CO2 bubble. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saripalli, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, 1313 Sigma V Complex K6-81, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(01)00017-6 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 499GX UT WOS:000172564200003 ER PT B AU Radcliffe, LL Westbrook, J AF Radcliffe, LL Westbrook, J GP ASEM TI Trust inventory for the spallation neutron source virtual project team SO ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT IN THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 02-05, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Univ S Florida, Ind & Management Syst, Amer Soc Engn Management ID MODEL AB This paper reports the findings from a trust inventory (survey) of the country's largest science project, the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). SNS is a virtual project team comprised of six national laboratories. The inventory evaluated traditional Co-located team trust factors, Virtual team trust factors that are based on team leader and team member actions, and whether trust factors related to Swift Trust were present on the SNS project. The order of trust factors having the most to the least impact on the project was Virtual team, Co-located team, and then Swift Trust. The inventory showed the project's trust climate was healthy. Positive scores were recorded in the Virtual team trust factor subcategories of performance, competency and integrity. The "Concern for others" subcategory, however, needed attention across the entire project. Trust inventory scores for this subcategory were low at every national lab. The 38-question survey used a Likert-type scale. One partnering laboratory had a disproportionately higher share of lowest scoring questions. C1 US DOE, Oak Ridge Operat Off, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Radcliffe, LL (reprint author), US DOE, Oak Ridge Operat Off, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2002 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BY64C UT WOS:000189427900028 ER PT J AU Henshaw, WD AF Henshaw, WD TI An algorithm for projecting points onto a-patched CAD model SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meshing Roundtable CY 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA DE CAD models; grid generation; hyperbolic; overlapping grids; surface grids AB We are interested in building structured overlapping grids for geometries defined by Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) packages. Geometric information defining the boundary surfaces of a computation domain is often provided in the form of a collection of possibly hundreds of trimmed patches. The first step in building an overlapping volume grid on such a geometry is to build overlapping surface grids. A surface grid is typically built using hyperbolic grid generation; starting from a curve on the surface, a grid is grown by marching over the surface. A given hyperbolic grid will typically cover many of the underlying CAD surface patches. The fundamental operation needed for building surface grids is that of projecting a point in space onto the closest point on the CAD surface. We describe a fast and robust algorithm for performing this projection which makes use of a fairly coarse global triangulation of the CAD geometry. Before the global triangulation is constructed the connectivity of the model is determined by an edge-matching algorithm which corrects for gaps and overlaps between neighbouring patches. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Henshaw, WD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, L-661, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM henshaw@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s003660200023 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 621EL UT WOS:000179575500009 ER PT J AU Platner, JH Bennett, LM Millikan, R Barker, MDG AF Platner, JH Bennett, LM Millikan, R Barker, MDG TI The partnership between breast cancer advocates and scientists SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Breast Cancer and Environmental Mutagens CY SEP 22-25, 2001 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE breast cancer; advocacy; environment; partnerships; National Breast Cancer Coalition (NBCC); project LEAD ID ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-FACTORS AB The National Breast Cancer Coalition (NBCC) is a grassroots organization that represents breast cancer advocates and is committed to eradicating breast cancer. NBCC defines a breast cancer advocate as someone who has been personally affected by the disease (e.g., a breast cancer survivor, family member, or friend), represents a constituency, and is motivated to join the fight against the disease. One of the organization's goals is to ensure that breast cancer advocates have a seat at the table when decisions are made about breast cancer research and policy. To accomplish this goal, NBCC educates advocates so that they can participate in and make meaningful contributions to legislative, scientific, and regulatory decision-making bodies. In addition to creating educational opportunities for advocates, NBCC has spearheaded several initiatives designed to directly increase the quality and quantity of breast cancer research. NBCC has also played a major role in making funding available to breast cancer researchers. Two of NBCC's most notable programs include Project LEAD, an intensive science-training course for breast cancer advocates, and the Environmental Initiative, a collection of activities designed to improve research into the relationship between breast cancer and the environment. Breast cancer advocates trained by NBCC have partnered with the scientific community and individual scientists to improve the peer review, design, and implementation of breast cancer research. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Breast Canc Coalit, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Platner, JH (reprint author), Natl Breast Canc Coalit, 1707 L St NW,Suite 1060, Washington, DC 20036 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R21-CA66201, P50CA58223]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ES07128] NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1002/em.10055 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 532UT UT WOS:000174494000005 PM 11921176 ER PT J AU Felton, JS Knize, MG Salmon, CP Malfatti, MA Kulp, KS AF Felton, JS Knize, MG Salmon, CP Malfatti, MA Kulp, KS TI Human exposure to heterocyclic amine food mutagens/carcinogens: Relevance to breast cancer SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Breast Cancer and Environmental Mutagens CY SEP 22-25, 2001 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE dietary mutagen; heterocyclic aromatic amines; glucuronide; PhIP; tumorigenicity; chemoprevention ID FRIED GROUND-BEEF; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE PHIP; COOKED FOODS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; LIVER-MICROSOMES; COLON-CANCER; MUTAGEN; GLUCURONIDATION; IDENTIFICATION; CHICKEN AB Heterocyclic amines produced from overcooked foods are extremely mutagenic in numerous in vitro and in vivo test systems. One of these mutagens, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), induces breast tumors in rats and has been implicated in dietary epidemiology studies as raising the risk of breast cancer in humans. Efforts in our laboratory and others have centered on defining the exposure to PhIP and other dietary mutagens derived from cooked food. We accomplish this by analyzing the foods with a series of solid-phase extractions and HPLC. We have developed an LC/MS/MS method to analyze the four major human PhIP metabolites (sulfates and glucuronides) following a single meal containing 27 mug of cooking-produced PhIP in 200 g of grilled meat. Although the intake of PhIP was similar for each of eight women, the total amount excreted in the urine and the metabolite profiles differed among the subjects. It appears that adsorption (digestion) from the meat matrix, other foods in the diet, and genetic differences in metabolism may contribute to the variation. The four major metabolites that can be routinely assayed in the urine are N-2-OH-PhIP-N-2-glucuronide, PhIP-N-2-glucuronide, 4'-PhIP-glucuronide, and N-2-OH-PhIP-N3-glucuronide. This work is suited to investigate individual exposure and risk, especially for breast cancer, from these potent dietary mutagens. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol & Struct Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Felton, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol & Struct Biol Div, L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 55 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1002/em.10070 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 532UT UT WOS:000174494000007 PM 11921178 ER PT J AU Bennett, LM Davis, BJ AF Bennett, LM Davis, BJ TI Identification of mammary carcinogens in rodent bioassays SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Breast Cancer and Environmental Mutagens CY SEP 22-25, 2001 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE mammary; carcinogen; National Toxicology Program; bioassay; rodent; exposure ID TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODELS; BREAST-CANCER; CHLOROPRENE 2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE; MICE; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; GLAND; 1,3-BUTADIENE; INDUCTION; MUTATION; TISSUE AB Results from chemical carcinogenesis studies in rodents are useful to identify substances in our environment that may contribute to cancer development. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) was established in 1978 to coordinate research and testing of potential human carcinogens and to publish the Report on Carcinogens, which lists human carcinogens. The results for over 500 chemicals tested in the NTP 2-year bioassays have been published in Technical Reports and include data for chemical, agent, or complex mixture exposures. The bioassays have identified 42 chemicals that induce tumors in the rodent mammary gland. The physical and chemical characteristics of the carcinogens vary, but epoxides (including chemicals metabolized to epoxides) and nitro-containing compounds are well represented. The 9th Report on Carcinogens, issued in 2000, lists 21 of the 42 chemicals as human carcinogens including benzene, ethylene oxide, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, C.I. basic red 9, and C.I. acid red 114. Ethylene oxide was associated with increased breast cancer risk in an epidemiologic study, whereas other listed chemicals, for which human data are available display different target organ specificity. Bioassays other than those conducted by the NTP also provide information about rodent mammary gland carcinogens. Several carcinogen exposures are associated with breast tumor induction in both humans and rodents including radiation, diethylstilbestrol, and estrogens. These studies demonstrate that route, timing and frequency of exposure, and genetic factors contribute to the overall susceptibility to breast cancer development. More information is needed on the effects of chemicals to which humans are exposed and the manner by which they influence breast cancer risks. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genet Canc Grp, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NIEHS, Lab Womens Hlth, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bennett, LM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genet Canc Grp, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, BBRP-L-448,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lmbennett@llnl.gov NR 50 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1002/em.10068 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 532UT UT WOS:000174494000012 PM 11921183 ER PT J AU Li, DH Wang, MY Firozi, PF Chang, P Zhang, WQ Baer-Dubowska, W Moorthy, B Vulimiri, SV Goth-Goldstein, R Weyand, EH DiGiovanni, J AF Li, DH Wang, MY Firozi, PF Chang, P Zhang, WQ Baer-Dubowska, W Moorthy, B Vulimiri, SV Goth-Goldstein, R Weyand, EH DiGiovanni, J TI Characterization of a major aromatic DNA adduct detected in human breast tissues SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Breast Cancer and Environmental Mutagens CY SEP 22-25, 2001 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NORTH CAROLINA SP Environm Mutagen Soc DE DNA adduct; rechromatography analysis; Spot 1; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; comigration; chemical carcinogens ID CELL-LINE MCF-7; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CANCER ETIOLOGY; DIOL EPOXIDES; BINDING; DAMAGE; LIVER; ASSAY AB A bulky DNA adduct (Spot 1) was previously detected in normal adjacent breast tissues of 41% (36/87) of women with breast cancer and in none (0/29) of the noncancer controls by P-32-postlabeling, To characterize this adduct, it was chromatographically compared with DNA adduct profiles generated in several in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. First, MCF-7 cells were exposed to a number of chemical carcinogens, that is, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 4-OH-B[a]P, 9-OH-B[a]P, 11-OH-B[a]P, B[a]P-trans-4,5-dihydrodiol, 1-nitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. Spot I was detected as a minor adduct in cells treated with B[a]P but not other compounds. Second, to determine whether Spot 1 is derived from lipid peroxidation products or estrogen metabolites, it was compared with adduct profiles of cells or DNAs exposed to 17beta-estradiol, 4-hydroxy estradiol, 4,hydroxynonenal, or oxidized oat oil. Spot I was not detectable in these samples. In addition, Spot I did not comigrate, with the 1,N-2-ethenodeoxyguanosine adduct standard. Third, to explore the mechanism of Spot 1 formation, it was compared with adduct profiles detected in DNA or mononucleotides reacted with BPDE, 1-OH-7,8-dihydrodiol of B[a]P, and 3-OH-7,8-dihydrodiol of B[a]P as well as in rats orally treated with B[a]P. Spot 1 comigrated with a minor adduct in BPDE-treated DNA during anion exchange rechromatography but these two adducts were separated by partition chromatography. Spot 1 also behaved in a manner that was very similar to that of the polar B[a]P adducts detected in rat liver, but the two adducts were separated by HPLC. Fourth, Spot 1 was compared with CD1 mice exposed to 7H-benzo[c]fluorene (B[c]F). Spot 1 from some patients comigrated with a major adduct induced by 13[c]F. Finally, we found that the presence of Spot I in human breast tissues was not related to smoking status but, rather, with CYP1A1 Mspl polymorphism. The CYP1A1 mutant carriers had a significantly higher frequency of this adduct than did the wild-type genotypes. Furthermore, individuals with Spot 1 had a significantly higher staining intensity for BPDE-PAH adducts in their tissue sections than those without it. These results demonstrate that this major bulky DNA adduct detected in human breast tissues is related to PAH exposure. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gastrointestinal Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Rockford, IL 61107 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Rutgers State Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Li, DH (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gastrointestinal Med Oncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Baer-Dubowska, Wanda/0000-0002-6625-5343; Vulimiri, Suryanarayana/0000-0003-3734-0036 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA70264]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ES07784] NR 24 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1002/em.10063 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 532UT UT WOS:000174494000018 PM 11921189 ER PT B AU McGuire, RR Shepley, DC Hoffman, DM Alcaraz, A Raber, E AF McGuire, RR Shepley, DC Hoffman, DM Alcaraz, A Raber, E BE McGuire, RR Compton, JC TI Oxidative decontamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF CONVERTING CW FACILITIES TO PEACEFUL PURPOSES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes and Derivative Technologies in Modeling, Medicine and Monitoring CY MAR, 1999 CL AC LAB, SPIEZ, SWITZERLAND SP NATO, Inst Sci Technol Ctr HO AC LAB C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McGuire, RR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0996-8 J9 NATO SCI PRT 1 DISAR PY 2002 VL 37 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BV82Z UT WOS:000180136000006 ER PT B AU Alcaraz, A Andresen, BD AF Alcaraz, A Andresen, BD BE McGuire, RR Compton, JC TI Rapid screening methods to isolate proliferation related compounds from suspect samples utilizing solid phase microextraction (SPME) technology SO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF CONVERTING CW FACILITIES TO PEACEFUL PURPOSES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes and Derivative Technologies in Modeling, Medicine and Monitoring CY MAR, 1999 CL AC LAB, SPIEZ, SWITZERLAND SP NATO, Inst Sci Technol Ctr HO AC LAB ID WATER AB The rapid field preparation of suspect samples is most important for on-site field analysis. Sample preparation is the limiting factor and becomes one of the most critical aspects of environmental monitoring. The analysis of Chemical Warfare (CW) compounds and their precursors in environmental samples are a labor intensive, time-consuming process requiring a fully equipped laboratory. Utilization of solid phase microextraction technology (SPME, Supelco Inc.) eliminates time consuming sample work-up procedures. We will discuss the advantages of utilizing SPME and in-situ derivatization techniques to eliminate time-consuming steps necessary to prepare a sample for on-site gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In addition, we will discuss three cases in this paper where SPME has facilitated the analysis of suspect CW samples. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Alcaraz, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-178, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0996-8 J9 NATO SCI PRT 1 DISAR PY 2002 VL 37 BP 89 EP 108 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BV82Z UT WOS:000180136000009 ER PT B AU Schneider, JF Johnson, D Stoll, N Thurow, K Koch, A Thurow, K AF Schneider, JF Johnson, D Stoll, N Thurow, K Koch, A Thurow, K BE McGuire, RR Compton, JC TI Portable x-ray fluorescence analysis of a CW facility site for arsenic containing warfare agents SO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF CONVERTING CW FACILITIES TO PEACEFUL PURPOSES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes and Derivative Technologies in Modeling, Medicine and Monitoring CY MAR, 1999 CL AC LAB, SPIEZ, SWITZERLAND SP NATO, Inst Sci Technol Ctr HO AC LAB AB Arsenic containing chemical warfare agents used in Germany during the second world war were destroyed at the end of the war. One consequence of this was the deposition of arsenic onto the soil. Arsenic contamination in soil is an environmental and human health problem. The extent and location of the arsenic contamination needed to be determined. Portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), measures arsenic and other metals in soil. Samples are irradiated with gamma rays, metal atoms absorb the gamma rays and-emit X-rays in a process called fluorescence. The energy of the emitted X-ray reveals the identity of the metal and the number of emitted X-rays is related to the concentration. Portable XRF spectrometers usually contain sealed radioactive sources to generate the gamma rays and are capable of measuring the concentration of several metals. Portable XRF was used to investigate arsenic and other heavy metal contamination in soil at the site of a German military base. Measurements were made directly on the soil surface, with little or no sample preparation. Soil samples were also collected for XRF and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) analysis after sample preparation and homogenization. Results showed good correlation between XRF and AA measurements. Portable XRF allowed investigators to quickly and accurately characterize arsenic contamination plumes in the field. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schneider, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0996-8 J9 NATO SCI PRT 1 DISAR PY 2002 VL 37 BP 139 EP 147 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BV82Z UT WOS:000180136000013 ER PT B AU Cooper, JF Balazs, GB Lewis, P Farmer, JC AF Cooper, JF Balazs, GB Lewis, P Farmer, JC BE McGuire, RR Compton, JC TI Direct chemical oxidation of mixed or toxic wastes SO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF CONVERTING CW FACILITIES TO PEACEFUL PURPOSES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes and Derivative Technologies in Modeling, Medicine and Monitoring CY MAR, 1999 CL AC LAB, SPIEZ, SWITZERLAND SP NATO, Inst Sci Technol Ctr HO AC LAB ID CHEMISTRY AB Direct Chemical Oxidation (DCO) is an ambient-pressure, low-temperature (<100 degreesC), and aqueous-based process for general-purpose destruction of the organic fraction of hazardous or mixed waste. It uses die peroxydisulfate anion (S2O82-) in acid or base solutions. The byproduct of the oxidation reaction, typically sodium or ammonium hydrogen sulfate, may be recycled electrolytically to produce the oxidant. The oxidation kinetic reaction is first order with respect to the peroxydisulfate concentration, expressed in equivalents. The rate constant is constant for nearly all dissolved organic compounds: k(a) = 0.01 +/- 0.005 min(-1). This reflects a common rate-determining step, which is the decomposition of the peroxydisulfate anion into die chemically active derivative, die sulfate radical anion, SO4-. This decomposition is promoted in DCO by raising the operating temperature into the range of 80-100 degreesC. Rates are given for approximately 30 substances with diverse functional groups at low concentrations, and for a number of solid and liquid wastes typical of nuclear and chemical industries. The process has been scale up for treatment studies on chlorinated hydrocarbons, in which the hydrolysis of solvent mixtures was followed by oxidation of products in a series of stirred tank reactors. Cost estimates, safety considerations, and a comprehensive bibliography are given. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cooper, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, L-352, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0996-8 J9 NATO SCI PRT 1 DISAR PY 2002 VL 37 BP 187 EP 202 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BV82Z UT WOS:000180136000018 ER PT B AU Beamon, JA Eynon, RT AF Beamon, JA Eynon, RT BE MarotoValer, MM Song, C Soong, Y TI Analysis of multiple emission strategies in energy markets SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL FOR FOSSIL FUEL UTILIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990; Kyoto protocol; emission caps; emission control equipment; allowance prices; new source performance review AB This paper considers the impacts of imposing restrictions on emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide from electric power plants. It provides impacts on electricity and fuel markets. Compliance with carbon dioxide emissions reductions is more costly than compliance with reductions in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. When carbon dioxide emissions are restricted, coal-fired generation declines and electricity prices increase. C1 US DOE, Coal & Elect Power Div, Energy Informat Adm, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Beamon, JA (reprint author), US DOE, Coal & Elect Power Div, Energy Informat Adm, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47336-4 PY 2002 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV74Y UT WOS:000179943300001 ER PT B AU Spath, PL AF Spath, PL BE MarotoValer, MM Song, C Soong, Y TI Using a life cycle approach in analyzing the net energy and global warming potential of power production via fossil fuels with CO2 sequestration compared to biomass SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL FOR FOSSIL FUEL UTILIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE life cycle; power production; fossil fuels; biomass; net energy; global warming potential AB An analysis was performed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to examine the global warming potential and energy balance of power generation from fossil and biomass systems including CO2 sequestration. To get the true environmental picture, a life cycle approach, which takes into account upstream process steps, was applied. Each system maintained the same constant generating capacity and any lost capacity due to CO, sequestration was accounted for by adding power generation from a natural gas combined-cycle system. This paper discusses the systems examined and gives the net energy and GWP for each system. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Spath, PL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47336-4 PY 2002 BP 89 EP 99 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV74Y UT WOS:000179943300007 ER PT B AU Fauth, DJ Baltrus, JP Soong, Y Knoer, JP Howard, BH Graham, WJ Maroto-Valer, MM Andresen, JM AF Fauth, DJ Baltrus, JP Soong, Y Knoer, JP Howard, BH Graham, WJ Maroto-Valer, MM Andresen, JM BE MarotoValer, MM Song, C Soong, Y TI Carbon storage and sequestration as mineral carbonates SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL FOR FOSSIL FUEL UTILIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE CO2 sequestration; mineral carbonation; ultramafic rocks; serpentine; olivine; carbon storage and sequestration; scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive; spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) AB The U.S. Department of Energy has identified mineral sequestration as a promising CO2 sequestration technology option, converting anthropogenic CO2 and magnesium silicates into permanent carbonate minerals. Advantages of a mineral CO2 mitigation scheme include (1) enormous deposits of ultramafic rock such as serpentine [Mg3Si2O5(OH)(4)] and olivine [(Mg,Fe)(2)SiO4], exist in nature, providing a large potential capacity for CO2 sequestration, (2) resulting magnesite (MgCO3) product is thermodynamically stable and environmentally benign, and (3) overall process is exothermic with potential to be implemented with acceptable economics. High carbonation efficiencies were attained at elevated temperatures and supercritical CO2 pressures employing magnesium silicate ores. However, unlike olivine, serpentine required an additional high temperature pre-treatment step to drive off hydroxyl groups prior to carbonation. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) identified magnesite as the primary reaction product. Mechanistic aspects of mineral dissolution/magnesium carbonate precipitation were investigated with the aid of scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) of polished cross sections of solid process grains. Alterations to both thermally pre-treated serpentine and natural olivine grains revealed outer surfaces to be noticeably depleted in magnesium in comparison to its inner core. Formation of silica rims on the reaction surfaces may slow further dissolution of magnesium from silicate grains. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Fauth, DJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. OI Maroto-Valer, Mercedes/0000-0003-1643-2863 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47336-4 PY 2002 BP 101 EP 117 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV74Y UT WOS:000179943300008 ER PT B AU Soong, Y Gray, ML Champagne, KJ Stevens, RW Toochinda, P Chuang, SSC AF Soong, Y Gray, ML Champagne, KJ Stevens, RW Toochinda, P Chuang, SSC BE MarotoValer, MM Song, C Soong, Y TI Novel solid sorbents for carbon dioxide capture SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL FOR FOSSIL FUEL UTILIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE solid sorbents; carbon dioxide capture ID CO2 AB Capture and separation of carbon dioxide from large point sources is a key step in the overall CO2 sequestration process. An improvement of the separation and capture of CO2 Will thus reduce the total cost required for sequestration. NETL has recently initiated a study to develop novel amine enriched solid sorbents for the capture of CO2. This concept is to prepare the solid sorbents via chemical treatment of the surface oxide of the high surface area materials with various amine compounds. Preliminary results indicate ;that the amine-enriched sorbents show a capability for capture/release of CO2, and the sorbents are regenerable. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Soong, Y (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47336-4 PY 2002 BP 147 EP 158 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV74Y UT WOS:000179943300011 ER PT B AU Shamsi, A Johnson, CD AF Shamsi, A Johnson, CD BE MarotoValer, MM Song, C Soong, Y TI Effect of pressure on catalyst activity and carbon deposition during CO2 reforming of methane over noble-metal catalysts SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL FOR FOSSIL FUEL UTILIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE methane reforming; CO2; dry reforming; catalysis ID SYNTHESIS GAS; CH4; CONVERSION; MOLYBDENUM; DIOXIDE; SUPPORT AB The reforming of methane with CO2 was studied over 1wt% Rh/alumina, kPt/ZrO2, and Ce-promoted Pt/ZrO2 catalysts at 800degreesC and pressures of 1, 8, and 14 bar. It was found that high pressure resulted in greater carbon formation, lower methane and CO2 conversions, as well as a lower H-2/CO ratio. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), of the catalysts after reaction, shows several CO2 peaks for the Ce-promoted catalyst, indicating several sources or types of carbon and/or several locations on the catalyst are involved with carbon deposition. The change in the temperature and intensity of the TPO peaks with pressure indicates that more stable carbon is deposited at high pressure. Thermodynamic calculations for the endothermic reaction of CH4 with CO2, CH4 decomposition, and CO disproportionation were also performed. The results of these calculations are consistent with CO disproportionation being a larger contributor to carbon deposition at high pressure. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Shamsi, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47336-4 PY 2002 BP 269 EP 283 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV74Y UT WOS:000179943300019 ER PT B AU Link, DD Taylor, CE AF Link, DD Taylor, CE BE MarotoValer, MM Song, C Soong, Y TI Reduction of CO2 in steam using a photocatalytic process to form formic acid SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL FOR FOSSIL FUEL UTILIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE carbon dioxide; formic acid; photocatalyst; sol-gel titania; photocatalytic conversion processes ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HYDROGENATION; CONVERSION; RUTHENIUM; METHANE AB The role that CO2 potentially plays in global climate change has prompted many researchers to study effective methods for converting it into useful raw materials. However, due to the barrier that the thermal stability of the CO2 molecule presents for effective conversion reactions, catalytic processes must often be used to afford efficient conversions. This work evaluates a photocatalytic process for the conversion of CO2 into formic acid. Using a sol-gel titania photocatalyst, light energy, and steam, CO2 is converted into formic acid inside a custom quartz conversion apparatus. Advantages to this conversion include the use of inexpensive and abundant reactants, light, water, and CO2, as well as potentially providing a mitigating technology for CO2 sequestration. Results for the conversion process are presented, and comments on the efficiency of the system under study, as well as a proposed photocatalytic material for future CO2 conversion research, are given. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Link, DD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47336-4 PY 2002 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV74Y UT WOS:000179943300024 ER PT B AU Gray, ML Champagne, KJ Soong, Y Killmeyer, RP Baltrus, J Maroto-Valer, AM Andresen, JM Ciocco, MV Zandhuis, PH AF Gray, ML Champagne, KJ Soong, Y Killmeyer, RP Baltrus, J Maroto-Valer, AM Andresen, JM Ciocco, MV Zandhuis, PH BE MarotoValer, MM Song, C Soong, Y TI Separation of fly ash carbons by various cleaning processes SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL FOR FOSSIL FUEL UTILIZATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE fly ash; agglomeration; unburned carbon; and combustion by-products AB An industrial fly ash sample was cleaned by three different processes, which were triboelectrostatic separation, ultrasonic column agglomeration, and column flotation, cleaned an industrial fly ash sample. The unburned carbon concentrates were collected at purities ranging up to 62% at recoveries of 62%. In addition, optical microscopy studies were conducted on the final carbon concentrates to determine the types of carbon (inertinite, isotropic coke and anisotropic coke) collected from these various cleaning processes. The effects of the various cleaning processes on the production of different carbon types from fly ash will be discussed. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Gray, ML (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Cochran Mills Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. OI Maroto-Valer, Mercedes/0000-0003-1643-2863 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47336-4 PY 2002 BP 403 EP 416 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV74Y UT WOS:000179943300028 ER PT S AU Bennett, JP Kwong, KS AF Bennett, JP Kwong, KS BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Refractory recycling - Concept to reality SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The reuse/recycling of spent refractory materials as a raw material by industry is limited by the value of the used material as a component in the process, by beneficiation costs, or by plant related factors. Economics and/or legislation continue to be the main driving forces in successful recycling programs. The lack of significant driving forces are why spent refractory materials are typically landfilled in most countries. Other factors are emerging that help to facilitate reuse/recycling, but none are strong driving forces. An evaluation will be made of successful recycling processes at a number of industries, including steel, aluminum, brass, and glass, in an effort to find similarities between them. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM bennett@alrc.doe.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700001 ER PT S AU Dahlin, CL Nilsen, DN Dahlin, DC Hunt, AH Collins, WK AF Dahlin, CL Nilsen, DN Dahlin, DC Hunt, AH Collins, WK BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Mineral processing techniques for recycling investment-casting shell SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID METAL MANUFACTURERS; MISSOURI AB The Albany Research Center of the U.S. Department of Energy used materials characterization and minerals beneficiation methods to separate and beneficially modify spent investment-mold components to identify recycling opportunities and minimize environmentally sensitive wastes. The physical and chemical characteristics of the shell materials were determined and used to guide bench-scale research to separate reusable components by mineral-beneficiation techniques. Successfully concentrated shell materials were evaluated for possible use in new markets. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dahlin, CL (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave,SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 31 EP 41 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700004 ER PT S AU Lerchen, M Patello, GK Blumenkranz, D Wiemers, K Huffman, L Yokel, J AF Lerchen, M Patello, GK Blumenkranz, D Wiemers, K Huffman, L Yokel, J BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Characterization of defense nuclear waste using hazardous waste guidance. Status of the evolving process at Hanford. SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Federal hazardous waste management,regulations were developed with the intent of addressing industrial waste generation and disposal. These same regulations are now applicable for much of the nation's defense nuclear wastes. At the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in southeast Washington State, one of the nation's largest inventories of nuclear waste remains in storage in large underground tanks. Detailed identification of the waste's composition and the requirements driven by its designations present many challenges in planning for its acceptable treatment and disposal. An approach to resolving the interferences and limitations inherent in characterizing these high-level mixed wastes will be discussed in the context of environmental guidance, permitting, and compliance under the hazardous waste regulations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lerchen, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN H6-61, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 63 EP 73 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700007 ER PT S AU Mellinger, G Holton, L Brown, N AF Mellinger, G Holton, L Brown, N BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Waste glass processing requirements of the Hanford tank waste treatment and immobilization plant SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB In December 2000, the Department of Energy awarded a contract to Bechtel National, Inc. for the design, construction and commissioning of a facility that will be used to pretreat and vitrify high-level tank waste currently stored in underground tanks at the Hanford Site in south-eastern Washington State. The facility will receive the waste, separate it into high-level waste (HLW) and low-activity waste (LAW) fractions. Both fractions will be vitrified; the HLW as borosilicate glass for off-site disposal in a licensed geologic repository, and the LAW as a silicate glass for disposal at Hanford. This paper discusses the glass processing requirements specified in the contract, and the technical baseline for the project with emphasis on the waste glass processing aspects of the baseline. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mellinger, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700010 ER PT S AU Kim, DS Vienna, JD AF Kim, DS Vienna, JD BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Influence of glass property restrictions on Hanford HLW glass volume SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A systematic evaluation of Hanford High-Level Waste (HLW) loading in alkali-alumino-borosilicate glasses was performed. The waste feed compositions used were obtained from current tank waste composition estimates, Hanford's baseline retrieval sequence, and pretreatment processes. The waste feeds were sorted into groups of like composition by cluster analysis. Glass composition optimization was performed on each cluster to meet property and composition constraints while maximizing waste loading. Glass properties were estimated using property models developed for Hanford HLW glasses. The impacts of many constraints on the volume of HLW glass to be produced at Hanford were evaluated. The liquidus temperature, melting temperature, chromium concentration, formation of multiple phases on cooling, and product consistency test response requirements for the glass were varied one- or many-at-a-time and the resultant glass volume was calculated. This study shows clearly that the allowance of crystalline phases in the glass melter can significantly decrease the volume of HLW glass to be produced at Hanford. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, DS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 105 EP 115 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700011 ER PT S AU Smith, GL Smith, HD Schweiger, MJ Bates, RJ AF Smith, GL Smith, HD Schweiger, MJ Bates, RJ BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Vitrification and testing of Hanford pretreated HLW sludge mixed with flowsheet quantities of secondary wastes SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Actual pretreated HLW samples along with flowsheet quantities of secondary wastes were vitrified to demonstrate the RPP-WTP projects ability to satisfy the HLW product ORP Phase B-I contract requirements concerning chemical and radionuclide reporting, waste loading, identification and quantification of crystalline and non-crystalline phases, and waste form leachability. Chemical composition of two HLW glasses (i.e., elements {excluding oxygen} present in concentrations greater than 0.5 percent by weight) were measured using ICP-AES of solutions generated by a KOH fusion and a Na2O2 fusion. The total waste percent oxide in the C-104 glass (all waste oxides (exclusive of Si) not identified in Table TS-1.1 of the contract) comes to 10.02%, which is greater than the required 8.0%. The total of Al2O3 + Fe2O3 + ZrO2 for AZ-102 Melt 1 is 21.96%, which is greater than the required 21.0%. The inventory of radionuclides (in Curies) was measured for each glass. The total and fissile uranium and plutonium content of each canister of waste glass were calculated and are: 1161.5 grains for C-104, 642.1 grams for AZ-102 Melt 1. After canister centerline cooling, no crystals were observed in the C-104 sample by XRD, optical examination, and SEM analysis. XRD analysis combined with optical microscopy and SEM EDS results of the CCC heat-treated AZ-102 Melt, I glass sample indicated the presence of a crystalline phase at approximately I to 2 volume percent, most likely trevorite and chromite. The normalized lithium, sodium and boron 90degreesC PCT releases for the C-104 and AZ-102 Melt I glasses are: 1) (for lithium) 0.5 g/m(2) and 0.4 g/m(2); 2) (for sodium) 0.4 g/m(2) and 0.4 g/m(2); and 3) (for boron) 0.4 g/m(2) and 0.3 g/m(2); respectively. The HLW product testing results from the C-104 and AZ-102 glasses show that in all cases they meet ORP Phase B-I contract specifications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, GL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K6-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 117 EP 128 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700012 ER PT S AU Smith, GL Smith, HD Schweiger, MJ Piepel, GF AF Smith, GL Smith, HD Schweiger, MJ Piepel, GF BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Vitrification and testing of Hanford pretreated low activity waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Actual pretreated LAW samples were vitrified to demonstrate the RPP-WTP projects ability to satisfy the LAW product ORP Phase B-1 contract requirements concerning, chemical and radionuclide reporting, waste loading, identification and quantification of crystalline and non-crystalline phases, and waste form leachability. Chemical compositions of two LAW glasses (i.e., elements (excluding oxygen) present in concentrations greater than 0.5 percent by weight) were measured using KOH and Na2O2 fusion preparation procedures. The measured wt% sodium oxide content for the AW-101 and AN-107 glasses are 17.7 and 18.3, respectively; however, it is argued herein that process knowledge, i.e., the target sodium oxide content, is better than the analytical measurement. Therefore, for both LAW glasses the target oxide loading for sodium of 20 wt% is accepted. At these levels the glass meets or exceeds both the RPP-WTP glass specification and the DOE ORG contract requirement for waste sodium loading. The concentrations Of Cs-137 Sr-90, Tc-99 and transuranic (TRU) radionuclides for AW-101 and AN-107 are: 1) 0.231 and 0.292 Ci/m(3), 0.435 and 0.005 Ci/m(3), 0.019 and 0.129 Ci/m(3), and < 0.16 and < 2.6 nCi/g, respectively. The ORP contract criteria for Cs-137, Sr-90 and TRU (shall be < 3 Ci/m(3), < 20 Ci/m(3), and < 100 nCi/g, respectively) are met in both glasses. The ORP contract criteria for 99Tc (shall be less than 0.1 Ci/m(3)) is met explicitly by AW-101 and will be met for the AN-107 glass by averaging its Tc-99 content over the previous LAW glasses produced to meet the contract. After canister centerline cooling, no crystals were observed in the AW-101 and AN-107 glasses by XRD, optical examination, and SEM analysis. The normalized PCT releases of sodium, silicon, and boron, at both 40 and 90degreesC, from the AW-101 and AN-107 glasses are less than 2.0 g/m(2), the ORP contract criterion. The LAW product testing results from the AW-101 and AN-107 glasses show that in all cases they meet ORP contract specifications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, GL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K6-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 129 EP 140 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700013 ER PT S AU McCray, J Musick, C Olson, A Perry, K AF McCray, J Musick, C Olson, A Perry, K BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Technology roadmapping focusses vitrification at the INEEL SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Science and technology development programs have long struggled to provide timely, cost-effective, and useful solutions to real problems. The High Level Waste Program at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory finds itself with a unique opportunity to develop and apply technology for the disposition of 1.2 million gallons of sodium bearing waste (SBW). Although the National Environmental Policy Act process is not officially complete with regard to selecting a final technology for disposition of this waste, the HLW program has developed a science and technology roadmap to treat SBW via vitrification. This roadmap endeavors to identify the key uncertainties that require technical solution, develops a strategy for resolving these uncertainties, and provides guidelines for the timing of when these key deliverables will be provided. The HLW program has utilized the roadmap in preparing the detailed work plans that reflect the actual scope, schedule, and cost for the activities in the technology development program. Although the fruition of these work plans and the roadmap is in its earliest stages, preliminary feedback and actual results highlight the importance of having an umbrella methodology governing and integrating a vast amount of experimental activity. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McCray, J (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 151 EP 161 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700015 ER PT S AU Crum, JV Vienna, JD Peeler, DK Reamer, IA AF Crum, JV Vienna, JD Peeler, DK Reamer, IA BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Glass formulation for direct vitrification of INEEL calcine HLW SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) High-Level Waste Technology Development program has the goal of defining processes for immobilizing Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) high-level wastes (HLW) to a qualified waste form for disposal before year 2035. Approximately 4,400 m(3) of calcine are presently stored in stainless steel bins at INTEC. One option for treating the calcine waste is direct vitrification. In this option, the calcine is fed to the melter with minimal feed conditioning. To demonstrate that direct vitrification is a feasible option for INEEL, glasses have been formulated for both a specific Zr-calcine simulant (Run 78 Calcine) and a Blend calcine. These waste compositions contained high concentrations of Al2O3, CaO, F, ZrO2, and SO3. Glass formulation efforts resulted in waste loadings for the Run 78 calcine and Blend calcine compositions of 38 and 40 mass%, respectively. At these loadings, all process and product performance criteria were met. Specific glass formulations for each waste stream were successfully processed in a pilot-scale melter at Clemson University. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Crum, JV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K6-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700016 ER PT S AU Sundaram, SK Daniel, WE Woskov, PP Machuzak, JS AF Sundaram, SK Daniel, WE Woskov, PP Machuzak, JS BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Cold-cap monitoring using millimeter-wave technology SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Cold-cap, a porous solid crust of calcined slurry formed on the melt surface in slurry-fed joule-heated nuclear waste melter, plays a key role in stabilizing the process and increasing the production rate. It is difficult to model the complex chemical reactions taking place in the cold-cap. There is a need for a technology for on-line monitoring of the cold-cap. We have adapted millimeter wave (MMW) technology for this application. We used, a novel waveguide system that consists of a smooth-walled mullite tube with a miter mirror of Inconel 690 attached at one end to guide the millimeter waves emerging from the cold-cap or melt efficiently to a MMW receiver that is located away from the melter. We demonstrated this technology in an engineering scale EnVitco melter (EV-16) at the Clemson Environmental Technology Laboratory (CETL) during a melter test campaign. During the test, glass composition containing high Ca-F-calcine waste was processed that is representative of the wastes at the Idaho site. The Tanks Focus Area (TFA) supported the melter tests. The results identified the hot and cold regions of the cold-cap or melt and their dynamics during processing in the melter. Implementation of this technology shows promise for better process control, potential feedback control, increased production, and reduced cost of disposal. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sundaram, SK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 203 EP 213 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700020 ER PT S AU Smith, ME Hamilton, EL AF Smith, ME Hamilton, EL BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Plutonium Immobilization Project phase 2 cold pour test (U) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The Plutonium Immobilization Project is concerned with the disposition of excess weapons useable plutonium. The project will utilize the can-in-canister approach that involves placing plutonium containing ceramic pucks in sealed cans that are then placed in Defense Waste Processing Facility canisters. These canisters are subsequently filled with high-level radioactive waste glass. This process puts the plutonium in a stable form and makes it unattractive for reuse. Cold (non-radioactive) tests were performed to develop and verify the baseline design for the canister and internal hardware. This paper describes the second phase of these tests and their results. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Smith, ME (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Westinghouse Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700022 ER PT S AU Hrma, P AF Hrma, P BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Crystallization in high-level waste glasses SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID LIQUIDUS TEMPERATURE; KINETICS AB This review outlines important aspects of crystallization in HLW glasses, such as equilibrium, nucleation, growth, and dissolution. The impact of crystallization on continuous melters and the chemical durability of high-level waste glass are briefly discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hrma, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K6-24,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 243 EP 256 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700024 ER PT S AU Riley, BJ Hrma, P Rosario, J Vienna, JD AF Riley, BJ Hrma, P Rosario, J Vienna, JD BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Effect of crystallization on high-level waste glass corrosion SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Crystallization of high-level waste (HLW) glass affects its resistance against corrosion. A large database has accumulated in the literature for HLW glasses subjected to canister-centerline cooling, where the cooling rate is slowest. This database consists of mass fractions of crystalline phase, identified with x-ray diffraction (XRD), and results of the product consistency test (PCT) that measures glass corrosion at 90degreesC. Using XRD data for heat-treated glasses and PCT data for quenched glasses, PCT B and Na releases from residual glasses were estimated. The estimated values are in reasonable agreement with the measured values from heat-treated glasses. Outliers were attributed to 1) the composition of residual glass being outside the region for which PCT models were established, 2) the low accuracy of semiquantitative XRD, and 3) secondary effects, such as internal stresses or interfacial diffusion. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Riley, BJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 257 EP 265 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700025 ER PT S AU Crum, JV Vienna, JD Peeler, DK Reamer, IA Pittman, DJ AF Crum, JV Vienna, JD Peeler, DK Reamer, IA Pittman, DJ BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI The effect of glass composition on crystallinity and durability for INEEL Run 78 calcine waste simulant SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Past glass-formulation efforts for Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Run 78 calcine waste have shown that waste loading is limited by the formation of crystalline F-containing phases.() Crystallization generally occurs rapidly during cooling. Crystallization in glass upon cooling can result in a nondurable waste form, depending upon the type and extent of crystallization. Thus, crystallinity in waste glass is usually constrained to a small mass% of the waste form. Understanding the effect of crystallinity on the durability of the resulting waste form is necessary to determine if increases in waste loading are possible for Run 78 calcine and similar waste types. This study measured the mass% crystallinity of glass heat treated according to the canister centerline cooling profile as a function of glass composition and the resulting effect of crystallinity on durability. Crystallinity during CCC heat treatment was strongly influenced by changes in concentration of Al2O3, Zr2O3, SO3, F, Li2O, Na2O, and SiO2. For the majority of glasses tested, crystallization had only a minor effect on normalized release rates. However, a limited number of glasses that crystallized nepheline, hiortdahlite, and/or sodalite had dramatically increased normalized releases. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Crum, JV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K6-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 267 EP 275 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700026 ER PT S AU Ebert, WL Lewis, MA Dietz, NL AF Ebert, WL Lewis, MA Dietz, NL BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Long-term corrosion tests with Hanford glasses SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB dFive glasses are being subjected to long-term product consistency tests (PCTs) and vapor hydration tests (VHTs) to (1) study the effect of glass composition on corrosion rates, (2) compare the relative responses in short-term and long-term tests, and (3) provide a data base to support performance assessment calculations for the Hanford low-activity waste disposal system. These glasses were selected for detailed study from a suite of 56 glasses that were formulated to span the composition range of possible low-activity waste glasses for Hanford tank wastes and are being subjected to short-term PCTs and VHTs. The results of PCTs conducted through 140 days are discussed in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ebert, WL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 279 EP 285 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700027 ER PT S AU Liang, L Smith, H Russell, R Smith, G Zelinski, BJJ AF Liang, L Smith, H Russell, R Smith, G Zelinski, BJJ BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Aqueous based polymeric materials for waste form applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Organic based polymers, which are applicable to waste encapsulation generally, require the use of volatile, flammable organic solvents in the initial steps of fabricating the waste form. This work describes the initial investigations of changing over to an aqueous based system. Beginning with aqueous solutions of latex and modified latexes and making a series of chemical modifications to these based solutions, materials with good resistance to water and organic solvents were identified. The more promising materials were then loaded with sodium nitrate and their ability to hold these salts while immersed in de-ionized water was measured. The ability of a material to isolate soluble salt wastes while submerged in water was observed to be a function of the degree and rate of crosslinking of each polymer based material. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liang, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 359 EP 368 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700034 ER PT S AU Morss, LR Ebert, WL AF Morss, LR Ebert, WL BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Release of uranium and plutonium from the EBR-II ceramic waste form SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A ceramic waste form (CWF) has been developed to immobilize radioactive electrorefiner salt from the electrometallurgical treatment of spent metallic fuel from the experimental breeder reactor EBR-II. Tests are being carried out to qualify CWF for disposal in a high-level waste repository. There are two major phases in U/Pu-loaded CWF, sodalite (Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2) and glass; and two important minor phases, halite (NaCl) and oxide (U,Pu)O-2. The (U,Pu)O-2 phase is present as colloid-sized particles in the glass, near sodalite-glass phase boundaries. Tests have been conducted to measure the release behavior of the (U,Pu)O-2 particles as the CWF corrodes. The releases of matrix and radioactive elements from CWF samples into water were determined from tests in which crushed material was reacted with water at 90 or 120 degreesC for durations from 7 to 365 days. Colloids in the test solutions were characterized by sequential filtration, followed by analysis of filtrates for cations. Plutonium is released partially as (U,Pu)O-2 colloids similar to the particles in the uncorroded CWT. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Morss, LR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 389 EP 396 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700037 ER PT S AU Lewis, MA Ebert, WL AF Lewis, MA Ebert, WL BE Smith, GL Sundaram, SK Spearing, DR TI Monitoring consistency of the ceramic waste form SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES VII SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Symposium on Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry CY APR 22-25, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Glass bonded sodalite is the ceramic waste form (CWF) being developed to immobilize salt waste generated during electrometallurgical conditioning of spent sodium-bonded fuel. CWF will be prepared using a pressureless consolidation (PC) method. The processing conditions will be selected to optimize waste loading while maintaining physical and chemical durability. The possible use of the Product Consistency Test (PCT) to measure the consistency of CWF products is being evaluated by measuring test repeatability, reproducibility, sensitivity to different compositions and processing conditions, and production consistency. The response of the PCT was the same, within 95% uncertainty limits, in replicate tests with the same product, indicating test repeatability. The response of the PCT was the same for replicate products, within 95% uncertainty limits, indicating production consistency. The response of the PCT was sensitive to PC processing conditions. Releases of Al, B, Na, and Si from the PC CAT in 7-day PCTs were lower than those from Environmental Assessment glass. These observations show that the PCT is an appropriate test for confirming that processing conditions meet specifications during CWF production as well as determining that the CWF has adequate and consistent chemical durability. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-146-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 132 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BX26G UT WOS:000184778700038 ER PT J AU Zhang, CLL Ye, Q Reysenbach, AL Gotz, D Peacock, A White, DC Horita, J Cole, DR Fong, J Pratt, L Fang, JS Huang, YS AF Zhang, CLL Ye, Q Reysenbach, AL Gotz, D Peacock, A White, DC Horita, J Cole, DR Fong, J Pratt, L Fang, JS Huang, YS TI Carbon isotopic fractionations associated with thermophilic bacteria Thermotoga maritima and Persephonella marina SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; FATTY-ACIDS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROGEN-TRANSFER; SP-NOV; MUSSEL; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM AB Stable carbon isotopes can provide insight into carbon cycling pathways in natural environments. We examined carbon isotope fractionations associated with a hyperthermophilic fermentative bacterium, Thermotoga maritima, and a thermophilic chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Persephonella marina. In T. maritima, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) are slightly enriched in C-13 relative to biomass (epsilon = 0.1-0.8parts per thousand). However, PLFA and biomass are depleted in C-13 relative to the substrate glucose by similar to80parts per thousand. In P. marina, PLFA are 1.8-14.5parts per thousand. enriched in C-13 relative to biomass, which suggests that the reversed tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the 3-hydroxypropionate pathway may be used for CO2 fixation. This is supported by small fractionation between biomass and CO2 (epsilon = -3.8parts per thousand to -5.0parts per thousand), which is similar to fractionations reported for other organisms using similar CO2 fixation pathways. Identification of the exact pathway will require biochemical assay for specific enzymes associated with the reversed TCA cycle or the 3-hydroxypropionate pathway. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Univ Tennessee, Inst Appl Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Zhang, CLL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2002.00266.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 539UV UT WOS:000174890800020 PM 11966826 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Hossner, LR Attrep, M Kung, KS AF Lee, JH Hossner, LR Attrep, M Kung, KS TI Comparative uptake of plutonium from soils by Brassica juncea and Helianthus annuus SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE accumulator; concentration ratio; plant uptake; plutonium contamination; plutonium fraction ID PHYTOREMEDIATION; PLANTS; PHYTOEXTRACTION; METALS; AM-241; REMOVAL; BARLEY; PU-239; ZINC AB Plutonium uptake by Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower) from soils with varying chemical composition and contaminated with Pu complexes (Pu nitrate [Pu-239(NO3)(4)], Pu-citrate [Pu-239(C6H5O7)(+)], and Pu diethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid (Pu-DTPA [Pu-239-C14H23O10N3]) was investigated. Sequential extraction of soils incubated with applied Pu was used to determine the distribution of Pu in the various soil fractions. The initial Pit activity levels in soils were 44.40-231.25 Bq g(-1) as Pu nitrate Pu-citrate, or Pu-DTPA. A difference in Pu uptake between treatments of Pu-nitrate and Pu-citratc without chelating agent was observed only with Indian mustard in acidic Crowley soil. The uptake of Pu by plants was increased with increasing DTPA rates, however, the Pu concentration of plants was not proportionally increased with increasing application rate of Pu to soil. Plutonium uptake from Pu-DTPA was significantly higher from the acid Crowley soil than from the calcareous Weswood soil. The uptake of Pit from the soils was higher in Indian mustard than in sunflower. Sequential extraction of Pu showed that the ion-exchangeable Pu fraction in soils was dramatically increased with DTPA treatment and decreased with time of incubation. Extractability of Pu in all fractions was not different when Pu-nitrate and Pu-citrate were applied to the same soil. More Pu was associated with the residual Pu fraction without DTPA application. Consistent trends with time of incubation for other fractions were not apparent. The ion-exchangeable fraction, assumed as plant-available Pu, was significantly higher in acid soil compared with calcareous soil with or without DTPA treatment. When the calcareous soil was treated with DTPA, the ion-exchangeable Pu was comparatively less influenced. This fraction in the soil was more affected with time of incubation. The lowest extractable Pu was from a pH 6.55 Crockett soil that contained the highest clay compared to the other two soils. Extractable soil Pu was largely affected by soil pH and the amounts of clay, salt, metal oxide, and carbonate. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hossner, LR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 120 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00167-7 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00167-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VZ UT WOS:000178582800003 PM 12395828 ER PT J AU Brant, HA Jagoe, CH Snodgrass, JW Bryan, AL Gariboldi, JC AF Brant, HA Jagoe, CH Snodgrass, JW Bryan, AL Gariboldi, JC TI Potential risk to wood storks (Mycteria americana) from mercury in Carolina Bay fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE mercury; risk; wading birds; fish; wetlands ID CAPTIVE GREAT EGRETS; WATER CHEMISTRY; DEPRESSION WETLANDS; COASTAL-PLAIN; METHYLMERCURY; BIOACCUMULATION; PRECIPITATION; ACCUMULATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROPERIOD AB Carolina buys are freshwater wetlands that serve as important feeding habitats for the endangered wood stork (Mycteria americana). Water levels in these bays fluctuate greatly and tend to be acidic and rich in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), factors that favor mercury (Hg) methylation and bioaccumulation in fish. To assess potential risks to wood storks consuming mercury contaminated Fish in bays, we sampled fish from 10 bays on the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, an area with documented use by wood storks. Whole body mercury concentrations in 258 fishes of three species (Erimyzon sucetta, Acantharchus pomotis and Esox americanus) commonly consumed by wood storks were determined. Risk factors for nestlings and free-ranging adults were calculated using published no and lowest observable adverse effect concentration (NOAEC and LOAEC) values for birds. Fish from higher trophic levels and those from wetlands with relatively shallow maximum depths and fluctuating water levels were more likely to exceed NOAEC and LOAEC values. Calculation of exposure rates of nestling wood storks indicated they arc at highest risk during the first 10 days of the nestling period. These calculations suggest that there is potential concern for wood storks foraging in relatively shallow bays with fluctuating water levels, even though there is no obvious local source of mercury to these wetlands. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Occupat Hlth Sci, CRESP, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Brant, HA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016; OI Snodgrass, Joel/0000-0002-4436-8750 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 120 IS 2 BP 405 EP 413 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00112-4 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00112-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VZ UT WOS:000178582800030 PM 12395855 ER PT J AU Fair, JM Myers, OB AF Fair, JM Myers, OB TI Early reproductive success of western bluebirds and ash-throated flycatchers: a landscape-contaminant perspective SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Western bluebird; ash-throated flycatcher; sex ratio; eggshells; PCBs ID TIT PARUS-MAJOR; EGG SIZE; FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; PARENTAL QUALITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; CHICK SURVIVAL; CALCIUM; BIRDS; PASSERINES; RESIDUES AB Eggshell quality, clutch size, sex ratio, and hatching success of western bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) and ash-throated flycatchers (Myiarchus cinerascens) were studied on a landscape-soil contaminant gradient at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in New Mexico from 1997 to 1999. A variety of contaminants (heavy metals, chemicals, insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorines, and radioactive isotopes) range across different spatial scales and concentrations on LANL land. This study is an example of a monitoring program over a large area with varying degree of contamination that is used to highlight locations of concern for future research, There were two locations where the flycatcher had a lower hatching success. The bluebirds at Sandia wetland, a location of concern for PCBs, had a thinner eggshell thickness index (RATCLIFFE) and the eggs were smaller than at other locations. The flycatcher had thinner eggshells than bluebirds, which could add to sensitivity to exposure to containinants. There was no variation in clutch size or sex ratio between locations or areas closer to contaminant release sites for both species. Percent females in the clutch ranged from 0 to 100% in the WEBL and from 33 to 67% for ATFL. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Fair, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J 495, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Myers, Orrin/F-1130-2010 NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 118 IS 3 BP 321 EP 330 AR PII S0269-7491(01)00302-5 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00302-5 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 545QV UT WOS:000175229700005 PM 12009129 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Hossner, LR Attrep, M Kung, KS AF Lee, JH Hossner, LR Attrep, M Kung, KS TI Uptake and translocation of plutonium in two plant species using hydroponics SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE plant uptake; plutonium contamination; hydroponics; translocation; concentration ratio ID ZINC; PHYTOREMEDIATION; METALS; PU-239; AM-241; ROOTS AB This study presents determinations of the uptake and translocation of Pu in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) from Pu contaminated solution media. The initial activity levels of Pu were 18.50 and 37.00 Bq ml(-1) for Pu-nitrate [Pu-239(NO3)(4)] and for Pu-citrate [Pu-239(C6H5O7)(+)] in nutrient solution. Plutonium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA; [Pu-239-C14H23O10N3] solution was prepared by adding 0, 5, 10, and 50 mug of DTPA ml(-1) with Pu-239(NO3)(4) in nutrient solution, Concentration ratios (CR, Pu concentration in dry plant material/Pu concentration in nutrient solution) and transport indices (TI, Pu content in the shoot/Pu content in the whole plant) were calculated to evaluate Pu uptake and translocation. All experiments were conducted in hydroponic solution in an environmental growth chamber. Plutonium concentration in the plant tissue was increased with increased Pu contamination. Plant tissue Pu concentration for Pu-nitrate and Pu-citrate application was not correlated and may be dependent on plant species. For plants receiving Pu-DTPA, the Pu concentration was increased in the shoots but decreased in (lie roots resulting in a negative correlation between the Pu concentrations in the plant shoots and roots. The Pu concentration in shoots of Indian mustard was increased for application rates up to 10 mug DTPA ml(-1) and up to 5 mug DTPA ml(-1) for sunflower. Similar trends were observed for the CR of plants compared to the Pu concentration in the shoots and roots, whereas the TI was increased with increasing DTPA concentration. Plutonium in shoots of Indian mustard was up to 10 times higher than that in shoots of sunflower, The Pu concentration in the apparent free space (AFS) of plant root tissue of sunflower was more affected by concentration of DTPA than that of Indian mustard. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hossner, LR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 117 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00158-0 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516AF UT WOS:000173528600008 PM 11843538 ER PT J AU West, TO Marland, G AF West, TO Marland, G TI Net carbon flux from agricultural ecosystems: methodology for full carbon cycle analyses SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA SP USDA Forest Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Natl Resource Conservat Serv, US DOE, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvment, NASA DE carbon dioxide emissions; carbon sequestration; conservation tillage; net carbon flux; no-till ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CO2 EMISSIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Agricultural ecosystems have the potential to sequester carbon in soils by altering agricultural management practices (i.e. tillage practice, cover crops, and crop rotation) and using agricultural inputs (i.e. fertilizers and irrigation) more efficiently. Changes in agricultural practices can also cause changes in CO2 emissions associated with these practices. In order to account for changes in net CO2 emissions, and thereby estimate the overall impact of carbon sequestration initiatives on the atmospheric CO2 pool, we use a methodology for full carbon cycle analysis of agricultural ecosystems. The analysis accounts for changes in carbon sequestration and emission rates with time, and results in values representing a change in net carbon flux. Comparison among values of net carbon flux for two or more systems, using the initial system as a baseline value, results in a value for relative net carbon flux. Some results from using the full carbon cycle methodology, along with US national average values for agricultural inputs, indicate that the net carbon flux averaged over all crops following conversion from conventional tillage to no-till is -189 kg C ha(-1) year(-1) (a negative value indicates net transfer of carbon from the atmosphere). The relative net carbon flux, using conventional tillage as the baseline, is -371 kg C ha(-1) year(-1), which represents the total atmospheric CO2 reduction caused by changing tillage practices. The methodology used here illustrates the importance of (1) delineating system boundaries, (2) including CO2 emissions associated with sequestration initiatives in the accounting process, and (3) comparing the new management practices associated with sequestration initiatives with the original management practices to obtain the true impact of sequestration projects on the atmospheric CO2 pool. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP West, TO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI West, Tristram/C-5699-2013 OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125 NR 18 TC 59 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00221-4 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000012 PM 11822723 ER PT J AU Akbari, H AF Akbari, H TI Shade trees reduce building energy use and CO2 emissions from power plants SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE shade trees; heating and cooling energy use; carbon sequestration; smog; cost-benefit analysis; heat islands ID VEGETATION AB Urban shade trees offer significant benefits in reducing building air-conditioning demand and improving urban air quality by reducing smog. The savings associated with these benefits vary by climate region and can be up to $200 per tree. The cost of planting trees and maintaining them can vary from $10 to $500 per tree. Tree-planting programs can be designed to have lower costs so that they offer potential savings to communities that plant trees. Our calculations suggest that urban trees play a major role in sequestering CO, and thereby delay global warming. We estimate that a tree planted in Los Angeles avoids the combustion of 18 kg of carbon annually, even though it sequesters only 4.5-11 kg (as it would if growing in a forest). In this sense, one shade tree in Los Angeles is equivalent to three to five forest trees. In a recent analysis for Baton Rouge, Sacramento, and Salt Lake City, we estimated that planting an average of four shade trees per house (each with a top view cross section of 50 m(2)) would lead to an annual reduction in carbon emissions from power plants of 16,000, 41,000, and 9000 t, respectively (the per-tree reduction in carbon emissions is about 10-11 kg per year). These reductions only account for the direct reduction in the net cooling- and heating-energy use of buildings. Once the impact of the community cooling is included, these savings are increased by at least 25%. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Akbari, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 148 Z9 159 U1 10 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S119 EP S126 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00264-0 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500014 PM 11833899 ER PT J AU Hoover, CM Magrini, KA Evans, RJ AF Hoover, CM Magrini, KA Evans, RJ TI Soil carbon content and character in an old-growth forest in northwestern Pennsylvania: a case study introducing pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE soil organic carbon; py-MBMS; soil carbon analysis; forest soils ID VEGETATION; BIOMASS; HARVEST; STORAGE AB This study was conducted to: (1) test the utility of a new and rapid analytical method, pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS), for the measurement and characterization of carbon in forest soils, and (2) examine the effects of natural disturbance on soil carbon dynamics. An additional objective was to test the ability of py-MBMS to distinguish recent from more stable humic substances, and to relate this information to the ecology and history of the sites. To test the utility of the py-MBMS technique, we investigated soil carbon stocks in a chronosequence of stands arising from natural disturbance in the Tionesta Scenic and Research Natural Areas. Soil carbon increased with increasing time since disturbance; although the exact shape of the carbon accumulation curve is not known, it appears that the rate of carbon accretion is initially rapid and then levels off, with a possible maximum of 86 metric tons/ha to a depth of 30 cm. This study also demonstrates that py-MBMS is a valid method for characterizing soil carbon and can be used with little sample preparation. In addition, multivariate analysis of the mass spectra from Tionesta soils can distinguish both sites and depths on the basis of their pyrolysis products; both long-lived and short-lived carbon forms were identified. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hoover, CM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S269 EP S275 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00258-5 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500029 PM 11833913 ER PT J AU Magrini, KA Evans, RJ Hoover, CM Elam, CC Davis, MF AF Magrini, KA Evans, RJ Hoover, CM Elam, CC Davis, MF TI Use of pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) to characterize forest soil carbon: method and preliminary results SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE pyrolysis mass spectroscopy; soil organic carbon; forest soils; rapid soil analysis; disturbance ID ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOMASS AB The components of soil organic matter (SOM) and their degradation dynamics in forest soils are difficult to study and thus poorly understood, due to time-consuming sample collection, preparation, and difficulty of analyzing and identifying major components. As a result, changes in soil organic matter chemical composition as a function of age, forest type, or disturbance have not been examined. We applied pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS), which provides rapid characterization of SOM of whole soil samples, to the Tionesta soil samples described by Hoover, C.M., Magrini, K.A., Evans, R.J., 2002. Soil carbon content and character in an old growth forest in northwestern Pennsylvania: a case study introducing molecular beam mass spectrometry (PY-MBMS). Environmental Pollution 116 (Supp.1), S269-S278. Our goals in this work were to: (1) develop and demonstrate an advanced, rapid analytical method for characterizing SOM components in whole soils, and (2) provide data-based models to predict soil carbon content and residence time from py-MBMS analysis. Using py-MBMS and pattern recognition techniques we were able to statistically distinguish among four Tionesta sites and show an increase in pyrolysis products of more highly decomposed plant materials at increasing sample depth. For example, all four sites showed increasing amounts of older carbon (phenolic and aromatic species) at deeper depths and higher amounts of more recent carbon (carbohydrates and lignin products) at shallower depths. These results indicate that this type of analysis could be used to rapidly characterize SOM for the purpose of developing a model, which could be used in monitoring the effect of forest management practices on carbon uptake and storage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Magrini, KA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S255 EP S268 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00257-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500028 PM 11833912 ER PT J AU Tolbert, VR Todd, DE Mann, LK Jawdy, CM Mays, DA Malik, R Bandaranayake, W Houston, A Tyler, D Pettry, DE AF Tolbert, VR Todd, DE Mann, LK Jawdy, CM Mays, DA Malik, R Bandaranayake, W Houston, A Tyler, D Pettry, DE TI Changes in soil quality and below-ground carbon storage with conversion of traditional agricultural crop lands to bioenergy crop production SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE bioenergy crops; soil quality; soil carbon ID UNITED-STATES; ORGANIC-MATTER; SYSTEMS; BIOMASS; SEQUESTRATION; SWITCHGRASS; PLANTATIONS; DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; EROSION AB Berni-isolated (0.5 ha) plots have been used since 1995 to quantify changes in soil and water quality with conversion from agricultural to bioenergy crops. Soil quality improvements, including increases in soil carbon storage, have occurred on sites planted to woody or herbaceous species, and no-till corn compared with tilled corn or cotton. Initial increases in soil carbon occurred within the upper 10 cm of the soil profile. Soil carbon on plantings of switchgrass, no-till corn, and sweetgum with a cover crop between the rows increased over the first 3 years. Soil carbon decreased by 6% on the sweetgum plantings without a cover crop and remained lower through the fifth growing season. Overall, the greatest increases in belowground carbon storage have occurred primarily within the upper 40 cm. Former land use, growth characteristics, management practices, and soil characteristics appear to be the primary factors determining the timing, depth, and extent of changes in soil carbon storage for bioenergy and no-till crops. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. W Tennessee Agr Expt Stn, Grand Junction, TN 38039 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ames Plantat, Grand Junction, TN 38039 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stoneville, MS 39762 USA. RP Tolbert, VR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S97 EP S106 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00262-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500012 PM 11833923 ER PT J AU Reddy, CM Drenzek, NJ Eglinton, TI Heraty, LJ Sturchio, NC Shiner, VJ AF Reddy, CM Drenzek, NJ Eglinton, TI Heraty, LJ Sturchio, NC Shiner, VJ TI Stable chlorine intramolecular kinetic isotope effects from the abiotic dehydrochlorination of DDT SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE abiotic dehydrochlorination; chlorinated organic compounds; DDE; DDT; dehydrochlorination; intramolecular; kinetic isotope effects; persistent organic pollutants (POPs); pesticides; POPs; research articles; semivolatile organic compounds; stable chlorine isotopes; volatile organic compounds ID CARBON; SOLVENTS AB Intention, Goal, Scope, Background. Identifying different sources and following reaction pathways of chlorinated organic contaminants in the environment can be challenging, especially when only their concentrations are available. Compound-specific stable chlorine measurements of some contaminants have recently been shown to provide additional information and an increased understanding of their biogeochemistry. These studies, however, have been generally limited to volatile molecules. Objective. Here, the stable chlorine isotope ratios of the semi-volatile pesticide, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) were investigated. Specifically, the intramolecular stable chlorine isotopic compositions of DDT and the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for the abiotic dehydrochlorination of DDT to 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (DDE) were determined. Methods. Selective chemical oxidation of DDT to dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP) and analysis of each compound was used to calculate the stable chlorine isotope ratios of the alkyl and aromatic chlorines in DDT. To determine the KIE for dehydrochlorination, DDT was reacted in a basic solution to yield DDE at 52degreesC, 60degreesC, and 72degreesC for 3, 5, and 5 days, respectively. Results and Discussion. Significant intramolecular stable chlorine isotopic differences were observed in one sample of DDT where the alkyl and aromatic delta(37)Cl values were -5.76 +/- 0.45 and -2.21 +/- 0.20parts per thousand, respectively. Dehydrochlorination of DDT to DDE in basic solutions at 52, 60, and 70degreesC resulted in a substantial intramolecular KIE where the alkyl chlorines of DDE shifted by -3parts per thousand relative to the alkyl chlorines in DDT. However, no temperature dependence was observed. The KIE, calculated by an iterative program, was 1.009. Conclusions. Intramolecular differences in the stable chlorine isotope ratios were observed in DDT and this is the first such finding. Dehydrochlorination of DDT yields a measurable and distinct intramolecular stable chlorine KIE. Recommendation and outlook. The results of this study demonstrate the existence of significant intramolecular differences in chlorinated organic compounds. Many other chlorinated semi-volatile and volatile organic contaminants are synthesized from multiple sources of chlorine, and we recommend that similar studies be performed on many such molecules in order to attain a clear understanding of their intramolecular chlorine isotopic differences. The existence of a measurable KIE for the dehydrochlorination of DDT to DDE shows the potential strength of using isotopic measurements to investigate the biogeochemistry of these important compounds. For example, the isotopically depleted aqueous chloride produced by dehydrochlorination of DDT to DDE may be a useful tracer of these reactions in freshwater environments. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Reddy, CM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 17 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1065/espr2001.05.066 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556XD UT WOS:000175873500007 PM 12094531 ER PT J AU MacDonell, M Morgan, K Newland, L AF MacDonell, M Morgan, K Newland, L TI Integrating information for better environmental decisions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Eco-Informa Foundation; educational outreach; environmental data; public involvement; remote sensing; risk communication AB As more is learned about the complex nature and extent of environmental impacts from progressive human disturbance, scientists, policy analysts, decision makers, educators, and communicators are increasingly joining forces to develop strategies for preserving and protecting the environment. The Eco-Informa Foundation is an educational scientific organization dedicated to promoting the collaborative development and sharing of scientific information. The Foundation participated in a recent international conference on environmental informatics through a special symposium on integrating information for better environmental decisions. Presentations focused on four general themes: (1) remote sensing and data interpretation, including through new knowledge management tools; (2) risk assessment and communication, including for radioactively contaminated facilities, introduced biological hazards, and food safety; (3) community involvement in cleanup projects; and (4) environmental education. The general context for related issues, methods and applications, and results and recommendations from those discussions are highlighted here. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Assessment, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Environm Sci Program, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP MacDonell, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Assessment, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1007/BF02987582 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 618UJ UT WOS:000179435400001 PM 12515341 ER PT S AU Akinc, M Mavis, B AF Akinc, M Mavis, B GP TTP TI Pillared layer hydroxide powders as secondary battery electrode materials SO EURO CERAMICS VII, PT 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY SEP 09-13, 2001 CL BRUGGE, BELGIUM SP European Ceram Soc, Belgian Ceram Soc DE homogeneous decomposition; layered double hydroxides; secondary battery materials ID NICKEL-HYDROXIDE; PRECIPITATION C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Akinc, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Mavis, Bora/C-3457-2008 OI Mavis, Bora/0000-0001-8275-3759 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-882-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2002 VL 206-2 BP 37 EP 38 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT32X UT WOS:000172651400011 ER PT S AU Ellingson, WA Koehl, ER Sandberg, D Pastila, P Nikkila, AP Mantyla, TA AF Ellingson, WA Koehl, ER Sandberg, D Pastila, P Nikkila, AP Mantyla, TA GP TTP TI Acousto-ultrasound nondestructive characterization of rigid ceramic hot gas filters SO EURO CERAMICS VII, PT 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY SEP 09-13, 2001 CL BRUGGE, BELGIUM SP European Ceram Soc, Belgian Ceram Soc DE hot gas filters; strength; NDE AB In commercial advanced coal-fired power generation utility stations, one technology under development to clean up hot gases before their use as fuel for gas turbines is the use of rigid ceramic hot gas candle filters. These porous filters are typically 1.5 m long and 60 min in diameter and are made of various ceramic materials, including clay-bonded SiC. The high costs of downtime in a large utility demands that nondestructive characterization (NDC) methods be available so that at shutdowns, decisions can be made about which filters are still useable and which need to be replaced, and if possible, estimates can be made about remaining lifetimes. Recently, an NDC technology referred to as acousto-ultrasonics (AU) has been developed and applied to rigid ceramic filters. 150 kHz transducers (both fixed and in a wheel system for high-speed throughput) were used to study filter elements from a wide variety of exposure conditions. Lamb waves generated by the AU method were studied, and from the detected Lamb wave signal a stress-wave factor (SWF) was obtained. The SWF data were then correlated to measured strength values of the filters. Strength was measured by several methods, including internal hydrostatic burst pressure, 4-point bend, C-ring compression, and O-ring compression. The filters examined by the AU method included exposures in various coal pilot plant facilities, as well as in laboratory tests where they were exposed at 900 degreesC in air and in air with water vapor. The AU data correlated very well with the strength data regardless of the method used for determining the retained strength of the filters. The AU method, SWF-strength correlation obtained, and other details will be discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Mat Sci, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. RP Ellingson, WA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-882-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2002 VL 206-2 BP 613 EP 616 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT32X UT WOS:000172651400151 ER PT S AU Pastila, P Nikkila, AP Mantyla, TA Ellingson, W Koehl, ER AF Pastila, P Nikkila, AP Mantyla, TA Ellingson, W Koehl, ER GP TTP TI Characterization of hot gas filter elements SO EURO CERAMICS VII, PT 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY SEP 09-13, 2001 CL BRUGGE, BELGIUM SP European Ceram Soc, Belgian Ceram Soc DE hot gas filters; microstructure; strength; NDE AB Microstructural changes cause degradation of ceramic hot gas filter materials, hence loss of strength during operation at high temperature and corrosive environment. Understanding of this complex process, along with an ability to non-destructively measure these changes, is important for lifetime estimation. To study the microstructural changes possible in combustion environments samples from four different filter elements were exposed at 900 degreesC in air with and without water vapour. Three of the filters investigated contained SiC-grains bond with clay based binder. The fourth one contained alumina and mullite grains bond together with aluminium silicate binder, Characterisation of microstructures by XRD and SEM was performed as well by a new nondestructive characterization method using acusto-ultrasound. The acusto-ultrasound NDE results were correlated with strength data. Exposures caused changes like crystallization in the binder. These changes were detected with the acusto-ultrasound NDE method as were differences in strength. C1 Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Sci Mat, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pastila, P (reprint author), Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Sci Mat, POB 589, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-882-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2002 VL 206-2 BP 711 EP 714 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BT32X UT WOS:000172651400175 ER PT S AU Gebremedhin, AH Manne, F Pothen, A AF Gebremedhin, AH Manne, F Pothen, A BE Monien, B Feldmann, R TI Parallel distance-k coloring algorithms for numerical optimization SO EURO-PAR 2002 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 27-30, 2002 CL PADERBORN, GERMANY ID SPARSE JACOBIAN MATRICES AB Matrix partitioning problems that arise in the efficient estimation of sparse Jacobians and Hessians can be modeled using variants of graph coloring problems. In a previous work [6], we argue that distance-2 and distance-3/2 graph coloring are robust and flexible formulations of the respective matrix estimation problems. The problem size in large-scale optimization contexts makes the matrix estimation phase an expensive part of the entire computation both in terms of execution time and memory space. Hence, there is a need for both shared-and distributed-memory parallel algorithms for the stated graph coloring problems. In the current work, we present the first practical shared address space parallel algorithms for these problems. The main idea in our algorithms is to randomly partition the vertex set equally among the available processors, let each processor speculatively color its vertices using information about already colored vertices, detect eventual conflicts in parallel, and finally re-color conflicting vertices sequentially. Randomization is also used in the coloring phases to further reduce conflicts. Our PRAM-analysis shows that the algorithms should give almost linear speedup for sparse graphs that are large relative to the number of processors. Experimental results from our OpenMP implementations on,a Cray Origin2000 using various large graphs show that the algorithms indeed yield reasonable speedup for modest numbers of processors. C1 Univ Bergen, Dept Informat, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, CSRI, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, ICASE, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Univ Bergen, Dept Informat, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. EM assefaw@ii.uib.no; fredrikm@ii.uib.no OI Pothen, Alex/0000-0002-3421-3325 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44049-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2400 BP 912 EP 921 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY68Q UT WOS:000189438700130 ER PT J AU Gorshkov, MV Udseth, HR Anderson, GA Smith, RD AF Gorshkov, MV Udseth, HR Anderson, GA Smith, RD TI High performance electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry at low magnetic field SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ion cyclotron resonance; electrospray; mass spectrometry ID SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEINS; ISOTOPES; CHARGE AB A comprehensive characterization of a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer utilizing a I tesla magnet with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source is presented. A resolution of up to 10,000,000 and a ppb-level mass accuracy has been achieved for atomic ions and light molecules produced with electron ionization. It has also been demonstrated that a resolution of up to 1,000,000 can be achieved for signals from biomolecule ions obtained with an ESI source, with the highest molecular weight for which the C-13 isotopic pattern was completely resolved being that of ubiquitin (8565 Da). Several features of FT-ICR mass spectrometry at low magnetic field are discussed and approaches to overcome the low-field constraints are presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Energy Problems Chem Phys, Moscow 117829, Russia. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Gorshkov, Mikhail/E-8522-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Gorshkov, Mikhail/N-4984-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Gorshkov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9572-3452 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1255/ejms.486 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 545MT UT WOS:000175222000015 ER PT J AU Rakov, VS Futrell, JH AF Rakov, VS Futrell, JH TI Unimolecular decomposition in ion cyclotron resonance traps: kinetic energy release and microsecond-scale kinetics SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE kinetic energy cyclotron spectroscopy; unimolecular decay; kinetic energy release; microsecond-scale kinetics; active complex lifetime; dynamic voltage trapping; surface-induced dissociation ID CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; SURFACE-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; MOLECULE REACTIONS; DISPOSAL; BENZENE; FRAGMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ICR; AR+ AB A method of recovering information about the kinetics and dynamics of gas-phase ion-molecule reactions which occur on a microsecond time scale inside a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS) cell is presented. In FT-ICR experiments, the typical time-scale of the ion detection is of the order of milliseconds to seconds and the microsecond-scale reactions usually run to completion before the detection takes place. However, axial oscillation inside the ICR cell can be made very fast and the efficiency of the dynamic voltage trapping depends on the axial position of the ions. We present a theoretical model which relates experimental ion abundance to the life-times and kinetic energy releases, illustrating it with an example of fast-decomposing chromium hexacarbonyl molecular cation activated by collision with a fluorinated self-assembled monolayer surface in a 7-Tesla FT-ICR cell. General formalism, quantitative limitations and application of this method to measure lifetimes and the kinetic energy releases of less-studied ionic systems are addressed in detail. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rakov, VS (reprint author), Analyt Branford, 29 Business Pk Dr, Branford, CT 06405 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1255/ejms.497 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 580NA UT WOS:000177239600007 ER PT J AU Johnson, A AF Johnson, A TI Nuclear structure in the vicinity of the N = Z line in the A=90-100 region SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Perspectives in Physics with Radioactive Isotope Beams 2000 (RIB00) CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL HAYAMA, JAPAN SP RIKEN, RARF, Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study ID SUPERDEFORMED STATES AB Neutron-deficient nuclei in the mass region A approximate to 90-100 exhibit a large variety of phenomena. In this region the heaviest N = Z nuclei are identified and enhanced neutron-proton correlations are expected when protons and neutrons occupy identical orbitals. A variety of nuclear shapes are predicted and observed for A less than or equal to 91, including superdeformed shapes. The nucleus Sn-100 is the heaviest N = Z doubly magic nucleus believed to be bound. Knowledge of the shell structure around 100Sn is of utmost importance for understanding the nuclear shell model. New results on both the N = Z nucleus Ru-88, superdeformed structures in A approximate to 90 nuclei as well as the first result on the level structure in Sn-103, and an extended level structure in In-102 are presented. The limitations of using stable beams and targets and the possibilities with new radioactive beams are briefly outlined. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, Lund, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Neutron Res, Uppsala, Sweden. Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. INFN, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Warsaw Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Warsaw, Poland. H Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. INFN, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valentia, Spain. INFN, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Chim Fis, Padua, Italy. Univ Salamanca, Grp Fis Nucl, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. Warsaw Univ, Heavy Ion Lab, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, Otwock, Poland. RP Johnson, A (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 547AR UT WOS:000175310300005 ER PT J AU Pieper, SC AF Pieper, SC TI Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of light nuclei SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Perspectives in Physics with Radioactive Isotope Beams 2000 (RIB00) CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL HAYAMA, JAPAN SP RIKEN, RARF, Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study ID ART. NO. 014001; SCATTERING DATA AB Quantum Monte Carlo calculations using realistic two- and three-nucleon interactions are presented for nuclei with up to ten nucleons. Our Green's function Monte Carlo calculations are accurate to similar to1-2% for the binding energy. We have constructed Hamiltonians using the Argonne v(18) NN interaction and reasonable three-nucleon interactions that reproduce the energies of these nuclear states with only similar to500 keV rms error. Other predictions, such as form factors, decay rates, and spectroscopic factors also agree well with data. Some of these results are presented to show that ab initio calculations of light nuclei are now well in hand. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1140/epja1339-12 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 547AR UT WOS:000175310300017 ER PT J AU Ogawa, H Asahi, K Ueno, H Sakai, H Miyoshi, H Kameda, D Suzuki, T Izumi, H Imai, N Watanabe, YX Yoneda, K Fukuda, N Watanabe, H Yoshimi, A Sato, W Aoi, N Nagakura, M Suga, T Yogo, K Goto, A Honda, T Kobayashi, Y Schmidt-Ott, WD Neyens, G Teughels, S Yoshida, A Kubo, T Ishihara, N AF Ogawa, H Asahi, K Ueno, H Sakai, H Miyoshi, H Kameda, D Suzuki, T Izumi, H Imai, N Watanabe, YX Yoneda, K Fukuda, N Watanabe, H Yoshimi, A Sato, W Aoi, N Nagakura, M Suga, T Yogo, K Goto, A Honda, T Kobayashi, Y Schmidt-Ott, WD Neyens, G Teughels, S Yoshida, A Kubo, T Ishihara, N TI Quenching of neutron E2 effective charge in neutron-rich nuclei and the ground-state spin-parity of C-17 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Perspectives in Physics with Radioactive Isotope Beams 2000 (RIB00) CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL HAYAMA, JAPAN SP RIKEN, RARF, Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study ID QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; SHELL NUCLEI; B-14; POLARIZATION; FRAGMENTS; REMOVAL; MODEL; HALO; N-17 AB The electric quadrupole moment of B-17 and the g-factor of C-17 were measured by using the fragmentation-induced nuclear polarization technique combined with the beta-NMR method. The experimental quadrupole moment of B-17 is found strikingly close to that of the neutron closed-shell isotope B-13, indicating a strong quenching of the neutron E2 core-polarization charge. From the result obtained for the C-17 g-factor, we can conclude that the ground-state spin-parity of C-17 is 3/2(+). C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Gottingen, Zweites Phys Inst, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ogawa, H (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, 2-12-1 Oh Okayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RI Yoshimi, Akihiro/C-8539-2015; Ueno, Hideki/A-7472-2015 OI Ueno, Hideki/0000-0003-4150-9500 NR 22 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 547AR UT WOS:000175310300018 ER PT J AU Nolen, JA AF Nolen, JA TI Prospects for exotic beam facilities in North America SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Perspectives in Physics with Radioactive Isotope Beams 2000 (RIB00) CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL HAYAMA, JAPAN SP RIKEN, RARF, Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study ID RADIOACTIVE ION-BEAMS; ATLAS AB There are several nuclear physics laboratories in North America that have on-going research using energetic and stopped radioactive beams. These include the large ISOL-type programs ISAC at TRIUMF and HRIBF at Oak Ridge and the in-flight fragmentation program at the NSCL of Michigan State University. There are also smaller, more specialized, programs using a variety of techniques at the 88-inch cyclotron of Berkeley, ATLAS at Argonne, the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University, the Nuclear Structure Laboratory at Notre Dame University, and the Nuclear Structure Laboratory at SUNY/Stony Brook. There are also three projects on the horizon in North America for new capabilities in both the near term and more distant future. The intensities of the in-flight fragment beams at the NSCL will be increased dramatically very soon as the Coupled Cyclotron Project will be completed and commissioned for research by mid-2001. A new project, ISAC-II, has been approved in Canada. For the longer term, the United States is considering construction of a major new facility, the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA), which would have a very high-intensity heavy-ion driver linac. The RIA facility is proposed to utilize both ISOL and in-flight production mechanisms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nolen, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 261 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 547AR UT WOS:000175310300047 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL AF Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL TI Parity and ruin in a stochastic game SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS; ORGANIZATION; SYSTEMS; AGENTS; MODELS AB We study an elementary two-player card game where in each round players compare cards and the holder of the card with the smaller value wins. Using the rate equations approach, we treat the stochastic version of the game in which cards are drawn randomly. We obtain an exact solution for arbitrary initial conditions. In general, the game approaches a steady state where the card value densities of the two players are proportional to each other. The leading small value behavior of the initial densities determines the corresponding proportionality constant, while the next correction governs the asymptotic time dependence. The relaxation toward the steady state exhibits a rich behavior, e.g., it may be algebraically slow or exponentially fast. Moreover, in ruin situations where one player eventually wins all cards, the game may even end in a finite time. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ebn@lanl.gov RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JAN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1140/epjb/e20020027 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 531MW UT WOS:000174420000014 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Cimpoiasu, E Zheng, H Paulikas, AP Veal, BW Li, S Maple, MB Almasan, CC AF Levin, GA Cimpoiasu, E Zheng, H Paulikas, AP Veal, BW Li, S Maple, MB Almasan, CC TI Conductivity and phase coherence length of single electrons in layered cuprates SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OF-PLANE RESISTIVITY; CRYSTALS AB We present a novel approach to the analysis of the normal-state in-plane sigma(ab) and out-of-plane sigma(c) conductivities of anisotropic layered cuprates with incoherent out-of-plane transport such as YBa2Cu3Ox (6.35 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 6.93) and Y1-yPryBa2Cu3O7-delta (0.08 greater than or equal to y greater than or equal to 0.53). We show that the resistive anisotropy sigma(ab)/sigma(c) of these crystals is a measure of the in-plane phase coherence length, l(phi,ab). This result has two important implications: i) One can obtain experimentally the dependence of conductivity on phase coherence length ab, c (, ab). This sigma(ab,c) (l(phi,ab))-dependence for different doping follows a universal scaling relationship. This universality of sigma(ab,c) (l(phi,ab)) for different doping is a direct experimental confirmation of the scaling hypothesis. ii) sigma(ab)/sigma(c) at a given temperature changes nonmonotonically with doping, reaching a maximum in the sample closest to the metal-insulator transition. We show that this result is a consequence of incoherent c-axis conduction. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00545-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 511NV UT WOS:000173271900014 ER PT J AU Basov, DN Bratkovsky, AM Henning, PF Zink, B Hellman, F Wang, YJ Homes, CC Strongin, A AF Basov, DN Bratkovsky, AM Henning, PF Zink, B Hellman, F Wang, YJ Homes, CC Strongin, A TI Infrared probe of metal-insulator transition in Si1-xGdx and Si1-xYx amorphous alloys in magnetic field SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARRIER DENSITY COLLAPSE; DOPED MANGANITES; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; CONDUCTIVITY; SILICON; STATES; SEMICONDUCTORS; MODEL; GAP AB Carrier dynamics in amorphous a-Si1-xREx (RE = Gd, Y) films has been studied in the doping regime close to the metal-insulator transition by means of infrared spectroscopy. Optical constants throughout the entire intra-gap region (homega < 1 eV) have been found to be anomalously sensitive to changes of temperature and/or magnetic field. The observed behavior is consistent with the model of hopping transport where the interaction of carriers with both the lattice and large core spin of Gd ions is taken into account. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 2 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00567-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521CK UT WOS:000173821100014 ER PT J AU Cavalleri, A Sokolowski-Tinten, K von der Linde, D Spagnolatti, I Bernasconi, M Benedek, G Podesta, A Milani, P AF Cavalleri, A Sokolowski-Tinten, K von der Linde, D Spagnolatti, I Bernasconi, M Benedek, G Podesta, A Milani, P TI Generation of the low-density liquid phase of carbon by non-thermal melting of fullerite SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND FORMATION; LASER; SURFACE; PRESSURE; GRAPHITE; SILICON; TRANSITIONS; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB By using femtosecond laser excitation, non-thermal melting of fullerite has been experimentally achieved. Because the ultrafast, non-thermal transition occurs approximately at constant volume, the density of the resulting liquid is 25% lower than for non-thermally molten graphite. Tight-binding molecular-dynamics simulations indicate the formation of the low-density liquid phase, composed by sp-bonded chains at 7900 K and 7 Gpa. The extracted do resistivity of the liquid (2 mOmega cm) is in agreement with theoretical predictions (2.5 mOmega cm) for the equilibrium low-density phase. C1 Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Inst Laser & Plasmaphys, D-4300 Essen, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milan, INFM, I-20125 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Mat, I-20125 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, INFM, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Cavalleri, A (reprint author), Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Inst Laser & Plasmaphys, D-4300 Essen, Germany. RI Podesta, Alessandro/E-6568-2010; Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus/A-5415-2015 OI Podesta, Alessandro/0000-0002-4169-6679; NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 2 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00573-x PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521CK UT WOS:000173821100020 ER PT J AU Gardner, SN Thomas, MB AF Gardner, SN Thomas, MB TI Costs and benefits of fighting infection in locusts SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; behavioural fever; biocontrol; dynamic state variable model; entomopathogenic fungi; locusts and grasshoppers; Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum; thermoregulation ID BEHAVIORAL FEVER; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES; ZONOCERUS-VARIEGATUS; METARHIZIUM FLAVOVIRIDE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; BODY-TEMPERATURE; GRASSHOPPER; ORTHOPTERA AB Locusts and grasshoppers are truly cosmopolitan pests. In an effort to reduce the environmental side-effects of current chemical control practices, several programmes around the world are developing biopesticides, based on fungal entomopathogens, for locust and grasshopper control. Unfortunately, these biocontrol products have achieved mixed success. One of the principal reasons is that locusts are active behavioural thermoregulators, enabling them, under certain environmental conditions, to elevate their body temperatures to levels where fungal growth is suppressed. Here we develop a dynamic behavioural model to predict how locust thermoregulatory behaviour influences disease development. We use the model to explore what the overall consequences of infection might be (i.e. the net effect of disease capturing elements of both pathogen development and host defence) under different conditions in terms of locust mortality, fecundity and crop damage. We modelled two empirical fungal entomopathogens, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and Beauveria bassiana, together with two hypothetical pathogens representing a temperature generalist and a temperature specialist. The model leads to predictions that the effects of a fungal biocontrol agent are strongly mediated by environmental temperature and host behaviour. The positive control effects are manifested through direct mortality and also sub-lethal effects on feeding and fecundity that result from modifications in behaviour associated with host defence and optimization of locust fitness. M. anisopliae var. acridum is predicted to provide the best control of locusts and the specialist fungus to provide the worst. Under hotter conditions, A bassiana is predicted to provide substantially worse biocontrol than the other fungal strains. These predictions match well with empirical data. In addition, the model reveals the possibility for locusts to balance the costs of host defence through selective expression of behavioural fever in response to individual fungal diseases. We conclude that models like this one may facilitate prospective evaluation of biocontrol and advance our understanding of the role of behaviour and thermal ecology in insect-pathogen interactions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, NERC, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, CABI Biosci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. RP Thomas, MB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 15 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 109 EP 131 PG 23 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 525KJ UT WOS:000174068800007 ER PT S AU Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Phair, L Wozniak, GJ AF Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Phair, L Wozniak, GJ BE Costa, S Insolia, A Tuve, C TI Liquid-vapor phase transitions in finite nuclei SO EXOTIC CLUSTERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Catania Relativistic Ion Studies Conference CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL CATANIA, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Catania, Governo Reg Regione Sicilia ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ISING-MODEL; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; MONTE-CARLO; MULTIFRAGMENTATION; CLUSTERS; REDUCIBILITY; PERCOLATION; REGION AB The leptodermous approximation is applied to nuclear systems for T > 0. The introduction of surface corrections leads to anomalous caloric curves and to negative heat capacities in the liquid-gas coexistence region. Clusterization in the vapor is described by associating surface energy to clusters according to Fisher's formula. The three-dimensional Ising model obeys rigorously Fisher's scaling up to the critical point. Multifragmentation data from several experiments including the ISiS and EOS Collaborations provide strong evidence for liquid-vapor coexistence. The phase diagram is obtained for the finite system and an extrapolation is made to infinite nuclear matter. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Insolia, Antonio/M-3447-2015 OI Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0099-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 644 BP 155 EP 166 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV84M UT WOS:000180191500021 ER PT S AU Kahana, DE Kahana, SH AF Kahana, DE Kahana, SH BE Costa, S Insolia, A Tuve, C TI Multi-quark hadrons and S=-2 hypernuclei SO EXOTIC CLUSTERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Catania Relativistic Ion Studies Conference CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL CATANIA, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Catania, Governo Reg Regione Sicilia ID H DIBARYON; MODEL AB The general character of 4-quark (mesonic) and strange 6-quark (baryonic) quark systems is very briefly reviewed a la Jaffe, i. e. in the MIT bag, and so far still possibly viable candidates are indicated. Concentration is on S = -2 systems. Traditionally, one employs the (K-, K+) reaction on a relatively light target and hopes to retain two units of strangeness on a single final state fragment. Alternatively, heavy ion reactions can be used to produce A-hyperons copiously and one seeks to observe coalescence of two of these particles into the lightest S = -2 nucleus, the H-dibaryon. The complications arising from the presence of a repulsive core in the baryon-baryon interaction on the production of the H are discussed. Also considered is the possible presence in the data from the AGS experiment E906, of slightly heavier S = -2 nuclei, in particular boolean ANDboolean AND(4)H. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kahana, DE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0099-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 644 BP 270 EP 280 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV84M UT WOS:000180191500033 ER PT S AU Odyniec, G AF Odyniec, G BE Costa, S Insolia, A Tuve, C TI Strangeness production in heavy ion collisions: What have we learnt with the energy increase from SPS to RHIC SO EXOTIC CLUSTERING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Catania Relativistic Ion Studies Conference CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL CATANIA, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Catania, Governo Reg Regione Sicilia ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PLUS AU REACTIONS; ART. NO. 024901; AU+AU COLLISIONS; PARTICLE MULTIPLICITIES; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; EXCITATION-FUNCTION; PB COLLISIONS; 158A GEV/C; KAON AB A review of strange particle production in heavy ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies is presented. The particle yields and ratios from SPS and RHIC are discussed in view of the newest developments in understanding collision dynamics, and in view of their role in the search for a quark gluon plasma. A strangeness enhancement, most notably observed in CERN Pb-beam results, shows a remarkable two fold global enhancement with a much larger effect seen in the case of multistrange baryons. Hadronic models did fail to explain this pattern. At RHIC energy strangeness assumes a different role, since temperatures are higher and the central rapidity region almost baryon-free. An intriguing question: "Did RHIC change the way we understand strangeness production in heavy ion collisions ?'' is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Odyniec, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0099-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 644 BP 281 EP 295 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BV84M UT WOS:000180191500034 ER PT B AU Eggleton, PP AF Eggleton, PP BE Tout, CA VanHamme, W TI Three incomprehensible binaries SO EXOTIC STARS AS CHALLENGES TO EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 187 Colloquium on Exotic Stars as Challenges to Evolution CY MAR 04-08, 2002 CL MIAMI, FL SP Int Astron Union, Max-Planck Inst Astron, Florida Int Univ, Div Sponsored Res, Florida Int Univ, Coll Art & Sci, Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys ID EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS; ORBITS; STARS AB I describe three eclipsing double-lined binaries whose fundamental data (spectra, masses etc.) are totally out of line with theoretical concepts. Accepting the data at face value, they seem to imply that (i) a massive star (about, 10 - 30 M-circle dot) in a moderately wide binary (P approximate to 50 - 250d) can eject almost its entire;envelope, to infinity, without shrinking its, period substantially, (b) some formerly triple systems can become binaries through the,merger of two of the three components, and (c) a red giant can be stimulated to lose half its mass in a stellar wind before reaching its Roche lobe. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Eggleton, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-122-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 279 BP 37 EP 45 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV93M UT WOS:000180451700005 ER PT J AU Groom, D AF Groom, D TI Cosmic rays and other nonsense in astronomical CCD imagers SO EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE back illuminated; Charge-Coupled Device (CCD); Compton scattering; cosmic rays; fully depleted; gamma ray; high resistivity AB Cosmic-ray muons make recognizable straight tracks in the new-generation CCD's with thick sensitive regions. Wandering tracks ('worms'), which we identify with multiply-scattered low-energy electrons, are readily recognized as different from the muon tracks. These appear to be mostly recoils from Compton-scattered gamma rays, although worms are also produced directly by beta emitters in dewar windows and field lenses. The gamma rays are mostly byproducts of K-40 decay and the U and Th decay chains. Trace amounts of these elements are nearly always present in concrete and other materials. The direct betas can be eliminated and the Compton recoils can be reduced significantly by the judicious choice of materials and shielding. The cosmic-ray muon rate is irreducible. Our conclusions are supported by tests at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory low-level counting facilities in Berkeley and 180 m underground at Oroville, California. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groom, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6435 J9 EXP ASTRON JI Exp. Astron. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1023/A:1026196806990 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 732AV UT WOS:000185919400005 ER PT J AU Holland, S AF Holland, S TI An overview of CCD development at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SO EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE back illuminated; Charge-Coupled Device (CCD); fully depleted; high-resistivity silicon AB Fully depleted, back-illuminated charge-coupled devices fabricated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory on high-resistivity silicon are described. Device operation and technology are discussed, as well as the results on telescopes and future plans. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holland, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6435 J9 EXP ASTRON JI Exp. Astron. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1023/B:EXPA.0000004341.11906.bf PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 744MR UT WOS:000186636700003 ER PT S AU Eubank, SG AF Eubank, SG BE Boccaletti, S Gluckman, BJ Kurths, J Pecora, LM Spano, ML TI Transportation networks: Dynamics and simulation SO EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 22-26, 2001 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP USN, Off Res ID MODEL AB Analyzing the behavior of socio-technical systems - large urban populations interacting under constraints imposed by technical infrastructure - poses many interesting problems. We describe why simulation is an appropriate experimental method for studying these systems, drawing examples from the development and implementation of the Transportation Analysis and Simulation System (TRANSIMS). TRANSIMS is an urban planning tool that combines census data and household surveys with a description of the transportation network to produce estimates of human mobilty. It iteratively evaluates hundreds of thousands of coupled non-linear models to produce a solution to a million-person game. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Basic & Appl Simulat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Eubank, SG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Basic & Appl Simulat Sci Grp, D-2,MS-M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0071-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 622 BP 251 EP 261 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BU81W UT WOS:000177122800027 ER PT S AU Daw, CS Green, JB Wagner, RM Finney, CEA Davis, LI Feldkamp, LA Hoard, JW Yuan, F Connolly, FT AF Daw, CS Green, JB Wagner, RM Finney, CEA Davis, LI Feldkamp, LA Hoard, JW Yuan, F Connolly, FT BE Boccaletti, S Gluckman, BJ Kurths, J Pecora, LM Spano, ML TI Controlling cyclic combustion variations in lean-fueled spark-ignition engines SO EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 22-26, 2001 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP USN, Off Res AB Under conditions of lean fueling or high exhaust gas recirculation, interactions between residual cylinder gas and freshly injected fuel and air produce undesirable combustion instabilities in spark-ignition engines. The resulting dynamics can be described as noisy bifurcations of a nonlinear map and are complicated by cylinder-to-cylinder coupling. We discuss the key dynamic features relevant to control and demonstrate simple feedback control of a multi-cylinder test vehicle. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Daw, CS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RI Green, Johney/B-3391-2017 OI Green, Johney/0000-0003-2383-7260 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0071-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 622 BP 265 EP 277 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BU81W UT WOS:000177122800028 ER PT J AU Bailey, DH Crandall, RE AF Bailey, DH Crandall, RE TI Random generators and normal numbers SO EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE normal numbers; transcendental numbers; pseudo-random number generators ID IRRATIONAL DECIMAL FRACTIONS; POWER GENERATOR AB Pursuant to the authors' previous chaotic-dynamical model for random digits of fundamental constants [Bailey and Crandall 011, we investigate a complementary, statistical picture in which pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) are central. Some rigorous results are achieved: We establish b-normality for constants of the form Sigma(i) 1/(b(mi)c(ni)) for certain sequences (m(i)), (n(i)) of integers. This work unifies and extends previously known classes of explicit normals. We prove that for coprime b,c > 1 the constant alpha(b,c) = Sigma(n=c,c2,c3,...) 1/(nb(n)) is b-normal, thus generalizing the Stoneham class of normals [Stoneham 73a]. Our approach also reproves b-normality for the Korobov class [Korobov 90] beta(b,c,d), for which the summation index n above runs instead over powers c(d) ,c(d2) , c(d3),... with d > 1. Eventually we describe an uncountable class of explicit normals that succumb to the PRNG approach. Numbers of the alpha,beta classes share with fundamental constants such as pi, log 2 the property that isolated digits can be directly calculated, but for these new classes such computation tends to be surprisingly rapid. For example, we find that the googol-th (i.e., 10(100)-th) binary bit of alpha(2,3) is 0. We also present a collection of other results-such as digit-density results and irrationality proofs based on PRNG ideas-for various special numbers. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Reed Coll, Ctr Adv Computat, Portland, OR 97202 USA. RP Bailey, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 55 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU A K PETERS LTD PI NATICK PA 63 SOUTH AVE, NATICK, MA 01760-4626 USA SN 1058-6458 J9 EXP MATH JI Exp. Math. PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 527 EP 546 PG 20 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 675AD UT WOS:000182670000009 ER PT S AU Reuter, WG Newman, JC Skinner, JD Mear, ME Lloyd, WR AF Reuter, WG Newman, JC Skinner, JD Mear, ME Lloyd, WR BE Chona, R TI Use of K-lc and constraint to predict load and location for initiation of crack growth in specimens containing part-through cracks SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 32ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 14-16, 2000 CL CONSHOHOCKEN, PA SP ASTM Comm E 8 DE part-through cracks; fracture toughness; K-lc; constraint; high-strength steel ID SURFACE CRACKS; FRACTURE AB The configuration of part-through cracks (PTC) in specimens is similar to that of natural cracks in structural components. Consequently, test data from PTC specimens may be used to predict crack initiation or failure stresses and are used to evaluate the adequacy of predictive models. This paper compares experimental results obtained from PTC specimens, tested under either tensile or bending loads, with predictions of crack initiation stresses made using results from plane-strain fracture toughness specimens tested per ASTM E 399. Test data generated from single-edge-crack bend (SE(B)) specimens are used to predict values of the applied stress intensity factor (K) and the angle phi where crack growth initiation occurs in PTC specimens. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Reuter, WG (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2888-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1406 BP 353 EP 380 DI 10.1520/STP10596S PG 28 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT15L UT WOS:000172099700021 ER PT S AU Duncan, AJ Subramanian, KH Sindelar, RL Miller, K Reynolds, AP Chao, YJ AF Duncan, AJ Subramanian, KH Sindelar, RL Miller, K Reynolds, AP Chao, YJ BE Chona, R TI Development of mechanical properties database of A285 steel for structural analysis of waste tanks SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 32ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 14-16, 2000 CL CONSHOHOCKEN, PA SP ASTM Comm E 8 DE J-Integral; fracture toughness; A285 Steel; waste tanks AB A statistically-designed test matrix has been developed to govern test conditions for measurement of the fracture toughness properties of A285 carbon steel. The effects of several variables on ductile tearing were investigated. The results of initial J-Integral testing are presented along with preliminary observations and data analysis. These results will contribute to a database of J-resistance (J-R) curves, which will be used for flaw stability analyses in waste storage tanks constructed in the 1950s at the Savannah River Site (SRS). J-Integral toughness tests were conducted to evaluate fracture behavior as functions of composition and orientation around the minimum operating temperature of waste storage tanks at SRS (294 K). The selected ranges of composition and grain size were based on available heats of new and vintage material from archival site sources. The specimen dimensions were designed to represent the thickness of tank wall regions in the structure and to a width that ensured back end constraint after crack extension up to several millimeters. The loading rate was held constant at 8.2 x 10(-3) (MPa-rootm)/s. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Duncan, AJ (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2888-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1406 BP 399 EP 409 DI 10.1520/STP10598S PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT15L UT WOS:000172099700023 ER PT J AU Leung, K Wright, AF AF Leung, K Wright, AF TI Lead zirconate at ambient and high pressure SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE lead zirconate; density functional theory; phase transition ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITION; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLID-SOLUTION SYSTEM; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; FERROELECTRIC PHASE; X-RAY; ANTIFERROELECTRIC PBZRO3; THERMODYNAMIC THEORY; PEROVSKITE PBZRO3; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB A recently reported pressure-induced phase transformation in PbZrO3 is investigated by simulated annealing, with ab initio molecular dynamics and pseudopotentials. Our results suggest that, as pressure increases, M-3-like oxygen rotations are frozen into the orthorhombic antiferroelectric structure. The first order phase transformation occurs at a pressure in reasonable agreement with experiments. This high pressure orthorhombic phase (I ') exhibits small but reproducible Gamma-like (i.e., ferroelectric) distortions. We also re-examine the PbZrO3 antiferroelectric phase structure at ambient pressure. Strain and metal ion relaxations are found to significant lowering in energy. The low temperature rhombohedral ferroelectric phase and the orthorhombic antiferroelectric phase are shown to be very similar in energy. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Leung, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-1415, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 281 BP 171 EP 186 DI 10.1080/00150190190028257 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 624FD UT WOS:000179748900016 ER PT J AU Samara, GA AF Samara, GA TI Pressure induced crossover and mechanism for the ferroelectric-to-relaxor (glass-like) transition in compositionally-disordered soft mode systems SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric; relaxor; disorder; soft-mode; crossover ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; RANDOM-FIELD MODEL; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DIPOLE SYSTEMS; RANGE ORDER; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS AB Results on a variety of compositionally-disordered ABO(3) perovskites have revealed a pressure-induced crossover from a normal ferroelectric to a relaxor state and the continuous evolution of the dynamics of the relaxation process making the relaxor state the ground state at high pressure. This crossover is a general feature of soft mode ferroelectrics with random site dipolar impurities, or polar nanodomains, and results from a large decrease with pressure in the correlation length among polar nanodomains-a unique property of soft mode, or highly polarizable, ferroelectrics. The physical mechanism for the crossover and some relevant theoretical models are discussed. An analogy between increasing pressure and increasing chemical substitution at 1 bar for inducing the crossover is pointed out, but it is the pressure results that reveal the essential physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Samara, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 274 BP 183 EP 202 DI 10.1080/00150190213954 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 594XQ UT WOS:000178078100014 ER PT J AU Galinetto, P Giulotto, E Samoggia, G Trepakov, V Kapphan, S Boatner, L AF Galinetto, P Giulotto, E Samoggia, G Trepakov, V Kapphan, S Boatner, L TI Effect of Li-dipoles in K1-xLixTa1-yNbyO3: A Raman study SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity (IMF-10) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE incipient ferroelectrics; impurity effects; Raman spectroscopy ID PHASE AB We studied the soft phonon Raman spectra in samples of K1-xLixTa1-yNbyO3, with x = 0.0015, y = 0.046 and x = 0.0024, y = 0.01 mol% in order to explore the complex structural effects arising in KTaO3 matrix, weakly doped by Li (x < 0.01) and simultaneously moderately doped by Nb (0.01 <= y <= 0.05). The results provide new evidence that the character of the phase transitions in KTaO3 moderately doped with Nb, can be markedly modified by the addition of small amounts of Li. In particular K0.9976Li0.0015Ta0.954Nb0.046O3 exhibits a complex scenario of structural transformations, that differs from the known behaviour in KTN close to the multicritical point. C1 Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Galinetto, P (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RI Trepakov, Vladimir/H-1352-2014 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 272 BP 2079 EP 2084 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 580CL UT WOS:000177216900016 ER PT J AU Takesue, N Fujii, Y You, H AF Takesue, N Fujii, Y You, H TI Experimental determination of instantaneous ionic-pair displacement-correlation functions of relaxor PMN SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE relaxor; x-ray scattering ID LEAD SCANDIUM NIOBATE AB Ionic-pair equal-time displacement correlations in relaxor lead magnesium niobate, PbMg(1/3)Nb(2/3)O(3) (PMN), were investigated at 300 and 270K in terms of an x-ray diffuse scattering technique. Functions of the distinct correlations were determined quantitatively. The results show the significantly strong rhombohedral-polar correlations regarding Pb-O, Mg/Nb-O, and O-O' pairs. Their spatial distribution at 300K forms an ellipse or a sphere with the diameters of 30-80A, and the sizes are reduced to 30-40A on cooling through local condensation of thermal lattice fluctuations. This direct observation of local structure in the system proves presence of the polar microregions in the paraelectric state which leads to the dielectric dispersion. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Scattering Lab, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Takesue, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Scattering Lab, 106-1 Shirakata, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. RI You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 270 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 573ZA UT WOS:000176862200026 ER PT J AU Fuentes, ME Mehta, A Lascano, L Camacho, H Chianelli, R Fernandez, JF Fuentes, L AF Fuentes, ME Mehta, A Lascano, L Camacho, H Chianelli, R Fernandez, JF Fuentes, L TI The crystal structure of BaBi4Ti4O15 SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE Aurivillius; Rietveld refinement; synchrotron radiation ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB The room temperature structure of BaBi4Ti4O15 is determined by means of high resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction. At Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab., the sample was mounted on a zero background holder and data was collected in reflection geometry at 10 KeV (1.24 Angstrom) from 2degrees to 138degrees in 2theta. Rietveld refinement was performed with programs FULLPROF and GSAS. Starting space group followed Aurivillius' choice 14/mmm. This tetragonal symmetry group does not explain observed peaks splitting, so orthorhombic symmetry was selected. Symmetry F2mm was considered, for it is consistent with observed electric dipole moment in the elementary cell. The selected space group allowed stable and accurate convergence of the refinement. Treatment of the experimental data included diffuse scattering characterization. Structured background fitting gave place to the derivation of the radial distribution function, as a measurement of short range segregation. BaBi4Ti4O15 is orthorhombic, polar and with partial short-range ordering of the Ba and Bi ions. Variations of atomic coordinates, relative to those corresponding to the tetragonal paraelectric condition, give place to the appearance of spontaneous electric polarisation. C1 Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Chih, Mexico. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Inst Ceram & Vidrio, Arganda Del Rey, Spain. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Fuentes, ME (reprint author), Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Chih, Mexico. EM maria.fuentes@cimav.edu.mx RI Fernandez, Jose/M-4402-2014; Camacho-Montes, Hector/P-2061-2015; OI Fernandez, Jose/0000-0001-5894-9866; Camacho-Montes, Hector/0000-0002-2241-9545; Fuentes-Montero, Maria/0000-0002-3388-8224 NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 269 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1080/00150190211169 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 573YX UT WOS:000176861800028 ER PT J AU Noheda, B Cox, DE Shirane, G AF Noheda, B Cox, DE Shirane, G TI Low symmetry phases in piezoelectric systems: PZN-xPT single crystal and powder SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE piezoelectrics; PZN-xPT; monoclinic phase; diffraction ID PB(ZR1-XTIX)O-3 ALLOYS; POLARIZATION ROTATION AB In this review we address some of the experimental challenges found in the x-ray diffraction characterization of the low-symmetry phases recently discovered in the Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 (PZT), Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TixO3 (PZN-PT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TiO3 (PMN-PT) piezoelectric systems around their morphotropic phase boundaries. In particular, we discuss the need for special care in the preparation of powder samples made from single crystals in order to avoid degradation and peak-broadening effects. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Noheda, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 267 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1080/00150190211005 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 573YR UT WOS:000176861100016 ER PT J AU Trepakov, V Galinetto, P Giulotto, E Samoggia, G Savinov, M Vikhnin, V Kapphan, S Jastrabik, L Boatner, L AF Trepakov, V Galinetto, P Giulotto, E Samoggia, G Savinov, M Vikhnin, V Kapphan, S Jastrabik, L Boatner, L TI Recent developments in K1-xLixTa1-yNbyO3 investigations SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE incipient ferroelectrics; impurity effects; phase transitions ID SITE ELECTRIC-DIPOLE; KTAO3-LI; SYSTEM; GLASS AB KTaO3 with small amount (x < 0.01) of Li and simultaneously diluted by Nb (K1-xLixTayNb1-yO3, KLTN) reveals original dipole ordering structural effects. Small Nb co-dopings (y < 0.007) enhance the trend of the Li+ off-centers related subsystem towards cooperative ordering and order-disorder phase transitions. At 0.01 < y < 0.05 the intrigue features of displacive and order-disorder transitions reveal. The most interesting features are the appearance of soft-mode driven ferroelectric transitions accompanied by a Li+ off-centers system freezing followed by a reentrant dipole glass-like phase formation, and the emergence of a narrow transition with giant magnitude of epsilon'(T). Evidences of reentrant dipole glass formation were observed in KTa0.981Nb0.019O3 too. A possible model developed is based on the Li-Nb polar clusters, local configuration instabilities and superparaelectricity conceptions. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Trepakov, Vladimir/H-1352-2014; Jastrabik, Lubomir /H-1217-2014; Savinov, Maxim/H-2417-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 267 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1080/00150190211012 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 573YR UT WOS:000176861100024 ER PT J AU Strukov, BA Shaidshtein, IV Pavlovskaya, TV Grabovskii, SV Uesu, Y Fukunaga, M Carman, L AF Strukov, BA Shaidshtein, IV Pavlovskaya, TV Grabovskii, SV Uesu, Y Fukunaga, M Carman, L TI Phase transitions and dielectric relaxation in dyeing KDP SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE KH2PO4; dyes; ferroelectric phase transition; specific heat; dielectric constant; dielectric relaxation; specific resistivity ID HEAT; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS; KH2PO4 AB Specific heat and dielectric constant of KH2PO4 (KDP) crystal with the inclusion of the organic dyes molecules Chicago Sky Blue (CSB) and Amaranth (A) were studied in the temperature interval including the phase transition temperature (T-c = 122 K). It is shown that the inclusions affect the thermal properties of KDP crystal in the narrow vicinity of the transition point and dielectric properties in the whole polar phase - both at stained pyramidal sectors of the crystal. The complex impedance analysis (10(-2)-10(6) Hz) shows the noticable dispersion in paraelectric phase resulting from of the electrical conductivity the crystal increasing in stained sectors. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119899, Russia. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 60, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Strukov, BA (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119899, Russia. RI Shnaidshtein, Ilya/F-5724-2010; Strukov, Boris/B-5181-2011; Grabovsky, Sergey/F-4191-2012; Fukunaga, Mamoru/C-2781-2015 OI Shnaidshtein, Ilya/0000-0002-1543-4069; NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2002 VL 267 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1080/00150190210996 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 573YR UT WOS:000176861100038 ER PT J AU Peeters, FM Riva, C Varga, K AF Peeters, FM Riva, C Varga, K TI Trions in quantum wells SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Dynamics and Structure of Critically Stable Quantum Few-Body Systems CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL LES HOUCHES, FRANCE ID CHARGED EXCITONS AB The ground-state energy of three-particle systems consisting of electrons and holes as found in semiconducting quantum wells is studied. The degree of confinement is determined by the quantum-well width and we can vary the dimensionality of the system from two to three dimensions. The energy levels of the system can further be altered by the application of an external magnetic field which is directed perpendicular to the well. C1 Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Nat Kunde, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peeters, FM (reprint author), Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Nat Kunde, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RI Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013; CMT, UAntwerpen Group/A-5523-2016 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2-4 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s006010200005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 561BG UT WOS:000176115900005 ER PT J AU Fonseca, AC Hale, G Haidenbauer, J AF Fonseca, AC Hale, G Haidenbauer, J TI Four-nucleon states in the continuum: A means to probe the nucleon-nucleon interaction SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Dynamics and Structure of Critically Stable Quantum Few-Body Systems CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL LES HOUCHES, FRANCE ID N-HE-3 ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ANALYZING POWER; NEUTRONS; HE-3; PARTICLE AB Four-nucleon states in the continuum are studied through exact microscopic calculations based on the solution of the AGS equations for four nonrelativistic quantum particles. Our studies include calculations of cross sections and analyzing powers for all two-body reactions of interest, but here we only show results for n(3)He --> n(3)He. The NN interactions we use are Bonn-CD, Nijmegen II, and Bonn-B. Compared to existing quality data, one finds large discrepancies and some sensitivity to the choice of NN force model. The calculated n + He-3 elastic phase shifts show a very strong inelastic resonance at about 0.3 MeV which is not supported by the total cross-section data. This result is due to the existence of a P-3(0) (0(-)) resonance in isospin I = 0 at this energy and the undesirable coincidence of n + He-3 and P + H-3 thresholds in our calculation due to lack of Coulomb repulsion between protons. This interpretation is supported by R-matrix analyses of the data on the basis of coincident thresholds. Calculated 0(+) and 0(-) states are compared with modified R-matrix analyses. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Fonseca, AC (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Ctr Fis Nucl, Av Prof Gama Pinto 2, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. RI Sa Fonseca, Antonio Carlos/M-3434-2013 OI Sa Fonseca, Antonio Carlos/0000-0002-5289-1162 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 EI 1432-5411 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2-4 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s006010200012 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 561BG UT WOS:000176115900012 ER PT J AU Macek, JH AF Macek, JH TI Multichannel zero-range potentials in the hyperspherical theory of three-body dynamics SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Dynamics and Structure of Critically Stable Quantum Few-Body Systems CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL LES HOUCHES, FRANCE ID LOW-ENERGY; RECOMBINATION; COLLISIONS; SYSTEM AB The hyperspherical adiabatic representation is reviewed. Both the advantages and disadvantages of this representation are discussed. Zero-range potentials are introduced as one way to circumvent one of the disadvantages. It is shown that such potentials can be used to model complex multiparticle interactions. An application to magnetic tuning of Feshbach resonances shows how complex processes can be modeled in a fairly simple way. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Macek, JH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2-4 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s006010200028 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 561BG UT WOS:000176115900028 ER PT J AU Kartavtsev, OI Macek, JH AF Kartavtsev, OI Macek, JH TI Low-energy three-body recombination near a Feshbach resonance SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Dynamics and Structure of Critically Stable Quantum Few-Body Systems CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL LES HOUCHES, FRANCE ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ATOMS; SCATTERING; GAS AB Ultralow-energy three-body recombination of identical particles with internal degrees of freedom is considered. The study reveals two different mechanisms for recombination enhancement below and above resonance, namely, production of loosely bound dimers for positive scattering length a(B)--> infinity and diminishing of the potential barrier in the entrance channel for negative a(B) --> -infinity. The recombination rate on both sides of a Feshbach resonance is found to diverge as a power of the resonance detuning. The results are in agreement with experimental data. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dzhelepov Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kartavtsev, OI (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dzhelepov Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna 141980, Russia. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2-4 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s006010200029 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 561BG UT WOS:000176115900029 ER PT S AU Gokhale, M Dubois, D Dubois, A Boorman, M Poole, S Hogsett, V AF Gokhale, M Dubois, D Dubois, A Boorman, M Poole, S Hogsett, V BE Glesner, M Zipf, P Renovell, M TI Granidt: Towards gigabit rate network intrusion detection technology SO FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS: RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING IS GOING MAINSTREAM SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications CY SEP 02-04, 2002 CL MONTPELLER, FRANCE SP Lab Informat Robot Micoelectr Montpellier AB We describe a novel application of reconfigurable computing to the problem of computer network security. By filteringr network packets with customized logic circuits, we can search headers as well as packet content for specific signatures at Gigabit Ethernet line rate. Input to our system is a set of filter rule descriptions in the format of the public domain "snort" databases. These descriptions are used by the hardware circuits on two Xilinx Virtex 1000 FPGAs on a SLAAC1V [9]board. Packets axe read from a Gigabit Ethernet interface card, the GRIP [8], and flow directly through the packet filtering circuits. A vector describing matching packet headers and content are returned to the host program, which relates matches back to the rule database, so that logs or alerts can be generated. The hardware runs at 66 MHz with 32-bit data, giving an effective line rate of 2 Gb/s. The granidt combination software/hardware runs at 24.9X the speed of snort 1.8. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gokhale, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-44108-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2438 BP 404 EP 413 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV44G UT WOS:000178978700043 ER PT B AU Pal, MD Brislawn, CM Brumby, SR AF Pal, MD Brislawn, CM Brumby, SR GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Feature extraction from hyperspectral images compressed using the JPEG-2000 Standard SO FIFTH IEEE SOUTHWEST SYMPOSIUM ON IMAGE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation CY APR 07-09, 2002 CL SANTA FE, NM SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Signal Processing Soc ID 3D WAVELETS; KLT AB We present results quantifying the exploitability of compressed remote sensing imagery. The performance of various feature extraction and classification tasks is measured on hyperspectral images coded using the JPEG-2000 Standard. Spectral decorrelation is performed using the Karhunen-Loeve Transform and the 9-7 wavelet transform as part of the JPEG-2000 process. The quantitative performance of supervised, unsupervised, and hybrid classification tasks is reported as a function of the compressed bit rate for each spectral decorrelation scheme. The tasks examined are shown to perform with 99% accuracy at rates as low as 0.125 bits/pixel/band. This suggests that one need not limit remote sensing systems to lossless compression only, since many common classification tools perforin reliably, on images compressed to very low bit rates. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pal, MD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1537-1 PY 2002 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1109/IAI.2002.999912 PG 5 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU39F UT WOS:000175881800034 ER PT S AU Barnum, H Crepeau, C Gottesman, D Smith, A Tapp, A AF Barnum, H Crepeau, C Gottesman, D Smith, A Tapp, A GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Authentication of quantum messages SO FOCS 2002: 43RD ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science CY NOV 16-19, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm, Math Fdn Comp, ACM SIGACT DE authentication; quantum information ID CHANNELS AB Authentication is a well-studied area of classical cryptography: a sender A and a receiver B sharing a classical secret key want to exchange a classical message with the guarantee that the message has not been modified or replaced by a dishonest party with control of the communication line. In this paper we study the authentication of messages composed of quantum states. We give a formal definition of authentication in the quantum setting. Assuming A and B have access to an insecure quantum channel and share a secret, classical random key, we provide a non-interactive scheme that enables A to both encrypt and authenticate an m qubit message by encoding it into m + s qubits, where the error probability decreases exponentially in the security parameters. The scheme requires a secret key of size 2m + O(s). To achieve this, we give a highly efficient protocol for testing the purity of shared EPR pairs. It has long been known that learning information about a general quantum state will necessarily disturb it. We refine this result to show that such a disturbance can be done with few side effects, allowing it to circumvent cryptographic protections. Consequently, any scheme to authenticate quantum messages must also encrypt them. In contrast, no such constraint exists classically. This reasoning has two important consequences: It allows us to give a lower bound of 2m key bits for authenticating m qubits, which makes our protocol asymptotically optimal. Moreover, we use it to show that digitally signing quantum states is impossible. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Grp 3, Los Alamos, NM 87554 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Grp 3, Los Alamos, NM 87554 USA. EM barnum@lanl.gov; crepeau@cs.mcgill.ca; gottesma@eecs.berkeley.edu; asmith@theory.lcs.mit.edu; tappa@iro.umontreal.ca NR 11 TC 84 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0272-5428 BN 0-7695-1822-2 J9 ANN IEEE SYMP FOUND PY 2002 BP 449 EP 458 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BV75D UT WOS:000179945300045 ER PT J AU Collins, BS Battaglia, LL AF Collins, BS Battaglia, LL TI Microenvironmental heterogeneity and Quercus michauxii regeneration in experimental gaps SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE bottomland hardwoods; canopy gaps; heterogeneity; microtopography; Quercus michauxii; oak regeneration ID EXPERIMENTAL HURRICANE BLOWDOWN; WOODY PLANT-REGENERATION; FLOODPLAIN FOREST; CANOPY GAPS; TREEFALL PITS; RAIN-FOREST; GROWTH; LIGHT; DYNAMICS; ESTABLISHMENT AB Canopy gaps are foci for forest regeneration; the gap environment promotes establishment and tree growth into the canopy, In bottomland hardwood forests, micro topography and light are modified simultaneously in natural gaps. Their combined effects may influence seedling establishment and growth. Desirable red and white oaks are often regenerated in bottomland hardwood forests through group selection cutting that mimics the gap environment. We tested effects of canopy openness and microtopography on regeneration of a moderately shade -intolerant oak, Quercus michauxii, in experimental canopy gaps in a bottomland hardwood forest on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Gap sizes were centered on the median opening size of natural gaps in an old-growth bottomland hardwood forest. Acorns were planted at 100 random level locations in and around each of two replicate 7, 10, 14, 20, 29, and 40 in radius gaps in early spring, Acorns were also planted on pit and mound microtopography complexes created in the center, at the edge, and under intact canopy surrounding two 29 in and three 40 in radius gaps. Over all gaps, 21-37% of the randomly located acorns emerged and survived one summer; 8-26% survived two summers. Survival was influenced more by seedling size than by gap size or distance from gap center, Seedlings on level locations that survived two seasons were taller in the first year, had greater maximum leaf area, and tended to be farther from the center of large gaps than seedlings that died after I year, Height of second-year seedlings was related more to first-year plant size than to distance from gap center or gap size. Seedling emergence from acorns planted on microtopography complexes was greater on mounds than in pits at gap center and beneath intact canopy; no seedlings emerged in pits, in the gap center. Once established, seedling survival and growth on the microtopography complexes was higher a( the gap center. Management of bottomland hardwoods for Q. michauxii regeneration from acorns may be most successful if practices that create conditions favorable for formation of a seedling bank, i.e. raised topography beneath a thin canopy, are followed by light harvests that promote seedling growth and ascent into open canopy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Collins, BS (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00565-5 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100023 ER PT J AU Bardeen, WA AF Bardeen, WA TI On the large Nc expansion in quantum chromodynamics SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC MATRIX-ELEMENTS; NONLEPTONIC DECAYS; K->PI-PI DECAYS; MODEL; RULE; QCD AB I discuss methods based on the large Nc expansion to study nonperturbative aspects of quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force. I apply these methods to the analysis of weak decay processes and the nonperturbative computation of the weak matrix elements needed for a complete evaluation of these decays in the Standard Model of elementary particle physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bardeen, WA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500,MS 106, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5-7 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1002/1521-3978(200205)50:5/7<483::AID-PROP483>3.0.CO;2-B PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 557UJ UT WOS:000175926300008 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ TI The Heisenberg matrix formulation of quantum field theory SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONE WAVE-FUNCTION; FUNCTION REPRESENTATION; CHROMODYNAMICS; MOMENTUM; LATTICE; GAUGE; QCD AB Heisenberg's matrix formulation of quantum mechanics can be generalized to relativistic systems by evolving in light-front time tau = t + z/c. The spectrum and wavefunctions of bound states, such as hadrons in quantum chromodynamics, can be obtained from matrix diagonalization of the light-front Hamiltonian on a finite dimensional light-front Fock basis defined using periodic boundary conditions in x(-) and x(+). This method, discretized light-cone quantization (DLCQ), preserves the frame-independence of the front form even at finite resolution and particle number. Light-front quantization can also be used in the Hamiltonian form to construct an event generator for high energy physics reactions at the amplitude level. The light-front partition function, summed over exponentially-weighted light-front energies, has simple boost properties which may be useful for studies in heavy ion collisions. I also review recent work which shows that the structure functions measured in deep inelastic lepton scattering are affected by final-state rescattering, thus modifying their connection to light-front probability distributions. In particular, the shadowing of nuclear structure functions is due to destructive interference effects from leading-twist diffraction of the virtual photon, physics not included in the nuclear light-front wavefunctions. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5-7 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1002/1521-3978(200205)50:5/7<503::AID-PROP503>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 557UJ UT WOS:000175926300011 ER PT B AU Gaffney, JS Marley, NA AF Gaffney, JS Marley, NA GP AMS AMS TI Historical overview of the development of chemiluminescence detection and its application to air pollutants SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID REDUCED SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; NITRIC-OXIDE; OZONE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gaffney, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000001 ER PT B AU Xu, Y Wesely, ML Pierce, TE AF Xu, Y Wesely, ML Pierce, TE GP AMS AMS TI A study of isoprene emissions in relation to ozone formation in the eastern United States SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; REGIONAL SCALES; MODEL C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000005 ER PT B AU Berkowitz, CM Stutz, J Spicer, CW Doran, JC Fast, JD Wang, SH AF Berkowitz, CM Stutz, J Spicer, CW Doran, JC Fast, JD Wang, SH GP AMS AMS TI Vertical mixing and chemistry over an arid urban site: First results from skyscraper observations made during the Phoenix Sunrise Campaign SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Berkowitz, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000007 ER PT B AU Doskey, PV Kotamarthi, VR AF Doskey, PV Kotamarthi, VR GP AMS AMS TI Measurements of nonmethane hydrocarbons in three US cities SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Doskey, PV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000010 ER PT B AU Doran, JC Berkowitz, CM Fast, JD AF Doran, JC Berkowitz, CM Fast, JD GP AMS AMS TI The Phoenix 2001 field campaign: Evolution of oxidants during the morning transition period SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doran, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000016 ER PT B AU Kotamarthi, VR Doskey, PV Xu, Y Wesely, ML Lonneman, W Olszyna, K AF Kotamarthi, VR Doskey, PV Xu, Y Wesely, ML Lonneman, W Olszyna, K GP AMS AMS TI Diurnal variation of NMHCs at a downtown site in Nashville: Model and measurements SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kotamarthi, VR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 94 EP 96 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000018 ER PT B AU Kotamarthi, VR Wesely, ML AF Kotamarthi, VR Wesely, ML GP AMS AMS TI Effects of fast chemical reactions on estimated emission fluxes of NOX from soil SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIFFUSION; CHEMISTRY; MODEL C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kotamarthi, VR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000020 ER PT B AU Marley, NA Gaffney, JS AF Marley, NA Gaffney, JS GP AMS AMS TI Northeast Oxidant and Particle Study (NEOPS): Preliminary results from the Centerton, New Jersey, field site SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN; NITRATES; PANS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Marley, NA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000022 ER PT B AU Fast, JD AF Fast, JD GP AMS AMS TI The relative role of local and regional-scale processes on ozone in Philadelphia SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000023 ER PT B AU Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Brechtel, F Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR Weinstein-Lloyd, J AF Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Brechtel, F Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR Weinstein-Lloyd, J GP AMS AMS TI Ozone production in the Philadelphia urban area during NE-OPS 99 SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID MECHANISM C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kleinman, LI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 140 EP 145 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000027 ER PT B AU Berkowitz, CM Springston, S Doran, JC Fast, JD AF Berkowitz, CM Springston, S Doran, JC Fast, JD GP AMS AMS TI Vertical mixing and chemistry over an arid urban site: First results from aircraft observations made during the Phoenix sunrise campaign SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Berkowitz, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000031 ER PT B AU Daum, PH AF Daum, PH GP AMS AMS TI An overview of TexAQS 2000 SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Daum, PH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 169 EP 169 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000032 ER PT B AU Berkowitz, CM Zaveri, RA Spicer, CW Doskey, PV Weinstein-Llyod, J AF Berkowitz, CM Zaveri, RA Spicer, CW Doskey, PV Weinstein-Llyod, J GP AMS AMS TI Ozone production efficiency at the Williams Tower SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Berkowitz, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000034 ER PT B AU Barrie, LA Disselkamp, RS Shutthanandan, S AF Barrie, LA Disselkamp, RS Shutthanandan, S GP AMS AMS TI Size-segregated multi-elemental aerosol analysis at Williams Tower during Texas air quality 2000 SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Barrie, LA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 175 EP 176 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000035 ER PT B AU Gaffney, JS Marley, NA AF Gaffney, JS Marley, NA GP AMS AMS TI Chemical genealogy of an atmospheric chemist: James N. Pitts, Jr., a case study SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gaffney, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000038 ER PT B AU Gaffney, JS Marley, NA AF Gaffney, JS Marley, NA GP AMS AMS TI Measurements of beryllium-7 and ozone at Deer Park during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PB-210; BE-7; RAIN; SNOW; HAIL C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gaffney, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000039 ER PT B AU Buzorius, G Brechtel, F Zelenyuk, A Imre, D Angevine, WM AF Buzorius, G Brechtel, F Zelenyuk, A Imre, D Angevine, WM GP AMS AMS TI Observations of recent new particle formation in Houston during TEXAQS-2000 SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brechtel, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 214 EP 217 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000048 ER PT B AU Springston, SR Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Weinstein-Lloyd, J Brechtel, F AF Springston, SR Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Weinstein-Lloyd, J Brechtel, F GP AMS AMS TI Chemical evolution of a power-plant plume SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID OZONE; TENNESSEE C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Springston, SR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div, Bldg 815E,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 234 EP 237 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000053 ER PT B AU Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Brechtel, F Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR Weinstein-Lloyd, J AF Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Brechtel, F Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR Weinstein-Lloyd, J GP AMS AMS TI Efficiency of ozone production in the Houston plume SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID TROPOSPHERE C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kleinman, LI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 248 EP 250 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000057 ER PT B AU Daum, PH Kleinman, LI Brechtel, F Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR Weinstein-Lloyd, J AF Daum, PH Kleinman, LI Brechtel, F Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR Weinstein-Lloyd, J GP AMS AMS TI Ozone precursors, source regions, and O-3 formation during the TexAQS 2000 study SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Daum, PH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 251 EP 253 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000058 ER PT B AU Lee, YN Song, Z Liu, Y Daum, P Weber, R Orsini, D Laulainen, N Hubbe, J Morris, V AF Lee, YN Song, Z Liu, Y Daum, P Weber, R Orsini, D Laulainen, N Hubbe, J Morris, V GP AMS AMS TI Aerosol chemical characterization on board the DOE G1 aircraft using a particle-into-liquid-sampler during the TexAQS 2000 experiment SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, YN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 263 EP 266 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000062 ER PT B AU Laskin, A Gaspar, DJ Iedema, MJ Cowin, JP AF Laskin, A Gaspar, DJ Iedema, MJ Cowin, JP GP AMS AMS TI Time resolved field study of chlorine depletion from individual sea SO FOURTH CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: URBAN, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALE IMPACTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SALT PARTICLES; AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB Progress of the chlorine depletion and nitrate enrichment in individual field-collected sea salt particles was monitored as a function of time using aerosol samples collected during the TexAQS 2000 experiment. Using a custom Time-resolved Aerosol Collector (TRAC) samples were taken every 10 minutes over the entire month's field campaign. The stored samples were analyzed in the lab using an automated Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersed analysis of X-rays (SEM/EDX) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Between midnight and the early morning of 08/18/00, a steady sea-salt rich aerosol was observed, which later showed the effects of atmospheric processing. In each tested sample, 1500-2000 individual particles from 0.2 mum and larger were analyzed for their elemental composition including detection of low-Z elements: C, N and O. The analysis revealed that for the chosen period of time, sodium-containing particles comprised nearly 50% by number of the coarse particle mode (0.7 < D-p < 2.5 mum). During the night, these particles were almost pure sea salt particles. By 12 noon, the evolving atmosphere was able to completely convert them to sodium nitrate particles, and to a lesser extent, sodium sulfate particles. During the evening, this process nearly stopped and fairly virgin sea salt particles appeared again. The time-resolved collection approach coupled with the automated EDX single particle analysis makes it possible to follow in great detail the time evolution of individual types of particles within a complicated aerosol mixture. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MS K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 284 EP 291 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV53X UT WOS:000179290000068 ER PT B AU Sheldon, FT Jerath, K Pilskalns, O Kwon, YJ Kim, WH Chung, H AF Sheldon, FT Jerath, K Pilskalns, O Kwon, YJ Kim, WH Chung, H GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Case study: B2B e-commerce system specification and implementation employing Use-Case diagrams, digital signatures and XML SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Multimedia Software Engineering CY DEC 11-13, 2002 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc ID BUSINESS ELECTRONIC COMMERCE; WEB APPLICATIONS; MODEL AB This paper presents a case study highlighting the best practices for designing and developing a B2B e-commerce system. We developed a remote order-and-delivery web-based system. for an auto-parts manufacturing company. The system requirements were determined by interviewing employee stakeholders. An initial scenario of the system was prototyped and refined until the users and developers were satisfied. A formalized specification of the requirements employing Use-Case Diagrams and based on event flow was developed and coded using XML. This helped keep the documentation simple and clear. Testing was performed at the component level allowing for feedback to previous steps when errors appeared. Digital signatures were employed for implementing security. The end product enabled a reduction in the processing time of transactions, reduced processing cost, improved accuracy, efficiency, reliability, and security of transmitted data; and our strategy shortened the System Development Life Cycle. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sheldon@acm.org; kjerath@eecs.wsu.edu; orest@eecs.wsu.edu; yjkwon@taegu.ac.kr; macshow@taegu.ac.kr; hchung@eecs.wsu.edu OI Sheldon, Frederick/0000-0003-1241-2750 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1857-5 PY 2002 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1109/MMSE.2002.1181602 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV88N UT WOS:000180301700014 ER PT S AU Hutchinson, DP Richards, RK Simpson, JT Simpson, ML AF Hutchinson, DP Richards, RK Simpson, JT Simpson, ML BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI All weather long-wavelength infrared free space optical communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol AB ORNL is developing a high-speed, full-duplex all weather communications link for ranges up to 5 kilometers. To accomplish this project, we have constructed an RF-driven waveguide CO2 laser and a dielectric-waveguide Stark modulator. The 10-micron wavelength was selected for its ability to penetrate smoke, fog, and rain. The modulator is based on the Stark shift of NH2D (deuterated ammonia). The laser is driven by a 60 MHz RF amplifier at a power level of approximately 50 watts. The resonator cavity of the laser is formed by a 2.4 mm internal diameter ceramic waveguide with external optics. The RF electrodes are formed from aluminum heatsink extrusions that also provide cooling for the discharge. Details of the laser design will be presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hutchinson, DP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.450643 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300005 ER PT S AU Wilks, SC Morris, JR Brase, JM Olivier, SS Henderson, JR Thompson, CA Kartz, MW Ruggerio, AJ AF Wilks, SC Morris, JR Brase, JM Olivier, SS Henderson, JR Thompson, CA Kartz, MW Ruggerio, AJ BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Modeling of adaptive optics-based free-space communications systems SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE laser propagation; free space communications; adaptive optics; atmospheric propagation; MEMS mirrors; SATRN ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TURBULENCE AB We introduce a wave-optics based simulation code written for air-optic laser communications links, that includes a detailed model of an adaptive optics compensation system. We present the results obtained by this model, where the phase of a communications laser beam is corrected, after it propagates through a turbulent atmosphere. The phase of the received laser beam is measured using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, and the correction method utilizes a MEMS mirror. Strehl improvement and amount of power coupled to the receiving fiber for both I km horizontal and 28 km slant paths are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wilks, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L290, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1117/12.453528 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300013 ER PT S AU Thompson, CA Kartz, MW Flath, LM Wilks, SC Young, RA Johnson, GW Ruggiero, AJ AF Thompson, CA Kartz, MW Flath, LM Wilks, SC Young, RA Johnson, GW Ruggiero, AJ BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Free space optical communications utilizing MEMS adaptive optics correction SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE adaptive optics; free space optical; free space laser communications; MEMS; SATRN ID LINK AB Free space optical communications (FSO) are beginning to provide attractive alternatives to fiber-based solutions in many situations. Currently, a handful of companies provide fiberless alternatives especially aimed at corporate intranet and sporting event video. These solutions are geared toward solving the "last mile" connectivity issues. There exists a potential need to extend this pathlength to distances much greater than a I km, particularly for government and military applications. For cases of long distance optical propagation, atmospheric turbulence will ultimately limit the maximum achievable data rate. In this paper, we propose a method of improved signal quality through the use of adaptive optics. In particular, we show work in progress toward a high-speed, small footprint Adaptive Optics system for horizontal and slant path laser communications. Such a system relies heavily on recent progress in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) deformable mirrors as well as improved communication and computational components. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Thompson, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.451463 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300014 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Liu, HK Braiman, Y AF Liu, Y Liu, HK Braiman, Y BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Injection locking of broad-area semiconductor lasers for free-space laser communication SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE broad-area laser; laser diode array; injection locking; MOPA; dynamics; free-space laser communication ID DIODE-LASERS; SYSTEM; ARRAYS AB This paper describes experimental results on the injection locking of high-power broad-area semiconductor lasers in a commercially available 19-laser array driven by a common current source. Single-frequency optical spectrum and single lobe far-field pattern are observed as a result of injection locking. We discuss the temporal dynamics, the amplification of the injection fight, and the phase coherence between the injection-locked lasers, which are key issues in their applications to free-space laser communication. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1117/12.450938 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300026 ER PT S AU Johnson, GW Cornish, JP Wilburn, JW Young, RA Ruggiero, AJ AF Johnson, GW Cornish, JP Wilburn, JW Young, RA Ruggiero, AJ BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Characterization of Gigabit Ethernet over highly turbulent optical wireless links SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE Gigabit Ethernet; WDM; air-optic communications; free space optics; SATRN AB We report on the performance characterization and issues associated with using Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) over a highly turbulent (C-n(2) > 10(-12)) 1.3 km air-optic lasercom links. Commercial GigE hardware is a cost-effective and scalable physical layer standard that can be applied to air-optic communications. We demonstrate a simple GigE hardware interface to a single-mode fiber-coupled, 1550 nm, WDM air-optic transceiver. TCP/IP serves as a robust and universal foundation protocol that has some tolerance of data loss due to atmospheric fading. Challenges include establishing and maintaining a connection with acceptable throughput under poor propagation conditions. The most useful link performance diagnostic is shown to be scintillation index, where a value of 0.2 is the maximum permissible for adequate GigE throughput. Maximum GigE throughput observed was 49.7% of that obtained with a fiber jumper when scintillation index is 0.1. Shortcomings in conventional measurements such as bit error rate are apparent. Prospects for forward error correction and other link enhancements will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Johnson, GW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-183, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1117/12.450644 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300029 ER PT S AU Kim, YH Grice, WP AF Kim, YH Grice, WP BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Generation and spectral engineering of pulsed polarization entangled states SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE quantum entanglement; spontaneous parametric down conversion; joint spectrum ID PARAMETRIC-DOWN-CONVERSION; 2-PHOTON ENTANGLEMENT; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; MU-M; DISTINGUISHABILITY; PERFORMANCE; LITHOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; PHOTODIODES; PAIRS AB The quantum state of the photon pair generated from type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion pumped by a ultrafast laser pulse exhibits strong decoherence in its polarization entanglement, an effect which can be attributed to the clock effect of the pump pulse or, equivalently, to distinguishing spectral information in the two-photon state. Here, we discuss novel spectral engineering techniques to eliminate these detrimental decoherence effects. In addition, spectral engineering provides a means for generating polarization entangled states with novel spectral characteristics: the frequency-correlated state and the frequency-uncorrelated state. Such states may find usefulness in experimental quantum information science and quantum metrology applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013 OI Grice, Warren/0000-0003-4266-4692; NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 364 EP 372 DI 10.1117/12.450997 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300037 ER PT S AU Meyers, RE Deacon, KS Braiman, YY Liu, Y Liu, HK Kim, YH Barhen, J AF Meyers, RE Deacon, KS Braiman, YY Liu, Y Liu, HK Kim, YH Barhen, J BE Ricklin, JC Voelz, DG TI Synchronized laser array as a source for quantum communication SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND LASER IMAGING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Laser Imaging II CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; BELL THEOREM; FREE-SPACE; CRYPTOGRAPHY AB A synchronized broad-area laser array (SBLA) can produce a highly coherent light source whose output intensity is proportional to the square of the number of lasers in the array. High contrast optical intensity modulation can be achieved by utilizing the nonlinear response of the total output intensity to the injected light, resulting in fast optical switching. SBLA can also be applied to phased array antenna and beam steering. Thus, semiconductor laser array capability provides a unique opportunity not only for free-space adaptive optical communication but also for free-space quantum adaptive optical communications through the atmosphere. In this paper, we propose a paradigm that illustrates how quantum communication (which provides quantum ultra-security) can take advantage of ultrashort pules, high repetition rate, high power density (due to coherent beam coupling), and spatial beam control. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyers, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4821 BP 436 EP 446 DI 10.1117/12.451057 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91L UT WOS:000180378300044 ER PT S AU Nordholt, JE Hughes, RJ Morgan, GL Peterson, CG Wipf, CC AF Nordholt, JE Hughes, RJ Morgan, GL Peterson, CG Wipf, CC BE Mecherle, GS TI Present and future free-space quantum key distribution SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XIV CY JAN 21-22, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE quantum cryptography; quantum key distribution; free-space; optical communications ID PRIVACY AMPLIFICATION AB Free-space quantum key distribution (QKD), more popularly know as quantum cryptography, uses single-photon free-space optical communications to distribute the secret keys required for secure communications. At Los Alamos National Laboratory we have demonstrated a fully automated system that is capable of operations at any time of day over a horizontal range of several kilometers. This has proven the technology is capable of operation from a spacecraft to the ground, opening up the possibility of QKD between any group of users anywhere on Earth. This system, the prototyping of a new system for use on a spacecraft, and the techniques required for world -wide quantum key distribution will be described. The operational parameters and performance of a system designed to operate between low earth orbit (LEO) and the ground will also be discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Nordholt, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM JNordholt@LANL.gov; Hughes@LANL.gov NR 7 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4374-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4635 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.464085 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BU67M UT WOS:000176682900012 ER PT B AU Barabash, RI Ice, GE Larson, BC Yang, W AF Barabash, RI Ice, GE Larson, BC Yang, W BE Billinge, SJL Thorpe, MF TI Local dislocation structure from Laue diffraction SO FROM SEMICONDUCTORS TO PROTEINS: BEYOND THE AVERAGE STRUCTURE SE FUNDAMENTAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT From Semiconductors to Proteins Workshop CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2001 CL TRAVERSE CITY, MI ID X-RAY MICROBEAMS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; SCATTERING; ROTATION; TEXTURE; COPPER; FILMS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47239-2 J9 FUNDMAT RES PY 2002 BP 49 EP 66 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU64N UT WOS:000176592200004 ER PT B AU Campbell, BJ Billinge, SJL Lynn, JW Osborn, R Sinha, SK AF Campbell, BJ Billinge, SJL Lynn, JW Osborn, R Sinha, SK BE Billinge, SJL Thorpe, MF TI The structure of Jahn-Teller polarons in the colossal magnetoresistive manganites SO FROM SEMICONDUCTORS TO PROTEINS: BEYOND THE AVERAGE STRUCTURE SE FUNDAMENTAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT From Semiconductors to Proteins Workshop CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2001 CL TRAVERSE CITY, MI ID RAY DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; MAGNETOTRANSPORT PROPERTIES; OXIDE LA0.7CA0.3MNO3; FERROMAGNETIC PHASE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MANGANESE OXIDES; T-C; CHARGE; LA1-XCAXMNO3; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7 C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Campbell, BJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140 NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47239-2 J9 FUNDMAT RES PY 2002 BP 183 EP 202 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU64N UT WOS:000176592200011 ER PT S AU Sokhansanj, BA Garnham, JB Fitch, JP AF Sokhansanj, BA Garnham, JB Fitch, JP BE Kessler, MD Muller, GJ TI Interpreting microarray data to build models of microbial genetic regulation networks SO FUNCTIONAL MONITORING AND DRUG-TISSUE INTERACTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Functional Monitoring and Drug-Tissue Interaction CY JAN 21-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE microarrays; bacteria; gene regulation; fuzzy logic; modeling and simulation ID EXPRESSION AB Microarrays and DNA chips are an efficient, high-throughput technology for measuring temporal changes in the expression of message RNA (mRNA) from thousands of genes (often the entire genome of an organism) in a single experiment. A crucial drawback of microarray experiments is that results are inherently qualitative: data are generally neither quantatively repeatable, nor may microarray spot intensities be calibrated to in vivo mRNA concentrations. Nevertheless, microarrays represent by the far the cheapest and fastest way to obtain information about a cell s global genetic regulatory networks. Besides poor signal characteristics, the massive number of data produced by microarray experiments poses challenges for visualization, interpretation and model building. Towards initial model development, we have developed a Java tool for visualizing the spatial organization of gene expression in bacteria. We are also developing an approach to inferring and testing qualitative fuzzy logic models of gene regulation using microarray data. Because we are developing and testing qualitative hypotheses that do not require quantitative precision, our statistical evaluation of experimental data is limited to checking for validity and consistency. Our goals are to maximize the impact of inexpensive microarray technology, bearing in mind that biological models and hypotheses are typically qualitative. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sokhansanj, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-452,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4362-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4623 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1117/12.469450 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU92S UT WOS:000177418700003 ER PT S AU Yu, K Smarsly, B Brinker, J AF Yu, K Smarsly, B Brinker, J BE Moss, SC TI Closed-cell mesostructured porous silica films templated by PS-b-PEO without additional microporosity SO FUNCTIONAL NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS THROUGH MULTISCALE ASSEMBLY AND NOVEL PATTERNING TECHNIQUES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Functional Nanostructured Materials through Multiscale Assembly and Novel Patterning Techniques held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 02-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES AB Mesostructured silica/diblock films with a 3D arrangement of spherical domains (bcc) were prepared through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) using polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers as structure-directing Agents and TEOS (Si(OCH2CH3)(4)) and/or MTES (Si(OCH2CH3)(3)CH3) as silica precursors. A detailed small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis of the calcined mesoporous films showed that, in contrast to recently reported studies, no additional microporosity due to the PEO was observed, indicating that the PEO block formed a layer at the interface between the PS domain and the silica matrix and thus contributed to the mesopore volume. These mesostructured porous silica films are believed to be the first in respect of isolated spheres with a 3D array distributed in a silica matrix without additional microporosity and with MTES as silica precursor. Such closed-cell mesostructured porous materials with high porosity and controllable hydrophobicity can be excellent candidates for low dielectric (K) insulator materials. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yu, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1349, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI ye, bin/K-7828-2012; 牛, 开心/C-3081-2014 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-664-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 728 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BV70Q UT WOS:000179853500004 ER PT S AU Phillpot, SR Sepliarsky, M Streiffer, SK Stachiotti, MG Migoni, RL AF Phillpot, SR Sepliarsky, M Streiffer, SK Stachiotti, MG Migoni, RL BE Cohen, RE TI Order-disorder behavior in KNbO3 and KNb3/KTaO3 solid solutions and superlattices by molecular-dynamics simulation SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics 2002 Workshop CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP USN, Off Naval Res, Carnegie Inst Washington ID ATOMIC-LEVEL SIMULATION; TRANSITIONS; PHASE AB We use molecular-dynamics simulation to examine the order-disorder behavior in pure ferroelectric KNbO3 and in KNbO3-KTaO3 ferroelectric-paraelectric solid solutions and superlattices. We find that the order-disorder behavior is remarkably robust and plays an important role in both the polarization rotation associated with switching of the perfect crystal and in the dynamical behavior of the solid solutions and superlattices. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Phillpot, SR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0079-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 626 BP 160 EP 168 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BV06A UT WOS:000177721700019 ER PT B AU Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK AF Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK BE Taylor, PR Chandra, D Bautista, RG TI Magnetic materials for the conversion of magnetic energy to cooling and heating SO FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; GD-5(SI2GE2); FIELD; TRANSITION; CAPACITY; ALLOYS AB The magnetocaloric effect has been known for 120 years and has been utilized for cooling about 70 years. But in the last four years significant advances have been made to show that magnetic refrigeration is a viable and competitive cooling technology. Most of the work has focused on reciprocating devices, but rotary apparati are being developed. To date the magnetocaloric properties have been characterized for more than 200 materials. The magnetocaloric effect behaviors have been classified into three types of behaviors. The most common one is found in magnetic materials which exhibit a second order magnetic phase transition. Magnetic materials which exhibit a first order magnetic phase transition account for the second group of materials. Materials which exhibit multi-magnetic phase transitions make up the third group. The best candidate materials for magnetic cooling over the range from similar to4 to similar to1350 K are also presented. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-516-6 PY 2002 BP 9 EP 23 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU23A UT WOS:000175404000002 ER PT B AU Pecharsky, VK Balema, VP AF Pecharsky, VK Balema, VP BE Taylor, PR Chandra, D Bautista, RG TI Mechanochemically induced solid-state transformations of complex aluminohydrides SO FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div ID HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS; SODIUM ALUMINUM-HYDRIDE; ACTIVATION AB Recent interest in complex aluminohydrides as potential near ambient, ultra-high capacity, solid-state sources of hydrogen (e.g., for fuel cells) calls for an improved understanding of the processes occurring in these hydrogen-containing materials during both the release and the uptake of hydrogen. Lithium aluminohydride (LiAlH4) rapidly releases 5.2 wt. % of hydrogen (i.e., nearly four times more than LaNi5-based alloys) during mechanochemical processing at ambient conditions in the presence of transition metal catalysts. Using a variety of solid-state characterization techniques, the mechanochemical transformations in a series of LiAlH4 - metal catalyst systems have been examined and preliminary insights on the mechanism have been obtained. Surprisingly, the well-known hydrogenating-dehydrogenating catalysts, such as Ni and Pt, are practically inactive in the mechanochemical dehydrogenation of LiAlH4. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pecharsky, VK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-516-6 PY 2002 BP 95 EP 107 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU23A UT WOS:000175404000010 ER PT B AU Kwong, J Bennett, JP AF Kwong, J Bennett, JP BE Taylor, PR Chandra, D Bautista, RG TI The environmental benefits from computer modeling EAF slag chemistry SO FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div AB The recycling of MgO-C refractories as a slag conditioner in EAF (electrical arc furnace) foaming slags have been evaluated by the Albany Research Center. The amount of MgO in the slags is critical for the foaming quality. Good foaming slags provide the benefits of high energy efficiency and low refractory consumption and require saturation with MgO. A computer model predicting the chemistry of MgO saturated foaming slags was designed to predict suitable amounts of MgO additives from MgO-C spent refractories. This model can also help to reduce the amount of slags and to improve the economics of producing steel. The implementation of this recycling program is underway at steel plants and the experience of recycling spent refractories will be discussed. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Kwong, J (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-516-6 PY 2002 BP 339 EP 348 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU23A UT WOS:000175404000030 ER PT B AU Bennett, JP Kwong, KS AF Bennett, JP Kwong, KS BE Taylor, PR Chandra, D Bautista, RG TI Common elements of industries that successfully recycle/reuse spent refractory materials SO FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div AB The successful reuse/recycling of refractory materials after removal from industrial service is limited because of contamination, the low value of spent materials, the low cost of virgin raw materials, the lack of driving forces such as regulations or taxes, and low disposal costs. Most spent refractory is disposed in landfills. Concerns over future liability for waste materials, corporate images, and ISO 14000 have helped to encourage recycling at some companies. The recycling practices and application for spent refractory materials at facilities successfully recycling used refractory materials will be discussed, with emphasis on similarities. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-516-6 PY 2002 BP 423 EP 432 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU23A UT WOS:000175404000037 ER PT J AU Goodin, DT Gibson, CR Petzoldt, RW Siegel, NP Thompson, L Nobile, A Besenbruch, GE Schultz, KR AF Goodin, DT Gibson, CR Petzoldt, RW Siegel, NP Thompson, L Nobile, A Besenbruch, GE Schultz, KR TI Developing the basis for target injection and tracking in Inertial Fusion Energy power plants SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Physics and Technology of Inertial Fusion Energy Targets and Chambers CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP IAEA Tech Comm DE Inertial Fusion Energy; cryogenic; DT fuel AB Fueling of a commercial Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plant consists of supplying about 500,000 fusion targets each day. The most challenging type of target in this regard is for laser-driven, direct drive IFE. Spherical capsules with cryogenic DT fuel must be injected into the center of a reaction chamber operating at temperatures as high as 1500 degreesC and possibly containing as much as 0.5 Torr of xenon fill gas. Fueling of a commercial Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plant consists of supplying about 500,000 fusion targets each day. The most challenging type of target in this regard is for laser-driven, direct drive IFE. Spherical capsules with cryogenic DT fuel must be injected into the center of a reaction chamber operating at temperatures as high as 1500 degreesC and possibly containing as much as 0.5 Torr of xenon fill gas. The DT layer must remain highly symmetric, have a smooth inner ice surface finish, and reach the chamber center at a temperature of about 18.5 K. This target must be positioned at the center of the chamber with a placement accuracy of +/- 5 mm. The accuracy of alignment of the laser driver beams and the target in its final position must be within +/- 20 mum. All this must be repeated six times per second. The method proposed to meet these requirements is injecting the targets into the reaction chamber at high speed ( similar to 400 m/s), tracking them, and hitting them on the fly with steerable driver beams. The challenging scientific and technological issues associated with this task are being addressed through a combination of analyses, modeling, materials property measurements, and demonstration tests with representative injection equipment. Measurements of relevant DT properties are planned at Los Alamos National Laboratory. An experimental target injection and tracking system is now being designed to support the development of survivable targets and demonstrate successful injection scenarios. Analyses of target heating are underway. Calculations have shown that the direct drive target must have a highly reflective outer surface to prevent excess heating by thermal radiation. In addition, heating by hot chamber fill gas during injection far outweighs the thermal radiation. It is concluded that the dry-wall, gas-filled reaction chambers must have gas pressures less than previously assumed in order to prevent excessive heating in the current direct drive target designs. An integrated power plant systems study to address this issue has been initiated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goodin, DT (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00593-2 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 515LM UT WOS:000173497400004 ER PT J AU Meier, WR AF Meier, WR TI An integrated research plan for the IFE element of the Virtual Laboratory for Technology SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Physics and Technology of Inertial Fusion Energy Targets and Chambers CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP IAEA Tech Comm DE inertial fusion energy; fusion chambers; fusion technology AB In 1999, the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (OFES) added an inertial fusion energy (IFE) element to its Virtual Laboratory for Technology (VLT). The scope of the IFE element of the VLT includes the fusion chamber, chamber/driver interface, target fabrication and injection, and safety and environmental assessments for IFE. Previous IFE power plant conceptual design studies identified many different driver/chamber/target options and the critical technical issues associated with them. The IFE community (national laboratories, universities and industry) has developed an R&D plan to address the critical issues in these areas in a coordinated manner. This paper provides an overview of the top-level critical issues and the current and proposed research activities to resolve them. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-632, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00594-4 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 515LM UT WOS:000173497400005 ER PT J AU Sanz, J Cabellos, O Yuste, P Reyes, S Latkowski, JF AF Sanz, J Cabellos, O Yuste, P Reyes, S Latkowski, JF TI Pulsed activation of structural materials in IFE chambers SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Physics and Technology of Inertial Fusion Energy Targets and Chambers CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP IAEA Tech Comm DE pulsed activation; continuous-pulsed model; IFE; HYLIFE II ID INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY; INTERMITTENT ACTIVATION; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; IRRADIATION; EXTRACTION; CODE AB First structural wall (FSW) materials in inertial fusion energy (IFE) power reactors will be irradiated under typical repetition rates of 1 - 10 Hz and operation times as long as the total reactor lifetime. The main objective of the present work is to determine whether or not a continuous-pulsed (CP) approach could be an accurate and practical methodology in modeling the pulsed activation process for operating conditions of FSW materials. To do that, we assess the applicability of the CP model to predict the neutron-induced activation in the FSW material of the HYLIFE-II reactor. It is demonstrated that a CP approach consisting of a continuous irradiation period followed by a series of only a few pulses prior to shutdown can efficiently model the real pulsed operating regime of the FSW material, in terms of both accuracy and CPU time consumption. Pros and cons of the model when compared with an equivalent steady-state (ESS) method are discussed, which is useful to assess how conclusions of earlier activation studies that used the ESS approach might be different when using a more realistic model. Comparison with the exact pulsed (EP) modeling is also performed. Finally, application of the CP model to other inertial confinement fusion operating modes, such as that of the NIF facility, is suggested for future work. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Dept Ingn Energet, Madrid 28040, Spain. Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Inst Fus Nucl ETS Ingn Ind, Madrid 28040, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sanz, J (reprint author), Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Dept Ingn Energet, C Ciudad Univ S-N, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM jsanz@ind.uned.es NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00595-6 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 515LM UT WOS:000173497400006 ER PT J AU Perlado, JM Dominguez, E Malerba, L Marian, J Lodi, D Salvador, M Alonso, E Caturla, MJ de la Rubia, TD AF Perlado, JM Dominguez, E Malerba, L Marian, J Lodi, D Salvador, M Alonso, E Caturla, MJ de la Rubia, TD TI Results from systematic modeling of neutron damage in inertial fusion energy reactors SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Physics and Technology of Inertial Fusion Energy Targets and Chambers CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP IAEA Tech Comm DE Inertial Fusion Energy Reactors; radiation damage; neutron spectra; multiscale modeling; pulsed irradiation; defects diffusion; microstructure ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; TECHNOLOGY; CASCADES AB Radiation damage is an important issue in the lifetime of the structural materials in an Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) Reactor. The effect will strongly depend on the class of chamber protection at the IFE Reactor design. This paper gives results from DENIM, and collaboration with LLNL, on the necessary magnitudes for the final evaluation of neutron damage. The determination of the neutron intensities and energy spectra emerging from the target, the energy spectra of the Primary Knock-on Atoms (PKA) resulting from the neutron interactions, the modeling at microscopic scale of the pulsed irradiation in metals are reported, in addition to reference to the work on the time dependence of neutron flux in IFE protected chamber. Results are also presented on the damage accumulation in SiC, relevant both for magnetic (MFE) and inertial fusion. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, DENIM, ETSII, Madrid 28006, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Perlado, JM (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, DENIM, ETSII, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain. RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00596-8 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 515LM UT WOS:000173497400007 ER PT J AU Tobin, M Eder, D Braun, D MacGowan, B AF Tobin, M Eder, D Braun, D MacGowan, B TI Progress on establishing guidelines for National Ignition Facility (NIF) experiments to extend debris shield lifetime SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Physics and Technology of Inertial Fusion Energy Targets and Chambers CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP IAEA Tech Comm DE debris shield; non-volatile residue; laser AB The survivability of the debris shields on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are a key factor for the affordable operation of the facility. The improvements required over Nova debris shields are described. Estimates of debris shield lifetimes in the presence of target emissions with 4-8 J/cm(2) laser fluences indicate lifetimes that may contribute unacceptably to operations costs for NIF. We are developing detailed suggested guidance for target and experiment designers for NIF to assist in minimizing the damage to, and therefore the cost of, maintaining NIF debris shields. The guidance suggests a target mass quantity that as particulate on the debris shields (300 mg) may be within current operating budgets. It also suggests the amount of material that should become shrapnel on a shot (10 mg). Finally, it suggests the level of non-volatile residue (NVR) that would threaten the sol-gel coatings on the debris shields (1 mug/cm(2)). We review the experimentation on the Nova chamber that included measuring quantities of particulate on debris shields by element and capturing shrapnel pieces in aerogel samples mounted in the chamber. We also describe computations of X-ray emissions from a likely NIF target and the associated ablation expected from this X-ray exposure on supporting target hardware. We describe progress in assessing the benefits of a pre-shield and the possible impact on the guidance for target experiments on NIF. Plans for possible experimentation on Omega and other facilities to improve our understanding of target emissions and their impacts are discussed. Our discussion of planned future work provides a forum to invite possible collaboration with the IFE community. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tobin, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,Mail Stop L-472, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(01)00599-3 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 515LM UT WOS:000173497400010 ER PT J AU Taccetti, JM Intrator, TP Wysocki, FJ Forman, KC Gale, DG Coffey, SK Degnan, JH AF Taccetti, JM Intrator, TP Wysocki, FJ Forman, KC Gale, DG Coffey, SK Degnan, JH TI Magnetic field measurements inside a converging flux conserver for magnetized target fusion applications SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE solid liner; magnetized target fusion; fusion ID ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPLOSION; LINER AB Two experiments showing continuous, real-time measurements of the radial convergence of a high-aspect-ratio aluminum flux conserver are presented. These results were obtained by measuring the compression of both axial and radial components of an internal low-intensity magnetic field. Repeatable flux conserver compressions of this type, uniform to 10:1 compression ratio, form a step toward achieving magnetized target fusion, where a plasma of appropriate temperature and density would be introduced into the flux conserver for compression to fusion conditions. While X radiographs show this compression ratio was achieved, the magnetic field probe signals were cut off earlier. Axial component measurements resulted in compression ratios of 7:1 and 6.3:1, for the first and second compressions, before the magnetic probe signals were lost. Radial component measurements disagree with the axial probe results. Although the discrepancy between axial and radial probe measurements is not completely understood, possible explanations are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Taccetti, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 503HZ UT WOS:000172794200002 ER PT J AU Bromley, BP AF Bromley, BP TI Pressure sensitivity studies of an electrostatic fusion neutron device using a particle-in-cell model SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inertial electrostatic confinement; particle-in-cell; neutron generator AB The background deuterium neutral gas pressure is a major operational parameter affecting the physics of the ionized gas discharge in the inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) axial-cylindrical fusion neutron generator device (C-Device). There is uncertainty in its actual value in previous experiments. The cylindrical hollow IEC modeling program (CHIMP) computer code is a particle-in-cell, Monte Carlo-collision (PIC-MCC) model that includes ionization and secondary electron emission processes and is used to give preliminary results for the ionized gas physics behavior and neutron generation in the C-Device for a range of pressure calibration factors. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bromley, BP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Bldg 475C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 503HZ UT WOS:000172794200003 ER PT S AU Aldering, G Akerlof, C Amanullah, R Astier, P Barrelet, E Bebek, C Bergstrom, L Bercovitz, J Bernstein, G Bester, M Bonissent, A Bower, C Carithers, W Commins, E Day, C Deustua, S DiGennaro, R Ealet, A Ellis, R Eriksson, M Fruchter, A Genat, JF Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Harris, S Harvey, P Heetderks, H Holland, S Huterer, D Karcher, A Kim, A Kolbe, W Krieger, B Lafever, R Lamoureux, J Lampton, M Levi, M Levin, D Linder, E Loken, S Malina, R Massey, R McKay, T McKee, S Miquel, R Mortsell, E Mostek, N Mufson, S Musser, J Nugent, P Oluseyi, H Pain, R Palaio, N Pankow, D Perlmutter, S Pratt, R Prieto, E Refregier, A Rhodes, J Robinson, K Roe, N Sholl, M Schubnell, M Smadja, G Smoot, G Spadafora, A Tarle, G Tomasch, A von der Lippe, H Vincent, D Walder, J Wang, G AF Aldering, G Akerlof, C Amanullah, R Astier, P Barrelet, E Bebek, C Bergstrom, L Bercovitz, J Bernstein, G Bester, M Bonissent, A Bower, C Carithers, W Commins, E Day, C Deustua, S DiGennaro, R Ealet, A Ellis, R Eriksson, M Fruchter, A Genat, JF Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Harris, S Harvey, P Heetderks, H Holland, S Huterer, D Karcher, A Kim, A Kolbe, W Krieger, B Lafever, R Lamoureux, J Lampton, M Levi, M Levin, D Linder, E Loken, S Malina, R Massey, R McKay, T McKee, S Miquel, R Mortsell, E Mostek, N Mufson, S Musser, J Nugent, P Oluseyi, H Pain, R Palaio, N Pankow, D Perlmutter, S Pratt, R Prieto, E Refregier, A Rhodes, J Robinson, K Roe, N Sholl, M Schubnell, M Smadja, G Smoot, G Spadafora, A Tarle, G Tomasch, A von der Lippe, H Vincent, D Walder, J Wang, G BE Dressler, AM TI Overview of the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) SO FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION AND VISIONS FOR ASTRONOMY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future Research Direction and Visions for Astronomy CY AUG 25-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE early universe; instrumentation : detectors; space vehicles : instruments; supernovae : general; telescopes ID IA SUPERNOVAE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; UNIVERSE; STATE; EQUATION; ENERGY; LAMBDA AB The SuperNova / Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a space-based experiment to measure the expansion history of the Universe and study both its dark energy and the dark matter. The experiment is motivated by the startling discovery that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. A 0.7 square-degree imager comprised of 36 large format fully-depleted n-type CCD's sharing a focal plane with 36 HgCdTe detectors forms the heart of SNAP,- allowing discovery and lightcurve measurements simultaneously for many supernovae. The imager and a high-efficiency low-resolution integral field spectrograph are coupled to a 2-m three mirror anastigmat wide-field telescope, which will be placed in a high-earth orbit. The SNAP mission can obtain high-signal-to-noise calibrated fight-curves and spectra for over 2000 Type la supernovae at redshifts between z = 0.1 and 1.7. The resulting data set can not only determine the amount of dark energy with high precision, but test the nature of the dark energy by examining its equation of state. In particular, dark energy due to a cosmological constant can be differentiated from alternatives such as "quintessence", by measuring the dark energy's equation of state to an accuracy of +/-0.05, and by studying its time dependence. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aldering, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013; OI malina, roger/0000-0003-3399-3865; Miquel, Ramon/0000-0002-6610-4836; Massey, Richard/0000-0002-6085-3780 NR 32 TC 45 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4614-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4835 BP 146 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.456562 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BV95G UT WOS:000180513700016 ER PT J AU Floran, B AF Floran, B TI Keeping up with communications SO FUTURIST LA English DT Letter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Floran, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD FUTURE SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 7910 WOODMONT AVE, SUITE 450, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-3317 J9 FUTURIST JI Futurist PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA 501LF UT WOS:000172685600004 ER PT B AU Wurtz, R Wishnow, E Blais-Ouellette, S Cook, K Carr, D Grandmont, F Lewis, I Stubbs, C AF Wurtz, R Wishnow, E Blais-Ouellette, S Cook, K Carr, D Grandmont, F Lewis, I Stubbs, C BE Rosado, M Binnette, L Arias, L TI LIFTS: an Imaging Fourier transform spectrograph for astronomy SO GALAXIES: THE THIRD DIMENSION SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Galaxies - Third Dimension CY DEC 03-07, 2001 CL COZUMEL, MEXICO SP Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astronomia, Consejo Tecn Invest Cientif, Direc Gen Asumtos Personal Acad, Direc Gen Estud Posgrado, Consejo Nacl Cienc Teconol AB We present the first astronomical observations of the Livermore Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrograph for visible-band astronomy using the 3.5m telescope of the Apache Point Observatory. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wurtz, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-125-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 282 BP 445 EP 446 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW47Y UT WOS:000182119400072 ER PT S AU Liliental-Weber, Z Jasinski, J Cherns, D Baines, M Davis, R AF Liliental-Weber, Z Jasinski, J Cherns, D Baines, M Davis, R BE Northrup, JE Neugebauer, J Look, DC Chichibu, SF Riechert, H TI Superior structural quality of newly developed GaN pendeo-epitaxial layers. SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS-2001 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys-2001 held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; FILMS; GROWTH AB Transmission electron microscopy of plan-view and cross-section samples of pendeo-epitaxial layers is described. Samples grown with and without silicon nitride masks are compared. A large misorientation of the GaN grown above the mask was observed, with 2-3degrees tilt between wing and seed areas, caused by additional nucleation oil the mask layer. Some misorientation was also observed between wing/wing areas of the sample. Samples grown without silicon nitride masks show much smaller misorientations and contain different types of defects. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, M-S 62-203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-629-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 693 BP 309 EP 314 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BV02P UT WOS:000177647000049 ER PT J AU Sharp, JA Franco, AA Osley, MA Kaufman, PD AF Sharp, JA Franco, AA Osley, MA Kaufman, PD TI Chromatin assembly factor I and Hir proteins contribute to building functional kinetochores in S-cerevisiae SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE centromere; kinetochore; historic; yeast; checkpoint; chromatin ID DISRUPT CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; MITOTIC CHECKPOINT GENES; SILENT MATING LOCI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BUDDING YEAST; DNA-REPLICATION; FISSION YEAST; CENTROMERE IDENTITY; SIR4 PROTEINS; HISTONE GENES AB Budding yeast centromeres are comprised of similar to125-bp DNA sequences that direct formation of the kinetochore, a specialized chromatin structure that mediates spindle attachment to chromosomes. We report here a novel role for the historic deposition complex chromatin assembly factor I (CAF-I) in building centromeric chromatin. The contribution of CAF-I to kinetochore function overlaps that of the Hit proteins, which have also been implicated in nucleosome formation and heterochromatic gene silencing. cacDelta hirDelta double mutant cells lacking both CAF-I and Hir proteins are delayed in anaphase entry in a spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent manner. Further, cacDelta and hirDelta deletions together cause increased rates of chromosome missegregation, genetic synergies with mutations in kinetochore protein genes, and alterations in centromeric chromatin structure. Finally, CAF-I subunits and Hir1 are enriched at centromeres, indicating that these proteins make a direct contribution to centromeric chromatin structures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pdkaufman@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 R01 GM55712, GM40118, R01 GM040118, R01 GM055712] NR 98 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 4 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 0890-9369 EI 1549-5477 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 85 EP 100 DI 10.1101/gad.925302 PG 16 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 510BD UT WOS:000173188100009 PM 11782447 ER PT J AU Gasch, AP Eisen, MB AF Gasch, Audrey P. Eisen, Michael B. TI Exploring the conditional coregulation of yeast gene expression through fuzzy k-means clustering SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Organisms simplify the orchestration of gene expression by coregulating genes whose products function together in the cell. Many proteins serve different roles depending on the demands of the organism, and therefore the corresponding genes are often coexpressed with different groups of genes under different situations. This poses a challenge in analyzing whole-genome expression data, because many genes will be similarly expressed to multiple, distinct groups of genes. Because most commonly used analytical methods cannot appropriately represent these relationships, the connections between conditionally coregulated genes are often missed. Results: We used a heuristically modified version of fuzzy k-means clustering to identify overlapping clusters of yeast genes based on published gene-expression data following the response of yeast cells to environmental changes. We have validated the method by identifying groups of functionally related and coregulated genes, and in the process we have uncovered new correlations between yeast genes and between the experimental conditions based on similarities in gene-expression patterns. To investigate the regulation of gene expression, we correlated the clusters with known transcription factor binding sites present in the genes' promoters. These results give insights into the mechanism of the regulation of gene expression in yeast cells responding to environmental changes. Conclusions: Fuzzy k-means clustering is a useful analytical tool for extracting biological insights from gene-expression data. Our analysis presented here suggests that a prevalent theme in the regulation of yeast gene expression is the condition-specific coregulation of overlapping sets of genes. C1 [Gasch, Audrey P.; Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eisen, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbeisen@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy [ED-AC03-76SF00098]; NSF FX We thank A. Moses and E. Kelley for helpful suggestions and programming assistance, A. Alizadeh, J. Bolderick, N. Ogawa, C. Patil, C. Rees, P. Spellman, and M. Kamvysselis for helpful discussions, and A. Moses, D. Chiang, and J. Fay for critical reading of the manuscript. A.P.G. is supported by an NSF postdoctoral fellowship in biological informatics, and M.B.E. is a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences. This work was conducted under the US Department of Energy contract No. ED-AC03-76SF00098. NR 69 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 11 AR 0059.1 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA V12EJ UT WOS:000207582200011 ER PT J AU Xie, G Bonner, CA Jensen, RA AF Xie, Gary Bonner, Carol A. Jensen, Roy A. TI Dynamic diversity of the tryptophan pathway in chlamydiae: reductive evolution and a novel operon for tryptophan recapture SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; INTERFERON-MEDIATED INHIBITION; MOUSE GENITAL-TRACT; GAMMA-INTERFERON; INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRACHOMATIS MOPN; IMMUNE CONTROL; CELL-CULTURE; GROWTH AB Background: Complete genomic sequences of closely related organisms, such as the chlamydiae, afford the opportunity to assess significant strain differences against a background of many shared characteristics. The chlamydiae are ubiquitous intracellular parasites that are important pathogens of humans and other organisms. Tryptophan limitation caused by production of interferon-gamma by the host and subsequent induction of indoleamine dioxygenase is a key aspect of the host-parasite interaction. It appears that the chlamydiae have learned to recognize tryptophan depletion as a signal for developmental remodeling. The consequent non-cultivable state of persistence can be increasingly equated to chronic disease conditions. Results: The genes encoding enzymes of tryptophan biosynthesis were the focal point of this study. Chlamydophila psittaci was found to possess a compact operon containing PRPP synthase, kynureninase, and genes encoding all but the first step of tryptophan biosynthesis. All but one of the genes exhibited translational coupling. Other chlamydiae (Chlamydia trachomatis, C. muridarum and Chlamydophila pneumoniae) lack genes encoding PRPP synthase, kynureninase, and either lack tryptophan-pathway genes altogether or exhibit various stages of reductive loss. The origin of the genes comprising the trp operon does not seem to have been from lateral gene transfer. Conclusions: The factors that accommodate the transition of different chlamydial species to the persistent (chronic) state of pathogenesis include marked differences in strategies deployed to obtain tryptophan from host resources. C. psittaci appears to have a novel mechanism for intercepting an early intermediate of tryptophan catabolism and recycling it back to tryptophan. In effect, a host-parasite metabolic mosaic has evolved for tryptophan recycling. C1 [Xie, Gary; Jensen, Roy A.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Xie, Gary; Bonner, Carol A.; Jensen, Roy A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Jensen, Roy A.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Jensen, RA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM rjensen@ufl.edu NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 9 AR 0051.1 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA V12EB UT WOS:000207581400016 ER PT J AU Xie, G Forst, C Bonner, C Jensen, RA AF Xie, Gary Forst, Christian Bonner, Carol Jensen, Roy A. TI Significance of two distinct types of tryptophan synthase beta chain in Bacteria, Archaea and higher plants SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Tryptophan synthase consists of two subunits, alpha and beta. Two distinct subgroups of beta chain exist. The major group (TrpEb_1) includes the well-studied beta chain of Salmonella typhimurium. The minor group of beta chain (TrpEb_2) is most frequently found in the Archaea. Most of the amino-acid residues important for catalysis are highly conserved between both TrpE subfamilies. Results: Conserved amino-acid residues of TrpEb_1 that make allosteric contact with the TrpEa subunit (the alpha chain) are absent in TrpEb_2. Representatives of Archaea, Bacteria and higher plants all exist that possess both TrpEb_1 and TrpEb_2. In those prokaryotes where two trpEb genes coexist, one is usually trpEb_1 and is adjacent to trpEa, whereas the second is trpEb_2 and is usually unlinked with other tryptophan-pathway genes. Conclusions: TrpEb_1 is nearly always partnered with TrpEa in the tryptophan synthase reaction. However, by default at least six lineages of the Archaea are likely to use TrpEb_2 as the functional beta chain, as TrpEb_1 is absent. The six lineages show a distinctive divergence within the overall TrpEa phylogenetic tree, consistent with the lack of selection for amino-acid residues in TrpEa that are otherwise conserved for interfacing with TrpEb_1. We suggest that the stand-alone function of TrpEb_2 might be to catalyze the serine deaminase reaction, an established catalytic capability of tryptophan synthase beta chains. A coincident finding of interest is that the Archaea seem to use the citramalate pathway, rather than threonine deaminase (IIvA), to initiate the pathway of isoleucine biosynthesis. C1 [Xie, Gary; Forst, Christian; Jensen, Roy A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Xie, Gary; Bonner, Carol] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jensen, Roy A.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Jensen, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, BioSci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rjensen@ufl.edu FU National Institutes of Health at Los Alamos National Laboratories FX The graduate research studies of G.X. were partially supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health at Los Alamos National Laboratories. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 1 AR 0004.1 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA V12DT UT WOS:000207580600008 ER PT J AU Fallon, SJ White, JC McCulloch, MT AF Fallon, SJ White, JC McCulloch, MT TI Porites corals as recorders of mining and environmental impacts: Misima Island, Papua New Guinea SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ABLATION ICP-MS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS; WESTERN PACIFIC; SURFACE-OCEAN; EXCIMER-LASER AB In 1989 open-cut gold mining commenced on Misima Island in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Open-cut mining by its nature causes a significant increase in sedimentation via the exposure of soils to the erosive forces of rain and runoff. This increased sedimentation affected the nearby fringing coral reef to varying degrees, ranging from coral mortality (smothering) to relatively minor short-term impacts. The sediment associated with the mining operation consists of weathered quartz feldspar, greenstone, and schist. These rocks have distinct chemical characteristics (rare earth element patterns and high abundances of manganese, zinc, and lead) and are entering the near-shore environment in considerably higher than normal concentrations. Using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), we analyzed eight colonies (two from high sedimentation, two transitional, two minor, and two unaffected control sites) for Y, La, Ce, Mn, Zn, and Pb. All sites show low steady background levels prior to the commencement of mining in 1988. Subsequently, all sites apart from the control show dramatic increases of Y, La, and Cc associated with the increased sedimentation as well as rapid decreases following the cessation of mining. The elements Zn and Pb exhibit a different behavior, increasing in concentration after 1989 when ore processing began and one year after initial mining operations. Elevated levels of Zn and Pb in corals has continued well after the cessation of mining, indicating ongoing transport into the reef of these metals via sulfate-rich waters. Rare earth element (REE) abundance patterns measured in two corals show significant differences compared to Coral Sea seawater, The corals display enrichments in the light and middle REEs while the heavy REEs are depleted relative to the seawater pattern. This suggests that the nearshore seawater REE pattern is dominated by island sedimentation. Trace element abundances of Misima Island corals clearly record the dramatic changes in the environmental conditions at this site and provide a basis for identifying anthropogenic influences on corals reefs. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 200, Australia. Misima Mines Ltd, Environm Sect, Misima Isl, Papua N Guinea. RP Fallon, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, L-397, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; McCulloch, Malcolm/C-3651-2009 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; NR 69 TC 117 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 45 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00715-3 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 514KV UT WOS:000173439100004 ER PT J AU Zachara, JM Smith, SC Liu, CX McKinley, JP Serne, RJ Gassman, PL AF Zachara, JM Smith, SC Liu, CX McKinley, JP Serne, RJ Gassman, PL TI Sorption of Cs+ to micaceous subsurface sediments from the Hanford site, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOLID/LIQUID DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; CLAY-MINERALS; CESIUM SORPTION; RADIOCESIUM; ILLITE; SOILS; PREDICTION; EXCHANGE; REVERSIBILITY; MOBILIZATION AB The sorption of Cs+ was investigated over a large concentration range (10(-9)-10(-2) mol/L) on subsurface sediments from a United States nuclear materials site (Hanford) where high-level nuclear wastes (HLW) have been accidentally released to the vadose zone. The sediment sorbs large amounts of radiocesium, but expedited migration has been observed when HLW (a NaNO3 brine) is the carrier. Cs+ sorption was measured on homoionic sediments (Na+, K+, Ca2+) with electrolyte concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 mol/L. In Na+ electrolyte, concentrations were extended to near saturation with NaNO3(s) (7.0 mol/L. The sediment contained nonexpansible (biotite, muscovite) and expansible (vermiculite, smectite) phyllosilicates. The sorption data were interpreted according to the frayed edge-planar site conceptual model. A four-parameter, two-site (high- and low-affinity) numeric ion exchange model was effective in describing the sorption data. The high-affinity sites were ascribed to wedge zones on the micas where particle edges have partially expanded due to the removal of interlayer cations during weathering, and the low-affinity ones to planar sites on the expansible clays. The electrolyte cations competed with Cs+ for both high- and low-affinity sites according to the trend K+ >> Na+ greater than or equal to Ca2+. At high salt concentration, Cs+ adsorption occurred only on high-affinity sites. Na+ was an effective competitor for the high-affinity sites at high salt concentrations. In select experiments, silver-thiourea (AgTU) was used as a blocking agent to further isolate and characterize the high-affinity sites, but the method was found to be problematic. Mica particles were handpicked from the sediment, contacted with Cs-(aq)(+), and analyzed by electron microprobe to identify phases and features important to Cs+ sorption. The microprobe study implied that biotite was the primary contributor of high-affinity sites because of its weathered periphery. The poly-phase sediment exhibited close similarity in ion selectivity to illite, which has been well studied, although its proportion of high-affinity sites relative to the cation exchange capacity (CEC) was lower than that of illite. Important insights are provided on how Na+ in HLW and indigenous K+ displaced from the sediments may act to expedite the migration of strongly sorbing Cs+ in subsurface environments. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zachara, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K8-96,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 NR 43 TC 180 Z9 180 U1 6 U2 69 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 193 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00759-1 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 512TT UT WOS:000173340200002 ER PT J AU Brady, RJ Wernicke, B Fryxell, J AF Brady, RJ Wernicke, B Fryxell, J TI Kinematic evolution of a large-offset continental normal fault system, South Virgin Mountains, Nevada - Reply SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Letter DE Egan Range; kinematics; Lemitar Mountains; normal faults; South Virgin Mountains; Yerington C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Geol Sci, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. RP Brady, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 114 IS 1 BP 126 EP 128 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0126:R>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 515LH UT WOS:000173497000011 ER PT J AU Rousse, S Gilder, S Farber, D McNulty, B Torres, VR AF Rousse, S Gilder, S Farber, D McNulty, B Torres, VR TI Paleomagnetic evidence for rapid vertical-axis rotation in the Peruvian Cordillera ca. 8 Ma SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Andes; Neogene; orogenesis; palcomagnetism; Peru; rotation ID AMAZONIAN FORELAND BASIN; CENTRAL ANDES; SOUTH-AMERICA; TECTONIC ROTATIONS; BOLIVIAN OROCLINE; LATE MIOCENE; WESTERN CORDILLERA; NAZCA PLATE; UPLIFT; ALTIPLANO AB Paleomagnetic results from 31 Neogene sites in the Peruvian Andes yield primary magnetizations, as demonstrated by positive fold and reversal tests. Strata dated as 18-9 Ma record a significant counterclockwise rotation (-11degrees +/- 5degrees), whereas unconformably overlying younger strata (7-6 Ma) are not rotated. The age of rotation thus is between 9 and 7 Ma, a period that coincides with the widespread Quechua 2 deformation phase. Moreover, eight independent studies on 107-9 Ma rocks from Peru between 9degreesS and 15degreesS reveal similar and significant rotations (-15degrees +/- 6degrees). This suggests that the region rotated during a 2 m.y. period of deformation ca. 8 Ma, when the Andes underwent rapid uplift and important deformation commenced in the Subandean zone. C1 Inst Phys Globe, Lab Paleomagnetisme, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Earth Sci, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Inst Geol Minero & Met, Lima 41, Peru. RP Rousse, S (reprint author), Inst Phys Globe, Lab Paleomagnetisme, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011; Gilder, Stuart/B-1871-2016 OI Gilder, Stuart/0000-0001-8724-7812 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0075:PEFRVA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 515KR UT WOS:000173495200019 ER PT J AU Ernstson, K Rampino, MR Hiltl, M AF Ernstson, K Rampino, MR Hiltl, M TI Cratered cobbles in Triassic Buntsandstein conglomerates in northeastern Spain: An indicator of shock deformation in the vicinity of large impacts: Reply SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS; INSIGHTS C1 Univ Wurzburg, Fak Geowissensch, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. NYU, Earth & Environm Sci Program, New York, NY 10003 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, H Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ernstson, K (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Fak Geowissensch, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 92 EP 92 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0092:>2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA 515KR UT WOS:000173495200024 ER PT S AU Malladi, R Sethian, JA AF Malladi, R Sethian, JA BE Malladi, R TI Fast methods for shape extraction in medical and biomedical imaging SO GEOMETRIC METHODS IN BIO-MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING SE Mathematics and Visualization LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geometric Methods in Bio-Medical Image Processing CY JUN, 1999 CL UNIV BOLOGNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY HO UNIV BOLOGNA ID SET CURVATURE FLOW; LEVEL; ALGORITHMS; FRONTS AB We present a fast shape recovery technique in 2D and 3D with specific applications in modeling shapes from medical and biomedical imagery. This approach and the algorithms described is similar in spirit to our previous work in [16,18],. is topologically adaptable, and runs in O(N log N) time where N is the total number of points visited in the domain. Our technique is based on the level set shape recovery scheme introduced in [16,3] and the fast marching method in [27] for computing solutions to static Hamilton-Jacobi equations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 50A-1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM malladi@euphrates.lbl.gov; sethian@math.berkeley.edu NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-3786 BN 3-540-43216-7 J9 MATH VIS PY 2002 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Mathematics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU85R UT WOS:000177208400001 ER PT S AU de Solorzano, CO Malladi, R Lockett, SJ AF de Solorzano, CO Malladi, R Lockett, SJ BE Malladi, R TI A geometric model for image analysis in cytology SO GEOMETRIC METHODS IN BIO-MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING SE MATHEMATICS AND VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geometric Methods in Bio-Medical Image Processing CY JUN, 1999 CL UNIV BOLOGNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY HO UNIV BOLOGNA ID THICK TISSUE-SECTIONS; SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY; CELL-NUCLEI; CYTOMETRY; SEGMENTATION; TRANSFORM; INTEGRINS; CURVATURE; BLOCKS AB In this chapter, we propose a unified image analysis scheme for 3D computer assisted-cytology. The goal is to accurately extract and classify the shapes of nuclei and cells from confocal microscopy images. We make use of a geometry-driven scheme for preprocessing and analyzing confocal microscopy images. Namely, we build a chain of methods that includes an edge-preserving image smoothing mechanism, an automatic segmentation method, a geometry-driven scheme to regularize the shapes and improve edge fidelity, and an interactive method to split shape clusters and reclassify them. Finally we apply our scheme to segmenting nuclei using nuclear membrane and whole cells using cell-surface related proteins. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Solorzano, CO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010 OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-3786 BN 3-540-43216-7 J9 MATH VISUAL PY 2002 BP 19 EP 42 PG 24 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Mathematics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BU85R UT WOS:000177208400002 ER PT B AU Holm, DD AF Holm, DD BE Newton, P Holmes, P Weinstein, A TI Euler-Poincare dynamics of perfect complex fluids SO GEOMETRY, MECHANICS AND DYNAMICS: VOLUME IN HONOR OF THE 60TH BIRTHDAY OF J. E. MARSDEN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geometry, Dynamics and Mechanics in Honour of the 60th Birthday of Jerrold E Marsden CY AUG 07-10, 2002 CL FIELD INST RES MATH SCI, TORONTO, CANADA HO FIELD INST RES MATH SCI ID NONLINEAR SIGMA-MODEL; SUPERFLUID HE-3-A; HAMILTONIAN APPROACH; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; EQUATIONS; HYDRODYNAMICS; TOPOLOGY; PLASMAS; DEFECTS AB Lagrangian reduction by stages is used to derive the Euler-Poincare equations for the nondissipative coupled motion and micromotion of complex fluids. We mainly treat perfect complex fluids (PCFs) whose order parameters are continous material variables. These order parameters may be regarded geometrically either as objects in a vector space, or as coset spaces of Lie symmetry groups with respect to subgroups that leave these objects invariant, Examples include liquid crystals superfluids, Yang-Mills magnetofluids and spin-glasses. A Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulation of the dynamics for perfect complex fluids is obtained by Legendre transforming the Euler-Poincare formulation. These dynamics are also derived by using the Clebsch approach. In the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formulations of perfect complex fluid dynamics Lie algebras containing two-cocycles arise as a characteristic feature. After discussing these geometrical formulations of the dynamics of perfect complex fluids, we give an example of how to introduce defects into the order parameter as imperfections (e.g., vortices) that carry their own momentum. The defects inky move relative to the Lagrangian fluid material and thereby produce additional reactive forces and stresses. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-7,MS 284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dholm@lanl.gov NR 77 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95518-6 PY 2002 BP 113 EP 167 DI 10.1007/0-387-21791-6_4 PG 55 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BV05D UT WOS:000177687800004 ER PT J AU Everett, ME Weiss, CJ AF Everett, ME Weiss, CJ TI Geological noise in near-surface electromagnetic induction data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB [1] Controlled-source electromagnetic induction is a geophysical technique used to identify anthropogenic and natural features, such as unexploded ordnance or fluid pathways, in the shallow subsurface. However, electromagnetic responses are difficult to interpret owing to the complexity of the underlying electrical conductivity structure. We show here that electromagnetic responses are fractal signals, reflecting a very rough distribution of electrical conductivity. Apparent conductivity profiles across a floodplain and a fractured sandstone aquifer both show that the fractal properties of the surface response depend on the complexity of the causative geological structure. Small-scale fluctuations in the response due to geological noise are inherently reproducible, and are not caused by random instrumental or atmospheric effects as often assumed. New approaches to modeling are required to take full advantage of the rich information content of near-surface electromagnetic data. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geophys Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Everett, ME (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 AR 1010 DI 10.1029/2001GL014049 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609CC UT WOS:000178884200004 ER PT J AU Parra, JO Hackert, CL Gorody, AW Korneev, V AF Parra, JO Hackert, CL Gorody, AW Korneev, V TI Detection of guided waves between gas wells for reservoir characterization SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC-WAVES; MEDIA; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSMISSION; DISPERSION AB Guided seismic waves can be used to predict continuity and discontinuity of reservoir structures between wells. with the low-velocity beds acting as waveguides. We relate guided-wave signatures to waveguide targets using experimental data acquired at the Stratton gas field in southeast Texas. The observed seismic data indicate the presence of trapped energy in low velocity shale markers between wells 145 and 151. Guided waves in the form of leaky modes are excited, transmitted, and detected in the low-velocity shale markers at a well separation of 1730 ft (527 in). Dispersion analysis, modeling, frequency-amplitude depth curves, well logs, and lithological information all support the results. Specifically, the characterization of two low-velocity shale markers, V2 and V5, demonstrates that V2 is more heterogeneous than V5 between the source well 151 and detector well 145. Finally, images of synthetic and real data show the potential applications of the guided-wave technology as a tool for reservoir characterization. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Universal Geosci Consulting Inc, Houston, TX 77024 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Parra, JO (reprint author), SW Res Inst, PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1190/1.1451322 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 520HM UT WOS:000173775600003 ER PT J AU Lee, TJ Suh, JH Kim, HJ Song, Y Lee, KH AF Lee, TJ Suh, JH Kim, HJ Song, Y Lee, KH TI Electromagnetic traveltime tomography using an approximate wavefield transform SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We present an imaging scheme for mapping cross-hole electrical conductivity using nonlinear traveltime tomography. Data used are peak arrival time estimates based on an approximate wavefield transform of the synthetic frequency-domain electromagnetic (EM) field. Direct transformation of frequency-domain EM fields to wavefields is known to be an ill-posed problem because the kernel of integral transform is highly damped. In this study, instead of solving such an unstable problem, we approximate the wavefield in the transformed domain via a ray series expansion. If reflected and refracted energy is weak compared to that of direct wave, picking of the peak arrival time may be reduced to estimating the coefficients of the leading term in the ray series expansion. This simplification is valid when the conductivity contrast between background medium and the target anomalous body is small. The first three terms in the expansion are identical to the closed-form solution for the vertical magnetic field caused by a vertical magnetic dipole source in a homogeneous whole-space. An adaptive simulated annealing scheme is used to estimate the coefficients of ray series. For a whole-space, exact traveltime can be extracted using only four frequency samples in our approach, whereas the direct numerical wavefield transform needed at least ten frequencies to construct a reasonable waveform. Nonlinear traveltime tomography using thusly-extracted peak arrivals from synthetic data shows a reasonable image of the conductivity structure between boreholes. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Inst Georesources & Environm, Explorat Geophys Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Civil Urban & Geosyst Engn, Kwanal Gu, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Pukyung Natl Univ, Dept Explorat Engn, Nam Gu, Pusan 608737, South Korea. Korea Inst Geosci & Min Resources, Geophys Explorat & Min Res Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Inst Georesources & Environm, Explorat Geophys Grp, Cent 7,1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1190/1.1451344 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 520HM UT WOS:000173775600007 ER PT J AU Pride, SR Tromeur, E Berryman, JG AF Pride, SR Tromeur, E Berryman, JG TI Biot slow-wave effects in stratified rock SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Seismic Signatures of Fluid Transport CY FEB, 2000 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP European Assoc Geoscientists & Engineers, Soc Explorat Geophysicists, German Geophys Soc, Wave Invers Technol Univ, Freie Univ Berlin, Geophys Dept ID LONG-WAVELENGTH PROPAGATION; COMPOSITE ELASTIC MEDIA; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; ATTENUATION; POROELASTICITY; PERMEABILITY; INCLUSIONS AB The transmission of P-waves through the stratified layers of a sedimentary basin is modeled numerically using Biot theory. The effects on the transmissivity of frequency, angle of incidence, layer thickness, permeability and elastic compliance of the rocks are all considered. Consistent with previous analytical work, it is found that the equilibration of fluid pressure between the fine layers of a sedimentary sequence can produce significant P-wave attenuation at low frequencies. For this attenuation mechanism to act within the surface-seismic band (say, 3-300 Hz), we find that there must be layering present at the scale of centimeters to tens of centimeters. If the layering is restricted to layers of roughly 1 in thickness or greater, then for typical sandstone formations, the attenuation caused by the interlayer flow occurs below the seismic band of interest. Such low-frequency interlayer flow is called Biot slow-wave diffusion in the context of Biot theory and is likely to be the dominant source of low-frequency attenuation in a sedimentary basin, even for relatively tight and stiff reservoir rock; however, the effect is enhanced in more compliant materials. At higher frequencies, the generation of slow-waves at interfaces is also shown to significantly affect the P-wave scattering so long as the layers are sufficiently thin and sufficiently compliant. This effect on the P-wave scattering is shown to increase with increasing angle of incidence. Our work is limited to performing numerical experiments, with care given to making realistic estimates of all the material properties required. No attempt is made here to define an equivalent viscoelastic solid that allows for such slow-wave effects. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pride, SR (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, Campus Beaulieu,Bat 15, F-35042 Rennes, France. RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1190/1.1451799 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 520HM UT WOS:000173775600030 ER PT S AU Vishnyakov, VM Donnelly, SE Carter, G Birtcher, RC Haworth, L AF Vishnyakov, VM Donnelly, SE Carter, G Birtcher, RC Haworth, L BE Raineri, V Priolo, F Kittler, M Richter, H TI Helium bubble growth in silicon: Ripening or bubble motion and coalescence? SO GETTERING AND DEFECT ENGINEERING IN SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Autumn Meeting on Gettering and Defect Engineering in Semiconductor Technology (GADEST 2001) CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2001 CL CATANIA, ITALY SP CNR IMETEM, Progetto Finalizzato Madess II, CNR, Univ Catania, Dept Phys Astronom, INFM, Unit Catania DE bubbles; gettering; growth; helium; implantation; impurities; ion; ripening; silicon; voids ID TRANSITION-METALS; ION-IMPLANTATION; INDUCED CAVITIES; C-SI; VOIDS; OXYGEN AB Voids have been created in Fz and Cz silicon by He implantation and removal of the gas by thermal annealing at temperatures above 900 K. During annealing not only is the helium released from the silicon but the mean bubble size (and thus the mean void size at higher temperatures) is increased. It is commonly believed that this coarsening occurs through the coalescence of moving bubbles and voids. We have utilized cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy with video recording to directly monitor the behaviour of individual bubbles and voids during in-situ annealing. Plan-view and cross-sectional specimens in a high temperature TEM stage have been used. At temperatures as low as 773 K bubbles disappear, appear, grow and shrink. Noticeable bubble/void coarsening begins at around 923 K and continues up to the maximum temperature studied, 1073 K. Our data indicate that bubble and void movement appears to play little part in the coarsening process. Instead bubbles, and at higher temperatures voids, appear to grow by a ripening process consisting of the acquisition of vacancies and submicroscopic helium/vacancy clusters. C1 Univ Salford, Joule Phys Lab, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Scottish Microelect Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Vishnyakov, VM (reprint author), Univ Salford, Joule Phys Lab, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. OI Donnelly, Stephen/0000-0002-9749-5550; Vishnyakov, Vladimir/0000-0003-3045-3134 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908450-64-0 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2002 VL 82-84 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BT24Z UT WOS:000172421600043 ER PT S AU Istratov, AA Sachdeva, R Flink, C Balasubramanian, S Weber, ER AF Istratov, AA Sachdeva, R Flink, C Balasubramanian, S Weber, ER BE Raineri, V Priolo, F Kittler, M Richter, H TI Precipitation kinetics and recombination activity of Cu in Si in the presence of internal gettering sites SO GETTERING AND DEFECT ENGINEERING IN SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY SE Solid State Phenomena LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Autumn Meeting on Gettering and Defect Engineering in Semiconductor Technology (GADEST 2001) CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2001 CL CATANIA, ITALY SP CNR IMETEM, Progetto Finalizzato Madess II, CNR, Univ Catania, Dept Phys Astronom, INFM, Unit Catania DE copper; gettering; minority carrier diffusion length; silicon ID CZOCHRALSKI-GROWN SILICON; PARTIAL DISLOCATIONS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; OUT-DIFFUSION; SOLAR-CELLS; COPPER; FE; IRON; CONTAMINATION; IMPURITIES AB The recombination activity of Cu in Si and its precipitation kinetics in the presence of internal gettering sites has been investigated. It is suggested that copper precipitates are a major recombination center in p-type silicon. Their formation is retarded in p-type silicon due to large lattice strains and electrostatic effects. The electrostatic barrier for copper precipitation disappears when the Fermi level position, determined by the concentration of shallow acceptors (boron) and shallow donors (interstitial copper) reaches the electro-neutrality level of the precipitates. Comparison of the impact of Cu on minority carrier diffusion length obtained on p-Si samples with different resistivity yielded a proof of this electrostatic model. Studies of internal gettering of copper in samples with different density of oxide precipitates indicated that oxide precipitates are relatively inefficient as sinks for copper. This might be due to the compressive lattice strain generated by both oxide precipitates and copper precipitates. Our findings indicate that the morphology of oxide precipitates may have a strong impact on their gettering efficiency. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Istratov, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 62-203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM istratov@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908450-64-0 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOMEN PY 2002 VL 82-84 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BT24Z UT WOS:000172421600052 ER PT J AU Campbell, JH AF Campbell, JH TI Damage resistant optical glasses for high power lasers: A continuing glass science and technology challenge SO GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Glass and the Photonics Revolution CY MAY 28-AUG 29, 2002 CL BAD SODEN, GERMANY DE optical glasses; high-power lasers; laser-induced damage; bulk laser damage; glass polishing; fused silica; meta-phosphate laser glasses ID MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FINISHING MRF; FUSED-SILICA SURFACES; 351 NM; FLUORIDE GLASSES; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH; DIELECTRICS; INITIATION; MECHANISMS; MICROSCOPY AB A major challenge in the development of optical glasses for high-power lasers is reducing or eliminating laser-induced damage to the interior (bulk) and the polished surface of the glass. Bulk laser damage in glass generally originates from inclusions. With the development of novel glass melting and forming processes, both fused silica and a suit of meta-phosphate laser glasses can now be made in large sizes (greater than or equal to 0.5-1 m diameter), free of inclusions and with high optical homogeneity (similar to10(-6)). Considerable attention also has been focused on improving the resistance of laser damage to polished optical glass surfaces. Studies have shown that laser-induced damage to surfaces grows exponentially with the number of shots when illuminated with nano-second pulses at 351 nm above a given fluence threshold. A new approach for reducing and eliminating laser-induced surface damage relies on a series of post-polishing treatment steps. This damage improvement method is reviewed briefly. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Campbell, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 77 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU VERLAG DEUTSCHEN GLASTECHNISCHEN PI FRANKFURT PA MENDELSSOHNSTR 75-77, D-60325 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0946-7475 J9 GLASS SCI TECHNOL JI Glass Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 75 SU C1 BP 91 EP 108 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 710UP UT WOS:000184701000012 ER PT J AU Krol, DM AF Krol, DM TI Waveguide fabrication in glasses using femtosecond laser pulses SO GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Glass and the Photonics Revolution CY MAY 28-AUG 29, 2002 CL BAD SODEN, GERMANY DE laser pulses; bulk glasses; fluorescence; femtosecond laser pulses; waveguide ID VITREOUS SILICA; FUSED-SILICA; RAMAN; SIO2; DENSIFICATION; IRRADIATION; GRATINGS; EXPOSURE; WRITTEN AB Tightly focused femtosecond (fs) laser pulses have been used to fabricate waveguides inside two bulk glasses: fused silica (Corning 7940) and a phosphate glass (Schott IOG-1). Using a confocal microscopy set-up, we have measured Raman and fluorescence spectra of the modified regions in the glass. The spectroscopic changes give information about the structural changes associated with fs laser modification and are related to the observed waveguide characteristics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Krol, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU VERLAG DEUTSCHEN GLASTECHNISCHEN PI FRANKFURT PA MENDELSSOHNSTR 75-77, D-60325 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0946-7475 J9 GLASS SCI TECHNOL JI Glass Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 75 SU C1 BP 164 EP 180 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 710UP UT WOS:000184701000017 ER PT J AU Click, CA Reichman, WJ Brow, RK Ehrmann, PE Suratwala, TI Campbell, JH AF Click, CA Reichman, WJ Brow, RK Ehrmann, PE Suratwala, TI Campbell, JH TI Influence of hydroxyl contamination on neodymium fluorescence lifetime in potassium-magnesium alumino-metaphosphate glasses SO GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Otto Schott Colloquium CY JUL 07-11, 2002 CL FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIV, JENA, GERMANY HO FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIV ID PHOSPHATE AB The effect of hydroxyl contamination and Nd2O3 concentration on the neodymium fluorescence lifetime has been systematically investigated. Glasses with a nominal molar composition of 15% K2O - 15% MgO - 10% Al2O3 - 60% P2O5, with Nd2O3 contents ranging from 0.5 to 8.0 wt% were prepared. The hydroxyl concentration is best estimated by the absorption coefficient at 3000 cm(-1) (alpha(3.33mum)), which ranged from similar to3 to 43 cm(-1) corresponding to hydroxyl concentrations of similar to300 to similar to4300 ppm. The fluorescence quenching rate of the Nd3+ ions by hydroxyls increases linearly with Nd concentration in agreement with a dipolar relaxation mechanism between the Nd3+ as a donor and the OH- as an acceptor. Additionally, the matrix dependent concentration quenching coefficient (Q) has been calculated to be 8.3 cm(-3). C1 Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RP Click, CA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, 222 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RI Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU VERLAG DEUTSCHEN GLASTECHNISCHEN PI FRANKFURT PA MENDELSSOHNSTR 75-77, D-60325 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0946-7475 J9 GLASS SCI TECHNOL JI Glass Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 75 SU S BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 667UP UT WOS:000182252600038 ER PT J AU Fujino, S Morinaga, K Saiz, E Tomsia, AP AF Fujino, S Morinaga, K Saiz, E Tomsia, AP TI Bioactive glass coatings on Co-Cr implant alloys SO GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Otto Schott Colloquium CY JUL 07-11, 2002 CL FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIV, JENA, GERMANY HO FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIV ID BIOCERAMICS C1 Kyushu Univ, Dept Appl Sci Elect & Mat, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fujino, S (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Appl Sci Elect & Mat, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG DEUTSCHEN GLASTECHNISCHEN PI FRANKFURT PA MENDELSSOHNSTR 75-77, D-60325 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0946-7475 J9 GLASS SCI TECHNOL JI Glass Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 75 SU S BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 667UP UT WOS:000182252600039 ER PT J AU Breshears, DD Allen, CD AF Breshears, DD Allen, CD TI The importance of rapid, disturbance-induced losses in carbon management and sequestration SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE carbon management; carbon sequestration; disturbance; forest dieback; erosion; fire; reforestation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PINUS-EDULIS; FORESTS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; EROSION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; BIOMASS; STORAGE AB Management of terrestrial carbon fluxes is being proposed as a means of increasing the amount of carbon sequestered in the terrestrial biosphere. This approach is generally viewed only as an interim strategy for the coming decades while other longer-term strategies are developed and implemented-the most important being the direct reduction of carbon emissions. We are concerned that the potential for rapid, disturbance-induced losses may be much greater than is currently appreciated, especially by the decision-making community. Here we wish to: (1) highlight the complex and threshold-like nature of disturbances-such as fire and drought, as well as the erosion associated with each-that could lead to carbon losses; (2) note the global extent of ecosystems that are at risk of such disturbance-induced carbon losses; and (3) call for increased consideration of and research on the mechanisms by which large, rapid disturbance-induced losses of terrestrial carbon could occur. Our lack of ability as a scientific community to predict such ecosystem dynamics is precluding the effective consideration of these processes into strategies and policies related to carbon management and sequestration. Consequently, scientists need to do more to improve quantification of these potential losses and to integrate them into sound, sustainable policy options. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, HCR1, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Breshears, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Mail Stop J 495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daveb@lanl.gov RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 51 TC 87 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00274.x PG 5 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 523UC UT WOS:000173973400001 ER PT J AU Reed, RN Boback, SM AF Reed, RN Boback, SM TI Does body size predict dates of species description among North American and Australian reptiles and amphibians? SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; Australia; body size; date of description; macroecology; North America; randomization; reptiles; species richness estimates ID PROBABILITY; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS AB Which factors determine whether a species is obvious to collectors? For some taxa, species of small body size tend to be described later than large-bodied species, perhaps because large animals are more obvious or easily captured. Thus it has been proposed that current estimates of species numbers within taxa may be biased, as they may not include small species. However, the trend for recently described species to be small-bodied has only been observed in a few higher taxa, and may not be general. Herein, we examine the relationships between body size and date of description for the entire herpetofaunas of North America and Australia (snakes, lizards, turtles, frogs and salamanders). We found that body size is generally a poor predictor of description date in herpetofaunal taxa. Even for most taxa that did exhibit a negative relationship between these variables, recently described species could not be distinguished from a random draw from overall species pools. We interpret our results in the light of the history of exploration of these continents and the biology of reptiles and amphibians. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Reed, RN (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00260.x PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 523UC UT WOS:000173973400004 ER PT J AU Gill, RA Kelly, RH Parton, WJ Day, KA Jackson, RB Morgan, JA Scurlock, JMO Tieszen, LL Castle, JV Ojima, DS Zhang, XS AF Gill, RA Kelly, RH Parton, WJ Day, KA Jackson, RB Morgan, JA Scurlock, JMO Tieszen, LL Castle, JV Ojima, DS Zhang, XS TI Using simple environmental variables to estimate below-ground productivity in grasslands SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE below-ground biomass; biomass to NPP conversion; functional equilibrium; grassland NPP; net primary production; NPP estimation; root turnover ID ROOT TURNOVER; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; LONG-TERM; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; NDVI AB In many temperate and annual grasslands, above-ground net primary productivity (NPP) can be estimated by measuring peak above-ground biomass. Estimates of below-ground net primary productivity and, consequently, total net primary productivity, are more difficult. We addressed one of the three main objectives of the Global Primary Productivity Data Initiative for grassland systems to develop simple models or algorithms to estimate missing components of total system NPP. Any estimate of below-ground NPP (BNPP) requires an accounting of total root biomass, the percentage of living biomass and annual turnover of live roots. We derived a relationship using above-ground peak biomass and mean annual temperature as predictors of below-ground biomass (r(2) = 0.54; P = 0.01). The percentage of live material was 0.6, based on published values. We used three different functions to describe root turnover: constant, a direct function of above-ground biomass, or as a positive exponential relationship with mean annual temperature. We tested the various models against a large database of global grassland NPP and the constant turnover and direct function models were approximately equally descriptive (r(2) = 0.31 and 0.37), while the exponential function had a stronger correlation with the measured values (r(2) = 0.40) and had a better fit than the other two models at the productive end of the BNPP gradient. When applied to extensive data we assembled from two grassland sites with reliable estimates of total NPP, the direct function was most effective, especially at lower productivity sites. We provide some caveats for its use in systems that lie at the extremes of the grassland gradient and stress that there are large uncertainties associated with measured and modelled estimates of BNPP. C1 Washington State Univ, Program Environm Sci & Reg Planning, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Dept Nat Resources, Climate Impacts & Grazing Syst, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. ARS Rangeland Resources, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Long Term Ecol Res Network Off, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Gill, RA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Program Environm Sci & Reg Planning, POB 644430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 50 TC 63 Z9 83 U1 8 U2 63 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00267.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 523UC UT WOS:000173973400009 ER PT B AU Feng, WC Kapadia, A Thulasidasan, S AF Feng, WC Kapadia, A Thulasidasan, S GP IEEE IEEE TI GREEN: Proactive queue management over a best-effort network SO GLOBECOM'02: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE RECORDS: THE WORLD CONVERGES SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 02) CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP IEEE, ICC GLOBECOM AB We present a proactive queue-management (PQM) algorithm called GREEN that applies knowledge of the steady-state behavior of TCP connections to intelligently and proactively drop packets, thus preventing congestion from ever occurring and ensuring a higher degree of fairness between flows. This congestion-prevention approach is in contrast to the congestion-avoidance approach of traditional active queue-management (AQM) schemes where congestion is actively detected early and then reacted to. In addition to enhancing fairness, GREEN keeps packet-queue lengths relatively low and reduces bandwidth and latency jitter. These characteristics are particularly beneficial to real-time multimedia applications. Further, GREEN achieves the above while maintaining high link utilization and low packet loss. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Feng, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7632-3 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2002 BP 1774 EP 1778 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BW47W UT WOS:000182118500351 ER PT S AU Wielopolski, L Hendrey, G McGuigan, M Daniels, J AF Wielopolski, L Hendrey, G McGuigan, M Daniels, J BE Koppenjan, SK Lee, H TI Imaging tree root systems in situ SO GPR 2002: NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2002) CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2002 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, Bechtel Nevada, Special Technol Lab, GroundProbe, Sensors & Software Inc, Mala Geosci, Geophys Survey Syst ID CARBON AB The study of root growth and development in soil has been intellectually and technically challenging. In response to concern about increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting from increase in global energy use, the cycling of carbon has become the object of many intensive investigations.. Terrestrial ecosystems are a huge, natural biological scrubber for CO2 currently sequestering, directly from the atmosphere, about 22% of annual anthropogenic carbon emissions. It is assumed that a significant fraction of this carbon uptake goes into roots. Presently, there are no means by which root morphology, distribution, and mass can be measured without serious sampling artifacts that alter these properties. This is because the current methods are destructive and labor intensive. A non-invasive, imaging procedure for examining roots in situ would be a powerful tool quantifying subsurface storage, as well as for documenting changes in root structure. I Preliminary results using a high frequency, 1.5 Ghz, impulse Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for non-destructive imaging of tree root systems in situ are presented. Two 3D reconstructed images taking advantage of the polarization effect are used to assess root morphology and dimensions. The constraints, limitations, and potential solutions for using GPR for tree root systems imaging and analysis are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4522-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4758 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.462319 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU70E UT WOS:000176734400011 ER PT J AU Irdi, GA Jones, JR White, CM AF Irdi, GA Jones, JR White, CM TI Pollen and fungal spore sampling and analysis - Statistical evaluations SO GRANA LA English DT Article AB Statistical evaluations of samples obtained from a Burkard seven-day recording volumetric pollen/spore trap were performed to determine the precision of the sampling and analysis procedures. The reproducibility of co-located traps was also investigated. The results showed that pollen grain transect counting was not significantly different, while fungal spore counting produced statistically different results. There was no statistical difference in the number of pollen and fungal spores counted between the co-located samplers. Reasons for the differences in the fungal spore counts are presented. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Irdi, GA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0017-3134 J9 GRANA JI Grana PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1080/00173130260045495 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 570QY UT WOS:000176670200008 ER PT S AU Krumke, SO Marathe, MV Poensgen, D Ravi, SS Wirth, HC AF Krumke, SO Marathe, MV Poensgen, D Ravi, SS Wirth, HC BE Kucera, L TI Budgeted maximum graph coverage SO GRAPH-THEORETIC CONCEPTS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science CY JUN 13-15, 2002 CL CESKY KRUMLOV, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ, Dept Appl Math DE budgeted maximum coverage; approximation algorithm; maximum weight matching; treewidth; integer linear programming AB An instance of the maximum coverage problem is given by a set of weighted ground elements and a cost weighted family of subsets of the ground element set. The goal is to select a subfamily of total cost of at most that of a given budget maximizing the weight of the covered elements. We formulate the problem on graphs: In this situation the set of ground elements is specified by the nodes of a graph, while the family of covering sets is restricted to connected subgraphs. We show that on general graphs the problem is polynomial time solvable if restricted to sets of size at most 2, but becomes NP-hard if sets of size 3 are permitted. On trees, we prove polynomial time solvability if each node appears in a fixed number of sets. In contrast, if vertices are allowed to appear an unbounded number of times, the problem is NP-hard even on stars. We finally give a polynomial time algorithm for the special case where a star is covered by paths. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Dept Comp Sci, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Berlin ZIB, Konrad Zuse Zentrum Informationstech, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Krumke, SO (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Dept Comp Sci, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM krumke@zib.de; marathe@lanl.gov; poensgen@zib.de; ravi@cs.albany.edu; wirth@informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00331-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2573 BP 321 EP 332 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW34X UT WOS:000181655200028 ER PT B AU Chew, GF AF Chew, GF BE Amoroso, RL Hunter, G Kafatos, M Vigier, JP TI Whitehead meets Feynman and the big bang SO GRAVITATION AND COSMOLOGY: FROM THE HUBBLE RADIUS TO THE PLANCK SCALE SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Vigier Symposium on Gravitation and Cosmology - From the Hubble Radius to the Planck Scale CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Calif Inst Phys & Astrophys, Int Space Sci Org, Noet Adv Studies Inst HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY AB Historical quantum cosmology (HQC) is based not on matter but on a chain of local history-a chain lengthened by many local steps in each global step that expands a double-cone spacetime. The universe's forward-lightcone lower bound corresponds to the big bang while its backward-lightcone upper bound corresponds to the present. (All history occurs after the big bang and before the present.) HQC adapts continuous string-theoretical and Feynman-graphical notions to discrete Whiteheadian process. While standard physics-cosmology posits a spatially-unbounded universe of matter that (continuously) carries conserved energy-momentum, angular momentum and electric charge, in HQC only a tiny "rigid" component ("enduring process" in Whitehead's terminology) of a discrete and finite history corresponds to matter. The huge majority of history is "nonrigidly meandering" in time as well as in space and carries none of the above conserved quantities. Dense "vacuonic" history, unobservable by the scientific method, nevertheless carries conserved magnetic charge, contacts material history and participates in magnetodynamic action at a distance. One outcome is zitterbewegung for most standard-model elementary particles, leading to rest mass and collapse of material wave function. Another is probabilistic nature of predictions based solely on past material history. There is prospect of understanding gravity as outcome of interplay between magnetically polarized vacuum and matter. Origin of the standard model's 3 colors, 3 generations and (approximately) 30-degree Weinberg angle will be sketched and related to the internal structure of the photon and other "elementary" particles. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chew, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0885-6 J9 FUND THEOR PY 2002 VL 126 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Physics GA BW08D UT WOS:000180815600005 ER PT B AU Mac Gregor, MH AF Mac Gregor, MH BE Amoroso, RL Hunter, G Kafatos, M Vigier, JP TI Quantum Hall enigmas SO GRAVITATION AND COSMOLOGY: FROM THE HUBBLE RADIUS TO THE PLANCK SCALE SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Vigier Symposium on Gravitation and Cosmology - From the Hubble Radius to the Planck Scale CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Calif Inst Phys & Astrophys, Int Space Sci Org, Noet Adv Studies Inst HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID NOBEL LECTURE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mac Gregor, MH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0885-6 J9 FUND THEOR PY 2002 VL 126 BP 337 EP 348 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Physics GA BW08D UT WOS:000180815600033 ER PT S AU von Laszewski, G Ruscic, B Wagstrom, P Krishnan, S Amin, K Nijsure, S Bittner, S Pinzon, R Hewson, JC Morton, ML Minkoff, M Wagner, A AF von Laszewski, G Ruscic, B Wagstrom, P Krishnan, S Amin, K Nijsure, S Bittner, S Pinzon, R Hewson, JC Morton, ML Minkoff, M Wagner, A BE Parashar, M TI A grid service-based active thermochemical table framework SO GRID COMPUTING - GRID 2002 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Grid Computing CY NOV 18, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP ACM, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Supercomputing 2002 AB In this paper we report our work on the integration of existing scientific applications using Grid Services. We describe a general architecture that provides access to these applications via Web services-based application factories. Furthermore, we demonstrate how such services can interact with each other. These interactions enable a level of integration that assists the scientific application architect in leveraging applications running in heterogeneous runtime environments. Our architecture is implemented by using existing infrastructures and middleware, such as Web services, the Globus Toolkit, and the Java CoG Kit. We test our architecture on a thermochemistry application that provides a number of requirements, such as batch processing, interactive and collaborative steering, use of multiple platforms, visualization through large displays, and access via a portal framework. Besides the innovative use of the Grid and Web services, we have also provided a novel algorithmic contribution to scientific disciplines that use thermochemical tables. Specifically, we modified the original approach to constructing thermochemical tables to include an iterative process of refinement leading to increased accuracy; we are now implementing this approach. We hay(, designed a portal for accessing the set of services provided, which include the display of network dependencies between the reactions a chemist may be interested in and interactive querying of associated species data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012; Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X; Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00133-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2536 BP 25 EP 38 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW70D UT WOS:000182855700003 ER PT S AU Allen, G Angulo, D Goodale, T Kielmann, T Merzky, A Nabrzysky, J Pukacki, J Russell, M Radke, T Seidel, E Shalf, J Taylor, I AF Allen, G Angulo, D Goodale, T Kielmann, T Merzky, A Nabrzysky, J Pukacki, J Russell, M Radke, T Seidel, E Shalf, J Taylor, I BE Parashar, M TI GridLab: Enabling applications on the Grid SO GRID COMPUTING - GRID 2002 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Grid Computing CY NOV 18, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP ACM, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Supercomputing 2002 AB Grid technology is widely emerging. Still, there is An eminent shortage of real Grid users, due to the absence of two important catalysts: First, a widely accepted vision on how applications can substantially benefit from Grids, and second a toolkit of higher-level Grid services, tailored to application needs. The GridLab project aims to provide fundamentally new capabilities for applications to exploit the power of Grid computing, thus bridging the gap between application needs and existing Grid middleware. We present an overview of GridLab, a large scale, EU-funded Grid project spanning over a dozen groups in Europe and the US. We first outline our vision of Grid-empowered applications and then discuss GridLab's general architecture. C1 Albert Einstein Inst, Golm, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Zuse Inst, Berlin, Germany. Poznan Supercomp & Networking Ctr, Poznan, Poland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Coll Cardiff, Cardiff CF1 3NS, S Glam, Wales. RP Allen, G (reprint author), Albert Einstein Inst, Golm, Germany. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00133-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2536 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW70D UT WOS:000182855700004 ER PT S AU Keahey, K Welch, V AF Keahey, K Welch, V BE Parashar, M TI Fine-grain authorization for resource management in the grid environment SO GRID COMPUTING - GRID 2002 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Grid Computing CY NOV 18, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP ACM, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Supercomputing 2002 AB In this document we describe our work-in-progress for enabling fine-grain authorization of resource management. In particular we address the needs of Virtual Organizations (VOs) to enforce their own polices in addition to those of the resource owners. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Keahey, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00133-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2536 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW70D UT WOS:000182855700018 ER PT S AU Vazhkudai, S Schopf, JM AF Vazhkudai, S Schopf, JM BE Parashar, M TI Using disk throughput data in predictions of end-to-end grid data transfers SO GRID COMPUTING - GRID 2002 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Grid Computing CY NOV 18, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP ACM, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Supercomputing 2002 AB Data grids provide an environment for communities of researchers to share, replicate, and manage access to copies of large datasets. In such environments, fetching data from one of the several replica locations requires accurate predictions of end-to-end transfer times. Predicting transfer time is significantly complicated because of the involvement of several shared components, including networks and disks in the end-to-end data path, each of which experiences load variations that can significantly affect the throughput. Of these, disk accesses are rapidly growing in cost and have not been previously considered, although on some machines they can be up to 30% of the transfer time. In this paper, we present techniques to combine observations of end-to-end application behavior and disk I/O throughput load data. We develop a set of regression models to derive predictions that characterize the effect of disk load variations on file transfer times. We also include network component variations and apply these techniques to the logs of transfer data using the GridFTP server, part of the Globus Toolkit(TM). We observe up to 9% improvement in prediction accuracy when compared with approaches based on past system behavior in isolation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Vazhkudai, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00133-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2536 BP 291 EP 304 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW70D UT WOS:000182855700027 ER PT S AU Carter, CAG John, KD Mann, G Martin, RL Cameron, TM Baker, RT Bishop, KL Broene, RD Westcott, SA AF Carter, CAG John, KD Mann, G Martin, RL Cameron, TM Baker, RT Bishop, KL Broene, RD Westcott, SA BE Shapiro, PJ Atwood, DA TI Bifunctional Lewis acid reactivity of diol-derived diboron reagents SO GROUP 13 CHEMISTRY: FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Group 13 Chemistry Element held at Pacifichem 2000 CY DEC 14-19, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Inorgan Chem ID TETRAALKOXY DIBORANE(4) COMPOUNDS; PLATINUM-CATALYZED DIBORATION; PINACOL COUPLING REACTION; BIS-DITHIOCATECHOLATE; AROMATIC BORYLATION; ALKYNE DIBORATION; VICINAL DIAMINE; METAL; ALKENES; DERIVATIVES AB Divalent, diol-derived diboron reagents such as B(2)cat(2) (cat = catecholato, 1,2-O2C6H4) have been used recently for metal-catalyzed diboration and borylation reactions of unsaturated organic substrates. In this report we describe two new reactions of these reagents that take advantage of their bifunctional Lewis acidity. Stereoselective coupling of diarylaldimines, ArN=CHAr', using B(2)cat(2) affords rac-N-boryldiamines. The efficiency of this reaction depends on both the Lewis acidity of the boron centers (to bind the imine substrates) and the reducing potential of the B-B bond. The large driving force for B-O bond formation also allows the diboron compounds to serve as selective deoxygenation reagents for amine oxides, sulfoxides, phosphine oxides, and even organic carbonyl compounds. Some of these deoxygenation reactions require transition metal catalysis and possible reaction pathways are discussed. Density Functional Theory is used to probe the relative Lewis acidities of the divalent diboron compounds and their trivalent B-O-B analogs. The increased acidity of the latter is attributed to increased bond polarity and reduction of B-O pi-bonding effects in the base adducts. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bowdoin Coll, Dept Chem, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. Mt Allison Univ, Dept Chem, Sackville, NB E41 1G8, Canada. RP Carter, CAG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI John, Kevin/0000-0002-6181-9330 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3785-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 822 BP 70 EP 87 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BW16L UT WOS:000181053900005 ER PT S AU Barnes, T AF Barnes, T BE Amelin, D Zaitsev, AM TI Remembering Nathan SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2001 CL INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, PROTVINO, RUSSIA SP Minist Atom Energy, Minist Ind, Sci & Technologies, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Fund Fundamental Res HO INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS ID RELATIVIZED QUARK-MODEL; CHROMODYNAMICS; BARYONS; MESONS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0067-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 619 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU82R UT WOS:000177134600024 ER PT S AU Barnes, T AF Barnes, T BE Amelin, D Zaitsev, AM TI Hadron 2001 conference summary: Theory SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2001 CL INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, PROTVINO, RUSSIA SP Minist Atom Energy, Minist Ind, Sci & Technologies, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Fund Fundamental Res HO INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS ID PHI RADIATIVE DECAY; ANISOTROPIC LATTICE; HYBRID MESONS; SCALAR MESONS; MODEL AB This contribution reviews some of the theoretical issues and predictions that were discussed at HADRON2001, The topics are divided into principle areas, 1) exotics, 2) vectors, 3) scalars, and 4) higher-mass states. The current status of theoretical predictions for each area are summarized, together with a brief description of experiment. New and detailed experimental results are presented in the companion Experimental Summary by Klempt. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0067-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 619 BP 447 EP 462 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU82R UT WOS:000177134600043 ER PT S AU Barnes, T AF Barnes, T BE Amelin, D Zaitsev, AM TI Hadron-hadron scattering in the nonrelativistic quark model SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2001 CL INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, PROTVINO, RUSSIA SP Minist Atom Energy, Minist Ind, Sci & Technologies, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Fund Fundamental Res HO INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS ID POTENTIAL MODEL; EXCHANGE AB In this HADRON2001 contribution we summarize the status of our quark-model calculations of hadron-hadron scattering amplitudes in annihilation-free channels. The predictions are in reasonably good agreement with experimentally known S-wave meson-meson and meson-baryon phase shifts, and there are very recent indications that S-wave piomega scattering (extracted from FSIs in b(1) decay) may also be similar to our predictions. Finally, novel applications of this formalism to the dissociation cross sections of charmonia on light hadrons (relevant for QGP studies at RHIC) are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0067-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 619 BP 673 EP 677 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU82R UT WOS:000177134600086 ER PT S AU Suh, JS AF Suh, JS BE Amelin, D Zaitsev, AM TI Radial excitations of pseudoscalar mesons SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 25-SEP 01, 2001 CL INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, PROTVINO, RUSSIA SP Minist Atom Energy, Minist Ind, Sci & Technologies, Russian Acad Sci, Russian Fund Fundamental Res HO INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS ID PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; AXIAL-VECTOR; QUARK-MODEL; ETA-PI+PI; SYSTEM; DECAY; PI; RESONANCES; STATES; GEV/C AB The current status of radial excitations of pseudoscalar mesons is reviewed. From the observed pseudoscalar states, pi( 1300), K(1460), eta(1295), eta(1440), and eta(1760), possible nonets of the first radial excitations are examined, together with open problems. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Suh, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0067-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 619 BP 678 EP 682 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU82R UT WOS:000177134600087 ER PT J AU Peterson, JM MacDonell, MM Longo, TP Harvill, JP Drez, PE AF Peterson, JM MacDonell, MM Longo, TP Harvill, JP Drez, PE TI Volume and activity of buried transuranic-contaminated wastes at US Department of Energy facilities SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plutonium; waste disposal; radioactive materials; uranium AB From the 1940's through the 1970's, radioactive wastes meeting the current definition of transuranic wastes were disposed of by shallow land burial and other techniques at a number of sites owned and operated by the federal government in support of the nuclear weapons program. After transuranic wastes were identified as a separate category of radioactive wastes (distinct from low-level wastes) in 1970 by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, they were generally segregated and placed in retrievable storage pending the availability of a geologic repository. Updated information on buried transuranic wastes was recently developed to support future decisions on how to manage these materials. This paper summarizes the approach used to develop this information for U.S. Department of Energy facilities and presents the volumes and transuranic activities of these wastes. The total volume of buried transuranic wastes at DOE sites is approximately 126,000 m(3) with a much smaller volume (about 11,000 m(3)) disposed of at intermediate depths. The reported transuranic activity in these previously disposed of wastes is about 28,000 TBq. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US DOE, Off Environm Management, Germantown, MD USA. SM Stoller Corp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Drez Environm Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Peterson, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jpeterson@anl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1097/00004032-200201000-00003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 504GL UT WOS:000172848900003 PM 11768797 ER PT J AU Whicker, JJ Wasiolek, PT Tavani, RA AF Whicker, JJ Wasiolek, PT Tavani, RA TI Influence of room geometry and ventilation rate on airflow and aerosol dispersion: Implications for worker protection SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aerosols; ventilation; air sampling; occupational safety ID AIR-FLOW AB Knowledge of dispersion rates and patterns of radioactive aerosols and gases through workrooms is critical for understanding human exposure and for developing strategies for worker protection. The dispersion within rooms can be influenced by complex interactions between numerous variables, but especially ventilation design and room furnishings. For this study, dependence of airflow and aerosol dispersion on workroom geometry (furnishings) and ventilation rate were studied in an experimental room that was designed to approximate a plutonium laboratory. Three different configurations of simulated gloveboxes and two ventilation rates (approximately 6 and 12 air exchanges per hour) were studied. A sonic anemometer was used to measure airflow parameters including all three components of air velocity vectors and turbulence intensity distributions at multiple locations and heights. Aerosol dispersion rates and patterns were measured by releasing aerosols multiple times from six different locations. Aerosol particle concentrations resolved in time and space were measured using 16 multiplexed laser particle counters. Comparisons were made of air velocities, turbulence, and aerosol transport across different ventilation rates and room configurations. A strong influence of ventilation rate on aerosol dispersion rates and air velocity was found, and changes in room geometry had significant effects on aerosol dispersion rates and patterns. These results are important with regards to constant evaluation of placement of air sampling equipment, benchmarking numerical models of room airflow, and design of ventilation and room layouts with consideration of worker safety. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Whicker, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp, Mail Stop G761, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jjwhicker@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 52 EP 63 DI 10.1097/00004032-200201000-00007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 504GL UT WOS:000172848900007 PM 11768799 ER PT S AU Hsiung, YB AF Hsiung, YB CA KTeV collaboration BE Ryd, A Porter, FC TI Recent epsilon '/epsilon results from KTeV SO HEAVY FLAVOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Heavy Flavor Physics CY SEP 10-13, 2001 CL PASADENA, CA SP Caltech ID DIRECT CP VIOLATION; PARAMETER EPSILON'/EPSILON; NEUTRAL KAON; DECAYS AB An update of the current status of direct-CP violation measurement, epsilon'/epsilon, from Fermilab KTeV experiment is reviewed here. Such long-sought effect in the two-pion system of neutral kaon decays has been observed and confirmed in the KTeV data. A recent preliminary result from the combined KTeV 1996-1997 run data finds Re(epsilon'/epsilon) = (20.7 +/- 2.7) x 10(-4). The new world average on this important measurement is then Re(epsilon'/epsilon) = (17.2 +/- 1.8) x 10(-4) with a confidence level of 13% which clearly establishing the existence of "direct" CP-violation. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hsiung, YB (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS122,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0064-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 618 BP 72 EP 78 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU79W UT WOS:000177029300009 ER PT S AU Littenberg, L AF Littenberg, L BE Ryd, A Porter, FC TI Rare K decays: Results and prospects SO HEAVY FLAVOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Heavy Flavor Physics CY SEP 10-13, 2001 CL PASADENA, CA SP Caltech ID BRANCHING RATIO; STANDARD MODEL; CP VIOLATION; FORM-FACTOR; SEARCH; K-L->PI(0)NU(NU)OVER-BAR; LEPTONS; GAMMA; MU(-); LIMIT AB Recent results on rare kaon decays are reviewed and prospects for future experiments are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Littenberg, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0064-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 618 BP 89 EP 102 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU79W UT WOS:000177029300011 ER PT S AU Burdman, G AF Burdman, G BE Ryd, A Porter, FC TI Rare B decays beyond B -> X-s gamma SO HEAVY FLAVOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Heavy Flavor Physics CY SEP 10-13, 2001 CL PASADENA, CA SP Caltech ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; HEAVY MESON DECAYS; LARGE ENERGY LIMIT; ART. NO. 014006; FORM-FACTORS; QCD; B->VL(+)L(-) AB I discuss recent progress in our understanding of exclusive rare and semileptonic decays. I show the impact of HQET when combined with the predictions in the Large Energy Limit of QCD, focusing first on applications to B --> K*l(+)l(+). I also discuss the constraints on semileptonic form-factors that appear in HQET/LEET with the use of radiative decay data, and update these to include the effects of next-to-leading order contributions in B --> K*gamma, as well as the latest data. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Burdman, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Burdman, Gustavo/D-3285-2012 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0064-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 618 BP 169 EP 179 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU79W UT WOS:000177029300019 ER PT S AU Hiller, G AF Hiller, G BE Ryd, A Porter, FC TI Testing factorization SO HEAVY FLAVOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Heavy Flavor Physics CY SEP 10-13, 2001 CL PASADENA, CA SP Caltech ID B-MESON DECAYS; BRANCHING FRACTIONS; QCD FACTORIZATION; CHARM AB We briefly review the status of factorization in b-decays. We discuss several experimental tests of its nature and stress their importance. We show that decays into mesons which have small decay constants or spin greater than one ('designer mesons') offer a variety of new opportunities. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hiller, G (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0064-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 618 BP 239 EP 246 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU79W UT WOS:000177029300027 ER PT S AU Ligeti, Z AF Ligeti, Z BE Ryd, A Porter, FC TI D-0-(D)over-bar(0) mixing SO HEAVY FLAVOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Heavy Flavor Physics CY SEP 10-13, 2001 CL PASADENA, CA SP Caltech ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD-THEORY; D-MESON SYSTEM; STANDARD MODEL; PHYSICS; SEARCH; SU(3); DECAY; D-0 AB The main challenge in the Standard Model calculation of the mass and width difference in D-0 - (D) over bar (0) mixing is to estimate the size of SU (3) breaking effects. We consider the possibility that phase space effects may be the dominant source of SU(3) breaking. In particular, we explore whether the Standard Model mass and width differences may satisfy DeltaGamma/2Gamma similar to 1% and DeltaGamma much greater than Deltam, in which case the sensitivity of D mixing to new physics would be substantially reduced [1, 2]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ligeti, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0064-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 618 BP 298 EP 309 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU79W UT WOS:000177029300034 ER PT S AU Cheung, HWK AF Cheung, HWK BE Ryd, A Porter, FC TI Charm lifetimes and mixing SO HEAVY FLAVOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Heavy Flavor Physics CY SEP 10-13, 2001 CL PASADENA, CA SP Caltech ID SEARCH AB A review of the latest results on charm lifetimes and D-mixing is presented. The e(+)e(-) collider experiments are now able to measure charm lifetimes quite precisely, however comparisons with the latest results from fixed-target experiments show that possible systematic effects could be evident. The new D-mixing results from the B-factories have changed the picture that is emerging, Although the new world averaged value of y(CP) is now consistent with zero, there is still a very interesting and favoured scenario if the strong phase difference between the Doubly-Cabibbo-suppressed and the Cabibbo-flavoured D-0 --> Kpi decay is large. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cheung, HWK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0064-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 618 BP 321 EP 328 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU79W UT WOS:000177029300036 ER PT S AU Berger, EL AF Berger, EL BE Ryd, A Porter, FC TI Supersymmetry explanation for the puzzling bottom quark production cross section SO HEAVY FLAVOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Heavy Flavor Physics CY SEP 10-13, 2001 CL PASADENA, CA SP Caltech ID OPEN BEAUTY PRODUCTION; TOP-SQUARK PRODUCTION; = 1.8 TEV; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; E+E ANNIHILATION; COUPLINGS; MASS; COLLIDER; SEARCH AB It has been known for a long time that the cross section for bottom-quark b production at hadron collider energies exceeds theoretical expectations. An additional contribution from pair-production of light gluinos (g) over tilde, of mass 12 to 16 GeV, with two-body decays into bottom quarks and light bottom sqarks (b) over tilde, helps to obtain a b production rate in better agreement with data. The masses of the (g) over tilde and (b) over tilde are restricted further by the ratio of like-sign to opposite-sign leptons at hadron colliders. Constraints on this scenario from other data are examined, and predictions are made for various processes such as Upsilon decay into (b) over tilde 's. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0064-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 618 BP 371 EP 380 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU79W UT WOS:000177029300041 ER PT S AU Kronfeld, AS AF Kronfeld, AS BE Ryd, A Porter, FC TI Lattice QCD and the unitarity triangle SO HEAVY FLAVOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Heavy Flavor Physics CY SEP 10-13, 2001 CL PASADENA, CA SP Caltech ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; DECAY CONSTANTS; HEAVY QUARKS; B-MESON; ART.; FERMIONS; APPROXIMATION; LOGARITHMS AB Theoretical and computational advances in lattice calculations are reviewed, with focus on examples relevant to the unitarity triangle of the CKM matrix. Recent progress in semi-leptonic form factors for B --> pi/nu and B --> D*lv, as well as the parameter xi in B-0-(B) over bar (0) mixing, are highlighted. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kronfeld, AS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0064-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 618 BP 459 EP 469 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU79W UT WOS:000177029300050 ER PT S AU Quinn, HR AF Quinn, HR BE Ryd, A Porter, FC TI Summary and outlook for 9th International Symposium on Heavy Flavor Physics SO HEAVY FLAVOR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Heavy Flavor Physics CY SEP 10-13, 2001 CL PASADENA, CA SP Caltech ID CP VIOLATION; QCD FACTORIZATION; MESON SYSTEM; DECAYS; QUARK AB This is the summary talk of a meeting held at the California Institute of Technology Sept 10-13, 2001. 1 do not attempt to summarize all the beautiful experimental results we have seen this week, nor to repeat the lively theoretical discussions that have occurred. Rather I will present my own biased perspective on what we have learned, and on the important tasks that need our attention as we work to make the most of the rapidly accumulating data in this field. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Quinn, HR (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0064-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 618 BP 470 EP 477 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU79W UT WOS:000177029300051 ER PT J AU Cardona, CM Jannach, SH Huang, H Itojima, Y Leblanc, RM Gawley, RE Baker, GA Brauns, EE AF Cardona, CM Jannach, SH Huang, H Itojima, Y Leblanc, RM Gawley, RE Baker, GA Brauns, EE TI Spatially resolved derivatization of solid-phase-synthesis beads with fluorescent dendrimers: Creation of localized microdomains SO HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LOADING SUPPORTS; HYDROFORMYLATION REACTIONS; SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; DENDRITIC ENCAPSULATION; COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; RESIN BEADS; OFF-CENTER; LIGANDS; TADDOLS AB Second and third generation Newkome-type trifurcated dendrimers, containing either a coumarin or dansyl fluorescent probe at the dendrimer core, have been synthesized and attached to ArgoGel (R) solid-phase-synthesis beads. Subsequent reaction with rhodamine dye shows that the dye can penetrate throughout the beads to acylate the remaining sites. Thus, it is possible to achieve a spatially resolved microdomain for library formation at the core of the dendrimer, primarily on the bead's periphery, and a second microdomain suitable for derivatization by other reagents such as encoding tags and fluorescent sensors. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Miami, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gawley, RE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM rgawley@miami.edu RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0018-019X J9 HELV CHIM ACTA JI Helv. Chim. Acta PY 2002 VL 85 IS 10 BP 3532 EP 3558 DI 10.1002/1522-2675(200210)85:10<3532::AID-HLCA3532>3.0.CO;2-F PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 614XE UT WOS:000179216100041 ER PT S AU Caryotakis, G AF Caryotakis, G BE Carlsten, BE TI NLC klystron R&D SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP US DOE, Off Sci, High Energy Phys Div AB This is a progress report on two ongoing projects in the SLAC Klystron Department: The continuing development of XP-3, ("Designed for Manufacture", or "DFM") klystron, and a new program to develop a sheet-beam version of this NLC source, also producing 75 MW, 3-microsecond pulses, with a repetition rate of 120 Hz. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Caryotakis, G (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0078-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 625 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV05Z UT WOS:000177721100001 ER PT S AU Hruby, J AF Hruby, J BE Carlsten, BE TI Overview of LIGA microfabrication SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP US DOE, Off Sci, High Energy Phys Div AB This paper is an overview of the LIGA technique, an increasingly accepted approach for fabricating metal, ceramic or plastic microdevices. The LIGA technique was invented in Germany in the early 1980s and the acronym derives from the words Lithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung meaning Lithography, Electroplating, and Molding in English. The paper is presented as an abbreviated set of annotated overheads used for the conference presentation and some summary remarks. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hruby, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0078-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 625 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV05Z UT WOS:000177721100007 ER PT S AU Dolgashev, VA Tantawi, SG AF Dolgashev, VA Tantawi, SG BE Carlsten, BE TI RF breakdown in high vacuum multimegawatt x-band structures SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP US DOE, Off Sci, High Energy Phys Div AB Increasing the power handling capabilities of rf components is an important issue for the design of rf accelerators and rf sources. RF breakdown is a phenomena that limit the high power performance. A major concern is the damage that can occur in rf components from breakdown. To better understand this damage, we have studied rf breakdown in a rectangular waveguide experimentally and theoretically. The breakdown process in a waveguide is both easier to measure and simulate than breakdown in a complex geometry such as an accelerating structure. We used a particle tracking code and a Particle-In-Cell code to model the breakdown behavior. Models developed for the waveguide were applied to the breakdown in accelerating structures. RF breakdown in traveling wave and standing wave accelerating structures was simulated. We compare the experimental data with results of the simulations for the accelerating structures. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Dolgashev, VA (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0078-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 625 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV05Z UT WOS:000177721100009 ER PT S AU Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD AF Tantawi, SG Nantista, CD BE Carlsten, BE TI Active and passive RF components for high-power systems SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP US DOE, Off Sci, High Energy Phys Div ID RESONANT DELAY-LINES AB In recent years, R&D for pulse compression and power distribution systems for the Next Linear Collider has led to the invention of many novel rf components, some of which must handle up to 600 MW of pulsed power at X-band. These include passive waveguide components, active switch designs, and non-reciprocal devices. Among the former is a class of multi-moded, highly efficient rf components based on planar geometries with overmoded rectangular ports. Multi-moding allows us, by means of input phasing, to direct power to different locations through the same waveguide. Planar symmetry allows the height to be increased to improve power handling capacity. Features that invite breakdown, such as coupling slots, irises and H-plane septa, are avoided. This class includes hybrids, directional couplers, an eight-port superhybrid/dual-mode launcher, a mode-selective extractor, mode-preserving bends, a rectangular mode converter, and mode-mixers. We are able to utilize such rectangular waveguide components in systems incorporating low-loss, circular waveguide delay lines by means of specially designed tapers that efficiently transform multiple rectangular waveguide modes into their corresponding circular waveguide modes, specifically TE10 and TE20 into circular TE11 and TE01. These extremely compact tapers can replace well-known mode converters such as the Marie type. Another component, a reflective TE01-TE02 mode converter in circular waveguide, allows us to double the delay in reflective or resonant delay lines. Ideas for multi-megawatt active components, such as switches, have also been pursued. Power-handling capacity for these is increased by making them also highly overmoded. We present a design methodology for active rf magnetic components which are suitable for pulse compression systems of future X-band linear colliders. We also present an active switch based on a PIN diode. array. This component comprises an array of active elements arranged so that the electric fields are reduced and the power handling capability is increased. Novel designs allow these components to operate in the low-loss circular waveguide TE01 mode. We describe the switching elements and circuits. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tantawi, SG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0078-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 625 BP 83 EP 100 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV05Z UT WOS:000177721100010 ER PT S AU Koontz, RF AF Koontz, RF BE Carlsten, BE TI Power supply, energy storage line, and grid pulsers for high voltage gridded klystrons SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP US DOE, Off Sci, High Energy Phys Div AB Designs for high power, gridded klystrons are being considered for driving accelerators. These designs have high voltage DC on the klystron cathodes, with the klystron current being tamed on and off with a much lower voltage grid drive pulse. Such a klystron eliminates the need for a high power pulse modulator. The modulator is replaced by a high voltage energy storage line, an RF switching line charging supply, and a small electronics package consisting of a DC grid bias supply, a fast rise and fall time grid pulser, and a klystron cathode heater power supply. This paper outlines some of the design details of such a gridded klystron support system including specifications for the energy storage cable, and the fast grid pulse driver. Such a system can be very compact and reliable with low initial cost, and excellent operating efficiency. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Koontz, RF (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd MS 33, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0078-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 625 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV05Z UT WOS:000177721100011 ER PT S AU Vlieks, AE Caryotakis, G Fowkes, WR Jongewaard, EN Landahl, EC Loewen, R Luhmann, NC AF Vlieks, AE Caryotakis, G Fowkes, WR Jongewaard, EN Landahl, EC Loewen, R Luhmann, NC BE Carlsten, BE TI Development of an X-band RF gun at SLAC SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP US DOE, Off Sci, High Energy Phys Div AB As part of a National Cancer Institute grant to develop a compact source of monoenergetic X-rays via the Compton Effect, we have completed the design of a Laser-driven 5.5 cell RF gun operating at 11.424 GHz. The goal is to develop an RF Gun which can generate a 7 MeV, 0.5nC electron beam with an RMS emittance of >1 pi-mm-mR. We have completed simulations of the total beamline, including the RF gun, accelerator structure, focusing quadrupole triplet and electron beam/laser beam Interaction Region using PARMELA. Results of these simulations will be presented, showing that a 60 MeV electron bunch can be focused to an interaction point two meters downstream of the photocathode. We will also present results of RF measurements of the Gun-cold-test model showing the field distribution along the gun axis and the gun resonances. Details of the RF power Source, Emittance-Compensating Solenoid and Laser system will also be presented. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Vlieks, AE (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0078-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 625 BP 107 EP 115 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV05Z UT WOS:000177721100012 ER PT S AU Carlsten, BE Earley, LM Haynes, WB Wheat, RM AF Carlsten, BE Earley, LM Haynes, WB Wheat, RM BE Carlsten, BE TI Design of high-power, MM-wave traveling-wave tubes SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP US DOE, Off Sci, High Energy Phys Div AB Simulations have indicated that emerging electron sheet-beam technology can drive simple rippled and stepped waveguide traveling-wave tubes with extremely high gain. There are many design possibilities that need to be evaluated. The interaction can be made with the n=-1 (backward wave), n=0 (fundamental forward wave), or n=+1 (first space harmonic forward wave) interactions. In this paper, we discuss some of the fundamental design issues. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0078-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 625 BP 117 EP 127 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV05Z UT WOS:000177721100013 ER PT S AU Fazio, M Carlsten, B Farnham, J Habiger, K Haynes, W Myers, J Nelson, E Smith, J Arfin, B Haase, A Scheitrum, G AF Fazio, M Carlsten, B Farnham, J Habiger, K Haynes, W Myers, J Nelson, E Smith, J Arfin, B Haase, A Scheitrum, G BE Carlsten, BE TI Progress toward a gigawatt-class annular beam klystron with a thermionic electron gun SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP US DOE, Off Sci, High Energy Phys Div AB In an effort to reach the gigawatt power level in the microsecond pulse length regime Los Alamos, in collaboration with SLAC, is developing an annular beam klystron (ABK) with a thermionic electron gun. We hope to address the causes of pulse shortening in very high peak power tubes by building a "hard-vacuum" tube in the 10(-10) Torr range with a thermionic electron gun producing a constant impedance electron,beam. The ABK has been designed to operate at 5 Hz pulse repetition frequency to allow for RF conditioning. The electron gun has a magnetron injection gun configuration and uses a dispenser cathode running at 1100 degreesC to produce a 4 kA electron beam at 800 kV. The cathode is designed to run in the temperature-limited mode to help maintain beam stability in the gun. The beam-stick consisting of the electron gun, an input cavity, an idler cavity, and drift tube, and the collector has been designed collaboratively, fabricated at SLAC, then shipped to Los Alamos for testing. On the test stand at Los Alamos a low voltage emission test was performed, but unfortunately as we prepared for high voltage testing a problem with the cathode heater was encountered that prevented the cathode from reaching a high enough temperature for electron emission. A post-mortem examination will be done shortly to determine the exact cause of the heater failure. The RF design has been proceeding and is almost complete. The output cavity presents a challenging design problem in trying to efficiently extract energy from the low impedance beam while maintaining a gap voltage low enough to avoid breakdown and a Q high enough to maintain mode purity. In the next iteration, the ABK will have a new cathode assembly installed along with the remainder of the RF circuit. This. paper will discuss the electron gun and the design of the RF circuit along with a report on the status of the work. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fazio, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-H851, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0078-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 625 BP 159 EP 168 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV05Z UT WOS:000177721100018 ER PT S AU Nelson, EM AF Nelson, EM BE Carlsten, BE TI Review of computational models for high power microwave sources SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP US DOE, Off Sci, High Energy Phys Div ID CODE; SIMULATION; DESIGN; MAGY; MILO AB Numerous computer models have been developed for the analysis and design of high power microwave sources. The models include electrostatic gun codes, beam-circuit interaction codes, and pure electromagnetic codes. The beam-circuit interaction codes include steady-state and time-domain models. They include particle-in-cell and gyrokinetic codes. The electromagnetic codes include eigenmode, frequency-domain and time-domain solvers. Fields are computed using the finite-difference and finite-element methods. The state of the art for such models is reviewed, and suggestions for future work are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nelson, EM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0078-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 625 BP 177 EP 186 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BV05Z UT WOS:000177721100020 ER PT S AU Sessler, AM AF Sessler, AM BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI High intensity and high brightness hadron beams - Introductory remarks: Reflections on the reasons for building accelerators SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sessler, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900001 ER PT S AU Kwan, JW AF Kwan, JW BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Progress in bright ion beams for industry, medicine and fusion at LBNL SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK ID ACCELERATOR AB Recent progresses at LBNL in developing ion beams for industry, radiation therapy and inertial fusion applications were discussed. The highlights include ion beam lithography, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), and heavy ion fusion (HIF) drivers using multiple linacs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94546 USA. RP Kwan, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94546 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900004 ER PT S AU Chou, WR AF Chou, WR BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Synchrotron based proton drivers SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Proton drivers are the proton sources that produce intense short proton bunches. They have a wide range of applications. This paper discusses the proton drivers based on high-intensity proton synchrotrons. It gives a review of the high-intensity proton sources over the world and a brief report on recent developments in this field in the U.S. high-energy physics (HEP) community. The Fermilab Proton Driver is used as a case study for a number of challenging technical design issues. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chou, WR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900006 ER PT S AU Wei, J AF Wei, J BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI The Spallation neutron source project - Physical and technical challenges SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is designed to reach an average proton beam power of 1.4 MW for pulsed neutron production. This paper summarizes design aspects and physical challenges to the project. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wei, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900007 ER PT S AU Wangler, TP AF Wangler, TP BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Linac based proton drivers SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB An overview is presented of modem high-power proton linacs, including a survey of worldwide applications that are presently underway. The recent trend towards RF superconducting linacs is also discussed. We present some preliminary results from the beam-halo experiment recently carried out at Los Alamos. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Wangler, TP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900008 ER PT S AU Weng, WT Roser, T AF Weng, WT Roser, T BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI The AGS high power upgrade plan SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB BNL could provide a Megawatt class neutrino beam from the AGS for very long baseline neutrino experiments. We have studied two possible approaches to upgrade the AGS to 1.0 MW beam power. The first is the linac option, comprising a new superconducting linac injector of 1.2 GeV, accelerating 9 x 10(13) proton per pulse in the AGS to 28 GeV at 2.5 Hz. The second option is to extend the existing 200 MeV linac to 400 MeV, ramp the Booster to 2.5 GeV at 6 Hz, add a new 2.5 GeV accumulator ring in the AGS tunnel, and finally ramp the AGS to 28 GeV at 2.5 Hz. Due to the simplicity of the linac approach and minimum interference with the on going research program, the linac option is the prefer-red one. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Weng, WT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 56 EP 58 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900010 ER PT S AU MacLachlan, JA AF MacLachlan, JA BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Multiparticle dynamics in the E-phi tracking code ESME SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB ESME has developed over a twenty year period from its origins as a program for modeling rf gymnastics to a rather general facility for that fraction of beam dynamics of synchrotrons and storage rings which can be properly treated in the two dimensional longitudinal phase space. The features of this program which serve particularly for multiparticle calculations are described, some uderlying principles are noted, and illustrative results are given. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP MacLachlan, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 68 EP 70 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900014 ER PT S AU Malitsky, N Cameron, P Fedotov, AV Smith, J Wei, J AF Malitsky, N Cameron, P Fedotov, AV Smith, J Wei, J BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Development and applications of the UAL-based SNS ring simulation environment SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB The SNS Ring off-line parallel simulation environment based on the Unified Accelerator Libraries (UAL) has been implemented and used for extensive full-scale beam dynamics studies arising in high-intensity rings. The paper describes the structure of this environment and its application to various high-intensity topics and diagnostics modeling. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Malitsky, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900015 ER PT S AU Dooling, JC Brumwell, FR McMichael, GE AF Dooling, JC Brumwell, FR McMichael, GE BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Diagnostic investigation of tune and tune shift in the IPNS RCS SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB The Intense Pulse Neutron Source (IPNS) Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) accelerates 50 MeV protons to 450 MeV 30 times per second for spallation neutron production. Average current from the RCS has recently exceeded 16 muA with peak instantaneous current approaching 15 A. The RCS makes efficient use of 21 kV of RIF accelerating voltage and uses phase-modulation between the two rf cavities to damp vertical instabilities. Split-ring electrodes in the ring suggest an anomalous tune shift that increases with time in the acceleration cycle. Based on a background gas pressure of 1 muTorr, the neutralization time for the beam is approximately 0.5 ms at injection suggesting the beam becomes fully neutralized relatively quickly in the cycle. Over-neutralization of the beam can lead to a positive tune shift that is presumably incoherent. Studies are underway to characterize the ionization within the RCS using the existing Profile and Position System (PAPS) and a newly installed Retarding Field Analyzer (RFA). Also a newly installed fast, deep-memory digitizing oscilloscope allows the entire history of a single acceleration cycle to be recorded from all four components of the split ring electrodes simultaneously at a rate of 250 MS/s. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dooling, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 77 EP 79 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900017 ER PT S AU Ostiguy, JF Kashikhin, V Makarov, A AF Ostiguy, JF Kashikhin, V Makarov, A BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Magnets for high intensity proton synchrotrons SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Recently, there has been considerable interest at Fermilab for the Proton Driver, a future high intensity proton machine. Various scenarios are under consideration, including a superconducting linac. Each scenario present some special challenges. We describe here the magnets proposed in a recent study, the Proton Driver Study 11, which assumes a conventional warm synchrotron, roughly of the size of the existing FNAL booster, but capable of delivering 380 kW at 8 GeV. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ostiguy, JF (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 83 EP 85 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900019 ER PT S AU Young, LM AF Young, LM BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI RFQ designed to accept beam from a weak focusing LEBT SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB The LEDA RFQ is a 350-MHz continuous-wave (CW) radio-frequency quadrupole linac. LEDA was designed as the full power front-end prototype for the accelerator production of tritium (APT) linac. This machine has accelerated a 100-mA CW proton beam from 75 keV to 6.7 MeV. The 8-m-long RFQ accepts a dc, 75-keV, similar to110-mA H+ beam from the LEDA injector, bunches the beam, and accelerates it to full energy with similar to94% transmission. Output beam power is 670 kW. This RFQ consists of four 2-meter-long RFQs joined with resonant coupling to form an 8-meter-long RFQ. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Young, LM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 105 EP 107 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900025 ER PT S AU Gilpatrick, JD Barr, D Day, LA Kerstiens, DM O'Hara, JF Stettler, M Valdiviez, R Gruchalla, A Kamperschroer, JH AF Gilpatrick, JD Barr, D Day, LA Kerstiens, DM O'Hara, JF Stettler, M Valdiviez, R Gruchalla, A Kamperschroer, JH BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Wide dynamic-range beam-profile instrumentation for a beam-halo measurement: Description and operation SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Within the halo experiment conducted at the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) at Los Alamos National Laboratory, specific beam instruments that acquire horizontally and vertically projected particle-density distributions out to approximately 105:1 dynamic range are located throughout the 52-magnet halo lattice. We measure the core of the distributions using traditional wire scanners, and the tails of the distribution using water-cooled graphite scraping devices. The wire scanner and halo scrapers are mounted on the same moving frame whose location is controlled with stepper motors. A sequence within the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) software communicates with a National Instruments LabVIEW virtual instrument to control the motion and location of the scanner/scraper assembly. Secondary electrons from the wire scanner 0.033-mm carbon wire and protons impinging on the scraper are both detected with a lossy-integrator electronic circuit. Algorithms implemented within EPICS and in Research System's Interactive Data Language subroutines analyze and plot the acquired distributions. This paper describes this beam profile instrument and describes our experience with its operation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gilpatrick, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H808, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 108 EP 110 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900026 ER PT S AU Anderson, J Federwitz, G AF Anderson, J Federwitz, G BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Radiation protection utilizing electronic berms SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Excessive radiation losses from particle beams produce personnel, environmental, and component activation hazards. With the new high intensity fast repetition rate beam lines being constructed at Fermilab, small pulse to pulse losses are a significant concern. This paper presents the proposed design of a total loss monitoring system for the MiniBooNE Project. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 125 EP 129 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900030 ER PT S AU Raparia, D Lee, YY Weng, WT Wei, J AF Raparia, D Lee, YY Weng, WT Wei, J BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Beam transfer lines for the spallation neutron source SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Beam transfer lines for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) are designed to have low beam losses for hand on maintenance while satisfying the facility footprint requirements. There are two main beam transfer lines, High Energy Beam Transport (HEBT) line which connect super conducting linac to the accumulator ring and Ring to Target Beam transport (RTBT) which transfers beam from accumulator ring to the target. HEBT line not only transfer the beam from linac to ring but also prepare beam for ring injection, correct the energy jitter from the linac, provide required energy spread for the ring injection, clean the transverse and longitudinal halo particles from the beam, determine the linac beam quality, and provide the protection to the accumulator ring. RTBT line transport the beam from ring to target while fulfilling the target requirements of beam size, maximum current density, beam moment on the target in case of ring extraction kicker failure, and protect the target from the ring fault conditions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Raparia, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 130 EP 132 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900031 ER PT S AU Kostin, MA Balbekov, VI Mokhov, NV Tang, Z AF Kostin, MA Balbekov, VI Mokhov, NV Tang, Z BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Targetry issues for the Fermilab 2-MW neutrino superbeam SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB The possibility to use various target materials are studied for a 2 MW neutrino superbeam facility that can be built at Fermilab utilizing the Main Injector and a Proton Driver. A simple target solution found is a thick graphite rod taking a broad proton beam. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kostin, MA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 133 EP 135 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900032 ER PT S AU Erdelyi, B Johnstone, C AF Erdelyi, B Johnstone, C BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Tracking of three variants of transition-free lattices for a proton driver SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Transition-free lattices are favored as possible realization of proton drivers. Several variants have been proposed, some of which have considerably different behavior. One of the main quantities used to characterize this behavior is the short term dynamic aperture (DA). In this note we study three different variants of such lattices, and show that the differences in DA among the lattices essentially disappear as soon as magnet multipole errors are included in the simulation. The tracking results can be understood in terms of the normal form based amplitude dependent tune shift and resonance strength coefficients. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Erdelyi, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 220, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 146 EP 149 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900035 ER PT S AU Wei, J Catalan-Lasheras, N Fedotov, A Gardner, CJ Lee, YY Papaphilippou, Y Raparia, D Tsoupas, N Holmes, J AF Wei, J Catalan-Lasheras, N Fedotov, A Gardner, CJ Lee, YY Papaphilippou, Y Raparia, D Tsoupas, N Holmes, J BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Evolution of the spallation neutron source ring lattice SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Requirements of minimum beam loss for hand-on maintenance and flexibility for future operations are essential for the lattice design of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring. During the past seven years, the lattice has evolved from an all-FODO to a FODO/doublet hybrid, the circumference has been increased to accommodate for a higher energy foreseen with a super-conducting RF linac, and the layout has evolved from an alpha- to an Omega-geometry. Extensive studies are performed to determine working points that accommodate injection painting and minimize beam losses due to space charge and resonances. In this paper, we review the evolution of the SNS ring lattice and discuss the rationales. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wei, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 157 EP 159 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900038 ER PT S AU Webber, RC AF Webber, RC BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Fermilab booster operational status: Beam loss and collimation SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Beam loss reduction and control challenges confronting the Fermilab Booster are presented in the context of the current operational status. In Summer 2002 the programmatic demand for 8 GeV protons will increase to 5E20/year. This is an order of magnitude above recent high rates and nearly as many protons as the machine has produced in its entire 30-year lifetime. Catastrophic radiation damage to accelerator components must be avoided, maintenance in an elevated residual radiation environment must be addressed, and operation within a tight safety envelope must be conducted to limit prompt radiation in the buildings and grounds around the Booster. Diagnostic and performance tracking improvements, enhanced orbit control, and a beam loss collimation/localization system are essential elements in the approach to achieving the expected level of performance and are described here. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Webber, RC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 167 EP 169 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900040 ER PT S AU Drozhdin, AI Mokhov, NV AF Drozhdin, AI Mokhov, NV BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Beam collimation and shielding in the Fermilab proton driver SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB A high beam power in the proposed Fermilab Proton Drivers - 1.2 MW in 16-GeV PD-I and 0.48 MW in 8-GeV PD-II - implies serious constraints on beam losses in these machines. Only with a very efficient beam collimation system can one reduce uncontrolled beam losses in the machine to an allowable level. The entire complex must be well shielded to allow acceptable hands-on maintenance conditions in the tunnel and a non-controlled access to the outside shielding at normal operation and accidental beam loss. Collimation and shielding performances are calculated and compared for both Proton Drivers. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Drozhdin, AI (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 180 EP 182 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900044 ER PT S AU Johnson, JO Gallmeier, FX Popova, I AF Johnson, JO Gallmeier, FX Popova, I BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Shielding calculations in support of the spallation neutron source (SNS) proton beam transport system SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Determining the bulk shielding requirements for accelerator environments is generally an easy task compared to analyzing the radiation transport through the complex shield configurations and penetrations typically associated with the detailed Title H design efforts of a facility. Shielding calculations for penetrations in the SNS accelerator environment are presented based on hybrid Monte Carlo and discrete ordinates particle transport methods. This methodology relies on coupling tools that map boundary surface leakage information from the Monte Carlo calculations to boundary sources for one-, two-, and three-dimensional discrete ordinates calculations. The paper will briefly introduce the coupling tools for coupling MCNPX to the one-, two-, and three-dimensional discrete ordinates codes in the DOORS code suite. The paper will briefly present typical applications of these tools in the design of complex shield configurations and penetrations in the SNS proton beam transport system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johnson, JO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6363, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 183 EP 185 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900045 ER PT S AU Gabriel, T Haines, J Riemer, B Spampinato, P McManamy, T Mokhov, N AF Gabriel, T Haines, J Riemer, B Spampinato, P McManamy, T Mokhov, N BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Development of high powered target systems for the spallation neutron source and the Muon Collider/Neutrino factory SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB The purpose and requirements of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and the target area of the Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory are presented. Parts of the technologies that are being utilized to design these facilities are discussed. Emphasis is given to the technology issues that present the greatest scientific challenges. C1 Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Gabriel, T (reprint author), Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 186 EP 188 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900046 ER PT S AU Johnstone, C Koscielniak, S AF Johnstone, C Koscielniak, S BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Rapid acceleration in an FFAG using high-frequency RF SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB When large transverse and longitudinal emittances are to be transported through a circular machine, extremely rapid acceleration holds the advantage that the beam becomes immune to nonlinear resonances because there is insufficient time for amplitudes to build up. Uncooled muon beams exhibit large emittances and require fast acceleration to avoid decay losses and would benefit from this style of acceleration. The approach here employs a fixed-field alternating gradient or FFAG magnet structure and a fixed frequency acceleration system. Acceptance is enhanced by the use only of linear lattice elements, and fixed-frequency rf enables the use of cavities with large shunt resistance and quality factor. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Johnstone, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 220, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900051 ER PT S AU Berg, JS AF Berg, JS BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Longitudinal dynamics in high-frequency FFAG recirculating accelerators SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB A recirculating accelerator accelerates the beam by passing through accelerating cavities multiple times. An FFAG recirculating accelerator uses a single arc to connect the linacs together, as opposed to multiple arcs for the different energies. For most scenarios using high-frequency RF, it is impractical to change the phase of the RF on each pass, at least for lower energy accelerators. Ideally, therefore, the FFAG arc will be isochronous, so that the particles come back to the same phase (on-crest) on each linac pass. However, it is not possible to make the FFAG arcs isochronous (compared to the RF period) over a large energy range. This paper demonstrates that one can nonetheless make an FFAG recirculating accelerator work. Given the arc's path length as a function of energy and the number of turns to accelerate for, one can find the minimum voltage (and corresponding initial conditions) required to accelerate a reference particle to the desired energy. I also briefly examine how the longitudinal acceptance varies with the number of turns that one accelerates. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11961 USA. RP Berg, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 901A,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11961 USA. RI Berg, Joseph/E-8371-2014 OI Berg, Joseph/0000-0002-5955-6973 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 213 EP 215 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900052 ER PT S AU Stupakov, GV AF Stupakov, GV BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Using beam echo to recover transverse emittance SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB If a beam is injected into the ring with an offset a, it undergoes betatron oscillation. After the oscillation decoheres, the beam transverse emittance increases by Deltaepsilon. To avoid this emittance increase one typically uses a feedback (damper) that takes out the oscillation before it damps down. We show that using echo one can recover a fraction of Deltaepsilon long after the beam oscillation decoheres. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stupakov, GV (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 220 EP 222 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900053 ER PT S AU Koba, K Steimel, J AF Koba, K Steimel, J BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Slip stacking SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB We have started beam studies for 'slip stacking'[1] in the Main Injector in order to increase proton intensity on a target for anti-proton production. It has been verified that the system for slip stacking is working with low intensity beam. For a high intensity operation, we are developing a feedback[2][3] and feedforward system. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Koba, K (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 223 EP 225 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900054 ER PT S AU Ng, KY AF Ng, KY BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Doubling main injector beam intensity using RF barriers SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Using rf barriers, 12 booster batches can be injected into the Fermilab Main Injector continuously, thus doubling the usual beam intensity. After that, adiabatic capture of the beam into 53 MHz buckets can be accomplished in about 10 ms. The beam loading voltages in the rf cavities are small and they can be eliminated by a combination of counterphasing and mechanical shorts. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. RP Ng, KY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 226 EP 228 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900055 ER PT S AU Bhat, CM AF Bhat, CM BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Barrier buckets in the Fermilab Recycler Ring SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB The Fermilab Recycler Ring is an 8GeV permanent magnet antiproton storage ring. It is equipped with a wide-band rf system to produce barrier buckets of any shape. We report here on some beam dynamics simulation studies and beam experiments carried out using the barrier rf system in the Recycler Ring. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Beams Div, MI RR Dept, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bhat, CM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Beams Div, MI RR Dept, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 229 EP 231 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900056 ER PT S AU Ankenbrandt, C MacLachlan, J Popovic, M Johnson, RP AF Ankenbrandt, C MacLachlan, J Popovic, M Johnson, RP BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI A Linac afterburner to supercharge the Fermilab booster SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB A Linac Afterburner is proposed to raise the energy of the beam injected into the Fermilab Booster from 400 MeV to about 600 MeV, thereby alleviating the longitudinal and transverse space-charge effects at low energy that currently limit its performance. The primary motivation is to increase the integrated luminosity of the Tevatron Collider in Run H, but other future programs would also reap substantial benefits. The estimated cost is $23M. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ankenbrandt, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900057 ER PT S AU Holmes, JA Danilov, V Galambos, J Shishlo, A Cousineau, S Chou, W Michelotti, L Ostiguy, JF Wei, J AF Holmes, JA Danilov, V Galambos, J Shishlo, A Cousineau, S Chou, W Michelotti, L Ostiguy, JF Wei, J BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI ORBIT: A code for collective beam dynamics in high-intensity rings SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB We are developing a computer code, ORBIT, specifically for beam dynamics calculations in high-intensity rings. Our approach allows detailed simulation of realistic accelerator problems. ORBIT is a particle-in-cell tracking code that transports bunches of interacting paiticles through a series of nodes representing elements, effects, or diagnostics that occur in the accelerator lattice. At present, ORBIT contains detailed models for strip-foil injection, including painting and foil scattering; rf focusing and acceleration; transport through various magnetic elements; longitudinal and transverse impedances; longitudinal, transverse, and three-dimensional space charge forces; collimation and limiting apertures; and the calculation of many useful diagnostic quantities. ORBIT is an object-oriented code, written in C++ and utilizing a scripting interface for the convenience of the user. Ongoing improvements include the addition of a library of accelerator maps, BEAMLINE/MXYZPTLK; the introduction of a treatment of magnet errors and fringe fields; the conversion of the scripting interface to the standard scripting language, Python; and the parallelization of the computations using MPI. The ORBIT code is an open source, powerful, and convenient tool for studying beam dynamics in high-intensity rings. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Holmes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900058 ER PT S AU Luccio, AU D'Imperio, NL AF Luccio, AU D'Imperio, NL BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Progress of space charge calculation in the code ORBIT SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB The code ORBIT [1] has been designed for PIC tracking of beam in a high intensity hadron synchrotron. In the code, space charge forces are continuously calculated and applied to the individual macro particles as momentum and energy kicks. Space charge solvers in the code, as developed at Brookhaven are described. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Luccio, AU (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 253 EP 255 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900061 ER PT S AU Dudnikov, V AF Dudnikov, V BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI High brightness negative ion sources with high emission current density SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Through the development of Charge Exchange Injection [1] and Surface Plasma Sources (SPS) with Cesium Catalysis [2,3,4,5] the possibility for the accumulation of a high brightness proton beam in circular accelerators was increased greatly, and now it is more than sufficient for all real applications. The combination of the SPS with charge-exchange injection improved large accelerators operation and has permitted beam accumulation up to space-charge limit and overcome this limit several times [6]. In this note an attention is concentrated on the seldom-discussed distinctive features of high brightness beam formation in noiseless regimes of negative ion source operation. Beam quality enhancement up to the level j/T > l A/cm(2)eV is possible by optimization of negative ion generation, extraction, and transportation in SPS with cesium catalysis. Advanced version of the SPS for accelerators will be described. Features of negative ion beam formation, transportation, space-charge neutralization-overneutralization, and instability damping will be considered. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dudnikov, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 273 EP 275 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900065 ER PT S AU Keller, R Thomae, RW Stockli, MP Welton, RF AF Keller, R Thomae, RW Stockli, MP Welton, RF BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Status of the SNSH- ion source and low-energy beam transport system SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB The ion source and Low-Energy Transport (LEBT) system that will provide H- ion beams to the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)** Front End and the accelerator chain have been developed into a mature unit that will satisfy the operational needs through the commissioning and early operating phases of SNS. The ion source was derived from the SSC ion source, and many of its original features have been improved to achieve reliable operation at 6% duty factor, producing beam currents up to the 50-mA range. The LEBT utilizes purely electrostatic focusing and includes static beam-steering elements and a pre-chopper. This paper discusses the latest design features of the ion source and LEBT as well as some future improvements, gives performance data for the integrated system, and reports on commissioning results obtained with the SNS RFQ accelerator. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keller, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 276 EP 278 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900066 ER PT S AU Alessi, JG AF Alessi, JG BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Performance of the magnetron H- source on the BNL 200 MeV Linac SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB A magnetron surface plasma H- ion source has been used at Brookhaven since 1982 for injection into the 200 MeV linac. Since 1989, this source has operated with a circular aperture, injecting into an RFQ. The source typically produces 90-100 mA of H- at 35 keV, in 700 mus pulses at up to 10 Hz. The arc parameters are similar to15 A, 150 V, and the extracted e/H- ratio is 1/2. Ions are extracted from a 2.8 mm diameter aperture (J = 1.6 A/cm(2)). The emittance is approximately epsilon(n, rms) = 0.4 pi mm mrad. The performance is very reliable, operating continuously for similar to6 months, with essentially no parameter adjustments required once the source is stabilized. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Alessi, JG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 279 EP 281 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900067 ER PT S AU Sherman, JD Ingalls, WB Rouleau, G Smith, HV AF Sherman, JD Ingalls, WB Rouleau, G Smith, HV BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Review of scaled Penning H- surface plasma source with slit emitters for high duty factor Linacs SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB The Penning H- surface plasma source (SPS) has been used at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) for 20 years to provide the required H- beams for charge-exchange injection into the 800-MeV proton synchrotron on the ISIS spallation neutron source. The RAL source is based on the first H- Penning SPS operated at Los Alamos. Since that original technology exchange, Los Alamos has developed scaled-up versions of the Penning H- SPS with the goal of extending the H- beam duty factor (df) while maintaining high beam brightness. A 250-mA H- beam with rms normalized emittance of < 0.3 (pimm-mrad) in both transverse planes has been extracted from a 4X scaled Penning source at a discharge df of 0.5%. Using discharge scaling laws and the 250 mA H- current results, it is predicted that a 4X Penning H- SPS with a slit emitter would be capable of producing > 100-mA, low emittance H- beams in the 5% df range. A source with these parameters would be suitable for the European Spallation Source (ESS) and other high-power proton driver projects. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sherman, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 288 EP 292 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900070 ER PT S AU Ng, KY AF Ng, KY BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Induction inserts at the Los Alamos PSR SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Ferrite-loaded induction tuners installed in the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring have been successful in compensating space-charge effects. However, the resistive part of the ferrite introduces unacceptable microwave instability and severe bunch lengthening. An effective cure was found by heating the ferrite cores up to similar to 130degreesC. An understanding of the instability and cure is presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. RP Ng, KY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 310 EP 312 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900075 ER PT S AU Harkay, KC Rosenberg, RA Macek, RJ Browman, A Wang, TS AF Harkay, KC Rosenberg, RA Macek, RJ Browman, A Wang, TS BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Electron cloud effects at positron/electron (e(+)/e(-)) machines and electron cloud diagnostics SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK AB Background electrons are ubiquitous in high-intensity particle accelerators. Under certain operating conditions, amplification of the electron cloud can occur. The beam-cloud interaction can seriously degrade the accelerator performance with effects that range from vacuum degradation to collective beam instabilities. Although electron cloud effects (ECEs) were first observed 20 years ago in a proton ring, in recent years, they have been widely observed and intensely studied in e+/e- rings. This paper will focus on describing electron cloud diagnostics, which have led to an enhanced understanding of ECEs, especially details of beam-induced multipacting and saturation of the cloud. Such experimental results can be used to provide realistic limits on key input parameters for modeling efforts. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Harkay, KC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 354 EP 356 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900085 ER PT S AU Dudnikov, V AF Dudnikov, V BE Chou, W Mori, Y Neuffer, D Ostiguy, JF TI Condition for production of circulating proton beam with intensity greater than space charge limit SO HIGH INTENSITY AND HIGH BRIGHTNESS HADRON BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th ICFA International Beam Dynamics Workshop on High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams (ICFA-HB2002) CY APR 08-12, 2002 CL BATAVIA, IL SP Fermilab, ICFA, KEK ID ION INSTABILITY AB Transverse e-p instability in the proton rings could be damped by increase a beam density and the rate of secondary particles generation above a threshold level, corresponded a decrease of the unstable wavelength lambda below a transverse beam size h(increase a beam density n(b) and ion density n(i) above a threshold level: n(b) + n(i) > beta(2) /r(e) h(2,); r(e) = e(2)/mc(2)). In high current proton rings is possible to reach this "Island of stability" by fast, concentrated charge exchange injection without painting and enhanced generation of secondary plasma as it was demonstrated in small scale PSR at BINP [1]. After damping of e-p instability has been accumulated a circulating proton beam with intensity, corresponding a tune shift Deltav=0.85x6 in the ring with v=0.85. Experimental observations of a transverse instability of proton beams in different accelerators and storage rings will be discussed. The methods of instability damping will be considered. These experimental dates could be useful for verification of computer simulation tools developed for investigation of space charge and instabilities in realistic conditions [4,5]. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dudnikov, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0097-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 642 BP 367 EP 369 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BV68Q UT WOS:000179770900089 ER PT S AU Hess, WP Joly, AG Beck, KM Dickinson, JT AF Hess, WP Joly, AG Beck, KM Dickinson, JT BE Phipps, CR TI Time-resolved femtosecond laser Desorption from wide band-gap single crystals SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation IV CY APR 22-26, 2002 CL TAOS, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USAF Windows Sci Program DE Laser desorption; femtosecond time-resolved; ionic crystals; ultrafast. ID ELECTRON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; POSITIVE-ION EMISSION; ALKALI-HALIDES; HOLE PAIRS; SURFACE; MGO; EXCITONS; KBR; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION AB We have used femtosecond laser pulse pairs to measure the positive ion yield, from wide band-gap single crystals, as a function of time-delay between pulses. Two-pulse correlation allows direct observation of solid state and surface dynamics on an ultrafast timescale. The ion yield, from 265 nm irradiated MgO and KBr, depends critically on the time delay between two sub-threshold pulses. For example, the Mg+ desorption yield displays three distinct features; a coherence peak, followed by rise, and decay features. In contrast, the yield of K+ from KBr displays only the coherence peak and picosecond decay features. The data suggest, that although the nanosecond ion desorption mechanism is dominated by defect photoabsorption, significant electron-hole pair production may contribute to the desorption mechanism following femtosecond excitation. Nanosecond photoexcitation of KBr near 6.4 eV leads to desorption of hyperthermal neutral bromine atoms without a significant thermal velocity component. Two-photon femtosecond excitation at 3.2 eV produces very similar results. Multiphoton femtosecond excitation provides an efficient excitation mechanism of the wide-gap material. These results are likely general for ionic crystals and are consistent with a recently described theoretical model. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hess, WP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4524-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4760 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1117/12.482101 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV52U UT WOS:000179254400035 ER PT S AU Roos, E Benterou, J Lee, R Roeske, F Stuart, B AF Roos, E Benterou, J Lee, R Roeske, F Stuart, B BE Phipps, CR TI Femtosecond laser interaction with energetic materials SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation IV CY APR 22-26, 2002 CL TAOS, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USAF Windows Sci Program DE laser ablations; femtosecond lasers; explosives and propellants AB Femtosecond laser ablation shows promise in machining energetic materials into desired shapes with minimal thermal and mechanical effects to the remaining material. We will discuss the physical effects associated with machining energetic materials and assemblies containing energetic materials, based on experimental results. Interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with matter will produce high temperature plasma at high-pressure which results in the ablation of material. In the case of energetic material, which includes high explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics, this ablation process must be accomplished without coupling energy into the energetic material. Experiments were conducted in order to characterize and better understand the phenomena of femtosecond laser pulse ablation on a variety of explosives and propellants. Experimental data will be presented for laser fluence thresholds, machining rates, cutting depths and surface quality of the cuts. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roos, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Stuart, Brent/K-4988-2015 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4524-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4760 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1117/12.482111 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV52U UT WOS:000179254400045 ER PT S AU Mao, XL Mao, SS Russo, RE AF Mao, XL Mao, SS Russo, RE BE Phipps, CR TI Femtosecond time resolved studies of laser, ablation SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation IV CY APR 22-26, 2002 CL TAOS, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USAF Windows Sci Program DE laser ablation; femtosecond; electrons; plasma; nonlinear optics. ID SUPERCONDUCTOR THIN-FILMS; PULSES; EVAPORATION AB Laser ablation has proven to be an important technology in an increasing number of applications. The fundamental mechanisms underlying laser ablation processes are quite complicated, and include laser interactions with the target as well as plasma development off the target. While substantial progress has been achieved in understanding laser ablation on the nanosecond and picosecond time scales, it remains a considerable challenge to elucidate the underlying mechanisms during femtosecond laser ablation. We present experimental observations of plasma development inside silica glass during single femtosecond laser pulse (100 fs, 800 nm) irradiation. Using a femtosecond time-resolved imaging technique, we measured the evolution of a laser-induced plasma inside the glass that has an electron number density on the order of 10(19) cm(-3). Additionally, we observed an air plasma outside the target which forms long before the explosion of a material vapor plume. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, XL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4524-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4760 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1117/12.482113 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV52U UT WOS:000179254400047 ER PT S AU Lu, QM Mao, SS Mao, XL Russo, RE AF Lu, QM Mao, SS Mao, XL Russo, RE BE Phipps, CR TI A thermal model of phase explosion for high power laser ablation SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation IV CY APR 22-26, 2002 CL TAOS, NM SP SPIE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USAF Windows Sci Program DE laser ablation; phase explosion; plasma; theoretical model. ID SILICON; PULSE AB . Although laser ablation of solid materials is finding applications in a growing number of fields, the basic mechanisms underlying laser ablation processes have not been fully understood. One fundamental parameter for high-power laser ablation applications is the ablation depth resulting from the interaction of individual laser pulses. The ablation depth for laser ablation of single-crystal silicon shows a dramatic increase at a laser intensity threshold of approximately 20 GW/cm(2). Above this threshold, micron-sized particulates have been observed to eject from the target surface. We present an analysis of this threshold phenomenon and demonstrate that thermal diffusion and subsequent explosive boiling after the completion of laser irradiation is a possible mechanism to describe the observed dramatic increase of the ablation depth. Calculations based on this delayed phase explosion model provide a satisfactory estimate of the measurements. In addition, we find that the shielding of an expanding mass plasma during laser irradiation plays an important role on this threshold phenomenon. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lu, QM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4524-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4760 BP 959 EP 964 DI 10.1117/12.482050 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV52U UT WOS:000179254400098 ER PT S AU Carrano, CJ AF Carrano, CJ BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Restaino, SR Tyson, R TI Speckle imaging over horizontal paths SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices and Applications IV CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE horizontal-path imaging; slant-path imaging; bispectral speckle imaging; extended scene reconstruction AB Atmospheric aberrations reduce the resolution and contrast in surveillance images recorded over horizontal or slant paths. This paper describes our recent horizontal and slant-path imaging experiments of extended scenes as well as the results obtained using speckle imaging. The experiments were performed with an 8-inch diameter telescope placed on either a rooftop or hillside and cover ranges of interest from 0.5 km up to 10 km. The scenery includes resolution targets, people, vehicles, and other structures. The improvement in image quality using speckle imaging is dramatic in many cases, and depends significantly upon the atmospheric conditions. We quantify resolution improvement through modulation transfer function measurement comparisons. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carrano, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4593-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4825 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1117/12.453519 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV91Q UT WOS:000180379800014 ER PT B AU Singhal, SC AF Singhal, SC BE Singhal, SC TI Zirconia electrolyte based fuel cells SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Materials CY MAY 13-15, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div ID FILMS AB The high oxide ion conductivity over wide ranges of temperature and oxygen pressures in stabilized zirconia has led to its use as a solid oxide electrolyte in a variety of electrochemical applications. These include high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) which offer a clean, low-pollution technology to electrochemically generate electricity at high efficiencies. These fuel cells provide many advantages over traditional energy conversion systems including high efficiency, reliability, modularity, fuel adaptability, and very low levels of NOx and SOx emissions. Quite, vibration-free operation of SOFCs also eliminates noise usually associated with conventional power generation systems. Furthermore, because of their high operation temperature (800-1000degreesC), some hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas can either be utilized directly or reformed within the cell stack eliminating the need for an expensive, external reformer. Also, pressurized SOFCs can be integrated with gas turbines and such hybrid power systems are expected to reach efficiencies approaching 75%. This paper reviews the current status of the solid oxide fuel cell technology for use in stationary power generation systems and transportation auxiliary power units. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Singhal, SC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-371-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 5 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW03B UT WOS:000180671700006 ER PT B AU Brosha, EL Mukundan, R Brown, DR Garzon, FH AF Brosha, EL Mukundan, R Brown, DR Garzon, FH BE Singhal, SC TI Growth of La0.8Sr0.2CrO3 thin films from a fluoride sputtering process SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Materials CY MAY 13-15, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; OXIDE ELECTRODE; SENSOR; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR AB Dense, thin films of La0.8Sr0.2CrO3 were prepared on fully stabilized yttria-doped zirconia, sapphire, and polycrystalline substrates using 90 off axis magnetron sputtering from a stoichiometric LaF3/SrF2/Cr composite target in an Ar atmosphere. Dense, intimately mixed films of LaF3/SrF2/Cr were grown at both ambient sputter temperature and at 400 C with the films deposited at higher temperature exhibiting better adhesion to the substrate. Sputtering rates were typically in the range of 1500 to 2000 Angstrom/hr. Subsequent anneal at 800degreesC in a H2O/Ar atmosphere converted the films to single-phase La0.8Sr0.2CrO3. The room-temperature deposition of LaF3/SrF2/Cr composite precursor film permitted the patterning of electrodes for high-temperature electrochemical HC/CO gas sensors that operate using a mixed potential response mechanism. Thin films grown on polycrystalline Al2O3 were used to obtain four-point electronic conductivity measurements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Electrochem Mat & Devies Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brosha, EL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Electrochem Mat & Devies Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-371-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 5 BP 116 EP 123 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW03B UT WOS:000180671700014 ER PT B AU Mukundan, R Brosha, EL Garzon, FH AF Mukundan, R Brosha, EL Garzon, FH BE Singhal, SC TI Applications of proton conducting perovskites SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Materials CY MAY 13-15, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div ID HYDROGEN PUMP; BACEO3 AB Proton conducting perovskites are unique oxide materials that transport protons at elevated temperatures (400-1000degreesC). Their high operating temperature combined with their excellent selectivity for proton transport makes these oxides attractive candidates for use as hydrogen separation membranes. The critical factors that affect the application of these materials in separating the useful hydrogen fuel in fossil fuels from the waste carbon dioxide are discussed. Our studies reveal that only the zirconate-based perovskites have the necessary stability for this type of application and moreover the experimental data on 1 mm thick electrolyte discs indicates that thin film (<10mum) membrane reactors will have to be fabricated to achieve practically useful fluxes of H-2. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mukundan, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-371-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 5 BP 142 EP 147 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW03B UT WOS:000180671700017 ER PT B AU Garzon, FH Brosha, EL Mukundan, R AF Garzon, FH Brosha, EL Mukundan, R BE Singhal, SC TI The evolution of high temperature electrochemical gas sensors SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Materials CY MAY 13-15, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div ID SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; OXYGEN SENSORS; MONOXIDE AB Gas sensor technology based on high temperature solid. electrolytes is maturing rapidly. Recent advances in metal oxide catalysis and thin film materials science have enabled the design of new electrochemical sensors. We have demonstrated prototype amperometric oxygen sensors, Nernstian potentiometric oxygen sensors that operate in high sulfur environments, and hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide sensing mixed potential sensors. Many of these devices exhibit part per million sensitivities, response times on the order of seconds, and excellent long-term stability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Electrochem Mat & Device Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garzon, FH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Electrochem Mat & Device Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-371-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 5 BP 157 EP 168 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW03B UT WOS:000180671700019 ER PT J AU Haynes, WM Sengers, JV Jacobsen, RT Friend, DG AF Haynes, WM Sengers, JV Jacobsen, RT Friend, DG TI History of the Symposium on Thermophysical Properties SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article AB The Symposium on Thermophysical Properties represents a series of conferences that started in 1959 at Purdue University, which at that time was the home of the Thermophysical Properties Research Center (TPRC) founded by Professor Yeram S Touloukian. The K-7 Standing Committee on Thermophysical Properties of the Heat Transfer Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers retains responsibility for the organization of the Symposium; the National Institute of Standards and Technology provides institutional support and sponsorship of the Symposium. The Symposium has been convened approximately every three years since 1959, with the Fourteenth Symposium held most recently in 2000 at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. The significance of Touloukian's contributions to the Symposium was recognized by the establishment of the Yeram S Touloukian Award that is presented at the Symposium for outstanding technical contributions in the field of thermophysical properties. The Symposium is concerned with the theoretical, experimental, and applied aspects of the thermophysical properties of gases, liquids, and solids. Such topics as thermodynamic properties, transport properties, optical and thermal radiative properties, interfacial properties, and data correlation are covered in the program of the Symposium. This paper provides summaries of the fourteen symposia held from 1959 to 2000; there is a focus on the multi-disciplinary nature of the conference and a discussion on the impact of the Symposium on many other fields of research and on industry. The initial purpose of the Symposium was to provide a forum for the presentation and exchange of thermophysical properties data and information. The Symposium still serves this purpose on an international level, along with the other major thermophysical properties conferences in Europe and Asia. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Haynes, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0018-1544 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1068/htjr038 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 558JG UT WOS:000175962100013 ER PT S AU Waite, JH Clarke, JT Walker, RJ Connerney, JEP McComas, D Riley, P Lewis, WS AF Waite, JH Clarke, JT Walker, RJ Connerney, JEP McComas, D Riley, P Lewis, WS BE Rickman, H TI Jupiter's aurora: Solar wind and rotational influences SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 12 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Waite, JH (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RI Clarke, John/C-8644-2013; connerney, john/I-5127-2013; OI connerney, jack/0000-0001-7478-6462 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-086-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2002 VL 12 BP 606 EP 606 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV30K UT WOS:000178493500156 ER PT S AU Gibbard, SG Macintosh, BA Max, CE Roe, H de Pater, I Young, EF McKay, CP AF Gibbard, SG Macintosh, BA Max, CE Roe, H de Pater, I Young, EF McKay, CP BE Rickman, H TI The surface of Titan from adaptive optics observations SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 12 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 07-18, 2000 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP Int Astron Union C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gibbard, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-086-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2002 VL 12 BP 629 EP 629 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV30K UT WOS:000178493500164 ER PT S AU Hyde, R Dixit, S Weisberg, A Rushford, M AF Hyde, R Dixit, S Weisberg, A Rushford, M BE MacEwen, HA TI Eyeglass: A very large aperture diffractive space telescope SO HIGHLY INNOVATIVE SPACE TELESCOPE CONCEPTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Highly Innovative Space Telescope Concepts CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union AB Eyeglass is a very large aperture (25 - 100 meter) space telescope consisting of two distinct spacecraft, separated in space by several kilometers. A diffractive lens provides the telescope's large aperture, and a separate, much smaller, space telescope serves as its mobile eyepiece. Use of a transmissive diffractive lens solves two basic problems associated with very large aperture space telescopes; it is inherently fieldable (lightweight and flat, hence packagable and deployable) and virtually eliminates the traditional, very tight, surface shape tolerances faced by reflecting apertures. The potential drawback to use of a diffractive primary (very narrow spectral bandwidth) is eliminated by corrective optics in the telescope's eyepiece. The Eyeglass can provide diffraction-limited imaging with either single-band, multiband, or continuous spectral coverage. Broadband diffractive telescopes have been built at LLNL and have demonstrated diffraction-limited performance over a 40% spectral bandwidth (0.48 - 0.72 mum). As one approach to package a large aperture for launch, a foldable lens has been built and demonstrated. A 75 cm aperture diffractive lens was constructed from 6 panels of 1 mm thick silica; it achieved diffraction-limited performance both before and after folding. This multiple panel, folding lens, approach is currently being scaled-up at LLNL. We are building a 5 meter aperture foldable lens, involving 72 panels of 700 mum thick glass sheets, diffractively patterned to operate as coherent f/50 lens. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hyde, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4628-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4849 BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.460420 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV96Y UT WOS:000180549200004 ER PT S AU Lampton, M Akerlof, C Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Barrelet, E Bebek, C Bergstrom, L Bercovitz, J Bernstein, G Bester, M Bonissent, A Bower, C Carithers, W Commins, E Day, C Deustua, S DiGennaro, R Ealet, A Ellis, R Eriksson, M Fruchter, A Genat, JF Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Harris, S Harvey, P Heetderks, H Holland, S Huterer, D Karcher, A Kim, A Kolbe, W Krieger, B Lafever, R Lamoureux, J Levi, M Levin, D Linder, E Loken, S Malina, R Massey, R McKay, T McKee, S Miquel, R Mortsell, E Mostek, N Mufson, S Musser, J Nugent, P Oluseyi, H Pain, R Palaio, N Pankow, D Perlmutter, S Pratt, R Prieto, E Refregier, A Rhodes, J Robinson, K Roe, N Sholl, M Schubnell, M Smadja, G Smoot, G Spadafora, A Tarle, G Tomasch, A von der Lippe, H Vincent, R Walder, JP Wang, G AF Lampton, M Akerlof, C Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Barrelet, E Bebek, C Bergstrom, L Bercovitz, J Bernstein, G Bester, M Bonissent, A Bower, C Carithers, W Commins, E Day, C Deustua, S DiGennaro, R Ealet, A Ellis, R Eriksson, M Fruchter, A Genat, JF Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Harris, S Harvey, P Heetderks, H Holland, S Huterer, D Karcher, A Kim, A Kolbe, W Krieger, B Lafever, R Lamoureux, J Levi, M Levin, D Linder, E Loken, S Malina, R Massey, R McKay, T McKee, S Miquel, R Mortsell, E Mostek, N Mufson, S Musser, J Nugent, P Oluseyi, H Pain, R Palaio, N Pankow, D Perlmutter, S Pratt, R Prieto, E Refregier, A Rhodes, J Robinson, K Roe, N Sholl, M Schubnell, M Smadja, G Smoot, G Spadafora, A Tarle, G Tomasch, A von der Lippe, H Vincent, R Walder, JP Wang, G BE MacEwen, HA TI SNAP telescope SO HIGHLY INNOVATIVE SPACE TELESCOPE CONCEPTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Highly Innovative Space Telescope Concepts CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE three-mirror telescopes; space astronomy; wide-field imaging ID MULTIBAND IMAGING-SYSTEM; SUPERNOVAE AB The SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) mission will require a two-meter class telescope delivering diffraction limited images spanning a one degree field in the visible and near infrared wavelength regime. This requirement, equivalent to nearly one billion pixel resolution, places stringent demands on its optical system in terms of field flatness, image quality, and freedom from chromatic aberration. We discuss the advantages of annular-field three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) telescopes for applications such as SNAP, and describe the features of the specific optical configuration that we have baselined for the SNAP mission. We discuss the mechanical design and choice of materials for the telescope. Then we present detailed ray traces and diffraction calculations for our baseline optical design. We briefly discuss stray light and tolerance issues, and present a preliminary wavefront error budget for the SNAP Telescope. We conclude by describing some of tasks to be carried out during the upcoming SNAP research and development phase. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lampton, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013; OI malina, roger/0000-0003-3399-3865; Massey, Richard/0000-0002-6085-3780 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4628-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4849 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1117/12.460074 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BV96Y UT WOS:000180549200022 ER PT B AU Kolb, EW AF Kolb, EW BE Martinez, VJ Trimble, V PonsBorderia, MJ TI Cosmology at the start of a new century SO HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN COSMOLOGY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Summer School on Historical Development of Modern Cosmology CY SEP 18-22, 2000 CL UNIV INT MENENDEZ PELAYO, VALENCIA, SPAIN SP Univ Valencia Cinc Segles, Gen Valenciana, Conselleria Cultura, Educ Ciencia, Minist Ciencia Tecnol HO UNIV INT MENENDEZ PELAYO ID DARK-MATTER; UNIVERSE; SUPERNOVAE AB Remarkable 20th-century cosmological discoveries and theoretical ideas led to the development of the present cosmological "standard model." In this lecture I will focus on one of the more recent ideas that may now be regarded as part of the framework of the standard big-bang model; namely, that structure in the universe results from the growth of small seed density fluctuations produced during the inflationary universe. In order to complete this picture, I will also discuss the idea that the present mass density is dominated by dark matter and that there is now a preponderance of dark energy. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kolb, EW (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-092-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 252 BP 295 EP 307 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU65X UT WOS:000176629900019 ER PT S AU Causey, RA Venhaus, TJ AF Causey, RA Venhaus, TJ BE Hassanein, A TI Hydrogen isotopes retention in fusion reactor plasma-facing materials: An abbreviated review SO HYDROGEN AND HELIUM RECYCLING AT PLASMA FACING MATERIALS SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International NATO Advanced Workshop on Hydrogen Isotope Recycling at Plasma Facing Materials in Fusion Reactors CY AUG 22-24, 2001 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP NATO HO ARGONNE NATL LAB ID HIGH FLUENCES; CARBON-FILMS; DEUTERIUM; BERYLLIUM; TUNGSTEN; GRAPHITE; CARBONIZATION; CODEPOSITION; SOLUBILITY; BEHAVIOR AB Fusion reactor design requires an understanding of the tritium retention and recycling properties of the plasma-facing materials. After many years of research, a basic understanding of these proper-ties for materials such as beryllium, carbon, and tungsten has been achieved. This report is an abbreviated review of these properties. The most widely accepted values (in the opinion of the authors) for diffusivity, solubility, recombination rate coefficient, and trapping parameters for each of the above materials is given. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Causey, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM causey@sandia.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-0512-1; 1-4020-0511-3 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2002 VL 54 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BU59W UT WOS:000176465500001 ER PT B AU Brooks, JN AF Brooks, JN BE Hassanein, A TI Recent progress in tritium codeposition modeling SO HYDROGEN AND HELIUM RECYCLING AT PLASMA FACING MATERIALS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International NATO Advanced Workshop on Hydrogen Isotope Recycling at Plasma Facing Materials in Fusion Reactors CY AUG 22-24, 2001 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP NATO HO ARGONNE NATL LAB ID CHEMICAL EROSION; BERYLLIUM; DIVERTOR; REDEPOSITION; HYDROGEN; GRAPHITE; CARBON; IMPACT AB Tritium codeposition in sputtered and redeposited surface layers may be a critical issue for next generation tokamak fusion reactors. We review recent codeposition/erosion code/model improvements, and calculations. Updated models for carbon include chemical sputtering yields, sputtered hydrocarbon species, and atomic and molecular processes. Calculations show that a carbon coated divertor with a semi or fully-detached plasma may behave poorly, with predicted codeposition rates of order 10 gT/1000s pulse, and peak net erosion rates of order 10 nm/s. Other materials such as beryllium, tungsten, lithium, or carbon with a non-detached plasma regime, look better. Outstanding research issues include reflection/sticking properties of redeposited carbon/hydrocarbon particles, possible flux dependence of chemical sputtering, and dopant effects. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brooks, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0511-3 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 54 BP 17 EP 25 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BU59W UT WOS:000176465500003 ER PT B AU Jacobson, LA Babun, AV Bondarenko, VN Konovalov, G Papirov, II Ryzhkov, IV Shapoval, AN Shtan, AF Solodovchenko, SI Vasil'Ev, AA Voitsenya, VS Bardamid, AF Belyayeva, AI Galuza, AA AF Jacobson, LA Babun, AV Bondarenko, VN Konovalov, G Papirov, II Ryzhkov, IV Shapoval, AN Shtan, AF Solodovchenko, SI Vasil'Ev, AA Voitsenya, VS Bardamid, AF Belyayeva, AI Galuza, AA BE Hassanein, A TI The effect of deuterium ion bombardment on the optical properties of beryllium mirrors SO HYDROGEN AND HELIUM RECYCLING AT PLASMA FACING MATERIALS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International NATO Advanced Workshop on Hydrogen Isotope Recycling at Plasma Facing Materials in Fusion Reactors CY AUG 22-24, 2001 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP NATO HO ARGONNE NATL LAB C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobson, LA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0511-3 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 54 BP 27 EP 34 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BU59W UT WOS:000176465500004 ER PT B AU Hassanein, A AF Hassanein, A BE Hassanein, A TI Helium entrapment in liquid metal plasma-facing surfaces in tokamak fusion reactors SO HYDROGEN AND HELIUM RECYCLING AT PLASMA FACING MATERIALS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International NATO Advanced Workshop on Hydrogen Isotope Recycling at Plasma Facing Materials in Fusion Reactors CY AUG 22-24, 2001 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP NATO HO ARGONNE NATL LAB AB The ability to use liquids as plasma-facing components (PFCs) surfaces depends on their interaction with the plasma and the strong magnetic field. One important issue for the moving liquid is the ability to entrain particles that strike the surface while accommodating high heat loads. Particle entrapment could determine the viability of specific liquid candidates as successful renewable PFC surfaces. To study this problem, an analytical model is developed and implemented using the HEIGHTS package that takes into account the kinetics of particle injection, motion and interactions with the liquid lattice, and the ultimate release from the surface. An important question is whether He can also be pumped by the liquid rather than using the standard vacuum system approach. Impinging He particles at the low density at PFCs may be harder to pump using the standard pumping techniques. We find, in this analysis, a reasonable chance of adequate helium trapping in flowing lithium as PFC. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0511-3 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2002 VL 54 BP 83 EP 94 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BU59W UT WOS:000176465500009 ER PT J AU Salve, R Tokunaga, TK AF Salve, R Tokunaga, TK TI Seepage response along an alluvial valley in a semi-arid catchment in north-central California SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE subsurface hydrology; recharge; seepage; exfiltration ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE; AREA; STEEP; ZONE AB Over a period of 12 months, soil moisture content and potential was monitored in an annual-grass-dominated 20 ha catchment in order to determine flow paths leading to exfiltration at the catchment outlet. Water was found to enter the catchment valley either through flow originating in the slopes or through surface infiltration during rainfall events. Although subsurface flow from the slopes to the catchment outlet occurred throughout the year, surface recharge was restricted to a few events during the wet season. In the deeper saturated profile of the valley, now was directed upwards along the valley edges and gradually became horizontal towards the central axis of the valley. During the peak of the rainfall season, horizontal flow close to the catchment outlet intercepted the gradually sloping surface, resulting in exfiltration. Plants influenced the hydrology of the catchment by removing moisture from the root zone during spring and early summer, resulting in evapotranspiration losses from the vadose zone. Heterogeneities within the valley soil were evident as variable-permeability layers that resulted in a seasonally confined water table within the valley. This investigation shows that the vadose zone plays an important role in redistributing surface recharge and emphasizes the importance of accounting for effective moisture in low-yielding catchments with ephemeral surface runoff. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salve, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Mail Stop 14-116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 65 EP 86 DI 10.1002/hyp.285 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 517GZ UT WOS:000173603900004 ER PT J AU Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Zhao, J Hu, M Brown, DE AF Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Zhao, J Hu, M Brown, DE TI Vibrational dynamics studies by nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Seeheim Workshop on Mossbauer Spectroscopy CY MAY 21-25, 2002 CL SEEHEIM, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, European Sci Fdn, Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Freunde Univ Mainz eV, Karl Guckinger Stift Univ Mainz, Univ Mainz Mat Wiessensch, Weiterbild, Forsch & Kultur Landes Rheinland Pfalz, BHF Bank Frankfurt, Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Stoffe, Schott Glas, Stadt & Kreissparkasse Darmstadt, SusTech GmbH & Co KC DE synchrotron radiation; inelastic X-ray scattering; nuclear resonant scattering; speed-of-sound; Debye sound velocity ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; THIN-FILMS; RESOLUTION MONOCHROMATOR; WAVELENGTH STANDARD; IRON; ABSORPTION; EXCITATION; CRYSTAL; SN-119 AB Nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering of synchrotron radiation is being applied to ever widening areas ranging from geophysics to biophysics and materials science. Since its first demonstration in 1995 using the Fe-57 resonance, the technique has now been applied to materials containing Kr-83, Eu-151, Sn-119, and Dy-161 isotopes. The energy resolution has been reduced to under a millielectronvolt. This, in turn, has enabled new types of measurements like Debye velocity of sound, as well as the study of origins of non-Debye behavior in presence of other low-energy excitations. The effect of atomic disorder on phonon density of states has been studied in detail. The flux increase due to the improved X-ray sources, crystal monochromators, and time-resolved detectors has been exploited for reducing sample sizes to nano-gram levels, or using samples with dilute resonant nuclei like myoglobin, or even monolayers. Incorporation of micro-focusing optics to the existing experimental setup enables experiments under high pressure using diamond-anvil cells. In this article, we will review these developments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CAT, HP, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Alp, EE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 57 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2002 VL 144 IS 1 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1023/A:1025452401501 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 716BZ UT WOS:000185010100002 ER PT J AU Ruckert, T Keune, W Sahoo, B Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Alp, EE Rohlsberger, R AF Ruckert, T Keune, W Sahoo, B Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS Alp, EE Rohlsberger, R TI Atomic vibrational dynamics of thin films studied by nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering: Amorphous Tb1-xFex alloys SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Seeheim Workshop on Mossbauer Spectroscopy CY MAY 21-25, 2002 CL SEEHEIM, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, European Sci Fdn, Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Freunde Univ Mainz eV, Karl Guckinger Stift Univ Mainz, Univ Mainz Mat Wiessensch, Weiterbild, Forsch & Kultur Landes Rheinland Pfalz, BHF Bank Frankfurt, Max Planck Int Chem Phys Stoffe, Schott Glas, Stadt & Kreissparkasse Darmstadt, SusTech GmbH & Co KC DE nuclear resonance absorption; inelastic X-ray scattering; Mossbauer effect; amorphous Tb-Fe thin films; phonon density of states ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MOSSBAUER; FE; MULTILAYERS; MODEL AB Nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS) of 14.4125 keV synchrotron radiation was used to measure directly the partial vibrational density of states (VDOS), g( E), of vapor-quenched amorphous (Tb1-xFex)-Fe-57 thin film alloys (0.20 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.82). The structure of the samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The behavior of the Lamb-Mossbauer factor obtained from measured vibrational excitation probability densities indicates vibrational softening with increasing Tb content. A plot of g( E)/E-2 versus E proves the existence of non-Debye-like vibrational excitations below about 10 meV, becoming more pronounced with rising Tb content. C1 Gerhard Mercator Univ Duisburg, Inst Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18055 Rostock, Germany. RP Keune, W (reprint author), Gerhard Mercator Univ Duisburg, Inst Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. RI Sahoo, Balaram/E-4828-2011; Rohlsberger, Ralf/J-4173-2013 OI Sahoo, Balaram/0000-0002-2050-4746; Rohlsberger, Ralf/0000-0001-6005-5183 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2002 VL 144 IS 1 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1023/A:1025463317430 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 716BZ UT WOS:000185010100007 ER PT J AU Roberts, HE Helba, M Carroll, JJ Burnett, J Drummond, T Lepak, J Propri, R Zhong, Z Agee, FJ AF Roberts, HE Helba, M Carroll, JJ Burnett, J Drummond, T Lepak, J Propri, R Zhong, Z Agee, FJ TI Gamma spectroscopy of Hf-178m2 using synchrotron X-rays SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd AFOSR Isomer Workshop held in conjunction with the 24th International Conference on LASERS 01 CY DEC, 2001 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA DE Hf-178m2; nuclear isomer; isomer triggering; synchrotron radiation; gamma spectroscopy ID 31-YR ISOMER; IRRADIATION; EMISSION AB Preliminary survey experiments have been performed to examine the triggering of gamma emission from the 31-year Hf-178m2 isomer using intense monochromatic synchrotron radiation from the X15A beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Initial studies were performed to probe incident photon energies over the L-1, L-2, and L-3 X-ray edges of Hf and the 12-13 keV range. Resonances larger than the experimental minimum detectable level of 10(-25) cm(2) keV were not observed. C1 SRS Technol, Syst Technol Grp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Youngstown State Univ, Ctr Photon Induced Proc, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Roberts, HE (reprint author), SRS Technol, Syst Technol Grp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2002 VL 143 IS 1-4 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1023/A:1024073315514 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 688QZ UT WOS:000183448500012 ER PT J AU Achterhold, K Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Parak, FG AF Achterhold, K Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Parak, FG TI Phonon-assisted Mossbauer effect: The vibrational density of states of myoglobin SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer Effect CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Liverpool, Open Univ, Univ Wolverhampton, Royal Soc Chem, Mossbauer Spect Discuss Grp, Ultra Phys Ltd ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; LIGAND-BINDING; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RAMAN; IRON; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION AB Proteins are involved in nearly all aspects of function and control of life. For many proteins, the structure alone cannot explain the function. Proteins often have to fluctuate to work. The fact that many proteins contain iron even within the active site, predestinate the various techniques of the Mossbauer effect to study these dynamics. The phonon-assisted Mossbauer effect allows the direct investigation of phonons in matter. This technique uses pulsed synchrotron radiation monochromized to about 1 meV energy bandwidth. For the present work, this method was used to yield information about the dynamics of myoglobin, the oxygen storing protein in vertebrates. It is shown that different ligands like CO or H(2)O at the iron site alter the local optical vibrations compared to ligand free deoxymyoglobin. Delocalised acoustic phonons can be resolved in the vicinity of the elastic line. The mode dependent mean square displacement of the iron, specific heat of vibration and second-order Doppler shift are obtained from the density of states. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E17, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Achterhold, K (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E17, D-85747 Garching, Germany. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2002 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1023/A:1021254003628 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 620DQ UT WOS:000179518800002 ER PT J AU van Lierop, J Ryan, DH AF van Lierop, J Ryan, DH TI Selective excitation double Mossbauer spectroscopy SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer Effect CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Liverpool, Open Univ, Univ Wolverhampton, Royal Soc Chem, Mossbauer Spectroscopy Discuss Grp, Ultra Phys Ltd ID SPIN DYNAMICS AB An improved selective excitation double Mossbauer spectrometer has been used to study both static and dynamic disorder in magnetic materials. Static disorder has been identified in a Fe80B20 and Fe65Ni35, while magnetic relaxation has been measured in a Fe3O4 ferrofluid. Simultaneous static and dynamic disorder have been established in a-Fe92Zr8. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat & Chem Sci Div, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP van Lierop, J (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Phys Mat, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2002 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1023/A:1021214322284 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 620DQ UT WOS:000179518800017 ER PT J AU Xu, WM Pasternak, MP Rozenberg, GK Taylor, RD AF Xu, WM Pasternak, MP Rozenberg, GK Taylor, RD TI Pressure-induced spin-crossover in EuFeO3 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer Effect CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Liverpool, Open Univ, Univ Wolverhampton, Royal Soc Chem, Mossbauer Spectroscopy Discuss Grp, Ultra Phys Ltd ID 100 GPA; MAGNETISM; COLLAPSE; STATE AB EuFeO3 perovskite has been studied by using Fe-57 Mossbauer effect and X-ray diffraction under pressures up to 90 GPa and in the temperature range of 4.2-300 K. A high-pressure-induced first-order phase transition is observed in the pressure range of 45-52 GPa as manifested by a discontinuous volume and IS reduction and dramatic changes of the hyperfine interaction parameters. The high-pressure phase of Fe3+ is established as a low-spin state (S = 1/2, T-2(2g)) characterized by spin-spin magnetic relaxation spectra to the lowest temperature. The nature and mechanism of the magnetic relaxation are discussed. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xu, WM (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2002 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1023/A:1021243128644 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 620DQ UT WOS:000179518800034 ER PT J AU Yue, AF Papandrew, A Bogdanoff, PD Halevy, I Lin, JGW Fultz, B Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Toellner, TS AF Yue, AF Papandrew, A Bogdanoff, PD Halevy, I Lin, JGW Fultz, B Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Toellner, TS TI Mass effects on optical phonons in Ll(2)-ordered (Pt3Fe)-Fe-57 and (Pd3Fe)-Fe-57 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer Effect CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Liverpool, Open Univ, Univ Wolverhampton, Royal Soc Chem, Mossbauer Spectroscopy Discuss Grp, Ultra Phys Ltd DE inelastic scattering; lattice dynamics; ordered alloys; Pt3Fe; Pd3Fe ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; DISORDERED NI3AL; VIBRATIONAL ENTROPY; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; STATES; DENSITIES; ENERGY AB Inelastic nuclear resonant scattering spectra of Fe-57 atoms were measured on (Pt3Fe)-Fe-57 and (Pd3Fe)-Fe-57 with the L1(2) crystal structure, and with the same crystallographic sites for Fe-57 atoms. Phonon partial density of states curves for Fe-57 were obtained from these spectra. In comparison to the non-dispersive Einstein-like optical modes in (Pt3Fe)-Fe-57, the optical modes in (Pd3Fe)-Fe-57 are broader. This difference can be understood in terms of the difference in mass of Pd and Pt. C1 CALTECH, WM Keck Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yue, AF (reprint author), CALTECH, WM Keck Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2002 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1023/A:1021295112714 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 620DQ UT WOS:000179518800035 ER PT B AU Taylor, RD Pasternak, MP Dadashev, A Rozenberg, GK AF Taylor, RD Pasternak, MP Dadashev, A Rozenberg, GK BE Thomas, MF Williams, JM Gibb, TC TI Perforated diamond anvils for research at very high pressures SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS (C), VOL 5, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer Effect CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Liverpool, Open Univ, Univ Wolverhampton, Royal Soc Chem, Mossbauer Spect Discuss Grp, Ultra Phys Ltd DE high pressures; diamond anvil cells; Mossbauer spectroscopy AB Diamond anvil cells allow static pressures on small samples up to a few hundred GPa. The anvils also serve as an optical window to the sample. Although the anvils are rather transparent for most types of radiation, the absorption of gamma- or soft x-rays in a few nun of diamond can prevent or seriously degrade the quality of the Mossbauer spectrum. Using smaller (thinner) diamonds helps, but then the ultimate pressure suffers. Several schemes are proposed and tested to reduce the pathway (absorption) by drilling away most of the anvil in the axial path, yet retaining its strength and stability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taylor, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-10,MS-K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1087-7 PY 2002 BP 13 EP 16 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BW97V UT WOS:000183837700004 ER PT B AU Zunger, A AF Zunger, A. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI The inverse band structure approach: Given the desired electronic property, find the atomic configuration SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE inverse band structure; atomic configuration AB Modem crystal-growth techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy or metal-organic chemical-vapour deposition, are capable of producing prescribed crystal structures, sometimes even in defiance of equilibrium, bulk thermodynamics. These techniques open up the possibility of exploring different atomic arrangements in search of a configuration that possesses given electronic and optical properties. Unfortunately, the number of possible combinations is so vast, and the electronic properties are so sensitive to the details of the crystal structure, that simple trial-and-error methods (such as those used in combinatorial synthesis) are unlikely to be successful. Here we describe a theoretical method that addresses the problem of finding the atomic configuration of a complex, multi-component system having a target electronic-structure property. As an example, we predict that the configuration of an Al(0.25)Ga(0.75)As alloy having the largest optical bandgap is a (GaAs)2(AlAs)1(GaAs)4(AlAs)1 superlattice oriented in the [201] direction. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600004 ER PT B AU Sokhansanj, BA Rodrigue, GR Fitch, JP AF Sokhansanj, B. A. Rodrigue, Garry R. Fitch, J. Patrick BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Building and testing scalable fuzzy models of genetic regulation in bacteria SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE gene regulation; fuzzy logic; modeling and simulation; gene circuits; control systems AB Recent technological advances in high-throughput data collection give biologists the ability to study increasingly complex systems. Complex systems can no longer be intuitively modeled, thus a new methodology is needed to develop and test biological models based on experimental observations and predict the effect of perturbations of the network, due to inherited mutations, drug treatment, and gene therapy. Biological experiments are too noisy to provide accurate parameters for quantitative models. Based on the way biologists have traditionally though about systems, we propose that fuzzy logic is a natural language for modeling in biology. We use the Union Rule Configuration (URC) of fuzzy logic for scalability, allowing a general framework to model complex biological systems. Besides interpreting experimental data, fuzzy modeling is a potentially useful approach for designing novel gene circuits with therapeutic and industrial applications. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sokhansanj, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-452,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sokhansanj@llnl.gov; ghrodrigue@ucdavis.edu; jpfitch@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600009 ER PT B AU Rudd, RE McElfresh, M Baesu, E Balhorn, R Allen, MJ Belak, J AF Rudd, Robert E. McElfresh, Michael Baesu, Eveline Balhorn, Rod Allen, Michael J. Belak, James BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Modeling of the deformation of living cells induced by atomic force microscopy SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE finite element modeling; biological cell; cell membrane; living cell; AFM ID ELASTICITY AB We describe finite element modeling of the deformation of living cells by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cells are soft systems, susceptible to large deformations in the course of an AFM measurement. Often the local properties, the subject of the measurement, are obscured by the response of the cell as a whole. The Lagrangian finite deformation model we have developed and implemented in finite elements analysis offers a solution to this problem. The effect of the gross deformation of the cell can be subtracted from the experimentally measured data in order to give a reproducible value for local properties. This facilitates concurrent experimental efforts to measure the mechanical properties at specific receptor sites on the membrane of a living cell. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-045, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600020 ER PT B AU Voter, AF AF Voter, Arthur F. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Introduction to the time scale problem SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE kinetic Monte Carlo; hyperdynamics; temperature accelerated dynamics; parallel-replica dynamics; dimer method ID FINDING SADDLE-POINTS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; INFREQUENT EVENTS; POTENTIAL SURFACES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS AB As motivation for the symposium on extended-scale atomistic methods, I briefly discuss the time scale problem that plagues molecular dynamics simulations, some promising recent developments for circumventing the problem, and some remaining challenges. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Voter, AF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600035 ER PT B AU Montalenti, F AF Montalenti, Francesco BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Temperature accelerated dynamics: introduction and application to crystal growth SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE temperature accelerated dynamics; surface diffusion; crystal growth ID INFREQUENT EVENTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SADDLE-POINTS; SIMULATION; SURFACES AB Temperature accelerated dynamics (TAD) simulations allow one to reach long time scales without needing any a priori information on the system dynamics. As a consequence, TAD is a powerful method for simulating complex phenomena where the dynamics is highly unpredictable and the time scale is longer than the one reachable by standard molecular dynamics (ns-ps). In this paper we focus our attention on crystal growth. We give an overview of the TAD method, and we demonstrate that at low temperatures a TAD simulation can be faster than a standard molecular dynamics simulation by several orders of magnitude, allowing one to match typical experimental time scales of seconds or longer. Moreover, we explicitely show how critical it is to match the experimental time scale, in order to predict the correct geometry of the growing surface. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Montalenti, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Montalenti, Francesco/A-7738-2010 OI Montalenti, Francesco/0000-0001-7854-8269 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 132 EP 135 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600036 ER PT B AU Germann, TC Voter, AF AF Germann, Timothy C. Voter, Arthur F. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Accelerating molecular dynamics Simulations SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE infrequent events; accelerated dynamics; hyperdynamics; parallel replica dynamics ID INFREQUENT EVENTS; HYPERDYNAMICS AB In contrast with the converging length scales of atomistic simulations and experimental nanoscience, large time scale discrepancies still remain, due to the time-scale limitations of molecular dynamics. We briefly review two recently developed methods, derived from transition state theory, for accelerating molecular dynamics simulations of infrequent-event processes. These techniques, parallel replica dynamics and hyperdynamics, can reach simulation times several orders of magnitude longer than direct molecular dynamics while retaining full atomistic detail. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Germann, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tcg@lanl.gov; afv@lanl.gov OI Voter, Arthur/0000-0001-9788-7194 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 140 EP 143 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600038 ER PT B AU Uberuaga, BP Stuart, SJ Voter, AF AF Uberuaga, B. P. Stuart, S. J. Voter, A. F. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Accelerated dynamics simulations of nanotubes SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE carbon nanotubes; AIREBO; accelerated dynamics; TAD; parallel replica dynamics ID CARBON NANOTUBES; INFREQUENT EVENTS AB We report on the application of accelerated dynamics techniques to the study of carbon nanotubes. We have used the parallel replica method and temperature accelerated dynamics simulations axe currently in progress. In the parallel replica study, we have stretched tubes at a rate significantly lower than that used in previous studies. In these preliminary results, we find that there are qualitative differences in the rupture of the nanotubes at different temperatures. We plan on extending this investigation to include nanotubes of various chiralities. We also plan on exploring unique geometries of nanotubes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Uberuaga, BP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Voter, Arthur/0000-0001-9788-7194 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 149 EP 151 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600041 ER PT B AU Gilmer, GH Torre, JD Baumann, FH de la Rubia, TD AF Gilmer, George H. Torre, Jacques Dalla Baumann, Frieder H. de la Rubia, Tomas Diaz BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Monte Carlo modeling of thin film deposition: Factors that influence 3D islands SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE ionized physical vapor deposition; island coalescence; nanocluster arrays AB In this paper we discuss the use of atomisitc Monte Carlo simulations to predict film microstructure evolution. We discuss physical vapor deposition, and are primarily concerned with films that are formed by the nucleation and coalescence of 3D islands. Multi-scale modeling is used in the sense that information obtained from molecular dynamics [1] and first principles calculations [2] provide atomic interaction energies, surface and grain boundary properties and diffusion rates for use in the Monte Carlo model. In this paper, we discuss some fundamental issues associated with thin film formation, together with an assessment of the sensitivity of the film morphology to the deposition conditions and materials properties. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gilmer, GH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 166 EP 168 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600046 ER PT B AU Rudd, RE AF Rudd, Robert E. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Coarse-grained molecular dynamics and multiscale modeling of NEMS resonators SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE concurrent multiscale modeling; MEMS; flexural resonator ID LENGTH SCALES; SILICON; SIMULATION; DEVICES AB We review concurrent multiscale simulations of dynamic and temperature-dependent processes found in nanomechanical systems coupled to larger scale surroundings. We focus on the behavior of sub-micron MicroElectro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), especially microresonators. These systems are often called NEMS, for Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems. The coupling of length scales methodology we have developed for MEMS employs an atomistic description of small but key regions of the system, consisting of millions of atoms, coupled concurrently to a finite element model of the periphery. The model, Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD), builds a generalized finite element formalism from the underlying atomistic physics in order to ensure a smooth coupling between regions governed by different length scales. The result is a model that accurately describes the behavior of the mechanical components of MEMS down to the atomic scale. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-045, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 173 EP 176 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600048 ER PT B AU Galli, G Puzder, A Williamson, AJ Grossman, JC Pizzagalli, L AF Galli, Giulia Puzder, Aaron Williamson, Andrew J. Grossman, Jeffrey C. Pizzagalli, Laurent BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Structural and electronic properties of quantum dot surfaces SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE silicon quantum dots; germanium quantum dots; surface properties; first-principles molecular dynamics; Quantum Monte Carlo ID SI NANOCRYSTALS; POROUS SILICON; LUMINESCENCE; GAPS AB We report on recent progress in studying the structural, electronic and optical properties of Si and Ge quantum dots, using first principles calculations. We used both ab initio molecular dynamics techniques and quantum monte carlo calculations to unravel the effects of different surface structures and passivations on the proper-ties of Si and Ge dots. Here we discuss the results on the effects of surface structure on the core properties of Ge dots up to 300 atoms and the effects of oxygen and other passivants on the optical properties of Si dots. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Galli, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Pizzagalli, Laurent/A-1445-2013 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 255 EP 258 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600069 ER PT B AU Yamakov, V Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Gleiter, H AF Yamakov, V. Wolf, D. Phillpot, S. R. Gleiter, H. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Dislocation processes and deformation twinning in nanocrystalline Al SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc ID HARDNESS; METALS; SIZE AB Using a recently developed, massively parallel molecular-dynamics (MD) code for the simulation of polycrystal plasticity, we analyze for the case of nanocrystalline Al the complex interplay among various dislocation and grain-boundary processes during low-temperature deformation. A unique aspect of this work, arising from our ability to deform to rather large plastic strains and to consider a rather large grain size, is the observation of deformation under very high grain-boundary and dislocation densities, i.e., in a deformation regime where they compete on an equal footing. We are thus able to identify the intra- and intergranular dislocation and grain-boundary processes responsible for the extensive deformation twinning observed in our simulations. This illustrates the ability of this type of simulations to capture novel atomic-level insights into the underlying deformation mechanisms not presently possible experimentally. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yamakov, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600076 ER PT B AU Leonard, F AF Leonard, Francois BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Quantum transport in nanotube transistors SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE nanotube; electronic transport; transistor; ballistic; nanowire ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SINGLE; DEVICES AB We discuss recent calculations of electronic transport in a 10 nm long, three-terminal carbon nanotube device. By calculating self-consistently the electrostatic potential and charge in the device, we obtain the band bending along the nanotube as a function of the applied voltages. This band bending strongly influences the transmission of carriers across the nanotube, giving rise to "on" and ''off" regimes characteristic of transistor action. Hence, (sic). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Leonard, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9161, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fleonar@ca.sandia.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 298 EP 301 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600080 ER PT B AU Kalosakas, G Bishop, AR AF Kalosakas, G. Bishop, A. R. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI An effective model for microscopic intrinsic localized modes SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE intrinsic localized modes; breathers; over-tone red-shifts; isotopic disorder; PtCl Raman spectra ID COMPLEXES; SPECTRUM AB We present a system of coupled degrees of freedom that can effectively describe the localization of intramolecular excitations in the charge transfer solid PtCl. These excitations correspond to the Raman active motion of chlorines (symmetric Pt - Cl stretching). By fitting two parameters of the model we obtain an accurate description of the strong red-shifts that appear in the overtone Raman spectra of the isotopically pure material. The resulting intrinsic localized modes extend on length scales of the order of nanometers. With the same set of parameters the model can reproduce the specific structure of the Raman spectra of naturally abundant PtCl, which contains a random distribution of chloride isotopes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kalosakas, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 330 EP 333 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600089 ER PT B AU Kadau, K Lomdahl, PS Entel, P Kadau, D Kreth, M Germann, TC Holian, BL Westerhoff, F Wolf, DE AF Kadau, K. Lomdahl, P. S. Entel, P. Kadau, D. Kreth, M. Germann, T. C. Holian, B. L. Westerhoff, F. Wolf, D. E. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Molecular-dynamics study of physical properties in sintered nano-particles SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE molecular dynamics; sintered nano-particles; Hall-Petch effect ID SIMULATIONS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl & Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kadau, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl & Theoret Div, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kkadau@lanl.gov RI Kadau, Dirk/B-4697-2010 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 338 EP 339 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600091 ER PT B AU Loh, KK Saxena, A Lookman, T Parikh, A AF Loh, K. -K. Saxena, A. Lookman, T. Parikh, A. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Phase transition induced hydrodynamic instability SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE phase transition; induced hydrodynamic instability AB Instabilities leading to oscillations in some particular properties of a system are intimately related to pattern formation. Nontrivial patterns form spontaneously as a result of the occurrence and propagation of the fronts of instability. These spontaneous patterns can be turned into functional structures at the corresponding length scale when the pattern forming processes are properly designed and controlled. In this work, we propose a scenario for mass transfer instability in a one-dimensional flow of a one-component fluid near its discontinuous liquid-gas phase transition. Instability leading to density oscillations occurs when the system fails to support steady-state flow due to the absence of mechanically stable uniform state as a consequence of a discontinuous transition. The system is modeled and simulated as a one-dimensional flow of a fluid for which the pressure tensor is derived from the equation of state of an inhomogeneous van der Waals fluid. Oscillations in fluid density occur at some appropriately tuned sets of parameters. The phenomenon may play a role in the formation of nanoscopic channel during an unstable Langmuir-Blodgett transfer reported in recent experiments and can be useful in patterning thin films. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Loh, KK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM loh@lanl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 409 EP 410 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600110 ER PT B AU Klintenberg, M Derenzo, SE Weber, MJ AF Klintenberg, M. Derenzo, S. E. Weber, M. J. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI A systematic search for new scintillators using electronic structure calculations SO ICCN 2002: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY APR 21-25, 2002 CL San Juan, PR SP Appl Computat Res Soc, DARPA, Amer Phys Soc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Coll Engn, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Accelrys Inc, Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky & Popeo PC, Motorola, ANSYS Inc DE wide band-gap semiconductors; electronic structure calculations; inorganic crystals; scintillation; semiconductors ID EXCHANGE AB A systematic study of several hundred inorganic crystal structures have been performed by means of electronic structure calculations with the goal of finding potential new scintillator materials for synthesis and testing. All X-ray or neutron diffraction measurements of crystals containing one or more of the heavy elements T1, Hg, Pb or Bi and with all sites in the unit cell fully occupied were extracted from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD). A Full-Potential Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital (FP-LMTO) implementation with a LDA exchange-correlation energy functional was used for solving the electronic structure. The data was analyzed for density, photoelectric fraction at 511 keV, direct/indirect band gap, LDA band gap enegy, energy dispersion, bandwidths, degree of covalency, electronic density distribution of upper valence electrons, electron and hole masses, valence and conduction band parity, etc. Preliminary computational results are presented for a number of representative materials. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klintenberg, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mkklintenberg@lbl.gov; sederenzo@lbl.gov; mjweber@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9708275-6-3 PY 2002 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEY39 UT WOS:000240119600115 ER PT B AU Gorton, I Liu, A AF Gorton, I Liu, A GP ACM ACM TI Software component quality assessment in practice: Successes and practical impediments SO ICSE 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Software Engineering CY MAY 19-25, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Mach, ACM SIGSOFT, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, ACM SIGPLAN, Sociedad Argentina Informat Invest Operat AB This paper describes the authors' experiences of initiating and sustaining a project at CSIRO aimed at accelerating the successful adoption of COTS middleware technologies in large business and scientific information systems. The projects aims are described, along with example outcomes and an assessment of what is needed for wide-scale software component quality assessments to succeed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gorton, I (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-472-X PY 2002 BP 555 EP 558 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU68K UT WOS:000176704400051 ER PT S AU Christophersen, JP Glenn, DF Motloch, CG Wright, RB Ho, CD Battaglia, VS AF Christophersen, JP Glenn, DF Motloch, CG Wright, RB Ho, CD Battaglia, VS GP IEEE IEEE TI Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing on the advanced technology development program lithium-ion cells SO IEEE 56TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VTC FALL 2002, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc DE electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; trough frequency; hybrid pulse power chararacterization test; power fade; advanced technology development AB The U.S. DOE Advanced Technology Development (ATD) Program is investigating Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as A new measure of cell degradation. As part of the program, the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is aging 18650-size cells using cycle-life tests developed under the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, which has been superceded by FreedomCAR in January 2002. At beginning of life and every four weeks thereafter, cycle-life testing is interrupted for reference performance tests (RPT) to assess capacity and power fade rates. The EIS impedance is measured at 60% state-of-charge over a range of frequencies at each RPT. The resulting Nyquist plots show that the two semi-circles, representing the anode and cathode impedance growth, are poorly resolved due to the influence of the high frequency capacitive tail and the low-frequency Warburg impedance. However, impedance growth is clearly visible at the trough frequency of the second semi-circle. The magnitude at this frequency is comparable to the standard measure of cell degradation, which is based on the percent-fade in power as a function of test time while delivering 300 Wh. The percent growth in EIS magnitude at the trough frequency highly correlates with the power fade. This suggests that the EIS test is a useful alternate measure of cell degradation. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Transportat Technol & Infrastruct Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Christophersen, JP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Transportat Technol & Infrastruct Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-7467-3 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2002 BP 1851 EP 1855 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BV58A UT WOS:000179406100380 ER PT B AU Wylie, B Moreland, K Fisk, LA Crossno, P AF Wylie, B Moreland, K Fisk, LA Crossno, P BE Spencer, SN TI Tetrahedral projection using vertex shaders SO IEEE/ACM SIGGRAPH SYMPOSIUM ON VOLUME VISUALIZATION AND GRAPHICS 2002, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Volume Visualization and Graphics CY OCT 28-29, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Comp Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH DE direct volume rendering; PC graphics hardware; volume scan conversion; projection volume rendering ID VOLUME AB Projective methods for volume rendering currently represent the best approach for interactive visualization of unstructured data sets. We present a technique for tetrahedral projection using the programmable vertex shaders on current generation commodity graphics cards. The technique is based on Shirley and Tuchman's Projected Tetrahedra (PT) algorithm and allows tetrahedral elements to be volume scan converted within the graphics processing unit. Our technique requires no pre-processing of the data and no additional data structures. Our initial implementation allows interactive viewing of large unstructured datasets on a desktop personal computer. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bnwylie@sandia.gov; kmorel@sandia.gov; lafisk@sandia.gov; pjcross@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7641-2 PY 2002 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV52H UT WOS:000179248000001 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, A AF Fitzpatrick, A TI Founding Atlantic software SO IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1058-6180 J9 IEEE ANN HIST COMPUT JI IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 80 EP 82 DI 10.1109/MAHC.2002.1010082 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science GA 523BQ UT WOS:000173931800010 ER PT J AU Ripeanu, M Iamnitchi, A Foster, I AF Ripeanu, M Iamnitchi, A Foster, I TI Mapping the Gnutella network SO IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Article C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ripeanu, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 15 TC 370 Z9 431 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1089-7801 J9 IEEE INTERNET COMPUT JI IEEE Internet Comput. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1109/4236.978369 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 510TZ UT WOS:000173224500010 ER PT J AU Bakke, T Tigges, CP Lean, JJ Sullivan, CT Spahn, OB AF Bakke, T Tigges, CP Lean, JJ Sullivan, CT Spahn, OB TI Planar microoptomechanical waveguide switches SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE MOEMS; optical switch; polymeric waveguides ID DIGITAL OPTICAL SWITCH; WAVE-GUIDES AB Planar micromechanical waveguide switches based on lateral deflection of a cantilever beam are presented. Two material systems have been used: a GaAs-AlGaAs structure with integrated wavegaides and a silicon-on-insulator (SOI), with postprocessed polymeric waveguides. The switches are characterized by low actuation voltage (3-20 V), short switching times (32-200 mus), and low crosstalk (< -30 dB). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys Elect, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. RP Bakke, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 AR PII S1077-260X(02)02234-7 DI 10.1109/2944.991400 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 533FT UT WOS:000174519300009 ER PT J AU Petrini, F Feng, WC Hoisie, A Coll, S Frachtenberg, E AF Petrini, F Feng, WC Hoisie, A Coll, S Frachtenberg, E TI The Quadrics network: High-performance clustering technology SO IEEE MICRO LA English DT Article AB The Guadrics Network extends the native operating system in processing nodes with a network operating system and specialized hardware support in the network interface. Doing so integrates individual node's address spaces into a single, global, virtual-address space and provides network fault tolerance. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fabrizio@lanl.gov RI Coll, Salvador/H-4413-2015 OI Coll, Salvador/0000-0002-7795-7252 NR 12 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1732 EI 1937-4143 J9 IEEE MICRO JI IEEE Micro PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1109/40.988689 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 520RW UT WOS:000173795900009 ER PT B AU Su, GJ Peng, FZ Adams, DJ AF Su, GJ Peng, FZ Adams, DJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Experimental evaluation of a soft-switching DC/DC converter for fuel cell vehicle applications SO IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS IN TRANSPORATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Power Electronics in Transportation CY OCT 24-25, 2002 CL AUBURN HILL, MI SP IEEE Power Electr Soc, IEEE SE Michigan Sect, Soc Automot Engineers, IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc AB A soft-switched, isolated bi-directional DC/DC converter has been developed for fuel cell powered electric vehicles (FCPEV), in which the 12 V battery for the vehicle accessory loads is also used to start up the fuel cells and to store the energy captured during regenerative braking. The DC/DC converter interfaces the low voltage battery to the fuel cell powered higher voltage DC bus system (255 V similar to 425 V). Dual half-bridges interconnected through a transformer are employed to minimize the number of switching devices and their associated gate drive components. The transformer provides voltage level matching and galvanic isolation for safety requirements. Snubber capacitors and the transformer leakage inductance are utilized to achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS). Therefore, no extra resonant components are required for ZVS, further reducing component count. The inherent soft-switching capability and the low component count of the converter allows efficient power conversion and compact packaging. A prototype was built and successfully tested. This paper presents design considerations and testing data to evaluate the prototype's performance against the requirements for FCPEV applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7492-4 PY 2002 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BW20N UT WOS:000181178100006 ER PT B AU Driessen, BJ Sadegh, N AF Driessen, BJ Sadegh, N GP IEEE IEEE TI Convergence theory for multi-input discrete-time iterative learning control with coulomb friction, continuous outputs, and input bounds SO IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2002: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2002 CY APR 05-07, 2002 CL UNIV S CAROLINA, COLUMBIA, SC SP IEEE Reg 3, IEEE S Carolina Council, IEEE Columbia Sect, IEEE Univ S Carolina Student Branch HO UNIV S CAROLINA DE iterative learning control; Coulomb friction; Convergence theory; Input bounds/limits; Multiple inputs ID OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS; ROBOTS AB In this paper we consider the problem of discrete-time iterative learning control (ILC) for position trajectory tracking of multiple-input, multiple-output systems with Coulomb friction, bounds on the inputs, and equal static and sliding coefficients of friction. Only position measurements are assumed available. No velocity measurements are assumed available. We present an ILC controller and a proof of convergence to zero tracking error, provided the associated learning gain matrices are scalar-scaled with a sufficiently small positive scalar. We also show that non-diagonal learning gain matrices satisfying the same prescribed conditions do not lead to the same convergence property. To the best of our knowledge, for problems with Coulomb friction, this paper represents a first convergence theory for the discrete-time ILC problem with multiple-inputs and multiple-bounded-outputs; previous work presented theory only for the single-input, single-output problem. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7252-2 PY 2002 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BU41J UT WOS:000175938500057 ER PT B AU Driessen, BJ Sadegh, N AF Driessen, BJ Sadegh, N GP IEEE IEEE TI Inequality/equality constrained optimization: An analytical robustness comparison of a feasibility method versus L1 sequential quadratic programming SO IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2002: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2002 CY APR 05-07, 2002 CL UNIV S CAROLINA, COLUMBIA, SC SP IEEE Reg 3, IEEE S Carolina Council, IEEE Columbia Sect, IEEE Univ S Carolina Student Branch HO UNIV S CAROLINA DE inequality constraints; optimization; convergence theory; L1 sequential quadratic programming; feasibility method ID LEARNING CONTROL; ROBOTS AB In this work we present an analytical robustness comparison of two methods for inequality/equality constrained optimization or nonlinear programming. The methods compared are (1) a Feasibility Method (FM) and (2) sequential quadratic programming with an L1 merit function (L1-SQP), The problem statement assumptions include nonstationarity of constraint error norms except at zero constraint error, without which we are not aware of any algorithm that is provably guaranteed to converge to a tolerance-feasible stationary point of a penalty function or a Kuhn-Tucker point. Global convergence of FM is proved analytically. L1-SQP is shown to exhibit potential failure even from a feasible starting point, due to an onset of infeasible sub problems. We are not aware of an implementable SQP algorithm that has this provable global convergence property of FM. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Driessen, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7252-2 PY 2002 BP 317 EP 321 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BU41J UT WOS:000175938500062 ER PT J AU Yoo, BS Das, CR AF Yoo, BS Das, CR TI A fast and efficient processor allocation scheme for mesh-connected multicomputers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE allocation overhead; complete submesh recognition ability; mesh-connected multicomputers; processor allocation; stack-based allocation algorithm ID HYPERCUBE COMPUTERS; MANAGEMENT SCHEME AB Efficient processor allocation is crucial for obtaining high performance in space-shared parallel computers. A good processor allocation algorithm should find available processors for incoming jobs, if they exist, with minimum overhead. In this paper, we propose such a fast and efficient processor allocation scheme for mesh-connected multicomputers. By using simple coordinate calculation and spatial subtraction, the proposed scheme reduces the search space drastically and, hence, can locate a free submesh very quickly. The algorithm is implemented efficiently using a stack and therefore is called the stack-based allocation (SBA) algorithm. Extensive simulation reveals that our scheme incurs much less allocation overhead than all of the existing allocation algorithms, while delivering competitive performance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ayoo@llnl.gov; das@cse.psu.edu NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 51 IS 1 BP 46 EP 60 DI 10.1109/12.980016 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 521VW UT WOS:000173862900004 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Brooks, RR Iyengar, SS Rao, NSV Barhen, J AF Chen, Y Brooks, RR Iyengar, SS Rao, NSV Barhen, J TI Efficient global optimization for image registration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE image registration; sensor fusion; global optimization; terminal repellers; subenergy-tunneling; genetic algorithms; tabu search ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS C1 Motorola Inc, Shaumburg, IL USA. Penn State Univ, Informat Sci & Technol Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Motorola Inc, Shaumburg, IL USA. EM rrb@acm.org; iyengar@bit.csc.lsu.edu OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1041-4347 J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 509LW UT WOS:000173150100006 ER PT J AU Havre, S Hetzler, E Whitney, P Nowell, L AF Havre, S Hetzler, E Whitney, P Nowell, L TI ThemeRiver: Visualizing thematic changes in large document collections SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE visualization; metaphor; trend analysis; time line AB The ThemeRiver visualization depicts thematic variations over time within a large collection of documents. The thematic changes are shown in the context of a time line and corresponding external events. The focus on temporal thematic change within a context framework allows a user to discern patterns that suggest relationships or trends. For example, the sudden change of thematic strength following an external event may indicate a causal relationship. Such patterns are not readily accessible in other visualizations of the data. We use a river metaphor to convey several key notions. The document collection's time line, selected thematic content, and thematic strength are indicated by the river's directed flow, composition, and changing width, respectively. The directed flow from left to right is interpreted as movement through time and the horizontal distance between two points on the river defines a time interval. At any point in time, the vertical distance, or width, of the river indicates the collective strength of the selected themes. Colored "currents" flowing within the river represent individual themes. A current's vertical width narrows or broadens to indicate decreases or increases in the strength of the individual theme. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM susan.havre@pnl.gov; beth.hetzler@pnl.gov; paul.whitney@pnl.gov; lucy.nowell@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 216 Z9 227 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1109/2945.981848 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 515FT UT WOS:000173485300002 ER PT B AU Clodius, WB Borel, C Balick, L Hook, SJ AF Clodius, WB Borel, C Balick, L Hook, SJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Validation of the MTI water surface temperature retrieval algorithms SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is a satellite based push-broom imager that images in fifteen spectral bands from the visible into the long wavelength infrared. Five of its bands operate in the thermal infrared: J, 3.54.1 mum; K, 4.9-5.1 mum; L, 8.0-8.4 mum; M, 8.4-8.8 mum; and N, 10.2-10.7 mum. These bands allow the retrieval of water temperatures with a nominal ground sampling distance of 20 m. Several different algorithms have been developed to do retrievals with these bands. Comparisons with lake and ocean buoy data have been used to validate these algorithms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clodius, WB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 30 EP 32 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800010 ER PT B AU Davis, AB Love, SP Cahalan, RF McGill, MJ Winker, DM AF Davis, AB Love, SP Cahalan, RF McGill, MJ Winker, DM GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Active optical remote sensing of dense clouds with diffusing light: Early results, present implementations, and the challenges ahead SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB We survey the rapid progress of "off-beam" cloud lidar, from inception to validation via laboratory-scale simulations. Cloud observations from ground, aircraft and even space are covered. Finally, we describe future work in this instrument development effort born out of pure theory in the mid-1990s. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012; Cahalan, Robert/E-3462-2012 OI Cahalan, Robert/0000-0001-9724-1270 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 545 EP 547 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800180 ER PT B AU Davis, AB Marshak, A AF Davis, AB Marshak, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Optical remote sensing of dense isolated clouds with high-resolution satellite- and ground-based imagers SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Dense isolated (cumulus-type) clouds are not amenable to the standard plane-parallel slab geometry used in operational remote sensing. We show that their opacity can nonetheless be estimated using an alternate geometrical model -the spherical cloud- which is also analytically tractable for photon transport by diffusion. The new retrieval method is illustrated with a cloudy Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) scene but could be applied to ground-based sky imagers. The only requirement is to have both dark and bright sides of the cloud in the same scene. Future application to the development of correction schemes for cloud-adjacency effects is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 2817 EP 2819 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800917 ER PT S AU Weeratunga, SK Kamath, C AF Weeratunga, SK Kamath, C BE Dougherty, ER Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO TI PDE-based non-linear diffusion techniques for denoising scientific and industrial images: an empirical study SO IMAGE PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems CY JAN 21-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE denoising; non-linear isotropic diffusion; partial differential equations AB Removing noise from data is often the first step in data analysis. Denoising techniques should not only reduce the noise, but do so without blurring or changing the location of the edges. Many approaches have been proposed to accomplish this; in this paper, we focus on one such approach, namely the use of non-linear diffusion operators. This approach has been studied extensively from a theoretical viewpoint ever since the 1987 work of Perona and Malik showed that non-linear filters outperformed the more traditional linear Canny edge detector. We complement this theoretical work by investigating the performance of several isotropic diffusion operators on test images from scientific domains. We explore the effects of various parameters such as the choice of diffusivity function, explicit and implicit methods for the discretization of the PDE, and approaches for the spatial discretization of the non-linear operator etc. We also compare these schemes with simple spatial filters and the more complex wavelet-based shrinkage techniques. Our empirical results show that, with an appropriate choice of parameters, diffusion-based schemes can be as effective as competitive techniques. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kamath, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, L-561,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4407-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4667 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1117/12.467989 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU75K UT WOS:000176916200029 ER PT J AU Rose, JH AF Rose, JH TI Time reversal, focusing and exact inverse scattering SO IMAGING OF COMPLEX MEDIA WITH ACOUSTIC AND SEISMIC WAVES SE TOPICS IN APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review AB Focusing combined with time reversal is argued to be the physical basis of exact inverse scattering theory. These ideas yield the Newton-Marchenko equation, a foundational equation of inverse scattering theory, in a simple and physically convincing way. Since most applied imaging techniques are based on focusing and back-propagation, time reversal and focusing provide an important conceptual bridge between applied imaging and exact inverse scattering theory. C1 Univ Paris 06, Lab Ondes & Acoust, F-75005 Paris, France. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astronomy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rose, JH (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Ondes & Acoust, F-75005 Paris, France. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 J9 TOP APPL PHYS PY 2002 VL 84 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BU09J UT WOS:000175003100004 ER PT S AU Keenan, MR Timlin, JA Van Benthem, MH Haaland, DM AF Keenan, MR Timlin, JA Van Benthem, MH Haaland, DM BE Shen, SS TI Algorithms for constrained linear unmixing with application to the hyperspectral analysis of fluorophore mixtures SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE linear unmixing; curve resolution; hyperspectral image; constrained least squares; microarray ID LEAST-SQUARES METHODS; MULTICOMPONENT SAMPLES AB In this paper, we describe the use of linear unmixing algorithms to spatially and spectrally separate fluorescence emission signals from fluorophores having highly overlapping emission spectra. Hyperspectral image data for mixtures of Nile Blue and HIDC Iodide in a methanol/polymer matrix were obtained using the Information-efficient Spectral Imaging sensor (ISIS) operated in its Hadamard Transform mode. The data were analyzed with a combination of Principal Components Analysis (PCA), orthogonal rotation, and equality and non-negativity constrained least squares methods. The analysis provided estimates of the pure-component fluorescence emission spectra and the spatial distributions of the fluorophores. In addition, spatially varying interferences from the background and laser excitation were identified and separated. A major finding resulting from this work is that the pure-component spectral estimates are very insensitive to the initial estimates supplied to the alternating least squares procedures. In fact, random number starting points reliably gave solutions that were effectively equivalent to those obtained when measured pure-component spectra were used as the-initial estimates. While our proximate application is evaluating the possibility of multivariate quantitation of DNA microarrays, the results of this study should be generally applicable to hyperspectral imagery typical of remote sensing spectrometers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Keenan, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1117/12.451662 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000020 ER PT S AU Salazar, JS Koch, MW Yocky, DA AF Salazar, JS Koch, MW Yocky, DA BE Shen, SS TI A novel automatic target recognition approach for multispectral data SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE multispectral; linear unmixing; focus of attention; Automatic Target Recognition; SPRT AB Automating the detection and identification of significant threats using multispectral (MS) imagery is a critical issue in remote sensing. Unlike previous multispectral. target recognition approaches, we utilize a three-stage process that not only takes into account the spectral content, but also the spatial information. The first stage applies a matched filter to the calibrated MS data. Here, the matched filter is tuned to the spectral components of a given target and produces an image intensity map of where the best matches occur. The second stage represents a novel detection algorithm, known as the focus of attention (FOA) stage. The FOA performs an initial screening of the data based on intensity and size checks on the matched filter output. Next, using the target's pure components, the third stage performs constrained linear unmixing on MS pixels within the FOA detected regions., Knowledge sources derived from this process are combined using a sequential probability ratio test (SPRT). The SPRT can fuse contaminated, uncertain and disparate information from multiple sources. We demonstrate our approach on identifying a specific target using actual data collected in ideal conditions and also use approximately 35 square kilometers of urban clutter as false alarm data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Salazar, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0844,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 222 EP 241 DI 10.1117/12.453772 PG 20 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000023 ER PT S AU Brumby, SP Galbraith, AE AF Brumby, SP Galbraith, AE BE Shen, SS TI Evolving spatio-spectral feature extraction algorithms for hyperspectral imagery SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE genetic prograninuing; hyperspectral imagery; feature extraction; image processing; remote sensing ID GENETIC ALGORITHM; CLASSIFICATION AB Hyperspectral imagery data sets present an interesting challenge to feature extraction algorithm developers. Beyond the immediate problem of dealing with the sheer amount of spectral information per pixel in a hyperspectral image, the remote sensing scientist must explore a complex algorithm space in which both spatial and spectral signatures may be required to identify a feature of interest. Rather than carry out this algorithm exploration by hand, We are interested in developing learning systems that can evolve-these algorithms. We describe a genetic programming/supervised classifier software system, called GENIE, which evolves image processing tools for remotely sensed imagery. Our primary application has been land-cover classification from satellite imagery. GENIE was developed to evolve classification algorithms for multispectral imagery, and the extension to hyperspectral imagery presents a chance to test a genetic programming system by greatly increasing the complexity of the data under analysis, as well as a chance to find interesting spatio-spectral algorithms for hyperspectral imagery. We, demonstrate our system on publicly available imagery from the new Hyperion imaging spectrometer onboard the NASA Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brumby, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1117/12.451692 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000028 ER PT S AU Smith, MW Smith, JL Torrington, GK Wehlburg, CM Wehlburg, JC AF Smith, MW Smith, JL Torrington, GK Wehlburg, CM Wehlburg, JC BE Shen, SS TI Theoretical description and numerical simulations of a simplified Hadamard transform imaging spectrometer SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE Hadamard transform; imaging spectrometer; spectral imager; hyperspectral ID MULTIPLEX ADVANTAGE; MICROSCOPE AB A familiar concept in imaging spectrometry is that of the three dimensional data cube, with one spectral and two spatial dimensions. However, available detectors have at most two dimensions, which generally leads to the introduction of either scanning or multiplexing techniques for imaging spectrometers. For situations in which noise increases less rapidly than as the square root of the signal, multiplexing techniques have the potential to provide superior signal-to-noise ratios. This paper presents a theoretical description and numerical simulations for a new and simple type of Hadamard transform multiplexed imaging spectrometer. Compared to previous types of spatially encoded imaging spectrometers, it increases etendue by eliminating the need for anamorphically compressed re-imaging onto the entrance aperture of a monochromator or spectrophotometer. Compared to previous types of spectrally encoded imaging spectrometers, it increases end-to-end transmittance by eliminating the need for spectral re-combining optics. These simplifications are attained by treating the pixels of a digital mirror array as virtual entrance slits and the pixels of a 2-D array detector as virtual exit slits of an imaging spectrometer, and by applying a novel signal processing technique. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 372 EP 380 DI 10.1117/12.451698 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000037 ER PT J AU Li, PW McDermott, G Strong, RK AF Li, PW McDermott, G Strong, RK TI Crystal structures of RAE-1 beta and its complex with the activating immunoreceptor NKG2D SO IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; INDUCIBLE CDNA CLONES; DELTA T-CELLS; MHC-LIKE FOLD; NK CELLS; SURFACE PROTEINS; F9 CELLS; RECEPTOR; MOLECULES; LIGAND AB Induced by retinoic acid and implicated in playing a role in development, rodent RAE-1 proteins are ligands for the activating immunoreceptor NKG2D, widely expressed on natural killer cells, T cells, and macrophages. RAE-1 proteins (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) are distant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I homologs, comprising isolated alpha1alpha2 platform domains. The crystal structure of RAE-1beta was distorted from other MHC homologs and displayed noncanonical disulfide bonds. The loss of any remnant of a peptide binding groove was facilitated by the close approach of the groove-defining helices through a hydrophobic, leucine-rich interface. The RAE-1beta-murine NKG2D complex structure resembled the human NKG2D-MICA receptor-ligand complex and further demonstrated the promiscuity of the NKG2D ligand binding site. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Basic Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Strong, RK (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Basic Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI48675] NR 47 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1074-7613 J9 IMMUNITY JI Immunity PD JAN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00258-3 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 516UT UT WOS:000173575700008 PM 11825567 ER PT S AU Ewsuk, KG Arguello, JG Bencoe, DN Ellerby, DT Glass, SJ Zeuch, DH Anderson, J AF Ewsuk, KG Arguello, JG Bencoe, DN Ellerby, DT Glass, SJ Zeuch, DH Anderson, J BE Matsui, M Jahanmir, S Mostaghaci, H Naito, M Uematsu, K Wasche, R Morrell, R TI Characterizing granulated ceramic powders for dry pressing and sintering SO IMPROVED CERAMICS THROUGH NEW MEASUREMENTS, PROCESSING, AND STANDARDS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Improved Ceramics through New Measurements, Processing and Standards CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HI SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CRADA DEVELOPS MODEL; ALUMINA POWDERS; DIE DESIGN; COMPACTION; STRENGTH AB Free-flowing, granulated powders are used to form ceramic components by powder pressing. The characteristics and properties of a granulated powder influence powder flow, packing, and compaction. Critical relationships between granule characteristics and pressing behavior must be controlled to reproducibly process reliable ceramic components. This paper reviews the ceramic powder pressing process, and techniques to characterize powders, powder pressing, and powder compacts. Finally, technology to model powder compaction is reviewed, and relationships between powder characteristics and pressing behavior are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ewsuk, KG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-147-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 133 BP 77 EP 88 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BW65W UT WOS:000182709000011 ER PT B AU Fisk, M Varghese, G AF Fisk, M Varghese, G GP ACM ACM TI Agile and scalable analysis of network events SO IMW 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNET MEASUREMENT WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Internet Measurement Workshop (IMW 2002) CY NOV 06-08, 2002 CL MARSEILLE, FRANCE SP ACM SIGCOMM, USENIX AB The state of the aft in general purpose software systems for large-scale traffic measurement has not progressed much past the venerable libpcap. In this paper we describe a new data analysis system that provides a scalable, flexible system for composing ad-hoc analyses of highspeed, streaming data. This agility allows researchers, network security analysts, or network operators to easily compose new analysis functions. A growing tool box of filtering, measurement, and statistical tools allows new approaches to be tested with a minimum of software development Further, a dynamic type system allows polymorphic analysis modules to operate on arbitrary forms of structured data, thus allowing easy integration of multiple data sources such as packet traces, netflow records, or security logs. In this paper we present this system and demonstrate its capabilities while performing several measurements, such as computing probability density functions, detecting port-scans, and probabilistic counting of traffic traces. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mfisk@lanl.gov; vargh-ese@cs.ucsd.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-603-X PY 2002 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BW11Q UT WOS:000180925700035 ER PT B AU Ashburner, M Lewis, S AF Ashburner, M Lewis, S BE Bock, G Goode, JA TI On ontologies for biologists: the Gene Ontology - untangling the web SO IN SILICO SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SE NOVARTIS FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on In Silico Simulation of Biological Processes CY NOV 27-29, 2001 CL NOVARTIS FDN, LONDON, ENGLAND HO NOVARTIS FDN ID PROTEIN ANNOTATION; GENOME SEQUENCE; DATABASE; INFORMATION; ALGORITHM; RESOURCES AB The mantra of the 'post-genomic' era is 'gene function'. Yet surprisingly little attention has been given to how functional and other information concerning genes is to be captured, made accessible to biologists or structured in a computable form. The aim of the Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium is to provide a framework for both the description and the organisation of such information. The GO Consortium is presently concerned with three structured controlled vocabularies which can be used to describe three discrete biological domains, building structured vocabularies which can be used to describe the molecular function, biological roles and cellular locations of gene products. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ashburner, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. OI Lewis, Suzanna/0000-0002-8343-612X FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG02273] NR 54 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER PO19 1UD, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-470-84480-9 J9 NOVART FDN SYMP PY 2002 VL 247 BP 66 EP 83 PG 18 WC Biology; Medicine, General & Internal SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; General & Internal Medicine GA BW40V UT WOS:000181919300005 PM 12539950 ER PT S AU De Grey, ADNJ Ames, CN Andersen, JK Bartke, A Campisi, J Heward, CB McCarter, RJM Stock, G AF De Grey, ADNJ Ames, CN Andersen, JK Bartke, A Campisi, J Heward, CB McCarter, RJM Stock, G BE Harman, D TI Time to talk SENS: Critiquing the immutability of human aging SO INCREASING HEALTHY LIFE SPAN: CONVENTIONAL MEASURES AND SLOWING THE INNATE AGING PROCESS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Congress of the International-Association-of-Biomedical-Gerontology CY JUN 27-30, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Assoc Biomed Gerontol, Now Foods, Glenn Fdn Med Res, Wild Blueberry Assoc N Amer DE negligible senescence; exercise; hormone restoration; cell therapy; gene therapy; AGE breakers; telomerase manipulation; mitochondrial mutations; lysosomal aggregates ID LIFE-SPAN; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; IN-VIVO; AGE; MICE; BRAIN; TRANSPLANTATION; SENESCENCE AB Aging is a three-stage process: metabolism, damage, and pathology. The biochemical processes that sustain life generate toxins as an intrinsic side effect. These toxins cause damage, of which a small proportion cannot be removed by any endogenous repair process and thus accumulates. This accumulating damage ultimately drives age-related degeneration. Interventions can be designed at all three stages. However, intervention in metabolism can only modestly postpone pathology, because production of toxins is so intrinsic a property of metabolic processes that greatly reducing that production would entail fundamental redesign of those processes. Similarly, intervention in pathology is a "losing battle" if the damage that drives it is accumulating unabated. By contrast, intervention to remove the accumulating damage would sever the link between metabolism and pathology, and so has the potential to postpone aging indefinitely. We survey the major categories of such damage and the ways in which, with current or foreseeable biotechnology, they could be reversed. Such ways exist in all cases, implying that indefinite postponement of aging-which we term "engineered negligible senescence"-may be within sight. Given the major demographic consequences if it came about, this possibility merits urgent debate. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Buck Inst Aging Res, Novato, CA USA. So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Kronos Grp, Phoenix, AZ USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neuropsychiat & Biobehav, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP De Grey, ADNJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. RI Bartke, Andzej/D-6640-2017 OI Bartke, Andzej/0000-0002-2569-557X NR 62 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 8 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-360-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 959 BP 452 EP 462 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BU36U UT WOS:000175782200039 PM 11976218 ER PT J AU Manikandan, P Ellis, P Kuhn, P Choi, EY Hoffman, B Hille, R AF Manikandan, P Ellis, P Kuhn, P Choi, EY Hoffman, B Hille, R TI Structure/function studies of arsenite oxidoreductase and xanthine oxidase SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY SECTION A-INORGANIC BIO-INORGANIC PHYSICAL THEORETICAL & ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE-SITES; OXYGEN ATOM; MECHANISM; MOLYBDENUM(V); O-17; MOLYBDOENZYMES; CATALYSIS; ENZYMES; COMPLEX; MODEL AB The recently solved X-ray crystal structure of the molybdenum-containing arsenite oxidoreductase from Alcaligenes faecalis, is discussed, keeping in view the known mechanistic and spectroscopic information regarding the protein in a structural context. In addition, recent mechanistic studies of xanthine oxidase are covered, with the conclusion that the reaction mechanism is initiated by nucleophilic attack of a Mo-OH group on substrate. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94310 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Manikandan, P (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0376-4710 J9 INDIAN J CHEM A JI Indian J. Chem. Sect A-Inorg. Bio-Inorg. Phys. Theor. Anal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 513EL UT WOS:000173364900003 ER PT J AU Sosnick, T Pan, T Fang, XW Shelton, V Thiyagarajan, P Littrel, K AF Sosnick, T Pan, T Fang, XW Shelton, V Thiyagarajan, P Littrel, K TI Metal ions and the thermodynamics and kinetics of tertiary RNA folding SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY SECTION A-INORGANIC BIO-INORGANIC PHYSICAL THEORETICAL & ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; GROUP-I RIBOZYME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TETRAHYMENA RIBOZYME; RIBONUCLEASE-P; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SUBSTRATE-BINDING; CATALYTIC CORE; DOMAIN AB Divalent cations play a fundamental role in the stability and folding of tertiary RNAs. We have applied multiple spectroscopic, chemical and enzymatic probes to examine the cooperativity and stability of tertiary RNAs. We present a framework to quantify the free energy for tertiary RNA folding using Mg2+ and urea titrations. We describe the compaction process along the Mg-induced thermodynamic folding pathway. The kinetic pathway of this and other large RNAs is complex and often fraught with multiple kinetic traps. Intermediates can exist on certain pathways and folding can be under kinetic control. However, we show that a large ribozyme can fold all the way to the biological active state in 0.1 second (orders of magnitude faster than previously observed) without falling into kinetic traps. We introduce the Mg2+ and urea "chevron" plots and conduct the first complete, quantitative analysis of tertiary RNA folding pathway. A folding scheme containing two kinetic intermediates accounts for all the free energy, number of bound Mg2+ ions, and surface burial of the equilibrium transition. The folding of this ribozyme is best described by a classical pathway populated by discrete intermediates. These results indicate that the conformational search in tertiary RNA folding can be very fast and occur along a smooth energy landscape. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sosnick, T (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 920 E 58Th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0376-4710 J9 INDIAN J CHEM A JI Indian J. Chem. Sect A-Inorg. Bio-Inorg. Phys. Theor. Anal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 54 EP 64 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 513EL UT WOS:000173364900007 ER PT B AU Nowell, L Schulman, R Hix, D AF Nowell, L Schulman, R Hix, D BE Wong, PC Andrew, K TI Graphical Encoding for Information Visualization: An empirical study SO INFOVIS 2002: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS 2002) CY OCT 28-29, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc ID DISPLAYS; COLOR; INTEGRATION; SPACE; TASK AB Research in several areas provides scientific guidance for use of graphical encoding to convey information in an information visualization display. By graphical encoding we mean the use of visual display elements such as icon color, shape, size, or position to convey information about objects represented by the icons. Literature offers inconclusive and often conflicting viewpoints, including the suggestion that the effectiveness of a graphical encoding depends on the type of data represented. Our empirical study suggests that the nature of the users' perceptual task is more indicative of the effectiveness of a graphical encoding than the type of data represented. C1 Battelle Pacific NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nowell, L (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1751-X PY 2002 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1109/INFVIS.2002.1173146 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BV85V UT WOS:000180247100007 ER PT S AU Jacobson, PL Petrin, RR John, LJ Foy, B Lowrance, JL Renda, G AF Jacobson, PL Petrin, RR John, LJ Foy, B Lowrance, JL Renda, G BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Advanced laser sensing receiver concepts based on FPA technology SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays VII CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE lidar; laser sensing; array detector; FPA; imaging ID SMART DETECTOR ARRAY; HIGH-SPEED; DESIGN AB The ultimate performance of any remote sensor is ideally governed by the hardware signal-to-noise capability and allowed signal-averaging time. In real-world scenarios, this may not be realizable and the limiting factors may suggest the need for more advanced capabilities. Moving from passive to active remote sensors offers the advantage of control over the illumination source, the laser. Added capabilities may include polarization discrimination, instantaneous imaging, range resolution, simultaneous multi-spectral measurement, or coherent detection. However, most advanced detection technology has been engineered heavily towards the straightforward passive sensor requirements, measuring an integrated photon flux. The need for focal plane array technology designed specifically for laser sensing has been recognized for some time, but advances have only recently made the engineering possible. This paper will present a few concepts for laser sensing receiver architectures, the driving specifications behind those concepts, and test/modeling results of such designs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Jacobson, PL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4471-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4721 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1117/12.478859 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV33A UT WOS:000178611900002 ER PT S AU Tiegs, TN Kiggans, JO Montgomery, FC Blue, CA Velez, M AF Tiegs, TN Kiggans, JO Montgomery, FC Blue, CA Velez, M BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP TI High density infrared surface treatment of ceramics SO INNOVATIVE PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS OF CERAMICS, GLASSES, AND COMPOSITES VI SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites VI held at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tiegs, TN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-150-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2002 VL 135 BP 239 EP 246 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BX23Z UT WOS:000184717800021 ER PT J AU Arnaiz, FJ AF Arnaiz, FJ TI Dichlorodioxo-bis(triphenylphosphine oxide) uranium(VI) [UO2Cl2(OPPh3)(2)] SO INORGANIC SYNTHESIS, VOL 33 SE INORGANIC SYNTHESES LA English DT Article C1 Univ Burgos, Lab Quim Inorgan, Burgos 09001, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Arnaiz, FJ (reprint author), Univ Burgos, Lab Quim Inorgan, Burgos 09001, Spain. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0073-8077 J9 INORG SYN PY 2002 VL 33 BP 204 EP 206 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BU84N UT WOS:000177164500032 ER PT S AU Kosny, J Childs, P AF Kosny, J Childs, P BE Desjarlais, AO Zarr, RR TI Accuracy of hot box testing of steel stud walls SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, 4TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Insulation Materials CY OCT 21-22, 2002 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm C 16 DE steel framing; heat transfer; hot-box tests; wall R-value AB A new procedure was developed to increase the accuracy of hot box testing of walls containing strong thermal bridges. Since steel is about one thousand times more conductive than wood, steel-framed walls are very good examples of structures containing strong thermal bridges. The traditional analysis method of hot-box test data (as described in the ASTM C1363 standard) is relatively accurate for hot box testing of conventional wood-famed walls. However, this methodology is significantly less accurate for heavily thermally bridged steel-framed walls. In the proposed new method, three sources of inaccuracies were identified for steel stud assemblies: - zone of influence for the thermally bridged areas, - distribution of surface temperatures for locations of strong thermal bridges, and - thermal conductivity of foam used in the surround panel. All three factors are important in that they may reduce the accuracy of the hot box testing on thermally bridged walls. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kosny, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2898-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1426 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1520/STP11010S PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BV51S UT WOS:000179203700010 ER PT S AU Petrie, TW Kosny, J Atchley, JA Desjarlais, AO AF Petrie, TW Kosny, J Atchley, JA Desjarlais, AO BE Desjarlais, AO Zarr, RR TI Effect of steel framing in attic/ceiling assemblies on overall thermal resistance SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, 4TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Insulation Materials CY OCT 21-22, 2002 CL CHARLESTON, SC SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm C 16 DE thermal bridges; steel framing; residential attics; hot box tests; system R-value; code support AB Experiments have been performed to assess the impact of cold-formed-steel framing on the thermal performance of attic/ceiling assemblies. Test configurations duplicated features of full-sized, truss-based and conventional joist-and-rafter assemblies away from the edges of the ceiling. Steady-state tests were done at winter conditions in a climate simulator. In truss systems, strong thermal bridges due to framing members that penetrated through the insulation to the bottom chords persisted as the insulation level increased. Without penetrations, the effect of steel framing eventually disappeared as insulation level was increased. For negligible effect of the framing, framing spaced 41 cm oc required greater insulation depth than did framing spaced 61 cm oc, Without penetrations but with enough insulation to cover framing with depths of 8.9 cm, 20.3 cm and 30.5 cm, greater framing depth yielded slightly poorer thermal performance. In some tests, a continuous layer of extruded polystyrene foam insulation was placed between the C-shaped bottom chords of trusses and the gypsum board ceiling. System R-values improved slightly more than the R-value of the foam insulation. A three-dimensional model of the thermal behavior of the assemblies was used to extend the test results to the entire range of steel-framed attic/ceiling configurations. Equations generated from this and related work can be the basis for changes in codes and standards that reflect the effect of steel framing on the thermal performance of attic/ceiling assemblies and discourage allowing steel framing to extend beyond insulation in the assemblies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Petrie, TW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2898-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1426 BP 159 EP 175 DI 10.1520/STP11011S PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BV51S UT WOS:000179203700011 ER EF